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Krause S, Ouellet V, Allen D, Allen S, Moss K, Nel HA, Manaseki-Holland S, Lynch I. The potential of micro- and nanoplastics to exacerbate the health impacts and global burden of non-communicable diseases. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101581. [PMID: 38781963 PMCID: PMC11228470 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) constitute one of the highest burdens of disease globally and are associated with inflammatory responses in target organs. There is increasing evidence of significant human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MnPs). This review of environmental MnP exposure and health impacts indicates that MnP particles, directly and indirectly through their leachates, may exacerbate inflammation. Meanwhile, persistent inflammation associated with NCDs in gastrointestinal and respiratory systems potentially increases MnP uptake, thus influencing MnP access to distal organs. Consequently, a future increase in MnP exposure potentially augments the risk and severity of NCDs. There is a critical need for an integrated one-health approach to human health and environmental research for assessing the drivers of human MnP exposure and their bidirectional links with NCDs. Assessing these risks requires interdisciplinary efforts to identify and link drivers of environmental MnP exposure and organismal uptake to studies of impacted disease mechanisms and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Birmingham Institute for Sustainability and Climate Action (BISCA), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Valerie Ouellet
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Deonie Allen
- WESP - Centre for Water, Environment, Sustainability & Public Health, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Steven Allen
- WESP - Centre for Water, Environment, Sustainability & Public Health, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
| | - Kerry Moss
- Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Holly A Nel
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Semira Manaseki-Holland
- Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute for Global Innovation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Birmingham Institute for Sustainability and Climate Action (BISCA), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Zhou RX, Liao HJ, Hu JJ, Xiong H, Cai XY, Ye DW. Global Burden of Lung Cancer Attributable to Household Fine Particulate Matter Pollution in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990 to 2019. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:883-897. [PMID: 38311022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Household particulate matter (PM) air pollution is substantially associated with lung cancer. Nevertheless, the global burden of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 is still uncertain. METHODS In this study, data from the Global Burden and Disease Study 2019 are used to thoroughly assess the burden of lung cancer associated with household PM2.5. RESULTS The number of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to household PM2.5 was found to be 0.08 million and 1.94 million, respectively in 2019. Nevertheless, the burden of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 decreased from 1990 to 2019. At the sociodemographic index (SDI) district level, the middle SDI region had the most number of lung cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to household PM2.5. Moreover, the burden of lung cancer was mainly distributed in low-SDI regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Conversely, in high-SDI regions, the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 exhibit the most rapid declines. The burden of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 is heavier for men than for women. The sex difference is more obvious in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 has exhibited a declining trend from 1990 to 2019 owing to a concurrent decline in household PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Xuan Zhou
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jin Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Yu Cai
- Department of VIP Inpatient, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Ye
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Ma J, Song YD, Bai XM. Global, regional, and national burden and trends of early-onset tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer from 1990 to 2019. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:601-613. [PMID: 38303633 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) is one of the main cancer health problems worldwide, but data on the burden and trends of early-onset tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (EO-TBL) are sparse. The aim of the present study was to provide the latest and the most comprehensive burden estimates of the EO-TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Overall, we used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in EO-TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019. Evaluation metrics included incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends. Decomposition analysis was employed to analyze the driving factors for EO-TBL cancer burden alterations. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analysis was used to estimate trends in the next 20 years. RESULTS The global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) for EO-TBL cancer decreased significantly from 3.95 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 3.70-4.24), 3.41 (95% UI: 3.19-3.67), 158.68 (95% UI: 148.04-170.92) in 1990 to 2.82 (95% UI: 2.54-3.09), 2.28 (95% UI: 2.07-2.49), 106.47 (95% UI: 96.83-116.51) in 2019 with average annual percent change (AAPC) of -1.14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.32 to -0.95), -1.37% (95% CI: -1.55 to -1.18), and - 1.35% (95% CI: -1.54 to -1.15) separately. The high and high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) region had a higher burden of EO-TBL cancer but demonstrated a downward trend. The most prominent and significant upward trends were Southeast and South Asia, Africa, and women in the low SDI and low-middle SDI quintiles. At the regional and national level, there were significant positive correlations between ASDR, ASIR, ASMR, and SDI. Decomposition analysis showed that population growth and aging have driven the increase in the number of incidence, mortality, and DALYs in the global population, especially among the middle SDI quintile and the East Asia region. The BAPC results showed that ASDR, ASIR, and ASMR in women would increase but the male population remained relatively flat over the next 20 years. CONCLUSIONS Although global efforts have been the most successful and effective in reducing the burden of EO-TBL cancer over the past three decades, there was strong regional and gender heterogeneity. EO-TBL cancer need more medical attention in the lower SDI quintiles and in the female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-da Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Dai Y, Lu H, Zhang J, Ding J, Wang Z, Zhang B, Qi X, Chang X, Wu C, Zhou Z. Sex-specific associations of maternal and childhood urinary arsenic levels with emotional problems among 6-year-age children: Evidence from a longitudinal cohort study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115658. [PMID: 37925797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure has been linked to neurobehavior development disorders among children in cross-sectional studies, but there is little information on the effects of prenatal and childhood arsenic exposure on childhood behavior problem, especially emotional problems. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between prenatal and childhood arsenic exposure and behavior problems among six-year-old children. METHODS 389 mother-child pairs from a longitudinal birth cohort were enrolled in the study. The concentrations of arsenic in maternal and 6-year-old children's urine were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Neurobehavioral development in 6-year-old children was assessed by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Generalized linear regression models were used to relate arsenic exposure to the score of different domains in CBCL. RESULTS The median concentrations of maternal and 6-year-old children's urinary arsenic were 22.22 and 33.86 μg/L, respectively. After adjusting for potential covariates, natural logarithm transformed concurrent urinary arsenic levels were significantly associated with scores of anxious and depressed problems in 6-year-old girls (β = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.12-1.31, p = 0.018). Furthermore, in terms of the trajectory of arsenic exposure, compared with the "consistently low" group, the "low to high" group (β = 2.73, 95% CI: -3.99 to 9.45, p = 0.425) had a greater effect on total score of CBCL than "high to low" group (β = -0.93, 95% CI: -7.22 to 5.36, p = 0.771) in girls, although insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that concurrent arsenic exposure might have an adverse effect of emotional status in girls. Further studies are needed to verify the findings and explore the mechanisms of the sex-specific association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Dai
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jiayun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Qu C, He R, Hou W, Ye W, Cao H, Zhang H, Zhang N, Cheng Q, Zhang Q, Luo P. Global burden of neoplasms attributable to specific occupational carcinogens over 30 years: a population-based study. Public Health 2023; 223:145-155. [PMID: 37657137 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to analyze the global burden of occupational neoplasms from various epidemiological perspectives. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, secondary analyses were conducted to assess the burden of neoplasms attributable to occupational carcinogens and their distribution characteristics using data from GBD 2019 and the World Bank database. METHODS Based on the GBD 2019 and the World Bank database, we analyzed the global burden of occupational neoplasms including the age-period-cohort model, decomposition analysis, health inequality analysis, and panel model. All analyses were conducted in R (version 4.0.3) and Joinpoint (version 4.9.1). RESULTS The absolute number of neoplasms burden attributable to occupational carcinogens has continued to rise over 30 years. In 2019, occupational neoplasms caused 333,867 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 263,491 to 404,641] mortalities and 6,964,775 (95% UI: 5,467,884 to 8,580,431) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. Greenland, Monaco, the Netherlands, and Andorra suffered the highest burden. The burden was higher in countries with a higher sociodemographic index. The age effect was prominent in the elderly, and the 1925 birth cohort had the highest cohort effect. Population growth was the most significant driver of the mortalities (89%) and DALYs (111%) change. Moreover, the proportion of urban population was significantly positively associated with the disease burden, while GDP per capita was negatively correlated with the disease burden. CONCLUSIONS The burden of occupational neoplasms was unevenly distributed across locations and populations. The need for rational allocation of healthcare resources was urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - R He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - N Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Q Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - P Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Margiana R, Yousefi H, Afra A, Agustinus A, Abdelbasset WK, Kuznetsova M, Mansourimoghadam S, Ajam Ekrami H, Mohammadi MJ. The effect of toxic air pollutants on fertility men and women, fetus and birth rate. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:565-576. [PMID: 35724665 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human health is affected by various factors such as air pollutants. Exposure to toxic air pollutants is impaired fertility in men and women. The purpose of this review study was investigation of the effect of toxic air pollutants on fertility and birth rate. Databases used to for searched were the PubMed, Web of Science, Springer and Science Direct (Scopus) and Google Scholar. Identify all relevant studies published 1999-2022. In this study, according to databases five hundred articles were retrieved. 33 studies were screened after review and 19 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 11 articles were selected in this study. The literature signs a notable health effects from toxic air pollutants and increase risk of infertility in men and women and having a variety of reproductive system cancers such as prostate, bladder, ovary, kidney and uterus. According to the finding toxic air pollutants can increase the risk infertility in men and women, incidence of cancers of reproductive system and decrease the birth rate. Activities that play an important role in reducing the health effects of toxic air pollutants such as infertility in men and women and reducing the population rate of communities are improving the quality of fuel used in the home, car, industries, changing production processes in large industries, installing catalysts to reduce emissions in cars, use more public transportation, plant trees and increase green space per capita, increase public awareness about various effects of toxic air pollutants and protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Homayon Yousefi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arghavan Afra
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Agustinus Agustinus
- Andrology Program-Department of Biology Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariya Kuznetsova
- Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Hafez Ajam Ekrami
