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Phang HJ, Heimler SR, Scandalis LM, Wing D, Moran R, Nichols JF, Moreno D, Shadel GS, Gage FH, Molina AJA. Protocol for the San Diego Nathan Shock Center Clinical Cohort: a new resource for studies of human aging. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082659. [PMID: 38925692 PMCID: PMC11202663 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While it is well recognised that aging is a heterogeneous process, our understanding of the determinants of biological aging and its heterogeneity remains unclear. The San Diego Nathan Shock Center (SD-NSC) Clinical Cohort aims to establish a resource of biospecimens and extensive donor clinical data such as physical, cognitive and sensory function to support other studies that aim to explore the heterogeneity of normal human aging and its biological underpinnings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The SD-NSC Clinical Cohort is composed of 80 individuals across the adult human lifespan. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria are implemented to minimise extrinsic factors that may impede the study of normal aging. Across three visits, participants undergo extensive phenotyping for collection of physical performance, body composition, cognitive function, sensory ability, mental health and haematological data. During these visits, we also collected biospecimens including plasma, platelets, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts for banking and future studies on aging. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval from the UC San Diego School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB #201 141 SHOCK Center Clinical Cohort, PI: Molina) was obtained on 11 November 2020. Written informed consent is obtained from all participants after objectives and procedures of the study have been fully explained. Congruent with the goal of establishing a core resource, biological samples and clinical data are made available to the research community through the SD-NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Phang
- Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Lina M Scandalis
- Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David Wing
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan Moran
- Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeanne F Nichols
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kawamoto R, Kikuchi A, Ninomiya D, Kumagi T. Thigh-hip ratio is significantly associated with all-cause mortality among Japanese community-dwelling men. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292287. [PMID: 37797075 PMCID: PMC10553839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric evaluation is a simple yet essential indicator of muscle and fat mass when studying life prognosis in aging. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of anthropometric measurements, independent of body mass index, to measures of all-cause mortality. We examined data for 1,704 participants from the 2014 Nomura Cohort Study who attended follow-ups for the subsequent eight years (follow-up rate: 93.0%). Of these, 765 were male (aged 69 ± 11 years) and 939 were female (aged 69 ± 9 years). The Japanese Basic Resident Registry provided data on adjusted relative hazards for all-cause mortality. The data were subjected to a Cox regression analysis, wherein the time variable was age and the risk factors were gender, age, anthropometric index, smoking habits, drinking habits, exercise habits, cardiovascular history, hypertension, lipid levels, diabetes, renal function, and serum uric acid. Of the total number of participants, 158 (9.3%) were confirmed to have died, and of these, 92 were male (12.0% of all male participants) and 66 were female (7.0% of all female participants). The multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that a smaller thigh-hip ratio predicted eight-year all-cause mortality in male participants, but only baseline body mass index was associated with all-cause mortality in female participants. Thigh-hip ratio is a useful predictor of death in Japanese community-dwelling men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Kawamoto
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Ehime, Japan
| | - Asuka Kikuchi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Ehime, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ninomiya
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Ehime, Japan
| | - Teru Kumagi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Gao Y, Min YI, Bell RA, Bertoni AG, Correa A. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of variations of anthropometric measures of obesity with age in the Jackson Heart Study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069127. [PMID: 37479517 PMCID: PMC10364166 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how anthropometric measures of obesity vary with age among African American (AA) adults. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 3634 AA adults participated in the Jackson Heart Study (Jackson, Mississippi, USA) from 2004 to 2013. OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). METHODS Linear regression models were used to estimate the mean differences in anthropometric measures cross-sectionally by age group. Longitudinal changes in anthropometric measures over time (ie, the ageing effect) within each sex and age group were analysed using mixed effects models. All regression models were adjusted for education and lifestyle factors. RESULTS In cross-sectional analysis, older age was associated with lower BMI, WC and WHtR, but higher WHR in both sexes. Compared with 25 to <44 years age group, the mean (95% CI) BMI, WC and WHtR was 0.80 (0.66 to 0.94), 0.27 (0.13 to 0.42) and 0.18 (0.03 to 0.32) standardised (SD) unit lower, while WHR was 0.48 (0.33 to 0.62) SD unit higher in the 75+ years age group. In longitudinal analysis, ageing was associated with increased BMI, WC and WHtR, among younger age groups but not in older age groups. However, WHR tended to increase with ageing across all age groups in both sexes. Among men 75+ years old, the mean change (95% CI) in BMI, WC and WHtR for every 5 years increase in age, was -0.20 (-0.29 to -0.11), -0.19 (-0.31 to -0.07), -0.15 (-0.27 to -0.02) SD unit, respectively, while it was 0.24 (0.05 to 0.44) SD unit for WHR. CONCLUSIONS Among middle-aged AA adults, all four anthropometric measures of obesity examined increased with ageing. However, among elderly AA adults, only WHR showed continued increase with ageing. WHR may be a better anthropometric measure for monitoring obesity in older AA adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Yuan-I Min
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Chen XY, Wang D, Liu X, Shi X, Scherffius A, Fan F. Cumulative stressful events and mental health in young adults after 10 years of Wenchuan earthquake: the role of social support. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2189399. [PMID: 36942927 PMCID: PMC10035950 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2189399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: After a natural disaster, stressful events often continue to accumulate, affecting individuals in a different manner than the original disaster never occurred. However, few studies have examined these associations, the cumulative impacts of stressful events on mental health outcomes, and the role of social support. This study examined the prospective association between cumulative stressful events and mental health problems and the role of social support in young adults.Methods: 695 participants provided available data on earthquake exposure, childhood maltreatment, other negative life events, and social support at baseline. Depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed at baseline and 10 years after the earthquake (T10y). A cumulative stressful events index was used to evaluate the levels of cumulative stressful events. Linear regressions were used to explore the predictive effects.Results: Of 695 participants, 41.3%, 28.5%, and 7.9% reported one, two, and three stressful events, respectively. The associations between cumulative stressful events and mental health problems at T10y presented a dose-response pattern: those who experienced three events had the highest risk of mental health problems, followed by those who experienced two events and those who reported one event. Additionally, higher social support partially reduced the negative impact of cumulative stressful events on mental health.Conclusions: Cumulative stressful events are associated with mental health problems 10 years later in young earthquake survivors. Social support could reduce the negative impact, but its protective role disappears when stressful events accumulate at the highest level. These findings highlight the importance of assessing the cumulative impacts of stressful events and social support available to young disaster survivors and intervening to prevent worse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Chen
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Scherffius
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Bastelica T, Lespine LF, Rouch I, Tadri M, Dorey JM, Strippoli MPF, d'Amato T, von Gunten A, Preisig M, Rey R. Network analysis of the associations between personality traits, cognitive functioning, and inflammatory markers in elderly individuals without dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1093323. [PMID: 37168718 PMCID: PMC10166137 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1093323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lower cognitive functioning in old age has been associated with personality traits or systemic inflammatory markers. Associations have also been found between personality traits and inflammatory markers. However, no study has explored the inter-relationships between these three components simultaneously. The present study aims to better understand the inter-relationships among personality traits, inflammatory markers, and cognitive performance in elderly individuals without dementia. Methods This study utilizes a network analysis approach, a statistical method that allows visualization of the data's unique pairwise associations. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 720 elderly individuals without dementia, using data from Colaus|PsyColaus, a population-based study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. The Revised NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R) was used to assess personality traits, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as peripheral inflammatory markers. Cognitive domains were investigated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Verbal Fluency Test, the Stroop Test, the DO40, and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding (FCSR) test. Results Openness was associated with verbal fluency and Agreeableness with immediate free recall. In contrast, no association between inflammatory markers and personality traits or cognition was identified. Discussion In elderly individuals without dementia, a high level of Openness or Agreeableness was associated with executive functioning/semantic memory and episodic memory, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bastelica
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Thomas Bastelica,
| | - Louis-Ferdinand Lespine
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Rouch
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Centre Recherche (BPH), Bordeaux, France
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR), Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Myriam Tadri
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Dorey
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, Brain Dynamics and Cognition, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | | | - Thierry d'Amato
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Rey
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
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Guo H, An Z, Wang N, Ge S, Cai J, Yu S, Zhou Y, Ying R, Zha K, Gu T, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Abdominal Obesity Are Prone to Osteodysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:3872126. [PMID: 37102159 PMCID: PMC10125752 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3872126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The interaction between diabetes, obesity, and bone metabolism was drawing increasing public attention. However, the osteometabolic changes in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) patients with abdominal obesity have not been fully revealed. This study is aimed at investigating the association between abdominal obesity indices and bone turnover markers among T2DM participants. Methods 4351 subjects were involved in the METAL study. Abdominal obesity indices included neck, waist, and hip circumference, visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI). They were applied to elucidate the nexus between β-C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX), osteocalcin (OC), and intact N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP). Results Abdominal obesity indices were strongly negatively associated with β-CTX and OC. Among males, five indices were negatively correlated with β-CTX (BMI, WC, LAP, WHR, and CVAI) and OC (BMI, NC, WC, WHR, and CVAI). There were no significant associations with P1NP. Among females, all eight indices were negatively associated with β-CTX. Seven indices were negatively related to OC (BMI, NC, WC, HC, LAP, WHR, and CVAI). The VAI was negatively correlated with P1NP. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that in T2DM, abdominal obesity had an obviously negative correlation with bone metabolism. Abdominal obesity indices were significantly negatively associated with skeletal destruction (β-CTX) and formation (OC). In routine clinical practice, these easily obtained indices could be used as a preliminary screening method and relevant factors for osteodysfunction incidence risk at no additional cost and may be of particular value for postmenopausal women in T2DM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengmei An
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohong Ge
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Ying
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexi Zha
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Gu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huangpu Branch of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lin WY. Associations of five obesity indicators with cognitive performance in 30,697 Taiwan Biobank participants. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:839. [PMID: 36344931 PMCID: PMC9641815 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity adversely influences the central nervous system and cognitive functions. However, the relationship between various obesity indicators and cognitive performance remains controversial. It is unclear which obesity indicator is more relevant to cognitive impairment. Methods The Taiwan Biobank (TWB) administered the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to 30,697 participants (12,094 males and 18,603 females) aged 60 to 70 years. A total of 3,454 (11.25%) individuals with MMSE < = 24 were classified as having poor cognitive performance. This cross-sectional study investigates the associations of five obesity indicators with cognitive performance. Five separate logistic regression models were fitted for males and another five for females. Covariates adjusted in all models included age, smoking status, drinking status, regular exercise, chronic disease status (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases, stroke, or Parkinson’s disease), depression status, blood pressure level, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and educational attainment. The five obesity indicators included body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Results Abdominal obesity defined by WHR was significantly associated with poor cognitive performance. Male WHR > = 0.90 had a higher risk of poor cognitive performance than male WHR < 0.90 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.233; p = 0.007); female WHR > = 0.85 had an increased risk of poor cognitive performance compared with female WHR < 0.85 (OR = 1.221; p = 3.9E-4). HC and general obesity (defined by BMI and BFP) were not significantly associated with cognitive performance. Conclusion The results consistently agreed that preventing abdominal obesity is associated with better cognitive performance in both males and females. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03457-x.
