1
|
Porricelli D, Tecilla M, Pucci V, Di Rosa E, Mondini S, Cappelletti M. Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:139. [PMID: 38954168 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive Reserve (CR) reflects acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities throughout life, and it is known for modulating cognitive efficiency in healthy and clinical populations. CR, which was initially proposed to explain individual differences in the clinical presentation of dementia, has subsequently been extended to healthy ageing, showing its role in cognitive efficiency also during middle age. Recently, CR has been linked to affective processes in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, major depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress, suggesting its potential role in emotional expression and regulation. Whether the role of CR in mental health extends to non-pathological adults, and whether this is only relevant in older age is not yet clear. The aim of this work was therefore to explore the relationship between CR and mental health in healthy adults, with a focus on middle adulthood (40-60). In a sample of 96 participants, we found a positive association between CR and mental health outcomes, such that a higher cognitive reserve index corresponded to fewer mental health reported symptoms. Specifically, a higher CR reflecting professional activities was associated with lower stress levels, especially in middle agers. Taken together, these data therefore suggest that engaging occupations may help maintain a robust mental health, especially by reducing stress symptoms during middle age. These results broaden previous findings suggesting that CR relates to affective components of mental health in middle aged and older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronica Pucci
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Centre (HIT), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Rosa
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Mondini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Centre (HIT), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization (DPSS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cochar-Soares N, de Oliveira DC, Luiz MM, Aliberti MJR, Suemoto CK, Steptoe A, de Oliveira C, Alexandre T. Sex Differences in the Trajectories of Cognitive Decline and Affected Cognitive Domains Among Older Adults With Controlled and Uncontrolled Glycemia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae136. [PMID: 38775400 PMCID: PMC11181940 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze the trajectories of cognitive decline as a function of the presence of type 2 diabetes and glycemic control in analyzes stratified by sex in an 8-year follow-up period. METHODS A total of 1 752 men and 2 232 women aged ≥50 years who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), conducted from 2004 to 2012, were analyzed. The outcomes of interest were performance on the cognitive domains of memory, executive function, and temporal orientation as well as the global cognition score. Cognitive performance was standardized in z-scores in strata based on schooling and age. The participants were classified as without diabetes, with controlled glycemia, and with uncontrolled glycemia, according to medical diagnosis, glucose-lowering medications use and HbA1c levels. Generalized linear mixed models controlled by sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related characteristics were used for the trajectory analyses. RESULTS No differences in z-scores were found for global cognition or cognitive domains based on diabetes classification in men and women at baseline. More than 8 years of follow up, women with uncontrolled glycemia had a greater decline in z-scores for global cognition (-0.037 SD/year [95% CI: -0.073; -0.001]) and executive function (-0.049 SD/year [95% CI: -0.092; -0.007]) compared with those without diabetes. No significant difference in trajectories of global cognition or any cognitive domain was found in men as a function of diabetes classification. CONCLUSIONS Women with uncontrolled glycemia are at greater risk of a decline in global cognition and executive function than those without diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dayane C de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariane M Luiz
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Márlon J R Aliberti
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago S Alexandre
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heiskanen MA, Nevalainen J, Pahkala K, Juonala M, Hutri N, Kähönen M, Jokinen E, Laitinen TP, Tossavainen P, Taittonen L, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Rovio SP. Change in cognitive performance during seven-year follow-up in midlife is associated with sex, age, and education - The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12466-2. [PMID: 38824491 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex, age, and education are associated with the level of cognitive performance. We investigated whether these factors modulate the change in cognitive performance in midlife by leveraging the longitudinal data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS). METHODS Participants of the YFS cohort performed a computer-based Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) in 2011 and 2018 (n = 1671, age 41-56 years in 2018). Overall cognitive performance and domains representing learning and memory, working memory, reaction time, and information processing were extracted by common principal component analysis from the longitudinal cognitive data. Linear models adjusted for baseline cognitive performance were used to study the association of sex, age, and education with changes in overall cognitive performance and in the cognitive domains. RESULTS Cognitive performance decreased in all domains (overall cognition -0.56 SD, p < 0.001; working memory -0.81 SD, p < 0.001; learning and memory -0.70 SD, p < 0.001; reaction time -0.06 SD, p = 0.019; information processing -0.03 SD, p = 0.016). The decrease in working memory and information processing was greater in females compared to males. Cognitive performance decreased more in older participants in all domains. Education alleviated the decrease in cognitive performance in all domains except reaction time. The beneficial effect of education was greater for males. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the natural course of aging-related changes in cognitive performance in midlife, the critical time window for early prevention of clinical cognitive decline. These findings provide a reference for studies focusing on determinants of pathological cognitive decline deviating from normal changes in cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marja A Heiskanen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ourry V, Binette AP, St-Onge F, Strikwerda-Brown C, Chagnot A, Poirier J, Breitner J, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Rabin JS, Buckley R, Gonneaud J, Marchant NL, Villeneuve S. How Do Modifiable Risk Factors Affect Alzheimer's Disease Pathology or Mitigate Its Effect on Clinical Symptom Expression? Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1006-1019. [PMID: 37689129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that modifiable risk factors account for approximately 40% of the population variability in risk of developing dementia, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent findings suggest that these factors may also modify disease trajectories of people with autosomal-dominant AD. With positron emission tomography imaging, it is now possible to study the disease many years before its clinical onset. Such studies can provide key knowledge regarding pathways for either the prevention of pathology or the postponement of its clinical expression. The former "resistance pathway" suggests that modifiable risk factors could affect amyloid and tau burden decades before the appearance of cognitive impairment. Alternatively, the resilience pathway suggests that modifiable risk factors may mitigate the symptomatic expression of AD pathology on cognition. These pathways are not mutually exclusive and may appear at different disease stages. Here, in a narrative review, we present neuroimaging evidence that supports both pathways in sporadic AD and autosomal-dominant AD. We then propose mechanisms for their protective effect. Among possible mechanisms, we examine neural and vascular mechanisms for the resistance pathway. We also describe brain maintenance and functional compensation as bases for the resilience pathway. Improved mechanistic understanding of both pathways may suggest new interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ourry
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frédéric St-Onge
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cherie Strikwerda-Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Judes Poirier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Breitner
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Buckley
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eliasen EH, Weihe P, Debes F, Tróndarson M, Petersen MS. 10-Year Cognitive Change in the Faroese Septuagenarian Cohort and Impact of Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, and Health Factors. J Aging Health 2024:8982643241255405. [PMID: 38819787 DOI: 10.1177/08982643241255405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate cognitive change in multiple cognitive domains in a population-based cohort of 713 Faroese older adults. METHODS Participants were cognitively tested at baseline (70-74 years) and re-evaluated after 10 years. Changes in cognitive performance and the impact of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and health conditions were analysed using mixed-effect models. Participants free from dementia were studied in separate analyses. RESULTS A significant decline over 10 years was observed in most of the neuropsychological tests. People living in rural areas, married or cohabiting people, people without professional education, slightly older persons, smokers, teetotalers, and people with heart disease and abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) had a steeper decline in cognitive ability. Conflicting results were found for sex and people with myocardial infarction (MI). DISCUSSION There are modifiable factors that contribute to cognitive decline which should be addressed in future public health efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eina H Eliasen
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Fróði Debes
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Marjun Tróndarson
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blumen HM, Jayakody O, Ayers E, Barzilai N, Habeck C, Milman S, Stern Y, Weiss EF, Verghese J. Cognitive reserve proxies are associated with age-related cognitive decline - Not age-related gait speed decline. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 141:46-54. [PMID: 38820770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Cognition and gait share brain substrates in aging and dementia. Cognitive reserve (CR) allows individuals to cope with brain pathology and delay cognitive impairment and dementia. Yet, evidence for that CR is associated with age-related cognitive decline is mixed, and evidence for that CR is associated with age-related gait decline is limited. In 1,079 older (M Age = 75.4 years; 56.0% women) LonGenity study participants without dementia at baseline and up to 12 years of annual follow-up (M follow-up = 3.9 years, SD = 2.5 years), high CR inferred from cognitive (education years), physical (number of blocks walked per day; weekly physical activity days), and social (volunteering/working; living with someone) proxies were associated with slower rates of age-related decline in global cognition - not gait speed decline. Thus, cognitive, physical, and social CR proxies are associated with cognitive decline in older adults without dementia. The multifactorial etiology and earlier decline in gait than cognition may render it less modifiable by CR proxies later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Blumen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Oshadi Jayakody
