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Koh DH, Choi S, Park JH, Lee SG, Kim HC, Kim I, Park DU. Evaluation on the Sex-Specific Association Between Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Inflammation Markers-C-Reactive Protein and White Blood Cell Count. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:484-493. [PMID: 37742212 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoke increases peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count. However, the dose-dependent association between smoking and C-reactive protein (CRP), an important inflammatory marker, has been reported as inconsistent. AIMS AND METHODS Here, we evaluated the associations between smoking and CRP using both smoking questionnaires and urine cotinine as exposure markers. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were used for analyzing the associations. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between cigarette smoke exposure, as assessed by questionnaires and urine cotinine, and health effects, as measured by CRP and WBC count, controlling for potential confounders. The confounders, including age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and uric acid, were selected a priori based on the literature. RESULTS A total of 11 435 participants were included for analysis. For the exposure-response relationship, the results indicated a significant increase in CRP levels in male smokers compared to male nonsmokers (p = .002), whereas no significant increase was found in female smokers compared to female nonsmokers (p = .680). For the dose-response relationship, a significant positive association was observed between urine cotinine and CRP in male smokers (p = .018), whereas no significant association was found in female smokers (p = .508). WBC count consistently showed significant exposure-response and dose-response relationships in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS WBC count was found to be a consistent effect marker of cigarette smoke exposure, while the association between CRP level and smoking was inconsistent and varied by sex. The sex-specific response to cigarette smoke exposure warrants further exploration in future studies. IMPLICATIONS Cigarette smoke exposure is known to increase inflammation and has been thought to increase CRP, a significant inflammation marker. However, recent studies have reported conflicting results regarding the dose-dependent association between cigarette smoke exposure and CRP. This study found that the association between smoking and CRP is inconsistent and varies by sex, showing significant exposure response in men but not in women. Furthermore, the study suggests that WBC count is a more consistent marker for cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sangjun Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Institute for Public Health and Healthcare Management, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea
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Siddall AG, Stokes KA, Thompson D, Izard R, Greeves J, Bilzon JLJ. Influence of smoking status on acute biomarker responses to successive days of arduous military training. BMJ Mil Health 2023; 169:52-56. [PMID: 32718978 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Habitual smoking is highly prevalent in military populations despite its association with poorer training outcomes. Smoking imposes challenges on the immune and endocrine systems which could alter how smokers acutely respond to, and recover from, intensive exercise particularly over multiple days of training. METHODS Over a two-day period, 35 male British Army recruits (age 22±3 years; mass 76.9±8.0 kg; height 1.78±0.06 m; 15 smokers) completed a 16.1 km loaded march (19.1 kg additional mass) on the first morning and a best-effort 3.2 km 'log race' (carrying a 60 kg log between six and eight people) on the subsequent morning. Blood samples were obtained on waking and immediately postexercise on both days and analysed for C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), testosterone to cortisol ratio and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). RESULTS Independent of smoking group, the exercise bouts on both days evoked significant increases in IL-6 (p<0.001) and decreases in testosterone to cortisol ratio (p<0.05). CRP concentrations on day 2 were significantly higher than both time points on day 1 (p<0.001), and a 9% decline in IGF-1 occurred over the two-day period, but was not significant (p=0.063). No significant differences were observed between smokers and non-smokers (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Military-specific tasks elicited inflammatory and endocrine responses, with systemic CRP and IGF-1 indicating that the physiological stress generated during the first training day was still evident on the second day. Despite the well-established impacts of smoking on resting levels of the markers examined, responses to two days of arduous military-specific training did not differ by smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Siddall
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - K A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - D Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - R Izard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command, Upavon, UK
| | - J Greeves
- Army Personnel Research Capability, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
| | - J L J Bilzon
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Integrate metabolomics strategy and target prediction to reveal the ameliorate effect of four typical 'cold' property herbs on hyperthyroidism rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115772. [PMID: 36202164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The 'cold' property herbs are commonly applied in heat syndrome. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms of the 'cold' property herbs on heat syndrome has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to probe the activities of the four typical 'cold' property herbs on hyperthyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the four typical 'heat' property herbs were set as contrasting experiment. Then. the physical sign, thyroid function and metabolism profile (multivariate statistical analysis) were assessing the difference between the four typical 'cod' property herbs and the four typical 'heat' property herbs. H&E staining were used to confirmed the influence of the typical 'cold' property herbs on hyperthyroidism. A metabolomics approach combine with network pharmacology were explored the effected mechanism of the typical 'cold' property herbs on hyperthyroidism. the gene expression of UCP-1 was detected by RT-PCR. The metabolites pathway and target-associated metabolites were verified Na+/K+-ATP enzyme and GSH, as well IL6, IL17, MAPK and PPAR-γ, which detected by commercial kits and Western blot. RESULTS It is proved that the four typical 'cold' property herbs effectively ameliorate the physical sign, thyroid function and metabolism profile in hyperthyroidism rats, but the four typical 'heat' property herbs showed no benefit. Moreover, the four typical 'cold' property herbs regulated energy metabolism, glutathione metabolism, taurine hypotaurine metabolism, thyroid hormone synthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism and the inflammation mediated by inflammatory factor (IL6, IL17), Ca2+ and MAPK signaling pathway. And the levels of UCP-1, Na+/K+-ATP enzyme, GSH, and the targets protein of IL6, IL17, MAPK and PPAR-γ were ameliorated by the four typical 'cold' property herbs. CONCLUSION The four typical 'cold' property herbs could alleviate hyperthyroidism by ameliorate thyroid hormone synthesis, restraining inflammation and oxidative stress via regulating energy metabolism, glutathione metabolism, taurine hypotaurine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism and Ca 2+/MAPK signaling pathway, which might be a useful strategy for treating hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Al-tameemi S, Hameed N, Gomes K, Abid H. Cigarette smoking increases plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. BAGHDAD JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.47419/bjbabs.v3i01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of a wide range of critical health problems such as cancers, especially those who are related to the respiratory system. Although studies are continuing on the smoking-related inflammatory responses, limited reports are there to explore how such responses can be affected by the smoking intensity. Therefore, the current communication aimed to shed light on how smoking and smoking intensity can affect some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers.
Methods: A total of 159 subjects (108 smokers and 51 non-smokers) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Their sociodemographic, smoking intensity and blood samples were obtained and processed using approved methodologies. The blood plasma samples were used to quantify interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and ferritin by using ELISA. The gained data was then analyzed using GraphPad Prism software to assess the variations.
Results: The results showed that IL-6 and TNF-α are elevated markedly (p<0.001) in smoker subjects when compared with non-smoker ones (IL-6: 2.58±0.98 vs. 1.858±0.6256 pg/ml, TNF-α: 28.38±7.162 vs. 22.64±7.257). However, no significant differences were observed in other biomarkers comparing the groups, as well as no significant association was evidenced based on smoking intensity among smokers.
Conclusions: The findings might point to a relationship between smoking and the elevation of IL-6 and TNF-α levels in a cigarette dose-dependent manner.
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Associations of dietary, lifestyle, other participant characteristics, and oxidative balance scores with plasma F 2-isoprostanes concentrations in a pooled cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1541-1560. [PMID: 34860269 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasma F2-isoprostanes (FiP) concentration, a reliably measured, valid, systemic oxidative stress biomarker, has been associated with multiple health-related outcomes; however, associations of most individual dietary and lifestyle exposures with FiP are unclear, and there is no reported oxidative balance score (OBS) comprising multiple dietary and/or lifestyle components weighted by their associations with FiP. METHODS To investigate cross-sectional associations of dietary and lifestyle characteristics with plasma FiP concentrations, we used multivariable general linear models to compare adjusted mean FiP concentrations across categories of dietary nutrient and whole-food intakes and lifestyle characteristics in two pooled cross-sectional studies (n = 386). We also developed equal-weight and weighted OBS (nutrient- and foods-based dietary OBS, lifestyle OBS, and total OBS), and compared adjusted mean FiP concentrations across OBS tertiles. RESULTS Among men and women combined, adjusted mean FiP concentrations were statistically significantly, proportionately 28.1% higher among those who were obese relative to those who were normal weight; among those in the highest relative to the lowest total nutrient intake tertiles, FiP concentrations were statistically significantly lower by 9.8% for carotenes, 13.6% for lutein/zeaxanthin, 10.9% for vitamin C, 12.2% for vitamin E, 11.5% for glucosinolates, and 5% for calcium. Of the various OBS, the weighted OBS that combined total nutrient intakes and lifestyle exposures was most strongly associated with FiP concentrations: among those in the highest relative to the lowest total OBS, mean FiP concentrations were statistically significantly 29.7% lower (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Multiple dietary and lifestyle characteristics, individually, and especially collectively, may contribute to systemic oxidative stress.