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Moura LDANE, Pagotto V, Camargo Pereira C, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA. Does Abdominal Obesity Increase All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality Risks in Older Adults? A 10-Year Follow-Up Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204315. [PMID: 36296999 PMCID: PMC9607321 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is insufficient evidence on the impact of abdominal obesity (AO) on mortality in older adults. Therefore, the objective to analyze the 10-year impact of AO, assessed using different diagnostic criteria, on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in older adults. In this prospective cohort study of older adults (≥60 years), sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical history, laboratory test, and anthropometric data were analyzed. The considered were used for AO diagnostic: waist circumference (WC) of ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men; WC of ≥77.8 cm for women and ≥98.8 cm for men; and increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), being the highest tertile of distribution by sex. Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed. A total of 418 individuals, with an average age of 70.69 ± 7.13 years, participated in the study. In the analysis adjusted for sex and age, WHR was associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality (p = 0.044). Both cutoff points used for the WC were associated with an increased CVD mortality risk. None of the AO parameters were associated with cancer mortality. An increased WHR was associated to a higher all-cause mortality risk factor, while an increased WC was a risk factor for a higher CVD mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Almeida Nogueira e Moura
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.A.N.e.M.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Valéria Pagotto
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-080, GO, Brazil
| | - Cristina Camargo Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Correspondence: (L.d.A.N.e.M.); (E.A.S.)
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Riseberg E, Chui K, James KA, Melamed R, Alderete TL, Corlin L. A Longitudinal Study of Exposure to Manganese and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204271. [PMID: 36296955 PMCID: PMC9607173 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between manganese (Mn) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is unclear, and no prior study has studied this association longitudinally. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal associations of Mn exposure with MetS and metabolic outcomes. We used data from the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study (SLVDS), a prospective cohort from rural Colorado with data collected from 1984−1998 (n = 1478). Urinary Mn was measured at baseline (range = 0.20−42.5 µg/L). We assessed the shape of the cross-sectional association between Mn and MetS accounting for effect modification by other metals at baseline using Bayesian kernel machine regression. We assessed longitudinal associations between baseline quartiles of Mn and incident MetS using Fine and Gray competing risks regression models (competing risk = mortality) and between quartiles of Mn and metabolic outcomes using linear mixed effects models. We did not observe evidence that quartiles of Mn were associated with incident MetS (p-value for trend = 0.52). Quartiles of Mn were significantly associated with lower fasting glucose (p-value for trend < 0.01). Lead was found to be a possible effect modifier of the association between Mn and incident MetS. Mn was associated with lower fasting glucose in this rural population. Our results support a possible beneficial effect of Mn on diabetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Riseberg
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Katherine A. James
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel Melamed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura Corlin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Hazewinkel AD, Richmond RC, Wade KH, Dixon P. Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal impact of body mass index and waist-hip ratio on rates of hospital admission. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 44:101088. [PMID: 34894623 PMCID: PMC8784824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We analyze how measures of adiposity - body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) - causally influence rates of hospital admission. Conventional analyses of this relationship are susceptible to omitted variable bias from variables that jointly influence both hospital admission and adipose status. We implement a novel quasi-Poisson instrumental variable model in a Mendelian randomization framework, identifying causal effects from random perturbations to germline genetic variation. We estimate the individual and joint effects of BMI, WHR, and WHR adjusted for BMI. We also implement multivariable instrumental variable methods in which the causal effect of one exposure is estimated conditionally on the causal effect of another exposure. Data on 310,471 participants and over 550,000 inpatient admissions in the UK Biobank were used to perform one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses. The results supported a causal role of adiposity on hospital admissions, with consistency across all estimates and sensitivity analyses. Point estimates were generally larger than estimates from comparable observational specifications. We observed an attenuation of the BMI effect when adjusting for WHR in the multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses, suggesting that an adverse fat distribution, rather than a higher BMI itself, may drive the relationship between adiposity and risk of hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audinga-Dea Hazewinkel
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Padraig Dixon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Mollinedo-Cardalda I, Ferreira M, Bezerra P, Cancela-Carral JM. Health-Related Functional Fitness within the Elderly Communities of Five European Countries: The in Common Sports Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312810. [PMID: 34886536 PMCID: PMC8657484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to analyse the functional fitness and the anthropometric values of older adults participating in the “IN COMMON SPORTS” project. (2) Methods: A total of 418 participants (eastern European Group (GEE, n = 124) and southern European Groups (GES, n = 294) have been evaluated for anthropometric characteristics and fitness. (3) Results: The GES participants presented significant differences in anthropometric values and fitness, with the best values for upper and lower limb strength and aerobic resistance, while those from the GEE presented significantly better values for lower limb flexibility. (4) Conclusion: Older adults present differences in fitness in accordance with their country of residence, with the GES having the best functional fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irimia Mollinedo-Cardalda
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- HealthyFit Research Group, Institute Health Research Galicia Sur (IISGS), Hospital University Complex of Pontevedra (CHOP), Sergas, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986801750
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- Camara Municipal of Vilanova da Cerveira, 4920-284 Vilanova da Cerveira, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Bezerra
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lezer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal;
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José María Cancela-Carral
- HealthyFit Research Group, Institute Health Research Galicia Sur (IISGS), Hospital University Complex of Pontevedra (CHOP), Sergas, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
- Faculty of Education and Sports Science, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
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12
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Xiao X, Wang R, Knibbs LD, Jalaludin B, Heinrich J, Markevych I, Gao M, Xu SL, Wu QZ, Zeng XW, Chen GB, Hu LW, Yang BY, Yu Y, Dong GH. Street view greenness is associated with lower risk of obesity in adults: Findings from the 33 Chinese community health study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111434. [PMID: 34087194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban greenness may protect against obesity, but very few studies have assessed 'street view' (SV) greenness metrics, which may better capture people's actual exposure to greenness compared to commonly-used satellite-derived metrics. We aimed to investigate these associations further in a Chinese adult study. METHODS Our analysis included 24,845 adults in the 33 Chinese Community Health Study in 2009. SV images from Tencent Map, segmented by machine learning algorithms, were used to determine the average proportion of green vegetation in SV images at community level in 800m road network buffer. Sensitivity analyses were performed with an alternative buffer size. Overall greenness was assessed as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 800 m buffer. We used predicted PM2.5 and monitored NO2 as proxies of air pollution. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were regressed on SV greenness by generalized linear mixed models, with adjustment for covariates. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the mediation effects of air pollution. RESULTS Each interquartile range (IQR = 3.6%) increase in street view greenness was associated with a 0.15 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.22, -0.09) decrease in BMI and 0.23 cm (95% CI: -0.35, -0.11) reduction in HC, and was associated with 7% lower odds of overweight (OR = 0.93, 95% CI:0.90, 0.96) and 18% lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.82, 95% CI:0.76, 0.89). Similar effect estimation was observed compared with commonly-used NDVI measures. PM2.5 and NO2 mediated 15.5% and 6.1% of the effects of SV greenness with BMI, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest beneficial associations between community-level SV greenness and lower body weight in Chinese adults. The effects were observed in women but not in men. Air pollution may partially mediate the association. These findings may have implications to support efforts to promote greening in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia; IIngham Institute for Applied Medial Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30060, Poland