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica F Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen S, Ling Y, Zhou F, Qiao X, Reinhardt JD. Trajectories of cognitive function among people aged 45 years and older living with diabetes in China: Results from a nationally representative longitudinal study (2011~2018). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299316. [PMID: 38787866 PMCID: PMC11125531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes is associated with decline of cognitive function. Exploring different trajectories of cognitive function occurring in people with diabetes is important to improved prognosis. This study aimed to investigate differential patterns of trajectories of cognitive function and baseline determinants of trajectory group membership utilizing data from middle-aged and older Chinese adults with diabetes. METHODS Participants of the Chinese Health And Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) aged 45 years and above received biennial assessments between 2011 and 2018. The primary outcome was overall cognitive function score operationalized as sum of mental intactness and episodic memory scores derived from the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS). A weighted growth mixture model was used to estimate cognitive function trajectories of CHARLS participants with diabetes, and baseline factors associated with trajectory group membership were investigated with weighted multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Data from 1,463 participants with diabetes aged 45 years and above were analyzed, a three-group trajectory model showed the best fit for overall cognitive scores: low baseline, linear declining (22.1%); moderate baseline, linear declining (37.5%) and high-stable (40.3%). Older participants, females, participants with low education, with nighttime sleep <6 h, without daytime napping habits, and with depressive symptoms were at a higher risk of unfavorable cognitive function trajectories. CONCLUSIONS We identified heterogeneous trajectories of cognitive function among middle-aged and older people living with diabetes in China. Socially vulnerable groups including females, rural residents, and those with low education were at a higher risk for unfavorable trajectories. In health programs aimed at preventing and mitigating cognitive decline in individuals with diabetes more attention should be given to vulnerable groups. Reduced nighttime sleep, lack of daytime napping, and depressive symptoms appear to be modifiable risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction of Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuewei Ling
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Faquan Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Qiao
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction of Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction of Sichuan University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Medicine Centre, Jiangsu Province Hospital/Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin T, Huang T, Zhang T, Li Q, Yan C, Wang Q, Chen X, Zhou J, Sun Y, Bo W, Luo Z, Li H, An Y. A Bayesian benchmark concentration analysis for urinary fluoride and intelligence in adults in Guizhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171326. [PMID: 38460703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Environmental fluoride exposure has been linked to numerous cases of fluorosis worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that long-term exposure to fluoride can result in intellectual damage among children. However, a comprehensive health risk assessment of fluorosis-induced intellectual damage is still pending. In this research, we utilized the Bayesian Benchmark Dose Analysis System (BBMD) to investigate the dose-response relationship between urinary fluoride (U-F) concentration and Raven scores in adults from Nayong, Guizhou, China. Our research findings indecate a dose-response relationship between the concentration of U-F and intelligence scores in adults. As the benchmark response (BMR) increased, both the benchmark concentration (BMCs) and the lower bound of the credible interval (BMCLs) increased. Specifically, BMCs for the association between U-F and IQ score were determined to be 0.18 mg/L (BMCL1 = 0.08 mg/L), 0.91 mg/L (BMCL5 = 0.40 mg/L), 1.83 mg/L (BMCL10 = 0.83 mg/L) when using BMRs of 1 %, 5 %, and 10 %. These results indicate that U-F can serve as an effective biomarker for monitoring the loss of IQ in population. We propose three interim targets for public policy in preventing interllectual harm from fluoride exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxu Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China; School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianxue Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Quan Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nayong County, 553300 Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental Water Science in the Yangtze River Basin, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nayong County, 553300 Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiufang Chen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nayong County, 553300 Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nayong County, 553300 Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yitong Sun
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenqing Bo
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ziqi Luo
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haodong Li
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gutierrez S, Meza E, Glymour MM, Torres JM. My Parent, Myself, or My Child: Whose Education Matters Most for Trajectories of Cognitive Aging in Middle Age? Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:695-706. [PMID: 37116072 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing body of evidence linking intergenerational education and late-life cognitive decline is almost exclusively from high-income countries, despite rapid intergenerational changes in education in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (n = 8,822), a cohort study of Mexican adults aged ≥50 years (2001-2018), to evaluate whether parental education (none vs. any formal schooling), one's own education (less than primary school vs. completion of primary school), or an adult child's education (less than high school vs. completion of high school) was associated with verbal memory z scores. We used linear mixed models with inverse probability of attrition weights. Educational attainment in all 3 generations was associated with baseline verbal memory scores, independent of the prior generation's education. Lower parental (β = -0.005, 95% confidence interval: -0.009, -0.002) and respondent (β = -0.013, 95% confidence interval: -0.017, -0.010) educational level were associated with faster decline in delayed (but not immediate) verbal memory z scores. Associations between adult child's education and respondent's verbal memory decline varied by exposure specification. The educational attainment of parents and adult children may influence the cognitive aging of middle-aged and older adults in LMICs. These results have important implications given recent structural shifts in educational attainment in many LMICs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Owens JH, Fiala J, Jones RN, Marsiske M. The Mediating Effects of Education and Occupational Complexity Between Race and Longitudinal Change in Late Life Cognition in ACTIVE. Res Aging 2024:1640275241248825. [PMID: 38648193 DOI: 10.1177/01640275241248825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study examined educational and occupational inequality as two aspects of social determinants of health that might mediate the longitudinal relationship between racialization and late life cognitive level and change. Participants were 2371 individuals racialized as Black and White from the ACTIVE study who provided occupational data. Data were analyzed from baseline and five assessments over 10-years using structural equation modeling. Black/White race served as the predictor, occupational complexity (OC) and years of education as mediators, and cognitive (memory, reasoning, and speed of processing) intercept, linear slope, and quadratic slope as the dependent variables. Black/White race showed significant indirect associations through education and OC on level of performance in cognition, linear change in reasoning and memory, and quadratic change in reasoning. Education and OC accounted for 11-16% of the association between race and cognitive level and represent modifiable social determinants of health that are associated with disparities in cognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Owens
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Fiala
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard N Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mashinchi GM, McFarland CP, Hall S, Strongin DL, Williams GA, Cotter KA. Handicraft art leisure activities and cognitive reserve. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:683-714. [PMID: 37674299 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2253993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveOlder individuals face a higher likelihood of developing dementia. The rate of cognitive decline resulting from dementia is not equivalent for all, as some patients with dementia are able to function independently longer than others, despite having similar disease burden. The cognitive reserve (CR) theory provides one explanation for the differing rate of decline. CR suggests that there are factors-most notably, educational attainment and occupational attainment-that can protect against the cognitive decline. Although the beneficial effects of these notable CR factors are clear, not all are easily modifiable. Participation in leisure activities may represent a more easily modifiable factor. Some research hints at beneficial effects of leisure activities, although specific leisure activities have not been well examined. The present study examined the relations between handicraft art leisure activities (HALAs) and multiple cognitive domains. MethodArchival WAIS-IV and demographic data for 50 California retirement community residents were examined. ResultsHALA participation accounted for statistically significant variance in working memory performance (R2 = .40, β = .24%) over and above the established CR factors of age, depression, educational attainment, and occupational attainment. In addition, HALA participation was related to a better ability to perform abstract visual information tasks (Block Design subtest, r = .28, p = .05) and non-verbal reasoning tasks (Visual Puzzles subtest, r = .38, p = .008). ConclusionsHALA participation among older adults could contribute to the retention of cognitive function, supporting the role of HALA participation as a CR factor.
Collapse
|
12
|
Grønkjær M, Mortensen EL, Wimmelmann CL, Flensborg-Madsen T, Osler M, Okholm GT. The Danish Aging and Cognition (DanACo) cohort. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:238. [PMID: 38454360 PMCID: PMC10921587 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With aging populations worldwide, identification of predictors of age-related cognitive decline is becoming increasingly important. The Danish Aging and Cognition Cohort (DanACo) including more than 5000 Danish men was established to investigate predictors of age-related cognitive decline from young adulthood to late mid-life. CONSTRUCTION AND CONTENT The DanACo cohort was established through two separate data collections with identical designs involving a follow-up examination in late mid-life of men for whom intelligence test scores were available from their mandatory conscription board examination. The cohort consists of 5,183 men born from 1949 through 1961, with a mean age of 20.4 years at baseline and a mean age of 64.4 years at follow-up. The baseline measures consisted of height, weight, intelligence test score and educational level collected at the conscription board examination. The follow-up assessment consisted of a re-administration of the same intelligence test and a comprehensive questionnaire covering socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, and health-related factors. The data were collected in test sessions with up to 24 participants per session. Using the unique personal identification number assigned to all Danes, the cohort has been linked to data from national administrative and health registers for prospectively collected data on socioeconomic and health-related factors. UTILITY AND DISCUSSION The DanACo cohort has some major strengths compared to existing cognitive aging cohorts such as a large sample size (n = 5,183 men), a validated global measure of cognitive ability, a long retest interval (mean 44.0 years) and the availability of prospectively collected data from registries as well as comprehensive questionnaire data. The main weakness is the low participation rate (14.3%) and that the cohort consists of men only. CONCLUSION Cognitive decline is a result of a summary of factors across the life-course. The DanACo cohort is characterized by a long retest interval and contains data on a wealth of factors across adult life which is essential to establish evidence on predictors of cognitive decline. Moreover, the size of the cohort ensures sufficient statistical power to identify even relatively weak predictors of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Grønkjær
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Medical Psychology, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Medical Psychology, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Centre for Childhood Health, Islands Brygge 41, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Trine Flensborg-Madsen
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Medical Psychology, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Tidemann Okholm
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Medical Psychology, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1353, Denmark.