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Janbazacyabar H, van Daal M, Leusink-Muis T, van Ark I, Garssen J, Folkerts G, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Braber S. The Effects of Maternal Smoking on Pregnancy and Offspring: Possible Role for EGF? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680902. [PMID: 34485278 PMCID: PMC8415274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy and lactation is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, we investigated the effects of maternal smoke exposure on pregnancy and offspring immunity and explored whether, epidermal growth factor (EGF), an important growth-promoting factor in human colostrum and milk, might be a possible missing link in maternal smoke exposure and changes in infants’ immune responses. Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to either cigarette smoke or air during gestation and lactation, and effects on pulmonary inflammation in dams and immune responses in offspring were examined. Maternal smoke exposure increased airway hyperresponsiveness and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs of pregnant dams compared to non-pregnant dams. The E-cadherin protein expression was reduced in mammary glands of cigarette smoke-exposed pregnant dams. EGF levels were higher in mammary glands and serum of smoke-exposed pregnant dams compared to air-exposed pregnant dams. Offspring from cigarette smoke-exposed dams exhibited elevated levels of IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-22, and IL-13 in anti-CD3 stimulated spleen cell culture supernatants. EGF levels were also increased in serum of offspring from smoke-exposed dams. A positive correlation was observed between serum EGF levels and neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the dams. Interestingly, IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-22, IL13, and IFN-γ levels in anti-CD3 stimulated spleen cell culture supernatants of male pups also showed a positive correlation with EGF serum levels. In summary, our results reveal that maternal smoke exposure predisposes dams to exacerbated airway inflammation and offspring to exacerbated immune responses and both phenomena are associated with elevated EGF concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Janbazacyabar
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marthe van Daal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thea Leusink-Muis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van Ark
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Impact of endoscopic submucosal dissection and epithelial cell sheet engraftment on systemic cytokine dynamics in patients with oesophageal cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15282. [PMID: 34315989 PMCID: PMC8316560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Various cytokines are present in the TME in oesophageal cancer. Oesophageal stricture is a major complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for oesophageal cancer, and inflammatory cytokines are closely related to its pathogenesis. However, the cytokine crosstalk involved in the oesophageal cancer TME and post-ESD stricture has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the comprehensive cytokine dynamics following ESD in patients with oesophageal cancer. In addition, the effect of a novel preventive technique for post-ESD stricture, autologous cell sheet engraftment, on cytokine levels was evaluated. Various pro-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic cytokines were elevated in patients with oesophageal cancer, and ESD transiently influenced cytokine concentrations. IL-1β and TNF-α, two major pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce oesophageal stricture, were significantly suppressed by cell sheet engraftment. In conclusion, this study revealed the distinct cytokine dynamics after ESD in patients with oesophageal cancer, together with the effect of autologous cell sheet engraftment on cytokine fluctuation. These results can accelerate research on the TME and therapeutic strategies for oesophageal cancer.
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Murtadha M, Raslan MA, Fahmy SF, Sabri NA. Changes in the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Sildenafil in Cigarette and Cannabis Smokers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060876. [PMID: 34199328 PMCID: PMC8231986 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate, a widely-used oral therapy for erectile dysfunction, is a cytochrome P3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme substrate. Studies have reported that this substrate has an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 enzymes in long-term cigarette and cannabis smokers, which predominantly mediate the hepatic elimination of sildenafil. Cigarette and/or cannabis smoking could therefore alter the exposure of sildenafil. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of smoking cigarettes and/or cannabis on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of sildenafil. Thirty-six healthy human subjects were equally divided into three groups: non-smokers, cigarette smokers and cannabis smokers. Each group was administered a single dose of sildenafil (50 mg tablets). The primary outcome measures included the maximum concentration of sildenafil in plasma (Cmax), the elimination half-life (t1/2) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve from zero to time (AUC0-t). The pharmacodynamics were assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). The exposure of sildenafil (AUC0-t) showed a statistically significant increase in cigarette smokers (1156 ± 542 ng·h/mL) of 61% (p < 0.05) while in cannabis smokers (967 ± 262 ng·h/mL), a non-significant increase in AUC0-t of 35% (p > 0.05) was observed relative to non-smokers (717 ± 311 ng·h/mL). Moreover, the Cmax of sildenafil increased by 63% (p < 0.05) and 22% (p > 0.05) in cigarette smokers and cannabis smokers, respectively. Cigarette smoking increases the exposure of sildenafil to a statistically significant level with no effect on its pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Murtadha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.A.R.); (S.F.F.)
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Raslan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.A.R.); (S.F.F.)
- Drug Research Center, Clinical Research and Bioanalysis Department, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Sarah Farid Fahmy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.A.R.); (S.F.F.)
| | - Nagwa Ali Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.A.R.); (S.F.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Fourteen days of smoking cessation improves muscle fatigue resistance and reverses markers of systemic inflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12286. [PMID: 34112815 PMCID: PMC8192509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has a negative effect on respiratory and skeletal muscle function and is a risk factor for various chronic diseases. To assess the effects of 14 days of smoking cessation on respiratory and skeletal muscle function, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in humans. Spirometry, skeletal muscle function, circulating carboxyhaemoglobin levels, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), markers of oxidative stress and serum cytokines were measured in 38 non-smokers, and in 48 cigarette smokers at baseline and after 14 days of smoking cessation. Peak expiratory flow (p = 0.004) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (p = 0.037) were lower in smokers compared to non-smokers but did not change significantly after smoking cessation. Smoking cessation increased skeletal muscle fatigue resistance (p < 0.001). Haemoglobin content, haematocrit, carboxyhaemoglobin, total AGEs, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 (p < 0.05) levels were higher, and total antioxidant status (TAS), IL-12p70 and eosinophil numbers were lower (p < 0.05) in smokers. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12p70 had returned towards levels seen in non-smokers after 14 days smoking cessation (p < 0.05), and IL-2 and TNF-α showed a similar pattern but had not yet fully returned to levels seen in non-smokers. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, eosinophil count, AGEs, MDA and TAS did not significantly change with smoking cessation. Two weeks of smoking cessation was accompanied with an improved muscle fatigue resistance and a reduction in low-grade systemic inflammation in smokers.
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Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants, inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. This enduring and systemic pro-oxidative state within the body is reflected by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers seen in smokers. Smokers might benefit from consuming antioxidant supplements, or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can reduce the CS-related oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the plasma profile of antioxidants observable in smokers and examines the heterogeneous literature to elucidate and discuss the effectiveness of interventional strategies based on antioxidant supplements or an antioxidant-rich diet to improve the health of smokers. An antioxidant-rich diet can provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective preventative strategy to reduce the risk of CS-related diseases, thus being one of the simplest ways for smokers to stay in good health for as long as possible. The health benefits attributable to the intake of antioxidants have been observed predominantly when these have been consumed within their natural food matrices in an optimal antioxidant-rich diet, while these preventive effects are rarely achieved with the intake of individual antioxidants, even at high doses.
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Association between chronic psychoactive substances use and systemic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:208-220. [PMID: 33639179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the change in inflammation biomarkers level among chronic psychoactive substance users. To meet the required inclusion criteria, all studies had to describe human participants with an age ≥18y., experiencing chronic psychostimulant (nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine), sedative (benzodiazepine, opioids) and/or cannabinoid use. The comparison group was defined as healthy participants. Studies where included if they reported at least one of the pro/inflammatory biomarkers. Study bias was examined by Funnel plots and heterogeneity by computing the I2 statistics. Only 21 eligible studies were selected based on 26,216 study participants. A small and significant effect size of 0.18 mg/l (95 % CI:0.10-0.27) was detected in favour of chronic smokers (z = 4.33;P < 0.0001). There was evidence of publication bias for studies measuring IL-6 and IL-10 association with cocaine and IL-6 in association with cannabis. In summary, except for chronic tobacco users, there was no evidence of association between other chronic substances abuse and inflammatory levels. More studies are needed to inform policy and decision makers about the utility of anti-inflammatory based targeted intervention programmes.