- Student research komiteh, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health AND Environmental Technology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Rahman HH, Toohey W, Munson-McGee SH. Exposure to arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, and association with skin cancers in the US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101681-101708. [PMID: 37653200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, skin cancer affects millions of people yearly and is broadly classified into melanoma and nonmelanoma types of skin cancer. The toxicity of metals to human health is a public and clinical health problem due to their widespread use in tools, machinery, and appliances as well as their widespread distribution in the air, water, and soil. Arsenic is a carcinogenic metalloid and available in the Earth's crust. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic to humans, and incomplete combustion of fossil fuels is the main source of PAHs. Human populations exposed to metals from various sources can lead to various diseases including cancer. Limited studies are conducted to simultaneously assess the correlation of multiple arsenic, PAHs, metals with the occurrence of skin cancer. This study aimed to analyze the association between six PAHs compounds, seven types of arsenic, and fourteen metals from urine specimen with skin cancer in US adults. We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from a total of 14,716 adults from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) database for three cycles ranging from 2011-2012 to 2015-2016. Specialized weighted complex survey logit regressions were conducted. Linear logit regression models using only main effects were performed first to identify the correlation between the selected demographic and lifestyle variables and melanoma, nonmelanoma, and unknown types of skin cancer. A second set of linear, main-effects logit regression models were constructed to examine the correlation between melanoma, nonmelanoma, and other types of skin cancers and seven types of arsenic (arsenous acid, arsenic acid, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylacrsonic acid, and total arsenic), six PAHs (1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenathrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene), and fourteen metals (barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, manganese, lead, antimony, tin, strontium, thallium, tungsten, uranium, and mercury) when adjusted for the selected covariates. The statistical analysis was conducted using R software, version 4.0.4. A marginal positive significant correlation between total arsenic and nonmelanoma was observed. This study identified a significant positive association between barium, cadmium, cesium, mercury, tin, and melanoma development. Cesium showed a significant positive statistical association for nonmelanoma, and thallium showed a borderline significant statistical association for nonmelanoma. A statistically significant positive association was found between cadmium and an unknown type of skin cancer. The findings of this study indicated a statistically significant positive association between skin cancer and barium, cadmium, cesium, tin, mercury, and thallium. Further studies are recommended in humans to refute or confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walker Toohey
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3501 Arrowhead Dr, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
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Fan Y, Jiang Y, Gong L, Wang Y, Su Z, Li X, Wu H, Pan H, Wang J, Meng Z, Zhou Q, Qiao Y. Epidemiological and demographic drivers of lung cancer mortality from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1054200. [PMID: 37213644 PMCID: PMC10196253 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1054200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the effects of demographic drivers on lung cancer mortality trends is critical for lung cancer control. We have examined the drivers of lung cancer mortality at the global, regional, and national levels. Methods Data on lung cancer death and mortality were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for lung cancer and all-cause mortality were calculated to measure temporal trends in lung cancer from 1990 to 2019. Decomposition analysis was used to analyze the contributions of epidemiological and demographic drivers to lung cancer mortality. Results Despite a non-significant decrease in ASMR [EAPC = -0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.1 to 0.49], the number of deaths from lung cancer increased by 91.8% [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 74.5-109.0%] between 1990 and 2019. This increase was due to the changes in the number of deaths attributable to population aging (59.6%), population growth (56.7%), and non-GBD risks (3.49%) compared with 1990 data. Conversely, the number of lung cancer deaths due to GBD risks decreased by 19.8%, mainly due to tobacco (-12.66%), occupational risks (-3.52%), and air pollution (-3.47%). More lung cancer deaths (1.83%) were observed in most regions, which were due to high fasting plasma glucose levels. The temporal trend of lung cancer ASMR and the patterns of demographic drivers varied by region and gender. Significant associations were observed between the contributions of population growth, GBD risks and non-GBD risks (negative), population aging (positive), and ASMR in 1990, the sociodemographic index (SDI), and the human development index (HDI) in 2019. Conclusion Population aging and population growth increased global lung cancer deaths from 1990 to 2019, despite a decrease in age-specific lung cancer death rates due to GBD risks in most regions. A tailored strategy is needed to reduce the increasing burden of lung cancer due to outpacing demographic drivers of epidemiological change globally and in most regions, taking into account region- or gender-specific risk patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Su
- Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Disease, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongli Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Sichuan Lung Cancer Institute, Sichuan Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youlin Qiao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Global Health, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Janosikova M, Nakladalova M, Stepanek L. Current causes of mesothelioma: how has the asbestos ban changed the perspective? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023. [PMID: 36883200 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of mesothelioma, a lethal lung disease, with asbestos has led to an absolute ban on asbestos in at least 55 countries worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to review residual exposure to asbestos as well as other emerging causes of mesothelioma outside asbestos. The review provides detailed description of asbestos minerals, their geographical locations, mesothelioma in these areas, as well as contemporary possible sources of asbestos exposure. Second, we examine other emerging causes of mesothelioma including: ionizing radiation as the second most important risk factor after asbestos, particularly relevant to patients undergoing radiotherapy, third, carbon nanotubes which are under investigation and fourth, Simian virus 40. In the case of asbestos per se, the greatest risk is from occupational exposure during mining and subsequent processing. Of the non-occupational exposures, environmental exposure is most serious, followed by exposure from indoor asbestos minerals and secondary familial exposure. Overall, asbestos is still a major risk factor, but alternative causes should not be neglected, especially in young people, in women and those with a history of radiotherapy or living in high-risk locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Janosikova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Nakladalova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Stepanek
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Cazzolla Gatti R, Di Paola A, Monaco A, Velichevskaya A, Amoroso N, Bellotti R. The spatial association between environmental pollution and long-term cancer mortality in Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158439. [PMID: 36113788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumours are nowadays the second world‑leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. During the last decades of cancer research, lifestyle and random/genetic factors have been blamed for cancer mortality, with obesity, sedentary habits, alcoholism, and smoking contributing as supposed major causes. However, there is an emerging consensus that environmental pollution should be considered one of the main triggers. Unfortunately, all this preliminary scientific evidence has not always been followed by governments and institutions, which still fail to pursue research on cancer's environmental connections. In this unprecedented national-scale detailed study, we analyzed the links between cancer mortality, socio-economic factors, and sources of environmental pollution in Italy, both at wider regional and finer provincial scales, with an artificial intelligence approach. Overall, we found that cancer mortality does not have a random or spatial distribution and exceeds the national average mainly when environmental pollution is also higher, despite healthier lifestyle habits. Our machine learning analysis of 35 environmental sources of pollution showed that air quality ranks first for importance concerning the average cancer mortality rate, followed by sites to be reclaimed, urban areas, and motor vehicle density. Moreover, other environmental sources of pollution proved to be relevant for the mortality of some specific cancer types. Given these alarming results, we call for a rearrangement of the priority of cancer research and care that sees the reduction and prevention of environmental contamination as a priority action to put in place in the tough struggle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Geological and Environmental (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Paola
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (IBE-CNR), 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Monaco
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Nicola Amoroso
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Bellotti
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
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11
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Tumor immunology. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Influence of Sociodemographic Determinants on the Hodgkin Lymphoma Baseline Characteristics in Long Survivors Patients Enrolled in the Prospective Phase 3 Trial AHL2011. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010053. [PMID: 36612050 PMCID: PMC9817794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whereas numerous studies on several cancers describe the link between social conditions and disease severity, little is known about the social and demographic characteristics of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients. At diagnosis, 10-15% of the patients in the advanced stages have a well-known poor outcome owing to their chemoresistance, but the determinants of the more advanced stages remain elusive. The objective of the present study was to decipher the potential impact of social disparities on the disease features at diagnosis and analyze how the sociodemographic patient features could impact the HL outcome of patients with advanced-stage HL enrolled in the AHL2011 trial. METHODS This ancillary study was conducted on a cohort of patients from French centers that had recruited more than five patients in the phase III AHL2011 study (NCT0135874). Patients had to be alive at the time of the ancillary study and had to have given their consent to answer the questionnaire. Pre-treatment data (age, gender, stage, B symptoms, IPS), the treatment received, the responses to PET-CT, and the presence of serious adverse events (serious adverse events-SAEs) were all extracted from the AHL2011 trial database. Sociodemographic data-marital status, living area, level of education, socio-professional category, and professional situation-were extracted from the questionnaires. The population density at the point of diagnosis was determined based on ZIP Code, and the distance from the reference medical center was then calculated by the road network. Baseline PET acquisition was performed before any treatment. PET images at baseline were centrally reviewed. The total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) at the baseline was calculated using a 41% SUVmax cutoff for each lesion. Progression-free survival was defined as the time from randomization to the first progression, relapse, or death from any cause or the last follow-up. The data cutoff for the analyses presented here was 31 October 2017. The progression-free survival was analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS Among the 823 patients enrolled in the AHL2011 study, the questionnaire was sent to 394 patients, of whom 232 (58.9%) responded. At the time of HL diagnosis, 61.9% (N = 143) of patients declared that they were not socially isolated, 38.1% (N = 88) that they were single, 163 (71.2%) had a professional activity, and 66 (28.8%) were inactive owing to unemployment, retirement, or sick leave. Of the patients, 31.1% (N = 71) lived in a rural region, compared to 68.9% (N = 157) that lived in an urban region. The residence ZIP Code at the time of HL diagnosis was available for 163 (70%). Sociodemographic characteristics did not influence the presence of usual prognostic factors (ECOG, B symptoms, bulky mass, IPS) except for professional activity, which was associated with more frequent low IPS (0-2) (79 (48.5%) active versus 20 (30.3%) inactive patients; p = 0.012). Likewise, no correlation was observed between TMTV and sociodemographic characteristics. However, the TMTV quartile distribution was different according to the living area, with the two upper quartiles being enriched with patients living in a rural area (p = 0.008). Moreover, a negative correlation between the average number of the living area's inhabitants and TMTV (R Pearson = -0.29, p = 0.0004) was observed. CONCLUSION This study focused on sociodemographic parameters in advanced-stage HL patients and shows that professional activity is associated with more favorable disease features (low IPS), while patients living in rural or low-populated areas are more likely to have an unfavorable HL presentation with a high tumor burden (high TMTV). These data suggest that some patient sociodemographic characteristics might impact either access to medical care or environmental exposure, leading to a higher frequency of unfavorable presentations. Further prospective sociodemographic studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary results.
