1
|
Luciani L, Pedrelli M, Parini P. Modification of lipoprotein metabolism and function driving atherogenesis in diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117545. [PMID: 38688749 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by raised blood glucose levels and impaired lipid metabolism resulting from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. In diabetes, the peculiar plasma lipoprotein phenotype, consisting in higher levels of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of HDL cholesterol, elevated number of small, dense LDL, and increased non-HDL cholesterol, results from an increased synthesis and impaired clearance of triglyceride rich lipoproteins. This condition accelerates the development of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the most common cause of death in T2DM patients. Here, we review the alteration of structure, functions, and distribution of circulating lipoproteins and the pathophysiological mechanisms that induce these modifications in T2DM. The review analyzes the influence of diabetes-associated metabolic imbalances throughout the entire process of the atherosclerotic plaque formation, from lipoprotein synthesis to potential plaque destabilization. Addressing the different pathophysiological mechanisms, we suggest improved approaches for assessing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and clinical strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in T2DM and cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Luciani
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tindall CA, Möhlis K, Rapöhn I, Dommel S, Riedl V, Schneekönig M, Höfling C, Roßner S, Stichel J, Beck-Sickinger AG, Weiner J, Heiker JT. LRP1 is the cell-surface endocytosis receptor for vaspin in adipocytes. FEBS J 2024; 291:2134-2154. [PMID: 37921063 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaspin is a serine protease inhibitor that protects against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, two key drivers of adipocyte dysfunction and metabolic disorders in obesity. Inhibition of target proteases such as KLK7 has been shown to reduce adipose tissue inflammation in obesity, while vaspin binding to cell surface GRP78 has been linked to reduced obesity-induced ER stress and insulin resistance in the liver. However, the molecular mechanisms by which vaspin directly affects cellular processes in adipocytes remain unknown. Using fluorescently labeled vaspin, we found that vaspin is rapidly internalized by mouse and human adipocytes, but less efficiently by endothelial, kidney, liver, and neuronal cells. Internalization occurs by active, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is dependent on vaspin binding to the LRP1 receptor, rather than GRP78 as previously thought. This was demonstrated by competition experiments and RNAi-mediated knock-down in adipocytes and by rescuing vaspin internalization in LRP1-deficient Pea13 cells after transfection with a functional LRP1 minireceptor. Vaspin internalization is further increased in mature adipocytes after insulin-stimulated translocation of LRP1. Although vaspin has nanomolar affinity for LRP1 clusters II-IV, binding to cell surface heparan sulfates is required for efficient LRP1-mediated internalization. Native, but not cleaved vaspin, and also vaspin polymers are efficiently endocytosed, and ultimately targeted for lysosomal degradation. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the uptake and degradation of vaspin in adipocytes, thereby broadening our understanding of its functional repertoire. We hypothesize the vaspin-LRP1 axis to be an important mediator of vaspin effects not only in adipose tissue but also in other LRP1-expressing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Tindall
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Möhlis
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dommel
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronika Riedl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schneekönig
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Höfling
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Stichel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zelicha H, Yang J, Henning SM, Huang J, Lee RP, Thames G, Livingston EH, Heber D, Li Z. Effect of cinnamon spice on continuously monitored glycemic response in adults with prediabetes: a 4-week randomized controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:649-657. [PMID: 38290699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies showing that cinnamon spice lowers blood glucose concentrations had inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of daily cinnamon spice supplementation in an amount commonly used for seasoning on glucose concentrations in adults with obesity and prediabetes. METHODS Following a 2-wk run-in period of maintaining a low polyphenol/fiber diet, 18 participants with obesity and prediabetes underwent a 10-wk randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial (mean age 51.1 y; mean fasting plasma glucose 102.9 mg/dL). The participants were randomly assigned to take cinnamon (4 g/d) or placebo for 4-wk, followed by a 2-wk washout period, and then crossed over to the other intervention for an additional 4-wk. Glucose changes were measured with continuous glucose monitoring. Oral glucose tolerance testing immediately following ingestion of cinnamon or placebo was performed at 4-time points to assess their acute effects both at the baseline and end of each intervention phase. Digestive symptom logs were obtained daily. RESULTS There were 694 follow-up days with 66,624 glucose observations. When compared with placebo, 24-h glucose concentrations were significantly lower when cinnamon was administered [mixed-models; effect size (ES) = 0.96; 95 % confidence interval (CI): -2.9, -1.5; P < 0.001]. Similarly, the mean net-area-under-the-curve (netAUC) for glucose was significantly lower than for placebo when cinnamon was given (over 24 h; ES = -0.66; 95 % CI: 2501.7, 5412.1, P = 0.01). Cinnamon supplementation resulted in lower glucose peaks compared with placebo (Δpeak 9.56 ± 9.1 mg/dL compared with 11.73 ± 8.0 mg/dL; ES = -0.57; 95 % CI: 0.8, 3.7, P = 0.027). Glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide concentrations increased during oral glucose tolerance testing + cinnamon testing (mixed-models; ES = 0.51; 95 % CI: 1.56, 100.1, P = 0.04), whereas triglyceride concentrations decreased (mixed-models; ES = 0.55; 95 % CI: -16.0, -1.6, P = 0.02). Treatment adherence was excellent in both groups (cinnamon: 97.6 ± 3.4 % compared with placebo: 97.9 ± 3.7 %; ES = -0.15; 95 % CI: -1.8, 0.2, P = 0.5). No differences were found in digestive symptoms (abdominal pain, borborygmi, bloating, excess flatus, and stools/day) between cinnamon and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Cinnamon, a widely available and low-cost supplement, may contribute to better glucose control when added to the diet in people who have obesity-related prediabetes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04342624.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Zelicha
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jieping Yang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Gail Thames
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Edward H Livingston
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Heber
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matsuura H, Akahane S, Kaido T, Kamijo T, Sakamoto K, Yamauchi K. Apolipoprotein E isoforms and their Cys-thiol modifications impact LRP1-mediated metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:347-362. [PMID: 38279679 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP)1 participates in the metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) E-containing lipoproteins (apoE-LP). We investigated the effects of modifications of cysteine (Cys)-thiol of apoE on LRP1-mediated metabolism. Among the three isoforms, apoE2-LP exhibited the lowest affinity for LRP1 but was significantly catabolized, whereas apoE4-LP was sufficiently bound to LRP1 but showed the lowest catabolic capability. The reduction enhanced the binding and suppressed the catabolism of apoE3-LP, but had no effect on apoE2-LP. The formation of disulfide-linked complexes with apoAII suppressed binding, but enhanced the catabolism of apoE2-LP. Redox modifications of apoE-Cys-thiol may modulate the LRP1-mediated metabolism of apoE2- or apoE3-LP, but not apoE4-LP. The failure of this function may be involved in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Akahane
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kaido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomu Kamijo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Sakamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yanai H, Adachi H, Hakoshima M, Katsuyama H. Postprandial Hyperlipidemia: Its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Atherogenesis, and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13942. [PMID: 37762244 PMCID: PMC10530470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperlipidemia showing postprandial increases in serum triglyceride (TG) is associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To diagnose postprandial hyperlipidemia, the oral fat loading test (OFLT) should be performed; however, this test is very time-consuming and is difficult to perform. Elevated serum TG levels reflect an increase in TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), such as chylomicrons (CM), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and their remnants (CM remnants [CMRs] and VLDL remnants [VLDLRs]). Understanding of elevation in CMR and/or VLDLR can lead us to understand the existence of postprandial hyperlipidemia. The measurement of apo B48, which is a constituent of CM and CMR; non-fasting TG, which includes TG content in all lipoproteins including CM and CMR; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), which includes TRLs and low-density lipoprotein; and remnant cholesterol are useful to reveal the existence of postprandial hyperlipidemia. Postprandial hyperlipidemia is observed in patients with familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Postprandial hyperlipidemia is closely related to postprandial hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance may be an inducing and enhancing factor for both postprandial hyperlipidemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. Remnant lipoproteins and metabolic disorders associated with postprandial hyperlipidemia have various atherogenic properties such as induction of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. A healthy diet, calorie restriction, weight loss, and exercise positively impact postprandial hyperlipidemia. Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs such pemafibrate, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, ezetimibe, and eicosapentaenoic acid have been shown to improve postprandial hyperlipidemia. Anti-diabetic drugs including metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, pioglitazone, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues have been shown to ameliorate postprandial hyperlipidemia. Although sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have not been proven to reduce postprandial hyperlipidemia, they reduced fasting apo B48 and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol. In conclusion, it is important to appropriately understand the existence of postprandial hyperlipidemia and to connect it to optimal treatments. However, there are some problems with the diagnosis for postprandial hyperlipidemia. Postprandial hyperlipidemia cannot be specifically defined by measures such as TG levels 2 h after a meal. To study interventions for postprandial hyperlipidemia with the outcome of preventing the onset of ASCVD, it is necessary to define postprandial hyperlipidemia using reference values such as IGT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan; (H.A.); (M.H.); (H.K.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sinari S, Koska J, Hu Y, Furtado J, Jensen MK, Budoff MJ, Nedelkov D, McClelland RL, Billheimer D, Reaven P. Apo CIII Proteoforms, Plasma Lipids, and Cardiovascular Risk in MESA. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1560-1571. [PMID: 37317850 PMCID: PMC10516344 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apo CIII (apolipoprotein CIII) is an important regulator of triglyceride metabolism and was associated with cardiovascular risk in several cohorts. It is present in 4 major proteoforms, a native peptide (CIII0a), and glycosylated proteoforms with zero (CIII0b), 1 (CIII1, most abundant), or 2 (CIII2) sialic acids, which may differentially modify lipoprotein metabolism. We studied the relationships of these proteoforms with plasma lipids and cardiovascular risk. METHODS Apo CIII proteoforms were measured by mass spectrometry immunoassay in baseline plasma samples of 5791 participants of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, an observational community-based cohort. Standard plasma lipids were collected for up to 16 years and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or stroke) were adjudicated for up to 17 years. RESULTS Apo CIII proteoform composition differed by age, sex, race and ethnicity, body mass index, and fasting glucose. Notably, CIII1 was lower in older participants, men and Black and Chinese (versus White) participants, and higher in obesity and diabetes. In contrast, CIII2 was higher in older participants, men, Black, and Chinese persons, and lower in Hispanic individuals and obesity. Higher CIII2 to CIII1 ratio (CIII2/III1) was associated with lower triglycerides and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein) in cross-sectional and longitudinal models, independently of clinical and demographic risk factors and total apo CIII. The associations of CIII0a/III1 and CIII0b/III1 with plasma lipids were weaker and varied through cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Total apo CIII and CIII2/III1 were positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk (n=669 events, hazard ratios, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04-1.25] and 1.21 [1.11-1.31], respectively); however, the associations were attenuated after adjustment for clinical and demographic characteristics (1.07 [0.98-1.16]; 1.07 [0.97-1.17]). In contrast, CIII0b/III1 was inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk even after full adjustment including plasma lipids (0.86 [0.79-0.93]). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate differences in clinical and demographic relationships of apo CIII proteoforms, and highlight the importance of apo CIII proteoform composition in predicting future lipid patterns and cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shripad Sinari
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Jeremy Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Torrance, CA
| | | | | | - Dean Billheimer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Peter Reaven
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schwarz MM, Ganaie SS, Feng A, Brown G, Yangdon T, White JM, Hoehl RM, McMillen CM, Rush RE, Connors KA, Cui X, Leung DW, Egawa T, Amarasinghe GK, Hartman AL. Lrp1 is essential for lethal Rift Valley fever hepatic disease in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2264. [PMID: 37450601 PMCID: PMC10348670 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging arbovirus found in Africa. While RVFV is pantropic and infects many cells and tissues, viral replication and necrosis within the liver play a critical role in mediating severe disease. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1) is a recently identified host factor for cellular entry and infection by RVFV. The biological significance of Lrp1, including its role in hepatic disease in vivo, however, remains to be determined. Because Lrp1 has a high expression level in hepatocytes, we developed a mouse model in which Lrp1 is specifically deleted in hepatocytes to test how the absence of liver Lrp1 expression affects RVF pathogenesis. Mice lacking Lrp1 expression in hepatocytes showed minimal RVFV replication in the liver, longer time to death, and altered clinical signs toward neurological disease. In contrast, RVFV infection levels in other tissues showed no difference between the two genotypes. Therefore, Lrp1 is essential for RVF hepatic disease in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M. Schwarz
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Safder S. Ganaie
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Feng
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Griffin Brown
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tenzin Yangdon
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J. Michael White
- Transgenic, Knockout and Micro-Injection Core, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan M. Hoehl
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia M. McMillen
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachael E. Rush
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kaleigh A. Connors
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy L. Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Geest B, Mishra M. New Perspectives on Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11298. [PMID: 37511058 PMCID: PMC10379683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals, cholesterol is an essential component of every cellular membrane and is required for cell membrane integrity [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vos DY, Wijers M, Smit M, Huijkman N, Kloosterhuis NJ, Wolters JC, Tissink JJ, Pronk ACM, Kooijman S, Rensen PCN, Kuivenhoven JA, van de Sluis B. Cargo-Specific Role for Retriever Subunit VPS26C in Hepatocyte Lipoprotein Receptor Recycling to Control Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e29-e45. [PMID: 36353989 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The copper metabolism MURR1 domains/coiled-coil domain containing 22/coiled-coil domain containing 93 (CCC) complex is required for the transport of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and LRP1 (LDLR-related protein 1) from endosomes to the cell surface of hepatocytes. Impaired functioning of hepatocytic CCC causes hypercholesterolemia in mice, dogs, and humans. Retriever, a protein complex consisting of subunits VPS26C, VPS35L, and VPS29, is associated with CCC, but its role in endosomal lipoprotein receptor transport is unclear. We here investigated the contribution of retriever to hepatocytic lipoprotein receptor recycling and plasma lipids regulation. METHODS Using somatic CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated liver-specific VPS35L or VPS26C-deficient mice. We determined total and surface levels of LDLR and LRP1 and plasma lipids. In addition, we studied the protein levels and composition of CCC and retriever. RESULTS Hepatocyte VPS35L deficiency reduced VPS26C levels but had minimal impact on CCC composition. VPS35L deletion decreased hepatocytic surface expression of LDLR and LRP1, accompanied by a 21% increase in plasma cholesterol levels. Hepatic VPS26C ablation affected neither levels of VPS35L and CCC subunits, nor plasma lipid concentrations. However, VPS26C deficiency increased hepatic LDLR protein levels by 2-fold, probably compensating for reduced LRP1 functioning, as we showed in VPS26C-deficient hepatoma cells. Upon PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9)-mediated LDLR elimination, VPS26C ablation delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance and increased plasma triglyceride levels by 26%. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that VPS35L is shared between retriever and CCC to facilitate LDLR and LRP1 transport from endosomes to the cell surface. Conversely, retriever subunit VPS26C selectively transports LRP1, but not LDLR, and thereby may control hepatic uptake of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dyonne Y Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Melinde Wijers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Nicolette Huijkman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Joël J Tissink
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany. Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (J.J.T.).,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany (J.J.T.)