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Schwartz M, Neiers F, Feron G, Canon F. The Relationship Between Salivary Redox, Diet, and Food Flavor Perception. Front Nutr 2021; 7:612735. [PMID: 33585536 PMCID: PMC7876224 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.612735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouth is the gateway for entrance of food and microorganisms into the organism. The oral cavity is bathed by saliva, which is thus the first fluid that food and microorganisms will face after their entrance. As a result, saliva plays different functions, including lubrication, predigestion, protection, detoxification, and even transport of taste compounds to chemoreceptors located in the taste buds. To ensure its function of protection, saliva contains reactive harmful compounds such as reactive oxygen species that are controlled and neutralized by the antioxidant activity of saliva. Several antioxidant molecules control the production of molecules such as reactive oxygen compounds, neutralize them and/or repair the damage they have caused. Therefore, a balance between reactive oxidant species and antioxidant compounds exists. At the same time, food can also contain antioxidant compounds, which can participate in the equilibrium of this balance. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of different food components on the antioxidant capacity of saliva that correspond to the ability of saliva to neutralize reactive oxygen species. Contradictory results have sometimes been obtained. Moreover, some antioxidant compounds are also cofactors of enzymatic reactions that affect flavor compounds. Recent studies have considered the salivary antioxidant capacity to explain the release of flavor compounds ex vivo or in vivo. This article aims to review the effect of food on the antioxidant capacity of saliva and the impact of salivary antioxidant capacity on flavor perception after a brief presentation of the different molecules involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Beck H, Thaler T, Meibom D, Meininghaus M, Jörißen H, Dietz L, Terjung C, Bairlein M, von Bühler CJ, Anlauf S, Fürstner C, Stellfeld T, Schneider D, Gericke KM, Buyck T, Lovis K, Münster U, Anlahr J, Kersten E, Levilain G, Marossek V, Kast R. Potent and Selective Human Prostaglandin F (FP) Receptor Antagonist (BAY-6672) for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). J Med Chem 2020; 63:11639-11662. [PMID: 32969660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare and devastating chronic lung disease of unknown etiology. Despite the approved treatment options nintedanib and pirfenidone, the medical need for a safe and well-tolerated antifibrotic treatment of IPF remains high. The human prostaglandin F receptor (hFP-R) is widely expressed in the lung tissue and constitutes an attractive target for the treatment of fibrotic lung diseases. Herein, we present our research toward novel quinoline-based hFP-R antagonists, including synthesis and detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR). Starting from a high-throughput screening (HTS) hit of our corporate compound library, multiple parameter improvements-including increase of the relative oral bioavailability Frel from 3 to ≥100%-led to a highly potent and selective hFP-R antagonist with complete oral absorption from suspension. BAY-6672 (46) represents-to the best of our knowledge-the first reported FP-R antagonist to demonstrate in vivo efficacy in a preclinical animal model of lung fibrosis, thus paving the way for a new treatment option in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Beck
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tobias Thaler
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daniel Meibom
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mark Meininghaus
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hannah Jörißen
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lisa Dietz
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Terjung
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michaela Bairlein
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Sonja Anlauf
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Chantal Fürstner
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Timo Stellfeld
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kersten M Gericke
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Buyck
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kai Lovis
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Uwe Münster
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johanna Anlahr
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kersten
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Guillaume Levilain
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Virginia Marossek
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Raimund Kast
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
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14
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Schwartz M, Neiers F, Feron G, Canon F. Activités oxydo-réductrices dans la salive : modulation par l’alimentation et importance pour la perception sensorielle des aliments. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Hamza SA, Wahid A, Afzal N, Asif S, Imran MF, Khurshid Z, Bokhari SAH. Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Mouth Wash on Salivary pH and Interleukin-1β Levels among Smokers. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:260-267. [PMID: 32396972 PMCID: PMC7274825 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Smoking induces changes in salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study examined the effect of alkaline oral rinse to modify this effect of smoking on salivary study parameters.
Materials and Methods
A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) on systemically healthy smokers was conducted. A total of 78 smokers, aged 18 to 40 years, were enrolled as per exclusion/inclusion criteria. An alkaline mouthwash was provided to the intervention group and a placebo to control group. Salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker interleukin (IL)-1β levels were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up (14 ± 2 days).
Statistical Analysis
Chi-squared test, independaent
t
-test, and paired
t
-test were used to observe the changes in parameters among and between groups before and after intervention using SPSS v16 with a significance level of
p
≤0.050.
Results
Sixty eight salivary samples were analyzed. All study parameters of the study sample were statistically insignificant between both intervention and control groups at baseline. pH level was 6.56 ± 0.53 at baseline and 6.62 ± 0.45 at follow-up in the intervention group; respective values for control group were 6.70 ± 0.36 and 6.83 ± 0.44 and the changes were not significant (
p
≥0.071). IL-1β level was 9.39 ± 10.23 pg/µL at baseline and 5.40 ± 6.62 pg/µL at a follow-up in the intervention group and the change was significant (
p
= 0.001); respective values for the control group were 10.63 ± 11.50, and 9.33 ± 11.73 and the difference was nonsignificant (
p
= 0.076).
Conclusion
This randomized trial indicated that sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse is effective in decreasing IL-1β levels and increasing salivary pH favorable for prevention of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ameer Hamza
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Wahid
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Afzal
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Asif
- Department of Periodontology, University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mian Farrukh Imran
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Hillmer AT, Matuskey D, Huang Y, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Carson RE, O'Malley SS, Cosgrove KP. Tobacco Smoking in People Is Not Associated with Altered 18-kDa Translocator Protein Levels: A PET Study. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1200-1204. [PMID: 32005773 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.237735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of tobacco smoking on the immune system of the brain are not well elucidated. Although nicotine is immunosuppressive, other constituents in tobacco smoke have inflammatory effects. PET imaging of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) provides a biomarker for microglia, the primary immunocompetent cells of the brain. This work compared brain TSPO levels in 20 tobacco smokers (abstinent for at least 2 h) and 20 nonsmokers using a fully quantitative modeling approach for the first time, to our knowledge. Methods: 11C-PBR28 (N-((2-(methoxy-11C)-phenyl)methyl)-N-(6-phenoxy-3-pyridinyl)acetamide) PET scans were acquired with arterial blood sampling to estimate the metabolite-corrected input function. 11C-PBR28 volumes of distribution were estimated throughout the brain with multilinear analysis. Results: Statistical analyses revealed no evidence of significant differences in regional 11C-PBR28 volumes of distribution between smokers and nonsmokers (whole-brain Cohen d = 0.09) despite adequate power to detect medium effect sizes. Conclusion: These findings inform previous PET studies reporting lower TSPO radiotracer concentrations in the brain (measured as SUV) for tobacco smokers than for nonsmokers by demonstrating the importance of accounting for radiotracer concentrations in plasma. These findings suggest that nonsmokers and smokers have comparable TSPO levels in the brain. Additional work with other biomarkers is needed to fully characterize the effects of tobacco smoking on the brain immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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17
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SIDDALL ANDREW, BILZON JAMES, THOMPSON DYLAN, TAULER PEDRO, GREEVES JULIE, IZARD RACHEL, STOKES KEITH. Smoking and Biochemical, Performance, and Muscle Adaptation to Military Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 52:1201-1209. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Sedlak L, Zych M, Wojnar W, Wyględowska-Promieńska D. Effect of Topical Prostaglandin F2α Analogs on Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Tear Film. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:medicina55070366. [PMID: 31336766 PMCID: PMC6681209 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Topically administered antiglaucoma medications, especially those containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), may cause local adverse effects and compromise ocular surface. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of topical prostaglandin F2α analogs (PGAs): preservative-free latanoprost, BAC-preserved latanoprost, preservative-free tafluprost, and BAC-preserved bimatoprost, on selected oxidative stress parameters in the tear film. Materials and Methods: The patients were divided into five groups: group C (n = 25) control group—subjects who did not use topical antiglaucoma medications, group L (n = 22)—patients using topical preservative-free latanoprost, group L+BAC (n = 25)—patients using topical BAC-preserved latanoprost, group T (n = 19)—patients using topical preservative-free tafluprost, and group B+BAC (n = 17)—patients using topical BAC-preserved bimatoprost. The oxidative stress markers in the tear film samples were evaluated: total protein (TP) concentration, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) content, total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Response (TAR), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). Results: The TP concentrations in the groups L, L+BAC, and B+BAC were statistically significantly higher in comparison with group C. The SOD and CAT activities in the groups L+BAC and B+BAC were statistically significantly higher when compared to group C. As compared to group C, AOPP and TOS were statistically significantly higher in all the study groups. OSI was found to be statistically significantly higher in the groups L+BAC, T, and B+BAC in comparison with group C. Conclusion: Use of topical PGAs by the patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with increased oxidative stress in the tear film which is additionally exacerbated by the presence of BAC in the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lech Sedlak
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-514 Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-514 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kornel Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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19