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Batra R, Kumar DA, Rao A, Kaloiya GS, Khan MA, Satapathy S, Chakrawarty A, Soni N, Kumar P, Chatterjee P. Clinical and neuropsychological characterization of SuperAgers residing in Delhi and National Capital Region of India-A cross-sectional study. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:67-73. [PMID: 38571668 PMCID: PMC10985767 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction SuperAgers (SA) are older adults who exhibit cognitive capacities comparable to individuals who are three or more decades younger than them. The current study aimed to identify the characteristics of Indian SA by categorizing 55 older adults into SA and Typical Older Adults (TOA) and comparing their performance with a group of 50 younger participants (YP) (aged 25-50). Methods A total of 105 participants were recruited after obtaining informed written consent. The cognitive abilities of the participants were assessed using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-IVINDIA, Color Trails Test, Boston Naming Test (BNT), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Results SA outperformed TOA in all cognitive assessments (P < 0.001) and surpassed YP in BNT and WAIS-IV. SA's delayed recall scores were notably higher (12.29 ± 1.51) than TOA (6.32 ± 1.44). Conclusion SA excelled in all cognitive domains demonstrating resilience to age-related cognitive decline. This study highlights Indian SuperAgers' exceptional cognitive prowess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Batra
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Deepa Anil Kumar
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Abhijith Rao
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Maroof Ahmad Khan
- Department of BiostatisticsAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sujata Satapathy
- Department of PsychiatryAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Avinash Chakrawarty
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Nidhi Soni
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Prasun Chatterjee
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rajabli F, Seixas AA, Akgun B, Adams LD, Inciute J, Hamilton KL, Whithead PG, Konidari I, Gu T, Arvizu J, Golightly CG, Starks TD, Laux R, Byrd GS, Haines JL, Beecham GW, Griswold AJ, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Pericak-Vance MA. African Ancestry Individuals with Higher Educational Attainment Are Resilient to Alzheimer's Disease Measured by pTau181. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:221-229. [PMID: 38393909 PMCID: PMC11091636 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Cognitive and functional abilities in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology (ADP) are highly variable. Factors contributing to this variability are not well understood. Previous research indicates that higher educational attainment (EA) correlates with reduced cognitive impairments among those with ADP. While cognitive and functional impairments are correlated, they are distinguishable in their manifestations. Objective To investigate whether levels of education are associated with functional impairments among those with ADP. Methods This research involved 410 African American (AA) individuals (Institutional Review Boards 20070307, 01/27/2023) to ascertain whether EA correlates with functional resilience and if this effect varies between APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers. Utilizing EA as a cognitive reserve proxy, CDR-FUNC as a functional difficulties measure, and blood pTau181 as an ADP proxy, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test assessed the relationship between EA and CDR-FUNC in individuals with advanced pTau181 levels. Results The results showed that EA correlated with functional difficulties in AA individuals with high levels of pTau181, such that individuals with high EA are more likely to have better functional ability compared to those with lower EA (W = 730.5, p = 0.0007). Additionally, we found that the effect of high EA on functional resilience was stronger in ɛ4 non-carriers compared to ɛ4 carriers (W = 555.5, p = 0.022). Conclusion This study extends the role of cognitive reserve and EA to functional performance showing that cognitive reserve influences the association between ADP burden and functional difficulties. Interestingly, this protective effect seems less pronounced in carriers of the strong genetic risk allele ɛ4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Rajabli
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Azizi A. Seixas
- Department of Informatics and Health Data Science, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bilcag Akgun
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Larry D. Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jovita Inciute
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kara L. Hamilton
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patrice G. Whithead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ioanna Konidari
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tianjie Gu
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jamie Arvizu
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles G. Golightly
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Takiyah D. Starks
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Renee Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, USA
| | - Goldie S. Byrd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, USA
| | - Gary W. Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anthony J. Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery M. Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scholz MP, Donders J. Cognitive complaints in older adults: relationships between self and informant report, objective test performance, and symptoms of depression. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:263-278. [PMID: 36345862 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2144617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relationships between objective measures of cognitive functioning, self and informant reports of cognitive problems in daily life, and depression screening in older adults who had been referred because of reported or suspected cognitive changes. We used archival data from 100, predominantly White (97%), typically educated (M = 13.25 years), older adults (M = 70.38 years) who received an outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. We characterized the cognitive performance using the CVLT-II Total score. We characterized patient and collateral reports using the BRIEF-A MI index, a normed scale of cognitive problems in daily life. We also incorporated a depression screener (PHQ-9) into our analyses. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only the informant reported problems in daily life, using the BRIEF-A MI index, was a significant predictor of objective cognitive deficits, as defined by CVLT-II Total scores. Self BRIEF-A MI index scores were not significant predictors of CVLT-II Total performance after we accounted for depression using the patient's PHQ-9 score. Additionally, elevated depression widened the discrepancy between raters, with elevated depression associated with worsening sself-report scores compared to informant-reported scores. As informant-reported problems were the strongest predictor of cognitive deficits, we recommend routine collection of collateral informant reports in the neuropsychological evaluation of older adults referred for cognitive concerns. We also recommend incorporating self-ratings of daily life functioning and screening for depression to contextualize patient complaints and address their concerns, even in the absence of objective cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Scholz
- Psychology Department, Mary Free Bed Rehabilitation Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacobus Donders
- Psychology Department, Mary Free Bed Rehabilitation Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Soh Y, Whitmer RA, Mayeda ER, Glymour MM, Eng CW, Peterson RL, George KM, Chen R, Quesenberry CP, Mungas DM, DeCarli CS, Gilsanz P. Timing and level of educational attainment and late-life cognition in the KHANDLE study. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:593-600. [PMID: 37751937 PMCID: PMC10842991 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The timing of educational attainment may modify its effects on late-life cognition, yet most studies evaluate education only at a single time point. METHODS Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) Study cohort participants (N = 554) reported educational attainment (dichotomized at any college education) at two time points, and we classified them as having low, high, or later-life high educational attainment. Linear mixed-effects models estimated associations between educational attainment change groups and domain-specific cognitive outcomes (z-standardized). RESULTS Compared to low educational attainment, high (β= 0.59 SD units; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.79) and later-life high educational attainment (β = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.44) were associated with higher executive function. Only high educational attainment was associated with higher verbal episodic memory (β = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.48). DISCUSSION Level and timing of educational attainment are both associated with domain-specific cognition. A single assessment for educational attainment may inadequately characterize protective associations with late-life cognition. HIGHLIGHTS Few studies have examined both level and timing of educational attainment on cognition. Marginalized populations are more likely to attain higher education in adulthood. Higher educational attainment in late life is also associated with higher cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yenee Soh
- Kaiser Permanente Division of ResearchOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel A. Whitmer
- Kaiser Permanente Division of ResearchOaklandCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chloe W. Eng
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel L. Peterson
- School of Public and Community Health SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Kristen M. George
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Dan M. Mungas
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles S. DeCarli
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paola Gilsanz
- Kaiser Permanente Division of ResearchOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tomás AM, Bento-Torres NVO, Jardim NYV, Moraes PM, da Costa VO, Modesto AC, Khayat AS, Bento-Torres J, Picanço-Diniz CW. Risk Polymorphisms of FNDC5, BDNF, and NTRK2 and Poor Education Interact and Aggravate Age-Related Cognitive Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17210. [PMID: 38139046 PMCID: PMC10743741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive abilities tend to decline with aging, with variation between individuals, and many studies seek to identify genetic biomarkers that more accurately anticipate risks related to pathological aging. We investigated the influence of BDNF, NTRK2, and FNDC5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the cognitive performance of young and older adults with contrasting educational backgrounds. We addressed three questions: (1) Is education associated with reduced age-related cognitive decline? (2) Does the presence of SNPs explain the variation in cognitive performance observed late in life? (3) Is education differentially associated with cognition based on the presence of BDNF, NTRK2, or FNDC5 polymorphisms? We measured the cognitive functions of young and older participants, with lower and higher education, using specific and sensitive tests of the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Assessment Battery. A three-way ANOVA revealed that SNPs were associated with differential performances in executive functions, episodic memory, sustained attention, mental and motor response speed, and visual recognition memory and that higher educational levels improved the affected cognitive functions. The results revealed that distinct SNPs affect cognition late in life differentially, suggesting their utility as potential biomarkers and emphasizing the importance of cognitive stimulation that advanced education early in life provides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mendonça Tomás
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.M.T.); (N.Y.V.J.); (P.M.M.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.B.-T.); (C.W.P.-D.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará Application School, Belém 66095-780, Brazil
| | - Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.M.T.); (N.Y.V.J.); (P.M.M.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.B.-T.); (C.W.P.-D.)
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66095-780, Brazil
| | - Naina Yuki Vieira Jardim
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.M.T.); (N.Y.V.J.); (P.M.M.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.B.-T.); (C.W.P.-D.)
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Martins Moraes
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.M.T.); (N.Y.V.J.); (P.M.M.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.B.-T.); (C.W.P.-D.)
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66095-780, Brazil
| | - Victor Oliveira da Costa
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.M.T.); (N.Y.V.J.); (P.M.M.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.B.-T.); (C.W.P.-D.)
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil
| | - Antônio Conde Modesto
- Oncology Research Center (NPO), Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.C.M.); (A.S.K.)
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Oncology Research Center (NPO), Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.C.M.); (A.S.K.)
| | - João Bento-Torres
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.M.T.); (N.Y.V.J.); (P.M.M.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.B.-T.); (C.W.P.-D.)
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66095-780, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.M.T.); (N.Y.V.J.); (P.M.M.); (V.O.d.C.); (J.B.-T.); (C.W.P.-D.)