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Li Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qi-Zhen Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gong-Bo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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13
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Yu Z, Grams ME, Ndumele CE, Wagenknecht L, Boerwinkle E, North KE, Rebholz CM, Giovannucci EL, Coresh J. Association Between Midlife Obesity and Kidney Function Trajectories: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 77:376-385. [PMID: 32979415 PMCID: PMC7904650 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Obesity has been related to risk for chronic kidney disease. However, the associations of different measures of midlife obesity with long-term kidney function trajectories and whether they differ by sex and race are unknown. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 13,496 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PREDICTORS Midlife obesity status as measured by body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat at baseline. OUTCOMES Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using serum creatinine level measured at 5 study visits, and incident kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT). ANALYTICAL APPROACH Mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes for eGFR. Cox proportional hazards models for KFRT. RESULTS Baseline mean age was 54 years, median eGFR was 103mL/min/1.73m2, and median BMI was 27kg/m2. Over 30 years of follow-up, midlife obesity measures were associated with eGFR decline in White and Black women but not consistently in men. Adjusted for age, center, smoking, and coronary heart disease, the differences in eGFR slope per 1-SD higher BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat were 0.09 (95% CI, -0.18 to 0.36), -0.25 (95% CI, -0.50 to 0.01), and-0.14 (95% CI, -0.41 to 0.13) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for White men; -0.91 (95% CI, -1.15 to-0.67), -0.82 (95% CI, -1.06 to-0.58), and-1.02 (95% CI, -1.26 to-0.78) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for White women; -0.70 (95% CI, -1.54 to 0.14), -1.60 (95% CI, -2.42 to-0.78), and-1.24 (95% CI, -2.08 to-0.40) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for Black men; and-1.24 (95% CI, -2.08 to-0.40), -1.50 (95% CI, -2.05 to-0.95), and-1.43 (95% CI, -2.00 to-0.86) mL/min/1.73m2 per decade for Black women. Obesity indicators were independently associated with risk for KFRT for all sex-race groups except White men. LIMITATIONS Loss to follow-up during 3 decades of follow-up with 5 eGFR assessments. CONCLUSIONS Obesity status is a risk factor for future decline in kidney function and development of KFRT in Black and White women, with less consistent associations among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Morgan E Grams
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lynne Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Dhumad MM, Hamdan FB, Khudhair MS, Al-Matubsi HY. Correlation of staging and risk factors with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3576. [PMID: 33574349 PMCID: PMC7878737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-80962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of cardiovascular autonomic control among the underdiagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with a high prevalence rate of up to 60% in type 2 DM (T2DM). Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, arrhythmia, silent ischemia, any major cardiovascular event, and heart failure. We aimed to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic activity by different physiological maneuvers, study risk factors for diabetic CAN including age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and glycemic control, and correlate CAN stage with risk factors. One hundred and forty-two T2DM patients consisted of 62 males and 80 females and 100 volunteers as a control sample. Cardiac autonomic functions were assessed by Ewing's tests. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were also measured. Cardiovascular autonomic functions and Ewing scores were significantly different in people with diabetes when compared with control healthy subjects. Ewings test values and Ewing scores were significantly different between diabetics with and without CAN and within patients with different CAN staging. People with diabetes with CAN have a significantly longer duration of disease when compared to those without CAN. A strong association has been found between CAN severity and patient age, duration of disease, HbA1c severity, and the WHR (P < 0.001) but not with BMI. The duration of disease and HbA1c level appear to be associated with the development of CAN (P = 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). The poorer glycemic control and the longer the duration of the disease, the higher the prevalence of CAN in T2DM. Age, duration of disease, WHR, and HbA1c are well correlated with the severity of CAN. Parasympathetic impairment is more sensitive to the detection of autonomic dysfunctions than do sympathetic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad M Dhumad
- Section of Pharmacy, Baghdad College of Medical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Farqad B Hamdan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mahmood S Khudhair
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hisham Y Al-Matubsi
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
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Reductions in Cardiopulmonary Disease Risk Following Calisthenic Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Training in Young Adults in a Low Resource Setting. Asian J Sports Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.106562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have demonstrated that young adults, especially in low- to middle-income countries, are increasingly susceptible to unfavorable alterations in body composition during their transition from adolescence to adulthood. This places young adults at an increased risk for numerous chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular, and/or pulmonary diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to determine if concurrent aerobic and resistance calisthenic training could reduce cardiopulmonary disease risk in young adults in a low resource setting. Methods: Thirty young adult males were randomly assigned to either a six-week non-exercising control group (NON) or concurrent aerobic or resistance training group (CON) that engaged in three, non-consecutive, 60-minute exercise sessions using a combination of 4 - 5 progressive resistance training exercises for two sets of 15 - 20 repetitions and 30 minutes of aerobic exercises at a rating of perceived exertion of 9 - 15. This study assessed anthropometry (body mass, stature, body mass index waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-stature ratio, sum of skinfolds, percentage body fat, fat mass, fat free mass and conicity index) and lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal expiratory flow at 75% (MEF75%), maximal expiratory flow at 50% (MEF50%) and maximal expiratory flow at 25 (MEF25%). Results: Concurrent training resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements in waist-to-hip ratio (0.94 ± 0.04 to 0.92 ± 0.05; P = 0.042), fat free mass (57.46 ± 9.16 to 58.21 ± 8.65 kg; P = 0.018), percentage body fat (14.56 ± 5.96 to 13.24 ± 5.77%, P = 0.006), fat mass (10.22 ± 5.31 to 9.29 ± 5.17 kg; P = 0.008), sum of skinfolds (96.22 ± 35.64 to 87.67 ± 32.15 mm; P = 0.004), PEF (5.06 ± 2.04 to 6.57 ± 2.51 L; P = 0.018), MEF75% (4.78 ± 2.01 to 6.24 ± 1.99 L.sec-1; P = 0.026), MEF50% (4.08 ± 1.20 to 5.24 ± 1.44 L.sec-1; P = 0.043) and MEF25% (2.66 ± 0.63 to 3.31 ± 1.87 L.sec-1; P = 0.038). Conclusions: The findings support the feasibility and efficacy of a simple and inexpensive concurrent aerobic and resistance training program to simultaneously improve body composition and lung function in an attempt to curb the increasing incidence of overweight/obesity and associated lung dysfunction in young adults in a low resource setting.
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16
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Keep Them in the Game: Screening for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes in Aging Athletes. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/cpt.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents worldwide has quadrupled since 1975 and is a key predictor of obesity later in life. Previous work has consistently observed relationships between macroscale measures of reward-related brain regions (e.g., the nucleus accumbens [NAcc]) and unhealthy eating behaviors and outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Recent work has highlighted a potential role of neuroinflammation in the NAcc in animal models of diet-induced obesity. Here, we leverage a diffusion MRI technique, restriction spectrum imaging, to probe the microstructure (cellular density) of subcortical brain regions. More specifically, we test the hypothesis that the cell density of reward-related regions is associated with obesity-related metrics and early weight gain. In a large cohort of nine- and ten-year-olds enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we demonstrate that cellular density in the NAcc is related to individual differences in waist circumference at baseline and is predictive of increases in waist circumference after 1 y. These findings suggest a neurobiological mechanism for pediatric obesity consistent with rodent work showing that high saturated fat diets increase gliosis and neuroinflammation in reward-related brain regions, which in turn lead to further unhealthy eating and obesity.