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Zhang H, Bi W, Cui Y, Chen H, Chen J, Zhao Y, Kang G. Extreme-value sampling design is cost-beneficial only with a valid statistical approach for exposure-secondary outcome association analyses. Stat Methods Med Res 2019; 29:466-480. [PMID: 30945605 DOI: 10.1177/0962280219839093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In epidemiology cohort studies, exposure data are collected in sub-studies based on a primary outcome (PO) of interest, as with the extreme-value sampling design (EVSD), to investigate their correlation. Secondary outcomes (SOs) data are also readily available, enabling researchers to assess the correlations between the exposure and the SOs. However, when the EVSD is used, the data for SOs are not representative samples of a general population; thus, many commonly used statistical methods, such as the generalized linear model (GLM), are not valid. A prospective likelihood method has been developed to associate SOs with single-nucleotide polymorphisms under an extreme phenotype sequencing design. In this paper, we describe the application of the prospective likelihood method (STEVSD) to exposure-SO association analysis under an EVSD. We undertook extensive simulations to assess the performance of the STEVSD method in associating binary and continuous exposures with SOs, comparing it to the simple GLM method that ignores the EVSD. To demonstrate the cost-benefit of the STEVSD method, we also mimicked the design of two new retrospective studies, as would be done in actual practice, based on the PO of interest, which was the same as the SO in the EVSD study. We then analyzed these data by using the GLM method and compared its power to that of the STEVSD method. We demonstrated the usefulness of the STEVSD method by applying it to a benign ethnic neutropenia dataset. Our results indicate that the STEVSD method can control type I error well, whereas the GLM method cannot do so owing to its ignorance of EVSD, and that the STEVSD method is cost-effective because it has statistical power similar to that of two new retrospective studies that require collecting new exposure data for selected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems and Control, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenjian Bi
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems and Control, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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20
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Szumska M, Damasiewicz-Bodzek A, Czubilińska J, Długaszek M, Gawlik K, Krywult A, Synowiec K, Wielkoszyński T, Tyrpień-Golder K. Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) Concentration in Population of Healthy Young People: Interactions with Tobacco Smoke and Anti-oxidative Status. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 19:120-128. [PMID: 30302668 PMCID: PMC6469831 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a high-molecular zinc-binding metalloproteinase that was first detected in the serum of pregnant women. It can also be detected in men and non-pregnant women. Recently, a growing interest in determining the concentration of PAPP-A as a marker of oxidative stress and atherosclerotic processes has been observed. Among the factors that could potentially influence the PAPP-A formation is the exposure to tobacco smoke. Some components of tobacco smoke have an immediate effect on the body and also direct influence on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between PAPP-A concentration and either passive or active exposure to tobacco smoke in the population of medicine students (n = 152). The relation between PAPP-A concentration and chosen markers of inflammatory response and anti-oxidative processes was analyzed. The samples of serum, urine, and saliva were collected and main nicotine metabolites in urine samples were determined using ELISA technique. Comparison of the PAPP-A concentrations in the study group revealed that in the group of active smokers, the concentration of the protein was significantly higher than in the group of passive smokers (p = .04) and the group of not-exposed students (p = .006). PAPP-A concentration showed significant positive correlation with the values of FRAP and main nicotine metabolites. The evident influence of both active and passive tobacco smoke exposure on PAPP-A levels in the studied population of young people who in general are not included in the group of high-risk cardiovascular incidents, shows how important early prevention of anti-health behaviors is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Damasiewicz-Bodzek
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czubilińska
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Długaszek
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kaja Gawlik
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Krywult
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Konrad Synowiec
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wielkoszyński
- Analytical-Bacteriological Laboratory, NZOZ, Pulmonology Unit, Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | - Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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21
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Sardaro N, Della Vella F, Incalza MA, DI Stasio D, Lucchese A, Contaldo M, Laudadio C, Petruzzi M. Oxidative Stress and Oral Mucosal Diseases: An Overview. In Vivo 2019; 33:289-296. [PMID: 30804105 PMCID: PMC6506298 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are physiologically produced during cellular metabolism. When their balance is disrupted in favor of ROS, a condition called oxidative stress occurs. Oxidative stress represents a widespread phenomenon involved in several pathological conditions. The aim of the present review was to report current knowledge on oxidative stress related to oral mucosal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles from 2000 to 2018 were selected for relevance, validity and quality, from results obtained in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar using the following search terms: oxidative stress and oral lichen, oral pemphigus, aphthous stomatitis, oral leukoplakia, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral carcinoma. All articles were independently screened for eligibility by the authors. RESULTS This narrative review integrates extensive information from all relevant published studies focusing on oxidative stress in oral mucosal diseases. We outline the pathogenetic function of oxidative stress in the most frequent inflammatory, potentially malignant and malignant diseases of the oral mucosa and provide detailed findings from human research. CONCLUSION Although variability in findings between individual studies exists, it justifies the conclusion that oxidative stress is a significant process in the oral mucosal diseases pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sardaro
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Organs of Sense, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fedora Della Vella
- Section of Dentistry, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Incalza
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Dario DI Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Laudadio
- Section of Dentistry, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Section of Dentistry, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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22
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Oda K, Kikuchi E, Kuroda E, Yamada C, Okuno C, Urata N, Kishimoto N, Kubo A, Ishii N, Nishizaki Y. Uric acid, ferritin and γ-glutamyltransferase can be informative in prediction of the oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 64:124-128. [PMID: 30936624 PMCID: PMC6436039 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-oxidant system is affected not only by aging but also many lifestyle factors. We aimed to clarify the determinants of medical check-up items affecting the anti-oxidant system. We studied 959 Japanese individuals who underwent anti-aging health check-ups (mean age: 61.1 years) at Tokai University from 2006 to 2016. As parameters of oxidative stress, we measured serum total anti-oxidant status, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and isoprostane. Anti-aging health check-up data and lifestyle information were collected from participants in this study. Step-wise multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify determinants that influence serum total anti-oxidant status, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and isoprostane, respectively. Serum total anti-oxidant status was significantly correlated with uric acid, vitamin A, folate, and valine. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was significantly correlated with age, ferritin, drinking habit, and vitamin Eα. Isoprostane was significantly correlated with vitamin Eα, γ-glutamyltransferase, ferritin, and smoking habit. The strong antioxidant powers of uric acid and vitamins were confirmed. It was suggested that branched-chain amino acids themselves such as valine or peptides containing them may possess antioxidant ability because of its strong correlation. Uric acid, ferritin, and γ-glutamyltransferase, which are common items measured in medical checkups, can be informative in predicting the oxidative stress situation in a general medical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Oda
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Emiko Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Emiko Kuroda
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Chizumi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Chiori Okuno
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Nana Urata
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kishimoto
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ishii
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishizaki
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 1-2-5 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan.,Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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23
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Influence of smoking on levels of urinary 8-iso Prostaglandin F2α. Toxicol Rep 2018; 6:18-25. [PMID: 30519530 PMCID: PMC6260378 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cigarette smoking affects oxidative stress markers such as 8-iso prostaglandin F2α. The effect of smoking on urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α levels was meta-analyzed. Urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α levels were increased in smokers.
Background To evaluate the reduced-risk potential of alternative tobacco products, biomarkers that are involved in the biological pathways affected by cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are needed. Isoprostanes, a measure of oxidative stress, appear to be influenced by smoking and reversible upon smoking cessation and therefore could be a good biomarker. This review aims at quantifying the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on levels of urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), an isoprostane. Methods PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for publications that reported 8-epi-PGF2α levels in smokers and nonsmokers as well as articles reporting the effect of smoking cessation on 8-epi-PGF2α levels. Results Eighteen studies assessing 8-epi-PGF2α levels by smoking status were identified. Five of the papers reported the results as quantity excreted in 24-hour urine (μg/24 h), and 15 reported creatinine adjusted values. The meta-analyses show increased levels of 8-epi-PGF2α in current smokers compared with nonsmokers (mean difference = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.14–0.19 μg/24 h with inconsistency statistic [I2] = 98%; mean difference = 172.38, 95%CI: 152.75–192.01 pg/mg creatinine with I2 = 89%, respectively). There were too few publications to perform a meta-analysis assessing the effects of smoking cessation on 8-epi-PGF2α levels. Conclusions Due to the high heterogeneity among the studies included in these meta-analyses, it is difficult to generalize the results; however, our study indicates increased levels of 8-epi-PGF2α and therefore increased oxidative stress in smokers compared with nonsmokers. More studies are still needed to assess if 8-epi-PGF2α levels are reversible after cessation.
