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Ye Y, Li S, Du X, Zhang L, Bao N, Li Y, Zhao Y. Effects of dietary 5-aminolevulinic acid on growth performance and nonspecific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei, as determined by transcriptomic analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109746. [PMID: 38964435 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an endogenous non-protein amino acid that is frequently used in modern agriculture. This study set out to determine how dietary 5-ALA affected the nonspecific immunity and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei. The shrimp were supplemented with dietary 5-ALA at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg for three months. Transcriptome data of the control group and the group supplemented with 45 mg/kg dietary 5-ALA were obtained using transcriptome sequencing. 592 DEGs were identified, of which 426 were up-regulated and 166 were down-regulated. The pathways and genes associated with growth performance and nonspecific immunity were confirmed using qRT-PCR. The highest survival rate, body length growth rate, and weight gain values were observed in shrimp fed diets containing 45 mg/kg 5-ALA. L. vannamei in this group had a significantly higher total hemocyte count, phagocytosis rate and respiratory burst value than those in the control group. High doses of dietary 5-ALA (45 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg) significantly increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, oxidized glutathione, glutathione-peroxidase, phenoloxidase, lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. At the transcriptional level, dietary 5-ALA significantly up-regulated the expression levels of antioxidant immune-related genes. The optimal concentration of 5-ALA supplementation was 39.43 mg/kg, as indicated by a broken line regression. Our study suggested that dietary 5-ALA positively impacts the growth and nonspecific immunity of L. vannamei, providing a novel theoretical basis for further research into 5-ALA as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Siwen Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Beijing Challenge Bio-technology Co., Ltd, 100081, China
| | - Ning Bao
- Beijing Challenge Bio-technology Co., Ltd, 100081, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Schmandt B, Diduff M, Smart G, Williams LM. Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Triphenyl Phosphate (TPhP) Impact Development in Zebrafish. TOXICS 2024; 12:368. [PMID: 38787147 PMCID: PMC11125690 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A common flame-retardant and plasticizer, triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is an aryl phosphate ester found in many aquatic environments at nM concentrations. Yet, most studies interrogating its toxicity have used µM concentrations. In this study, we used the model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio) to uncover the developmental impact of nM exposures to TPhP at the phenotypic and molecular levels. At concentrations of 1.5-15 nM (0.5 µg/L-5 µg/L), chronically dosed 5dpf larvae were shorter in length and had pericardial edema phenotypes that had been previously reported for exposures in the µM range. Cardiotoxicity was observed but did not present as cardiac looping defects as previously reported for µM concentrations. The RXR pathway does not seem to be involved at nM concentrations, but the tbx5a transcription factor cascade including natriuretic peptides (nppa and nppb) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (bmp4) were dysregulated and could be contributing to the cardiac phenotypes. We also demonstrate that TPhP is a weak pro-oxidant, as it increases the oxidative stress response within hours of exposure. Overall, our data indicate that TPhP can affect animal development at environmentally relevant concentrations and its mode of action involves multiple pathways.
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Silva MLD, Andrade TS, Villacis RAR, Sousa-Moura D, Domingues I, Lisboa CA, Camargo NS, Pic-Taylor A, Oliveira RD, Grisolia CK. Multilevel assessment of carbamazepine effects: An integrative approach using zebrafish early-life stages. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141772. [PMID: 38548084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the most commonly used drug in epilepsy treatment, and its metabolites are commonly detected among persistent pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to investigate CBZ effects on early-life-stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) (from 2 to 168 hpf) by employing of an integrative approach linking endpoints from molecular to individual level: (i) development; (ii) locomotor activity; (iii) biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione-S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase) and (iv) transcriptome analysis using microarray. A 168 h - LC50 of 73.4 mg L-1 and a 72 h - EC50 of 66.8 mg L-1 for hatching were calculated while developmental effects (oedemas and tail deformities) were observed at CBZ concentrations above 37.3 mg L-1. At the biochemical level, AChE activity proved to be the most sensitive parameter, as evidenced by its decrease across all concentrations tested (∼25% maximum reduction, LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) < 0.6 μg L-1). Locomotor behaviour seemed to be depressed by CBZ although this effect was only evident at the highest concentration tested (50 mg L-1). Molecular analysis revealed a dose-dependent effect of CBZ on gene expression. Although only 25 genes were deregulated in organisms exposed to CBZ when compared to controls, both 0.6 and 2812 μg L-1 treatments impaired gene expression related to development (e.g. crygmxl1, org, klf2a, otos, stx16 and tob2) and the nervous system (e.g. Rtn3, Gdf10, Rtn3), while activated genes were associated with behavioural response (e.g. prlbr and taar). Altogether, our results indicate that environmentally relevant CBZ concentrations might affect biochemical and genetic traits of fish. Thus, the environmental risk of CBZ cannot be neglected, especially in a realistic scenario of constant input of domestic effluents into aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Lopes da Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Thayres Sousa Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus de Crateús- PPGEC, Av. Profa. Machadinha Lima, 63700-000 Crateus, CE, Brazil
| | - Rolando André Rios Villacis
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Diego Sousa-Moura
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Inês Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carolina Almeida Lisboa
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Níchollas Serafim Camargo
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Aline Pic-Taylor
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rhaul de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas, Campus de Arinos, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Geng Q, Zou L, Liu H, Guo M, Li F, Liu X, Qin H, Wang X, Tan Z. Influence of humic acid on the bioaccumulation, elimination, and toxicity of PFOS and TBBPA co-exposure in Mytilus unguiculatus Valenciennes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171358. [PMID: 38438024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are emerging contaminants which coexist in marine environments, posing significant risks to ecosystems and human health. The behavior of these contaminants in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM), specifically the co-contamination of TBBPA and PFOS, is not well understood. The bioaccumulation, distribution, elimination, and toxic effects of TBBPA and PFOS on thick-shell mussels (Mytilus unguiculatus V.), with the absence and presence of humic acid (HA), a typical DOM, were studied. The results showed that the uptake of TBBPA decreased and the uptake of PFOS increased when exposed to 1 mg/L HA. However, at higher concentrations of HA (5 and 25 mg/L), the opposite effect was observed. Combined exposure to HA, TBBPA, and PFOS resulted in oxidative stress in the digestive gland, with the severity of stress dependent on exposure time and HA dose. Histological analysis revealed a positive correlation between HA concentration and tissue damage caused by TBBPA and PFOS. This study provides insights into the influence of HA on the bioaccumulation-elimination patterns and toxicity of TBBPA and PFOS in marine bivalves, offering valuable data for ecological and health risk assessments of combined pollutants in aquatic environments rich in DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Geng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fengling Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hanlin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Guangzhou 510640, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Zhao L, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Chen G, Li W, Li N. Research progress on the toxicity of toxic Traditional Herbals from Thymelaeaceae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117594. [PMID: 38110134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants from the Thymelaeaceae family are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions, with approximately 113 species used as Traditional Herbals. There are numerous applications for them, such as treating leukemia, AIDS, and liver cancer. It should be noted that around 20% of these plants have shown harmful side effects when used in clinical applications, including solid irritations to the skin and mucous membranes, carcinogenic effects, organ damage, vomiting, and diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to review the toxic side effects, toxic compounds, toxic mechanisms, and detoxification methods of Traditional Herbals in Thymelaeaceae, guiding their safe clinical uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review employed the keywords "Thymelaeaceae," 48 different "genus," 966 "species," and the combination of "toxicity" to identify the medicinal value and toxicity of plants from Thymelaeaceae in scientific databases (Pubmed, SciFinder Scholar, Elsevier, Web of Science, and CNKI). Information relevant to the toxicity of Traditional Herbals from Thymelaeaceae up to June 2023 has been summarized. The plant names have been checked with "World Flora Online" (www.worldfloraonline.org). RESULTS 28 toxic Traditional Herbals from 13 genera within the Thymelaeaceae family were categorized. Toxicities were summarized at the cellular, animal, and clinical levels. The toxic substances are primarily concentrated in the Daphne L. and Wikstroemia Endl. genera, with terpenes being the main toxic components. The toxicity mechanism is primarily associated with the mitochondrial pathways. Detoxification and enhanced efficacy can be achieved through processing methods such as vinegar-processing and sweat-soaking. CONCLUSIONS Medicinal plants in the Thymelaeaceae exhibit significant pharmacological activities, such as anti-HIV and anti-tumor effects, indicating a broad potential for application. However, their clinical uses are hindered by their inherent toxicity. Researching the toxic components and mechanisms of these Traditional Herbals and exploring more effective detoxification methods can contribute to unveiling the latent value of these medicinal plants from Thymelaeaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingnan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Takemura Mariano MV, Paganotto Leandro L, Gomes KK, Dos Santos AB, de Rosso VO, Dafre AL, Farina M, Posser T, Franco JL. Assessing the disparity: comparative toxicity of Copper in zebrafish larvae exposes alarming consequences of permissible concentrations in Brazil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:166-184. [PMID: 38073470 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2290630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a naturally occurring metal with essential micronutrient properties. However, this metal might also pose increased adverse environmental and health risks due to industrial and agricultural activities. In Brazil, the maximum allowable concentration of Cu in drinking water is 2 mg/L. Despite this standard, the impact of such concentrations on aquatic organisms remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of CuSO4 using larval zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to nominal CuSO4 concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 48 mg/L to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50), established at 8.4 mg/L. Subsequently, non-lethal concentrations of 0.16, 0.32, or 1.6 mg/L were selected for assessing CuSO4 -induced toxicity. Morphological parameters, including body length, yolk sac area, and swim bladder area, were adversely affected by CuSO4 exposure, particularly at 1.6 mg/L (3.31 mm ±0.1, 0.192 mm2 ±0.01, and 0.01 mm2 ±0.05, respectively). In contrast, the control group exhibited values of 3.62 mm ±0.09, 0.136 mm2 ±0.013, and 0.3 mm2 ±0.06, respectively. Behavioral assays demonstrated impairments in escape response and swimming capacity, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. In addition, decreased levels of non-protein thiols and reduced cellular viability were noted. Data demonstrated that exposure to CuSO4 at similar concentrations as those permitted in Brazil for Cu adversely altered morphological, biochemical, and behavioral endpoints in zebrafish larvae. This study suggests that the permissible Cu concentrations in Brazil need to be reevaluated, given the potential enhanced adverse health risks of exposure to environmental metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitória Takemura Mariano
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Luana Paganotto Leandro
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Dos Santos
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Vitor Oliveira de Rosso
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
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Duarte da Silva KC, Carneiro WF, Virote BDCR, Santos MDF, de Oliveira JPL, Castro TFD, Bertolucci SKV, Murgas LDS. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil in Zebrafish. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:581. [PMID: 38396549 PMCID: PMC10886050 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the protective capacity of the essential oil (EO) of Cymbopogon citratus against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the inflammatory potential in zebrafish. Using five concentrations of EO (0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, and 6.25 μg/mL) in the presence of 7.5 mM H2O2, we analyzed the effects on neutrophil migration, caudal fin regeneration, cellular apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) after 96 h of exposure. A significant decrease in neutrophil migration was observed in all EO treatments compared to the control. Higher concentrations of EO (3.12 and 6.25 μg/mL) resulted in a significant decrease in caudal fin regeneration compared to the control. SOD activity was reduced at all EO concentrations, CAT activity significantly decreased at 3.12 μg/mL, and GST activity increased at 0.78 μg/mL and 1.56 μg/mL, compared to the control group. No significant changes in ROS production were detected. A reduction in cellular apoptosis was evident at all EO concentrations, suggesting that C. citratus EO exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, influences regenerative processes, and protects against oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Cândido Duarte da Silva
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - William Franco Carneiro
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - Bárbara do Carmo Rodrigues Virote
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Santos
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - João Paulo Lima de Oliveira
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - Tássia Flávia Dias Castro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences II (ICBII), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci
- School of Agricultural Sciences of Lavras (ESAL), Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.d.F.S.); (J.P.L.d.O.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FZMV), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (K.C.D.d.S.); (W.F.C.); (B.d.C.R.V.)