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How Does Government Efficiency Affect Health Outcomes? The Empirical Evidence from 156 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159436. [PMID: 35954795 PMCID: PMC9368218 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper uses the unbalanced panel data of 156 countries during the period of 2002 to 2018 to explore the possible impact of government efficiency on health outcomes. Firstly, we used the fixed-effect model to examine the relationship between government efficiency and health outcomes and found that the increase in government efficiency can significantly improve health outcomes. Then, a series of robustness checks were carried out, which confirmed the reliability of the above result. Thirdly, this paper conducted a heterogeneity analysis from the perspective of life cycle. Fourthly, this paper investigated the mechanisms of the impact of government efficiency on health outcomes from the perspectives of economic growth, health innovation, education and corruption control. Finally, this paper studied the moderating effects of the ruling party’s ideology and democracy on the relationship between government efficiency and health outcomes. The findings of this study provide some references for governments to improve health outcomes.
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Mohammadi MJ, Zarea K, Hatamzadeh N, Salahshouri A, Sharhani A. Toxic Air Pollutants and Their Effect on Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:898043. [PMID: 35875044 PMCID: PMC9299435 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.898043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic air pollutants are one of the main factors that have the effect of synergism to increase the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS). This review aims to investigate the effects of toxic air pollutants on the occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS). A narrative review of the literature was done from 2000 to 2022 based on various databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Science Direct. In this study, according to the databases, three hundred and sixty articles were retrieved. Of these, 28 studies were screened after review and 14 full-text articles entered into the analysis process. Finally, 9 articles were selected in this study. According to the finding of this study, toxic air pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals (HM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), and gases are the main agents that cause the development and spread of chronic diseases such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and multiple sclerosis. The result of this study showed that the main sources of emission of toxic air pollutants include industries, cars, power plants, and the excessive consumption of fossil fuels. In general, the inhalation of high concentration of toxic air pollutants can increase the risk of chronic diseases and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Zarea
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasser Hatamzadeh
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash Salahshouri
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Asaad Sharhani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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15
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Ngwa W, Addai BW, Adewole I, Ainsworth V, Alaro J, Alatise OI, Ali Z, Anderson BO, Anorlu R, Avery S, Barango P, Bih N, Booth CM, Brawley OW, Dangou JM, Denny L, Dent J, Elmore SNC, Elzawawy A, Gashumba D, Geel J, Graef K, Gupta S, Gueye SM, Hammad N, Hessissen L, Ilbawi AM, Kambugu J, Kozlakidis Z, Manga S, Maree L, Mohammed SI, Msadabwe S, Mutebi M, Nakaganda A, Ndlovu N, Ndoh K, Ndumbalo J, Ngoma M, Ngoma T, Ntizimira C, Rebbeck TR, Renner L, Romanoff A, Rubagumya F, Sayed S, Sud S, Simonds H, Sullivan R, Swanson W, Vanderpuye V, Wiafe B, Kerr D. Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a Lancet Oncology Commission. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:e251-e312. [PMID: 35550267 PMCID: PMC9393090 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), urgent action is needed to curb a growing crisis in cancer incidence and mortality. Without rapid interventions, data estimates show a major increase in cancer mortality from 520 348 in 2020 to about 1 million deaths per year by 2030. Here, we detail the state of cancer in SSA, recommend key actions on the basis of analysis, and highlight case studies and successful models that can be emulated, adapted, or improved across the region to reduce the growing cancer crises. Recommended actions begin with the need to develop or update national cancer control plans in each country. Plans must include childhood cancer plans, managing comorbidities such as HIV and malnutrition, a reliable and predictable supply of medication, and the provision of psychosocial, supportive, and palliative care. Plans should also engage traditional, complementary, and alternative medical practices employed by more than 80% of SSA populations and pathways to reduce missed diagnoses and late referrals. More substantial investment is needed in developing cancer registries and cancer diagnostics for core cancer tests. We show that investments in, and increased adoption of, some approaches used during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as hypofractionated radiotherapy and telehealth, can substantially increase access to cancer care in Africa, accelerate cancer prevention and control efforts, increase survival, and save billions of US dollars over the next decade. The involvement of African First Ladies in cancer prevention efforts represents one practical approach that should be amplified across SSA. Moreover, investments in workforce training are crucial to prevent millions of avoidable deaths by 2030. We present a framework that can be used to strategically plan cancer research enhancement in SSA, with investments in research that can produce a return on investment and help drive policy and effective collaborations. Expansion of universal health coverage to incorporate cancer into essential benefits packages is also vital. Implementation of the recommended actions in this Commission will be crucial for reducing the growing cancer crises in SSA and achieving political commitments to the UN Sustainable Development Goals to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by a third by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Ngwa
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Information and Sciences, ICT University, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Beatrice W Addai
- Breast Care International, Peace and Love Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Adewole
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Ainsworth
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - James Alaro
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Zipporah Ali
- Kenya Hospices and Palliative Care Association, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rose Anorlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Avery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prebo Barango
- WHO, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Noella Bih
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Otis W Brawley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lynette Denny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | | | - Shekinah N C Elmore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ahmed Elzawawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Jennifer Geel
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Katy Graef
- BIO Ventures for Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nazik Hammad
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Laila Hessissen
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Andre M Ilbawi
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Kambugu
- Department of Pediatrics, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- Laboratory Services and Biobank Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Manga
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Lize Maree
- Department of Nursing Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Susan Msadabwe
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Miriam Mutebi
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Ntokozo Ndlovu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kingsley Ndoh
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mamsau Ngoma
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Twalib Ngoma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorna Renner
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anya Romanoff
- Department of Health System Design and Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fidel Rubagumya
- Department of Oncology, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Shahin Sayed
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shivani Sud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Simonds
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - William Swanson
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Verna Vanderpuye
- National Centre for Radiotherapy, Oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - David Kerr
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Mbeje NP, Ginindza T, Jafta N. Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6752. [PMID: 35682333 PMCID: PMC9180813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence cancer rates are due to factors such as behavior, occupational exposures, genetics, environmental pollution and infections. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with lung cancer among patients seen in the public health facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In this case-control study, 75 cases and 159 controls were interviewed using a structured close-ended questionnaire. Logistic regression showed a positive association between lung cancer and tobacco smoking (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.21-6.77) and exposure to passive smoke (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.48-7.30). When adjusted for other covariates, tobacco smoking and passive smoke were still positively associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Alcohol consumption (aORs ranging from 2.79 to 3.35) and history of lung disease (aORs ranging from 9.91 to 12.1) were statistically significantly associated with lung cancer. Our study suggests that tobacco smoke exposure is the major cause of lung cancer, and increased exposure to occupational and environmental carcinogenic substances, alcohol consumption and history of lung disease increase the risk of lung cancer. Based on our findings, policy development and planning of prevention strategies incorporating smoking legislations, occupational health and safety are essential in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noluthando P. Mbeje
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (T.G.); (N.J.)
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Themba Ginindza
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (T.G.); (N.J.)
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Nkosana Jafta
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (T.G.); (N.J.)
