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Bardossy ES, Volpe S, Suzuki Y, Merwaiss F, Faraj S, Montes M, Saleh MC, Alvarez DE, Filomatori CV. Molecular basis of RNA recombination in the 3'UTR of chikungunya virus genome. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae650. [PMID: 39051569 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a rapidly spreading re-emergent virus transmitted from mosquitoes to humans. The emergence of epidemic variants has been associated with changes in the viral genome, such as the duplication of repeated sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Indeed, blocks of repeated sequences seemingly favor RNA recombination, providing the virus with a unique ability to continuously change the 3'UTR architecture during host switching. In this work, we provide experimental data on the molecular mechanism of RNA recombination and describe specific sequence and structural elements in the viral 3'UTR that favor template switching of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase on the 3'UTR. Furthermore, we found that a 3'UTR deletion mutant that exhibits markedly delayed replication in mosquito cells and impaired transmission in vivo, recombines in reference laboratory strains of mosquitoes. Altogether, our data provide novel experimental evidence indicating that RNA recombination can act as a nucleic acid repair mechanism to add repeated sequences that are associated to high viral fitness in mosquito during chikungunya virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia S Bardossy
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología, Universidad de San Martín - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sebastiano Volpe
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología, Universidad de San Martín - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Fernando Merwaiss
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Faraj
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Montes
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Diego E Alvarez
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología, Universidad de San Martín - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia V Filomatori
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnología, Universidad de San Martín - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Soto-Garita C, Murillo T, Chávez-Peraza I, Campos-Ávila J, Prado-Hidalgo G, Drexler JF, Moreira-Soto A, Corrales-Aguilar E. Epidemiological, virological and clinical characterization of a Dengue/Zika outbreak in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica 2017-2018. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1421744. [PMID: 38988809 PMCID: PMC11233455 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1421744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in incidence and geographical expansion of viruses transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) in the Americas, represents a burden for healthcare systems in tropical and subtropical regions. These and other under-detected arboviruses co-circulate in Costa Rica, adding additional complexity to their management due to their shared epidemiological behavior and similarity of symptoms in early stages. Since diagnostics of febrile illness is mostly based on clinical symptoms alone, we gathered acute-phase serum and urine from 399 samples of acute dengue-like cases from two healthcare facilities of Costa Rica, during an outbreak of arboviruses from July 2017 to May 2018, and tested them using molecular and serological methods. The analyses showed that of the clinically presumptive arbovirus cases that were reported, only 39.4% (n=153) of the samples were confirmed positive by RT-PCR to be DENV (DENV (10.3%), CHIKV (0.2%), ZIKV (27.3%), or mixed infections (1.5%). RT-PCR for other alphaviruses and flaviviruses, and PCR for Leptospira sp were negative. Furthermore, to assess flavivirus positivity in post-acute patients, the negative sera were tested against Dengue-IgM. 20% of sera were found positive, confounding even more the definitive number of cases, and emphasizing the need of several distinct diagnostic tools for accurate diagnostics. Molecular characterization of the prM and E genes from isolated viruses revealed that the American/Asian genotype of DENV-2 and the Asian lineage of ZIKV were circulating during this outbreak. Two different clades of DENV-2 American/Asian genotype were identified to co-circulate in the same region and a difference in the platelet and leukocyte count was noted between people infected with each clade, suggesting a putative distinct virulence. Our study sheds light on the necessity for healthcare strategies in managing arbovirus outbreaks, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive molecular and serological diagnostic approaches, as well as molecular characterization. This approach aids in enhancing our understanding of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of arboviral diseases during outbreaks. Our research highlights the need to strengthen training programs for health professionals and the need to increase research-based on laboratory evidence for diagnostic accuracy, guidance, development and implementation of public health interventions and epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Soto-Garita
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET) and Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- National Reference Centre for Virology, Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Tatiana Murillo
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET) and Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ileana Chávez-Peraza
- Siquirres Integral Healthcare Center (CAIS), Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS), Limón, Costa Rica
| | - Josué Campos-Ávila
- Siquirres Integral Healthcare Center (CAIS), Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS), Limón, Costa Rica
| | - Grace Prado-Hidalgo
- Talamanca Healthcare Center, Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS), Limón, Costa Rica
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Moreira-Soto
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases (CIET) and Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Martí MM, Castanha PMS, Barratt-Boyes SM. The Dynamic Relationship between Dengue Virus and the Human Cutaneous Innate Immune Response. Viruses 2024; 16:727. [PMID: 38793609 PMCID: PMC11125669 DOI: 10.3390/v16050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a continuing global threat that puts half of the world's population at risk for infection. This mosquito-transmitted virus is endemic in over 100 countries. When a mosquito takes a bloodmeal, virus is deposited into the epidermal and dermal layers of human skin, infecting a variety of permissive cells, including keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, macrophages, dermal dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and mast cells. In response to infection, the skin deploys an array of defense mechanisms to inhibit viral replication and prevent dissemination. Antimicrobial peptides, pattern recognition receptors, and cytokines induce a signaling cascade to increase transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes. Paradoxically, this inflammatory environment recruits skin-resident mononuclear cells that become infected and migrate out of the skin, spreading virus throughout the host. The details of the viral-host interactions in the cutaneous microenvironment remain unclear, partly due to the limited body of research focusing on DENV in human skin. This review will summarize the functional role of human skin, the cutaneous innate immune response to DENV, the contribution of the arthropod vector, and the models used to study DENV interactions in the cutaneous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Martí
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (M.M.M.); (P.M.S.C.)
| | - Priscila M. S. Castanha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (M.M.M.); (P.M.S.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciệncias Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-011, Brazil
| | - Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (M.M.M.); (P.M.S.C.)
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Bird C, Hayward GN, Turner PJ, Wasala D, Merrick V, Lyttle MD, Mullen N, Fanshawe TR. Infections diagnosed in children and young people screened for malaria in UK emergency departments: a retrospective multi-centre study. Paediatr Int Child Health 2024; 44:1-7. [PMID: 38212934 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2023.2299576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on imported infections in children and young people (CYP) are sparse. AIMS To describe imported infections in CYP arriving from malaria-endemic areas and presenting to UK emergency departments (ED) who were screened for malaria. METHODS This is a retrospective, multi-centre, observational study nested in a diagnostic accuracy study for malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Any CYP < 16 years presenting to a participating ED with a history of fever and travel to a malaria-endemic area between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017 and who had a malaria screen as a part of standard care were included. Geographical risk was calculated for the most common tropical infections. RESULTS Of the 1414 CYP screened for malaria, 44.0% (n = 622) arrived from South Asia and 33.3% (n = 471) from sub-Saharan Africa. Half (50.0%) had infections common in both tropical and non-tropical settings such as viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI); 21.0% of infections were coded as tropical if gastro-enteritis is included, with a total of 4.2% (60) cases of malaria. CYP diagnosed with malaria were 7.44 times more likely to have arrived from sub-Saharan Africa than from South Asia (OR 7.44, 3.78-16.41). CONCLUSION A fifth of CYP presenting to participating UK EDs with fever and a history of travel to a malaria-endemic area and who were screened for malaria had a tropical infection if diarrhoea is included. A third of CYP had no diagnosis. CYP arriving from sub-Saharan Africa had the greatest risk of malaria.Abbreviations: CYP: children and young people; ED: emergency department; PERUKI: Paediatric Emergency Research in the UK and Ireland; RDT: rapid diagnostic test; VFR: visiting friends and relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bird
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Infection, Respiratory and Acute Care, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gail N Hayward
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Turner
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Desha Wasala
- Emergency Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, UK
| | - Vanessa Merrick
- Emergency Department, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark D Lyttle
- Emergency Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, UK
- Research in Emergency Care Avon Collaborative Hub (REACH), University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Niall Mullen
- Emergency Department, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Thomas R Fanshawe
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Willoughby JR, McKenzie BA, Ahn J, Steury TD, Lepzcyk CA, Zohdy S. Assessing and managing the risk of Aedes mosquito introductions via the global maritime trade network. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012110. [PMID: 38598547 PMCID: PMC11034661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The global shipping network (GSN) has been suggested as a pathway for the establishment and reintroduction of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus primarily via the tire trade. We used historical maritime movement data in combination with an agent-based model to understand invasion risk in the United States Gulf Coast and how the risk of these invasions could be reduced. We found a strong correlation between the total number of cargo ship arrivals at each port and likelihood of arrival by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Additionally, in 2012, 99.2% of the arrivals into target ports had most recently visited ports likely occupied by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, increasing risk of Aedes invasion. Our model results indicated that detection and removal of mosquitoes from containers when they are unloaded effectively reduced the probability of mosquito populations establishment even when the connectivity of ports increased. To reduce the risk of invasion and reintroduction of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, surveillance and control efforts should be employed when containers leave high risk locations and when they arrive in ports at high risk of establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna R. Willoughby
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. McKenzie
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jordan Ahn
- Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Todd D. Steury
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Lepzcyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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Hungwe FTT, Laycock KM, Ntereke TD, Mabaka R, Paganotti GM. A historical perspective on arboviruses of public health interest in Southern Africa. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:131-159. [PMID: 38082563 PMCID: PMC11141323 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2290375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are an existing and expanding threat globally, with the potential for causing devastating health and socioeconomic impacts. Mitigating this threat necessitates a One Health approach that integrates vector surveillance, rapid disease detection, and innovative prevention and control measures. In Southern Africa, limited data on the epidemiology of arboviruses, their vectors, and their hosts prevent an effective response. We reviewed the current knowledge on arboviruses in Southern Africa and identified opportunities for further research. A literature search was conducted to identify studies published on arboviruses in 10 tropical and temperate countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) from 1900 onward. We identified 280 studies, half (51.1%) originating from South Africa, that described 31 arboviral species, their vectors, and their clinical effects on hosts reported in the region. Arboviral research flourished in the SADC in the mid-20th century but then declined, before reemerging in the last two decades. Recent research consists largely of case reports describing outbreaks. Historical vector surveillance and serosurveys from the mid-20th century suggest that arboviruses are plentiful across Southern Africa, but large gaps remain in the current understanding of arboviral distribution, transmission dynamics, and public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith T. T. Hungwe