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.C.M.P., S.K., P.C.N.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (D.Y.V., M.W., M.S., N.H., N.J.K., J.C.W., J.AK., B.v.d.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meszaros M, Bikov A. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Lipid Metabolism: The Summary of Evidence and Future Perspectives in the Pathophysiology of OSA-Associated Dyslipidaemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2754. [PMID: 36359273 PMCID: PMC9687681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Strong evidence suggests that OSA is associated with an altered lipid profile including elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Intermittent hypoxia; sleep fragmentation; and consequential surges in the sympathetic activity, enhanced oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are the postulated mechanisms leading to metabolic alterations in OSA. Although the exact mechanisms of OSA-associated dyslipidaemia have not been fully elucidated, three main points have been found to be impaired: activated lipolysis in the adipose tissue, decreased lipid clearance from the circulation and accelerated de novo lipid synthesis. This is further complicated by the oxidisation of atherogenic lipoproteins, adipose tissue dysfunction, hormonal changes, and the reduced function of HDL particles in OSA. In this comprehensive review, we summarise and critically evaluate the current evidence about the possible mechanisms involved in OSA-associated dyslipidaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9MT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Z, Andraska E, Akinbode D, Mars W, Alvidrez RIM. LRP1 in the Vascular Wall. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-022-00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Deletion of LDLRAP1 Induces Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation, Insulin Resistance, and Dysregulated Insulin Response in Adipose Tissue. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1092-1108. [PMID: 35460615 PMCID: PMC9253916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, vascular inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance often overlap and exacerbate each other. Mutations in low density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein-1 (LDLRAP1) lead to LDLR malfunction and are associated with the autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia disorder in humans. However, direct causality on atherogenesis in a defined preclinical model has not been reported. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that deletion of LDLRAP1 will lead to hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis. LDLRAP1-/- mice fed a high-fat Western diet had significantly increased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations accompanied with significantly increased plaque burden compared with wild-type controls. Unexpectedly, LDLRAP1-/- mice gained significantly more weight compared with controls. Even on a chow diet, LDLRAP1-/- mice were insulin-resistant, and calorimetric studies suggested an altered metabolic profile. The study showed that LDLRAP1 is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue, and LDLRAP1-/- adipocytes are significantly larger, have reduced glucose uptake and AKT phosphorylation, but have increased CD36 expression. Visceral adipose tissue from LDLRAP1-/- mice was hypoxic and had gene expression signatures of dysregulated lipid storage and energy homeostasis. These data are the first to indicate that lack of LDLRAP1 directly leads to atherosclerosis in mice and also plays an unanticipated metabolic regulatory role in adipose tissue. LDLRAP1 may link atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia with common comorbidities of obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ameka M, Hasty AH. Paying the Iron Price: Liver Iron Homeostasis and Metabolic Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3641-3663. [PMID: 35766833 PMCID: PMC10155403 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal element whose bioavailability is tightly regulated. Under normal conditions, systemic and cellular iron homeostases are synchronized for optimal function, based on the needs of each system. During metabolic dysfunction, this synchrony is lost, and markers of systemic iron homeostasis are no longer coupled to the iron status of key metabolic organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. The effects of dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome in the liver have been tied to hepatic insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. While the existence of a relationship between iron dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction has long been acknowledged, identifying correlative relationships is complicated by the prognostic reliance on systemic measures of iron homeostasis. What is lacking and perhaps more informative is an understanding of how cellular iron homeostasis changes with metabolic dysfunction. This article explores bidirectional relationships between different proteins involved in iron homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction in the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3641-3663, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou AL, Sharda N, Sarma VV, Ahlschwede KM, Curran GL, Tang X, Poduslo JF, Kalari KR, Lowe VJ, Kandimalla KK. Age-Dependent Changes in the Plasma and Brain Pharmacokinetics of Amyloid-β Peptides and Insulin. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 85:1031-1044. [PMID: 34924382 PMCID: PMC10846947 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is the most common risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the hallmarks of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Moreover, sub-physiological brain insulin levels have emerged as a pathological manifestation of AD. OBJECTIVE Identify age-related changes in the plasma disposition and blood-brain barrier (BBB) trafficking of Aβ peptides and insulin in mice. METHODS Upon systemic injection of 125I-Aβ40, 125I-Aβ42, or 125I-insulin, the plasma pharmacokinetics and brain influx were assessed in wild-type (WT) or AD transgenic (APP/PS1) mice at various ages. Additionally, publicly available single-cell RNA-Seq data [GSE129788] was employed to investigate pathways regulating BBB transport in WT mice at different ages. RESULTS The brain influx of 125I-Aβ40, estimated as the permeability-surface area product, decreased with age, accompanied by an increase in plasma AUC. In contrast, the brain influx of 125I-Aβ42 increased with age, accompanied by a decrease in plasma AUC. The age-dependent changes observed in WT mice were accelerated in APP/PS1 mice. As seen with 125I-Aβ40, the brain influx of 125I-insulin decreased with age in WT mice, accompanied by an increase in plasma AUC. This finding was further supported by dynamic single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging studies. RAGE and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways at the BBB, which are implicated in Aβ and insulin transcytosis, respectively, were upregulated with age in WT mice, indicating BBB insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Aging differentially affects the plasma pharmacokinetics and brain influx of Aβ isoforms and insulin in a manner that could potentially augment AD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nidhi Sharda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vidur V. Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristen M. Ahlschwede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Geoffry L. Curran
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph F. Poduslo
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krishna R. Kalari
- Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karunya K. Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Albreiki MS, Middleton B, Hampton SM. The effect of melatonin on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles after a late evening meal in healthy young males. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12770. [PMID: 34582575 PMCID: PMC9285903 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The suppression of melatonin by light at night (LAN) has been associated with a disruption of SCN function and biological processes. This study aimed to explore the impact of melatonin on glucose and lipid metabolism before and after a late evening meal. Nine healthy male participants (26 ± 1.3 years, BMI 24.8 ± 0.8 kg/m2 (mean ± SD) were randomly categorised into a three-way cross-over design protocol: light (>500 lux) (LS), dark (<5 lux) + exogenous melatonin (DSC) and light (>500 lux) + exogenous melatonin (LSC). All participants were awake in a semi-recumbent position during each clinical session, which started at 18 00 h and ended at 06:00 h the following day. The meal times were individualised according to melatonin onset estimated from the participants' 48-h sequential urine collection. The administration of exogenous melatonin was conducted 90 min before the evening meal. Saliva and plasma samples were collected at specific time points to analyse the glucose, insulin, NEFAs, TAGs, cortisol and melatonin levels. Participants demonstrated a significant reduction in postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and TAGs levels in the presence of melatonin (LSC and DSC) compared to LS (p = .002, p = .02 and p = .007, respectively). Pre-prandial plasma NEFAs were significantly lower in LS than DSC and LSC as melatonin rose (p < .001). Exogenous melatonin administrated before an evening test meal improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and reduced postprandial TAGs. This study could have implications for shift workers who may have lower melatonin levels at night due to light suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Albreiki
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Centre for Chronobiology, School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Center for BiotechnologyKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Benita Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Centre for Chronobiology, School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Shelagh M. Hampton
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Centre for Chronobiology, School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shimizu-Albergine M, Basu D, Kanter JE, Kramer F, Kothari V, Barnhart S, Thornock C, Mullick AE, Clouet-Foraison N, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Hegele RA, Goldberg IJ, Bornfeldt KE. CREBH normalizes dyslipidemia and halts atherosclerosis in diabetes by decreasing circulating remnant lipoproteins. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e153285. [PMID: 34491909 DOI: 10.1172/jci153285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the transcription factor CREB3L3 (CREBH) associate with severe hypertriglyceridemia in humans. CREBH is believed to lower plasma triglycerides by augmenting the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). However, by using a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), we found that greater liver expression of active CREBH normalized both elevated plasma triglycerides and cholesterol. Residual triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants were enriched in apolipoprotein E (APOE) and impoverished in APOC3, an apolipoprotein composition indicative of increased hepatic clearance. The underlying mechanism was independent of LPL as CREBH reduced both triglycerides and cholesterol in LPL-deficient mice. Instead, APOE was critical for CREBH's ability to lower circulating remnant lipoproteins because it failed to reduce TRL cholesterol in Apoe-/- mice. Importantly, humans with CREB3L3 loss-of-function mutations exhibited increased levels of remnant lipoproteins that were deprived of APOE. Recent evidence suggests that impaired clearance of TRL remnants promotes cardiovascular disease in patients with T1DM. Consistently, we found that hepatic expression of CREBH prevented the progression of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Our results support the proposal that CREBH acts through an APOE-dependent pathway to increase hepatic clearance of remnant lipoproteins. They also implicate elevated levels of remnants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Debapriya Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Carissa Thornock
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Adam E Mullick
- Cardiovascular Disease Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, United States of America
| | | | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Y, Wang Y, Yao Y, Lyu J, Qiao Q, Mao J, Xu Z, Ye M. Rapid Enzyme-Mediated Biotinylation for Cell Surface Proteome Profiling. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4542-4551. [PMID: 33660993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface is the primary site for sensing extracellular stimuli. The knowledge of the transient changes on the surfaceome upon a perturbation is very important as the initial changed proteins could be driving molecules for some phenotype. In this study, we report a fast cell surface labeling strategy based on peroxidase-mediated oxidative tyrosine coupling strategy, enabling efficient and selective cell surface labeling within seconds. With a labeling time of 1 min, 2684 proteins, including 1370 (51%) cell surface-annotated proteins (cell surface/plasma membrane/extracellular), 732 transmembrane proteins, and 81 cluster of differentiation antigens, were identified from HeLa cells. By comparison with the negative control experiment using quantitative proteomics, 500 (68%) out of the 731 significantly enriched proteins (p-value < 0.05, ≥2-fold) in positive experimental samples were cell surface-annotated proteins. Finally, this technology was applied to track the dynamic changes of the surfaceome upon insulin stimulation at two time points (5 min and 2 h) in HepG2 cells. Thirty-two proteins, including INSR, CTNNB1, TFRC, IGF2R, and SORT1, were found to be significantly regulated (p-value < 0.01, ≥1.5-fold) after insulin exposure by different mechanisms. We envision that this technique could be a powerful tool to analyze the transient changes of the surfaceome with a good time resolution and to delineate the temporal and spatial regulation of cellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yating Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiawen Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiawei Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deprince A, Haas JT, Staels B. Dysregulated lipid metabolism links NAFLD to cardiovascular disease. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101092. [PMID: 33010471 PMCID: PMC7600388 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a global health problem. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and CVD share several common risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients. Scope of review In this review, we highlight recent epidemiological studies evaluating the link between NAFLD and CVD risk. We further focus on recent mechanistic insights into the links between NAFLD and altered lipoprotein metabolism. We also discuss current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and their potential impact on NAFLD-associated CVD risk. Major conclusions Alterations in hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are major contributing factors to the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients, and many promising NASH therapies in development also improve dyslipidemia in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Deprince
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176275. [PMID: 32872570 PMCID: PMC7503727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 924] [Impact Index Per Article: 231.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease. This review analyzes the key aspects of T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in insulin metabolism leading to T2DM and insulin resistance. For that purpose, we summarize the data gathered up until now, focusing especially on insulin synthesis, insulin release, insulin sensing and on the downstream effects on individual insulin-sensitive organs. The review also covers the pathological conditions perpetuating T2DM such as nutritional factors, physical activity, gut dysbiosis and metabolic memory. Additionally, because T2DM is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development, we review here some of the molecular mechanisms that link T2DM and insulin resistance (IR) as well as cardiovascular risk as one of the most important complications in T2DM.
Collapse
|
20
|
Stitziel NO, Kanter JE, Bornfeldt KE. Emerging Targets for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:744-757. [PMID: 32423639 PMCID: PMC7395866 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), resulting in acute cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. Recent clinical trials point toward new treatment and prevention strategies for cardiovascular complications of T2DM. New antidiabetic agents show unexpected cardioprotective benefits. Moreover, genetic and reverse translational strategies have revealed potential novel targets for CVD prevention in diabetes, including inhibition of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3). Modeling and pharmacology-based approaches to improve insulin action provide additional potential strategies to combat CVD. The development of new strategies for improved diabetes and lipid control fuels hope for future prevention of CVD associated with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan O Stitziel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Building GLUT4 Vesicles: CHC22 Clathrin's Human Touch. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:705-719. [PMID: 32620516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose transport by triggering regulated delivery of intracellular vesicles containing the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane. This process is defective in diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While studies in rodent cells have been invaluable in understanding GLUT4 traffic, evolutionary plasticity must be considered when extrapolating these findings to humans. Recent work has identified species-specific distinctions in GLUT4 traffic, notably the participation of a novel clathrin isoform, CHC22, in humans but not rodents. Here, we discuss GLUT4 sorting in different species and how studies of CHC22 have identified new routes for GLUT4 trafficking. We further consider how different sorting-protein complexes relate to these routes and discuss other implications of these pathways in cell biology and disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Liang W, Sun F, Zhao Y, Shan L, Lou H. Identification of Susceptibility Modules and Genes for Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Patients Using WGCNA Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4178639. [PMID: 32455133 PMCID: PMC7238331 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4178639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify susceptibility modules and genes for cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). METHODS The raw data of GSE13760 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) website. Genes with a false discovery rate < 0.05 and a log2 fold change ≥ 0.5 were included in the analysis. WGCNA was used to build a gene coexpression network, screen important modules, and filter the hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the genes in modules with clinical interest. Genes with a significance over 0.2 and a module membership over 0.8 were used as hub genes. Subsequently, we screened these hub genes in the published genome-wide SNP data of cardiovascular disease. The overlapped genes were defined as key genes. RESULTS Fourteen gene coexpression modules were constructed via WGCNA analysis. Module greenyellow was mostly significantly correlated with diabetes. The GO analysis showed that genes in the module greenyellow were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix organization, extracellular exosome, and calcium ion binding. The KEGG analysis showed that the genes in the module greenyellow were mainly enriched in antigen processing and presentation, phagosome. Fifteen genes were identified as hub genes. Finally, HLA-DRB1, LRP1, and MMP2 were identified as key genes. CONCLUSION This was the first study that used the WGCNA method to construct a coexpression network to explore diabetes-associated susceptibility modules and genes for cardiovascular disease. Our study identified a module and several key genes that acted as essential components in the etiology of diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease, which may enhance our fundamental knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Benitez-Amaro A, Revuelta-López E, Bornachea O, Cedó L, Vea À, Herrero L, Roglans N, Soler-Botija C, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Nasarre L, Camino-López S, García E, Mato E, Blanco-Vaca F, Bayes-Genis A, Sebastian D, Laguna JC, Serra D, Zorzano A, Escola-Gil JC, Llorente-Cortes V. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes reduces susceptibility to insulin resistance and obesity. Metabolism 2020; 106:154191. [PMID: 32112822 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a key role in fatty acid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In the context of dyslipemia, LRP1 is upregulated in the heart. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of cardiomyocyte LRP1 deficiency on high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiac and metabolic alterations, and to explore the potential mechanisms involved. METHODS We used TnT-iCre transgenic mice with thoroughly tested suitability to delete genes exclusively in cardiomyocytes to generate an experimental mouse model with conditional Lrp1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes (TNT-iCre+-LRP1flox/flox). FINDINGS Mice with Lrp1-deficient cardiomyocytes (cm-Lrp1-/-) have a normal cardiac function combined with a favorable metabolic phenotype against HFD-induced glucose intolerance and obesity. Glucose intolerance protection was linked to higher hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO), lower liver steatosis and increased whole-body energy expenditure. Proteomic studies of the heart revealed decreased levels of cardiac pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP), which was parallel to higher ANP circulating levels. cm-Lrp1-/- mice showed ANP signaling activation that was linked to increased fatty acid (FA) uptake and increased AMPK/ ACC phosphorylation in the liver. Natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) antagonist completely abolished ANP signaling and metabolic protection in cm-Lrp1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that an ANP-dependent axis controlled by cardiac LRP1 levels modulates AMPK activity in the liver, energy homeostasis and whole-body metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biochemical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Revuelta-López
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Bornachea
- Institute of Biochemical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Àngela Vea
- Institute of Biochemical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Soler-Botija
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Institute of Biochemical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Institute of Biochemical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Camino-López
- Institute of Biochemical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo García
- Institute of Biochemical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Mato
- CIBER Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Service and Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sebastian
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escola-Gil
- Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Institute of Biochemical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Lipids and Cardiovascular Pathology Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chait A, Ginsberg HN, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Goldberg IJ, Bornfeldt KE. Remnants of the Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease. Diabetes 2020; 69:508-516. [PMID: 32198194 PMCID: PMC7085249 DOI: 10.2337/dbi19-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is now a pandemic disease. Moreover, a large number of people with prediabetes are at risk for developing frank diabetes worldwide. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even with statin treatment to lower LDL cholesterol, patients with diabetes have a high residual CVD risk. Factors mediating the residual risk are incompletely characterized. An attractive hypothesis is that remnant lipoprotein particles (RLPs), derived by lipolysis from VLDL and chylomicrons, contribute to this residual risk. RLPs constitute a heterogeneous population of lipoprotein particles, varying markedly in size and composition. Although a universally accepted definition is lacking, for the purpose of this review we define RLPs as postlipolytic partially triglyceride-depleted particles derived from chylomicrons and VLDL that are relatively enriched in cholesteryl esters and apolipoprotein (apo)E. RLPs derived from chylomicrons contain apoB48, while those derived from VLDL contain apoB100. Clarity as to the role of RLPs in CVD risk is hampered by lack of a widely accepted definition and a paucity of adequate methods for their accurate and precise quantification. New specific methods for RLP quantification would greatly improve our understanding of their biology and role in promoting atherosclerosis in diabetes and other disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Actis Dato V, Benitez-Amaro A, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Vazquez M, Bonacci G, Llorente-Cortés V, Chiabrando GA. LRP1-Mediated AggLDL Endocytosis Promotes Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation and Impairs Insulin Response in HL-1 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010182. [PMID: 31936892 PMCID: PMC7016900 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently developed during metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased levels of aggregation-prone small LDL particles. Aggregated LDL (aggLDL) internalization is mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) promoting intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation. Additionally, LRP1 plays a key function in the regulation of insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) activities. Nevertheless, the link between LRP1, CE accumulation, and insulin response has not been previously studied in cardiomyocytes. We aimed to identify mechanisms through which aggLDL, by its interaction with LRP1, produce CE accumulation and affects the insulin-induced intracellular signaling and GLUT4 trafficking in HL-1 cells. We demonstrated that LRP1 mediates the endocytosis of aggLDL and promotes CE accumulation in these cells. Moreover, aggLDL reduced the molecular association between IR and LRP1 and impaired insulin-induced intracellular signaling activation. Finally, aggLDL affected GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and the 2-NBDG uptake in insulin-stimulated cells. We conclude that LRP1 is a key regulator of the insulin response, which can be altered by CE accumulation through LRP1-mediated aggLDL endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Vazquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Bonacci
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.L.-C.); (G.A.C.); Tel.: +54-351-4334264 (ext. 3431) (G.A.C.); Fax: +54-351-4333048 (G.A.C.)
| | - Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (V.L.-C.); (G.A.C.); Tel.: +54-351-4334264 (ext. 3431) (G.A.C.); Fax: +54-351-4333048 (G.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stahel P, Xiao C, Nahmias A, Lewis GF. Role of the Gut in Diabetic Dyslipidemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:116. [PMID: 32231641 PMCID: PMC7083132 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In insulin resistant states such as the metabolic syndrome, overproduction and impaired clearance of liver-derived very-low-density lipoproteins and gut-derived chylomicrons (CMs) contribute to hypertriglyceridemia and elevated atherogenic remnant lipoproteins. Although ingested fat is the major stimulus of CM secretion, intestinal lipid handling and ultimately CM secretory rate is determined by numerous additional regulatory inputs including nutrients, hormones and neural signals that fine tune CM secretion during fasted and fed states. Insulin resistance and T2D represent perturbed metabolic states in which intestinal sensitivity to key regulatory hormones such as insulin, leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may be altered, contributing to increased CM secretion. In this review, we describe the evidence from human and animal models demonstrating increased CM secretion in insulin resistance and T2D and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Several novel compounds are in various stages of preclinical and clinical investigation to modulate intestinal CM synthesis and secretion. Their efficacy, safety and therapeutic utility are discussed. Similarly, the effects of currently approved lipid modulating therapies such as statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, and PCSK9 inhibitors on intestinal CM production are discussed. The intricacies of intestinal CM production are an active area of research that may yield novel therapies to prevent atherosclerotic CVD in insulin resistance and T2D.
Collapse
|
27
|
Li DT, Habtemichael EN, Julca O, Sales CI, Westergaard XO, DeVries SG, Ruiz D, Sayal B, Bogan JS. GLUT4 Storage Vesicles: Specialized Organelles for Regulated Trafficking. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:453-470. [PMID: 31543708 PMCID: PMC6747935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fat and muscle cells contain a specialized, intracellular organelle known as the GLUT4 storage vesicle (GSV). Insulin stimulation mobilizes GSVs, so that these vesicles fuse at the cell surface and insert GLUT4 glucose transporters into the plasma membrane. This example is likely one instance of a broader paradigm for regulated, non-secretory exocytosis, in which intracellular vesicles are translocated in response to diverse extracellular stimuli. GSVs have been studied extensively, yet these vesicles remain enigmatic. Data support the view that in unstimulated cells, GSVs are present as a pool of preformed small vesicles, which are distinct from endosomes and other membrane-bound organelles. In adipocytes, GSVs contain specific cargoes including GLUT4, IRAP, LRP1, and sortilin. They are formed by membrane budding, involving sortilin and probably CHC22 clathrin in humans, but the donor compartment from which these vesicles form remains uncertain. In unstimulated cells, GSVs are trapped by TUG proteins near the endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Insulin signals through two main pathways to mobilize these vesicles. Signaling by the Akt kinase modulates Rab GTPases to target the GSVs to the cell surface. Signaling by the Rho-family GTPase TC10α stimulates Usp25m-mediated TUG cleavage to liberate the vesicles from the Golgi. Cleavage produces a ubiquitin-like protein modifier, TUGUL, that links the GSVs to KIF5B kinesin motors to promote their movement to the cell surface. In obesity, attenuation of these processes results in insulin resistance and contributes to type 2 diabetes and may simultaneously contribute to hypertension and dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don T. Li
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Estifanos N. Habtemichael
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Omar Julca
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Chloe I. Sales
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Xavier O. Westergaard
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Stephen G. DeVries
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Diana Ruiz
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Bhavesh Sayal
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jonathan S. Bogan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Jonathan S. Bogan, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208020, New Haven, CT 06520-8020; Tel: 203-785-6319; Fax: 203-785-6462;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kanter JE, Shao B, Kramer F, Barnhart S, Shimizu-Albergine M, Vaisar T, Graham MJ, Crooke RM, Manuel CR, Haeusler RA, Mar D, Bomsztyk K, Hokanson JE, Kinney GL, Snell-Bergeon JK, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE. Increased apolipoprotein C3 drives cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4165-4179. [PMID: 31295146 DOI: 10.1172/jci127308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans by poorly understood mechanisms. Using mouse models of T1DM-accelerated atherosclerosis, we found that relative insulin deficiency rather than hyperglycemia elevated levels of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), an apolipoprotein that prevents clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and their remnants. We then showed that serum APOC3 levels predict incident CVD events in subjects with T1DM in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study. To explore underlying mechanisms, we investigated the impact of Apoc3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis in a mouse model of T1DM. Apoc3 ASO treatment abolished the increased hepatic Apoc3 expression in diabetic mice - resulting in lower levels of TRLs - without improving glycemic control. APOC3 suppression also prevented arterial accumulation of APOC3-containing lipoprotein particles, macrophage foam cell formation, and the accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. Our observations demonstrate that relative insulin deficiency increases APOC3 and that this results in elevated levels of TRLs and accelerated atherosclerosis in a mouse model of T1DM. Because serum levels of APOC3 predicted incident CVD events in the CACTI study, inhibiting APOC3 might reduce CVD risk in T1DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Baohai Shao
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Masami Shimizu-Albergine
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Clarence R Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Mar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karol Bomsztyk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory L Kinney
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fischer AW, Albers K, Schlein C, Sass F, Krott LM, Schmale H, Gordts PLSM, Scheja L, Heeren J. PID1 regulates insulin-dependent glucose uptake by controlling intracellular sorting of GLUT4-storage vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1592-1603. [PMID: 30904610 PMCID: PMC6624118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The phosphotyrosine interacting domain-containing protein 1 (PID1) serves as a cytosolic adaptor protein of the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). By regulating its intracellular trafficking, PID1 controls the hepatic, LRP1-dependent clearance of pro-atherogenic lipoproteins. In adipose and muscle tissues, LRP1 is present in endosomal storage vesicles containing the insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). This prompted us to investigate whether PID1 modulates GLUT4 translocation and function via its interaction with the LRP1 cytosolic domain. We initially evaluated this in primary brown adipocytes as we observed an inverse correlation between brown adipose tissue glucose uptake and expression of LRP1 and PID1. Insulin stimulation in wild type brown adipocytes induced LRP1 and GLUT4 translocation from endosomal storage vesicles to the cell surface. Loss of PID1 expression in brown adipocytes prompted LRP1 and GLUT4 sorting to the plasma membrane independent of insulin signaling. When placed on a diabetogenic high fat diet, systemic and adipocyte-specific PID1-deficient mice presented with improved hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance as well as reduced basal plasma insulin levels compared to wild type control mice. Moreover, the improvements in glucose parameters associated with increased glucose uptake in adipose and muscle tissues from PID1-deficient mice. The data provide evidence that PID1 serves as an insulin-regulated retention adaptor protein controlling translocation of LRP1 in conjunction with GLUT4 to the plasma membrane of adipocytes. Notably, loss of PID1 corrects for insulin resistance-associated hyperglycemia emphasizing its pivotal role and therapeutic potential in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Albers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucia M Krott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schmale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang X, Xin L, Duan Z, Zuo Z, Wang Y, Ren Y, Zhang W, Sun X, Liu X, Ge L, Yang X, Yao Z, Yang J. Global Tudor-SN transgenic mice are protected from obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. FASEB J 2018; 33:3731-3745. [PMID: 30521378 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801253rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we explored the impact of Tudor-staphylococcal nuclease (SN) on obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, because the functional involvement of Tudor-SN in lipid metabolism in vivo is unknown. HFD-transgenic (Tg) mice exhibited reductions in hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance. There was no difference in hepatic lipid accumulation between chow-fed wild-type (WT) and chow-fed Tg mice; consistently, no difference in activation of the lipogenic pathway was detected. Overactivation of hepatic nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein (nSrebp2)-2, the central regulator of cholesterol metabolic proteins, was observed in HFD-Tg livers along with improved cholesterol homeostasis, but no such changes were observed in HFD-WT livers. Consistent results were observed in vitro in α-mouse liver 12 cells treated with palmitate mimicking the HFD state. In addition, global gene analysis indicated that various downstream targets of nSrebp2, were up-regulated in HFD-Tg livers. Moreover, HFD-WT mice displayed islet hypertrophy and suppression of glucose-induced insulin secretion from islets, whereas HFD-Tg mice had normal pancreatic islets. This finding suggests that the improved pancreatic metabolism of HFD-Tg mice is related to the systemic effect of insulin resistance, not to the autonomous influence of pancreatic cells. Tudor-SN is likely to be a key regulator for ameliorating HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance in vivo.