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Jayedi A, Soltani S, Zargar MS, Khan TA, Shab-Bidar S. Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2020; 370:m3324. [PMID: 32967840 PMCID: PMC7509947 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association of indices of central obesity, including waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, body adiposity index, and A body shape index, with the risk of all cause mortality in the general population, and to clarify the shape of the dose-response relations. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Scopus from inception to July 2019, and the reference lists of all related articles and reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective cohort studies reporting the risk estimates of all cause mortality across at least three categories of indices of central fatness. Studies that reported continuous estimation of the associations were also included. DATA SYNTHESIS A random effects dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to assess linear trend estimations. A one stage linear mixed effects meta-analysis was used for estimating dose-response curves. RESULTS Of 98 745 studies screened, 1950 full texts were fully reviewed for eligibility. The final analyses consisted of 72 prospective cohort studies with 2 528 297 participants. The summary hazard ratios were as follows: waist circumference (10 cm, 3.94 inch increase): 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.13, I2=88%, n=50); hip circumference (10 cm, 3.94 inch increase): 0.90 (0.81 to 0.99, I2=95%, n=9); thigh circumference (5 cm, 1.97 inch increase): 0.82 (0.75 to 0.89, I2=54%, n=3); waist-to-hip ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.20 (1.15 to 1.25, I2=90%, n=31); waist-to-height ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.24 (1.12 to 1.36, I2=94%, n=11); waist-to-thigh ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.21 (1.03 to 1.39, I2=97%, n=2); body adiposity index (10% increase): 1.17 (1.00 to 1.33, I2=75%, n=4); and A body shape index (0.005 unit increase): 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20, I2=87%, n=9). Positive associations persisted after accounting for body mass index. A nearly J shaped association was found between waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio and the risk of all cause mortality in men and women. A positive monotonic association was observed for waist-to-hip ratio and A body shape index. The association was U shaped for body adiposity index. CONCLUSIONS Indices of central fatness including waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, body adiposity index, and A body shape index, independent of overall adiposity, were positively and significantly associated with a higher all cause mortality risk. Larger hip circumference and thigh circumference were associated with a lower risk. The results suggest that measures of central adiposity could be used with body mass index as a supplementary approach to determine the risk of premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadat Zargar
- Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tauseef Ahmad Khan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran
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Li H, Zhang X, Wang H, Yang B, Li N, Ji Z. A Chinese Cross-Sectional Study on Symptoms in Aging Males: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319838113. [PMID: 30862239 PMCID: PMC6438432 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319838113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale is a questionnaire designed for assessing health-related quality of life and aging-related symptoms in men. Additional knowledge of the severity of aging symptoms in males revealed by high AMS scores and the factors associated with it in the Chinese population is required. A nationally representative prevalence and risk factor estimate of AMS scores was performed to identify the associated factors for AMS severity in China. Men aged between 35 and 70 years were recruited at 33 study centers in 21 provinces, 4 municipalities, and 4 autonomous regions. The prevalence of high AMS scores and its association with demographic, anatomical, lifestyle, and clinical variables were evaluated. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. In this study, 918 of 9,164 (10%, p < .001) men aged between 35 and 70 years, had AMS scores ≥50. Univariate and multivariable analyses showed that an age of >40 years, poor marital relations, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), history of fracture, and smoking ≥25 cigarettes per day were the major factors that were associated with the severity of AMS (OR ≥2; p < .05). Hypertension, low income, a low education level, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and a waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.9 were also moderately associated with AMS severity (OR 1-2; p < .05). The current study revealed the nationally representative prevalence of severe AMS scores in Chinese men and the factors associated with severe AMS. Antiaging intervention studies should target men with specific associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Li
- 1 Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- 2 Department of Urology, Navy General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- 3 Clinical Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- 1 Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Li
- 4 Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- 1 Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Plowden TC, Zarek SM, Rafique S, Sjaarda LA, Schisterman EF, Silver RM, Yeung EH, Radin R, Hinkle SN, Galai N, Mumford SL. Preconception leptin levels and pregnancy outcomes: A prospective cohort study. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:181-188. [PMID: 32313676 PMCID: PMC7156817 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has become a major, worldwide public health issue and is associated with a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Leptin, a hormone produced by adipocytes, is elevated in individuals with obesity and may mediate the association between obesity and pregnancy outcomes. Though leptin levels during pregnancy have been associated with pregnancy outcomes, less is understood regarding preconception levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate associations between preconception leptin levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study nested within a large randomized controlled trial conducted at four medical centres in the United States. A total of 1078 women completed the parent study; this analysis involved women who became pregnant during that study (n = 776). Patients were healthy women, ages 18 to 40, attempting to conceive, with 1 to 2 prior pregnancy losses. Participants were followed for less than or equal to 6 cycles while trying to conceive and throughout pregnancy if they conceived. Preconception leptin concentrations were measured in serum collected at baseline then categorized by tertiles (using the lowest as reference group). Weighted log-binomial regression estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pregnancy loss, preterm delivery (PTD), gestational diabetes (GDM), and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, adjusting for age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS The mean (SD) BMI in this cohort was 25.4 ± 6.0. GDM (RR 18.37; 95% CI, 2.39-141.55) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (RR 2.35; 95% CI, 1.20-4.61) risks were higher among women in the high tertile after adjusting for age and WHR. The associated risk persisted when adjusting for BMI for GDM but was attenuated for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Leptin levels were not associated with risk of pregnancy loss or PTD. CONCLUSIONS Women with higher baseline preconception leptin levels had a higher likelihood of experiencing some adverse pregnancy outcomes including GDM and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. These findings warrant further evaluation, especially in light of the association between leptin and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torie C. Plowden
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Program in Reproductive and Adult EndocrinologyEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Shvetha M. Zarek
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Program in Reproductive and Adult EndocrinologyEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Saima Rafique
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHoward University HospitalWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Lindsey A. Sjaarda
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Enrique F. Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Robert M. Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Edwina H. Yeung
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Rose Radin
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Stefanie N. Hinkle
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Noya Galai
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Sunni L. Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMarylandUSA
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21
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Ibrahim Q, Ahsan M. Measurement of Visceral Fat, Abdominal Circumference and Waist-hip Ratio to Predict Health Risk in Males and Females. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:168-173. [PMID: 31930817 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.168.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is a risk factor for a broad range of diseases. This study aimed to estimate association between selected variables (visceral fat, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio) and health risk in between male and female. MATERIALS AND METHODS The university student based cross-sectional study was conducted among male and female students. The anthropometric measurements were taken through the auto-calibrated digital scale. Bioelectrical impedance analyzer device was used to determine visceral fat area, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio. Independent t-test and Pearson Chi-Square was used for statistical analysis. To see the association among the all three variables, scatter plots were also drawn. RESULTS The results showed that 28.3% male and 9.4% female at risk for visceral fat, for the abdominal circumference 16.9% male and 6% female at risk and for waist-hip ratio 27.5% male and 6% female fell under risk category. There was a significant relationship among all variable for male and female. CONCLUSION Findings suggested that visceral fat area, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio were strong predictors of health risk. Male were more prone to health risk than female participants.
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22
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Verspoor E, Voortman T, van Rooij FJA, Rivadeneira F, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Schoufour JD. Macronutrient intake and frailty: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2919-2928. [PMID: 31728680 PMCID: PMC7501120 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the longitudinal association between the macronutrient composition of the diet and frailty. Methods Data were obtained from 5205 Dutch middle-aged and older adults participating in the Rotterdam Study. Frailty was measured using a frailty index based on the accumulation of 38 health-related deficits, score between 0 and 100, and a higher score indicating more frailty. Frailty was assessed at baseline and 11 years later (range of 23 years). Macronutrient intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires. The association between macronutrients and frailty over time was evaluated using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for the frailty index at baseline, energy intake, and other relevant confounders. All analyses were performed in strata of BMI. Results Median frailty index score was 13.8 points (IQR 9.6; 19.1) at baseline and increased by a median of 2.3 points (IQR − 2.0; 7.6) after 11 years. Overall, we found no significant associations between intake of carbohydrates or fat and frailty over time. We did observe a significant positive association between an iso-energetic intake of 10 g protein and frailty over time (β 0.31 (95% CI 0.06; 0.55)) which was mainly driven by animal protein (β 0.31 (95% CI 0.07; 0.56)). It did not depend on whether it was substituted fat or carbohydrates. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a reduction in the intake of animal protein may improve the overall health status over time in a relatively healthy population. More research is needed on the optimal macronutrient composition of the diet and frailty in more vulnerable populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-02131-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Verspoor
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center/LUMC Campus, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, ACHIEVE-Centre of Applied Research, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Plowden TC, Zarek SM, DeVilbiss EA, Radoc JG, Kim K, Sjaarda LA, Schisterman EF, Silver RM, Kuhr DL, Omosigho UR, Yeung EH, Mumford SL. Preconception Leptin and Fecundability, Pregnancy, and Live Birth Among Women With a History of Pregnancy Loss. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1958-1968. [PMID: 31620666 PMCID: PMC6786004 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context With the increase of obesity, it is imperative to understand the neuroendocrine mechanisms, including the neuroendocrine hormone leptin, by which obese or overweight women are at increased risk for subfertility and infertility. Objective The objective was to examine associations between preconception serum leptin concentrations, fecundability, pregnancy, and live birth. Design Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort among women with prior pregnancy losses. Setting The study was conducted at four US medical centers (2006 to 2012). Intervention Not available. Materials and Methods Preconception serum leptin concentrations were measured at baseline, and women were followed for up to six menstrual cycles, and throughout pregnancy if they conceived. Discrete Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) for pregnancy and live birth. Models were adjusted for age, physical activity, treatment arm, and adiposity, either by measured waist-to-hip ratio or body mass index (BMI). Results High leptin concentrations were associated with decreased fecundability (FOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58, 0.90), reduced risk of pregnancy (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78, 0.96) and live birth (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65, 0.89) comparing the upper to the lower tertile. However, adjustment for BMI in lieu of waist-to-hip ratio nullified observed associations. Conclusions In women with a history of pregnancy loss, relations between higher preconception leptin and fecundability were attenuated after adjustment for BMI, although not after adjustment for other markers of adiposity. Leptin may serve as a complementary marker of adiposity for assessment of obesity and reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torie C Plowden
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shvetha M Zarek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth A DeVilbiss
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeannie G Radoc
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keewan Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lindsey A Sjaarda
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Daniel L Kuhr
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ukpebo R Omosigho
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edwina H Yeung
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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24
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Roediger MDA, Marucci MDFN, Gobbo LA, Dourado DAQS, Santos JLF, Duarte YADO, Lebrão ML. Reported diabetes mellitus: incidence and determinants in cohort of community dwelling elderly people in São Paulo City, Brazil: SABE study, health, wellness and aging. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 23:3913-3922. [PMID: 30427461 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182311.13062016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To verify the association between the incidence of DM and predictors, in a cohort of elderly people. Elderly people (≥ 60 y) were analyzed, of both genders, participants of the SABE Survey, carried out in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2000 (n = 2,143) and 2006 (n = 1,115). The study variables were: DM; demographic (gender, age group, education level, companionship in the residence), nutritional status (risk for obesity, body obesity, and high abdominal fat), clinical (number of reported diseases), and lifestyle (alcohol consumption, smoking, intake of meat and fruit and vegetables). Multiple logistic regression (p < 0.05) was used to verify the association between variables of this study, with the statistical software Stata/SE 10.1. In 2006, 914 subjects, survivors of 2000, were analyzed and 72 were identified as new cases of DM (7.7/1.000 person-years). It was found that body obesity (OR = 1.67, CI = 1.00 to 2.81) and high abdominal fat (OR = 2.32, CI = 1.47 to 3.67) were predictors of the incidence of DM in the elderly (p < 0.000). It was concluded that body obesity and abdominal fat are the variables which contribute to the development of DM in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela de Almeida Roediger
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
| | - Maria de Fátima Nunes Marucci
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
| | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Presidente Prudente SP Brasil
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Sex-specific moderation by lifestyle and psychosocial factors on the genetic contributions to adiposity in 112,151 individuals from UK Biobank. Sci Rep 2019; 9:363. [PMID: 30675005 PMCID: PMC6344557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, e.g. physical activity, moderate the manifestation of genetic susceptibility to obesity. The present study uses UK Biobank data to investigate interaction between polygenic scores (PGS) for two obesity indicators, and lifestyle and psychosocial factors in the prediction of the two indicators, with attention to sex-specific effects. Analyses were of 112 151 participants (58 914 females; 40 to 73 years) whose genetic data passed quality control. Moderation effects were analysed in linear regression models predicting body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), including interaction terms for PGS and each exposure. Greater physical activity, more education, higher income, moderate vs low alcohol consumption, and low material deprivation were each associated with a relatively lower risk for manifestation of genetic susceptibility to obesity (p < 0.001); the moderating effects of physical activity and alcohol consumption were greater in women than men (three-way interaction: p = 0.009 and p = 0.008, respectively). More income and less neuroticism were related to reduced manifestation of genetic susceptibility to high WHR (p = 0.007; p = 0.003); the effect of income was greater in women (three-way interaction: p = 0.001). Lifestyle and psychosocial factors appear to offset genetic risk for adiposity in mid to late adulthood, with some sex-specific associations.