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-160, Brazil
- Oncology Research Center (NPO), Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-000, Brazil; (A.C.M.); (A.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oz M, Ozel Asliyuce Y, Demirel A, Cetin H, Ulger O. Determination of cognitive status and influencing variables in patients with chronic neck pain: A cross-sectional study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:764-771. [PMID: 34597197 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1980795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate cognitive function in individuals with chronic neck pain (CNP) and investigate the effects of different variables on cognition. METHODS The sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals who participated in this study were recorded. Pain intensity of the individuals was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale, pain-related disability was evaluated with the Neck Disability Index and cognitive function was evaluated using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS For this study, 95 patients with CNP were recruited. The mean age was 45.61 ± 11.14, and the median MoCA score was 24 (20-26), and 64.2% of the patients scored below the original cutoff (<26/30 points). The regression analysis showed that higher age and lower education levels were associated with lower MoCA scores. Education appeared to be the most influential variable. Younger participants (18-45) performed systematically better on naming, attention and language domains than their older counterparts (over 45). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that age and education play an important role in MoCA total and domain scores in these patients. While treating these patients, assessment of cognitive function can be useful for effective pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzeyyen Oz
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozel Asliyuce
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aynur Demirel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Cetin
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ulger
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Owens J, Jones R, Marsiske M. The Effects of Occupational Complexity on Late Life Cognition in ACTIVE: Examining the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Race. J Aging Health 2023; 35:95S-106S. [PMID: 37994851 PMCID: PMC11160436 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211038837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This article sought to determine (1) whether occupational complexity (OC) explains individual differences in cognition at baseline, (2) whether this relationship is differentially related to cognition by Black/White race, and (3) whether OC mediates some or all of the Black/White race-related variance in late life cognition. Methods: 2371 participants from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study reported longest held jobs and received OC ratings based on a factor analysis of 63 variables from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Results: We found that multiple dimensions of OC are related to cognition, but there were relatively few Black/White differences in these associations. Across all cognitive dimensions except for useful field of view, a history of having jobs lower in substantive complexity and fine motor skills and higher in physical demands may explain some of the Black/White race differences in elder's cognition. Discussion: We conclude that occupations can be a target to reduce social disparities in late life cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owens
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
| | | | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Staudt J, Kok T, de Haan HA, Walvoort SJW, Egger JIM. Neurocognitive Recovery in Abstinent Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Scoping Review for Associated Factors. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2039-2054. [PMID: 37790802 PMCID: PMC10544223 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s424017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the extent to which neurocognitive recovery occurs in abstinent patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In addition to abstinence, other factors may have influenced this process and contributed to the inconsistencies. This review examines the factors investigated in this regard and describes the possible influence of each factor based on the evidence collected. Methodology PubMed was systematically searched for articles published between January 2000 and July 2023. Longitudinal humane studies investigating neurocognitive recovery in abstinent adult AUD patients were included. Studies with a cross-sectional design were excluded, as were studies that did not classify AUD according to the DSM-IV or 5 criteria, only examined binge use, did not report neuropsychological outcomes or duration of abstinence, or where neurological disorders were present. Results Sixteen categories of factors were distinguished from 31 full-text articles. Consistent patterns were found, indicating an association between neurocognitive recovery and the "smoking" and 'brain volume" factors. Consistent patterns were also found indicating that there is no relationship with "quantities of alcohol used" and "education level." A similar consistent pattern was also found for "polysubstance use", "gender" and "verbal reading", but the number of studies is considered limited. The association with "age" is studied frequently but with inconsistent findings. The remaining eight factors were regarded as understudied. Conclusion The clearest patterns emerging from the evidence are a predominantly negative influence of smoking on neurocognitive recovery, associations between changes in brain area volume and neurocognitive recovery, and no association between neurocognitive recovery and the amount of alcohol consumed, as measured by self-report, nor with educational attainment. Future research on the understudied factors and factors with inconsistent evidence is needed, preferably through longitudinal designs with multiple assessment periods starting after at least two weeks of abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Staudt
- Tactus Addiction Treatment, Deventer, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Kok
- Tactus Addiction Treatment, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Hein A de Haan
- Tactus Addiction Treatment, Deventer, the Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist Practitioners in Addiction, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jos I M Egger
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Smit AP, Beran M, Twait EL, Geerlings MI, Vonk JMJ. Bear in mind: the role of personal background in semantic animal fluency - The SMART-MR study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1227053. [PMID: 37809288 PMCID: PMC10556661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Semantic fluency is a prominent neuropsychological task, typically administered within the category 'animals'. With the increasing development of novel item-level metrics of semantic fluency, a concern around the validity of item-level analyses could be that personal background factors (e.g., hobbies like birdwatching or fishing) may disproportionally influence performance. We analyzed animal fluency performance at the item level and investigated the prevalence of individuals with abundant knowledge in specific classes of animals (e.g., birds, fish, insects) and the relationship of such knowledge with personal background factors and other cognitive tasks (episodic memory and executive functioning). Method Participants included 736 Dutch middle-aged to older adults from the SMART-MR cohort (mean age 58 ± 9.4 years, 18% women). Individuals were asked to name as many animals as possible for 2 min. Number of people with abundant animal class knowledge was calculated for the ability to recall a series of minimum ≥5 and up to ≥15 animals within a specific class with at most one interruption by an animal from another class. Subsequent analyses to investigate relationships of abundant class knowledge with sociodemographic characteristics (t-tests and chi-square tests) and cognitive performance (linear regressions) were performed for a cut-off of ≥10 animals within a specific class (90th percentile), with a sensitivity analysis for ≥7 animals (67th percentile). Results A total of 416 (56.2%) participants recalled a series of ≥5 animals from a specific class, 245 (33.3%) participants recalled ≥7, 78 (10.6%) participants recalled ≥10, and 8 (1.1%) participants recalled ≥15. Those who recalled a series of at least 10 animals within a class were older, more often men, and more often retired than those who did not. Moreover, they had a higher total score on animal fluency, letter fluency (i.e., executive functioning), and episodic memory tasks compared to those who did not. Discussion Our results suggest that the benefit of abundant animal class knowledge gained by personal background does not disproportionally influence animal fluency performance as individuals with such knowledge also performed better on other cognitive tasks unrelated to abundant knowledge of animal classes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelot P Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Beran
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emma L Twait
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Research Institute Amsterdam Public Health, Research Programme Aging and Later Life, and Research Programme Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Research Institute Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Programme Neurodegeneration, and Research Programme Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Research Institute Amsterdam Public Health, Research Programme Aging and Later Life, and Research Programme Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Research Institute Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Programme Neurodegeneration, and Research Programme Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jet M J Vonk
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Towfighi A, Berger RP, Corley AMS, Glymour MM, Manly JJ, Skolarus LE. Recommendations on Social Determinants of Health in Neurologic Disease. Neurology 2023; 101:S17-S26. [PMID: 37580147 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly recognized as important drivers of inequities in neurologic disease and outcomes. However, our understanding of the biopsychosocial mechanisms by which SDOH affect neurologic disease remains in its infancy. The most robust epidemiologic research has been on the associations between education, schooling, and place-based social determinants on cognition, dementia, and cerebrovascular disease later in life. Further research is needed to more deeply understand the complex interplay of SDOH on neurologic disease. Few SDOH screening tools have been validated in populations with neurologic disease. In addition, comparison across studies and populations is hampered by lack of standardized common data elements. Experiences of populations historically underrepresented in research should be centered in future research studies, and changes should be made in recruitment expectations and measurement choices. For research on inequities, it is critical to support and incentivize institutional infrastructure to foster meaningful engagement with populations affected by research. Finally, it remains to be seen whether individual-level health or behavioral interventions or place-level, systemic or policy interventions to reduce population burden will be most effective in reducing inequities in neurologic disease and outcomes. Although numerous clinical trials have focused on addressing downstream SDOH such as health literacy and health behaviors (e.g., medication adherence, physical activity, diet), few have addressed upstream, structural determinants which may have a more profound impact on addressing inequities in neurologic disease. Ultimately, further research is needed to determine which specific SDOH should be targeted and how, when, and by whom they should be addressed to improve neurologic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amytis Towfighi
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population and Public Health Sciences (A.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pediatrics (R.P.B.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburg Medical Center (UPMC), PA; Division of General and Community Pediatrics (A.M.S.C.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; The Center for Health and Community (M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; and Department of Neurology (L.S.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Rachel P Berger
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population and Public Health Sciences (A.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pediatrics (R.P.B.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburg Medical Center (UPMC), PA; Division of General and Community Pediatrics (A.M.S.C.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; The Center for Health and Community (M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; and Department of Neurology (L.S.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Alexandra M S Corley
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population and Public Health Sciences (A.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pediatrics (R.P.B.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburg Medical Center (UPMC), PA; Division of General and Community Pediatrics (A.M.S.C.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; The Center for Health and Community (M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; and Department of Neurology (L.S.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - M Maria Glymour
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population and Public Health Sciences (A.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pediatrics (R.P.B.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburg Medical Center (UPMC), PA; Division of General and Community Pediatrics (A.M.S.C.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; The Center for Health and Community (M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; and Department of Neurology (L.S.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population and Public Health Sciences (A.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pediatrics (R.P.B.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburg Medical Center (UPMC), PA; Division of General and Community Pediatrics (A.M.S.C.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; The Center for Health and Community (M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; and Department of Neurology (L.S.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lesli E Skolarus