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Age-period-cohort analysis of lung cancer mortality in China and Australia from 1990 to 2019. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8410. [PMID: 35589955 PMCID: PMC9120450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in China and Australia, the countries with different socioenvironmental contexts in the Western Pacific Region. Comparing the age-period-cohort effect on LC mortality (LCM) between the two countries can help plan interventions and draw lessons for countries in the region. We collected LCM estimates between 1990 and 2019 from the GBD 2019. Age-period-cohort modelling was applied to compute the net drift, local drift, cross-sectional age curve, longitudinal age curve, and the rate ratios (RRs) of period and cohort. China had a higher LC age-standardized mortality rate than Australia in 2019 (men: 58.10 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 46.53, 70.89] vs. 30.13 [95% UI: 27.88, 32.31]/100,000 population; women: 22.86 [95% UI: 18.52, 27.52] vs. 17.80 [95% UI: 15.93, 19.34]/100,000 population). Period and cohort effects on LCM improved more markedly among Australian men (RR for period effect, from 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41, 1.53] to 0.79 [95% CI 0.75, 0.84]; RR for cohort effect, from 2.56 [95% CI 2.44, 2.68] to 0.36 [95% CI 0.11, 1.18]) and Chinese women (RR for period effect, from 1.06 [95% CI 1.01, 1.11] to 0.85 [95% CI 0.82, 0.89]; RR for cohort effect, from 0.71 [95% CI 0.65, 0.78] to 0.51 [95% CI 0.26, 1.03]) during the study period and birth cohort. The LCM in Chinese population aged 65 to 79 and Australian women aged 75 to 79 increased. Smoking and particulate matter (PM) contributed most to LCM in China, while smoking and occupational carcinogens contributed most in Australia. Decreasing period and cohort risks for LCM attributable to smoking and PM were more remarkable in Australia than in China. The LCM attributable to occupational carcinogens was higher in Australia than in China, particularly for those aged 60 to 79. Vigorous tobacco and PM control, which brought a substantial decline in LCM in Australia, may help reduce LCM in China. Australia should highlight LC prevention among people with occupational exposure. Chinese aged ≥ 65 and Australian women aged ≥ 75 should be the priorities for LC interventions.
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Omri A, Kahouli B, Afi H, Kahia M. Impact of Environmental Quality on Health Outcomes in Saudi Arabia: Does Research and Development Matter? JOURNAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9066391 DOI: 10.1007/s13132-022-01024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature on the health impacts of CO2 emissions suggests a variety of factors that may establish a more robust link. However, no previous study has explored the role of research and development (R&D) in explaining the nexus between CO2 emissions and health outcomes. Using data for Saudi Arabia over the period 2000–2018, this paper investigates the ability of R&D (expenditures and environmentally related R&D) to reduce the incidence of emissions on population health outcomes, particularly infant mortality and life expectancy. We find (i) negative impacts of CO2 emissions on health outcomes; (ii) R&D expenditures have a weak positive impact on health outcomes; (iii) additionally to their direct effects on health outcomes, R&D expenditures remarkably enhanced health outcomes through reducing per capita CO2 emissions; (iv) R&D expenditures interact with CO2 from electricity and heat production and from electricity and heat production to negatively influence health outcomes. Similarly, environmentally related R&D, measured by patents environmental-related technologies, interacts with per capita CO2 emissions to negatively influence health outcomes. To address these negative impacts, we calculated the corresponding R&D thresholds. Policymakers in Saudi Arabia are therefore called to give more and more incentives for R&D to reduce emissions and then improve population health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Omri
- Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, P.O. Box: 6640, Qassim, 51452 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management of Nabeul, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Kahouli
- Management Information Systems Department, Community College, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Afi
- Department of Accounting, College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, P.O. Box: 6640, Qassim, 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Montassar Kahia
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, P.O. Box: 6640, Qassim, 51452 Saudi Arabia
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The World of Oral Cancer and Its Risk Factors Viewed from the Aspect of MicroRNA Expression Patterns. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040594. [PMID: 35456400 PMCID: PMC9027895 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a reported 5-year survival rate of around 50% after treatment. Epigenetic modifications are considered to have a key role in oral carcinogenesis due to histone modifications, aberrant DNA methylation, and altered expression of miRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have a key role in cancer development by regulating signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. MiRNA deregulation identified in oral cancer has led to the idea of using them as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In recent years, a key role has been observed for risk factors in preventing and treating this malignancy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge about the altered mechanisms of oral cancer due to risk factors and the role of miRNAs in these mechanisms.
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Guimarães RM, Dutra VGP, Ayres ARG, Garbin HBDR, Martins TCDF, Meira KC. Exposição ocupacional e câncer: uma revisão guarda-chuva. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369/37620pt2022v47e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: fornecer uma visão geral das associações entre exposição ocupacional e risco da ocorrência ou morte por câncer. Métodos: esta revisão guarda-chuva da literatura utilizou as bases Medline e Web of Science. A partir de protocolo de busca, foram incluídas metanálises para diversas circunstâncias ocupacionais e cânceres selecionados que possuíssem algum nível de evidência para associação com ocupação. Resultados: foram incluídas 37 metanálises, abrangendo 18 localizações de câncer. Considerando a avaliação da heterogeneidade dos estudos, da qualidade da evidência e da força de associação, obteve-se evidências altamente sugestivas de associações entre exposição a solvente e mieloma múltiplo; amianto e câncer de pulmão; hidrocarbonetos e câncer de trato aerodigestivo superior; e estresse ocupacional e câncer colorretal. Conclusão: há evidências robustas para associar exposições ocupacionais e tipos de câncer não previstos, inicialmente, nas orientações de vigilância do câncer relacionado ao trabalho no Brasil. Permanecem lacunas sobre exposições de grande relevância, que carecem de metanálises mais consistentes, por exemplo, exposição a poeiras inorgânicas e câncer de pulmão e mesotelioma; exposição a solventes e tumores hematológicos. Evidências de câncer em outras regiões anatômicas foram menos robustas, apresentando indícios de incerteza ou viés.
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Buser JM, Lake K, Ginier E. Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Cancer in an Era of Global Climate Change: A Scoping Review. J Pediatr Health Care 2022; 36:46-56. [PMID: 34134914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contemporary research about environmental risk factors in an era of global climate change to inform childhood cancer prevention efforts is disjointed. Planetary pediatric providers need to establish a better understanding of how the postnatal environment influences childhood cancer. Authors conducted a scoping review of recent scientific literature with the aim of understanding the environmental risk factors for childhood cancer. METHOD Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were searched with results limited to the English language with publication years 2010-2021. Two independent reviewers screened 771 abstracts and excluded 659 abstracts and 65 full-text articles on the basis of predefinedcriteria. RESULTS The scoping review identified 47 studies about environmental risk factors for childhood cancer with mixed results and limited consensus in four main categories, including air pollution, chemical exposures, radiation, and residential location. DISCUSSION Research by collaborative international groups of planetary health researchers about environmental risk factors is needed to inform global health policy for childhood cancer prevention efforts.
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Additive and Interactive Associations of Environmental and Sociodemographic Factors with the Genotypes of Three Glutathione S-Transferase Genes in Relation to the Blood Arsenic Concentrations of Children in Jamaica. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010466. [PMID: 35010728 PMCID: PMC8745014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid that has been classified as a xenobiotic with toxic effects on human beings, especially on children. Since the soil in Jamaica contains As, dietary intake is considered the main source of As exposure in Jamaicans. In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, including GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM1, play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics including As in humans. Using data from 375 typically developing children (2–8 years) in Jamaica, we investigated the environmental and sociodemographic factors, as well as their possible interactions with the children’s genotype for GST genes in relation to having a detectable level of blood As concentration (i.e., >1.3 μg/L). Using multivariable logistic regression, we have identified environmental factors significantly associated with blood As concentrations that include a child’s age, parental education levels, and the consumption of saltwater fish, cabbage, broad beans, and avocado (all p < 0.01). Based on the multivariable analysis including gene x environment interactions, we found that among children with the Ile/Ile genotype for GSTP1 Ile105Val, children who consumed avocado had higher odds of having a detectable blood As concentration compared to children who did not eat avocado.
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Guimarães RM, Dutra VGP, Ayres ARG, Garbin HBDR, Martins TCDF, Meira KC. Occupational exposure and cancer: an umbrella review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369/37620en2022v47e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: to provide an overview of the associations between occupational exposure and risk of occurrence or death from cancer. Methods: this umbrella review used the Medline and Web of Science databases. Based on the search protocol, meta-analysis was included for several occupational circumstances and selected cancers that had some level of evidence associated with the occupation. Results: 37 meta-analysis were included, covering 18 cancer locations. By assessing the heterogeneity of studies, quality of evidence, and strength of association, results highly indicated associations between solvent exposure and multiple myeloma, asbestos and lung cancer, hydrocarbons and upper aerodigestive tract cancer, occupational stress and colorectal cancer. Conclusion: robust evidence shows an association between occupational exposures and types of cancer not initially foreseen in the guidelines for work-related cancer surveillance in Brazil. Gaps in relevant exposures require further research and more consistent meta-analysis, including: exposure to inorganic dust and lung cancer and mesothelioma; solvents and hematological tumors. Evidence of cancer in other anatomical regions was less robust, showing signs of uncertainty or bias.