-Wang, X., Xin, L., Duan, Z., Zuo, Z., Wang, Y., Ren, Y., Zhang, W., Sun, X., Liu, X., Ge, L., Yang, X., Yao, Z., Yang, J. Global Tudor-SN transgenic mice are protected from obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongchao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyu Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fischer AW, Albers K, Krott LM, Hoffzimmer B, Heine M, Schmale H, Scheja L, Gordts PLSM, Heeren J. The adaptor protein PID1 regulates receptor-dependent endocytosis of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Mol Metab 2018; 16:88-99. [PMID: 30100244 PMCID: PMC6158030 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin resistance is associated with impaired receptor dependent hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), promoting hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis. Next to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and syndecan-1, the LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1) stimulated by insulin action contributes to the rapid clearance of TRL in the postprandial state. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that the adaptor protein phosphotyrosine interacting domain-containing protein 1 (PID1) regulates LRP1 function, thereby controlling hepatic endocytosis of postprandial lipoproteins. Methods Localization and interaction of PID1 and LRP1 in cultured hepatocytes was studied by confocal microscopy of fluorescent tagged proteins, by indirect immunohistochemistry of endogenous proteins, by GST-based pull down and by immunoprecipitation experiments. The in vivo relevance of PID1 was assessed using whole body as well as liver-specific Pid1-deficient mice on a wild type or Ldlr-deficient (Ldlr−/−) background. Intravital microscopy was used to study LRP1 translocation in the liver. Lipoprotein metabolism was investigated by lipoprotein profiling, gene and protein expression as well as organ-specific uptake of radiolabelled TRL. Results PID1 co-localized in perinuclear endosomes and was found associated with LRP1 under fasting conditions. We identified the distal NPxY motif of the intracellular C-terminal domain (ICD) of LRP1 as the site critical for the interaction with PID1. Insulin-mediated NPxY-phosphorylation caused the dissociation of PID1 from the ICD, causing LRP1 translocation to the plasma membrane. PID1 deletion resulted in higher LRP1 abundance at the cell surface, higher LDLR protein levels and, paradoxically, reduced total LRP1. The latter can be explained by higher receptor shedding, which we observed in cultured Pid1-deficient hepatocytes. Consistently, PID1 deficiency alone led to increased LDLR-dependent endocytosis of postprandial lipoproteins and lower plasma triglycerides. In contrast, hepatic PID1 deletion on an Ldlr−/− background reduced lipoprotein uptake into liver and caused plasma TRL accumulation. Conclusions By acting as an insulin-dependent retention adaptor, PID1 serves as a regulator of LRP1 function controlling the disposal of postprandial lipoproteins. PID1 inhibition provides a novel approach to lower plasma levels of pro-atherogenic TRL remnants by stimulating endocytic function of both LRP1 and LDLR in the liver. PID1 is a retention adaptor protein that regulates activity of the endocytic receptor LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). PID1 regulates the insulin-dependent LRP1-mediated endocytosis of lipoproteins in vivo. PID1 deficiency in liver reduces LRP1 levels via cell surface shedding, and paradoxically increases LDL receptor activity. PID1 antagonism has therapeutic potential to reduce pro-atherogenic lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic and diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Albers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucia M Krott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Britta Hoffzimmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schmale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Actis Dato V, Chiabrando GA. The Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Lipid Metabolism, Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061780. [PMID: 29914093 PMCID: PMC6032055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent disorder which can be used to identify individuals with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of physiological, metabolic, and molecular alterations such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1—A member of the LDL receptor family) is an endocytic and signaling receptor that is expressed in several tissues. It is involved in the clearance of chylomicron remnants from circulation, and has been demonstrated to play a key role in the lipid metabolism at the hepatic level. Recent studies have shown that LRP1 is involved in insulin receptor (IR) trafficking and intracellular signaling activity, which have an impact on the regulation of glucose homeostasis in adipocytes, muscle cells, and brain. In addition, LRP1 has the potential to inhibit or sustain inflammation in macrophages, depending on its cellular expression, as well as the presence of particular types of ligands in the extracellular microenvironment. In this review, we summarize existing perspectives and the latest innovations concerning the role of tissue-specific LRP1 in lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, and examine its ability to mediate inflammatory processes related to MetS and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gordts PLSM, Esko JD. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan grip on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:262-282. [PMID: 29803939 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of proteins involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged regarding the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions in the context of cardiovascular disease. The majority of cardiovascular disease-related deaths are caused by complications of atherosclerosis, a disease that results in narrowing of the arterial lumen, thereby reducing blood flow to critical levels in vital organs, such as the heart and brain. Here, we discuss novel insights into how heparan sulfate proteoglycans modulate risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and inflammation that drive the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques to their clinical critical endpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip L S M Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Insulin-induced exocytosis regulates the cell surface level of low-density lipoprotein-related protein-1 in Müller Glial cells. Biochem J 2018; 475:1669-1685. [PMID: 29669912 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is expressed in retinal Müller glial cells (MGCs) and regulates intracellular translocation to the plasma membrane (PM) of the membrane proteins involved in cellular motility and activity. Different functions of MGCs may be influenced by insulin, including the removal of extracellular glutamate in the retina. In the present work, we investigated whether insulin promotes LRP1 translocation to the PM in the Müller glial-derived cell line MIO-M1 (human retinal Müller glial cell-derived cell line). We demonstrated that LRP1 is stored in small vesicles containing an approximate size of 100 nm (mean diameter range of 100-120 nm), which were positive for sortilin and VAMP2, and also incorporated GLUT4 when it was transiently transfected. Next, we observed that LRP1 translocation to the PM was promoted by insulin-regulated exocytosis through intracellular activation of the IR/PI3K/Akt axis and Rab-GTPase proteins such as Rab8A and Rab10. In addition, these Rab-GTPases regulated both the constitutive and insulin-induced LRP1 translocation to the PM. Finally, we found that dominant-negative Rab8A and Rab10 mutants impaired insulin-induced intracellular signaling of the IR/PI3K/Akt axis, suggesting that these GTPase proteins as well as the LRP1 level at the cell surface are involved in insulin-induced IR activation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Schneider DA, Choi SH, Agatisa-Boyle C, Zhu L, Kim J, Pattison J, Sears DD, Gordts PLSM, Fang L, Miller YI. AIBP protects against metabolic abnormalities and atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:854-863. [PMID: 29559522 PMCID: PMC5928435 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m083618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) has been shown to augment cholesterol efflux from endothelial cells and macrophages. In zebrafish and mice, AIBP-mediated regulation of cholesterol levels in the plasma membrane of endothelial cells controls angiogenesis. The goal of this work was to evaluate metabolic changes and atherosclerosis in AIBP loss-of-function and gain-of-function animal studies. Here, we show that Apoa1bp-/-Ldlr-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet had exacerbated weight gain, liver steatosis, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and larger atherosclerotic lesions compared with Ldlr-/- mice. Feeding Apoa1bp-/-Ldlr-/- mice a high-cholesterol, normal-fat diet did not result in significant differences in lipid levels or size of atherosclerotic lesions from Ldlr-/- mice. Conversely, adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of AIBP reduced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol, high-fat diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice. Injections of recombinant AIBP reduced aortic inflammation in Ldlr-/- mice fed a short high-cholesterol, high-fat diet. Conditional overexpression of AIBP in zebrafish also reduced diet-induced vascular lipid accumulation. In experiments with isolated macrophages, AIBP facilitated cholesterol efflux to HDL, reduced lipid rafts content, and inhibited inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide.jlr Our data demonstrate that AIBP confers protection against diet-induced metabolic abnormalities and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Schneider
- Departments of Medicine University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Departments of Medicine University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Colin Agatisa-Boyle
- Departments of Medicine University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Laurence Zhu
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Departments of Medicine University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jennifer Pattison