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine M. Laycock
- The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Rorisang Mabaka
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Giacomo M. Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Gunale B, Farinola N, Yeolekar L, Shrivastava S, Girgis H, Poonawalla CS, Dhere RM, Arankalle V, Chandra Mishra A, Mehla R, Kulkarni PS. A Phase 1, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine in adults. Vaccine 2023; 41:5614-5621. [PMID: 37532611 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is an important public health problem, especially in Asia and South America. A tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine was manufactured in India after receipt of vaccine strains from NIAID, NIH, USA. METHODS This was a Phase 1, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study performed in 60 healthy adults of 18 to 45 years. Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive a single subcutaneous injection of either a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine or placebo. Safety was assessed by unsolicited adverse events (AEs) and solicited reactions through 21 days after vaccination and serious adverse events (SAEs) through the entire study period of 180 days. Dengue viremia was assessed at baseline and on day 9, 11 and 13 post-vaccination using a plaque assay. Immunogenicity was assessed using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay using vaccine-matched wild virus serotypes (DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3 and DENV 4) at baseline and on 56-, 84- and 180-days post-vaccination. PRNT assay using circulating wild type DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3 and DENV 4 were done on day 1 and day 85 for a subset of 31 participants. RESULTS 60 participants were randomized to receive dengue vaccine (n = 40) or placebo (n = 20). 23 participants (59 %) showed DENV vaccine viremia post- vaccination for any of the four serotypes with majority on day 9 and day 11. At baseline, all participants were naïve by dengue PRNT50 for all four serotypes in both the study groups except for four in the dengue vaccine group and two in the placebo group. On day 57, the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies ranged from 66.76 (95 % CI 36.63, 121.69) to 293.84 (95 % CI 192.25, 449.11) for all four serotypes in the dengue vaccine group. On day 181 though the titers declined, they still remained much higher than the baseline. The titers in the placebo group did not change after vaccination. Seroconversion through day 85 ranged from 79.5 % for DENV 1 to 100 % for DENV2 while in the placebo group, no participant showed seroconversion through day 85. Similar trends were noted when PRNT was done using wild DENV serotypes in both vaccine and placebo groups. Among solicited reactions, injection site erythema, rash, headache, fatigue, myalgia and arthralgia were reported more frequently in the vaccine group than placebo group. All solicited reactions were of grade 1 or grade 2 severity and completely resolved. One unrelated serious adverse event was reported in the vaccine group. CONCLUSION A single dose of dengue vaccine was safe and well tolerated in adults. The vaccine was highly immunogenic with trivalent or tetravalent seroconversion and seropositivity in most of the participants. The study was funded by Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India. CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT04035278.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hanna Girgis
- PPD, 3900 Paramount Pkwy, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | | | | | - Vidya Arankalle
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Pune, India
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Bergmann JB, Moatsou D, Steiner U, Wilts BD. Bio-inspired materials to control and minimise insect attachment. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:051001. [PMID: 36099911 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac91b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
More than three quarters of all animal species on Earth are insects, successfully inhabiting most ecosystems on the planet. Due to their opulence, insects provide the backbone of many biological processes, but also inflict adverse impacts on agricultural and stored products, buildings and human health. To countermeasure insect pests, the interactions of these animals with their surroundings have to be fully understood. This review focuses on the various forms of insect attachment, natural surfaces that have evolved to counter insect adhesion, and particularly features recently developed synthetic bio-inspired solutions. These bio-inspired solutions often enhance the variety of applicable mechanisms observed in nature and open paths for improved technological solutions that are needed in a changing global society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B Bergmann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Cardenas R, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Benitez-Valladares D, Sánchez-Tejeda G, Kroeger A. The Early Warning and Response System (EWARS-TDR) for dengue outbreaks: can it also be applied to chikungunya and Zika outbreak warning? BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:235. [PMID: 35255839 PMCID: PMC8902764 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Americas, endemic countries for Aedes-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika face great challenges particularly since the recent outbreaks of CHIKV and ZIKV, all transmitted by the same insect vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR-WHO) has developed together with partners an Early Warning and Response System (EWARS) for dengue outbreaks based on a variety of alarm signals with a high sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). The question is if this tool can also be used for the prediction of Zika and chikungunya outbreaks. METHODOLOGY We conducted in nine districts of Mexico and one large city in Colombia a retrospective analysis of epidemiological data (for the outbreak definition) and of climate and entomological data (as potential alarm indicators) produced by the national surveillance systems for dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreak prediction covering the following outbreak years: for dengue 2012-2016, for Zika 2015-2017, for chikungunya 2014-2016. This period was divided into a "run in period" (to establish the "historical" pattern of the disease) and an "analysis period" (to identify sensitivity and PPV of outbreak prediction). RESULTS In Mexico, the sensitivity of alarm signals for correctly predicting an outbreak was 100% for dengue, and 97% for Zika (chikungunya data could not be obtained in Mexico); the PPV was 83% for dengue and 100% for Zika. The time period between alarm and start of the outbreak (i.e. the time available for early response activities) was for Zika 4-5 weeks. In Colombia the sensitivity of the outbreak prediction was 92% for dengue, 93% for chikungunya and 100% for Zika; the PPV was 68% for dengue, 92% for chikungunya and 54% for Zika; the prediction distance was for dengue 3-5 weeks, for chikungunya 10-13 weeks and for Zika 6-10 weeks. CONCLUSION EWARS demonstrated promising capability of timely disease outbreak prediction with an operational design likely to improve the coordination among stakeholders. However, the prediction validity varied substantially across different types of diseases and appeared less optimal in low endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Cardenas
- Instituto Departamental de Salud de Norte de Santander-IDS, Norte de Santander, Colombia. .,Centre for Medicine and Society, Master Programme Global Urban Health, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, Global Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Benitez-Valladares
- Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, CENAPRECE, Secretaría de Salud de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gustavo Sánchez-Tejeda
- Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, CENAPRECE, Secretaría de Salud de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Axel Kroeger
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) at the World Health Organization in Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for Medicine and Society, Master Programme Global Urban Health, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Matthews RJ, Kaluthotage I, Russell TL, Knox TB, Horwood PF, Craig AT. Arboviral Disease Outbreaks in the Pacific Islands Countries and Areas, 2014 to 2020: A Systematic Literature and Document Review. Pathogens 2022; 11:74. [PMID: 35056022 PMCID: PMC8779081 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne diseases pose a significant public health threat, accounting for greater than 17% of infectious disease cases and 1 million deaths annually. Across Pacific Island countries and areas (PICs), outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are increasing in frequency and scale. Data about arbovirus outbreaks are incomplete, with reports sporadic, delayed, and often based solely on syndromic surveillance. We undertook a systematic review of published and grey literature and contacted relevant regional authorities to collect information about arboviral activity affecting PICs between October 2014 and June 2020. Our literature search identified 1176 unique peer-reviewed articles that were reduced to 25 relevant publications when screened. Our grey literature search identified 873 sources. Collectively, these data reported 104 unique outbreaks, including 72 dengue outbreaks affecting 19 (out of 22) PICs, 14 chikungunya outbreaks affecting 11 PICs, and 18 Zika outbreaks affecting 14 PICs. Our review is the most complete account of arboviral outbreaks to affect PICs since comparable work was published in 2014. It highlights the continued elevated level of arboviral activity across the Pacific and inconsistencies in how information about outbreaks is reported and recorded. It demonstrates the importance of a One-Health approach and the role that improved communication and reporting between different governments and sectors play in understanding the emergence, circulation, and transboundary risks posed by arboviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie J. Matthews
- Department of Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, QID 4870, Australia
| | - Ishani Kaluthotage
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QID 4870, Australia; (I.K.); (T.L.R.)
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QID 4870, Australia
| | - Tanya L. Russell
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QID 4870, Australia; (I.K.); (T.L.R.)
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QID 4870, Australia
| | - Tessa B. Knox
- Vanuatu Country Liaison Office, World Health Organization, Port Vila, Vanuatu;
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QID 4811, Australia;
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QID 4811, Australia
| | - Adam T. Craig
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 1466, Australia
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11
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Prevention and control of dengue and Chikungunya in Colombia: A cost-effectiveness analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010086. [PMID: 34965277 PMCID: PMC8752007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya and dengue are emerging diseases that have caused large outbreaks in various regions of the world. Both are both spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. We developed a dynamic transmission model of chikungunya and dengue, calibrated to data from Colombia (June 2014 –December 2017). Methodology/Principal findings We evaluated the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of residual insecticide treatment, long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, routine dengue vaccination for children aged 9, catchup vaccination for individuals aged 10–19 or 10–29, and portfolios of these interventions. Model calibration resulted in 300 realistic transmission parameters sets that produced close matches to disease-specific incidence and deaths. Insecticide was the preferred intervention and was cost-effective. Insecticide averted an estimated 95 chikungunya cases and 114 dengue cases per 100,000 people, 61 deaths, and 4,523 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In sensitivity analysis, strategies that included dengue vaccination were cost-effective only when the vaccine cost was 14% of the current price. Conclusions/Significance Insecticide to prevent chikungunya and dengue in Colombia could generate significant health benefits and be cost-effective. Because of limits on diagnostic accuracy and vaccine efficacy, the cost of dengue testing and vaccination must decrease dramatically for such vaccination to be cost-effective in Colombia. The vectors for chikungunya and dengue have recently spread to new regions, highlighting the importance of understanding the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of policies aimed at preventing these diseases. Chikungunya and dengue are emerging diseases that have caused large outbreaks in various regions of the world. Both are both spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions aimed at controlling either of these diseases, it is important to consider the potential effects on both diseases, as an intervention that reduces the mosquito population will reduce the spread of both diseases. We developed a dynamic transmission model of chikungunya and dengue, calibrated to data from Colombia. We evaluated the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of the following interventions: residual insecticide treatment, long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, routine dengue vaccination for children aged 9, catchup dengue vaccination for individuals aged 10–19 or 10–29, and portfolios of these interventions. In all vaccination scenarios, we considered testing for previous exposure to dengue. We found that insecticide to prevent chikungunya and dengue in Colombia could generate significant health benefits and be cost-effective. While the dengue vaccine was effective in preventing cases and deaths, costs of diagnostic testing and vaccination must decrease for dengue vaccination to be considered cost-effective.