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Preventing Multimorbidity with Lifestyle Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Challenge for Public Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312449. [PMID: 34886172 PMCID: PMC8656800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Low and Middle-Income Countries are experiencing a fast-paced epidemiological rise in clusters of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, forming an imminent rise in multimorbidity. However, preventing multimorbidity has received little attention in LMICs, especially in Sub-Saharan African Countries. Methods: Narrative review which scoped the most recent evidence in LMICs about multimorbidity determinants and appropriated them for potential multimorbidity prevention strategies. Results: MMD in LMICs is affected by several determinants including increased age, female sex, environment, lower socio-economic status, obesity, and lifestyle behaviours, especially poor nutrition, and physical inactivity. Multimorbidity public health interventions in LMICs, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa are currently impeded by local and regional economic disparity, underdeveloped healthcare systems, and concurrent prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, lifestyle interventions that are targeted towards preventing highly prevalent multimorbidity clusters, especially hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, can provide early prevention of multimorbidity, especially within Sub-Saharan African countries with emerging economies and socio-economic disparity. Conclusion: Future public health initiatives should consider targeted lifestyle interventions and appropriate policies and guidelines in preventing multimorbidity in LMICs.
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Knowledge About Gastrointestinal Cancers in People Referred for Endoscopy and Colonoscopy During a Screening Program: a Cross-sectional Study in Guilan, North of Iran. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:192-200. [PMID: 32125620 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The most northern and northwestern regions of Iran are at a high risk for gastrointestinal cancers. In this study, we evaluated knowledge of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in people referred for endoscopy and colonoscopy screening. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out among 461 people who were under the patronage of a local relief foundation and referred for endoscopy and colonoscopy to the Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GLDRC), Rasht, north of Iran, from March 2016 to March 2017. A well-defined two-sectioned questionnaire was carried out for each group. RESULTS Overall, 300 and 161 individuals were in the gastric and colon cancer knowledge group, respectively. The level of knowledge in various areas of gastric and colon cancer was desirable. In general, the average of different domains in gastric and colon cancer knowledge questions were 20.2 ± 6.6 and 19.2 ± 4.9, with the knowledge level higher than the mean in gastric cancer (58%) and colon cancer (67.1%). The mean score of knowledge of GI cancers in terms of risk factor indicated a significant relationship between BMI and alcohol consumption. Meanwhile, a meaningful relationship between symptoms and BMI with knowledge was declared. About domains of colon cancer, there was a significant relationship between younger age and knowledge in the risk factor. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study can provide an opportunity to formulate strategies to achieve goals, especially in the field of education, prevention, and control of the disease by raising knowledge for the general public and educating people who are responsible for providing and delivering health services to this community.
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Cazzolla Gatti R. Why We Will Continue to Lose Our Battle with Cancers If We Do Not Stop Their Triggers from Environmental Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6107. [PMID: 34198930 PMCID: PMC8201328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Besides our current health concerns due to COVID-19, cancer is a longer-lasting and even more dramatic pandemic that affects almost a third of the human population worldwide. Most of the emphasis on its causes has been posed on genetic predisposition, chance, and wrong lifestyles (mainly, obesity and smoking). Moreover, our medical weapons against cancers have not improved too much during the last century, although research is in progress. Once diagnosed with a malignant tumour, we still rely on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The main problem is that we have focused on fighting a difficult battle instead of preventing it by controlling its triggers. Quite the opposite, our knowledge of the links between environmental pollution and cancer has surged from the 1980s. Carcinogens in water, air, and soil have continued to accumulate disproportionally and grow in number and dose, bringing us to today's carnage. Here, a synthesis and critical review of the state of the knowledge of the links between cancer and environmental pollution in the three environmental compartments is provided, research gaps are briefly discussed, and some future directions are indicated. New evidence suggests that it is relevant to take into account not only the dose but also the time when we are exposed to carcinogens. The review ends by stressing that more dedication should be put into studying the environmental causes of cancers to prevent and avoid curing them, that the precautionary approach towards environmental pollutants must be much more reactionary, and that there is an urgent need to leave behind the outdated petrochemical-based industry and goods production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
- Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Waterpipe Smoking among Bladder Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study of Lebanese and Jordanian Populations. J Smok Cessat 2021; 2021:6615832. [PMID: 34306225 PMCID: PMC8279186 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most reported cancer in Lebanon and the fifth in Jordan. Its risk factors are mainly smoking and occupational exposure to aromatic amines. In these countries where smoking and bladder cancer are highly prevalent, the role of waterpipe smoking (WPS) in bladder cancer is less investigated. We aim to compare two sets of patients between Lebanon and Jordan, focusing on their smoking habits, WP use, occupational exposure, and the grade/invasiveness of their bladder cancer. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that compares the smoking culture between two sets of populations with bladder cancer, from two different countries. We recruited 274 bladder cancer patients over the 18 years of age at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), and 158 bladder cancer patients over the age of 18 years at the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC). Results 7.7% of Lebanese patients had significantly more positive family history of bladder cancer compared to 13.9% of Jordanian patients (p = 0.045). Another significant finding is that the majority of Lebanese patients 70.7% reported being frequently exposed to secondhand smoking, mainly cigarettes, versus only 48.6% of Jordanian patients (p < 0.001). The increasing smoking trend among Lebanese females is remarkably the highest in the region, which contributed to the overall increase in smoking rates in the country. 17.1% of the Lebanese smoking patients are mainly but not exclusively WP smokers of which 6.3% are daily WP smokers, similarly 17.1% of the Jordanian patients of which 3.2% are daily WP smokers. There were 71.5% of Lebanese patients who had a noninvasive BC versus 40% of Jordanian patients (p < 0.001), and more than one-third reported an occupational exposure to one of the risk factors of BC in both groups. Conclusions Bladder cancer incidence is on the rise in both Jordan and Lebanon along with different smoking types. It is necessary to impose prevention policies to prevent and control the high smoking prevalence. Bladder cancer invasiveness is higher in Jordan compared to universal data.
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Olsson A, Kromhout H. Occupational cancer burden: the contribution of exposure to process-generated substances at the workplace. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:753-763. [PMID: 33544948 PMCID: PMC7931128 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respirable crystalline silica in mineral dust, wood dust, diesel engine exhaust emissions and welding fumes are among the most common process-generated substances to which millions of workers are exposed daily. The composition of process-generated substances can vary substantially, depending on the parameters of the underlying processes; for example, the composition and intensity of diesel motor emissions differs among the various generations of diesel engines and working environments (e.g. surface or underground mining). We illustrate how common these occupational exposures are and discuss challenges in estimating their global prevalence and their contribution to the burden of occupational cancer. Estimates of the number and proportion of workers exposed in most countries and on a global scale are generally scarce. A remarkable exception is based on the proactive bottom-up estimates generated within the European Network for Silica. Actions to reduce exposures and research to fill gaps in knowledge adapted to local settings are warranted to mitigate the occupational cancer burden, especially in under-researched settings including low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Olsson
- International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC)World Health Organization (WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
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Pestak CR, Boyce TW, Myers OB, Hopkins' LO, Wiggins CL, Wissore BR, Sood A, Cook LS. A Population-Based Feasibility Study of Occupation and Thoracic Malignancies in New Mexico. SOUTHWEST JOURNAL OF PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE 2021; 22:23-25. [PMID: 33614198 DOI: 10.13175/swjpcc067-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational exposures in mining and oil/gas extraction are known risk factors for thoracic malignancies (TMs). Given the relatively high proportion of these industries in New Mexico (NM), we conducted a feasibility study of adult lifetime occupational history among TM cases. We hypothesized a higher proportion of occupational TM in NM relative to the estimated national average of 10-14%. Methods We identified incident TM cases through the population-based New Mexico Tumor Registry (NMTR), from 2017-2018. Cases completed a telephone interview. An adjudication panel reviewed case histories and classified cancers as probable, possible, or non-occupational related, taking into account the presence, duration, and latency of exposures. We characterized recruitment and describe job titles and exposures among those with occupational TMs. We also compared the distributions of industry between those with and without occupational TM. Results The NMTR identified 400 eligible TM cases, 290 of which were available to be recruited (n=285 lung/bronchial cancer; n=5 mesotheliomas). Of the latter, 60% refused and 18% were deceased, 9% had invalid addresses, 11% were unable to be reached by telephone, and 3% were too ill to participate. The 43 cases who completed an interview held 236 jobs. A total of 33% of cases were classified as probable occupational TM and 5% as possible occupational TM. Conclusions High rates of early mortality and refusals were significant barriers to study participation. Nonetheless, the proportion of probable occupational TMs greatly exceeded the estimated national average, highlighting the need for further study of occupational TM in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R Pestak
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07-4025, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,New Mexico Tumor Registry, University of New Mexico, MSC 11 6020, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Tawny W Boyce
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07-4025, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Orrin B Myers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC 09-5040, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - L Olivia Hopkins'
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC 10 5550, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Charles L Wiggins