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population and Public Health Sciences (A.T.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Pediatrics (R.P.B.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburg Medical Center (UPMC), PA; Division of General and Community Pediatrics (A.M.S.C.), Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; The Center for Health and Community (M.M.G.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York; and Department of Neurology (L.S.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rajabli F, Seixas AA, Akgun B, Adams LD, Inciute J, Starks T, Laux R, Byrd GS, Haines JL, Beecham GW, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Pericak-Vance MA. African ancestry APOE e4 non-carriers with higher educational attainment are resilient to Alzheimer disease pathology-specific blood biomarker pTau181. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.06.23292263. [PMID: 37461667 PMCID: PMC10350130 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.23292263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive and functional abilities in individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology (ADP) show greater than expected variability. While most individuals show substantial impairments in these abilities, a considerable number show little or no impairments. Factors contributing to this variability are not well understood. For instance, multiple studies have shown that higher levels of education are associated with reduced cognitive impairments among those with ADP. However, it remains unclear whether higher levels of education are associated with functional impairments among those with ADP. We studied 410 AA individuals with advanced levels of pTau181 (a biomarker for ADP; individuals as those having log 10 (pTau181) level greater than one standard deviation above the mean) to determine whether EA (categorized as low EA for individuals with ≤ 8 years of education and high EA for those with >8 years) promotes functional resilience and whether this effect varies between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. We used the four non-memory components of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) to create a composite score (CDR-FUNC) to evaluate functional difficulties (scored from 0=no impairment to 12=severe). We employed the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test to assess the relationship between EA and CDR-FUNC in advanced levels of pTau181 individuals. The results showed that EA promotes resilience to functional problems in AA individuals with advanced levels of pTau181, such that individuals with high EA are more likely to have better functional ability compared to those with lower EA (W=730.5, p=0.0007). Additionally, we found that the effect of high EA on functional resilience was stronger in ε4 non-carriers compared to ε4 carriers (W=555.5, p=0.022). This study extends the role of cognitive reserve and EA to functional performance showing that cognitive reserve influences the association between ADP burden and functional difficulties. Interestingly, this protective effect seems less pronounced in carriers of the strong genetic risk allele ε4. The results highlight the intricate interplay of genetic and non-genetic factors in AD progression, suggesting a need for more personalized strategies to manage functional decline in AD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Gonçalves NG, Avila JC, Bertola L, Obregón AM, Ferri CP, Wong R, Suemoto CK. Education and cognitive function among older adults in Brazil and Mexico. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12470. [PMID: 37771429 PMCID: PMC10523452 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Education is protective against cognitive impairment. We used nationally representative data from Mexico and Brazil to assess the association between education and cognitive function. The sample included adults ≥ 50 years from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Participants were classified as cognitively impaired or not impaired. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between education and cognitive function. Education level was higher in MHAS than in ELSI. Participants with at least 1 year of education were less likely to have cognitive impairment than those with no formal education in both cohorts. Men in ELSI had higher odds for cognitive impairment compared to men in MHAS. In both cohorts, higher educational level was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment compared to no formal education. Sex was an effect modifier in MHAS but not in ELSI. HIGHLIGHTS Cognitive test batteries were harmonized using a regression-based approach.Even very low levels of education were associated with reduced odds of cognitive impairment compared to no formal education.Brazilians were more likely to have cognitive impairment than Mexicans given the same education level.The differences in the association of education with cognition between Brazil and Mexico were only observed among men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laiss Bertola
- Department of PsychiatryFederal University of São Paulo, São PaoloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Rebeca Wong
- Sealy Center on AgingUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of GeriatricsUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lövdén M, Pagin A, Bartrés-Faz D, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demnitz N, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Fjell AM, Ghisletta P, Gorbach T, Lindenberger U, Plachti A, Walhovd KB, Nyberg L. No moderating influence of education on the association between changes in hippocampus volume and memory performance in aging. AGING BRAIN 2023; 4:100082. [PMID: 37457634 PMCID: PMC10338350 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary accounts of factors that may modify the risk for age-related neurocognitive disorders highlight education and its contribution to a cognitive reserve. By this view, individuals with higher educational attainment should show weaker associations between changes in brain and cognition than individuals with lower educational attainment. We tested this prediction in longitudinal data on hippocampus volume and episodic memory from 708 middle-aged and older individuals using local structural equation modeling. This technique does not require categorization of years of education and does not constrain the shape of relationships, thereby maximizing the chances of revealing an effect of education on the hippocampus-memory association. The results showed that the data were plausible under the assumption that there was no influence of education on the association between change in episodic memory and change in hippocampus volume. Restricting the sample to individuals with elevated genetic risk for dementia (APOE ε4 carriers) did not change these results. We conclude that the influence of education on changes in episodic memory and hippocampus volume is inconsistent with predictions by the cognitive reserve theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lövdén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amos Pagin
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M. Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naiara Demnitz
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo & Vitas AS, Oslo Science Park, Norway
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Anders M. Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, POB 1094, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- ComputationalRadiology and Artificial Intelligence, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Tetiana Gorbach
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Plachti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, POB 1094, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- ComputationalRadiology and Artificial Intelligence, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Valsdóttir V, Magnúsdóttir BB, Gylfason HF, Chang M, Aspelund T, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Jónsdóttir MK. Exposure factors associated with dementia among older adults in Iceland: the AGES-Reykjavik study. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00804-7. [PMID: 37160657 PMCID: PMC10400491 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess whether factors related to cognitive performance were associated with the development of dementia. Additionally, the study aimed to establish whether cognitive performance at baseline or change in cognition between baseline and follow-up (five-year period) had a stronger association with whether an individual would fulfill a dementia criterion at follow-up. The data was collected from 2002 to 2011. Logistic regression was applied to the AGES-Reykjavik Study epidemiological data. The analysis, which builds upon previous data analyses of the same dataset, included 1,491 participants between the ages of 66 and 90. All those included were considered to have normal cognition at baseline; 8.2% (n = 123) of them fulfilled a dementia criterion at follow-up five years later. The study's results indicated that being high on cognitive reserve factors reduced the risk of developing dementia. Compared to other known dementia risk factors, cognitive reserve factors (education level, participation in leisure activities, and self-reported health) were more likely than others to have an association with dementia. Additionally, the study's findings showed that cognitive performance at baseline, rather than change in cognition between baseline and follow-up five years later, had a stronger association with dementia at the follow-up assessment. Together, these findings support the notion that promoting high cognitive reserve throughout the lifespan and reaching high cognitive performance is important in reducing dementia risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaka Valsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- RHLÖ - Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Brynja Björk Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Milan Chang
- RHLÖ - Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - María K Jónsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jin Y, Lin L, Xiong M, Sun S, Wu SC. Moderating effects of cognitive reserve on the relationship between brain structure and cognitive abilities in middle-aged and older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 128:49-64. [PMID: 37163923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis is reinforced by negative moderating effects, suggesting that those with higher CR are less reliant on brain structure for cognitive function. Previous research on CR's moderating effects yielded inconsistent results, motivating our 3 studies using UK Biobank data. Study I examined five CR proxies' moderating effects on global, lobar, and regional brain-cognition models; study II extended study I by using a larger sample size; and study III investigated age-related moderating effects on the hippocampal regions. In study I, most moderating effects were negative and none survived the multiple comparison correction, but study II identified 13 global-level models with significant negative moderating effects that survived correction. Study III showed age influenced CR proxies' moderating effects in hippocampal regions. Our findings suggest that the effects of CR proxies on brain integrity and cognition varied depending on the proxy used, brain integrity indicators, cognitive domain, and age group. This study offers significant insights regarding the importance of CR for brain integrity and cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Xiong
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Sun
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shui-Cai Wu
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eraslan Boz H, Kırkım G, Koçoğlu K, Çakır Çetin A, Akkoyun M, Güneri EA, Akdal G. Cognitive function in Meniere's disease. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1076-1086. [PMID: 36369758 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2144637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Meniere's disease is an otological disease characterized by various symptoms that include episodic peripheral vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness, all of which deteriorate the maintenance of daily activities. We aimed to investigate cognitive function in Meniere's disease patients and compare their results to those of healthy controls. Eighteen patients diagnosed with definite Meniere's disease without any psychiatric, neurological or otological comorbidity, and 30 healthy controls with normal cognitive functions were included in the study. General cognitive status, attention, verbal memory, visual memory, executive and visuospatial function were measured by detailed neuropsychological tests in both groups. In the patients with Meniere's disease, pure-tone hearing thresholds, and speech discrimination scores were also measured. Patients with Meniere's disease showed lower levels of performance in the trail making test, Oktem verbal memory processes, Rey Complex Figure Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, semantic and phonemic fluency than did healthy controls. In other words, there were deficits in attention, recognition and recall in verbal memory, recall in visual memory, visual spatial construction, and planning skills in patients with Meniere's disease. Education years and depression scores of participants had a significant effect on cognitive function in all groups. This study is an update and confirmation of the findings of studies showing cognitive impairment in patients with Meniere's disease. In addition to previous findings, this study found a decrease in executive function performance in patients with Meniere's disease compared to healthy controls. Unlike previous studies, this study comprehensively addressed all cognitive functions and included a control group. Our results emphasize that executive functions, which are high-level cognitive processes, may affect the compliance of patients with Meniere's disease treatment and follow-up processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Eraslan Boz
- Department of Neurology, Unit of Neuropsychology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye.,Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Günay Kırkım
- Department of Otolaryngology, Unit of Hearing Speech and Balance, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Koray Koçoğlu
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Aslı Çakır Çetin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Müge Akkoyun
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Enis Alpin Güneri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye.,Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sala G, Nishita Y, Tange C, Tomida M, Gondo Y, Shimokata H, Otsuka R. No Appreciable Effect of Education on Aging-Associated Declines in Cognition: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:527-536. [PMID: 36962950 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231156793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Education has been claimed to reduce aging-associated declines in cognitive function. Given its societal relevance, considerable resources have been devoted to this research. However, because of the difficulty of detecting modest rates of change, findings have been mixed. These discrepancies may stem from methodological shortcomings such as short time spans, few waves, and small samples. The present study overcame these limitations (N = 1,892, nine waves over a period of 20 years). We tested the effect of education level on baseline performance (intercept) and the rate of change (slope) in crystallized and fluid cognitive abilities (gc and gf, respectively) in a sample of Japanese adults. Albeit positively related to both intercepts, education had no impact on either the gc or the gf slope. Furthermore, neither intercept exhibited any appreciable correlation with either slope. These results thus suggest that education has no substantial role (direct or mediated) in aging-related changes in cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sala
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Japan
| | - Makiko Tomida
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cadar D, Brocklebank L, Yan L, Zhao Y, Steptoe A. Socioeconomic and Contextual Differentials in Memory Decline: A Cross-Country Investigation Between England and China. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:544-555. [PMID: 36625075 PMCID: PMC9985334 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although cognitive functioning is strongly associated with biological changes in the brain during the aging process, very little is known about the role of sociocultural differentials between the western and eastern parts of the world. We examined the associations between individual socioeconomic markers (e.g., education, household wealth) and contextual levels characteristics (e.g., urbanicity) with memory performance and memory decline over up to 8 years of follow-up in England and China. METHODS The analytical samples included participants aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 6,687) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (n = 10,252). Mixed linear models were employed to examine the association between baseline individual socioeconomic markers (education, wealth) and contextual-level characteristics (urbanicity) on the change in memory over time. RESULTS Our analyses showed that higher education and wealth were associated with better baseline memory in both England and China. Still, the impact of contextual-level characteristics such as urbanicity differed between the 2 countries. For English individuals, living in a rural area showed an advantage in memory, while the opposite pattern was observed in China. Memory decline appeared to be socioeconomically patterned by higher education, wealth, and urbanicity in China but not in England. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight substantial socioeconomic and contextual inequity in memory performance in both England and China, as well as in the rate of memory decline primarily in China. Public health strategies for preventing memory decline should target the socioeconomic gaps at the individual and contextual levels to protect those particularly disadvantaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Cadar