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12
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Yang X, Quam MBM, Zhang T, Sang S. Global burden for dengue and the evolving pattern in the past 30 years. J Travel Med 2021; 28:6368502. [PMID: 34510205 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease. We present the global, regional and national burden of dengue from 1990 to 2019 based on the findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019). METHODS Based upon GBD 2019 dengue data on age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate, this study estimates and presents annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify trends over time to assess potential correlates of increased dengue activity, such as global travel and warming. RESULTS Globally from 1990 to 2019, dengue incident cases, deaths and DALYs gradually increased. Those under 5 years of age, once accounting for the largest portion of deaths and DALYs in 1990, were eclipsed by those who were 15-49 years old in 2019. Age standardized incidence [ASIR: EAPC: 3.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.90-3.43], death (ASDR: EAPC: 5.42, 95% CI: 2.64-8.28) and DALY rates (EAPC: 2.31, 95% CI: 2.00-2.62) accelerated most among high-middle and high sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. South-East Asia and South Asia had most of the dengue incident cases, deaths and DALYs, but East Asia had the fastest rise in ASIR (EAPC: 4.57, 95% CI: 4.31, 4.82), while Tropical Latin America led in ASDR (EAPC: 11.32, 95% CI: 9.11, 13.58) and age-standardized DALYs rate (EAPC: 4.13, 95% CI: 2.98, 5.29). SDI showed consistent bell-shaped relationship with ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate. Global land-ocean temperature index and air passenger travel metrics were found to be remarkably positively correlated with dengue burden. CONCLUSIONS The burden of dengue has become heavier from 1990 to 2019, amidst the three decades of urbanization, warming climates and increased human mobility in much of the world. South-East Asia and South Asia remain as regions of concern, especially in conjunction with the Americas' swift rise in dengue burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mikkel B M Quam
- Section on Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Sweden.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 43210, USA
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Sang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
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13
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Viglietta M, Bellone R, Blisnick AA, Failloux AB. Vector Specificity of Arbovirus Transmission. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:773211. [PMID: 34956136 PMCID: PMC8696169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 25% of human infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases (VBDs). These diseases, caused by pathogens shared between animals and humans, are a growing threat to global health with more than 2.5 million annual deaths. Mosquitoes and ticks are the main vectors of arboviruses including flaviviruses, which greatly affect humans. However, all tick or mosquito species are not able to transmit all viruses, suggesting important molecular mechanisms regulating viral infection, dissemination, and transmission by vectors. Despite the large distribution of arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks) and arboviruses, only a few pairings of arthropods (family, genus, and population) and viruses (family, genus, and genotype) successfully transmit. Here, we review the factors that might limit pathogen transmission: internal (vector genetics, immune responses, microbiome including insect-specific viruses, and coinfections) and external, either biotic (adult and larvae nutrition) or abiotic (temperature, chemicals, and altitude). This review will demonstrate the dynamic nature and complexity of virus–vector interactions to help in designing appropriate practices in surveillance and prevention to reduce VBD threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Viglietta
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Bellone
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Albert Blisnick
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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14
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Alkhaldy I, Barnett R. Explaining Neighbourhood Variations in the Incidence of Dengue Fever in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13220. [PMID: 34948849 PMCID: PMC8706944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth and development of cities is a contributing factor to the rise and persistence of dengue fever (DF) in many areas around the world. Many studies have examined how neighbourhood environmental conditions contribute to dengue fever and its spread, but have not paid enough attention to links between socio-economic conditions and other factors, including population composition, population density, the presence of migrant groups, and neighbourhood environmental conditions. This study examines DF and its distribution across 56 neighbourhoods of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, where the incidence of dengue remains high. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis it focuses on the key ecological correlates of DF from 2006-2009, the years of the initial outbreak. Neighbourhood variations in average case rates per 10,000 population (2006-2009) were largely predicted by the Saudi gender ratio and socio-economic status (SES), the respective beta coefficients being 0.56 and 0.32 (p < 0.001). Overall, 77.1% of cases occurred in the poorest neighbourhoods. SES effects, however, are complex and were partly mediated by neighbourhood population density and the presence of migrant groups. SES effects persisted after controls for both factors, suggesting the effect of other structural factors and reflecting a lack of DF awareness and the lack of vector control strategies in poorer neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood environmental conditions, as measured by the presence of surface water, were not significant. It is suggested that future research pay more attention to the different pathways that link neighbourhood social status to dengue and wider health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alkhaldy
- Department of Administrative and Human Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ross Barnett
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
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15
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Näslund J, Ahlm C, Islam K, Evander M, Bucht G, Lwande OW. Emerging Mosquito-Borne Viruses Linked to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: Global Status and Preventive Strategies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:731-746. [PMID: 34424778 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging mosquito-borne viruses continue to cause serious health problems and economic burden among billions of people living in and near the tropical belt of the world. The highly invasive mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have successively invaded and expanded their presence as key vectors of Chikungunya virus, dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus, and that has consecutively led to frequent outbreaks of the corresponding viral diseases. Of note, these two mosquito species have gradually adapted to the changing weather and environmental conditions leading to a shift in the epidemiology of the viral diseases, and facilitated their establishment in new ecozones inhabited by immunologically naive human populations. Many abilities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, as vectors of significant arbovirus pathogens, may affect the infection and transmission rates after a bloodmeal, and may influence the vector competence for either virus. We highlight that many collaborating risk factors, for example, the global transportation systems may result in sporadic and more local outbreaks caused by mosquito-borne viruses related to Ae. aegypti and/or Ae. albopictus. Those local outbreaks could in synergy grow and produce larger epidemics with pandemic characters. There is an urgent need for improved surveillance of vector populations, human cases, and reliable prediction models. In summary, we recommend new and innovative strategies for the prevention of these types of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Näslund
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN, Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Koushikul Islam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Göran Bucht
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Olivia Wesula Lwande
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.,Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
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16
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Kiser LM, Sokoloski KJ, Hardy RW. Interactions between capsid and viral RNA regulate Chikungunya virus translation in a host-specific manner. Virology 2021; 560:34-42. [PMID: 34023723 PMCID: PMC8206026 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are positive sense, RNA viruses commonly transmitted by an arthropod vector to a mammalian or avian host. In recent years, a number of the Alphavirus members have reemerged as public health concerns. Transmission from mosquito vector to vertebrate hosts requires an understanding of the interaction between the virus and both vertebrate and insect hosts to develop rational intervention strategies. The current study uncovers a novel role for capsid protein during Chikungunya virus replication whereby the interaction with viral RNA in the E1 coding region regulates protein synthesis processes early in infection. Studies done in both the mammalian and mosquito cells indicate that interactions between viral RNA and capsid protein have functional consequences that are host species specific. Our data support a vertebrate-specific role for capsid:vRNA interaction in temporally regulating viral translation in a manner dependent on the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Kiser
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kevin J Sokoloski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Richard W Hardy
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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17
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Characterization of a Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Isolated from a Patient in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070872. [PMID: 34358022 PMCID: PMC8308707 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue (DEN) is the most important human arboviral disease worldwide. Sporadic outbreaks of DEN have been reported since 1980 in urban communities located along the border in southeast Texas and northern Mexico. Other than the Rio Grande Valley region of TX, autochthonous transmission of DENV has not been reported from any other US border communities. As part of a surveillance program for arthropod-borne viruses in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, during November 2015, a blood sample was obtained from a female patient who experienced an undifferentiated fever and arthralgia. The plasma of the sample was tested for virus in Vero-76 and C6/36 cells. DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) was isolated in the C6/36 cells, and nucleotide sequencing of the envelope gene and full genome grouped the DENV-1 isolate in the Central America clade. The patient had not traveled outside of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, thus suggesting DENV-1 infection was acquired in this community.