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07-4025, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,New Mexico Tumor Registry, University of New Mexico, MSC 11 6020, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC 10 5550, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Bruce R Wissore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC 10 5550, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Southwestern Illinois College, Belleville, IL, 62221, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC 10 5550, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Miners Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM, 87740, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, MSC 07-4025, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC 10 5550, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Li N, Zhai Z, Zheng Y, Lin S, Deng Y, Xiang G, Yao J, Xiang D, Wang S, Yang P, Yang S, Xu P, Wu Y, Hu J, Dai Z, Wang M. Association of 13 Occupational Carcinogens in Patients With Cancer, Individually and Collectively, 1990-2017. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2037530. [PMID: 33599775 PMCID: PMC7893501 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Occupational exposure to carcinogens has been shown to pose a serious disease burden at the global, regional, and national levels. Based on epidemiologic studies and clinical observations, working environment appears to have important effects on the occurrence of human malignant tumors; however, to date, no systematic articles have been published that specifically investigated cancer burden due to occupational exposure in an individual and collective manner. OBJECTIVE To estimate the degree of exposure and evaluate the cancer burden attributable to occupational carcinogens (OCs) individually and collectively by sex, age, year, and location. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study including data on 195 countries from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from June 24, 2020, to July 20, 2020. EXPOSURES Thirteen OCs (ie, arsenic, asbestos, benzene, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, diesel engine exhaust, formaldehyde, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, silica, sulfuric acid, and trichloroethylene). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The degree and change patterns of exposure as well as the attributable cancer burden, including deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), by sex, age, year, and location for 13 OCs. The calculation of the population-attributable fraction was based on past exposure in the population and relative risks. RESULTS Based on the GBD 2017 study, 13 OCs attributable to 7 cancer types were included. Most summary exposure values for the 13 OCs, particularly those of diesel engine exhaust (35.6% increase; 95% uncertainty interval [UI], 32.4%-38.5%) and trichloroethylene (30.3% increase; 95% UI, 27.3%-33.5%), increased from 1990 to 2017. Only exposure to asbestos decreased by 13.8% (95% UI, -26.7% to 2.2%). In 2017, 319 000 (95% UI, 256 000-382 000) cancer deaths and 6.42 million (95% UI, 5.15 million to 7.76 million) DALYs were associated with OCs combined, accounting for 61.0% (95% UI, 59.6%-62.4%) of the total cancer deaths and 48.3% (46.3% to 50.2%) of the DALYs. Among the 13 OCs, the 3 leading risk factors for cancer burden were asbestos (71.8%), silica (15.4%), and diesel engine exhaust (5.6%). For most OCs, the attributed cancer outcome was tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer, which accounted for 89.0% of attributable cancer deaths. China (61 644 cancer deaths), the US (42 848), and Japan (20 748) accounted for the largest number of attributable cancer deaths in 2017; for DALYs, China (1.47 million), the US (0.71 million), and India (0.37 million) were the 3 leading countries. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study suggest that although OC exposure levels have decreased, the overall cancer burden is continuously increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Grace Xiang
- College of Arts and Sciences, New York University, New York
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Celilo Cancer Center, Oregon Health Science Center Affiliated Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles
| | - Shuqian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengtao Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Wang C, Chen X, Nakamura Y, Yu C, Qi H. Fucoxanthin activities motivate its nano/micro-encapsulation for food or nutraceutical application: a review. Food Funct 2020; 11:9338-9358. [PMID: 33151231 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid abundant in marine brown algae. The potential therapeutic effects of fucoxanthin on tumor intervention have been well documented, which have aroused great interests in utilizing fucoxanthin in functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, the utilization of fucoxanthin as a nutraceutical in food and nutrient supplements is currently limited due to its low water solubility, poor stability, and limited bioaccessibility. Nano/micro-encapsulation is a technology that can overcome these challenges. A systematic review on the recent progresses in nano/micro-delivery systems to encapsulate fucoxanthin in foods or nutraceuticals is warranted. This article starts with a brief introduction of fucoxanthin and the challenges of oral delivery of fucoxanthin. Nano/micro-encapsulation technology is then covered, including materials and strategies for constructing the delivery system. Finally, future prospective has been discussed on properly designed oral delivery systems of fucoxanthin for managing cancer. Natural edible materials such as whey protein, casein, zein, gelatin, and starch have been successfully utilized to fabricate lipid-based, gel-based, or emulsion-based delivery systems, molecular nanocomplexes, and biopolymer nanoparticles with the aid of advanced processing techniques, such as freeze-drying, high pressure homogenization, sonication, anti-solvent precipitation, coacervation, ion crosslinking, ionic gelation, emulsification, and enzymatic conjugation. These formulated nano/micro-capsules have proven to be effective in stabilizing and enhancing the bioaccessibility of fucoxanthin. This review will inspire a surge of multidisciplinary research in a broader community of foods and motivate material scientists and researchers to focus on nano/micro-encapsulated fucoxanthin in order to facilitate the commercialization of orally-deliverable tumor intervention products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
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Panou V, Røe OD. Inherited Genetic Mutations and Polymorphisms in Malignant Mesothelioma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124327. [PMID: 32560575 PMCID: PMC7352726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is mainly caused by air-born asbestos but genetic susceptibility is also suspected to be a risk factor. Recent studies suggest an increasing number of candidate genes that may predispose to MM besides the well-characterized BRCA1-associated protein-1 gene. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important studies on germline mutations for MM. A total of 860 publications were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, of which 81 met the inclusion criteria and were consider for this review. More than 50% of the genes that are reported to predispose to MM are involved in DNA repair mechanisms, and the majority of them have a role in the homologous recombination pathway. Genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes involved in chromatin, transcription and hypoxia regulation have also been described. Furthermore, we identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may promote MM tumorigenesis as a result of an asbestos-gene interaction, including SNPs in DNA repair, carcinogen detoxification and other genes previously associated with other malignancies. The identification of inherited mutations for MM and an understanding of the underlying pathways may allow early detection and prevention of malignancies in high-risk individuals and pave the way for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Panou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Characterization of Demolition Construction Waste Containing Asbestos, and the Release of Fibrous Dust Particles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the characterization of demolition construction waste containing asbestos fibers and the monitoring of fibrous dust released from asbestos–cement products (ACPs) during their removal from a three-story industrial building. Asbestos-containing products removal was carried out according to a demolition management system in terms of protection of workers. The results of a chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared analysis and scanning electron microscopy of demolition waste samples confirmed the same material quality of asbestos–cement (AC) elements used throughout the building. In addition, a MgO/SiO2 ratio corresponding to a serpentine silicate mineral of chrysotile was detected by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis. Also, crystalline phase calcium silicates and calcium carbonates from the cement matrix were identified in the AC waste. The relatively large differences in the elemental analysis between the sample area and the individual points found by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic mapping are related to the composition heterogeneity. The highest content of magnesium occurs where asbestos fibers predominate in the cement matrix. The measured number concentrations of asbestos fibers before, during, and after asbestos–cement products removal were compared to outdoor concentrations. Indoor concentrations of asbestos fibers during the removal of AC materials did not exceed the permissible limit for a working environment (1000 fibers per one m3), except in three spots out of all the working sites inside the building. A relationship between the number and mass concentrations of asbestos dust is shown.
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Cyanidin-3-glucoside attenuates silica-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses by modulating T cell immune responses and STAT1/STAT3 signaling. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Targeted Phototherapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Targeting Podoplanin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041019. [PMID: 32326079 PMCID: PMC7225918 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has extremely limited treatment despite a poor prognosis. Moreover, molecular targeted therapy for MPM has not yet been implemented; thus, a new targeted therapy is highly desirable. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently developed cancer therapy that combines the specificity of antibodies for targeting tumors with toxicity induced by the photoabsorber after exposure to NIR-light. In this study, we developed a new phototherapy targeting podoplanin (PDPN) for MPM with the use of both NIR-PIT and an anti-PDPN antibody, NZ-1. An antibody–photosensitizer conjugate consisting of NZ-1 and phthalocyanine dye was synthesized. In vitro NIR-PIT-induced cytotoxicity was measured with both dead cell staining and luciferase activity on various MPM cell lines. In vivo NIR-PIT was examined in both the flank tumor and orthotopic mouse model with in vivo real-time imaging. In vitro NIR-PIT-induced cytotoxicity was NIR-light dose dependent. In vivo NIR-PIT led to significant reduction in both tumor volume and luciferase activity in a flank model (p < 0.05, NIR-PIT group versus NZ-1-IR700 group). The PDPN-targeted NIR-PIT resulted in a significant antitumor effect in an MPM orthotopic mouse model (p < 0.05, NIR-PIT group versus NZ-1-IR700 group). This study suggests that PDPN-targeted NIR-PIT could be a new promising treatment for MPM.
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Global and regional burden of cancer in 2016 arising from occupational exposure to selected carcinogens: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:151-159. [PMID: 32054819 PMCID: PMC7035689 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study provides a detailed analysis of the global and regional burden of cancer due to occupational carcinogens from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study. METHODS The burden of cancer due to 14 International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1 occupational carcinogens was estimated using the population attributable fraction, based on past population exposure prevalence and relative risks from the literature. The results were used to calculate attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). RESULTS There were an estimated 349 000 (95% Uncertainty Interval 269 000 to 427 000) deaths and 7.2 (5.8 to 8.6) million DALYs in 2016 due to exposure to the included occupational carcinogens-3.9% (3.2% to 4.6%) of all cancer deaths and 3.4% (2.7% to 4.0%) of all cancer DALYs; 79% of deaths were of males and 88% were of people aged 55 -79 years. Lung cancer accounted for 86% of the deaths, mesothelioma for 7.9% and laryngeal cancer for 2.1%. Asbestos was responsible for the largest number of deaths due to occupational carcinogens (63%); other important risk factors were secondhand smoke (14%), silica (14%) and diesel engine exhaust (5%). The highest mortality rates were in high-income regions, largely due to asbestos-related cancers, whereas in other regions cancer deaths from secondhand smoke, silica and diesel engine exhaust were more prominent. From 1990 to 2016, there was a decrease in the rate for deaths (-10%) and DALYs (-15%) due to exposure to occupational carcinogens. CONCLUSIONS Work-related carcinogens are responsible for considerable disease burden worldwide. The results provide guidance for prevention and control initiatives.