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8
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Moreira ALP, Souza JACR, de Souza JF, Mamede JPM, Farias D, Luchiari AC. Long-term effects of embryonic exposure to benzophenone-3 on neurotoxicity and behavior of adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168403. [PMID: 37939945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most widely used ultraviolet filter (UV filter) in industries to avoid UV radiation damage. BP-3 is added to most sunscreens to protect the skin, hair, and lips from sun rays. It results in continuous discharge into aquatic environments, leading to aquatic biota and human's continuous exposure. Consequences of BP-3 exposure on the physiology and behavior of aquatic animals, mainly zebrafish, have been investigated, including their neurotoxic effects. However, little is known about its consequences in long-term developmental endpoints. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of embryonic BP-3 exposure on biomarkers of neurotoxicity in zebrafish. For this, we exposed embryos to 5, 10, and 20 μg∙L-1 BP-3 concentration and let fish grow to adulthood (5mpf). We evaluated anxiety-like behavior, social preference, aggressiveness, and enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defenses system and neurotoxic biomarkers (Glutathione S-transferase -GST, catalase -CAT, and acetylcholinesterase -AChE) in adult zebrafish. Enzymatic activities were also investigated in larvae immediately after BP-3 exposure. Animals early exposed to BP-3 presented anxiety-like behaviors and decreased social preference, but aggressiveness was not altered. In general, exposure to BP-3 leads to altered enzymatic activity, which persists into adulthood. GST activity increased in embryos and adults, while CAT activity decreased in both life stages. AChE activity enhanced only at the larval stage (96 hpf). The long-term behavioral and biochemical effects of BP-3 highlight the need for abolishing or restricting the compound from personal care products, which are continually disposed into the environment and threaten the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Pires Moreira
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Costa Ribeiro Souza
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies - LabRisk, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ferreira de Souza
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Medeiros Mamede
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Davi Farias
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies - LabRisk, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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9
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Tan W, Zhang N, Wang J, Pu T, Hu J, Li C, Song Y. Fumigant activity and transcriptomic analysis of two plant essential oils against the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1217608. [PMID: 37795270 PMCID: PMC10546945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1217608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda, R., 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is currently one of the most devastating pests in the Chinese tea industry. The long-term use of chemical pesticides has a negative impact on human health, impeding the healthy and sustainable development of the tea industry in this region. Therefore, there is a need for non-chemical insecticides to control E. onukii in tea plants. The essential oils from plants have been identified for their potential insecticidal ability; however, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of plant essential oils on E. onukii and its gene expression. Methods: In order to address these knowledge gaps, the components of Pogostemon cablin and Cinnamomum camphora essential oils were analyzed in the present study using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fumigation toxicity of two essential oils on E. onukii was tested using sealed conical flasks. In addition, We performed comparative transcriptome analyses of E. onukii treated with or without P. cablin essential oil. Results: The 36-h lethal concentration (LC50) values for E. onukii treated with P. cablin and C. camphora essential oils were 0.474 and 1.204 μL mL-1 respectively. Both essential oils exhibited the potential to control E. onukii, but the fumigation activity of P. cablin essential oil was more effective. A total of 2,309 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing of E. onukii treated with P. cablin essential oil. Conclusion: Many of differentially expressed genes were found to contain detoxifification genes, indicating that these families may have played an important role when E. onukii was exposed to essential oil stress. We also found differential expression of genes related to redox-related gene families, suggesting the upregulation of genes associated with possible development of drug and stress resistance. This work offers new insights for the prevention and management of E. onukii in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Tan
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianyi Pu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
| | - Jifeng Hu
- Huaxi District Plant Protection Station of Guiyang City, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuehua Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
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10
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James BD, Karchner SI, Walsh AN, Aluru N, Franks DG, Sullivan KR, Reddy CM, Ward CP, Hahn ME. Formulation Controls the Potential Neuromuscular Toxicity of Polyethylene Photoproducts in Developing Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7966-7977. [PMID: 37186871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight transforms plastic into water-soluble products, the potential toxicity of which remains unresolved, particularly for vertebrate animals. We evaluated acute toxicity and gene expression in developing zebrafish larvae after 5 days of exposure to photoproduced (P) and dark (D) leachates from additive-free polyethylene (PE) film and consumer-grade, additive-containing, conventional, and recycled PE bags. Using a "worst-case" scenario, with plastic concentrations exceeding those found in natural waters, we observed no acute toxicity. However, at the molecular level, RNA sequencing revealed differences in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each leachate treatment: thousands of genes (5442 P, 577 D) for the additive-free film, tens of genes for the additive-containing conventional bag (14 P, 7 D), and none for the additive-containing recycled bag. Gene ontology enrichment analyses suggested that the additive-free PE leachates disrupted neuromuscular processes via biophysical signaling; this was most pronounced for the photoproduced leachates. We suggest that the fewer DEGs elicited by the leachates from conventional PE bags (and none from recycled bags) could be due to differences in photoproduced leachate composition caused by titanium dioxide-catalyzed reactions not present in the additive-free PE. This work demonstrates that the potential toxicity of plastic photoproducts can be product formulation-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Sibel I Karchner
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Anna N Walsh
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Diana G Franks
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Kallen R Sullivan
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Collin P Ward
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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11
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Mahoney H, Cantin J, Xie Y, Brinkmann M, Giesy JP. Perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulphonate, an emerging perfluoroalkyl substance, disrupts mitochondrial membranes and the expression of key molecular targets in vitro. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106453. [PMID: 36848694 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulphonate (PFECHS) is an emerging, replacement perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) with little information available on the toxic effects or potencies with which to characterize its potential impacts on aquatic environments. This study aimed to characterize effects of PFECHS using in vitro systems, including rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1 cell line) and lymphocytes separated from whole blood. It was determined that exposure to PFECHS caused minor acute toxic effects for most endpoints and that little PFECHS was concentrated into cells with a mean in vitro bioconcentration factor of 81 ± 25 L/kg. However, PFECHS was observed to affect the mitochondrial membrane and key molecular receptors, such as the peroxisome proliferator receptor, cytochrome p450-dependent monooxygenases, and receptors involved in oxidative stress. Also, glutathione-S-transferase was significantly down-regulated at a near environmentally relevant exposure concentration of 400 ng/L. These results are the first to report bioconcentration of PFECHS, as well as its effects on the peroxisome proliferator and glutathione-S-transferase receptors, suggesting that even with little bioconcentration, PFECHS has potential to cause adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Mahoney
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jenna Cantin
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Pl, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, 121 Research Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada.