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex, UK
- Department of Primary Care, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex, UK
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Brocklebank
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Li Yan
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohui Zhao
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Corley J, Conte F, Harris SE, Taylor AM, Redmond P, Russ TC, Deary IJ, Cox SR. Predictors of longitudinal cognitive ageing from age 70 to 82 including APOE e4 status, early-life and lifestyle factors: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1256-1271. [PMID: 36481934 PMCID: PMC10005946 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discovering why some people's cognitive abilities decline more than others is a key challenge for cognitive ageing research. The most effective strategy may be to address multiple risk factors from across the life-course simultaneously in relation to robust longitudinal cognitive data. We conducted a 12-year follow-up of 1091 (at age 70) men and women from the longitudinal Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. Comprehensive repeated cognitive measures of visuospatial ability, processing speed, memory, verbal ability, and a general cognitive factor were collected over five assessments (age 70, 73, 76, 79, and 82 years) and analysed using multivariate latent growth curve modelling. Fifteen life-course variables were used to predict variation in cognitive ability levels at age 70 and cognitive slopes from age 70 to 82. Only APOE e4 carrier status was found to be reliably informative of general- and domain-specific cognitive decline, despite there being many life-course correlates of cognitive level at age 70. APOE e4 carriers had significantly steeper slopes across all three fluid cognitive domains compared with non-carriers, especially for memory (β = -0.234, p < 0.001) and general cognitive function (β = -0.246, p < 0.001), denoting a widening gap in cognitive functioning with increasing age. Our findings suggest that when many other candidate predictors of cognitive ageing slope are entered en masse, their unique contributions account for relatively small proportions of variance, beyond variation in APOE e4 status. We conclude that APOE e4 status is important for identifying those at greater risk for accelerated cognitive ageing, even among ostensibly healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Federica Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Early- to late-life environmental factors and late-life global cognition in septuagenarian and octogenarians: The SONIC study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 233:103844. [PMID: 36708625 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate cognitively stimulating environments throughout life and to examine direct and indirect associations between these environments and late-life cognition. Early-life education, three domains of work complexity (data, people, and things) based on the longest-held occupation, and engagement in late-life leisure activities (LAs) were assessed. A structural equation model was developed using cross-sectional data of 1721 Japanese older adults in 70 ± 1 and 80 ± 1 years. The model confirmed significant direct effects of work complexity with data and late-life LAs on late-life cognitive performance. The associations of education and work complexity with late-life cognition were mediated through the subsequent environment(s). However, the total effects of work complexity with people and things on late-life cognition were insignificant. The findings suggest that cognitively stimulating activities in adulthood and beyond may lead to individual differences in late-life global cognition. In addition, antecedent complex environments might make subsequent life environments more cognitively stimulating. The results are discussed from the perspectives of cognitive plasticity and environmental complexity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bernard C, Font H, Diallo Z, Ahonon R, Tine JM, Abouo FN, Tanon A, Messou E, Seydi M, Dabis F, Dartigues JF, de Rekeneire N. Factors associated with verbal fluency in older adults living with HIV in West Africa: A longitudinal study. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:35-42. [PMID: 36398852 PMCID: PMC9812871 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verbal fluency decline, observed both in aging and HIV infection, has been related to lower quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with categorical fluency in people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged ≥60 years living in West Africa. METHODS In this longitudinal study, PLHIV aged ≥60 years, on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥6 months were included in three clinics (two in Côte d'Ivoire, one in Senegal) participating in the West Africa International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration. Categorical fluency was evaluated with the Isaacs Set Test at 60 s at baseline and 2 years later. Factors associated with verbal fluency baseline performance and annual rates of changes were evaluated using multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS Ninety-seven PLHIV were included with 41 of them (42%) having a 2-year follow-up visit. The median age was 64 (62-67), 45.4% were female, and 89.7% had an undetectable viral load. The median annual change in categorical fluency scores was -0.9 (IQR: -2.7 to 1.8). Low baseline categorical fluency performance and its decline were associated with older age and being a female. Low educational level was associated with low baseline categorical fluency performance but not with its decline. Categorical fluency decline was also associated with marital status and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Among older West African PLHIV, usual socio-demographic variables and hypertension were the main factors associated with low categorical fluency performance and/or its decline. Interventions that focus on supporting cardiometabolic health are highly recommended to prevent cognitive disorders in PLHIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bernard
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Font
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zélica Diallo
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Richard Ahonon
- Centre de prise en charge de recherche et de formation (CePReF), Yopougon Attié Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | | | - Aristophane Tanon
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Eugène Messou
- Centre de prise en charge de recherche et de formation (CePReF), Yopougon Attié Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Moussa Seydi
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHNU de Fann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - François Dabis
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Valsdóttir V, Magnúsdóttir BB, Chang M, Sigurdsson S, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Jónsdóttir MK. Cognition and brain health among older adults in Iceland: the AGES-Reykjavik study. GeroScience 2022; 44:2785-2800. [PMID: 35978066 PMCID: PMC9768066 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper aimed to compare how factors previously identified as predictive factors for cognitive decline and dementia related to cognitive performance on the one hand and brain health on the other. To that aim, multiple linear regression was applied to the AGES-Reykjavik study epidemiological data. Additionally, a regression analysis was performed for change in cognition over 5 years, using the same exposure factors. The study ran from 2002 to 2011, and the sample analyzed included 1707 participants between the ages of 66 and 90. The data contains MR imaging, cognitive testing, background data, and physiological measurements. Overall, we conclude that risk factors linked to dementia relate differently to cognition and brain health. Mobility, physical strength, alcohol consumption, coronary artery disease, and hypertension were associated with cognition and brain volume. Smoking, depression, diabetes, and body fat percentage were only associated with brain volume, not cognitive performance. Modifiable factors previously linked to cognitive reserve, such as educational attainment, participation in leisure activities, multilingualism and good self-reported health, were associated with cognitive function but did not relate to brain volume. These findings show that, within the same participant pool, cognitive reserve proxy variables have a relationship with cognitive performance but have no association with relative brain volume measured simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaka Valsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- RHLÖ – Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brynja Björk Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Milan Chang
- RHLÖ – Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - María K. Jónsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Torres JM, Glymour MM. Future Directions for the HRS Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. Forum Health Econ Policy 2022; 25:7-27. [PMID: 35254747 DOI: 10.1515/fhep-2021-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of effective pharmacological treatment to halt or reverse the course of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs), population-level research on the modifiable determinants of dementia risk and outcomes for those living with ADRD is critical. The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP), fielded in 2016 as part of the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and multiple international counterparts, has the potential to play an important role in such efforts. The stated goals of the HCAP are to improve our ability to understand the determinants, prevalence, costs, and consequences of cognitive impairment and dementia in the U.S. and to support cross-national comparisons. The first wave of the HCAP demonstrated the feasibility and value of the more detailed cognitive assessments in the HCAP compared to the brief cognitive assessments in the core HRS interviews. To achieve its full potential, we provide eight recommendations for improving future iterations of the HCAP. Our highest priority recommendation is to increase the representation of historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups disproportionately affected by ADRDs. Additional recommendations relate to the timing of the HCAP assessments; clinical and biomarker validation data, including to improve cross-national comparisons; dropping lower performing items; enhanced documentation; and the addition of measures related to caregiver impact. We believe that the capacity of the HCAP to achieve its stated goals will be greatly enhanced by considering these changes and additions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang Y, Chen Y, Yang C, Chen K, Li X, Zhang Z. Contributions of early-life cognitive reserve and late-life leisure activity to successful and pathological cognitive aging. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:831. [PMID: 36319960 PMCID: PMC9628084 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of factors that specifically influence pathological and successful cognitive aging is a prerequisite for implementing disease prevention and promoting successful aging. However, multi-domain behavioral factors that characterize the difference between successful and pathological cognitive aging are not clear yet. METHODS A group of community-dwelling older adults (N = 1347, aged 70-88 years) in Beijing was recruited in this cross-sectional study, and a sub-cohort was further divided into successful cognitive aging (SCA, N = 154), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 256), and cognitively normal control (CNC, N = 173) groups. Analyses of variance, regression models with the Shapley value algorithm, and structural equation model (SEM) analyses were conducted to determine specific influencing factors and to evaluate their relative importance and interacting relationships in altering cognitive performance. RESULTS We found that abundant early-life cognitive reserve (ECR, including the level of education and occupational attainment) and reduced late-life leisure activity (LLA, including mental, physical, and social activities) were distinct characteristics of SCA and MCI, respectively. The level of education, age, mental activity, and occupational attainment were the top four important factors that explained 31.6% of cognitive variability. By SEM analyses, we firstly found that LLA partially mediated the relationship between ECR and cognition; and further multi-group SEM analyses showed ECR played a more direct role in the SCA group than in the MCI group: in the SCA group, only the direct effect of ECR on cognition was significant, and in the MCI group, direct effects between ECR, LLA and cognition were all significant. CONCLUSIONS Results of this large-sample community-based study suggest it is important for older adults to have an abundant ECR for SCA, and to keep a high level of LLA to prevent cognitive impairment. This study clarifies the important rankings of behavioral characteristics of cognitive aging, and the relationship that ECR has a long-lasting effect on LLA and finally on cognition, providing efficient guidance for older adults to improve their cognitive function and new evidence to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Yang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Caishui Yang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Kewei Chen
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.418204.b0000 0004 0406 4925Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA
| | - Xin Li
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Residential trajectories across the life course and their association with cognitive functioning in later life. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17004. [PMID: 36220827 PMCID: PMC9553870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has found that later life urban-rural differences in cognitive health can be largely explained by indicators of cognitive reserve such as education or occupation. However, previous research concentrated on residence in limited, specific, periods. This study offers a detailed investigation on the association between urban (vs. rural) residence from birth, and cognitive functioning in older age. Using data from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe we created residential trajectories from birth to survey enrolment with a combination of sequence and cluster analysis. Using mixed-effects models, we investigated the association between residential trajectories in early, mid, and later life and three cognitive functioning outcomes: immediate recall, delayed recall, and verbal fluency. In a sample of 38,165 participants, we found that, even after accounting for differences related to education and occupation, rural (vs. urban) residence in early life remained associated with poorer cognitive performance later in life. This suggests that growing up in rural regions leads to a long-term disadvantage in cognitive functioning. Thus, public health policies should consider that urban-rural inequalities in early life may have long-lasting associations with inequalities in cognitive health in old and very old age.