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18
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Pontremoli C, Forni D, Clerici M, Cagliani R, Sironi M. Alternation between taxonomically divergent hosts is not the major determinant of flavivirus evolution. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab040. [PMID: 33976907 PMCID: PMC8093920 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses display diverse epidemiological and ecological features. Tick-borne and mosquito-borne flaviviruses (TBFV and MBFV, respectively) are important human pathogens that alternate replication in invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. The Flavivirus genus also includes insect-specific viruses (ISFVs) and viruses with unknown invertebrate hosts. It is generally accepted that viruses that alternate between taxonomically different hosts evolve slowly and that the evolution of MBFVs and TBFVs is dominated by strong constraints, with limited episodes of positive selection. We exploited the availability of flavivirus genomes to test these hypotheses and to compare their rates and patterns of evolution. We estimated the substitution rates of CFAV and CxFV (two ISFVs) and, by taking into account the time-frame of measurement, compared them with those of other flaviviruses. Results indicated that CFAV and CxFV display relatively different substitution rates. However, these data, together with estimates for single-host members of the Flaviviridae family, indicated that MBFVs do not display relatively slower evolution. Conversely, TBFVs displayed some of lowest substitution rates among flaviviruses. Analysis of selective patterns over longer evolutionary time-frames confirmed that MBFVs evolve under strong purifying selection. Interestingly, TBFVs and ISFVs did not show extremely different levels of constraint, although TBFVs alternate among hosts, whereas ISFVs do not. Additional results showed that episodic positive selection drove the evolution of MBFVs, despite their high constraint. Positive selection was also detected on two branches of the TBFVs phylogeny that define the seabird clade. Thus, positive selection was much more common during the evolution of arthropod-borne flaviviruses than previously thought. Overall, our data indicate that flavivirus evolutionary patterns are complex and most likely determined by multiple factors, not limited to the alternation between taxonomically divergent hosts. The frequency of both positive and purifying selection, especially in MBFVs, suggests that a minority of sites in the viral polyprotein experience weak constraint and can evolve to generate new viral phenotypes and possibly promote adaptation to new hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Forni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini 23842, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy,Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini 23842, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini 23842, Italy
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19
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Chikungunya Virus Replication Rate Determines the Capacity of Crossing Tissue Barriers in Mosquitoes. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01956-20. [PMID: 33148794 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01956-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging and rapidly spreading pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes. The emergence of new epidemic variants of the virus is associated with genetic evolutionary traits, including duplication of repeated RNA elements in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) that seemingly favor transmission by mosquitoes. The transmission potential of a given variant results from a complex interplay between virus populations and anatomical tissue barriers in the mosquito. Here, we used the wild-type CHIKV Caribbean strain and an engineered mutant harboring a deletion in the 3' UTR to dissect the interactions of virus variants with the anatomical barriers that impede transmission during the replication cycle of the virus in Aedes mosquitoes. Compared to the 3'-UTR mutant, we observed that the wild-type virus had a short extrinsic incubation period (EIP) after an infectious blood meal and was expectorated into mosquito saliva much more efficiently. We found that high viral titers in the midgut are not sufficient to escape the midgut escape barrier. Rather, viral replication kinetics play a crucial role in determining midgut escape and the transmission ability of CHIKV. Finally, competition tests in mosquitoes coinfected with wild-type and mutant viruses revealed that both viruses successfully colonized the midgut, but wild-type viruses effectively displaced mutant viruses during systemic infection due to their greater efficiency of escaping from the midgut into secondary tissues. Overall, our results uncover a link between CHIKV replication kinetics and the effect of bottlenecks on population diversity, as slowly replicating variants are less able to overcome the midgut escape barrier.IMPORTANCE It is well established that selective pressures in mosquito vectors impose population bottlenecks for arboviruses. Here, we used a CHIKV Caribbean lineage mutant carrying a deletion in the 3' UTR to study host-virus interactions in vivo in the epidemic mosquito vector Aedes aegypti We found that the mutant virus had a delayed replication rate in mosquitoes, which lengthened the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) and reduced fitness relative to the wild-type virus. As a result, the mutant virus displayed a reduced capacity to cross anatomical barriers during the infection cycle in mosquitoes, thus reducing the virus transmission rate. Our findings show how selective pressures act on CHIKV noncoding regions to select variants with shorter EIPs that are preferentially transmitted by the mosquito vector.
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20
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Watts DM, Rodriguez CM, Palermo PM, Suarez V, Wong SJ, Orbegozo J, Dupuis AP, Kramer LD, Gonzalez FJ, Handel GA. Serosurvey for dengue virus infection among pregnant women in the West Nile virus enzootic community of El Paso Texas. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242889. [PMID: 33253280 PMCID: PMC7703982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
All 4 dengue viruses (DENV) cause sporadic outbreaks of human disease in the Rio Grande Valley along the US-Mexico border. In addition, West Nile virus (WNV) is enzootic in most border communities, and is the only arbovirus known to cause human disease in the El Paso, Texas community. In an effort to determine if DENV were also endemic in the El Paso community, a serosurvey was conducted among mothers at the time of delivery of their babies in selected hospitals. Cord-blood plasma samples obtained from mothers were tested for DENV antibody by an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and a multiplex microsphere immunoassay. All DENV antibody positive plasma samples were also tested for WNV antibody by the same assays to consider the possibility that DENV antibody positive samples reflected WNV cross reactive antibody. The results indicated that 0.74% (11/1,472) of the mothers had a previous DENV infection and that 3.3% (48/1,472) had a previous WNV infection. Of these mothers, 0.20% (3/1,472) had antibody to both DENV and WNV as evidence of infection by both viruses. The results indicated that 0.2% (3/1472) of the mothers were positive for antibody to only WNV envelope, thus suggesting an undetermined flavivirus infection. Although 6 of the 11 DENV antibody positive mothers did not have a history of travel to a DENV endemic country, the findings of this survey provided further evidence of local transmission of WNV and suggested the possibility of focal autochthonous transmission of DENV in the El Paso community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M. Watts
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pedro M. Palermo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veronica Suarez
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Wong
- Diagnostic Immunology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alan P. Dupuis
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Gilbert A. Handel
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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21
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Tripathi PK, Soni A, Singh Yadav SP, Kumar A, Gaurav N, Raghavendhar S, Sharma P, Sunil S, Ashish, Jayaram B, Patel AK. Evaluation of novobiocin and telmisartan for anti-CHIKV activity. Virology 2020; 548:250-260. [PMID: 32791353 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya has re-emerged as an epidemic with global distribution and high morbidity, necessitating the need for effective therapeutics. We utilized already approved drugs with a good safety profile used in other diseases for their new property of anti-chikungunya activity. It provides a base for a fast and efficient approach to bring a novel therapy from bench to bedside by the process of drug-repositioning. We utilized an in-silico drug screening with FDA approved molecule library to identify inhibitors of the chikungunya nsP2 protease, a multifunctional and essential non-structural protein required for virus replication. Telmisartan, an anti-hypertension drug, and the antibiotic novobiocin emerged among top hits on the screen. Further, SPR experiments revealed strong in-vitro binding of telmisartan and novobiocin to nsP2 protein. Additionally, small angle x-ray scattering suggested binding of molecules to nsP2 and post-binding compaction and retention of monomeric state in the protein-inhibitor complex. Protease activity measurement revealed that both compounds inhibited nsP2 protease activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. More importantly, plaque formation assays could show the effectiveness of these drugs in suppressing virus propagation in host cells. We propose novobiocin and telmisartan as potential inhibitors of chikungunya replication. Further research is required to establish the molecules as antivirals of clinical relevance against chikungunya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Tripathi
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anjali Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | | | - Ankit Kumar
- Vector-Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nitika Gaurav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector-Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashish
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Bhyravabhotla Jayaram
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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22
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Risk factors of exposure to Aedes albopictus bites in mainland France using an immunological biomarker. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 147:e238. [PMID: 31364567 PMCID: PMC6625181 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the invasive Aedes albopictus vector has spread across Europe and is responsible for numerous outbreaks of autochthonous arboviral disease. The aim of this study was to identify epidemiological and sociological risk factors related to individual levels of exposure to Aedes albopictus bites. A multidisciplinary survey was conducted with volunteer blood donors living in areas either colonised or not by Aedes albopictus in mainland France. Individual levels of exposure were evaluated by measuring the IgG level specific to Aedes albopictus saliva. The most striking risk factors concerned the localisation and characteristics of the dwelling. Individuals living in areas colonised prior to 2009 or recently colonised (between 2010 and 2012) had higher anti-salivary gland extract IgG levels compared with those who were living in areas not yet colonised by Ae. albopictus. The type of dwelling did not seem to impact the level of exposure to Aedes bites. People living in apartments had a higher anti-salivary gland extract IgG level than those living in individual houses but the difference was not statistically significant. Interestingly, the presence of air conditioning or window nets was associated with a noticeable reduction in bite intensity.
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23
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Maier SB, Massad E, Amaku M, Burattini MN, Greenhalgh D. The Optimal Age of Vaccination Against Dengue with an Age-Dependent Biting Rate with Application to Brazil. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:12. [PMID: 31933012 PMCID: PMC6957571 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we introduce a single serotype transmission model, including an age-dependent mosquito biting rate, to find the optimal vaccination age against dengue in Brazil with Dengvaxia. The optimal vaccination age and minimal lifetime expected risk of hospitalisation are found by adapting a method due to Hethcote (Math Biosci 89:29–52). Any number and combination of the four dengue serotypes DENv1–4 is considered. Successful vaccination against a serotype corresponds to a silent infection. The effects of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and permanent cross-immunity after two heterologous infections are studied. ADE is assumed to imply risk-free primary infections, while permanent cross-immunity implies risk-free tertiary and quaternary infections. Data from trials of Dengvaxia indicate vaccine efficacy to be age and serostatus dependent and vaccination of seronegative individuals to induce an increased risk of hospitalisation. Some of the scenarios are therefore reconsidered taking these findings into account. The optimal vaccination age is compared to that achievable under the current age restriction of the vaccine. If vaccination is not considered to induce risk, optimal vaccination ages are very low. The assumption of ADE generally leads to a higher optimal vaccination age in this case. For a single serotype vaccination is not recommended in the case of ADE. Permanent cross-immunity results in a slightly lower optimal vaccination age. If vaccination induces a risk, the optimal vaccination ages are much higher, particularly for permanent cross-immunity. ADE has no effect on the optimal vaccination age when permanent cross-immunity is considered; otherwise, it leads to a slight increase in optimal vaccination age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra B Maier
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XH, U.K
| | - Eduardo Massad
- LIM01-Hospital de Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K.,School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Amaku
- LIM01-Hospital de Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N Burattini
- LIM01-Hospital de Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David Greenhalgh
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XH, U.K..
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24
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Xu J, Xu K, Li Z, Meng F, Tu T, Xu L, Liu Q. Forecast of Dengue Cases in 20 Chinese Cities Based on the Deep Learning Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020453. [PMID: 31936708 PMCID: PMC7014037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) is one of the most rapidly spreading diseases in the world, and accurate forecasts of dengue in a timely manner might help local government implement effective control measures. To obtain the accurate forecasting of DF cases, it is crucial to model the long-term dependency in time series data, which is difficult for a typical machine learning method. This study aimed to develop a timely accurate forecasting model of dengue based on long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks while only considering monthly dengue cases and climate factors. The performance of LSTM models was compared with the other previously published models when predicting DF cases one month into the future. Our results showed that the LSTM model reduced the average the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the predictions by 12.99% to 24.91% and reduced the average RMSE of the predictions in the outbreak period by 15.09% to 26.82% as compared with other candidate models. The LSTM model achieved superior performance in predicting dengue cases as compared with other previously published forecasting models. Moreover, transfer learning (TL) can improve the generalization ability of the model in areas with fewer dengue incidences. The findings provide a more precise forecasting dengue model and could be used for other dengue-like infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiucheng Xu
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.X.); (K.X.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Computing Intelligence and Data Mining, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Engineering Lab of Intelligence Business & Internet of Things, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Keqiang Xu
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (J.X.); (K.X.)