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
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12
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Feng Y, Zhang W, Gong S, Lin H, Gao P, Zhang H. Genome-wide identification glutathione-S-transferase gene superfamily in Daphnia pulex and its transcriptional response to nanoplastics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123112. [PMID: 36621743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are key multifunctional phase II detoxification enzymes involved in the regulation of growth, development, and stress responses. However, the knowledge of GSTs in the model invertebrate organism Daphnia pulex at the genomic level remains limited. In the present study, 35 GST genes were identified in D. pulex (Dp-GST), belonging to eight subfamilies, with the sigma, mu, and delta/epsilon subfamilies constituting approximately 29 %, 20 %, and 20 % of the GST superfamily, respectively. Chromosome tandem duplication of genes within the same subfamily was observed, which may be the main force driving GST expansion in D. pulex. DpGST genes showed different expression patterns in response to nanoplastic exposure for 96 h and 21 days. Some homologous GST genes in D. pulex showed similar expression patterns in response to nanoplastic exposure, likely owing to their unique motifs. For example, motif 9 is found in all delta/epsilon GST genes, whereas motifs 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 are highly conserved in sigma GST genes. The characterization of D. pulex GSTs extending the knowledge of GST-mediated environmental contaminants, especially nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yueyue Zheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yixuan Feng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Gong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huikang Lin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Panpan Gao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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13
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de Souza Freire I, Fascineli ML, Piau TB, Pereira BF, Grisolia CK. Multilevel Toxicity Evaluations of Polyethylene Microplastics in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3617. [PMID: 36834310 PMCID: PMC9967563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in freshwater environments pose a serious threat to living beings. Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) are the type most used around the world as microbeads in personal care products, and they have been found in aquatic organisms. The behavior and toxicity of fluorescent PE-MP spheres with an average diameter of 58.9 μm were studied in adult, juvenile and embryo zebrafish (Danio rerio). The adults were studied for genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, histology and biochemical markers. Juveniles underwent a follow-up in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with histologic observations, and embryos were studied for embryotoxicity with the FET-test. In adults, micronucleus test and comet assays found neither genotoxicity after acute exposure for 96 h at concentrations of 0.0, 12.5, 50 and 100 mg.L-1, nor cytotoxicity through the nuclear abnormalities test. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured in adults exposed for 96 h. The AChE and GST activities were significantly changed, while no changes occurred for LDH. In conclusion, these PE-MP spheres did not cause serious toxic effects in zebrafish because there was no internalization. The observed biochemical changes in AChE and GST may be associated with GI microbiological dysbiosis, previously reported. The PE-MP spheres in the intestine of juveniles remained present for 12-15 days on average after the post-exposure clearance study, showing a slow depuration. The histological analysis, in adults, found no internalization of these microbeads, with complete depuration. The PE-MP spheres did not cross the chorion barrier, showing no embryotoxic effects after exposures at 0.0, 6.25, 12.5, 50.0 or 100.0 mg.L-1 for 96 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Souza Freire
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Fascineli
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tathyana Benetis Piau
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fiorelini Pereira
- Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 05468-901, Brazil
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
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14
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Choi YJ, Shin MJ, Youn GS, Park JH, Yeo HJ, Yeo EJ, Kwon HJ, Lee LR, Kim NY, Kwon SY, Jung HY, Cho YJ, Kim DW, Park J, Han KH, Lee KW, Park JK, Lee CH, Eum WS, Choi SY. Protective Effects of PEP-1-GSTA2 Protein in Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032767. [PMID: 36769090 PMCID: PMC9917430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 (GSTA2), a member of the glutathione S-transferase family, plays the role of cellular detoxification against oxidative stress. Although oxidative stress is related to ischemic injury, the role of GSTA2 against ischemia has not been elucidated. Thus, we studied whether GSTA2 prevents ischemic injury by using the PEP-1-GSTA2 protein which has a cell-permeable protein transduction domain. We revealed that cell-permeable PEP-1-GSTA2 transduced into HT-22 cells and markedly protected cell death via the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, transduced PEP-1-GSTA2 promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation. Furthermore, PEP-1-GSTA2 regulated Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved Caspase-3 and -9 expression protein levels. An in vivo ischemic animal model, PEP-1-GSTA2, markedly prevented the loss of hippocampal neurons and reduced the activation of microglia and astrocytes. These findings indicate that PEP-1-GSTA2 suppresses hippocampal cell death by regulating the MAPK and apoptotic signaling pathways. Therefore, we suggest that PEP-1-GSTA2 will help to develop the therapies for oxidative-stress-induced ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Soo Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Re Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Wook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.S.E.); (S.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2112 (W.S.E. & S.Y.C.); Fax: +82-33-248-3202 (W.S.E. & S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.S.E.); (S.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2112 (W.S.E. & S.Y.C.); Fax: +82-33-248-3202 (W.S.E. & S.Y.C.)
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15
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Félix L, Carreira P, Peixoto F. Effects of chronic exposure of naturally weathered microplastics on oxidative stress level, behaviour, and mitochondrial function of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136895. [PMID: 36265700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a big and growing environmental concern, with studies showing sublethal to acute biological impacts on typical aquatic organisms. However, little is known about the biological effects of naturally weathered MPs, particularly focusing on mitochondria dysfunction as the key trigger of the biological effects. Therefore, in this study, naturally weathered MPs were produced from day-to-day life products, characterized, and chronically exposed (21 days) to adult zebrafish at the concentration of 0.1 and 1 mg/L. Locomotion and unconditioned anxiety-like behaviour was assessed. Mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential, mitochondrial complex activity and oxidative-related parameters were evaluated in the brain and liver. The results revealed the weathered MPs as a copolymer of propylene and ethylene that induced anxiety-like behaviour. There was an increase in brain catalase activity while the brain lactate dehydrogenase activity was inhibited after exposure to 1 mg/L. Brain glutathione levels were increased while their ratio was not affected. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅱ and IV were also significantly decreased in the brain, although not compromising mitochondrial function. On the other hand, exposure to 1 mg/L caused a deficiency in liver mitochondrial respiration and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, which were associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibition. An increase in hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was noticed, supporting the occurrence of ROS-induced ROS release as the potential trigger for the mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, these findings highlight the potential indirect and cumulative environmental effects these particles may pose to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Carreira
- Life Sciences and Environment School (ECVA), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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16
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Ye Z, Huang L, Zhao Q, Zhang W, Zhang L. Key genes for arsenobetaine synthesis in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) by transcriptomics. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106349. [PMID: 36395554 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine fish undergo detoxification to overcome As stress, forming non-toxic metabolites arsenobetaine (AsB). Genes associated with AsB synthesis remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, we explored the key genes involved in the synthesis of AsB by transcriptomic analysis in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma), and then screened candidate genes related to AsB synthesis. In the liver, 40 genes were up-regulated and 23 genes were down-regulated, whereas in muscle, 83 genes were up-regulated and 331 genes were down-regulated. We revealed that bhmt, mat2aa, and gstt1a can play a significant role in the glutathione and methionine metabolic pathway. These three genes can affect the conversion of arsenocholine (AsC) to AsB by the vitro gene transformation experiments of E. coli BL21(DE3). E. coli BL21-bhmt overexpressing bhmt resulted in more oxidation of precursor AsC to AsB. Furthermore, the AsB concentration was decreased after E. coli BL21 overexpressing mat2aa and gstt1a, which were down-regulated in marine medaka. Therefore, we concluded that bhmt, mat2aa, and gstt1a are involved in AsB synthesis. Overall, this is the first report on transcriptome screening and identification of key genes for AsB synthesis in marine medaka. We provided important insights to reveal the mystery of AsB synthesis in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianyu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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17
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Zhang C, Li C, Liu K, Zhang Y. Characterization of zearalenone-induced hepatotoxicity and its mechanisms by transcriptomics in zebrafish model. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136637. [PMID: 36181844 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium fungi, which contaminates crop and cereal products worldwide. It is widely distributed and can be transported from agricultural fields to the aquatic environment via soil run-off. Zearalenone exposure can cause serious health problems to humans and animals, including estrogenic, immunotoxic, and xenogenic effects. Though its hepatotoxicity has been reported by few studies, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be investigated. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the hepatotoxic effects of zearalenone and its molecular mechanism in the zebrafish model system. First, we found zearalenone exposure can cause liver injury, as evidenced by reduced liver size, decreased liver-specific fluorescence, increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, delayed yolk sac absorption and lipid accumulation. Then, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed using dissected zebrafish fry liver, which found genes involved in oxidation and reduction were significantly enriched. Quantitative real-time PCR further confirmed the dysregulated expression of several antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, lipid peroxidation was proved by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) production and gene expression at the mRNA level. In contrast to the previous study, apoptosis was likely decreased in response to zearalenone exposure. Last, glucuronidation and amino acid metabolism were also disrupted by zearalenone. Our results revealed the complex mechanism of zearalenone-induced hepatotoxicity, which is a valuable contribution to a more comprehensive understanding of the toxicity of zearalenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chenqinyao Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250103, China.