- Departments of Medicine University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- Departments of Medicine University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Departments of Medicine University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yury I Miller
- Departments of Medicine University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rondón-Ortiz AN, Lino Cardenas CL, Martínez-Málaga J, Gonzales-Urday AL, Gugnani KS, Böhlke M, Maher TJ, Pino-Figueroa AJ. High Concentrations of Rosiglitazone Reduce mRNA and Protein Levels of LRP1 in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:772. [PMID: 29201005 PMCID: PMC5696635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor involved in the uptake of a variety of molecules, such as apoE, α2-macroglobulin, and the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), for either transcellular transport, protein trafficking or lysosomal degradation. The LRP1 gene can be transcribed upon activation of peroxisome proliferator receptor activated-γ (PPARγ) by the potent PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RGZ). In previous studies, RGZ was shown to upregulate LRP1 levels in concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μM in HepG2 cells. In this study, we sought to replicate previous studies and to investigate the molecular mechanism by which high concentrations of RGZ reduce LRP1 levels in HepG2 cells. Our data confirmed that transcriptional activation of LRP1 occurred in response to RGZ at 3 and 10 μM, in agreement with the study reported by Moon et al. (2012a). On the other hand, we found that high concentrations of RGZ decreased both mRNA and protein levels of LRP1. Mechanistically, transcriptional dysregulation of LRP1 was affected by the downregulation of PPARγ in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. However, downregulation of PPARγ was responsible for only 40% of the LRP1 reduction and thereby the remaining loss of LRP1 (60%) was found to be through degradation in the lysosomal system. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the mechanisms by which high concentrations of RGZ caused LRP1 levels to be reduced in HepG2 cells. Taken together, this data will be helpful to better explain the pharmacological modulation of this pivotal membrane receptor by PPARγ agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Scientific Consulting Group, BioMolecular-LC E.I.R.L, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Jimena Martínez-Málaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, Catholic University of Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Ana L Gonzales-Urday
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, Catholic University of Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Kuljeet S Gugnani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Böhlke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy J Maher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kantartzis K, Rettig I, Staiger H, Machann J, Schick F, Scheja L, Gastaldelli A, Bugianesi E, Peter A, Schulze M, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Stefan N. An extended fatty liver index to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 43:229-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
38
|
van de Sluis B, Wijers M, Herz J. News on the molecular regulation and function of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor and LDLR-related protein 1. Curr Opin Lipidol 2017; 28:241-247. [PMID: 28301372 PMCID: PMC5482905 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clearing of atherogenic lipoprotein particles by the liver requires hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1). This review highlights recent studies that have expanded our understanding of the molecular regulation and metabolic functions of LDLR and LRP1 in the liver. RECENT FINDINGS Various proteins orchestrate the intracellular trafficking of LDLR and LRP1. After internalization, the receptors are redirected via recycling endosomes to the cell surface. Several new endocytic proteins that facilitate the endosomal trafficking of LDLR and consequently the clearance of circulating LDL cholesterol have recently been reported. Mutations in some of these proteins cause hypercholesterolemia in human. In addition, LRP1 controls cellular cholesterol efflux by modulating the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and hepatic LRP1 protects against diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis through the regulation of insulin receptor trafficking. SUMMARY LDLR and LRP1 have prominent roles in cellular and organismal cholesterol homeostasis. Their functioning, including their trafficking in the cell, is controlled by numerous proteins. Comprehensive studies into the molecular regulation of LDLR and LRP1 trafficking have advanced our fundamental understanding of cholesterol homeostasis, and these insights may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart van de Sluis
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen
| | - Melinde Wijers
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Au DT, Strickland DK, Muratoglu SC. The LDL Receptor-Related Protein 1: At the Crossroads of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Insulin Signaling. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:8356537. [PMID: 28584820 PMCID: PMC5444004 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8356537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is an escalating worldwide public health concern. Defined by a combination of physiological, metabolic, and biochemical factors, the metabolic syndrome is used as a clinical guideline to identify individuals with a higher risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease have been known for decades, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases and their interrelationship remain unclear. The LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor that is widely expressed in several tissues. As a member of the LDL receptor family, LRP1 is involved in the clearance of chylomicron remnants from the circulation and has been demonstrated to be atheroprotective. Recently, studies have shown that LRP1 is involved in insulin receptor trafficking and regulation and glucose metabolism. This review summarizes the role of tissue-specific LRP1 in insulin signaling and its potential role as a link between lipoprotein and glucose metabolism in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianaly T. Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Selen C. Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- *Selen C. Muratoglu:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jackson KG, Lockyer S, Carvalho-Wells AL, Williams CM, Minihane AM, Lovegrove JA. Apolipoprotein E (epsilon) genotype has a greater impact on apoB-48 than apoB-100 responses to dietary fat manipulation-insights from the SATgenε study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27935250 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To determine the contribution of intestinally and liver-derived lipoproteins to the postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) response in APOE3/E3 and E3/E4 individuals following chronic dietary fat manipulation. METHODS AND RESULTS In sequential order, participants (n = 12 E3/E3, n = 11 E3/E4) followed low fat; high-fat, high-saturated fat (HSF); and HSF with 3.45 g/day docosahexaenoic acid (HSF-DHA) diets, each for 8 weeks. After each dietary period, an acute test meal with a macronutrient profile representative of the dietary intervention was consumed. Apolipoprotein (apo)B isoforms were determined in isolated TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions (Svedberg flotation rate (Sf ) > 400, Sf 60-400, and Sf 20-60) by specific ELISA. A genotype × meal/diet interaction for the Sf > 400 fraction apoB-48 response (p < 0.05) was observed, with higher concentrations reached after the low fat than HSF-DHA meal in E4 carriers. This finding was associated with a lower TAG content of the Sf > 400 particles. Fasting Sf 60-400 and 20-60 apoB-48 concentrations were also significantly higher in E4 carriers. No impact of genotype on the apoB-100 responses was evident. CONCLUSION Our study revealed marked effects of dietary fat composition on the Sf > 400 apoB-48 response and particle TAG content in E4 carriers relative to the "wild-type" E3/E3 genotype, which suggest APOE genotype is a potential modulator of chylomicron particle synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Stacey Lockyer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Andrew L Carvalho-Wells
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Christine M Williams
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Anne M Minihane
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ding Y, Xian X, Holland WL, Tsai S, Herz J. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Protects Against Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis. EBioMedicine 2016; 7:135-45. [PMID: 27322467 PMCID: PMC4913705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional uptake receptor for chylomicron remnants in the liver. In vascular smooth muscle cells LRP1 controls reverse cholesterol transport through platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β) trafficking and tyrosine kinase activity. Here we show that LRP1 regulates hepatic energy homeostasis by integrating insulin signaling with lipid uptake and secretion. Somatic inactivation of LRP1 in the liver (hLRP1KO) predisposes to diet-induced insulin resistance with dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. On a high-fat diet, hLRP1KO mice develop a severe Metabolic Syndrome secondary to hepatic insulin resistance, reduced expression of insulin receptors on the hepatocyte surface and decreased glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) translocation. While LRP1 is also required for efficient cell surface insulin receptor expression in the absence of exogenous lipids, this latent state of insulin resistance is unmasked by exposure to fatty acids. This further impairs insulin receptor trafficking and results in increased hepatic lipogenesis, impaired fatty acid oxidation and reduced very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride secretion. Hepatic LRP1 deficiency in a mouse model (hLRP1KO) predisposes to diet-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Insulin resistance in the hLRP1KO mouse results from reduced cell surface expression of insulin receptor (IR) and impaired translocation of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). Excess fatty acids in hLRP1KO mice shift hepatic fatty acid metabolism from an oxidative to a synthetic state, resulting in hepatic steatosis.