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26
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Cohen SA, Greaney ML, Sabik NJ. Assessment of dietary patterns, physical activity and obesity from a national survey: Rural-urban health disparities in older adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208268. [PMID: 30517166 PMCID: PMC6281245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a critical public health issue, affecting over one-third of all Americans, and is an underlying cause of numerous health issues across the lifespan. For older adults, obesity is linked to premature declines in physical and mental health and cognitive functioning. The occurrence of obesity and related health behaviors and chronic diseases are higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Furthermore, rural areas of the United States have a higher proportion of older adults than urban areas. Few studies, to date, have explored rural-urban differences in the relationships between dietary patterns and obesity among older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess rural-urban differences in obesity rates in older adults, and the potential for the associations between obesity and physical activity and dietary patterns to vary by rural-urban status. METHODS Data were abstracted from respondents aged 65 and above from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database linked to Census-based county-level information on rural-urban status and socioeconomic status. Generalized linear models were utilized to assess rural-urban disparities in obesity, and the potential for associations between obesity and known risk factors (fruit consumption, green vegetable consumption and physical activity) to vary by rural-urban status, accounting for complex sampling and confounders. RESULTS Obesity rates were highest and fruit consumption was lowest in the most rural areas. However, for older adults in the most urban areas, there was a significant negative association between obesity and fruit and green vegetable consumption. This association was not observed in more rural older adults. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the need to take into account place-based factors such as rural-urban status, when designing and implementing policies and interventions designed to reduce obesity through risk factor mitigation in older adults. To reduce rural-urban disparities in older adults, all policies, programs, and interventions should address the unique barriers and needs specific to rural and urban older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Cohen
- Health Studies Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Greaney
- Health Studies Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Natalie J. Sabik
- Health Studies Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
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27
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Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism: evidence of gene-environment interaction effects on adult blood pressure and hypertension status in adulthood. J Hypertens 2018; 36:2168-2176. [PMID: 29939946 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants may modify the associations of adiposity measures with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is an attractive candidate. AIMS To examine interaction effects between I/D polymorphism and adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and skinfold thickness) during childhood and adulthood in relation to adult BP and hypertension. METHODS Data were available for 4835 participants from three prospective cohort studies. Multivariable linear regression models for adult SBP and DBP, and multivariable logistic regression models for hypertension were fit that included interaction effects between child or adult adiposity and I/D polymorphism. RESULTS Evidence for interaction effects on BP/hypertension were found across the three studies. Compared with childhood measures, the effect modification appeared to be more consistent when using adult adiposity. In particular, the adverse effects of greater adult waist circumference on increasing adult SBP and DBP appeared to be larger among carriers of ACE DD (or GG) [adjusted linear regression coefficients 0.26, 95% CI (0.21-0.31) and 0.28 (0.24-0.32) for SBP and DBP, respectively] and ID (or AG) genotypes [0.25 (0.21-0.29) and 0.25 (0.21-0.28), respectively], whereas those with II (or AA) genotypes had smaller effects [0.15 (0.09-0.21) and 0.19 (0.13-0.23)]. CONCLUSION ACE genetic variation may modify the effect of adult adiposity on increasing BP and risk of hypertension in adulthood. Individuals with ACE DD (or GG) and/or ID (or AG) genotypes, compared with those with II (or AA) genotype, appear more vulnerable to the impact of excess adiposity.
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28
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Rashiti P, Elezi S, Behluli I, Mucaj S. Relationship of Plasma Adiponectin and Waist-hip Ratio with Coronary Artery Disease. Med Arch 2018; 70:413-418. [PMID: 28210011 PMCID: PMC5292226 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2016.70.413-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate correlation between adiponectin and waist-hip-ratio with severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). There is uncertainty about the association between circulating concentrations of adiponectin and CAD. METHODS We enrolled eighty-two consecutive patients undergoing non-urgent coronary angiography for CAD survey. According to the angiography results, the patients were divided into two groups in 1:1 ratio patients admitted with a diagnosis of CAD and non-CAD. We conducted hospital based research, involving study group with documented angiographically CAD, and control group without evidence of CAD. Angiograms were also quantified for the extent and severity of CAD by the Gensini scoring system. We measured baseline adiponectin levels in stored serum samples of all patients, anthropometric and biochemical risk factors were assessed in both groups. RESULTS The presence of CAD was associated with current smoking, male gender, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Baseline adiponectin concentrations correlated significantly in terms of the lipid parameters, positively with HDL cholesterol concentrations (r=0.327, P=0.028, P<0.05) and serum triglyceride concentrations were correlated negatively (r=-0.513, P<0.001). No significant difference between median adiponectin levels at baseline was observed between cases and controls. CONCLUSION There is a significant positive correlation between waist-hip ratio and presence and severity of coronary artery disease. In conclusion, there is a significant positive correlation between adiponectin and Gensini score among Kosovar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premtim Rashiti
- The Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Republic of Kosova; Department of Anatomy, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Republic of Kosova
| | - Shpend Elezi
- The Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Republic of Kosova
| | - Ibrahim Behluli
- Department of Anatomy, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Republic of Kosova
| | - Sefedin Mucaj
- Department of Epidemiology National Institute of Public Health of Kosova
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29
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Diemer FS, Brewster LM, Haan YC, Oehlers GP, van Montfrans GA, Nahar-van Venrooij LMW. Body composition measures and cardiovascular risk in high-risk ethnic groups. Clin Nutr 2017; 38:450-456. [PMID: 29249531 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in Suriname, a middle-income country with predominantly people of African and Asian ancestry. We examined whether the more comprehensive body composition measures determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are superior to the more traditional BMI and waist measures in relation to cardiovascular risk. METHODS Data from the cross-sectional Healthy Life in Suriname (HELISUR) study were used to calculate BMI, waist-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and waist circumference. BIA was used to estimate fat percentage, fat-free mass index, and fat-to-fat-free mass ratio. High cardiovascular risk was defined as 1) a 10-year Framingham coronary heart disease risk score ≥10% in African-Surinamese and ≥12% in Asian-Surinamese, and 2) an increased arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity >10 m/s). Using logistic regression analysis, we pre-selected the strongest correlate (i.e. lowest p-value below 0.05) of all body composition items for both outcomes of cardiovascular risk separately, and subsequently, used forward logistic regression modelling to determine whether other measures added value to the initial model with the strongest correlate (-2 log-likelihood (-2LL) of initial model minus -2LL of new model, χ-square statistic >3.841, 1 df). Analyses were adjusted for sex, age and ethnicity. RESULTS We examined 691 participants (65% women; 48% African-Surinamese) with a mean age of 42 (SD 14) years. Waist circumference was the strongest correlate for high 10-year CVD risk in the total group, in men and African-Surinamese. In Asian-Surinamese, fat-free mass index was the strongest correlate of high 10-year CVD risk. Increased arterial stiffness was most strongly related with waist-to-height ratio in the total group and in African-Surinamese, and with BMI in men. None of the measures were significantly associated in women (for both outcomes) and Asian-Surinamese (for increased arterial stiffness). Forward selection showed that only BMI added value next to waist-to-height ratio in the total group in relation to increased arterial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS Waist measures, in particular waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, and BMI should be used in African and Asian-Surinamese to identify who is at increased cardiovascular risk. Overall, we found little advantage in using BIA measures rather than simple anthropometric measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Diemer
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital of Paramaribo, Suriname; Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L M Brewster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Y C Haan
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G P Oehlers
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital of Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - G A van Montfrans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L M W Nahar-van Venrooij
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
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30
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Rashiti P, Behluli I, Bytyqi AR. Assessment of the Correlation between Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Waist-Hip Ratio. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:929-933. [PMID: 29362621 PMCID: PMC5771297 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between waist/hip ratio (WHR) as a measurement of obesity and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) assessed by angiography in Kosovo. METHODS: The study included 82 patients with suspected or known CAD who were referred for coronary angiography. All patients were subjected to full individual medical history, clinical examination including measurement of arterial blood pressure, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, and waist/height ratio. Coronary angiography was performed using standard techniques to determine the presence and severity of coronary artery lesions with the Gensini score. RESULTS: Among the 82 patients in the study, the mean age in the CAD group was 66.76 ± 9.12 years and the mean age in the non-CAD group was 64.80 ± 8.30 years. Patients in the CAD group had a mean BMI of 28.17 ± 3.32 kg/m2 and those in the non-CAD group had a mean BMI of 28.76 ± 4.68 kg/m2. Patients in the CAD group had a mean waist/height ratio of 1.76 ± 7.56 and those in the non-CAD group had a mean waist/height ratio of 0.57 ± 0.08. Patient in the CAD group had a mean waist/hip ratio of 0.93 ± 0.06 and those in the non-CAD group had a mean waist/hip ratio of 0.88 ± 0.07. Thirty-seven patients (45.1%) had no coronary artery disease (Gensini score = 0), 15 (18.3%) had mild disease (Gensini score = 1-32), 14 (17.1%) had moderate disease (Gensini score = 32-58), and 16 (19.5%) had severe disease (Gensini score ≥ 58). CONCLUSION: There was a significant positive correlation between waist/hip ratio and presence of CAD in Kosovar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premtim Rashiti
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo.,Department of Anatomy, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ibrahim Behluli
- Department of Anatomy, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Albiona Rashiti Bytyqi
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health in Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Dubey B, Jackson MD, Zeigler-Johnson C, Devarajan K, Flores-Obando RE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Tulloch-Reid MK, Aiken W, Kimbro K, Jones DZ, Kidd LR, Ragin C. Inflammation polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in Jamaican men: Role of obesity/body size. Gene 2017; 636:96-102. [PMID: 28903065 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