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18
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Castro TFD, Carneiro WF, Reichel T, Fabem SL, Machado MRF, de Souza KKC, Resende LV, Murgas LDS. The toxicological effects of Eryngium foetidum extracts on zebrafish embryos and larvae depend on the type of extract, dose, and exposure time. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:891-899. [PMID: 36337237 PMCID: PMC9618102 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Eryngium foetidum is a herbaceous plant found in tropical and subtropical regions. In vivo pharmacological parameters show that leaf extracts of this plant have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities due to their bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenols. Despite the evidence for several bioactivities of E. foetidum, information on its safety and tolerability is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effect and concentration of different extracts of E. foetidum on the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. To study the impact of aqueous (AE), ethanolic (EE), and methanolic (ME) extracts, the embryos were exposed to 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg mL-1 for up to 120-h postfertilization to assess embryonic developmental toxicity and then to 0.039, 0.078, 0.156, 0.312, and 0.625 mg mL-1 to assess the antioxidant responses of the enzymes superoxide dismutase catalase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cell apoptosis. The results showed that, depending on the extraction solvent, concentration used, and exposure time, E. foetidum extracts caused mortality, altered the hatching time, and promoted changes in enzymatic activities. Delays in development and increased GST activity were found in all treatments. Apoptosis was not observed in any of the treatments. In conclusion, AE, EE, and ME concentrations above 0.625 mg mL-1 can cause adverse effects on the early stages of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia Flavia Dias Castro
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP:37200-000, Brazil
| | - William Franco Carneiro
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP:37200-000, Brazil
| | - Tharyn Reichel
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - Sarah Lacerda Fabem
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP:37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciane Vilela Resende
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP:37200-000, Brazil
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19
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Hu G, Wang H, Shi H, Wan Y, Zhu J, Li X, Wang Q, Wang Y. Mixture toxicity of cadmium and acetamiprid to the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110150. [PMID: 36084721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are often exposed to contaminants that occur in the natural environment. Nevertheless, the toxic effects of chemical combinations on aquatic animals and their underlying toxic mechanisms for dealing with such exposures are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and acetamiprid (ACE) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) using various endpoints. Cd exhibited a 96-h LC50 value of 4.77 mg a.i. L-1 against zebrafish embryos, which was lower than that of ACE (152.6 mg a.i. L-1). In contrast, the 96-h LC50 value of the mixture of Cd and ACE was 157.4 mg a.i. L-1. The mixture of Cd and ACE had a synergetic effect on the organisms. The activities of T-SOD, POD, and CarE were significantly changed in most exposures compared with the control group. In addition, five genes (TRα, crh, Tnf, IL, and P53) involved in oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, the immune system, and the endocrine system exhibited more remarkable changes when exposed to chemical mixtures relative to their individual counterparts, demonstrating variations in the cellular and mRNA expression levels induced by the mixture exposure of ACE and Cd during the embryonic development of zebrafish. Therefore, these results indicated that the combined pollution of ACE and Cd could be a potentially hazardous factor, and further investigation is necessary for the safety evaluation and application of ACE. Moreover, further investigation on the combined toxicities of various chemicals must be performed to determine the chemical mixtures with synergistic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Kang S, Guo C, Xue C, Ma C, Mu H, Sun L. Toxic Effects of Two Representative Rare Earth Elements (La and Gd) on Danio rerio Based on Transcriptome Analysis. TOXICS 2022; 10:519. [PMID: 36136485 PMCID: PMC9503537 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The expanding applications of rare earth elements (REEs) in various fields have raised concerns about their biosafety. However, previous studies are insufficient to elucidate their toxic effects and mechanisms of action and whether there are uniform or predictable toxicity patterns among REEs. Herein, we investigated the toxic effects of two representative REEs (lanthanum (La) and gadolinium (Gd)) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) through toxicity experiments and transcriptome analysis. The results of the toxicity experiments showed that the two REEs have similar lethality, with half-lethal concentrations (LC50) at micromolar levels and mixed toxicity showing additive effects. Differential expression gene screening and functional group enrichment analysis showed that La and Gd might affect the growth and development of Danio rerio by interfering with some biological molecules. The two REEs showed significant effects on the metabolic pathways of exogenous or endogenous substances, including glutathione sulfotransferase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Moreover, some basic biological processes, such as DNA replication, the insulin signaling pathway, and the p53 signaling pathway, were significantly enriched. Overall, the toxicity patterns of La and Gd may affect some biological processes with different intensities; however, there are many similarities in their toxicity mechanisms and modes of action. The concentrations investigated in this study were comparable to those of REE residues at highly contaminated sites, thus mimicking the ecotoxicological effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Kang
- School of Public Management, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenshu Ma
- School of Public Management, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Liaoning Economic Vocational Technological Institute, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huaizhong Mu
- School of Public Management, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lizong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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21
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Park JJC, Kim DH, Kim MS, Sayed AEDH, Hagiwara A, Hwang UK, Park HG, Lee JS. Comparative genome analysis of the monogonont marine rotifer Brachionus manjavacas Australian strain: Potential application for ecotoxicology and environmental genomics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113752. [PMID: 35617743 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to analyze the whole-genome sequence of B. manjavacas Australian (Aus.) strain through combination of Oxford Nanopore long-read seq, resulting in a total length of 108.1 Mb and 75 contigs. Genome-wide detoxification related gene families in B. manjavacas Aus. strain were comparatively analyzed with those previously identified in other Brachionus spp., including B. manjavacas German (Ger.) strain. Most of the subfamilies in detoxification related families (CYPs, GSTs, and ABCs) were highly conserved and confirmed orthologous relationship with Brachionus spp., and with accumulation of genome data, clear differences between genomic repertoires were demonstrated the marine and the freshwater species. Furthermore, strain-specific genetic variations were present between the Aus. and Ger. strains of B. manjavacas. This whole-genome analysis provides in-depth review on the genomic structural differences for detoxification-related gene families and further provides useful information for comparative ecotoxicological studies and evolution of detoxification mechanisms in Brachionus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Jun Chul Park
- Département des Sciences, Université Sainte-Anne, Church Point, NS B0W 1M0, Canada
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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22
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Zhang P, Sun H, Lu R, Yu R, Li Y, Zhang K, Li B. Response of xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolic genes in Tribolium castaneum following eugenol exposure. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:801-815. [PMID: 35419714 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol, a plant-derived component possessing small side effects, has an insecticidal activity to Tribolium castaneum; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of eugenol acting on T. castaneum are currently unclear. Here, a nerve conduction carboxylesterase and a detoxifying glutathione S-transferase were significantly inhibited after eugenol exposure, resulting in the paralysis or death of beetles. Then, RNA-sequencing of eugenol-exposed and control samples identified 362 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), containing 206 up-regulated and 156 down-regulated genes. RNA-seq data were validated further by qRT-PCR. GO analysis revealed that DEGs were associated with 1308 GO terms of which the most enriched GO terms were catalytic activity, and integral component of membrane; KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were distributed in 151 different pathways, of which some pathways associated with metabolism of xenobiotics or drug were significantly enriched, which indicated that eugenol most likely disturbed the processes of metabolism, and detoxication. Moreover, several DEGs including Hexokinase type 2, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, and Cytochrome b-related protein, might participate in the respiratory metabolism of eugenol-exposed beetles. Some DEGs encoding CYP, UGT, GST, OBP, CSP, and ABC transporter were involved in the xenobiotic or drug metabolism pathway, which suggested that these genes of T. castaneum participated in the response to eugenol exposure. Additionally, TcOBPC11/ TcGSTs7, detected by qRT-PCR and RNA-interference against these genes, significantly increased the mortality of eugenol-treated T. castaneum, providing further evidence for the involvement of OBP/GST in eugenol metabolic detoxification in T. castaneum. These results aid eugenol insecticidal mechanisms and provide the basis of insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haidi Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ruixue Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Runnan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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23
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Piau TB, Fascineli ML, Moura DS, Albernaz LC, Espindola LS, Grisolia CK. In the screening of alternative insecticides to control Aedes aegytpti larvae 2-methylanthraquinone showed no genotoxicity and low toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210307. [PMID: 35238327 PMCID: PMC8892459 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The threats posed by insecticide resistance to Aedes aegypti in the context of controlling dengue have led to an urgent search for an environmentally safer alternative chemical with more effective larvicidal properties. Among many molecules tested, 2-methylanthraquinone showed the lowest LC50 for A. aegypti in a previous study and the highest LC50 for zebrafish embryos. Embryos were exposed at concentrations of 1.0, 2.19, 4.78, 10.46, 22.87, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L, and malformations and mortality were significantly observed only at the highest exposures of 50 and 100 mg/L after 96 h. Micronucleus test and comet assay in zebrafish adults were both negative after exposures at 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L for 96 h. Several biochemical biomarkers were analyzed in adults, and 2-methylanthraquinone did not interfere with acetylcholinesterase activity. The lactate dehydrogenase activity was higher at concentrations of 25 and 100 mg/L. Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activities were tested in the gill and body (muscle tail). The gill was more sensitive than body for GST activity after exposure to 2-methylanthraquinone, showing the highest activities, and 2-methylanthraquinone showed low toxicity to a non-target organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyana Benetis Piau
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Fascineli
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia, João Pessoa, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Sousa Moura
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lorena Carneiro Albernaz
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Laila Salmen Espindola
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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24
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Huang Z, Gao N, Zhang S, Xing J, Hou J. Investigating the toxically homogenous effects of three lanthanides on zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 253:109251. [PMID: 34861418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of rare earth elements (REEs) have been increasingly reported in the past decades and have raised concern about their environmental toxicities. However, the available data is insufficient to elucidate the toxic effects, mechanisms, and whether the toxicity across all REEs is uniform. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8 and 25.6 mg/L Ln(NO3)3•6H2O to test the acute toxicity of La(III), Ce(III), and Nd(III). LC50 of the three lanthanides was compared to the extent of the impact on gene expression. We carried out the functionally grouped network-based transcriptome analysis using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to explore the molecular mechanisms. The acute toxicity test showed that LC50 of La(III), Ce(III), and Nd(III) were 2.53, 2.03, and 2.76 mg/L, respectively. Consistent with acute toxicity, Ce(III) caused a little more DEGs than La(III) and Nd(III). Some biological processes such as metabolism of xenobiotics, oocyte meiosis, steroid biosynthesis, DNA replication, and p53 signaling pathway were affected following exposure of all the three lanthanides. Ce(III) also induced changes in the chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. The results indicated that the lethality is comparable, and the toxic patterns are similar across the three lanthanides. This study gives comparative research on the toxicities of three lanthanides to model organism zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianing Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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25