Collapse
|
38
|
Muscle strength performed better than muscle mass in identifying cognitive impairment risk in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2533-2540. [PMID: 35389149 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between muscle mass and cognitive impairment (CI) is conflicting. We aimed to evaluate and compare the associations of muscle strength, muscle mass and CI risk in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Muscle strength was assessed by hand grip strength (HGS), muscle mass was assessed by lean tissue mass (LTM). Education status was divided into two groups: lower education status (senior middle school and below) and higher education status (high school and above). Multivariable logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were performed. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to compare their predictive power in discriminating CI. RESULTS 2827 adult MHD patients were included in our final analysis. Patients in the lowest quartile of HGS was 2.82-fold as likely to have CI as compared to those in the highest quartile, while participants in the lowest quartile of LTM group were 1.52-fold as likely to have CI, when compared with the highest quartile group of LTM after adjusting for age, gender and education level. The association persisted in all subgroups except for women and well-educated participants. There was a significant interaction between HGS and education status on CI and age played an interactive role in the association between LTM and incident CI (P for interaction < 0.05). The AUC value of the HGS was significantly higher than that of LTM (0.69 VS 0.63, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Muscle strength performed better than muscle mass in identifying individuals at high risk of CI, particularly in male and less educated Chinese MHD patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional study.
Collapse
|
39
|
Walhovd KB, Nyberg L, Lindenberger U, Amlien IK, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Mowinckel AM, Kievit RA, Ebmeier KP, Bartrés-Faz D, Kühn S, Boraxbekk CJ, Ghisletta P, Madsen KS, Baaré WFC, Zsoldos E, Magnussen F, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Penninx B, Fjell AM. Brain aging differs with cognitive ability regardless of education. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13886. [PMID: 35974034 PMCID: PMC9381768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher general cognitive ability (GCA) is associated with lower risk of neurodegenerative disorders, but neural mechanisms are unknown. GCA could be associated with more cortical tissue, from young age, i.e. brain reserve, or less cortical atrophy in adulthood, i.e. brain maintenance. Controlling for education, we investigated the relative association of GCA with reserve and maintenance of cortical volume, -area and -thickness through the adult lifespan, using multiple longitudinal cognitively healthy brain imaging cohorts (n = 3327, 7002 MRI scans, baseline age 20-88 years, followed-up for up to 11 years). There were widespread positive relationships between GCA and cortical characteristics (level-level associations). In select regions, higher baseline GCA was associated with less atrophy over time (level-change associations). Relationships remained when controlling for polygenic scores for both GCA and education. Our findings suggest that higher GCA is associated with cortical volumes by both brain reserve and -maintenance mechanisms through the adult lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athanasia M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, The Netherlands, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Willliam F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Welcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Magnussen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Blindern, POB1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schrempft S, Trofimova O, Künzi M, Draganski B, Kliegel M, Stringhini S. Life-course socioeconomic conditions and cognitive performance in older adults: a cross-cohort comparison. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:745-754. [PMID: 35848170 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Socioeconomic disadvantage predicts the level of cognitive performance in old age, but findings have been mixed for trajectories of performance. This study examined associations between life-course socioeconomic conditions, including social mobility, and cognitive performance assessed in terms of level and change, across multiple cognitive domains in two independent cohorts of older adults. METHODS Data were from two Swiss population-based cohorts: CoLaus|PsyCoLaus (N = 1210, mean age 72 years) and Vivre/Leben/Vivere (N = 993, mean age 75 years). Verbal fluency, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, memory, and global cognitive performance were assessed at two time points, each spaced 6 years apart. Associations between socioeconomic conditions (father's occupation, parental education, own education, own occupation, household income, and social mobility) and cognitive performance were examined within each cohort, and using pooled data. Covariates included health behaviors, comorbidities, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Across cohorts, socioeconomic disadvantage predicted a lower level of performance across different cognitive domains, including processing speed, verbal fluency, and memory. Moreover, individuals who experienced life-course socioeconomic disadvantage performed worse than those who experienced upward social mobility. Associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and cognitive decline were less consistent. CONCLUSION Life-course socioeconomic conditions predict performance level across different cognitive domains, and, to a lesser extent, performance trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schrempft
- Division of Primary Care, Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga Trofimova
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Künzi
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives," University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives," University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Division of Primary Care, Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rosenich E, Bransby L, Yassi N, Fripp J, Laws SM, Martins RN, Fowler C, Rainey-Smith SR, Rowe CC, Masters CL, Maruff P, Lim YY. Differential Effects of APOE and Modifiable Risk Factors on Hippocampal Volume Loss and Memory Decline in Aβ- and Aβ+ Older Adults. Neurology 2022; 98:e1704-e1715. [PMID: 35169009 PMCID: PMC9071368 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This prospective study sought to determine the association of modifiable/nonmodifiable components included in the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) risk score with hippocampal volume (HV) loss and episodic memory (EM) decline in cognitively normal (CN) older adults classified as brain β-amyloid (Aβ) negative (Aβ-) or positive (Aβ+). METHODS Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study participants (age 58-91 years) who completed ≥2 neuropsychological assessments and a brain Aβ PET scan (n = 592) were included in this study. We computed the CAIDE risk score (age, sex, APOE ε4 status, education, hypertension, body mass index [BMI], hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity) and a modifiable CAIDE risk score (CAIDE-MR; education, hypertension, BMI, hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity) for each participant. Aβ+ was classified using Centiloid >25. Linear mixed models assessed interactions between each CAIDE score, Aβ group, and time on HV loss and EM decline. Age, sex, and APOE ε4 were included as separate predictors in CAIDE-MR models to assess differential associations. Exploratory analyses examined relationships between individual modifiable risk factors and outcomes in Aβ- cognitively normal (CN) adults. RESULTS We observed a significant Aβ group × CAIDE × time interaction on HV loss (β [SE] = -0.04 [0.01]; p < 0.000) but not EM decline (β [SE] = -2.33 [9.96]; p = 0.98). Decomposition revealed a significant CAIDE × time interaction in Aβ+ participants only. When modifiable/nonmodifiable CAIDE components were considered separately, we observed a significant Aβ group × CAIDE-MR × time interaction on EM decline only (β [SE] = 3.03 [1.18]; p = 0.01). A significant CAIDE-MR score × time interaction was observed in Aβ- participants only. Significant interactions between APOE ε4 and age × time on HV loss and EM decline were observed in both groups. Exploratory analyses in Aβ- CN participants revealed a significant interaction between BMI × time on EM decline (β [SE] = -3.30 [1.43]; p = 0.02). DISCUSSION These results are consistent with studies showing that increasing age and APOE ε4 are associated with increased rates of HV loss and EM decline. In Aβ- CN adults, lower prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors was associated with less HV loss and EM decline over ∼10 years, suggesting interventions to reduce modifiable cardiovascular risk factors could be beneficial in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rosenich
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Bransby
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Fowler
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- From the Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences (E.R., L.B., P.M., Y.Y.L.), Monash University, Clayton; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (N.Y., C.C.R.), and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (C.F., C.L.M., P.M.), University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity (J.F.), Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane; Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences (S.M.L.), and Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care (R.N.M.), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (S.M.L.), Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute (S.R.R.-G.), Murdoch University; Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation (S.R.R.-G.), Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET (C.C.R.), Austin Health, Heidelberg; Department of Medicine (C.C.R.), Austin Health, University of Melbourne; and Cogstate Ltd. (P.M.), Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Glisky EL, Woolverton CB, McVeigh KS, Grilli MD. Episodic Memory and Executive Function Are Differentially Affected by Retests but Similarly Affected by Age in a Longitudinal Study of Normally-Aging Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:863942. [PMID: 35493924 PMCID: PMC9043807 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.863942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory and executive function are two cognitive domains that have been studied extensively in older adults and have been shown to decline in normally-aging older individuals. However, one of the problems with characterizing cognitive changes in longitudinal studies has been separating effects attributable to normal aging from effects created by repeated testing or practice. In the present study, 166 people aged 65 and older were enrolled over several years and tested at least 3 times at variable intervals (M = 3.2 yrs). The cognitive measures were composite scores. Each composite was made up of five neuropsychological tests, previously identified through factor analysis. For one pair of composite scores, variance attributable to age was removed from each subtest through regression analyses before z-scores were computed, creating two age-corrected composites. A second pair of composites were not age-corrected. Using linear mixed-effects models, we first explored retest effects for each cognitive domain, independent of age, using the age-corrected composites. We then modeled aging effects using the age-uncorrected composites after subtracting out retest effects. Results indicated significant retest effects for memory but not for executive function, such that memory performance improved across the three testing sessions. When these practice effects were removed from the age-uncorrected data, effects of aging were evident for both executive and memory function with significant declines over time. We also explored several individual difference variables including sex, IQ, and age at the initial testing session and across time. Although sex and IQ affected performance on both cognitive factors at the initial test, neither was related to practice effects, although young-older adults tended to benefit from practice to a greater extent than old-older adults. In addition, people with higher IQs showed slower age-related declines in memory, but no advantages in executive function. These findings suggest that (a) aging affects both memory and executive function similarly, (b) higher IQ, possibly reflecting cognitive reserve, may slow age-related declines in memory, and (c) practice through repeated testing enhances performance in memory particularly in younger-older adults, and may therefore mask aging effects if not taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Glisky
- Aging and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cindy B. Woolverton
- Aging and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Katelyn S. McVeigh
- Human Memory Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew D. Grilli
- Human Memory Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vonk JMJ, Ghaznawi R, Zwartbol MHT, Stern Y, Geerlings MI. The role of cognitive and brain reserve in memory decline and atrophy rate in mid and late-life: The SMART-MR study. Cortex 2022; 148:204-214. [PMID: 35189525 PMCID: PMC11018269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate associations of cognitive and brain reserve with trajectories of memory decline in mid-life and late-life, and whether the relationship of memory decline with atrophy differs as a function of reserve. METHODS Participants were 989 Dutch middle-aged to older adults from the SMART-MR prospective cohort, followed up to 12 years with up to 3 measurements of memory and brain MRI. Education and Dutch National Adult Reading Test (DART) were used as proxies of cognitive reserve, and intracranial volume (ICV) and baseline brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) for brain reserve. Univariate growth curve models analyzed associations of reserve with memory decline, and multiple-group bivariate growth curve models tested the longitudinal brain-memory relationship as a function of reserve. Models were additionally stratified by mid-life and late-life. RESULTS Higher DART, education, and BPF were related to a slower rate of memory decline, particularly in late-life, but ICV was not. A positive covariance indicated that an individual who undergoes atrophy also undergoes memory decline-this relationship did not differ across cognitive or brain reserve, but was not present in mid-life. Memory declined slower than brain volume, yet rates were more similar in the low DART, education, and BPF groups. DISCUSSION Higher cognitive (DART, education) and brain reserve (BPF) work protectively in longitudinal memory change. ICV is an inappropriate proxy of brain reserve, failing to show any association with memory performance at baseline or over time. Deconstructing relationships of reserve capacities with longitudinal cognitive and brain outcomes may identify focus areas with potential for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jet M J Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rashid Ghaznawi