African ancestry and obesity are associated with higher risk of prostate cancer (PC). In a pilot study, we explored interactions between obesity (as measured by waist to hip ratio (WHR)) and inflammatory SNPs in relation to PC risk among Jamaican men. This study evaluated 87 chemokine and cytokine associated SNPs in obese and normal weight cases (N=109) and controls (N=102) using a stepwise penalized logistic regression approach in multivariable analyses. Upon stratification by WHR (normal weight (WHR<0.90) or obese (WHR≥0.90)), inheritance of CCR6 rs2023305 AG+GG (OR=1.75, p=0.007), CCR9 rs7613548 AG+GG (OR=1.71, p=0.012) and IL10ra rs2229113 AG+GG (OR=1.45, p=0.01) genotypes was associated with increase in overall or low grade (Gleason score<7) PC risk among normal weight men. These odds were elevated among obese men who possessed the CCR5 rs1799987 AG+GG (OR=1.95, p=0.003) and RNASEL rs12135247 CT+TT genotypes (OR=1.59, p=0.05). CCR7 rs3136685 AG+GG (p=0.032) was associated with a 1.52-1.70 fold increase in the risk of high grade cancer (Gleason score≥7) among obese men. CCR7 variant emerged as an important factor associated with high grade PC risk among obese men in our analyses. Overall, genetic loci found significant in normal weight men were not significant in obese men and vice-versa, partially explaining the role of obesity on PC risk among black men. Also, older age was an important risk factor both in normal weight and obese men but only with regard to low grade PC. Associations of inflammatory SNPs with obesity are suggestive and require further validation in larger cohorts to help develop an understanding of PC risk among obese and non-obese men of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Dubey
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, PA, USA
| | - Maria D Jackson
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Norma McFarlane-Anderson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Marshall K Tulloch-Reid
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - William Aiken
- Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Section of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Kevin Kimbro
- Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dominique Z Jones
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - LaCreis R Kidd
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Camille Ragin
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The Association between Adiposity and the Risk of Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:9787450. [PMID: 28695005 PMCID: PMC5485359 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9787450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the potential association between adiposity and glaucoma incidence. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed and ISI Web of Science. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA software. Results Fifteen eligible studies involving 2,445,980 individuals were included to investigate the association between adiposity and glaucoma incidence. The relative risks (RRs) were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by using a random-effects model. The pooled RR between adiposity and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was 1.73 (95% CI, 1.18–2.54), whereas that between adiposity and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.83–1.13). The pooled RR between abdominal adiposity and glaucoma was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15–1.41), whereas that between general adiposity and glaucoma was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.87–1.37). Results of subgroup analysis by sex indicated the association between adiposity and glaucoma in the female group (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05–1.64), but not in the male group (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.77–1.60). The pooled RR of cohort studies and cross-sectional studies were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.84–1.20) and 1.22 (95% CI, 0.89–1.66), respectively. Conclusions Adiposity has a higher risk of elevated IOP, and abdominal adiposity has a positive association with glaucoma, especially in female patients.
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Joseph JT, Ganjifrockwala F, George G. Serum oxidized LDL and the factors associated with LDL oxidation in black South African type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-017-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Madero M, Katz R, Murphy R, Newman A, Patel K, Ix J, Peralta C, Satterfield S, Fried L, Shlipak M, Sarnak M. Comparison between Different Measures of Body Fat with Kidney Function Decline and Incident CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:893-903. [PMID: 28522656 PMCID: PMC5460706 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07010716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although anthropometric measures of body fat are associated with development of CKD, they may not be able to distinguish between various forms of fat and therefore may be less accurate than computed tomography (CT) measures. We compared the association of CT and anthropometric measures of obesity with kidney outcomes in the Health Aging and Body Composition Study. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Participants were recruited from March of 1997 through July of 1998. CT measures included visceral abdominal fat (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular fat area (IMAT), whereas anthropometric measures included waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Kidney outcomes included kidney function (KF) decline (30% decrease in eGFRcysC in follow-up at either year 3 or 10) or incident CKD (follow-up eGFRcysC≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in individuals with baseline GFR>60 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Multivariable logistic regression models and Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association with decline in KF and incident kidney disease, respectively. We also assessed for the independent associations among the exposure measures by including them in the same model. RESULTS Two-thousand four-hundred and eighty-nine individuals were included. Mean age was 74±3 years, 49% were men, 39% were black, 59% were hypertensive, and 15% were diabetic. KF decline occurred in 17% of the population, whereas incident CKD also occurred in 17% of those at risk. In continuous models, SAT, VAT, IMAT, BMI, and WC (per SD increase) were all significantly associated with KF decline. There was a significant interaction between VAT and CKD with regard to KF decline (P=0.01). Only VAT, BMI, and WC were associated with incident CKD. Only VAT remained a significant risk factor for incident CKD when other exposure variables were included in the same model. There was no association between any measure of obesity and kidney outcomes when creatinine values at years 3 and 10 were used to estimate changes in eGFR. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric measures of body fat appear to provide as consistent estimates of KF decline risk as CT measures in elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Madero
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are provided in the Supplemental Material
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Yu Z, Huang T, Zheng Y, Wang T, Heianza Y, Sun D, Campos H, Qi L. PCSK9 variant, long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in Costa Rican Hispanics. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1198-1203. [PMID: 28330911 PMCID: PMC5402034 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.148106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have indicated that the cardioprotective effects of long-chain (LC) n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may vary across various ethnic populations. Emerging evidence has suggested that the gene-environment interaction may partly explain such variations. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was shown to have a mutually regulating relation with LC n-3 PUFAs and also to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, we hypothesized that certain PCSK9 genetic variants may modify the association between LC n-3 PUFA intake and CVD risk.Objective: We determined whether a PCSK9 variant (rs11206510), which has been identified for early onset myocardial infarction (MI), modified the association of LC n-3 PUFAs with nonfatal MI risk in Costa Rican Hispanics.Design: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1932 case subjects with a first nonfatal MI and 2055 population-based control subjects who were living in Costa Rica to examine potential gene-environment interactions. Two-sided P values <0.05 were considered significant.Results: We observed a significant interaction between the PCSK9 rs11206510 genotype and LC n-3 PUFA intake on nonfatal MI risk (P-interaction = 0.012). The OR of nonfatal MI was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.98) per 0.1% increase in total energy intake from LC n-3 PUFAs in protective-allele (C-allele) carriers, whereas the corresponding OR (95% CI) in non-C-allele carriers was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.10). Similar results were observed when we examined the association between docosahexaenoic acid, which is one type of LC n-3 PUFA, and nonfatal MI risk (P-interaction = 0.003).Conclusion: LC n-3 PUFA intake is associated with a lower risk of nonfatal MI in C-allele carriers of PCSK9 rs11206510 (n = 799) but not in non-C-allele carriers (n = 3188).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tao Huang
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, and,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
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Baisakhiya S, Singh S, Manjhi P. Correlation between Age, Gender, Waist-Hip Ratio and Intra Ocular Pressure in Adult North Indian Population. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 10:CC05-CC08. [PMID: 28208848 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/21487.8991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraocular pressure (IOP) is affected by various systemic and local factors. The significance of studying the factors affecting IOP is because of its association with potentially blinding condition known as glaucoma. AIM Present study was conducted with the aim to find out the correlation between gender, age, Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) and IOP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 300 healthy individuals between 40-79years of age. The subjects were divided into 2 categories according to gender i.e., male and female. The subjects were divided into 4 categories according to age i.e., 40-49years, 50-59years, 60-69years and 70-79years. The subjects were divided into two groups according to Waist-hip ratio (WHR) as per WHO guidelines: WHR <0.9 and WHR >0.9 in males and WHR <0.85 and WHR >0.85 in females. IOP was recorded in each group using Goldmann Applanation tonometer and statistical comparisons were made to find correlation between gender, age, Waist-hip ratio and IOP. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between IOP of males and females (p=0.235). The age and IOP were positively correlated with each other i.e., IOP increases with increasing age (r=0.511, p<0.001). Higher WHR is associated with significantly higher IOP in both the genders (males r =0.644, p<0.001; females r=0.794, p<0.001). CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in IOP amongst males and females. Increasing age and higher WHR are risk factors for raised IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Baisakhiya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research , Mullana (Ambala) Haryana, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research , Mullana (Ambala) Haryana, India
| | - Prafulla Manjhi
- Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of medical sciences and research , Mullana (Ambala) Haryana, India
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Al-Rubean K, Youssef AM, Al Farsi Y, Al-Sharqawi AH, Bawazeer N, Al Otaibi MT, AlRumaih FI, Zaidi MS. Anthropometric cutoff values for predicting metabolic syndrome in a Saudi community: from the SAUDI-DM study. Ann Saudi Med 2017; 37:21-30. [PMID: 28151453 PMCID: PMC6148981 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies widely by ethnicity and by the criteria used in its definition. OBJECTIVE To identify the optimal cutoff values for waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) for identifying metabolic syndrome among the Saudi population. DESIGN Nationwide household cross-sectional population-based survey. SETTING Thirteen health sectors in Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We used data for subjects in the Saudi Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Diabetes Impact Study (SAUDI-DM), which was conducted from 2007 to 2009. Using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, metabolic syndrome and its different components were assessed using anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess sensitivity and specificity for different cutoff values of WC, WHR, and BMI. The Youden index was used to calculate the optimal cutoff value for each anthropometric measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Optimal cutoff value for WC, WHR, and BMI for identifying the risk of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS The prevalence of two or more risk factors for metabolic syndrome was observed in 43.42% of the total cohort of 12126 study participants >=18 years of age. The presence of two or more risk factors were significantly higher among men (46.81%) than women (40.53%) (P < .001). The optimal cutoff values for WC, WHR, and BMI were 92 cm, 0.89, and 25 kg/m2 for men and 87 cm, 0.81 and 28 kg/m2 for women for identifying the risk of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose significantly increased with age for both genders. CONCLUSIONS The proposed WC cutoff values were better than WHR and BMI in predicting metabolic syndrome and could be used for screening people at high risk for metabolic syndrome in the Saudi population. LIMITATIONS No direct measure of body fatness and fat distribution, cross-sectional design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira M. Youssef