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Yu J, Chen L, Gu W, Liu S, Wu B. Heterogeneity effects of nanoplastics and lead on zebrafish intestinal cells identified by single-cell sequencing. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133133. [PMID: 34861263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles in water environment can adsorb heavy metals, leading to combined toxicity on aquatic organisms. However, current conclusions are mostly obtained based on cell population-average responses. Heterogeneity effects among cell populations in aquatic organisms remain unclear. This study firstly analyzed the basic toxic effects of 20 μg L-1, 200 μg L-1 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), 50 μg L-1 lead (Pb), and their combined exposures on zebrafish intestine. Results found that combined exposure of 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs and 50 μg L-1 Pb induced highest MDA, 8-OHdG, and TNF-α levels. Thus 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs, 50 μg L-1 Pb and their combined exposures were chosen to analyze the heterogeneity effects on zebrafish intestine cells by single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 38,640 zebrafish intestinal cells were obtained and identified as seven cell populations, including enterocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, T cells, enteroendocrine cells, and goblet cells. 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs exposure had the greatest influence on macrophages, while Pb exposure mostly influenced enterocytes. Results of MDA, 8-OHdG, and TNF-α analyses indicated that 20 μg L-1 and 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs increased the Pb toxicity. However, the scRNA-seq showed that the synergistic effects did not exist in most cell populations, except for goblet cells. Co-exposure of 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs and Pb caused similar transcriptome profiles with 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs exposure in macrophages, which changed immunological recognition and apoptosis processes. The Pb exposure influenced the macrophages by direct cytotoxicity. However, the Pb alone and combined exposures induced similar toxicities in the enterocytes, including the generation of oxidative stress and abnormality of lipid metabolism. This study shows the scRNA-seq is a powerful method to identify the target cell populations and corresponding toxic effects during combined exposure of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Weiqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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26
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Ma H, Liu Z, Yang Y, Feng D, Dong Y, Garbutt TA, Hu Z, Wang L, Luan C, Cooper CD, Li Y, Welch JD, Qian L, Liu J. Functional coordination of non-myocytes plays a key role in adult zebrafish heart regeneration. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52901. [PMID: 34523214 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration occurs primarily through proliferation of existing cardiomyocytes, but also involves complex interactions between distinct cardiac cell types including non-cardiomyocytes (non-CMs). However, the subpopulations, distinguishing molecular features, cellular functions, and intercellular interactions of non-CMs in heart regeneration remain largely unexplored. Using the LIGER algorithm, we assemble an atlas of cell states from 61,977 individual non-CM scRNA-seq profiles isolated at multiple time points during regeneration. This analysis reveals extensive non-CM cell diversity, including multiple macrophage (MC), fibroblast (FB), and endothelial cell (EC) subpopulations with unique spatiotemporal distributions, and suggests an important role for MC in inducing the activated FB and EC subpopulations. Indeed, pharmacological perturbation of MC function compromises the induction of the unique FB and EC subpopulations. Furthermore, we developed computational algorithm Topologizer to map the topological relationships and dynamic transitions between functional states. We uncover dynamic transitions between MC functional states and identify factors involved in mRNA processing and transcriptional regulation associated with the transition. Together, our single-cell transcriptomic analysis of non-CMs during cardiac regeneration provides a blueprint for interrogating the molecular and cellular basis of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dong Feng
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yanhan Dong
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tiffany A Garbutt
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Li Wang
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Changfei Luan
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia D Cooper
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua D Welch
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Li Qian
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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27
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Kortheerakul C, Kageyama H, Waditee-Sirisattha R. Molecular and functional insights into glutathione S-transferase genes associated with salt stress in Halothece sp. PCC7418. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3583-3596. [PMID: 34347891 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evolution and function of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in primordial oxygenic phototrophs such as cyanobacteria are poorly understood. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the GST gene family in the halotolerant cyanobacterium Halothece sp. PCC7418. Four putative Halothece-GSTs had very low homology, which implies evolutionary divergence. Of these, H0647, H0729 and H3557 were differentially expressed by oxidative stress whereas H3557 was highly and specifically upregulated under salt stress. In vitro analysis revealed that the recombinant H3557 exhibited GST activity toward 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH). H3557 displayed a broad range of activity at pH 6.5-10.5. Kinetic parameters showed the apparent Km for CDNB and GSH was 0.14 and 0.75 mM, respectively. H3557 remained catalytically active in the presence of NaCl. Structural modelling supported that H3557 is salt-adaptive enzyme with highly acidic residues on the protein surface. The vital function of H3557 in heterologous expression system was evaluated. The H3557-expressing cells were more tolerant to H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress compared with other GST-expressing cells and conferred salt tolerance. Taken together, the findings of this study provide insights into the molecular and cellular functions of GST in cyanobacteria, particularly under salt stress, which is less understood compared with other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chananwat Kortheerakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hakuto Kageyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of glutathione S-transferase family under hypoxia stress in silver sillago (Sillago sihama). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100920. [PMID: 34628157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an important detoxification enzyme in organisms. GSTs play an important role in responding to environmental stresses. This study aimed to identify the GST gene superfamily in silver sillago (Sillago sihama) and analyze its expression pattern under hypoxia stress. A total of 17 GST genes were identified in silver sillago. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GST gene family contained two subgroups (cytosolic and MAPEGs), and lacked three subgroups (i.e. Pi, Kappa, and MGST2). Phylogenetic and syntenic analysis revealed that GST genes were conserved in evolution. Eight SsGSTs were significantly differentially expressed under hypoxia stress in silver sillago by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis. The expression levels of SsMGST3b, SsGSTO1, SsGSTT1b and SsGSTR2 genes were significantly up-regulated after 4 h of reoxygenation in the gill tissue. In the heart tissue, the expression of SsGSTR3 was significantly up-regulated after 1 h of hypoxia while the expression levels of SsGSTT1b and SsFLAP genes were significantly down-regulated after 4 h of hypoxia. In summary, this study provides for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the GST gene superfamily of silver sillago.
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Tierbach A, Groh KJ, Schönenberger R, Schirmer K, Suter MJF. Biotransformation Capacity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Early Life Stages: Functionality of the Mercapturic Acid Pathway. Toxicol Sci 2021; 176:355-365. [PMID: 32428239 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages offer a versatile model system to study the efficacy and safety of drugs or other chemicals with regard to human and environmental health. This is because, aside from the well-characterized genome of zebrafish and the availability of a broad range of experimental and computational research tools, they are exceptionally well suited for high-throughput approaches. Yet, one important pharmacokinetic aspect is thus far only poorly understood in zebrafish embryo and early larvae: their biotransformation capacity. Especially, biotransformation of electrophilic compounds is a critical pathway because they easily react with nucleophile molecules, such as DNA or proteins, potentially inducing adverse health effects. To combat such adverse effects, conjugation reactions with glutathione and further processing within the mercapturic acid pathway have evolved. We here explore the functionality of this pathway in zebrafish early life stages using a reference substrate (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, CDNB). With this work, we show that zebrafish embryos can biotransform CDNB to the respective glutathione conjugate as early as 4 h postfertilization. At all examined life stages, the glutathione conjugate is further biotransformed to the last metabolite of the mercapturic acid pathway, the mercapturate, which is slowly excreted. Being able to biotransform electrophiles within the mercapturic acid pathway shows that zebrafish early life stages possess the potential to process xenobiotic compounds through glutathione conjugation and the formation of mercapturates. The presence of this chemical biotransformation and clearance route in zebrafish early life stages supports the application of this model in toxicology and chemical hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Tierbach
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René Schönenberger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Martínez-Álvarez I, Le Menach K, Devier MH, Barbarin I, Tomovska R, Cajaraville MP, Budzinski H, Orbea A. Uptake and effects of graphene oxide nanomaterials alone and in combination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145669. [PMID: 33618313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of its surface characteristics, once in the aquatic environment, graphene could act as a carrier of pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to aquatic organisms. In this study we aimed to (1) assess the capacity of graphene oxide (GO) to sorb PAHs and (2) to evaluate the toxicity of GO alone and in combination with PAHs on zebrafish embryos and adults. GO showed a high sorption capacity for benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) (98% of B(a)P sorbed from a nominal concentration of 100 μg/L) and for other PAHs of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil, depending on their log Kow (95.7% of phenanthrene, 84.4% of fluorene and 51.5% of acenaphthene). In embryos exposed to different GO nanomaterials alone and with PAHs, no significant mortality was recorded for any treatment. Nevertheless, malformation rate increased significantly in embryos exposed to the highest concentrations (5 or 10 mg/L) of GO and reduced GO (rGO) alone and with sorbed B(a)P (GO-B(a)P). On the other hand, adults were exposed for 21 days to 2 mg/L of GO, GO-B(a)P and GO co-exposed with WAF (GO + WAF) and to 100 μg/L B(a)P. Fish exposed to GO presented GO in the intestine lumen and liver vacuolisation. Transcription level of genes related to cell cycle regulation and oxidative stress was not altered, but the slight up-regulation of cyp1a measured in fish exposed to B(a)P for 3 days resulted in a significantly increased EROD activity. Fish exposed to GO-B(a)P and to B(a)P for 3 days and to GO + WAF for 21 days showed significantly higher catalase activity in the gills than control fish. Significantly lower acetylcholinesterase activity, indicating neurotoxic effects, was also observed in all fish treated for 21 days. Results demonstrated the capacity of GO to carry PAHs and to exert sublethal effects in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Martínez-Álvarez
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France; CBET research group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Devier
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Iranzu Barbarin
- POLYMAT and University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center - Avda. Tolosa, 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT and University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center - Avda. Tolosa, 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation of Science, Plaza Euskadi, 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET research group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Amaia Orbea
- CBET research group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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Park JC, Kim DH, Kim MS, Hagiwara A, Lee JS. The genome of the euryhaline rotifer Brachionus paranguensis: Potential use in molecular ecotoxicology. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100836. [PMID: 33940320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Brachionus spp. rotifers have been proposed as model organisms for ecotoxicological studies. We analyzed the whole-genome sequence of B. paranguensis through NextDenovo, resulting in a total length of 106.2 Mb and 71 contigs. The N50 and the GC content were 4.13 Mb and 28%, respectively. A total of 18,501 genes were predicted within the genome of B. paranguensis. Prominent detoxification-related gene families of phase I and II detoxifications have been investigated. In parallel with other Brachionus rotifers, high gene expansion was observed in CYP clan 3 and GST sigma class in B. paranguensis. Moreover, species-specific expansion of sulfotransferase (SULTs) and gain of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) through horizontal gene transfer has been specifically found within B. plicatilis complex. This whole-genome analysis of B. paranguensis provides a basis for molecular ecotoxicological studies and provides useful information for comparative studies of the evolution of detoxification mechanisms in Brachionus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Garige M, Walters E. Characterization of glutathione S-transferase enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum suggests a functional role for the GSTA2 isozyme in cell proliferation and development. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250704. [PMID: 33909675 PMCID: PMC8081208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we extend our previous characterization of Dictyostelium discoideum glutathione S-transferase (DdGST) enzymes that are expressed in the eukaryotic model organism. Transcript profiling of gstA1-gstA5 (alpha class) genes in vegetative, log phase cells identified gstA2 and gstA3 with highest expression (6-7.5-fold, respectively) when compared to other gstA transcripts. Marked reductions in all gstA transcripts occurred under starvation conditions, with gstA2 and gstA3 exhibiting the largest decreases (-96% and -86.6%, respectively). When compared to their pre-starvation levels, there was also a 60 percent reduction in total GST activity. Glutathione (GSH) pull-down assay and mass spectroscopy detected three isozymes (DdGSTA1, DdGSTA2 and DdGSTA3) that were predominantly expressed in vegetative cells. Biochemical and kinetic comparisons between rDdGSTA2 and rDdGSTA3 shows higher activity of rDdGSTA2 to the CDNB (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) substrate. RNAi-mediated knockdown of endogenous DdGSTA2 caused a 60 percent reduction in proliferation, delayed development, and altered morphogenesis of fruiting bodies, whereas overexpression of rDdGSTA2 enzyme had no effect. These findings corroborate previous studies that implicate a role for phase II GST enzymes in cell proliferation, homeostasis, and development in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Garige