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H T Zwartbol
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sarcopenic obesity is associated with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults: The Bunkyo Health Study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1046-1051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
45
|
Wang J, Lai Y, Jiang C, Bai Y, Xu B, Du X, Dong J, Ma C. Feasibility and Validity of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in Mild Cognitive Impairment Screening for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1527292. [PMID: 35178112 PMCID: PMC8847012 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1527292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with the worsening of cognitive function. Strategies that are both convenient and reliable for cognitive screening of AF patients remain underdeveloped. We aimed to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of computerized cognitive screening strategies using subtests from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) in AF patients. METHODS The Multitasking Test (MTT), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP), and Paired Associates Learning (PAL) subtests from CANTAB were performed in 105 AF patients. Traditional standard neuropsychological tests were used as a reference standard. Cognitive screening models using different CANTAB subtests were established using multivariable logistic regression. Further stepwise regression using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was applied to optimize the models. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to study the sensitivity and specificity of these models. RESULTS Fifty-eight (55%) patients were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MTT alone had reasonable sensitivity (82.8%) and specificity (74.5%) for MCI screening, while RVP (sensitivity 72.4%, specificity 70.2%) and PAL (sensitivity 70.7%, specificity 57.4%) were less effective. Stepwise regression of all available variables revealed that a combination of MTT and RVP brought about higher specificity (sensitivity 82.8%, specificity 85.8%), while PAL was not included in the optimal model. Moreover, adding education to the models did not result in improved validity for MCI screening. CONCLUSION The CANTAB subtests are feasible and effective strategies for MCI screening among AF patients independent of patients' education levels. Hence, they are practical for cardiologists or general practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Baolei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Greenfield EA, Reynolds A, Moorman SM. Life course linkages between enriching early-life activities and later life cognition: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Soc Sci Med 2022; 294:114673. [PMID: 34974386 PMCID: PMC8821159 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that participation in enriching early-life activities (EELAs) has long-term benefits for cognitive health and aging. This study aims to examine the life course processes underlying these associations by drawing on theoretical models from life course epidemiology. Specifically, we tested sensitive-period effects, social pathways, and selection effects as potential explanations for linkages between greater participation in EELAs and better later life cognition. We drew on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), which is among the longest-running cohort studies in the U.S. that has followed graduates (all identified as non-Hispanic White) from Wisconsin high schools since 1957. We used prospective measures of key variables, including information from high school yearbooks, with assessments of cognitive performance at ages 65 and 72. Results from multilevel modeling indicated that greater participation in cognitively oriented extracurricular activities (but not physically nor socially oriented activities) was associated with both better language/executive functioning and memory at age 65. Although the size of these associations was reduced when accounting for other cognitive resources in adolescence (childhood socioeconomic status and adolescent cognitive ability) and in midlife (adult socioeconomic status and formal group participation), there remained small, yet statistically robust, associations. We did not find robust associations between greater EELA engagement and slower rates of decline in cognition between ages 65 and 72, nor did we find evidence of gender differences. Results suggest that for this cohort of older adults, EELA participation is part of life course "protective chains," whereby exposures to assets at one point in the life course increase the likelihood of subsequent exposures, each sequentially and in their own right, toward better later life cognition. We discuss how results support the importance of policies and practices to promote healthy cognitive development among youth for the long-term cognitive health of a rapidly aging U.S. population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Greenfield
- Corresponding author. Telephone number: 732-391-4986.,Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; 390 George Street; New Brunswick, NJ 08901 U.S
| | - Addam Reynolds
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; 390 George Street; New Brunswick, NJ 08901 U.S
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Keresztes A, Raffington L, Bender AR, Bögl K, Heim C, Shing YL. Longitudinal Developmental Trajectories Do Not Follow Cross-Sectional Age Associations in Hippocampal Subfield and Memory Development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101085. [PMID: 35278767 PMCID: PMC8917271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
48
|
Orsholits D, Cullati S, Ghisletta P, Aartsen MJ, Oris M, Studer M, Maurer J, Perna L, Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Marques A, Peralta M, Marconcin P, Kliegel M, Ihle A. How Welfare Regimes Moderate the Associations Between Cognitive Aging, Education, and Occupation. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1615-1624. [PMID: 35090001 PMCID: PMC9757157 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown the importance of individual markers of cognitive reserve, such as education and occupation, for cognitive health in old age. However, there has been only little investigation so far on how this relationship varies across contexts. METHODS We analyzed data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, using second-order latent growth models, to assess the moderating role of welfare regimes on the relationship between education and occupation skill level in explaining overall cognitive functioning and decline in old age. Our sample includes 13 European countries using data from 5 regular waves of the survey (2004-2007 and 2011-2015) and 2 retrospective ones (2008-2009 and 2017). Cognitive functioning was modeled as a latent variable measured by immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and numeracy. RESULTS 74,193 participants were included from the survey. Our analysis showed that the association of education with cognition was weaker overall in Scandinavian countries, but stronger in Southern European countries, relative to Bismarckian ones. However, educational differences in the decline of cognition were more pronounced only in Scandinavian compared to Bismarckian countries. Additionally, higher-skilled occupations in Scandinavian countries had better overall functioning compared to the same occupations in Bismarckian countries, but there was no difference in the decline in cognitive functioning. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that the associations of cognitive functioning and its decline with individuals' cognitive reserve markers (education and occupational skill level) vary according to welfare regimes, showing the importance of contextual factors in cognitive aging processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Orsholits
- Address correspondence to: Dan Orsholits, PhD, Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland. E-mail:
| | - Stéphane Cullati
- Population Health Laboratory, Department of Community Health, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland,Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Marja J Aartsen
- NOVA, Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michel Oris
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Studer
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland,Institute of Demography and Socioeconomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Maurer
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Economics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Perna
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Division of Mental Health of Older Adults, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Élvio R Gouveia
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal,LARSyS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Bruna R Gouveia
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,LARSyS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal,Health Administration Institute, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal,Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Priscila Marconcin
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alantie S, Tyrkkö J, Makkonen T, Renvall K. Is Old Age Just a Number in Language Skills? Language Performance and Its Relation to Age, Education, Gender, Cognitive Screening, and Dentition in Very Old Finnish Speakers. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:274-291. [PMID: 34929110 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reports on how very old (VO) Finnish people without dementia perform in the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and two verbal fluency tasks and which demographic factors predict the performance. METHOD The study included fifty 80- to 100-year-old community-dwelling Finnish speakers with no dementing illnesses or speech-language disabilities, who completed the WAB and two verbal fluency tasks. Multifactorial statistical analyses with recursive partitioning were carried out to determine the significant predictors out of five predictor variables (age, gender, education, dentition, and Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) for four response variables (WAB Aphasia Quotient [AQ], Language Quotient [LQ], semantic, and phonemic word fluencies). RESULTS Overall, individual variation was notable in VO speakers. All predictor variables were statistically significantly associated with one or more of the language skills. Age was the most significant predictor; the critical age of 85-86 years was associated with a decline in WAB-AQ and semantic fluency. Poor dentition and the MMSE score both predicted a decline in WAB-LQ and phonemic fluency. A high level of education was positively associated with the skills of the best-performing individuals in WAB-AQ, WAB-LQ, and semantic fluency. CONCLUSIONS VO age is a significant factor contributing to language performance. However, a younger age, a good cognitive performance, intact teeth, and a higher educational level also seem to have a preservative power as regards language skills. Gender differences should be interpreted with caution. The results of this study provide culture- and language-specific normative data, which aids in differentiating typical aging from the signs of acute or degenerative neuropathology to ensure appropriate medical and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Alantie
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
- Speech-Language Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jukka Tyrkkö
- Department of Languages, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Tanja Makkonen
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
- Speech-Language Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kati Renvall
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fitzgerald J, Fahey L, Holleran L, Ó Broin P, Donohoe G, Morris DW. Thirteen Independent Genetic Loci Associated with Preserved Processing Speed in a Study of Cognitive Resilience in 330,097 Individuals in the UK Biobank. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:122. [PMID: 35052462 PMCID: PMC8774848 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive resilience is the ability to withstand the negative effects of stress on cognitive functioning and is important for maintaining quality of life while aging. The UK Biobank does not have measurements of the same cognitive phenotype at distal time points. Therefore, we used education years (EY) as a proxy phenotype for past cognitive performance and current cognitive performance was based on processing speed. This represented an average time span of 40 years between past and current cognitive performance in 330,097 individuals. A confounding factor was that EY is highly polygenic and masked the genetics of resilience. To overcome this, we employed Genomics Structural Equation Modelling (GenomicSEM) to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS)-by-subtraction using two GWAS, one GWAS of EY and resilience and a second GWAS of EY but not resilience, to generate a GWAS of Resilience. Using independent discovery and replication samples, we found 13 independent genetic loci for Resilience. Functional analyses showed enrichment in several brain regions and specific cell types. Gene-set analyses implicated the biological process "neuron differentiation", the cellular component "synaptic part" and the "WNT signalosome". Mendelian randomisation analysis showed a causative effect of white matter volume on cognitive resilience. These results may contribute to the neurobiological understanding of resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Fitzgerald
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Laura Fahey
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
| |
Collapse
|