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Manisalidis I, Stavropoulou E, Stavropoulos A, Bezirtzoglou E. Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Front Public Health 2020; 8:14. [PMID: 32154200 PMCID: PMC7044178 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 969] [Impact Index Per Article: 242.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM), particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role against ultraviolet irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Furthermore, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all considered air pollutants that are harmful to humans. Carbon monoxide can even provoke direct poisoning when breathed in at high levels. Heavy metals such as lead, when absorbed into the human body, can lead to direct poisoning or chronic intoxication, depending on exposure. Diseases occurring from the aforementioned substances include principally respiratory problems such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis, and also lung cancer, cardiovascular events, central nervous system dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases. Last but not least, climate change resulting from environmental pollution affects the geographical distribution of many infectious diseases, as do natural disasters. The only way to tackle this problem is through public awareness coupled with a multidisciplinary approach by scientific experts; national and international organizations must address the emergence of this threat and propose sustainable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Manisalidis
- Delphis S.A., Kifisia, Greece.,Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Service de Médicine Interne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kastner
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rydhwana Hossain
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
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Gogou E, Hatzoglou C, Zarogiannis SG, Malli F, Jagirdar RM, Gourgoulianis KI. Mesothelioma Mortality Rates in Greece for the Period 2005-2015 Is Increased Compared to Previous Decades. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080419. [PMID: 31366157 PMCID: PMC6724054 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: To present summary statistics regarding malignant mesothelioma (MM) mortality in Greece during the period 2005–2015 and compare it with previous decades, along with gender, age and geographical area analysis. Materials and Methods: The Hellenic Statistical Authority provided the data, which included all deaths for the period 1983 to 2015 that mentioned MM as the death cause in the corresponding death certificate. MM mortality rates have been calculated with respect to gender, age, and geographical location in Greece. Furthermore, a comparison analysis was made among three eleven consecutive year periods, in order to assess potential changes in the mortality rates. Results: The MM mortality rate has significantly increased during the period 2005–2015 both in males and females compared to earlier decades. The maximum number of MM deaths has shifted to an older age group of 70–80 years during the 2005–2015 period as compared to that of 1983–2004 in both genders. Additionally, MM mortality rates have significantly increased in all geographical areas except for the Epirus Prefecture. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate an increased MM mortality rate in Greece for the decade 2005–2015 as compared to the two previous decades. This increase is possibly due to the fact that the peak in asbestos production and use in Greece was in mid 1990s, while the asbestos ban came in effect in 2005. Based on these findings the MM epidemic in Greece has not yet peaked, therefore it is important to implement screening strategies for early MM detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdoxia Gogou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Foteini Malli
- Anatomy and Physiology Lab, Nursing Department, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Rajesh M Jagirdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Rezaei F, Tabatabaee HR, Rahmanian V, Mirahmadizadeh A, Hassanipour S. The Correlation Between Bladder Cancer and Obesity, Overweight, Physical Inactivity, and Tobacco Use: An Ecological Study in Asian Countries. Ann Glob Health 2019; 85:102. [PMID: 31298827 PMCID: PMC6634367 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the world. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the correlation between age-standardized incidence rates of bladder cancer and some risk factors in Asian countries through an extensive ecological analysis. METHODS This ecological study evaluated the correlation between age-standardized incidence rates of bladder cancer and obesity, overweight, physical inactivity, and tobacco use in 30 Asian countries. To determine the factors that were significantly related to age-standardized incidence rate of bladder cancer, a univariate analysis was performed using simple linear regression. In the next step, variables with p-values less than 0.25 were entered into a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS The incidence of bladder cancer was higher in countries with higher prevalence of overweight (r2 = 0.36, p < 0.001), obesity (r2 = 0.34, p = 0.001), current daily tobacco use (r2 = 0.17, p = 0.03), and physical inactivity (r2 = 0.13, p = 0.04). The results of multiple regression analysis indicated a direct correlation between the incidence of bladder cancer and overweight (β = 0.15, p < 0.001) and current daily tobacco use (β = 0.21, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant relationship between the incidence of bladder cancer and overweight and current daily tobacco use. Further epidemiological studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid-Reza Tabatabaee
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Research Center for Social Determinant of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR
| | - Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR
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Moran JD, Kim HH, Li Z, Moreno CS. SOX4 regulates invasion of bladder cancer cells via repression of WNT5a. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:359-370. [PMID: 31268162 PMCID: PMC6615919 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sry-Related HMG-BOX-4 (SOX4) is a developmental transcription factor that is overexpressed in as many as 23% of bladder cancer patients; however, the role of SOX4 in bladder cancer tumorigenesis is not yet well understood. Given the many roles of SOX4 in embryonic development and the context-dependent regulation of gene expression, in this study, we sought to determine the role of SOX4 in bladder cancer and to identify SOX4-regulated genes that may contribute to tumorigenesis. For this purpose, we employed a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) method to transcriptionally repress SOX4 expression in T24 bladder cancer cell lines, 'rescued' these cell lines with the lentiviral-mediated expression of SOX4, and performed whole genome expression profiling. The cells in which SOX4 was knocked down (T24-SOX4-KD) exhibited decreased invasive capabilities, but no changes in migration or proliferation, whereas rescue experiments with SOX4 lentiviral vector restored the invasive phenotype. Gene expression profiling revealed 173 high confidence SOX4-regulated genes, including WNT5a as a potential target of repression by SOX4. Treatment of the T24-SOX4-KD cells with a WNT5a antagonist restored the invasive phenotype observed in the T24-scramble control cells and the SOX4 lentiviral-rescued cells. High WNT5a expression was associated with a decreased invasion and WNT5a expression inversely correlated with SOX4 expression, suggesting that SOX4 can negatively regulate WNT5a levels either directly or indirectly and that WNT5a likely plays a protective role against invasion in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue D Moran
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hannah H Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Zhou B, Guo R. Integrative Analysis of Genomic and Clinical Data Reveals Intrinsic Characteristics of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Progression. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060464. [PMID: 31212967 PMCID: PMC6628253 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of bladder cancer is generally a complex and dynamic process, involving a variety of biological factors. Here, we aimed to identify a set of survival-related genes that play an important role in the progression of bladder cancer and uncover their synergistic patterns. Based on the large-scale genomic profiling data and clinical information of 404 bladder cancer patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we first discovered 1078 survival-related genes related to their survival states using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazardous regression. We then investigated the dynamic changes of the cooperative behaviors of these 1078 genes by analyzing their respective genomic features, including copy number variations, DNA methylations, somatic mutations, and microRNA regulatory networks. Our analyses showed that during the progression of bladder cancer, the biological disorder involving the identified survival-related genes can be reflected by multiple levels of abnormal gene regulation, ranging from genomic alteration to post-transcriptional dysregulation. In particular, the stage-specific co-expression networks of these genes undergo a series of structural variations. Our findings provide useful hints on understanding the underlying complex molecular mechanisms related to the evolution of bladder cancer and offer a new perspective on clinical diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Revisiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Tumorigenesis: The Paradigm of Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061291. [PMID: 30875794 PMCID: PMC6471041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy, being characterized by substantial patient mortality and management cost. Its high somatic-mutation frequency and molecular heterogeneity usually renders tumors refractory to the applied regimens. Hitherto, methotrexate-vinblastine-adriamycin-cisplatin and gemcitabine-cisplatin represent the backbone of systemic chemotherapy. However, despite the initial chemosensitivity, the majority of treated patients will eventually develop chemoresistance, which severely reduces their survival expectancy. Since chromatin regulation genes are more frequently mutated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as compared to other epithelial tumors, targeted therapies against chromatin aberrations in chemoresistant clones may prove beneficial for the disease. “Acetyl-chromatin” homeostasis is regulated by the opposing functions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The HDAC/SIRT (super-)family contains 18 members, which are divided in five classes, with each family member being differentially expressed in normal urinary bladder tissues. Since a strong association between irregular HDAC expression/activity and tumorigenesis has been previously demonstrated, we herein attempt to review the accumulated published evidences that implicate HDACs/SIRTs as critical regulators in urothelial bladder cancer. Moreover, the most extensively investigated HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are also analyzed, and the respective clinical trials are also described. Interestingly, it seems that HDACis should be preferably used in drug-combination therapeutic schemes, including radiation.