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eric Walters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
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de Oliveira VS, Castro AJG, Cesconetto PA, de Souza AZP, Júnior JJB, de Oliveira Nuñer AP, Soares CHL, Van Der Kraak G, Silva FRMB. Triterpene betulin may be involved in the acute effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on testis physiology in zebrafish. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105147. [PMID: 33722738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulp and paper mill effluent can cause changes in the morphology and energy metabolism in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) testis. Betulin, a naturally occurring triterpene is commonly present in this type of effluent and is suspected of being involved in these effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects pulp and paper mill effluent and betulin on various aspects of testicular physiology in the zebrafish. This included the in vitro effects of effluent and betulin on testicular lactate content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In addition, the effects of betulin on glucose uptake, glycogen, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation and oxidative damage in the testes were determined. Furthermore, we compared the effects and mechanism of action of betulin and effluent on calcium homeostasis in testes. In vitro exposure to both effluent and betulin decreased lactate and calcium influx, possibly due to the activation of the sodium‑calcium exchanger (NCX) pump. Additionally, betulin-treated testes had higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as increased glutathione transferase (GST) activity and a tendency towards decreased catalase (CAT) activity. Thus, this study shows that alterations in testis physiology caused by the pulp and paper mill effluent in the testis may be due in part to the actions of betulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Staldoni de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Acordi Cesconetto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner Pacheco de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Pires de Oliveira Nuñer
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Lemos Soares
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- University of Guelph, Department of Integrative Biology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Vieira RSF, Venâncio CAS, Félix LM. Embryonic zebrafish response to a commercial formulation of azoxystrobin at environmental concentrations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111920. [PMID: 33497861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide for use on a wide range of crops available to end-users as formulated products. Due to its extensive application, it has been detected in aquatic ecosystems, raising concerns about its environmental impact, which is still poorly explored. The objective of this work was to study the effects of a commercial formulation of azoxystrobin in the zebrafish embryo model. Sublethal and lethal effects were monitored during the exposure period from 2 h post fertilisation (hpf) to 96 hpf after exposure to azoxystrobin concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg L-1). The responses of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR)) as well as detoxifying enzymes (glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE)) were evaluated at 96 hpf. Similarly, glutathione levels (reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) and anaerobic respiration (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) -related enzymes were assayed. At 120 hpf, larvae from each group were used for behaviour analysis. Results from this study showed concentration-dependent teratogenic effects, particularly by increasing the number of malformations (yolk and eye), with a higher prevalence at the highest concentration. However, it was found that the lowest concentration induced a high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased activity of SOD, GST, and CarE. In addition, GR and GSSG levels were decreased by the lowest concentration, suggesting an adaptive response to oxidative stress, which is also supported by the increased AChE activity and absence of behavioural changes. These findings advance the knowledge of the azoxystrobin developmental and environmental impacts, which may impose ecotoxicological risks to non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S F Vieira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos A S Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, nº 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Emami-Khoyi A, Le Roux R, Adair MG, Monsanto DM, Main DC, Parbhu SP, Schnelle CM, van der Lingen CD, Jansen van Vuuren B, Teske PR. Transcriptomic Diversity in the Livers of South African Sardines Participating in the Annual Sardine Run. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030368. [PMID: 33806647 PMCID: PMC8001748 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During austral winter, the southern and eastern coastlines of South Africa witness one of the largest animal migrations on the planet, the KwaZulu-Natal sardine run. Hundreds of millions of temperate sardines, Sardinops sagax, form large shoals that migrate north-east towards the subtropical Indian Ocean. Recent studies have highlighted the role that genetic and environmental factors play in sardine run formation. In the present study, we used massively parallel sequencing to assemble and annotate the first reference transcriptome from the liver cells of South African sardines, and to investigate the functional content and transcriptomic diversity. A total of 1,310,530 transcripts with an N50 of 1578 bp were assembled de novo. Several genes and core biochemical pathways that modulate energy production, energy storage, digestion, secretory processes, immune responses, signaling, regulatory processes, and detoxification were identified. The functional content of the liver transcriptome from six individuals that participated in the 2019 sardine run demonstrated heterogeneous levels of variation. Data presented in the current study provide new insights into the complex function of the liver transcriptome in South African sardines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Emami-Khoyi
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
| | - Rynhardt Le Roux
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
| | - Matthew G. Adair
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
| | - Daniela M. Monsanto
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
| | - Devon C. Main
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
| | - Shilpa P. Parbhu
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
| | - Claudia M. Schnelle
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
| | - Carl D. van der Lingen
- Branch: Fisheries Management, Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg 8012, South Africa;
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Bettine Jansen van Vuuren
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
| | - Peter R. Teske
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (A.E.-K.); (R.L.R.); (M.G.A.); (D.M.M.); (D.C.M.); (S.P.P.); (C.M.S.); (B.J.v.V.)
- Correspondence:
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36
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Rastogi A, Timme-Laragy AR. Using Monochlorobimane to Visualize Glutathione Utilization in the Developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e124. [PMID: 33555621 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays fundamental roles in cellular redox buffering and is a common detoxification pathway for excretion of xenobiotics. This is especially crucial during vertebrate embryogenesis, when an organism is at one of its most vulnerable life stages. Importantly, GSH content and redox potential can dictate cell fate decisions, which can have profound consequences if altered by early life xenobiotic exposures. Owing to technical limitations, the best available method to detect and quantify changes in GSH has been high-pressure liquid chromatography, a terminal method that prevents suborganism-level resolution of these changes in developing embryos. Here, we describe a protocol that leverages the transparent nature of zebrafish embryos and the compatibility of monochlorobimane with the zebrafish GSH-S-transferase enzymes, to allow for the visualization of changes in GSH via S-glutathionylation in a live, developing embryo. This method can find broad application in developmental biology and toxicology. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Rastogi
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Nadarajapillai K, Liyanage DS, Sellaththurai S, Jeong T, Lee S, Lee J. Glutathione-S-transferase alpha-4 in Hippocampus abdominalis (big-belly seahorse): Molecular characterization, antioxidant properties, and its potent immune response. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108917. [PMID: 33141081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is a key enzyme in the phase-II detoxification process and is a biomarker of oxidative stress. In this study, we analyzed the molecular, biochemical, and antioxidant properties of GST alpha-4 from Hippocampus abdominalis (HaGSTA-4). Also, the spatial and temporal expression of HaGSTA-4 upon immune challenge with abiotic and biotic stimulants were evaluated. The HaGSTA-4 ORF encodes 223 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25.7 kDa, and an estimated isoelectric point (pI) of 8.47. It consists of the GST_C superfamily and thioredoxin-like superfamily domain. The phylogenetic tree revealed that HaGSTA-4 is evolutionarily conserved with its GST alpha class counterparts. From pairwise alignment, the highest values of identity (78.5%) and similarity (85.7%) were with Parambassis ranga GSTA-4. Protein rHaGSTA-4 exhibited the highest conjugation activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) at pH 7 and 20 °C. A disk diffusion assay showed that rHaGSTA-4 significantly protects cells from the stress of exposure to ROS inducers such as CuSO4, CdCl2, and ZnCl2. Furthermore, overexpressed HaGSTA-4 defended cells against oxidative stress caused by H2O2; evidence of selenium-independent peroxidase activity. From qPCR, the tissue-specific expression profile demonstrates that HaGSTA-4 is most highly expressed in the kidney, followed by the intestine and stomach, among fourteen different tissues extracted from healthy seahorses. The mRNA expression profile of HaGSTA-4 upon immune challenge varied depending on the tissue and the time after challenge. Altogether, this study suggests that HaGSTA-4 may be involved in protection against oxidative stress, in immune defense regulation, and xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang L, Kim SH, Park KH, Zhi-Wei Y, Jie Z, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Glutathione S-Transferase P Influences Redox Homeostasis and Response to Drugs that Induce the Unfolded Protein Response in Zebrafish. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:121-132. [PMID: 33514607 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We have created a novel glutathione S-transferase π1 (gstp1) knockout (KO) zebrafish model and used it for comparative analyses of redox homeostasis and response to drugs that cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induce the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under basal conditions, gstp1 KO larvae had higher expression of antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) accompanied by a more reduced larval environment and a status consistent with reductive stress. Compared with wild type, various UPR markers were decreased in KO larvae, but treatment with drugs that induce ER stress caused greater toxicities and increased expression of Nrf2 and UPR markers in KO. Tunicamycin and 02-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl}1-(N,N-dimethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (PABA/nitric oxide) activated inositol-requiring protein-1/X-box binding protein 1 pathways, whereas thapsigargin caused greater activation of protein kinase-like ER kinase/activating transcription factor 4/CHOP pathways. These results suggest that this teleost model is useful for predicting how GSTP regulates organismal management of oxidative/reductive stress and is a determinant of response to drug-induced ER stress and the UPR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A new zebrafish model has been created to study the importance of glutathione S-transferase π1 in development, redox homeostasis, and response to drugs that enact cytotoxicity through endoplasmic reticulum stress and induction of the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ki-Hoon Park
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ye Zhi-Wei
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhang Jie
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Teratogenic, Oxidative Stress and Behavioural Outcomes of Three Fungicides of Natural Origin ( Equisetum arvense, Mimosa tenuiflora, Thymol) on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9010008. [PMID: 33435474 PMCID: PMC7827758 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The improper use of synthetic fungicides has raised public concerns related to environmental pollution and animal health. Over the years, plant-derived antifungals have been investigated as safer alternatives, although little scientific evidence of its neurodevelopmental effects exist. The main objective of this study was to explore the effects of three alternative natural extracts (Equisetum arvense, Mimosa tenuiflora, Thymol) with antifungal properties during the early development of zebrafish by evaluating different teratogenic, oxidative stress and behavioural outcomes. Following the determination of the 96 h-LC50, exposure to sublethal concentrations showed the safety profile of both E. arvense and M. tenuiflora. However, following 96-h exposure to Thymol, increased lethality, pericardial oedema, yolk and eye deformations, and decreased body length were observed. The reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio was increased, and the glutathione-s-transferase activity in the group exposed to the highest Thymol concentration. Overall, these results support a more reducing environment associated with possible effects at the cellular proliferation level. In addition, the disruption of behavioural states (fear- and anxiety-like disorders) were noted, pointing to alterations in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase developmental signalling pathway, although further studies are required to explore this rationale. Notwithstanding, the results provide direct evidence of the teratogenic effects of Thymol, which might have consequences for non-target species.