- Engineering Lab of Intelligence Business & Internet of Things, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengxia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Taotian Tu
- Institute of Disinfection and Vector Biological Control, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China;
| | - Lei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (Q.L.)
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25
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Zimmerman MG, Wrammert J, Suthar MS. Cross-Reactive Antibodies during Zika Virus Infection: Protection, Pathogenesis, and Placental Seeding. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:14-24. [PMID: 31917957 PMCID: PMC7802743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity is an essential component of the protective immune response to flavivirus infection. Typically, primary infection generates a robust neutralizing antibody response that mediates viral control and protection. It is becoming increasingly apparent that secondary infection with a closely related flavivirus strain can result in immunological cross-reactivity; however, the consequences to infection outcome remain controversial. Since its introduction to Brazil in 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused an epidemic of fetal congenital malformations within the Americas. Because ZIKV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with a high degree of sequence and structural homology to Dengue virus (DENV), the role of immunological cross-reactivity in ZIKV and DENV infections has become a great concern. In this review, we highlight contemporary findings that implicate a role for flavivirus antibodies in mediating protection, contributing to pathogenesis, and seeding the human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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26
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Pinto JR, Silva Junior GBD, Mota RMS, Martins P, Santos AKT, Moura DCND, Pires Neto RDJ, Daher EDF. Clinical profile and factors associated with hospitalization during a Chikungunya epidemic in Ceará, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190167. [PMID: 31596350 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0167-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of Chikungunya virus infection and the factors associated with hospitalization during the peak of the most recent epidemic period in Brazil (2016-2017). METHODS Two official databases of the State Health Secretariat of Ceará were used, and a total of 182,731 notifications were analyzed. RESULTS Independent factors associated with hospital admission were chronic kidney disease (OR 4.56, 95% CI 3.36-6.17), hypertension (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.69-2.14), leukopenia (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.56-2.30) and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.44-1.99). CONCLUSIONS The pre-existing comorbidities have shown the potential to destabilize the patients' clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Reginaldo Pinto
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - Rosa Maria Salani Mota
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Estatística e Matemática Aplicada, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Pollyana Martins
- Faculdade Luciano Feijão, Grupo Interprofissional de Pesquisa em Saúde. Sobral, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | | | - Roberto da Justa Pires Neto
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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27
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Obregón JA, Ximenez MA, Villalobos EE, de Valdez MRW. Vector Mosquito Surveillance Using Centers For Disease Control and Prevention Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps In San Antonio, Texas. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2019; 35:178-185. [PMID: 31647715 DOI: 10.2987/18-6809.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito surveillance in large urban areas of the southern USA that border Mexico has become increasingly important due to recent transmission of Zika virus and chikungunya virus in the Americas as well as the continued threat of dengue and West Nile viruses. The vectors of these viruses, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, co-occur in residential areas, requiring vector control entities to deploy several different trap types, often expensive and labor-intensive, to surveil these ecologically different species. We evaluated the use of a single trap type, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGOs), to monitor all 3 vector species across residential neighborhoods in San Antonio, TX, over 12 wk (epiweeks 24-35). Mosquito abundance was highest early in our surveillance period (epiweek 25) and was driven largely by Cx. quinquefasciatus. The AGOs collected significantly more Cx. quinquefasciatus than both Aedes species, with more Ae. aegypti collected than Ae. albopictus. The average number of Ae. aegypti captured per trap was consistent across most neighborhoods except for 2 areas where one had significantly the highest and the other with the lowest mosquitoes collected per trap. The average number of Ae. albopictus captured per trap varied with no clear pattern, and Cx. quinquefasciatus were trapped most often near forested hill country neighborhoods. These results indicate that AGOs are appropriate for detecting and tracking the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus across a large and diverse urban landscape over time and therefore may be an inexpensive and streamlined option for vector surveillance programs in large cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Obregón
- Program of Biology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas 78224
| | - Michelle A Ximenez
- Program of Biology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas 78224
| | - Estefany E Villalobos
- Program of Biology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas 78224
| | - Megan R Wise de Valdez
- Program of Biology, Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas 78224
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28
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Aldersley A, Pongsiri A, Bunmee K, Kijchalao U, Chittham W, Fansiri T, Pathawong N, Qureshi A, Harrington LC, Ponlawat A, Cator LJ. Too "sexy" for the field? Paired measures of laboratory and semi-field performance highlight variability in the apparent mating fitness of Aedes aegypti transgenic strains. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:357. [PMID: 31324262 PMCID: PMC6642483 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating and improving mating success and competitive ability of laboratory-reared transgenic mosquito strains will enhance the effectiveness of proposed disease-control strategies that involve deployment of transgenic strains. Two components of the mosquito rearing process, larval diet quantity and aquatic environment - which are linked to physiological and behavioural differences in adults - are both relatively easy to manipulate. In mosquitoes, as for many other arthropod species, the quality of the juvenile habitat is strongly associated with adult fitness characteristics, such as longevity and fecundity. However, the influence of larval conditioning on mating performance is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the combined effects of larval diet amount and environmental water source on adult male mating success in a genetically modified strain of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in competition with wild-type conspecifics. Importantly, this research was conducted in a field setting using low generation laboratory and wild-type lines. RESULTS By controlling larval diet (high and low) and rearing water source (field-collected and laboratory water), we generated four treatment lines of a genetically modified strain of Ae. aegypti tagged with fluorescent sperm. Laboratory reared mosquitoes were then competed against a low generation wild-type colony in a series of laboratory and semi-field mating experiments. While neither food quantity nor larval aquatic environment were found to affect male mating fitness, the transgenic lines consistently outperformed wild-types in laboratory competition assays, an advantage that was not conferred to semi-field tests. CONCLUSIONS Using a model transgenic system, our results indicate that differences in the experimental conditions of laboratory- and field-based measures of mating success can lead to variation in the perceived performance ability of modified strains if they are only tested in certain environments. While there are many potential sources of variation between laboratory and field lines, laboratory adaptation - which may occur over relatively few generations in this species - may directly impact mating ability depending on the context in which it is measured. We suggest that colony-hybridization with field material can potentially be used to mitigate these effects in a field setting. Release programs utilising mass-produced modified laboratory strains should incorporate comparative assessments of quality in candidate lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Aldersley
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Arissara Pongsiri
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonchanok Bunmee
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Udom Kijchalao
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wachiraphan Chittham
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyalak Fansiri
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattaphol Pathawong
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alima Qureshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | | | - Alongkot Ponlawat
- Vector Biology and Control Section, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lauren J. Cator
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
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29
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Filomatori CV, Bardossy ES, Merwaiss F, Suzuki Y, Henrion A, Saleh MC, Alvarez DE. RNA recombination at Chikungunya virus 3'UTR as an evolutionary mechanism that provides adaptability. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007706. [PMID: 30986247 PMCID: PMC6502353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of RNA viruses to adapt to new environments relies on their ability to introduce changes in their genomes, which has resulted in the recent expansion of re-emergent viruses. Chikungunya virus is an important human pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes that, after 60 years of exclusive circulation in Asia and Africa, has rapidly spread in Europe and the Americas. Here, we examined the evolution of CHIKV in different hosts and uncovered host-specific requirements of the CHIKV 3'UTR. Sequence repeats are conserved at the CHIKV 3'UTR but vary in copy number among viral lineages. We found that these blocks of repeated sequences favor RNA recombination processes through copy-choice mechanism that acts concertedly with viral selection, determining the emergence of new viral variants. Functional analyses using a panel of mutant viruses indicated that opposite selective pressures in mosquito and mammalian cells impose a fitness cost during transmission that is alleviated by recombination guided by sequence repeats. Indeed, drastic changes in the frequency of viral variants with different numbers of repeats were detected during host switch. We propose that RNA recombination accelerates CHIKV adaptability, allowing the virus to overcome genetic bottlenecks within the mosquito host. These studies highlight the role of 3'UTR plasticity on CHIKV evolution, providing a new paradigm to explain the significance of sequence repetitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V. Filomatori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia S. Bardossy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Merwaiss
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Henrion
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - María Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Diego E. Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Degner EC, Ahmed-Braimah YH, Borziak K, Wolfner MF, Harrington LC, Dorus S. Proteins, Transcripts, and Genetic Architecture of Seminal Fluid and Sperm in the Mosquito Aedes aegypti. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:S6-S22. [PMID: 30552291 PMCID: PMC6427228 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti,, transmits several viruses causative of serious diseases, including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Some proposed efforts to control this vector involve manipulating reproduction to suppress wild populations or to replace them with disease-resistant mosquitoes. The design of such strategies requires an intimate knowledge of reproductive processes, yet our basic understanding of reproductive genetics in this vector remains largely incomplete. To accelerate future investigations, we have comprehensively catalogued sperm and seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) transferred to females in the ejaculate using tandem mass spectrometry. By excluding female-derived proteins using an isotopic labeling approach, we identified 870 sperm proteins and 280 SFPs. Functional composition analysis revealed parallels with known aspects of sperm biology and SFP function in other insects. To corroborate our proteome characterization, we also generated transcriptomes for testes and the male accessory glands-the primary contributors to Ae. aegypti, sperm and seminal fluid, respectively. Differential gene expression of accessory glands from virgin and mated males suggests that transcripts encoding proteins involved in protein translation are upregulated post-mating. Several SFP transcripts were also modulated after mating, but >90% remained unchanged. Finally, a significant enrichment of SFPs was observed on chromosome 1, which harbors the male sex determining locus in this species. Our study provides a comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic characterization of ejaculate production and composition and thus provides a foundation for future investigations of Ae. aegypti, reproductive biology, from functional analysis of individual proteins to broader examination of reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Degner
- From the ‡Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Kirill Borziak
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mariana F Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York;.
| | - Laura C Harrington
- From the ‡Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York;.
| | - Steve Dorus
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.