- Department of Registry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousuf Al Farsi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Al-Sharqawi
- Department of Biostatistics, Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Bawazeer
- Department of Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Spahillari A, Mukamal KJ, DeFilippi C, Kizer JR, Gottdiener JS, Djoussé L, Lyles MF, Bartz TM, Murthy VL, Shah RV. The association of lean and fat mass with all-cause mortality in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:1039-1047. [PMID: 27484755 PMCID: PMC5079822 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding contributions of lean and fat tissue to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality may help clarify areas of prevention in older adults. We aimed to define distributions of lean and fat tissue in older adults and their contributions to cause-specific mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1335 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were included. We used principal components analysis (PCA) to define two independent sources of variation in DEXA-derived body composition, corresponding to principal components composed of lean ("lean PC") and fat ("fat PC") tissue. We used Cox proportional hazards regression using these PCs to investigate the relationship between body composition with cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. Mean age was 76.2 ± 4.8 years (56% women) with mean body mass index 27.1 ± 4.4 kg/m2. A greater lean PC was associated with lower all-cause (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.98, P = 0.01) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74-0.95, P = 0.005). The lowest quartile of the fat PC (least adiposity) was associated with a greater hazard of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48, P = 0.02) relative to fat PCs between the 25th-75th percentile, but the highest quartile did not have a significantly greater hazard (P = 0.70). CONCLUSION Greater lean tissue mass is associated with improved cardiovascular and overall mortality in the elderly. The lowest levels of fat tissue mass are linked with adverse prognosis, but the highest levels show no significant mortality protection. Prevention efforts in the elderly frail may be best targeted toward improvements in lean muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spahillari
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - K J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - C DeFilippi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - J R Kizer
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
| | - J S Gottdiener
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - L Djoussé
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - M F Lyles
- Department of Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - T M Bartz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - V L Murthy
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center and Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine Division), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - R V Shah
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Croghan IT, Ebbert JO, Schroeder DR, Hurt RT, Hagstrom V, Clark MM. A randomized, open-label pilot of the combination of low-level laser therapy and lorcaserin for weight loss. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:42. [PMID: 27708788 PMCID: PMC5043601 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a significant public health problem and innovative treatments are needed. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of a combined treatment of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and lorcaserin on weight loss, health quality of life (QOL) measures, and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Forty-five overweight and obese adult participants with a body mass index (BMI) >26.9 and <40 were randomized to receive LLLT, lorcaserin, or a combination of the two therapies. All study participants received treatment for 3 months and were followed for 3 months post-treatment. Participants were recruited from June 2014 through September 2014. Results The majority of the 44 participants accrued to this study were female (84 %) with an average age of 43.9 years (range 22 to 64 years). Most participants (93 % LLLT alone, 87 % LLLT + lorcaserin) completed at least 80 % of the LLLT treatments. From baseline to end of treatment, significant reductions in waist circumference were noted for each treatment group (-2.3 ± 4.1 cm, -6.0 ± 7.3 cm, and -4.0 ± 5.5 cm for LLLT, lorcaserin and combination respectively); however, the reduction in body weight was only significant in those receiving lorcaserin and combination treatment (-0.4 ± 1.5 kg, -1.3 ± 1.2 kg and -1.3 ± 1.3 kg). No significant differences were noted between the groups. Self-reported satisfaction was higher in the lorcaserin versus the LLLT group. Conclusion This small pilot demonstrates that when combined with behavioral intervention, Lorcaserin and LLLT may be effective components of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of overweight and obesity in the clinical setting. Further studies with larger sample size and longer duration of treatment and follow-up are needed to further address efficacy. Trial Registry Information Trial registration: NCT02129608. Registered June 15, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana T Croghan
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Research Office, Clinical Trials Unit, Nicotine Research Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Jon O Ebbert
- Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Darrell R Schroeder
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Ryan T Hurt
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Victoria Hagstrom
- A New Medspa Clinic, 3135 Superior Drive NW, Suite C, Rochester, MN 55901 USA
| | - Matthew M Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Shatenstein B, Kergoat MJ, Reid I. Outcome of a Targeted Nutritional Intervention Among Older Adults With Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease: The Nutrition Intervention Study. J Appl Gerontol 2016; 36:782-807. [PMID: 26912730 DOI: 10.1177/0733464816628512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-month dietary intervention program was designed for community-dwelling older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Sixty-seven persons aged 70 years and above were recruited with their caregivers from six hospital memory and geriatric outpatient clinics, and allocated to intervention ( n = 34 dyads) or control group ( n = 33 dyads). Usual diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and current diet by two nonconsecutive diet recalls or records corroborated by caregivers, at recruitment (T1) and exit from the study (T2). Intervention participants received targeted dietary recommendations; control participants received Canada's Food Guide leaflets. The program was assessed using paired and independent t tests and nonparametric statistics. Fat intakes increased at T2 within intervention participants (54 ± 16 vs. 67 ± 23 g, p = .013), and there was a tendency for higher energy, protein, and calcium intakes at T2 within this group. Proportions with adequate protein intakes almost doubled from T1 to T2 in intervention group women ( p = .028) but decreased in female controls ( p = .030). Longer follow-up is necessary to determine persistence of benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryna Shatenstein
- 1 Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,2 Centre de recherchr, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
- 1 Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,2 Centre de recherchr, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Reid
- 2 Centre de recherchr, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Heuch I, Heuch I, Hagen K, Zwart JA. A Comparison of Anthropometric Measures for Assessing the Association between Body Size and Risk of Chronic Low Back Pain: The HUNT Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141268. [PMID: 26506618 PMCID: PMC4623972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous work indicates that overweight and obese individuals carry an increased risk of experiencing chronic low back pain (LBP). It is not known, however, how the association with body size depends on the choice of anthropometric measure used. Objective This work compares relationships with LBP for several measures of body size. Different results may indicate underlying mechanisms for the association between body size and risk of LBP. Methods In a cohort study, baseline information was collected in the community-based HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) surveys in Norway. Participants were 10,059 women and 8725 men aged 30–69 years without LBP, and 3883 women and 2662 men with LBP at baseline. Associations with LBP at end of follow-up were assessed by generalized linear modeling, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results Relationships between waist-hip-ratio and occurrence of LBP at end of follow-up were weak and non-significant after adjustment for age, education, work status, physical activity, smoking, lipid levels and blood pressure. Positive associations with LBP at end of follow-up were all significant for body weight, BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference after similar adjustment, both in women without and with LBP at baseline, and in men without LBP at baseline. After additional mutual adjustment for anthropometric measures, the magnitude of the association with body weight increased in women without LBP at baseline (RR: 1.130 per standard deviation, 95% CI: 0.995–1.284) and in men (RR: 1.124, 95% CI 0.976–1.294), with other measures showing weak associations only. Conclusion Central adiposity is unlikely to play a major role in the etiology of LBP. Total fat mass may be one common factor underlying the associations observed. The association with body weight remaining after mutual adjustment may reflect mechanical or structural components behind the relationship between overweight or obesity and LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Heuch
- Department of Neurology and FORMI, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Heuch
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian National Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Neurology and FORMI, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Dhana K, Kavousi M, Ikram MA, Tiemeier HW, Hofman A, Franco OH. Body shape index in comparison with other anthropometric measures in prediction of total and cause-specific mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 70:90-6. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Analysis of Pediatric Waist to Hip Ratio Relationship to Metabolic Syndrome Markers. J Pediatr Health Care 2015; 29:319-24. [PMID: 25620719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Waist to hip ratio (WHR) is a valid assessment tool to determine risk for the development or presence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in adults. Evidence-based research on its validity with children and adolescents is limited. A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine if WHR in overweight and obese pediatric patients is associated with metabolic syndrome laboratory markers. METHODS Retrospective chart reviews were performed for 754 patients ages 6 to 17 years who were enrolled in a weight management program. Data collected included WHR, laboratory markers for metabolic disorder, body mass index, demographics, presence of acanthosis nigricans, and Tanner stage. RESULTS WHR and high-density lipoprotein were negatively correlated, r (N = 597) = -0.20, p < .001. WHR and triglycerides were positively correlated, r (N = 597) = 0.19, p < .001, as were WHR and low-density lipoprotein, r (N = 596) = 0.09, p = .03, and WHR and insulin, r (N = 414) = 0.16, p = .001. In a subject sample with very restricted range, a one-way analysis of variance found a significant effect of WHR on body mass index percentile, F (1, 754) = 22.43, p < .001, η(2) = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS Increased WHR correlated in children and adolescents with known indicators that could be suggestive of increased risk for metabolic syndrome, specifically low high-density lipoprotein, high low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and insulin. These results suggest that evaluation of WHR may be a useful tool to indicate risk for developing metabolic syndrome and diabetes in children and adolescents.