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Jouni F, Brouchoud C, Capowiez Y, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Rault M. Elucidating pesticide sensitivity of two endogeic earthworm species through the interplay between esterases and glutathione S-transferases. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127724. [PMID: 32805653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are common organisms in soil toxicity-testing framework, and endogeic species are currently recommended due to their ecological role in agroecosystem. However, little is known on their pesticide metabolic capacities. We firstly compared the baseline activity of B-esterases and glutathione-S-transferase in Allolobophora chlorotica and Aporrectodea caliginosa. Secondly, vulnerability of these species to pesticide exposure was assessed by in vitro trials using the organophosphate (OP) chlorpyrifos-ethyl-oxon (CPOx) and ethyl-paraoxon (POx), and by short-term (7 days) in vivo metabolic responses in soil contaminated with pesticides. Among B-esterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was abundant in the microsomal fraction (80% and 70% of total activity for A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica, respectively). Carboxylesterase (CbE) activities were measured using three substrates to examine species differences in isoenzyme and sensitivity to both in vitro and in vivo exposure. CbEs were mainly found in the cytosolic fraction (80% and 60% for A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica respectively). GST was exclusively found in the soluble fraction for both species. Both OPs inhibited B-esterases in a concentration-dependent manner. In vitro trials revealed a pesticide-specific response, being A. chlorotica AChE more sensitive to CPOx compared to POx. CbE activity was inhibited at the same extent in both species. The 7-d exposure showed A. chlorotica less sensitive to both OPs, which contrasted with outcomes from in vitro experiments. This non-related functional between both approaches for assessing pesticide toxicity suggests that other mechanisms linked with in vivo OP bioactivation and excretion could have a significant role in the OP toxicity in endogeic earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatina Jouni
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Corinne Brouchoud
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- INRAE, UMR 1114 EMMAH Domaine Saint Paul, 84914, Avignon Cedex 09, France
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Environmental Science and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Magali Rault
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France.
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Hassan AT, Kwong RWM. The neurophysiological effects of iron in early life stages of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115625. [PMID: 33254686 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal/ion homeostasis, neurophysiological performance, and molecular responses to iron (Fe) exposure were investigated in the model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). The findings demonstrated that exposure to a sublethal concentration of ferric iron (Fe3+) increased Fe contents in both the whole body and head region of developing zebrafish. Among the various trace metals and major ion examined, a dysregulation in manganese, zinc, nickel, and calcium balance was also observed in Fe-exposed larvae. Further biochemical assay and in-vivo imaging revealed that Fe exposure resulted in possible oxidative stress-induced damage, and an increased generation of reactive oxygen species in specific regions of the larvae. Using a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technology, it was found that the expression levels of various oxidative stress-responsive genes were temporally modulated by Fe exposure. Additionally, Fe-exposed larvae exhibited an impairment in escape response and a decrease in swimming activity. These larvae also appeared to exhibit a reduced anxiety-like behaviour. Together, our research suggested that larvae experiencing an increased Fe loading exhibited a dysregulation in metal homeostasis and a decrease in neurophysiological performance. These results suggested that neurophysiological assessments are sensitive methods to evaluate Fe toxicity in developing fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaat T Hassan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ahmadi S, Ghafouri H, Tarazi S, Sarikhan S, Kh OS. Cloning, purification and biochemical characterization of two glutathione S-transferase isoforms from Rutilus frisii kutum. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 179:105800. [PMID: 33248224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are an important multifunctional family of intracellular enzymes that their detoxification function has been reported in fishes since 1970, but no studies have been conducted on Rutilus frisii kutum GSTs yet. In the present study, RkGSTA and RkGSTM encoding genes were cloned and sequenced and their nucleotide sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank. In order to reduce the expression challenges of recombinant proteins including low solubility, low yield and insufficient purity issues in E. coli, the pKJE7 chaperone plasmid was used to increase the recovery of expressed proteins in the soluble fractions. Best expression clone was selected for purification by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The three-dimensional structural models were constructed by I-TASSER. The optimum temperature of purified RkGSTA and RkGSTM was 35 and 30 °C, with optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 8.5, respectively. The thermostability and pH stability results indicated that RkGSTA is more heat-tolerant than RkGSTM though both of them retained more than 80% of their activities at pH 6.5 to 9.0. Overall, this study represents a comprehensive perspective on the structural and biochemical aspects of this enzyme that would be even used in further researches such as drug design studies in order to eliminate toxicant compounds from the body and environment of fishes to protect them against undesired harmful damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sara Tarazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sajjad Sarikhan
- Molecular Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Saberi Kh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Mfeka MS, Martínez-Oyanedel J, Chen W, Achilonu I, Syed K, Khoza T. Comparative analyses and structural insights of new class glutathione transferases in Cryptosporidium species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20370. [PMID: 33230237 PMCID: PMC7683740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium, is estimated to rank as a leading cause in the global burden of neglected zoonotic parasitic diseases. This diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Based on the C. parvum transcriptome data, glutathione transferase (GST) has been suggested as a drug target against this pathogen. GSTs are diverse multifunctional proteins involved in cellular defense and detoxification in organisms and help pathogens to alleviate chemical and environmental stress. In this study, we performed genome-wide data mining, identification, classification and in silico structural analysis of GSTs in fifteen Cryptosporidium species. The study revealed the presence three GSTs in each of the Cryptosporidium species analyzed in the study. Based on the percentage identity and comprehensive comparative phylogenetic analysis, we assigned Cryptosporidium species GSTs to three new GST classes, named Vega (ϑ), Gamma (γ) and Psi (ψ). The study also revealed an atypical thioredoxin-like fold in the C. parvum GST1 of the Vega class, whereas C. parvum GST2 of the Gamma class and C. melagridis GST3 of the Psi class has a typical thioredoxin-like fold in the N-terminal region. This study reports the first comparative analysis of GSTs in Cryptosporidium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbalenhle Sizamile Mfeka
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, South Africa
| | - José Martínez-Oyanedel
- Laboratorio de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario S/N, Casilla 160_C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Wanping Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Khajamohiddin Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, 1 Main Road Vulindlela, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa.
| | - Thandeka Khoza
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, South Africa.