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31
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Ledien J, Souv K, Leang R, Huy R, Cousien A, Peas M, Froehlich Y, Duboz R, Ong S, Duong V, Buchy P, Dussart P, Tarantola A. An algorithm applied to national surveillance data for the early detection of major dengue outbreaks in Cambodia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212003. [PMID: 30730979 PMCID: PMC6366704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a national priority disease in Cambodia. The Cambodian National Dengue Surveillance System is based on passive surveillance of dengue-like inpatients reported by public hospitals and on a sentinel, pediatric hospital-based active surveillance system. This system works well to assess trends but the sensitivity of the early warning and time-lag to usefully inform hospitals can be improved. During The ECOnomic development, ECOsystem MOdifications, and emerging infectious diseases Risk Evaluation (ECOMORE) project's knowledge translation platforms, Cambodian hospital staff requested an early warning tool to prepare for major outbreaks. Our objective was therefore to find adapted tools to improve the early warning system and preparedness. Dengue data was provided by the National Dengue Control Program (NDCP) and are routinely obtained through passive surveillance. The data were analyzed at the provincial level for eight Cambodian provinces during 2008-2015. The R surveillance package was used for the analysis. We evaluated the effectiveness of Bayesian algorithms to detect outbreaks using count data series, comparing the current count to an expected distribution obtained from observations of past years. The analyses bore on 78,759 patients with dengue-like syndromes. The algorithm maximizing sensitivity and specificity for the detection of major dengue outbreaks was selected in each province. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 73% and 97%, respectively, for the detection of significant outbreaks during 2008-2015. Depending on the province, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 50% to 100% and 75% to 100%, respectively. The final algorithm meets clinicians' and decisionmakers' needs, is cost-free and is easy to implement at the provincial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ledien
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kimsan Souv
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Centre National de Malariologie (CNM), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rithea Leang
- Centre National de Malariologie (CNM), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rekol Huy
- Centre National de Malariologie (CNM), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Anthony Cousien
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Muslim Peas
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Yves Froehlich
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Raphaël Duboz
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- UMR ASTRE CIRAD INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Sivuth Ong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Epidemiology unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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RNA Helicase A Is an Important Host Factor Involved in Dengue Virus Replication. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01306-18. [PMID: 30463971 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01306-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) utilizes host factors throughout its life cycle. In this study, we identified RNA helicase A (RHA), a member of the DEAD/H helicase family, as an important host factor of DENV. In response to DENV2 infection, nuclear RHA protein was partially redistributed into the cytoplasm. The short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of RHA significantly reduced the amounts of infectious viral particles in various cells. The RHA knockdown reduced the multistep viral growth of DENV2 and Japanese encephalitis virus but not Zika virus. Further study showed that the absence of RHA resulted in a reduction of both viral RNA and protein levels, and the data obtained from the reporter replicon assay indicated that RHA does not directly promote viral protein synthesis. RHA bound to the DENV RNA and associated with three nonstructural proteins, including NS1, NS2B3, and NS4B. Further study showed that different domains of RHA mediated its interaction with these viral proteins. The expression of RHA or RHA-K417R mutant protein lacking ATPase/helicase activity in RHA-knockdown cells successfully restored DENV2 replication levels, suggesting that the helicase activity of RHA is dispensable for its proviral effect. Overall, our work reveals that RHA is an important factor of DENV and might serve as a target for antiviral agents.IMPORTANCE Dengue, caused by dengue virus, is a rapidly spreading disease, and currently there are no treatments available. Host factors involved in the viral replication of dengue virus are potential antiviral therapeutic targets. Although RHA has been shown to promote the multiplication of several viruses, such as HIV and adenovirus, its role in the flavivirus family, including dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and emerging Zika virus, remains elusive. The current study revealed that RHA relocalized into the cytoplasm upon DENV infection and associated with viral RNA and nonstructural proteins, implying that RHA was actively engaged in the viral life cycle. We further provide evidence that RHA promoted the viral yields of DENV2 independent of its helicase activity. These findings demonstrated that RHA is a new host factor required for DENV replication and might serve as a target for antiviral drugs.
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Attenuation and Stability of CHIKV-NoLS, a Live-Attenuated Chikungunya Virus Vaccine Candidate. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 7:vaccines7010002. [PMID: 30583514 PMCID: PMC6465992 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous investigation of the nucleolar localisation sequence (NoLS) of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) capsid protein demonstrated the role of capsid in CHIKV virulence. Mutating the NoLS of capsid in CHIKV led to the development of a unique live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine candidate, termed CHIKV-NoLS. CHIKV-NoLS-immunised mice developed long-term immunity from CHIKV infection after a single dose. To further evaluate CHIKV-NoLS attenuation and suitability as a vaccine, we examined the footpad of inoculated mice for underlying CHIKV-NoLS-induced immunopathology by histological and flow cytometric analysis. In comparison to CHIKV-WT-infected mice, CHIKV-NoLS-inoculated mice exhibited minimal inflammation and tissue damage. To examine the stability of attenuation, the plaque phenotype and replication kinetics of CHIKV-NoLS were determined following extended in vitro passage. The average plaque size of CHIKV-NoLS remained notably smaller than CHIKV-WT after extended passage and attenuated replication was maintained. To examine thermostability, CHIKV-NoLS was stored at 21 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C and −80 °C and infectious CHIKV-NoLS quantified up to 84 days. The infectious titre of CHIKV-NoLS remains stable after 56 days when stored at either −20 °C or −80 °C. Interestingly, unlike CHIKV-WT, the infectious titre of CHIKV-NoLS is not sensitive to freeze thaw cycles. These data further demonstrate preclinical safety and stability of CHIKV-NoLS.
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Moore EL, Scott MA, Rodriguez SD, Mitra S, Vulcan J, Cordova JJ, Chung HN, Linhares Lino de Souza D, Gonzales KK, Hansen IA. An online survey of personal mosquito-repellent strategies. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5151. [PMID: 30002979 PMCID: PMC6034598 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito repellents can be an effective method for personal protection against mosquito bites that are a nuisance and carry the risk of transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens like plasmodia, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. A multitude of commercially available products are currently on the market, some of them highly effective while others have low or no efficacy. Many home remedies of unknown efficacy are also widely used. Methods We conducted a survey study to determine what kind of mosquito repellents and other mosquito control strategies people use. Our online survey was focused on unconventional methods and was answered by 5,209 participants. Results The majority of participants resided in the United States, were female (67%), had higher education (81% had a university degree), and were 18 to 37 years old (50%). The most commonly used repellent was DEET spray (48%), followed closely by citronella candles (43%) and ‘natural’ repellent sprays (36%). We collected a plethora of home remedies and other strategies people use that warrant further research into their effectiveness. Discussion Our study lays the foundation for future research in alternative, unconventional methods to repel mosquitoes that may be culturally acceptable and accessible for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lucille Moore
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Mary Alice Scott
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Stacy Deadra Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Soumi Mitra
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Julia Vulcan
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Joel Javierla Cordova
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Hae-Na Chung
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | | | - Kristina Kay Gonzales
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Immo Alex Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America.,Institute for Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
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Tan Y, Pickett BE, Shrivastava S, Gresh L, Balmaseda A, Amedeo P, Hu L, Puri V, Fedorova NB, Halpin RA, LaPointe MP, Cone MR, Heberlein-Larson L, Kramer LD, Ciota AT, Gordon A, Shabman RS, Das SR, Harris E. Differing epidemiological dynamics of Chikungunya virus in the Americas during the 2014-2015 epidemic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006670. [PMID: 30059496 PMCID: PMC6085065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been detected sporadically since the 1950s and includes three distinct co-circulating genotypes. In late 2013, the Asian genotype of CHIKV was responsible for the Caribbean outbreak (CO) that rapidly became an epidemic throughout the Americas. There is a limited understanding of the molecular evolution of CHIKV in the Americas during this epidemic. We sequenced 185 complete CHIKV genomes collected mainly from Nicaragua in Central America and Florida in the United States during the 2014-2015 Caribbean/Americas epidemic. Our comprehensive phylogenetic analyses estimated the epidemic history of the Asian genotype and the recent Caribbean outbreak (CO) clade, revealed considerable genetic diversity within the CO clade, and described different epidemiological dynamics of CHIKV in the Americas. Specifically, we identified multiple introductions in both Nicaragua and Florida, with rapid local spread of viruses in Nicaragua but limited autochthonous transmission in Florida in the US. Our phylogenetic analysis also showed phylogeographic clustering of the CO clade. In addition, we identified the significant amino acid substitutions that were observed across the entire Asian genotype during its evolution and examined amino acid changes that were specific to the CO clade. Deep sequencing analysis identified specific minor variants present in clinical specimens below-consensus levels. Finally, we investigated the association between viral phylogeny and geographic/clinical metadata in Nicaragua. To date, this study represents the largest single collection of CHIKV complete genomes during the Caribbean/Americas epidemic and significantly expands our understanding of the emergence and evolution of CHIKV CO clade in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Paolo Amedeo
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lihui Hu
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vinita Puri
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nadia B. Fedorova
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Halpin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Marshall R. Cone
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lea Heberlein-Larson
- Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Reed S. Shabman
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suman R. Das
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Chen TH, Wu YJ, Hou JN, Chiang YH, Cheng CC, Sifiyatun E, Chiu CH, Wang LC, Chen WJ. A novel p53 paralogue mediates antioxidant defense of mosquito cells to survive dengue virus replication. Virology 2018; 519:156-169. [PMID: 29727815 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito cells allow dengue viruses (DENVs) to undergo replication without causing serious deleterious effects on the cells, leading to advantages for dissemination to other cells. Despite this, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is usually detected in C6/36 cells with DENV2 infection as shown in mammalian cells. Uniquely, oxidative stress caused by the ROS is alleviated by eliciting antioxidant defense which leads to protection of mosquito cells from the infection. In the present study, a novel p53 paralogue (p53-2) was identified and proved to be regulated in C6/36 cells with DENV2 infection. With a gene-knockdown technique, p53-2 was demonstrated to transcribe catalase which plays a critical role in reducing ROS accumulation and the death rate of infected cells. Ecologically, a higher survival rate of mosquito cells is a prerequisite for prosperous production of viral progeny, allowing infected mosquitoes to remain healthy and active for virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Huang Chen
- Departments of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Nan Hou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chiang
- Departments of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan
| | - Eny Sifiyatun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Program in Tropical Medical Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakartan, Indonesia
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Departments of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-June Chen
- Departments of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Cerebral vasculitis and lateral rectus palsy - two rare central nervous system complications of dengue fever: two case reports and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:100. [PMID: 29669602 PMCID: PMC5907410 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a common mosquito-borne viral illness with a clinical spectrum ranging from a simple febrile illness to potentially life-threatening complications such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Dengue infection can affect many organs, including the central nervous system. The neurological manifestations reported in dengue infections are meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION We report the cases of two interesting patients with confirmed dengue infection who presented with complications of possible central nervous system vasculitis and cranial nerve palsy. The first patient was a 53-year-old previously healthy Singhalese woman who developed acute-onset slurring of speech and ataxia with altered sensorium 1 day after recovery from a critical period of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Subsequent investigations revealed evidence of encephalopathy with brainstem ischemic infarctions. Her clinical picture was compatible with central nervous system vasculitis. She was treated successfully with intravenous steroids and had a full functional recovery. The second patient was a middle-aged Singhalese woman who had otherwise uncomplicated dengue infection. She developed binocular diplopia on day 4 of fever. An ocular examination revealed a convergent squint in the left eye with lateral rectus palsy but no other neurological manifestation. CONCLUSIONS Central nervous system vasculitis due to dengue infection is a very rare phenomenon, and to the best of our knowledge, only one case of central nervous system vasculitis has been reported to date, in a patient of pediatric age. Cranial nerve palsy related to dengue infection is also rare, and only a few cases of isolated abducens nerve palsy have been reported to date. The two cases described in this report illustrate the rare but important central nervous system manifestations of dengue fever and support the fact that the central nervous system is one of the important systems that can be affected in patients with dengue infection.