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Bennett JM, Marino JS, Peck B, Roos LG, Joseph KM, Carter LB, Smith CB, Rohleder N, Coffman MJ. Smokers Display Reduced Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Prior to Symptomatic Chronic Disease Development. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:830-841. [PMID: 30212844 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic stress plays a critical role in many of today's diseases and causes of death. Tobacco use reliably increases the likelihood of chronic disease development and premature death. In addition, habitual tobacco use elevates risk of chronic inflammatory diseases, and glucocorticoid therapy is often less effective in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Taken together, smokers may develop glucocorticoid insensitivity, thereby removing the body's greatest anti-inflammatory mechanism. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine glucocorticoid sensitivity among 24 smokers and 24 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched never smokers who were clinically healthy individuals (i.e., no diagnosis or medication use for chronic diseases and normotensive). Method Participants visited the lab after a 12 hr fast, provided a blood sample, and completed a series of psychosocial questionnaires. Smokers continued smoking ad libitum before the lab visit. Group differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity were examined using ANCOVA and repeated with linear mixed model to account for possible dependence among immune outcomes that matching participants on age, sex, and body mass index may have introduced. Results Prior to clinical disease onset, smokers' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exhibited reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity as well as a diminished inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide compared with never smokers' PBMCs; results were identical regardless of statistical modeling used. Conclusions Cigarette smoking, a self-initiated pharmacological chronic stressor, may provide a unique opportunity to examine early wear and tear on physiological functioning that may lead to chronic disease development. Additional research into PBMCs' intracellular changes must be examined as well as repeating this study in a larger, more heterogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA.,Health Psychology PhD Program, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - J S Marino
- Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory of Systems Physiology, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - B Peck
- Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory of Systems Physiology, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - L G Roos
- Health Psychology PhD Program, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - K M Joseph
- Department of Psychological Science, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - L B Carter
- Department of Psychological Science, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C B Smith
- School of Nursing, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - N Rohleder
- Department of Psychology and Sports Science, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, MA, USA
| | - M J Coffman
- Health Psychology PhD Program, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA.,School of Nursing, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
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Gümperlein I, Fischer E, Dietrich-Gümperlein G, Karrasch S, Nowak D, Jörres RA, Schierl R. Acute health effects of desktop 3D printing (fused deposition modeling) using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polylactic acid materials: An experimental exposure study in human volunteers. INDOOR AIR 2018; 28:611-623. [PMID: 29500848 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
3D printers are increasingly run at home. Nanoparticle emissions from those printers have been reported, which raises the question whether adverse health effects from ultrafine particles (UFP) can be elicited by 3D printers. We exposed 26 healthy adults in a single-blinded, randomized, cross-over design to emissions of a desktop 3D printer using fused deposition modeling (FDM) for 1 hour (high UFP-emitting acrylonitrile butadiene styrene [ABS] vs low-emitting polylactic acid [PLA]). Before and after exposures, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ) and ECP in nasal secretions, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), urinary 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α ), and self-reported symptoms were assessed. The exposures had no significant differential effect on 8-iso PGF2α and nasal biomarkers. However, there was a difference (P < .05) in the time course of FeNO, with higher levels after ABS exposure. Moreover, indisposition and odor nuisance were increased for ABS exposure. These data suggest that 1 hour of exposure to 3D printer emissions had no acute effect on inflammatory markers in nasal secretions and urine. The slight relative increase in FeNO after ABS printing compared to PLA might be due to eosinophilic inflammation from inhaled UFP particles. This possibility should be investigated in further studies using additional biomarkers and longer observation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gümperlein
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - E Fischer
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - G Dietrich-Gümperlein
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - S Karrasch
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - D Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R A Jörres
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R Schierl
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Hung MY, Wu YH, Bamodu OA, Chen X, Lin YK, Hu P, Chang NC, Pang JHS, Yeh CT. Activation of the monocytic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulates oxidative stress and inflammation-associated development of coronary artery spasm via a p38 MAP-kinase signaling-dependent pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:266-276. [PMID: 29609021 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are risk factors for coronary artery spasm (CAS), which is characterized by the increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and monocyte counts; however, limited data are available regarding the role of cigarette-embedded nicotine in the modulation of monocytic inflammatory activity in CAS. APPROACH We investigated and elucidated the putative roles and associations of nicotine, monocytic IL-6, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), and CRP in CAS development. RESULTS We demonstrated that a significantly increased α7-nAChR (p = 0.001) and IL-6 (p = 0.0036) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the serum of patients with CAS. Serum hs-CRP levels exhibited a strong positive correlation with the monocytic mRNA expression of α7-nAChR (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) and IL-6 (r = 0.49, p = 0.006). The α7-nAChR and IL-6 expression levels of the CAS group were also positively correlated (r = 0.63, p < 0.001). Compared with the untreated controls, THP-1 cells and patient-derived monocytes treated with different concentrations of CRP displayed significantly increased expression levels of α7-nAChR mRNA and protein (p = 0.0054), in a dose-dependent manner. We also demonstrated that compared with the IL-6 expression elicited by CRP alone (p = 0.0489), the CRP-induced rise in monocytic IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in the presence of nicotine (p = 0.0002), is mediated by α7-nAChR activation and the deregulation of the human p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the elevated monocytic IL-6 and α7-nAChR mRNA and protein expression levels are associated with the interaction between nicotine and CRP positively modulates CAS development. Our study suggests the potential role of α7-nAChR mRNA and/or protein expression as a diagnostic biomarker for CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yow Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Xi Chen
- International Medical Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Biostatistics Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Hu
- International Cardiovascular Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA; Department of Cardiology, Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei Su Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation: The Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184914. [PMID: 28922371 PMCID: PMC5602636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To inform the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products, we sought to identify sensitive biomarkers of tobacco-induced subclinical cardiovascular damage by testing the cross-sectional associations of smoking with 17 biomarkers of inflammation in 2,702 GENOA study participants belonging to sibships ascertained on the basis of hypertension. Cigarette smoking was assessed by status, intensity (number of cigarettes per day), burden (pack-years of smoking), and time since quitting. We modeled biomarkers as geometric mean (GM) ratios using generalized estimating equations (GEE). The mean age of participants was 61 ±10 years; 64.5% were women and 54.4% African American. The prevalence of smoking was 12.2%. After adjusting for potential confounders, 6 of 17 biomarkers were significantly higher among current smokers at a Bonferroni adjusted p-value threshold (p<0.003). High sensitivity C-reactive protein was the most elevated biomarker among current smokers when compared to never smokers [GM ratio = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.57); p <0.001]. Among former smokers, each pack-year of cigarettes smoked was associated with a 0.4% higher serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.006); p = 0.002] and each 5-year lapsed since quitting was associated with a 4% lower serum level of hsCRP [GM ratio = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99); p = 0.006]. However, we found no significant association of smoking intensity or burden with biomarkers of inflammation among current smokers. HsCRP appears to be the most sensitive biomarker of inflammation associated with cigarette smoking of those investigated, and could be a useful biomarker of smoking-related injury for the study and regulation of emerging tobacco products.
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van 't Erve TJ, Kadiiska MB, London SJ, Mason RP. Classifying oxidative stress by F 2-isoprostane levels across human diseases: A meta-analysis. Redox Biol 2017; 12:582-599. [PMID: 28391180 PMCID: PMC5384299 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that oxidative stress plays a role in virtually every human disease and environmental exposure has become ingrained in everyday knowledge. However, mounting evidence regarding the lack of specificity of biomarkers traditionally used as indicators of oxidative stress in human disease and exposures now necessitates re-evaluation. To prioritize these re-evaluations, published literature was comprehensively analyzed in a meta-analysis to quantitatively classify the levels of systemic oxidative damage across human disease and in response to environmental exposures. In this meta-analysis, the F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-PGF2α, was specifically chosen as the representative marker of oxidative damage. To combine published values across measurement methods and specimens, the standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) in 8-iso-PGF2α levels between affected and control populations were calculated. The meta-analysis resulted in a classification of oxidative damage levels as measured by 8-iso-PGF2α across 50 human health outcomes and exposures from 242 distinct publications. Relatively small increases in 8-iso-PGF2α levels (g<0.8) were found in the following conditions: hypertension (g=0.4), metabolic syndrome (g=0.5), asthma (g=0.4), and tobacco smoking (g=0.7). In contrast, large increases in 8-iso-PGF2α levels were observed in pathologies of the kidney, e.g., chronic renal insufficiency (g=1.9), obstructive sleep apnoea (g=1.1), and pre-eclampsia (g=1.1), as well as respiratory tract disorders, e.g., cystic fibrosis (g=2.3). In conclusion, we have established a quantitative classification for the level of 8-iso-PGF2α generation in different human pathologies and exposures based on a comprehensive meta-analysis of published data. This analysis provides knowledge on the true involvement of oxidative damage across human health outcomes as well as utilizes past research to prioritize those conditions requiring further scrutiny on the mechanisms of biomarker generation. Oxidative damage is highly variable in human conditions as measured by F2-isoprostanes. Respiratory tract and urogenital diseases have the highest F2-isoprostanes. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases have surprisingly low F2-isoprostanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA.
| | - Maria B Kadiiska
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Stephanie J London
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Ronald P Mason
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
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Ghazali WSW, Romli AC, Mohamed M. Effects of honey supplementation on inflammatory markers among chronic smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:175. [PMID: 28351393 PMCID: PMC5371194 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Honey has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory property. This is a randomized, controlled, open-label trial to determine the effects of 12-week honey oral supplementation on plasma inflammatory markers such as high sensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α among chronic smokers. Methods/design A total of 32 non-smokers and 64 chronic smokers from Quit Smoking Clinic and Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia participated in the study. Smokers were then randomized into 2 groups: smokers with honey group that received Malaysian Tualang honey (20 g/day daily for 12 weeks) and smokers without honey group. Blood was obtained from non-smokers and smokers at pre-intervention, and from smokers at post-intervention for measurement of the inflammatory markers. Results At pre-intervention, smokers had significantly higher high sensitive C-reactive protein than non-smokers. In smokers with honey group, tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly increased while high sensitive C-reactive protein was significantly reduced at post-intervention than at pre-intervention. Conclusion This study suggests that honey supplementation has opposite effects on tumor necrosis factor-α and high sensitive C-reactive protein indicating the inconclusive effect of honey on inflammation among chronic smokers which needs further study on other inflammatory markers. Trial registration The Trial has been registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615001236583. Registered 11 November 2015 (Retrospectively Registered).