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Lakkis NA, Adib SM, Hamadeh GN, El-Jarrah RT, Osman MH. Bladder Cancer in Lebanon: Incidence and Comparison to Regional and Western Countries. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818789359. [PMID: 30027755 PMCID: PMC6055109 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818789359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lebanon has one of the highest estimated age-standardized incidence rate (ASR(w))
of bladder cancer (BC) worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze the
incidence rates for BC in Lebanon over a period of 7 years and to compare them
to the rates in other countries. Data were obtained from the Lebanese National
Cancer Registry for the currently available years 2005 to 2011. The calculated
ASR(w) and age-specific rates were expressed as per 100 000 population. From
2005 to 2011, BC has been ranked as the third most common cancer in Lebanon. It
accounted for 9.0% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases excluding nonmelanoma
skin cancer. It ranked second in males and ninth in females. The average ASR(w)
over this period was 31.2 in men and 7.3 in women. These incidence rates are
among the highest worldwide across all age groups in both sexes. This study
shows that the incidence of BC in Lebanon is high and it is among the highest
worldwide. It is important to reduce the risk of BC through tobacco control and
by decreasing exposure to avoidable environmental and occupational risk
factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Lakkis
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salim M Adib
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan N Hamadeh
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana T El-Jarrah
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona H Osman
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare disease of the pleura and is largely related to asbestos exposure. Despite recent advancements in technologies and a greater understanding of the disease, the prognosis of MPM remains poor; the median overall survival rate is about 6 to 9 months in untreated patients. The main therapeutic strategies for MPM are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT). The two main surgical approaches for MPM are extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), in which the lung is removed en bloc, and pleurectomy/decortication, in which the lung stays in situ. Chemotherapy usually consists of a platinum-based chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, often combined with a folate antimetabolite, such as pemetrexed. More recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a possible therapeutic strategy for MPM. Evidence suggests that single-modality treatments are not an effective therapeutic approach for MPM. Therefore, researchers have started to explore different multimodality treatment approaches, in which often combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and RT are investigated. There is still no definitive answer to the question of which multimodality treatment combinations are most effective in improving the poor prognosis of MPM. Research into the effects of trimodality treatment approaches have found that radical approaches such as EPP and hemithoracic RT post-EPP are less effective than was previously assumed. In general, there are still a great number of unanswered questions and unknown factors regarding the ideal treatment approach for MPM. Hopefully, more research into multimodality therapy will provide insight into which combination of treatment modalities is most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawek Berzenji
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - Paul Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
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Atusingwize E, Musinguzi G, Ndejjo R, Buregyeya E, Kayongo B, Mubeezi R, Mugambe RK, Ali Halage A, Sekimpi DK, Bazeyo W, Wang JS, Ssempebwa JC. Occupational safety and health regulations and implementation challenges in Uganda. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 74:58-65. [PMID: 30222090 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1492895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The burden of occupational diseases and injuries is high in developing countries due to several challenges including poor regulatory frameworks. To explore the status of occupational safety and health (OSH) policies and related implementation challenges in Uganda, we reviewed OSH regulations and conducted key informant interviews with stakeholders. We found that the existing OSH laws were largely outdated compared to the current needs of workplaces. Challenges affecting implementation are related to: gaps in the legal framework, low public awareness about OSH, poor planning, and limited human capacity, transparency, and accountability. Measures to address these gaps including training, upgrading OSH laws and policies, and prioritization are warranted to improve the status of OSH in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwinah Atusingwize
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Geofrey Musinguzi
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Esther Buregyeya
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Barbara Kayongo
- b Ministry of Gender, Labor and Social Development , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Ruth Mubeezi
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Abdullah Ali Halage
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Deogratious K Sekimpi
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
- c Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - William Bazeyo
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- d Department of Environmental Health Sciences , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - John C Ssempebwa
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
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Abdel-Rahman O. Global trends in mortality from malignant mesothelioma: Analysis of WHO mortality database (1994-2013). CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2018; 12:2090-2100. [PMID: 29424961 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Little is known about the extent to which asbestos use ban has affected global trends in malignant mesothelioma. This study investigated recent global mortality trends of malignant mesothelioma. METHODS Data were collected from International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization mortality database to examine age-standardized, gender-specific mortality rates for malignant mesothelioma (ICD10-C45). Cross-sectional mortality rates (2009-2013) as well as trends over time (1994-2013) were also reported. Gender-specific annual percent change (APC) was calculated to examine trends over time for each country. RESULTS Among the 30 countries with highest mesothelioma mortality in men, there is almost 10-fold variation in mortality rates during 2009-2013 ranging from 6.25 per 100 000 for United Kingdom to 0.64 per 100 000 in Portugal; whereas, among the 30 countries with highest mesothelioma mortality in women, there is a 4-fold variation in mortality rates during 2009-2013 ranging from 1.08 per 100 000 for United Kingdom to 0.26 per 100 000 in Ireland. Mortality rates were higher in men compared to women in 32 out of 35 evaluable countries. Among males and over the last 10 years of covered years, mesothelioma mortality was significantly declining in 9 countries (United Kingdom, Sweden, France, Germany, Netherlands, Canada, United States, Australia, and New Zealand); whereas, it was significantly rising in 5 countries (Poland, Spain, China-Hong Kong, Japan, and Republic of Korea). In the remaining countries, APC was stable. Among females and over the last 10 years of covered years, mesothelioma mortality was significantly declining in 1 country only (Italy); whereas, it was significantly rising in 3 countries (Poland, Argentina, and Republic of Korea). In the remaining countries, APC was stable. CONCLUSIONS There is a worldwide variability in the burden and trends of mesothelioma mortality; and despite the ban on asbestos in many countries, mesothelioma still represents an important cause of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Micolucci L, Akhtar MM, Olivieri F, Rippo MR, Procopio AD. Diagnostic value of microRNAs in asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma: systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58606-58637. [PMID: 27259231 PMCID: PMC5295457 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asbestos is a harmful and exceptionally persistent natural material. Malignant mesothelioma (MM), an asbestos-related disease, is an insidious, lethal cancer that is poorly responsive to current treatments. Minimally invasive, specific, and sensitive biomarkers providing early and effective diagnosis in high-risk patients are urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are endogenous, non-coding, small RNAs with established diagnostic value in cancer and pollution exposure. A systematic review and a qualitative meta-analysis were conducted to identify high-confidence miRNAs that can serve as biomarkers of asbestos exposure and MM. Methods The major biomedical databases were systematically searched for miRNA expression signatures related to asbestos exposure and MM. The qualitative meta-analysis applied a novel vote-counting method that takes into account multiple parameters. The most significant miRNAs thus identified were then subjected to functional and bioinformatic analysis to assess their biomarker potential. Results A pool of deregulated circulating and tissue miRNAs with biomarker potential for MM was identified and designated as “mesomiRs” (MM-associated miRNAs). Comparison of data from asbestos-exposed and MM subjects found that the most promising candidates for a multimarker signature were circulating miR-126-3p, miR-103a-3p, and miR-625-3p in combination with mesothelin. The most consistently described tissue miRNAs, miR-16-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-203a-3p, and miR-652-3p, were also found to provide a diagnostic signature and should be further investigated as possible therapeutic targets. Conclusion The qualitative meta-analysis and functional investigation confirmed the early diagnostic value of two miRNA signatures for MM. Large-scale, standardized validation studies are needed to assess their clinical relevance, so as to move from the workbench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigina Micolucci
- Computational Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Most Mauluda Akhtar
- Computational Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy
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Downward GS, van der Zwaag HP, Simons L, Meliefste K, Tefera Y, Carreon JR, Vermeulen R, Smit LAM. Occupational exposure to indoor air pollution among bakery workers in Ethiopia; A comparison of electric and biomass cookstoves. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:690-697. [PMID: 29121604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The indoor air pollution (IAP) produced by the domestic combustion of solid fuels is responsible for up to 4 million deaths annually, especially among low and middle income countries. Occupational exposure within the food preparation industries of these nations remains underexplored. We investigated occupational exposure to the IAP produced during the commercial production of injera, a staple of the Ethiopian diet, from bakeries in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Measurements of PM2.5, black carbon (via the proxy measure PM2.5 absorbance) and CO were collected from 30 bakeries and their employees for an average of 4-h per working day. Measurements were compared between bakeries using biomass and electric cookstoves. Further, the respiratory health data of 35 bakery employees were collected by interview-based questionnaire. Personal exposure to PM2.5 from biomass cookstoves was double that of electric cookstoves (430 μg/m3 vs. 216 μg/m3), black carbon exposure was four times higher among biomass users (67 × 10-5m-1 vs. 15 × 10-5m-1), and CO exposure was twenty times higher among biomass users (22 ppm vs. 1 ppm). Mixed effect models indicated that the number of stoves in use and additional solid fuel usage (e.g. coffee brewing) also contributed to exposure levels. These findings indicate that the use of biomass powered cookstoves during commercial injera production significantly contributes to IAP and self-reported respiratory symptoms. As injera is the staple foodstuff of Ethiopia, a widespread conversion to electric cookstoves is likely to have a significant impact. However, as high levels of IAP were also observed within the electric bakeries, further identification of pollution sources is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Downward
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hugo P van der Zwaag
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kees Meliefste
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yifokire Tefera
- Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - J Rosales Carreon
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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