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Joshua V, Murhekar MV, Ashok M, Kanagasabai K, Ravi M, Sabarinathan R, Kirubakaran BK, Ramachandran V, Gupta N, Mehendale S. Mapping dengue cases through a national network of laboratories, 2014-2015. Indian J Med Res 2018; 144:938-941. [PMID: 28474634 PMCID: PMC5433290 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_673_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vasna Joshua
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai 600 077, India
| | | | - M Ashok
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - K Kanagasabai
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - M Ravi
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - R Sabarinathan
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - B K Kirubakaran
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - V Ramachandran
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Nivedita Gupta
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110 29, India
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Nelson CW, Sibley SD, Kolokotronis SO, Hamer GL, Newman CM, Anderson TK, Walker ED, Kitron UD, Brawn JD, Ruiz MO, Goldberg TL. Selective constraint and adaptive potential of West Nile virus within and among naturally infected avian hosts and mosquito vectors. Virus Evol 2018; 4:vey013. [PMID: 29942654 PMCID: PMC6007309 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses are among the most genetically constrained RNA viruses, yet they have a remarkable propensity to adapt and emerge. We studied wild birds and mosquitoes naturally infected with West Nile virus (WNV) in a 'hot spot' of virus transmission in Chicago, IL, USA. We generated full coding WNV genome sequences from spatiotemporally matched bird and mosquito samples using high-throughput sequencing, allowing a molecular evolutionary assessment with deep coverage. Mean FST among samples was 0.66 (±0.02 SE) and was bimodal, with mean nucleotide diversity being higher between samples (interhost πN = 0.001; πS = 0.024) than within them (intrahost πN < 0.0001; πS < 0.001). Eight genomic sites with FST > 1.01 (in the PrM, NS2a, NS3, NS4b, and 5'-noncoding genomic regions) showed bird versus mosquito variant frequency differences of >30 per cent and/or polymorphisms fixed in ≥5 host or vector individuals, suggesting host tropism for these variants. However, phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a lack of grouping by bird or mosquito, most inter-sample differences were synonymous (mean interhost πN/πS = 0.04), and there was no significant difference between hosts and vectors in either their nucleotide diversities or levels of purifying selection (mean intrahost πN/πS = 0.28 in birds and πN/πS = 0.21 in mosquitoes). This finding contrasts with the 'trade-off' and 'selective sieve' hypotheses that have been proposed and tested in the laboratory, which predict strong host versus vector effects on WNV genetic variation, with heightened selective constraint in birds alternating with heightened viral diversity in mosquitoes. Overall, our data show WNV to be highly selectively constrained within and between both hosts and vectors but still able to vary at a limited number of sites across the genome. Such site-specific plasticity in the face of overall selective constraint may offer a mechanism whereby highly constrained viruses such as WNV and its relatives can still adapt and emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase W Nelson
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Samuel D Sibley
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA
| | - Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA
| | - Christina M Newman
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Edward D Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA
| | - Uriel D Kitron
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Brawn
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marilyn O Ruiz
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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40
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Fuller TL, Calvet G, Genaro Estevam C, Rafael Angelo J, Abiodun GJ, Halai UA, De Santis B, Carvalho Sequeira P, Machado Araujo E, Alves Sampaio S, Lima de Mendonça MC, Fabri A, Ribeiro RM, Harrigan R, Smith TB, Raja Gabaglia C, Brasil P, Bispo de Filippis AM, Nielsen-Saines K. Behavioral, climatic, and environmental risk factors for Zika and Chikungunya virus infections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015-16. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188002. [PMID: 29145452 PMCID: PMC5690671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of arboviruses in the Americas is high and may result in long-term sequelae with infants disabled by Zika virus infection (ZIKV) and arthritis caused by infection with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). We aimed to identify environmental drivers of arbovirus epidemics to predict where the next epidemics will occur and prioritize municipalities for vector control and eventual vaccination. We screened sera and urine samples (n = 10,459) from residents of 48 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro for CHIKV, dengue virus (DENV), and ZIKV by molecular PCR diagnostics. Further, we assessed the spatial pattern of arbovirus incidence at the municipal and neighborhood scales and the timing of epidemics and major rainfall events. Lab-confirmed cases included 1,717 infections with ZIKV (43.8%) and 2,170 with CHIKV (55.4%) and only 29 (<1%) with DENV. ZIKV incidence was greater in neighborhoods with little access to municipal water infrastructure (r = -0.47, p = 1.2x10-8). CHIKV incidence was weakly correlated with urbanization (r = 0.2, p = 0.02). Rains began in October 2015 and were followed one month later by the largest wave of ZIKV epidemic. ZIKV cases markedly declined in February 2016, which coincided with the start of a CHIKV outbreak. Rainfall predicted ZIKV and CHIKV with a lead time of 3 weeks each time. The association between rainfall and epidemics reflects vector ecology as the larval stages of Aedes aegypti require pools of water to develop. The temporal dynamics of ZIKV and CHIKV may be explained by the shorter incubation period of the viruses in the mosquito vector; 2 days for CHIKV versus 10 days for ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevon L. Fuller
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Guilherme Calvet
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gbenga J. Abiodun
- Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Umme-Aiman Halai
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bianca De Santis
- Laboratorio de Referência de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Carvalho Sequeira
- Laboratorio de Referência de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Machado Araujo
- Laboratorio de Referência de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Alves Sampaio
- Laboratorio de Referência de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Allison Fabri
- Laboratorio de Referência de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita Maria Ribeiro
- Laboratorio de Referência de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ryan Harrigan
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Smith
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Claudia Raja Gabaglia
- Biomedical Research Institute of Southern California, Oceanside, California, United States of America
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Laboratorio de Referência de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Kouadio DE, Djibril C, Damus PK, Yao LK, Daouda C, Youssouf T, Simplice ND. Determinants of practices for dengue diagnosis among healthcare professionals working in public hospitals of Abidjan, Cote dIvoire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jphe2017.0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mavian C, Rife BD, Dollar JJ, Cella E, Ciccozzi M, Prosperi MCF, Lednicky J, Morris JG, Capua I, Salemi M. Emergence of recombinant Mayaro virus strains from the Amazon basin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8718. [PMID: 28821712 PMCID: PMC5562835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV), causative agent of Mayaro Fever, is an arbovirus transmitted by Haemagogus mosquitoes. Despite recent attention due to the identification of several cases in South and Central America and the Caribbean, limited information on MAYV evolution and epidemiology exists and represents a barrier to prevention of further spread. We present a thorough spatiotemporal evolutionary study of MAYV full-genome sequences collected over the last sixty years within South America and Haiti, revealing recent recombination events and adaptation to a broad host and vector range, including Aedes mosquito species. We employed a Bayesian phylogeography approach to characterize the emergence of recombinants in Brazil and Haiti and report evidence in favor of the putative role of human mobility in facilitating recombination among MAYV strains from geographically distinct regions. Spatiotemporal characteristics of recombination events and the emergence of this previously neglected virus in Haiti, a known hub for pathogen spread to the Americas, warrants close monitoring of MAYV infection in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mavian
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brittany D Rife
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James Jarad Dollar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eleonora Cella
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - John Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ilaria Capua
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Marco Salemi
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Krystosik AR, Curtis A, Buritica P, Ajayakumar J, Squires R, Dávalos D, Pacheco R, Bhatta MP, James MA. Community context and sub-neighborhood scale detail to explain dengue, chikungunya and Zika patterns in Cali, Colombia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181208. [PMID: 28767730 PMCID: PMC5540594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cali, Colombia has experienced chikungunya and Zika outbreaks and hypoendemic dengue. Studies have explained Cali’s dengue patterns but lack the sub-neighborhood-scale detail investigated here. Methods Spatial-video geonarratives (SVG) with Ministry of Health officials and Community Health Workers were collected in hotspots, providing perspective on perceptions of why dengue, chikungunya and Zika hotspots exist, impediments to control, and social outcomes. Using spatial video and Google Street View, sub-neighborhood features possibly contributing to incidence were mapped to create risk surfaces, later compared with dengue, chikungunya and Zika case data. Results SVG captured insights in 24 neighborhoods. Trash and water risks in Calipso were mapped using SVG results. Perceived risk factors included proximity to standing water, canals, poverty, invasions, localized violence and military migration. These risks overlapped case density maps and identified areas that are suitable for transmission but are possibly underreporting to the surveillance system. Conclusion Resulting risk maps with local context could be leveraged to increase vector-control efficiency- targeting key areas of environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Krystosik
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Curtis
- Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Paola Buritica
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Servicios (GRIEPIS), Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jayakrishnan Ajayakumar
- Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Robert Squires
- Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Diana Dávalos
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Center for Clinical Research, Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL), Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Robinson Pacheco
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Servicios (GRIEPIS), Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Center for Clinical Research, Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL), Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Madhav P. Bhatta
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark A. James
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