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Lee EE, Hong S, Martin AS, Eyler LT, Jeste DV. Inflammation in Schizophrenia: Cytokine Levels and Their Relationships to Demographic and Clinical Variables. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:50-61. [PMID: 27840055 PMCID: PMC5164855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation may play a role in the accelerated physical aging reported in schizophrenia, though biomarker findings and associations with demographic and clinical factors are inconsistent. METHODS In a cross-sectional, case-control design, 95 outpatients with schizophrenia (mean age ± SD: 48.1 ± 10.2 years) and 95 demographically comparable healthy comparison subjects (HCs) (mean age ± SD: 48.1 ± 12.1 years) were studied. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assayed. The authors compared cytokine levels, examined demographic and clinical associations, and adjusted for relevant variables with linear models. RESULTS Individuals with schizophrenia had higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 but not IFN-γ than HCs. Age was not related to cytokine levels, and age relationships did not differ between diagnostic groups. Women had higher levels of IL-6. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms, and adjustment for depression reduced the group effect for both. Within the HCs, TNF-α levels were associated with physical comorbidity and body mass index. IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with body mass index and within schizophrenia patients, with worse mental and physical well-being. Accounting for physical morbidity and mental well-being reduced group differences in TNF-α and IL-6 levels, respectively. Worse positive symptoms were associated with higher IL-6 levels. CONCLUSION Higher TNF-α and IL-6 levels in schizophrenia patients were associated with depression, physical comorbidity, and mental well-being. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to assess inflammation as a potential treatment target for a subgroup of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego
| | - Averria Sirkin Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Center for Healthy Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego
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Nälsén C, Basu S, Wolk A, Vessby B. The importance of dietary antioxidants on plasma antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidationin vivoin middle-aged men. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11026480600717202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nälsén
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Samar Basu
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, The National Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Bengt Vessby
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Basu S. The enigma ofin vivooxidative stress assessment: isoprostanes as an emerging target. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [PMCID: PMC2607004 DOI: 10.1080/17482970701411642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to be one of the major factors behind several acute and chronic diseases, and may also be associated with ageing. Excess formation of free radicals in miscellaneous body environment may originate from endogenous response to cell injury, but also from exposure to a number of exogenous toxins. When the antioxidant defence system is overwhelmed, this leads to cell damage. However, the measurement of free radicals or their endproducts is tricky, since these compounds are reactive and short lived, and have diverse characteristics. Specific evidence for the involvement of free radicals in pathological situations has been difficult to obtain, partly owing to shortcomings in earlier described methods for the measurement of oxidative stress. Isoprostanes, which are prostaglandin-like bioactive compounds synthesized in vivo from oxidation of arachidonic acid, independently of cyclooxygenases, are involved in many human diseases, and their measurement therefore offers a way to assess oxidative stress. Elevated levels of F2-isoprostanes have also been seen in the normal human pregnancy, but their physiological role has not yet been defined. Large amounts of bioactive F2-isoprostanes are excreted in the urine in normal basal situations, with a wide interindividual variation. Their exact role in the regulation of normal physiological functions, however, needs to be explored further. Current understanding suggests that measurement of F2-isoprostanes in body fluids provides a reliable analytical tool to study oxidative stress-related diseases and experimental inflammatory conditions, and also in the evaluation of various dietary antioxidants, as well as drugs with radical-scavenging properties. However, assessment of isoprostanes in plasma or urine does not necessarily reflect any specific tissue damage, nor does it provide information on the oxidation of lipids other than arachidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Xie L, Vance T, Kim B, Lee SG, Caceres C, Wang Y, Hubert PA, Lee JY, Chun OK, Bolling BW. Aronia berry polyphenol consumption reduces plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in former smokers without lowering biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2016; 37:67-77. [PMID: 28215316 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Former smokers are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that dietary aronia polyphenols would reduce biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, inflammation, and oxidative stress in former smokers. We also determined the extent these effects were associated with polyphenol bioavailability. A 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 49 healthy adult former smokers (n = 24/placebo, n = 25/aronia) to evaluate if daily consumption of 500 mg aronia extract modulated plasma lipids, blood pressure, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and lipid transport genes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The primary outcome was change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline, and multivariate correlation analysis was performed to determine if changes in lipids were associated with urinary polyphenol excretion. Aronia consumption reduced fasting plasma total cholesterol by 8% (P = .0140), LDL-C by 11% (P = .0285), and LDL receptor protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P = .0036) at 12 weeks compared with the placebo group. Positive changes in the urinary polyphenol metabolites peonidin-3-O-galactoside, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, and unmetabolized anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were associated with lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C in the aronia group. Aronia consumption did not change blood pressure or biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Aronia polyphenols reduced total and LDL-C in former smokers but did not improve biomarkers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. The cholesterol-lowering activity of aronia extract was most closely associated with urinary levels of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and peonidin-3-O-galactoside, its methylated metabolite. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01541826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Xie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Terrence Vance
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Christian Caceres
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Patrice A Hubert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Feldreich T, Carlsson AC, Risérus U, Larsson A, Lind L, Ärnlöv J. The association between serum cathepsin L and mortality in older adults. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Griffin B, Sherman KA, Jones M, Bayl-Smith P. The clustering of health behaviours in older Australians and its association with physical and psychological status, and sociodemographic indicators. Ann Behav Med 2015; 48:205-14. [PMID: 24500081 PMCID: PMC4212155 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-014-9589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing life expectancies, burgeoning healthcare costs and an emphasis on the management of multiple health-risk behaviours point to a need to delineate health lifestyles in older adults. Purpose The aims of this study were to delineate health lifestyles of a cohort of older adults and to examine the association of these lifestyles with biological and psychological states and socio-economic indices. Methods Cluster analysis was applied to data derived from the self-reported 45 and Up cohort study (N = 96,276) of Australians over 45 years, regarding exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and cancer screening behaviours. Results Six lifestyle clusters emerged delineated by smoking, screening and physical activity levels. Individuals within health-risk dominant clusters were more likely to be male, living alone, low-income earners, living in a deprived neighbourhood, psychologically distressed and experiencing low quality of life. Conclusions Health lifestyle cluster membership can be used to identify older adults at greatest risk for physical and psychological health morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Griffin
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Teeuw WJ, Laine ML, Bizzarro S, Loos BG. A Lead ANRIL Polymorphism Is Associated with Elevated CRP Levels in Periodontitis: A Pilot Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137335. [PMID: 26348353 PMCID: PMC4562619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a marker for systemic inflammation and a risk marker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), and has also been associated with periodontitis. Inter-individual variation for hsCRP in periodontitis has been shown. ANRIL is the strongest genetic susceptibility locus for both periodontitis and ACVD, and it is speculated that genetic variation in ANRIL may modulate inflammatory processes. Therefore, we explored the possible association between hsCRP plasma levels and a leading ANRIL single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in periodontitis patients and controls. 171 healthy subjects with North European descent (115 periodontitis and 56 controls) were included in this case-control study. hsCRP levels were determined and subjects were genotyped for the leading ANRIL SNP rs1333048. In a multivariate analysis, periodontitis, female gender, increasing BMI and homozygosity for the major allele (AA-genotype) of rs1333048 were significantly associated with elevated hsCRP plasma levels (p = 0.012, p = 0.004, p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively). Periodontitis patients with rs1333048 AA-genotype showed higher levels of hsCRP than those carrying the minor C allele (median: 4.5 mg/L vs. 1.6 mg/L, padjusted = 0.007). This study is the first to show that, in addition to gender and BMI, also a leading SNP in ANRIL is explanatory for inter-individual variation in hsCRP levels in periodontitis patients of North European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijnand J. Teeuw
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Marja L. Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sergio Bizzarro
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Effect of water pipe tobacco smoking on plasma high sensitivity C reactive protein level and endothelial function compared to cigarette smoking. Egypt Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Smoking Status Effect on Inflammatory Markers in a Randomized Trial of Current and Former Heavy Smokers. Int J Inflam 2015; 2015:439396. [PMID: 26366318 PMCID: PMC4561108 DOI: 10.1155/2015/439396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The level of systemic inflammation as measured by circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. Methods. We recruited 154 current and former smokers between 40 and 80 years of age with 25 or more pack-years of smoking history to study the relationship between inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6) and smoking status. Results. Our results show that male smokers had significantly higher levels of serum IL-6 compared to male former smokers. We did not find any gender specific differences for smoking and CRP levels but the IL-6 levels were slightly lower in females compared to males. Additionally, our results show that CRP is significantly associated with IL-6 regardless of smoking status. Modelling indicates that the significant predictors of CRP levels were biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome while the significant predictors of IL-6 levels were age and plasma triglycerides among former smokers and the numbers of smoked packs of cigarettes per year among smokers. Conclusions. In conclusion, our study showed that CRP levels were not associated with markers of smoking intensity. However, IL-6 levels were significantly associated with smoking especially among current smokers.