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Effects of Organized Physical Activity on Selected Health Indices among Women Older than 55 Years. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:625032. [PMID: 26106642 PMCID: PMC4461793 DOI: 10.1155/2015/625032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to determine health benefits among women older than 55 years who participated in organized, group-based physical activity (OPA). Thirty-five women aged 65.0 ± 7.3 years volunteered for this study. The classical and nonclassical cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors were measured before and after a 2-week OPA camp in a remote location and 3 months of OPA. Self-guided physical activity was analyzed 18 months after OPA. Two-week effects included significant decreases in body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and resting heart rate, improved exercise capacity (EC), improved low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), cholesterol, and other atherogenic lipid indices (ALI), and a reduction in 10-year estimated risk of death from CVD. Three-month effects included a further decrease in systolic BP, improvements in EC and HDL-C, and maintenance of lower levels of ALI, as well as lower CVD risk.
The implementation of the OPA programme had a positive impact on somatic features, exercise capacity, biochemical indices, and risk for death from CVD. The presented programme can be regarded as an effective element of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among women older than 55 years.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult attachment discourse patterns and current family relationship quality were examined as correlates of health behaviors and number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria met, and as mediators of the link between childhood adversity and these health outcomes. METHODS A sample of 215 white/European American and black/African American adults aged 35 to 55 years were examined using a cross-sectional study design. Discourse was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview, using coherence (a marker of attachment security), unresolved trauma/loss (a marker of disorganized cognitions related to trauma or loss), and idealization (minimizing stressful experiences and their impact) scores. Relationship quality, adverse childhood experiences, and current depressive symptoms were assessed, as were health behaviors of diet, exercise, and smoking. MetS includes obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Using path analysis and including childhood adversity severity and depressive symptoms in the model, both Adult Attachment Interview coherence and unresolved trauma/loss were directly linked to the number of MetS criteria (r = 0.186 and r = 0.170, respectively). Idealization was indirectly linked to MetS through poor diet (r = 0.183). The final model explained 21% of the variance in scores for the number of MetS criteria met. CONCLUSIONS Insecure adult attachment is associated with increased risk of MetS.
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Chu FL, Hsu CH, Jeng C. Lowered cutoff points of obesity indicators are better predictors of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in premenopausal Taiwanese women. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 9:328-35. [PMID: 25154649 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In previous study, we found that in order to prevent MS in women aged <65 years, the cutoff points of obesity indicators should be lowered. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether our proposed cutoff points of obesity indicators predict the occurrence of hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia in premenopausal women with greater sensitivity and specificity compared to reference cutoff points of obesity that are currently being used. METHODS Using the database of the "2002 Survey on the Prevalence of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Taiwan" provided by the Bureau of Health Promotion, Taiwan as research material, data from 2270 premenopausal women aged 20-65 years were used for the analyses. The receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) of the body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to predict HT, DM, and hyperlipidemia. RESULTS Obesity is not a good predictor of the occurrence of hyperlipidemia in premenopausal women aged <65 years. However, our proposed cutoff points had greater sensitivity and specificity than did the reference cutoff points. To prevent the risk of HT and DM in premenopausal women, the cutoff points of obesity indicators should be reduced. The proposed values are as follows: a WHR of 0.79; a WC of 74.7 cm; a WHtR of 0.49; and a BMI of 22.3 kg/m(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ling Chu
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Huei Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. Muscle mass index as a predictor of longevity in older adults. Am J Med 2014; 127:547-53. [PMID: 24561114 PMCID: PMC4035379 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity (as defined by body mass index) has not been associated consistently with higher mortality in older adults. However, total body mass includes fat and muscle, which have different metabolic effects. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that greater muscle mass in older adults is associated with lower all-cause mortality. METHODS All-cause mortality was analyzed by the year 2004 in 3659 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III who were aged 55 years or more (65 years if women) at the time of the survey (1988-1994). Individuals who were underweight or died in the first 2 years of follow-up were excluded to remove frail elders from the sample. Skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance, and muscle mass index was defined as muscle mass divided by height squared. Modified Poisson regression and proportional hazards regression were used to examine the relationship of muscle mass index with all-cause mortality risk and rate, respectively, adjusted for central obesity (waist hip ratio) and other significant covariates. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, total mortality was significantly lower in the fourth quartile of muscle mass index compared with the first quartile: adjusted risk ratio 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.91) and adjusted hazard ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.97). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the survival predication ability of relative muscle mass and highlights the need to look beyond total body mass in assessing the health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Srikanthan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif.
| | - Arun S Karlamangla
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
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Colpani V, Oppermann K, Spritzer PM. Causes of death and associated risk factors among climacteric women from Southern Brazil: a population based-study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:194. [PMID: 24559309 PMCID: PMC3946596 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and menopause are particular cardiovascular risk factors for women, due to estrogen deprivation at the time of menopause. Studies show that diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), and serum lipids are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main cause of female mortality in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the mortality rate, causes of death and associated risk factors in a cohort of women from Brazil. METHODS A longitudinal population-based study of menopausal status is currently underway in a city in South Brazil. In 2010, a third follow-up of this population was performed to assess cardiovascular risk and mortality rate between 1995 and 2011. For this analysis, 358 participants were studied. At baseline, participants had completed a standardized questionnaire including demographic, lifestyle, medical and reproductive characteristics. In addition to the contacts with relatives, mortality data were obtained through review of medical records in all city hospitals and the Center for Health Information (NIS/RS-SES). Multivariate-adjusted hazard risk (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS There were 17 (4.7%) deaths from all causes during the study period. Seven (41.2%) deaths were caused by CVD, including four cases of stroke and three cases of myocardial infarction. Six (35.3%) deaths were due to cancer, and four (23.5%) were due to other reasons. In the age and smoking-adjusted multivariate models, diabetes (HR 6.645, 95% CI: 1.938-22.79, p=0.003), alcohol intake (HR 1.228, 95% CI: 1.014-1.487, p=0.035) and postmenopausal status (HR=6.216, 95% CI: 0.963-40.143, p=0.055) were associated with all-cause mortality. A significant association was found between abdominal obesity (WHR≥0.85) and mortality even after the adjustment for BMI (HR=9.229, 95% IC: 2.083-41.504, p=0.003). CONCLUSION CVD was an important cause of mortality in this cohort and DM and/or central adiposity were associated with all-cause mortality. Lifestyle and dietary factors seem to be related to risk of mortality in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Colpani
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Oppermann
- Medical School of Universidade de Passo Fundo and São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, Rua Teixeira Soares 885/704, CEP 99010-081 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Mostad IL, Langaas M, Grill V. Central obesity is associated with lower intake of whole-grain bread and less frequent breakfast and lunch: results from the HUNT study, an adult all-population survey. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:819-28. [PMID: 24833275 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
All-population and area-based investigations of diet in central obesity are scarce. We used cross-sectional data from 50 339 individuals who responded to the HUNT3 survey of 2006-2008, which recruited from all county-residing adults 20 years and older, to investigate whether those with central obesity eat and drink differently than others. Answers to dietary questions were recoded and analyzed with multiple linear regression, using waist/hip ratio (WHR), age, and sex as explanatory variables. Frequencies of consumption or amounts of food, beverages, and meals were compared among WHR quartiles. Central obesity was present in the quartile with the highest WHR, WHR4 (WHR ≥ 0.917 for women and 0.981 for men) but not in the quartile with the lowest WHR, WHR1 (WHR < 0.817 for women and 0.895 for men). Dietary variables differed markedly by age and sex. After adjustment for these factors and for multiple testing, we found significant differences between WHR4 and WHR1 for 19 of 30 dietary variables. Central obesity was associated with a lower intake of any bread, and of whole-grain bread in particular. Intake of fruits and berries, vegetables, and pasta and rice was less, and intake of sausages and hamburgers and boiled potatoes was more frequent. Intake of alcohol, tea, and fruit juice was lower in those with central obesity, whereas intake of sugar-free soft drinks and coffee was higher. The frequency of breakfast and lunch was lower and of nightly meals was higher in those with central obesity. In conclusion, in this large area-based population, central obesity was associated with differences in dietary habits, some of which (such as decreased consumption of whole-grain bread and increased intake of sugar-free drinks) are of possible clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Løvold Mostad
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition, Clinic of Clinical Service, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Box 3250 Sluppen, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway
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