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Naqvi S, Bashir S, Rupareliya C, Shams A, Giyanwani PR, Ali Z, Qamar F, Kumar V, Talib V. Clinical Spectrum of Chikungunya in Pakistan. Cureus 2017; 9:e1430. [PMID: 28924518 PMCID: PMC5587410 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya fever is a pandemic disease caused by an arthropod-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The virus spreads through mosquitoes. This mosquito induced viral illness is clinically suspected on symptoms from fever and severe polyarthralgia. The recent outbreak of chikungunya was reported in November 2016 in the metropolitan city Karachi, Pakistan. We emphasis on the awareness of the etiology and vector control to prevent serious consequences. Method A total number of 1275 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. These patients were enrolled based on clinical findings described by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Our exclusion criteria were patients with missing data or having co-infection with dengue or malaria. The patients were tested for chikungunya antibodies, malaria, and dengue. The patients were followed for three months. Results Out of 1275 consenting patients from the emergency department, 564 tested positive for chikungunya antibodies and out of these 564 patients 365 had co-infection of dengue and malaria. So based on exclusion criteria, 199 patients had isolated chikungunya infection and were studied for the frequency of clinical symptoms. The most common finding was joint pain and fever on presentation and joint pain was the only chronic finding which persisted. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the frequency of clinical findings in chikungunya infection. It also signifies the importance of testing for antibodies because it helped in excluding patients with false positive clinical findings and differentiating co-infection with malaria and dengue. It also gauged patient's view about the cause of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Naqvi
- Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
| | | | | | - Abdullah Shams
- Internal Medicine, CMH Lahore Medical and Dental College
| | | | - Zeeshan Ali
- Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
| | - Faiza Qamar
- Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
| | - Vijesh Kumar
- Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
| | - Vikash Talib
- Accident & Emergency, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (SMC)
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Isoe J, Petchampai N, Isoe YE, Co K, Mazzalupo S, Scaraffia PY. Xanthine dehydrogenase-1 silencing in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes promotes a blood feeding-induced adulticidal activity. FASEB J 2017; 31:2276-2286. [PMID: 28179423 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601185r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aedesaegypti has 2 genes encoding xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). We analyzed XDH1 and XDH2 gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR in tissues from sugar- and blood-fed females. Differential XDH1 and XDH2 gene expression was observed in tissues dissected throughout a time course. We next exposed females to blood meals supplemented with allopurinol, a well-characterized XDH inhibitor. We also tested the effects of injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against XDH1, XDH2, or both. Disruption of XDH by allopurinol or XDH1 by RNA interference significantly affected mosquito survival, causing a disruption in blood digestion, excretion, oviposition, and reproduction. XDH1-deficient mosquitoes showed a persistence of serine proteases in the midgut at 48 h after blood feeding and a reduction in the uptake of vitellogenin by the ovaries. Surprisingly, analysis of the fat body from dsRNA-XDH1-injected mosquitoes fell into 2 groups: one group was characterized by a reduction of the XDH1 transcript, whereas the other group was characterized by an up-regulation of several transcripts, including XDH1, glutamine synthetase, alanine aminotransferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ornithine decarboxylase, glutamate receptor, and ammonia transporter. Our data demonstrate that XDH1 plays an essential role and that XDH1 has the potential to be used as a metabolic target for Ae.aegypti vector control.-Isoe, J., Petchampai, N., Isoe, Y. E., Co, K., Mazzalupo, S., Scaraffia, P. Y. Xanthine dehydrogenase-1 silencing in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes promotes a blood feeding-induced adulticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Isoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Natthida Petchampai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yurika E Isoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katrina Co
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stacy Mazzalupo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Patricia Y Scaraffia
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
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Cecchetto J, Fernandes FC, Lopes R, Bueno PR. The capacitive sensing of NS1 Flavivirus biomarker. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:949-956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Dengue viruses are the most important arboviral pathogens in the world, which have adapted to human transmission and replication over several hundred years and were initially recognized to cause outbreaks of clinical disease in tropical and subtropical countries by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Subsequent global expansion of dengue infection outbreaks has occurred, with millions of cases yearly, probably from a combination of factors including proliferation of international travel and trade, possibly global climate changes, adaptation of the vectors to new environment, and emergence of a new mosquito vector, Aedes albopictus. Chikungunya virus, also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causes a very similar clinical disease but with more prominent arthralgia or arthritis and was originally described in Africa in the 1960s. After a quiescent period of several decades, it reemerged in Africa in 2004 and rapidly spread across the Indian Ocean to involve Asian countries and parts of Europe. However, the past 2 years have seen the emergence of chikungunya virus in the western hemisphere with major outbreaks in the Caribbean and the Americas. Similar to dengue virus, chikungunya virus has adapted to Ae. albopictus mosquitoes which can transmit the disease. Although dengue infection is a more deadly disease especially in young children, chikungunya infection can cause prolonged severe disability and occasionally rare fatalities from encephalitis. No specific treatment is available for either diseases, but development of an effective vaccine for dengue infection is in progress. Until 2007, Zika virus [also transmitted by Aedes species] was associated with only sporadic mild infections in Africa and Asia. In 2007, Zika virus for the first time caused an outbreak beyond Africa and Asia to the Yap Island in the Federated States of Micronesia. Since then Zika virus has spread to French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Cook Islands, and Easter Island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean [Chile] in 2014 and by 2015 to Brazil. By January 2016, it became evident that Zika virus had caused an explosive outbreak in the Americas and the Caribbean with over 30 countries affected. On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization declared Zika outbreak a global public health emergency. Zika virus infection is most commonly asymptomatic, and 20% of patients may develop a mild viral disease, but of major concern is the reported association of microcephaly in infected pregnant women in Brazil. This chapter explores the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment, and prevention of these rapidly emerging zoonoses.
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Evaluation of Two Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kits for Chikungunya Virus IgM Using Samples from Deceased Organ and Tissue Donors. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:825-830. [PMID: 27535838 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00330-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification of nearly 3,500 cases of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in U.S. residents returning in 2014 and 2015 from areas in which it is endemic has raised concerns within the transplant community that, should recently infected individuals become organ and/or tissue donors, CHIKV would be transmitted to transplant recipients. Thus, tests designed to detect recent CHIKV infection among U.S. organ and tissue donors may become necessary in the future. Accordingly, we evaluated 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for CHIKV IgM readily available in the United States using 1,000 deidentified serum or plasma specimens collected from donors between November 2014 and March 2015. The Euroimmun indirect ELISA identified 38 reactive specimens; however, all 38 were negative for CHIKV IgG and IgM in immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) conducted at a reference laboratory and, thus, were falsely reactive in the Euroimmun CHIKV IgM assay. The InBios IgM-capture ELISA identified 26 reactive samples, and one was still reactive (index ≥ 1.00) when retested using the InBios kit with a background subtraction modification to identify false reactivity. This reactive specimen was CHIKV IgM negative but IgG positive by IFAs at two reference laboratories; plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) demonstrated CHIKV-specific reactivity. The IgG and PRNT findings strongly suggest that the InBios CHIKV IgM-reactive result represents true reactivity, even though the IgM IFA result was negative. If testing organ/tissue donors for CHIKV IgM becomes necessary, the limitations of the currently available CHIKV IgM ELISAs and options for their optimization must be understood to avoid organ/tissue wastage due to falsely reactive results.
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Garraud O, Filho LA, Laperche S, Tayou-Tagny C, Pozzetto B. The infectious risks in blood transfusion as of today - A no black and white situation. Presse Med 2016; 45:e303-11. [PMID: 27476017 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion has been tainted with the risk of contracting an infection - often severe - and fears about this risk are still prevailing, in sharp contrast with the actual risk in Western countries. Those actual risks are rather immunological, technical (overload) or metabolic. Meanwhile, in developing countries and particularly in Africa, transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) are still frequent, because of both the scarcity of volunteer blood donors and resources and the high incidence and prevalence of infections. Global safety of blood components has been declared as a goal to be attained everywhere by the World Heath Organization (WHO). However, this challenge is difficult to meet because of several intricate factors, of which the emergence of infectious agents, low income and breaches in sanitation and hygiene. This review aims at encompassing the situation of TTIs in different settings and means that can be deployed to improve the situation where this can possibly be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Garraud
- Université de Lyon, faculté de médecine de Saint-Étienne, GIMAP 3064, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, 6, rue Alexandre-Cabanel, 75015 Paris, France.
| | | | - Syria Laperche
- Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, 6, rue Alexandre-Cabanel, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claude Tayou-Tagny
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Université de Lyon, faculté de médecine de Saint-Étienne, GIMAP 3064, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; University hospital of de Saint-Étienne, laboratoire des agents infectieux et d'hygiène, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France
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Christofferson RC, Mores CN. Potential for Extrinsic Incubation Temperature to Alter Interplay Between Transmission Potential and Mortality of Dengue-Infected Aedes aegypti. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2016; 10:119-123. [PMID: 27478382 PMCID: PMC4961054 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s38345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The extrinsic incubation period is a critical component in the assessment of arboviral transmission potential. It defines the time it takes for a mosquito to become infectious following exposure to an arbovirus. Since this is a temporal process, the lifespan of a mosquito is intimately tied to the extrinsic incubation period and thus transmission potential of these viruses. Temperature is a known effector of both vector competence (the ability of a vector to transmit a pathogen) and mosquito mortality, but the interaction among temperature, vector competence, and mosquito mortality is not well characterized. Herein, we investigate this interaction for dengue virus, serotype 2, and its primary vector Aedes aegypti where we found that at 30 °C, infection and/or dissemination shortened the average lifespan of the mosquito and that when considering only mosquitoes with a disseminated infection, those incubated at 26 °C lived significantly longer.
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