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Azizi A, Sarlati F, Bidi M, Mansouri L, Azaminejad SMM, Rakhshan V. Effects of smoking severity and moderate and severe periodontitis on serum C-reactive protein levels: an age- and gender-matched retrospective cohort study. Biomarkers 2015; 20:306-12. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1068864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Interleukin-6 is a better metabolic biomarker than interleukin-18 in young healthy adults. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:527-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shorter telomere length predicts poorer immunological recovery in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 68:21-9. [PMID: 25321176 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) does not always result in complete CD4 T-cell recovery despite the effective control of HIV replication. Because telomere dysregulation can lead to an abnormal cell proliferation, we hypothesized that the lack of CD4 recovery may be related to telomere defects; We thus evaluated the association between telomere length (TL) and CD4 T-cell recovery 48 weeks after cART initiation in virologically suppressed patients, and its possible relationship to oxidative stress (OS) and nitrosative stress (NOx) markers. METHODS We studied HIV-infected patients on stable cART who achieved a viral load <50 copies per milliliter after 48 weeks of their first cART. Leukocyte TL was measured and categorized into tertiles. We calculated mean increases in CD4 T-cell at 48 weeks from cART initiation and used multivariate linear regression models to estimate differences in mean increases according to tertiles of TL. RESULTS One hundred thirty-two patients, 86% male, 81% <50 years at cART initiation were studied. Mean increases in CD4 were greater in patients with long TL than in those with medium and short TLs (P = 0.007). After adjustment for sex, age, CD4 T-cell counts, viral load, and hepatitis C infection at cART initiation, differences in mean CD4 T-cell count increases according to TL remained statistically significant (P = 0.02). Additional adjustment for NOx and OS did not change the results. CONCLUSION A lower immunological response despite a successful virological response is associated with a shorter TL. The effect is not related to NOx or OS.
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Mlakar P, Salobir B, Čobo N, Strašek J, Prezelj M, Debevc A, Jug B, Terčelj M, Šabovič M. The effect of cardioprotective diet rich with natural antioxidants on chronic inflammation and oxidized LDL during cardiac rehabilitation in patients after acute myocardial infarction. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 7:40-48. [PMID: 28785643 PMCID: PMC5497189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation, the fundamental pathogenetic process of atherosclerosis, can be modified by pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures as a part of secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of our study was to determine the effect of diet, rich with natural antioxidants, added to physical activity (as a part of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program) on inflammatory markers and ox-LDL, a marker of oxidative stress, closely involved in the process of chronic inflammation. METHODS 41 male patients after AMI undergoing CR were divided into a diet group (supervised cardioprotective diet throughout the CR), and control group (CR without diet). We measured hsCRP, leucocytes, neutrophils, IL-6, oxLDL, exercise capacity and classic risk factors before and after CR program. RESULTS Patients from the diet group presented with a significant decline in classic risk factors (BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, TAG) and inflammatory markers (hsCRP, leucocytes, neutrophils) compared to control group. Furthermore, when studying nonsmokers, we observed significant decline of oxLDL in the diet group. CONCLUSIONS The addition of cardioprotective diet, rich with natural antioxidants, to physical activity as a part of a CR program, positively modifies not just classic risk factors and exercise capacity, but also diminishes chronic inflammation markers. These effects, and oxLDL decline were most prominent in nonsmoking patients.
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Key Words
- AMI, acute myocardial infarction
- Acute myocardial infarction
- BMI, body mass index
- BP, blood pressure
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CR, cardiac rehabilitation
- Cardiac rehabilitation
- Cardioprotective diet
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Inflammation
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Oxidized LDL
- Smoking
- TAG, triglycerides
- hsCRP, high sensitivity CRP
- oxLDL, oxidized LDL
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Mlakar
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Salobir
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Janja Strašek
- Health Resort Šmarješke Toplice, Šmarješke Toplice, Slovenia
| | - Marija Prezelj
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Debevc
- Cardial Medical Centre, Zaloška 69, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Jug
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjeta Terčelj
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Zaloška 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Shiels MS, Katki HA, Freedman ND, Purdue MP, Wentzensen N, Trabert B, Kitahara CM, Furr M, Li Y, Kemp TJ, Goedert JJ, Chang CM, Engels EA, Caporaso NE, Pinto LA, Hildesheim A, Chaturvedi AK. Cigarette smoking and variations in systemic immune and inflammation markers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju294. [PMID: 25274579 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive characterization of the effects of cigarette smoke on systemic soluble immune/inflammatory markers may provide insight into the mechanisms through which smoking causes disease. METHODS Levels of 78 inflammation, immune, and metabolic markers were measured using multiplex immune assays in 1819 Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) participants aged 55 to 74 years from three existing nested case-control studies. These data were made representative of the entire PLCO screening arm through reweighting with weights estimated in logistic regression models. We assessed associations between smoking status, cigarettes smoked per day, and time since quitting with dichotomized marker levels using adjusted weighted logistic regression models. RESULTS Current smoking was associated with 10 inflammation markers after correcting for multiple testing, encompassing several components of the immune/inflammation response. Levels of seven of these markers (interleukin [IL]-15, IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-16, stem cell factor, soluble interleukin 6 receptor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3) were lower among current smokers (n = 414) when compared with never smokers (n = 548), with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.44 to 0.27, while levels of CC motif ligand (CCL)/thymus and activation regulated chemokine (CCL17/TARC) (OR = 4.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.01 to 8.25), CCL11/EOTAXIN (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.45 to 4.55), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.29 to 4.98) were elevated. These markers were not associated with cigarettes per day among current smokers, but there were trends in IL-15, IL-1RA, IL-1β, CCL17/TARC, CCL11/EOTAXIN, and CRP levels across categories of years since quitting smoking. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is associated with a broad range of alterations in systemic immune and inflammation marker levels among older, long-term smokers. Smoking cessation may result in marker levels reverting back to those of never smokers over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC).
| | - Hormuzd A Katki
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Michael Furr
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Troy J Kemp
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Cindy M Chang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
| | - Anil K Chaturvedi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (MSS, HAK, NDF, MPP, NW, BT, CMK, JJG, EAE, NEC, AH, ANK); Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD (MF); Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (YL); Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, LAP); Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD (CMC)
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Durazzo TC, Mattsson N, Weiner MW, Korecka M, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM. History of cigarette smoking in cognitively-normal elders is associated with elevated cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of oxidative stress. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 142:262-8. [PMID: 25037769 PMCID: PMC4144023 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking in adults is associated with abnormalities in brain neurobiology. Smoking-induced central nervous system oxidative stress (OxS) is a potential mechanism associated with these abnormalities. The goal of this study was to compare cognitively-normal elders on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of F2-isoprostane biomarkers of OxS. METHODS Elders with a lifetime history of smoking (smokers; n=50; 75±5 years of age; 34±28 pack-years; approximately 12% were actively smoking at the time of study) were compared to never-smokers (n=61; 76±6 years of age) on CSF iPF2α-III and 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI F2-isoprostanes levels. F2-isoprostanes levels were quantitated with HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between F2-isoprostanes levels, hippocampal volumes, and cigarette exposure measures were also evaluated. RESULTS Smokers showed higher iPF2α-III level than never-smokers. An age×smoking status interaction was observed for 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI, where smokers demonstrate a significantly greater concentration with increasing age than never-smokers. In smokers only, higher 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI concentration was associated with smaller hippocampal volume, and greater iPF2α-III level was related to greater pack years. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that a history of cigarette smoking in cognitively-normal elders was associated with significantly elevated CSF F2-isoprostane levels and greater age-related increases in F2-isoprostanes, and that higher F2-isoprostane levels in smokers were related to smaller hippocampal volume. These findings provide additional novel evidence that a history of chronic smoking during adulthood is associated with adverse effects on the human brain that are potentially enduring even with extended smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Durazzo
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Magdalena Korecka
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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The effects of weight gain after smoking cessation on atherogenic α1-antitrypsin-low-density lipoprotein. Heart Vessels 2014; 30:734-9. [PMID: 25086816 PMCID: PMC4648963 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although cardiovascular risks decrease after quitting smoking, body weight often increases in the early period after smoking cessation. We have previously reported that the serum level of the α1-antitrypsin–low-density lipoprotein complex (AT–LDL)—an oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein that accelerates atherosclerosis—is high in current smokers, and that the level rapidly decreases after smoking cessation. However, the effects of weight gain after smoking cessation on this cardiovascular marker are unknown. In 183 outpatients (134 males, 49 females) who had successfully quit smoking, serum AT–LDL levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For all persons who had successfully quit smoking, body mass index (BMI) significantly increased 12 weeks after the first examination (p < 0.01). Among patients with a BMI increase smaller than the median, a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in serum AT–LDL values was found, but no significant changes in serum AT–LDL values were found in patients with a BMI increase greater than the median. The findings suggest that the decrease in serum AT–LDL levels after quitting smoking is influenced by weight gain after smoking cessation.