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Tierbach A, Groh KJ, Schoenenberger R, Schirmer K, Suter MJF. Characterization of the Mercapturic Acid Pathway, an Important Phase II Biotransformation Route, in a Zebrafish Embryo Cell Line. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2863-2871. [PMID: 32990429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of the steadily increasing number of chemical compounds used in various products and applications, high-throughput toxicity screening techniques can help meeting the needs of 21st century risk assessment. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), especially its early life stages, are increasingly used in such screening efforts. In contrast, cell lines derived from this model organism have received less attention so far. A conceivable reason is the limited knowledge about their overall capacity to biotransform chemicals and the spectrum of expressed biotransformation pathways. One important biotransformation route is the mercapturic acid pathway, which protects organisms from harmful electrophilic compounds. The fully functional pathway involves a succession of several enzymatic reactions. To investigate the mercapturic acid pathway performance in the zebrafish embryonic cell line, PAC2, we analyzed the biotransformation products of the reactions comprising this pathway in the cells exposed to a nontoxic concentration of the reference substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Additionally, we used targeted proteomics to measure the expression of cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), the enzyme family catalyzing the first reaction in this pathway. Our results reveal that the PAC2 cell line expresses a fully functional mercapturic acid pathway. All but one of the intermediate CDNB biotransformation products were identified. The presence of the active mercapturic acid pathway in this cell line was further supported by the expression of a large palette of GST enzyme classes. Although the enzymes of the class alpha, one of the dominant GST classes in the zebrafish embryo, were not detected, this did not seem to affect the capacity of the PAC2 cells to biotransform CDNB. Our data provide an important contribution toward using zebrafish cell lines, specifically PAC2, for animal-free high- throughput screening in toxicology and chemical hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Tierbach
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René Schoenenberger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Santos C, Bueno Dos Reis Martinez C. Biotransformation in the fish Prochilodus lineatus: An organ-specific approach to cyp1a gene expression and biochemical activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103467. [PMID: 32791344 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation ability of the organism is the result of organ-specific responses. This paper presents a molecular and biochemical approach to elucidate the biotransformation mechanisms in different organs of Prochilodus lineatus induced at 6, 24, and 96 h after a benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) injection. The induction in cyp1a transcription showed an organ-specific intensity at every tested time time. The EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) activity increased rapidly (6 h) in the liver and the kidney; the gills and the brain showed an increase at 24 h; and the gills demonstrated the highest activity among all the organs tested. There was no increase in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity or lipoperoxidation. The decreased hepatic glutathione content (GSH) may be due to its role as an antioxidant. B[a]P was detected in the bile, confirming the xenobiotic efflux from the metabolizing organs. The gills, liver, brain, and kidney of P. lineatus presented an integrated mechanism to deal with the xenobiotic biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Parana, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Parana, 86057-970, Brazil.
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Bao Z, Zhao Y, Wu A, Lou Z, Lu H, Yu Q, Fu Z, Jin Y. Sub-chronic carbendazim exposure induces hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis in adult zebrafish (Daino rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140081. [PMID: 32554111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) as a broad spectrum fungicide is widely used in the whole world to contorl plant diseases. With the application of CBZ in the agriculture, it has been detected in vegetables and fruits. Nowadays, it even has been detected in the watercourse and indoor dust. However, the toxic effects of CBZ on aquatic organisms have received limited attention. In this study, male adult zebrafish were exposed at 0, 30 and 100 μg/L CBZ for 21 days to assess its effects on hepatic glycolipid metabolism. After exposure, the body weight and length decreased, but the condition factor increased significantly. Some hepatic biochemical parameters including the levels of glucose, pyruvate, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly in the liver of zebrafish after exposure with CBZ. Two transaminases alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) also increased significantly, indicating that subchronic CBZ exposure influenced the liver function. Moreover, the relative mRNA levels of some key genes related to the glycolysis and lipid metabolism in the liver also changed significantly. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis showed that the carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism and detoxification metabolism were also affected in the liver of CBZ exposed zebrafish. Interestingly, we also found the amounts of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia at phylum level significantly decreased in the gut. Sequencing V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA also demonstrated gut microbiota composition changed significantly according to weighted UniFrac distance analysis. Consequently, subchronic CBZ exposure induced hepatic metabolic disorder accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis in adult male zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Anyi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ze Lou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Huahui Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qianxuan Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Ng PCI, Chan JYW, Leung RKK, Li J, Ren Z, Chan AWH, Xu Y, Lee SS, Wang R, Ji X, Zheng J, Chan DPC, Yew WW, Lee SMY. Role of oxidative stress in clofazimine-induced cardiac dysfunction in a zebrafish model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110749. [PMID: 33017766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clofazimine (CFZ), a riminophenazine, is now commonly used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. However, its use may be potentially associated with cardiac dysfunction in some individuals. In this study, the zebrafish heart, by merit of its developmental and genetic characteristics being in homology with that of human, was chosen as an animal model for evaluation of such dysfunction. METHODS Morphological and physiological parameters were used to assess cardiac dysfunction. Transcriptome analysis was performed, followed by validation with real-time quantitative PCR, for delineation of the relevant genomics. RESULTS Exposure of 2 dpf zebrafish to 4 mg/L CFZ for 2 days, adversely affected cardiac functions including significant decreases in HR, SV, CO, and FS, with observable pathophysiological developments of pericardial effusion and blood accumulation in the heart, in comparison with the control group. In addition, genes which respond to xenobiotic stimulus, related to oxygen transport, glutathione metabolism and extracellular matrix -receptor interactions, were significantly enriched among the differentially up-regulated genes. Antioxidant response element motif was enriched in the 5000 base pair upstream regions of the differentially expressed genes. Co-administration of N-acetylcysteine was shown to protect zebrafish against the development of CFZ-induced cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests an important role of oxidative stress as a major pathogenetic mechanism of riminophenazine-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe C I Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Judy Y W Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ross K K Leung
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Z Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y Xu
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S S Lee
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - R Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xia Ji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Denise P C Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - W W Yew
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Simon M Y Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Giri SS, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Kim SW, Kwon J, Lee SB, Sukumaran V, Chang Park S. Effectiveness of the guava leaf extracts against lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and immune responses in Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:164-176. [PMID: 32687879 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of the guava leaf extracts (GLE) against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in fish macrophage cell lines is well documented. Here, we evaluated the effects of dietary GLE on LPS-induced oxidative stress, immune responses, and glucocorticoid receptor-related gene expression in Cyprinus carpio. Basal diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg kg-1 GLE for eight weeks. Highest (p < 0.05) weight gain rate was obtained in fish group supplemented with 200 mg kg-1 of GLE. The results showed that superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lysozyme, and complement C3 decreased, while malondialdehyde level increased in the liver and spleen upon LPS-challenge. Dietary GLE supplementation (especially 200 or 250 mg kg-1) alleviated LPS-induced changes. Similarly, GLE (150-250 mg kg-1) reversed LPS-induced alteration of serum biochemical parameters such as alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and myeloperoxidase. LPS treatment markedly induced increased the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 in both the liver and kidney tissues; however, GLE pre-treatment attenuated LPS-induced elicitation of TNF-α, IL-β, and NF-κB p65. Moreover, dietary GLE supplementation significantly increased the expression of HSP70 and HSP90, and glucocorticoid receptor in the liver and kidney after LPS challenge. Thus, GLE attenuated LPS-induced inflammation response by up-regulating glucocorticoid receptor-related gene expression in carp. Finally, GLE supplementation reduced carp mortality after LPS-challenge. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with 200 mg kg-1 GLE is adequate for effectively attenuating LPS-induced oxidative stress and immune-suppressive effects in C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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49
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhao X, Gao B, He Z, Li L, Shi H, Wang M. Stereoselective uptake and metabolism of prothioconazole caused oxidative stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122756. [PMID: 32353726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prothioconazole (PTA) is a novel, broad-spectrum, chiral triazole fungicide that is mainly used to prevent and control the disease of cereal crops. However, the adverse effects of PTA and its major metabolite on nontarget organisms have aroused wide concern. In the present work, the acute toxic of the metabolite prothioconazole-desthio (PTA-desthio), with an LC50 of 1.31 mg L-1, was 3.5-fold more toxic than the parent compound, indicating that the metabolism of PTA in zebrafish was toxic. The stereoselective uptake and metabolism of PTA and PTA-desthio in zebrafish was firstly investigated using LC-MS/MS. Remarkable enantioselectivity was observed: S-PTA and S-PTA-desthio were preferentially uptake with the uptake rate constants of 8.22 and 8.15 d-1 at exposure concentration of 0.5 mg L-1, respectively, and the R-PTA-desthio were preferentially metabolized. PTA-desthio was rapidly formed during the uptake processes. The antioxidant enzyme activities in the zebrafish changed significantly, and these effects were reversible. A metabolic pathway including 13 phase I metabolites and 2 phase II metabolites was firstly proposed. A glucuronic acid conjugate and sulfate conjugate were observed in zebrafish. The results of this work provide information that highlights and can help mitigate the potential toxicity of PTA to the ecological environment and humans health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 20095, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 20095, PR China
| | - Xuejun Zhao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 20095, PR China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 20095, PR China
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 20095, PR China
| | - Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 20095, PR China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 20095, PR China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 20095, PR China.
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Zhang X, Yang J, Liu X, Zhao G, Li X, Xun G. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTT1 and GSTM1) and risk of schizophrenia: A case-control study in Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21918. [PMID: 32899025 PMCID: PMC7478483 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic disability disorder related to oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a group enzyme that protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress damage. Among GSTs, GSTT1 and GSTM1 have well defined genetic polymorphisms. The purpose of our research was to explore the correlation between GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphism and SCZ risk in Chinese Han population.A total of 650 subjects (386 SCZ patients and 264 healthy individuals) were included in this case-control designed study. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We explored the relationship between these 2 polymorphisms and the risk of SCZ.We found that the GSTT1 null genotype had a protective effect on the development of SCZ [odds ratio (OR) = 0.601, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.412-0.986, P = .031]. We also found that the combination of null genotypes of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was made at a lower risk of SCZ (OR = 0.452, 95% CI = 0.238-0.845, P = .028). However, we found no correction between Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score (PANSS) and GSTM1, GSST1 genotypes in SCZ patients.Our finding revealed that GSTT1 null polymorphisms may be related to the reduced risk of SCZ in Chinese Han population, and this risk was further reduced with the combination of GSTT1 null polymorphisms and GSTM1 null polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guanglei Xun
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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