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Shinto L, Quinn J, Montine T, Dodge HH, Woodward W, Baldauf-Wagner S, Waichunas D, Bumgarner L, Bourdette D, Silbert L, Kaye J. A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial of omega-3 fatty acids and alpha lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 38:111-20. [PMID: 24077434 PMCID: PMC3886557 DOI: 10.3233/jad-130722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased cholesterol levels are all mechanisms that have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Several epidemiologic studies have reported a decreased risk of AD with fish consumption. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids alone (ω-3) or omega-3 plus alpha lipoic acid (ω-3 + LA) compared to placebo on oxidative stress biomarkers in AD. The primary outcome measure was peripheral F2-isoprostane levels (oxidative stress measure). Secondary outcome measures included performance on: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL/IADL), and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). Thirty-nine AD subjects were randomized to one of three groups: 1) placebo, 2) ω-3, or 3) ω-3 + LA for a treatment duration of 12 months. Eighty seven percent (34/39) of the subjects completed the 12-month intervention. There was no difference between groups at 12 months in peripheral F2-isoprostane levels (p = 0.83). The ω-3 + LA and ω-3 were not significantly different than the placebo group in ADAS-cog (p = 0.98, p = 0.86) and in ADL (p = 0.15, p = 0.82). Compared to placebo, the ω-3 + LA showed less decline in MMSE (p < 0.01) and IADL (p = 0.01) and the ω-3 group showed less decline in IADL (p < 0.01). The combination of ω-3 + LA slowed cognitive and functional decline in AD over 12 months. Because the results were generated from a small sample size, further evaluation of the combination of omega-3 fatty acids plus alpha-lipoic acid as a potential treatment in AD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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The association between smoking quantity and hypertension mediated by inflammation in Chinese current smokers. J Hypertens 2014; 31:1798-805. [PMID: 24036901 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328362c21a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies indicated that cigarette smokers were more likely to develop hypertension, and both smoking and hypertension were associated with inflammation. Whether inflammation mediates the relationship of them is unclear. This study aims to examine whether inflammation mediates the association between smoking and hypertension. METHODS Nine hundred and eighty-four Chinese current smokers from a community-based chronic diseases survey in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were interviewed about sociodemographics, smoking, chronic conditions, and other health-related variables. Hypertension was defined according to 2007 European Society of Hypertension and European Society of Cardiology (ESH-ESC) Practice Guidelines. Inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured by flow cytometry. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the mediation of inflammation on the relationship between smoking quantity and hypertension. RESULTS We observed a positive association between smoking quantity and hypertension (P<0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, daily cigarette consumption was significantly associated with higher level of CRP and VCAM-1 and lower level of TNF-α among six measured inflammatory markers, and the current smokers with hypertension had significantly higher level of MCP-1 and CRP than those smokers who were normotensive. Furthermore, the association between smoking quantity and hypertension was mediated by CRP, which accounted for 58.59% of the estimated causal effect of smoking on hypertension. CONCLUSION We have confirmed previous observations that smoking quantity was positively associated with hypertension, and the results of our study suggested that the association between smoking and hypertension was probably mediated by CRP.
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Witasp A, Carrero JJ, Michaëlsson K, Ahlström H, Kullberg J, Adamsson V, Risérus U, Larsson A, Helmersson-Karlqvist J, Lind L, Stenvinkel P, Arnlöv J. Inflammatory biomarker pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in relation to obesity, body fat depots and weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1373-9. [PMID: 24415446 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relation between inflammatory markers, adiposity and disease is under extensive study. Here we tested the hypothesis that the immunomodulatory protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with adiposity in the general population. METHODS Serum PTX3 concentrations, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat depots, as quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, were assessed in three community-based cohorts: ULSAM, n = 790, mean age 78 years; PIVUS, n = 1003, mean age 70 years, women 50%; and the NORDIET-trial, n = 86, mean age 53 years, women 63%. Participants were re-examined after 5 years (PIVUS, n = 804) or following a 6-week randomized controlled dietary intervention (NORDIET). RESULTS PTX3 levels were inversely associated with BMI and WC as well as with total and visceral fat (P < 0.05 for all; adjusted for age, inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors). The association between PTX3 and BMI appeared even stronger in nonobese individuals. A decrease in BMI over 5 years as well as weight loss following the NORDIET intervention were associated with increased serum PTX3 concentrations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These consistent data support an inverse association between circulating PTX3 and anthropometrical measures, calling for further mechanistic studies of the link between PTX3 and fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rossi C, Santini E, Chiarugi M, Salvati A, Comassi M, Vitolo E, Madec S, Solini A. The complex P2X7 receptor/inflammasome in perivascular fat tissue of heavy smokers. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:295-302. [PMID: 24372548 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking is a recognized cardiovascular risk factor. Perivascular visceral adipose tissue (PVAT) is a source of inflammatory molecules, thus contributing to atherosclerosis progression. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7 R)-inflammasome complex, crucial in determining IL-1β and IL-18 release, participates in this scenario. We evaluated whether smoking might affect the PVAT inflammatory phenotype and explored the putative role of the axis P2X7 R-inflammasome in this picture. SUBJECTS AND METHODS TNFα, IL-6, RBP4, MCP-1, as well as P2X7 R and inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β and IL-18 expression was determined in adipocytes isolated by PVAT of healthy smokers (Smok) and nonsmokers (No-Smok) subjects. Plasma and culture medium levels of these cytokines were also determined. RESULTS Perivascular adipose tissue of Smok had a higher expression of P2X7 R and inflammasome components; via P2X7 R activation, it released more IL-1β and IL-18, whose serum levels were also higher in Smok than in No-Smok. Linear correlations of NLRP3 with P2X7 R and IL-18 expression and release emerged. Smok also had a higher PVAT expression of the chemotactic factor MCP-1. However, no difference was observed in the PVAT expression of genes more strictly related to insulin resistance, like TNFα, RBP4, IL-6; this was coupled with similar plasma levels of TNFα and RBP4 in the two groups. CONCLUSION Smoking contributes to the pro-inflammatory status of the PVAT by enhancing expression and activity of the P2X7 R-inflammasome complex; the effect on adipocytokines more related to insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities appears trivial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Feng D, Liu T, Wang H, Karp E, Ling W, Chen WQ. Mediation role of C-reactive protein on the association between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes in current Chinese smokers. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:171538. [PMID: 25105149 PMCID: PMC4106084 DOI: 10.1155/2014/171538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have indicated that cigarette smokers are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and that both smoking and type 2 diabetes are associated with C-reactive protein (CRP). This study examined whether CRP mediates the association between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Nine hundred and eighty-four current Chinese smokers were selected from a community-based chronic disease survey conducted in Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to the WHO 1999 criteria. CRP was measured with flow cytometry. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the mediation. RESULTS A positive association was observed between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, daily cigarette consumption was significantly associated with higher CRP levels. Current smokers with type 2 diabetes had higher CRP levels than smokers without type 2 diabetes. The association between the smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes was mediated by CRP, which accounted for 50.77% of the association. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence that smoking quantity is positively associated with type 2 diabetes and suggests that the association between smoking and type 2 diabetes might be mediated by CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Northern Campus, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Northern Campus, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Emma Karp
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Northern Campus, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Northern Campus, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
- *Wei-Qing Chen:
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