LRP1 is a multifunctional transmembrane receptor with essential functions in lipoprotein metabolism and subcellular receptor tyrosine kinase trafficking. A mouse model of hepatic LRP1 deficiency integrates the hallmark findings in Metabolic Syndrome - insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis - with impaired glucose metabolism and altered hepatic fatty acid metabolism as a consequence of reduced insulin receptor trafficking and signaling. These findings underscore the central role of LRP1 in overall energy homeostasis, and specifically liver glucose and fatty acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shirling Tsai
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Role of growth hormone-releasing hormone in dyslipidemia associated with experimental type 1 diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1895-900. [PMID: 26831066 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525520113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia associated with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) represents an important residual risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Levels of growth hormone (GH) are elevated in T1D, which aggravates both hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) regulates the release of GH by the pituitary but also exerts separate actions on peripheral GHRH receptors, the functional role of which remains elusive in T1D. In a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D, GHRH receptor expression was found to be up-regulated in the distal small intestine, a tissue involved in chylomicron synthesis. Treatment of T1D rats with a GHRH antagonist, MIA-602, at a dose that did not affect plasma GH levels, significantly reduced TRL, as well as markers of renal injury, and improved endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) reduces hyperglucagonemia and postprandial TRL, the latter in part through a decreased synthesis of apolipoprotein B-48 (ApoB-48) by intestinal cells. Although plasma GLP-1 levels were elevated in diabetic animals, this was accompanied by increased rather than reduced glucagon levels, suggesting impaired GLP-1 signaling. Treatment with MIA-602 normalized GLP-1 and glucagon to control levels in T1D rats. MIA-602 also decreased secretion of ApoB-48 from rat intestinal epithelial cells in response to oleic acid stimulation in vitro, in part through a GLP-1-dependent mechanism. Our findings support the hypothesis that antagonizing the signaling of GHRH in T1D may improve GLP-1 function in the small intestine, which, in turn, diminishes TRL and reduces renal and vascular complications.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wagner T, Bartelt A, Schlein C, Heeren J. Genetic Dissection of Tissue-Specific Apolipoprotein E Function for Hypercholesterolemia and Diet-Induced Obesity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145102. [PMID: 26695075 PMCID: PMC4687855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoE deficiency in mice (Apoe−/−) results in severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. In diet-induced obesity, Apoe−/− display steatohepatitis but reduced accumulation of triacylglycerides and enhanced insulin sensitivity in white adipose tissue (WAT). Although the vast majority of apoE is expressed by hepatocytes apoE is also abundantly expressed in WAT. As liver and adipose tissue play important roles for metabolism, this study aims to outline functions of both hepatocyte- and adipocyte-derived apoE separately by investigating a novel mouse model of tissue-specific apoE deficiency. Therefore we generated transgenic mice carrying homozygous floxed Apoe alleles. Mice lacking apoE either in hepatocytes (ApoeΔHep) or in adipose tissue (ApoeΔAT) were fed experimental diets. ApoeΔHep exhibited slightly higher body weights, adiposity and liver weights on diabetogenic high fat diet (HFD). Accordingly, hepatic steatosis and markers of inflammation were more pronounced compared to controls. Hypercholesterolemia evoked by lipoprotein remnant accumulation was present in ApoeΔHep mice fed a Western type diet (WTD). Lipidation of VLDL particles and tissue uptake of VLDL were disturbed in ApoeΔHep while the plasma clearance rate remained unaltered. ApoeΔAT did not display any detectable phenotype, neither on HFD nor on WTD. In conclusion, our novel conditional apoE deletion model has proven here the role of hepatocyte apoE for VLDL production and diet-induced dyslipidemia. Specific deletion of apoE in adipocytes cannot reproduce the adipose phenotype of global Apoe−/− mice, suggesting that apoE produced in other cell types than hepatocytes or adipocytes explains the lean and insulin-sensitive phenotype described for Apoe−/− mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lasrich D, Bartelt A, Grewal T, Heeren J. Apolipoprotein E promotes lipid accumulation and differentiation in human adipocytes. Exp Cell Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
45
|
Guardiola M, Echeverria P, González M, Vallvé JC, Puig J, Clotet B, Ribalta J, Negredo E. Polymorphisms in LPL, CETP, and HL protect HIV-infected patients from atherogenic dyslipidemia in an allele-dose-dependent manner. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:882-8. [PMID: 26101956 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may be predisposed to a lipid profile, associated with increased cardiovascular risk, derived from having high triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels. We propose that genetic variability leaves some HIV-infected patients more predisposed to this lipid profile than others. We performed a cross-sectional, observational study including 321 antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected patients classified as normolipidemic (n=173) or presenting with high TG (≥1.7 mmol/liter) and low HDLc [<1.02 (men) or 1.28 mmol/liter (women)] (n=148) to investigate the impact of 13 polymorphisms of 9 genes affecting lipid metabolism (APOA5, APOC3, LPL, CETP, HL, MTP, APOE, LRP5, and VLDLR genes). The polymorphism rs328 in LPL was 40% significantly more frequent in normolipidemics (p=0.018), and in the same group, polymorphisms rs708272 in CETP and rs1800588 in HL were 10% significantly more frequent (p=0.037 for both polymorphisms). Patients who presented a combination of one to six alleles from these polymorphisms had 10% increased HDLc levels [1.13 (0.40) vs. 1.24 (0.23) mmol/liter, p=0.002] and a trend toward lower triglycerides [2.23 (2.34) vs. 1.89 (1.24) mmol/liter] and lower remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLPc) [16.41 (11.42) vs. 12.99 (11.69) mmol/liter]. This effect was dependent on the number of protective alleles and independent of the regimen administered. Polymorphisms in LPL, CETP, and HL protect HIV-infected patients from developing the dyslipidemia derived from high TG and low HDLc levels in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Guardiola
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Patricia Echeverria
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta González
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Joan C. Vallvé
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Puig
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Eugènia Negredo
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vandal M, Bourassa P, Calon F. Can insulin signaling pathways be targeted to transport Aβ out of the brain? Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:114. [PMID: 26136681 PMCID: PMC4468380 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the causal role of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unclear, it is still reasonable to expect that lowering concentrations of Aβ in the brain may decrease the risk of developing the neurocognitive symptoms of the disease. Brain capillary endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) express transporters regulating the efflux of Aβ out of the cerebral tissue. Age-related BBB dysfunctions, that have been identified in AD patients, might impair Aβ clearance from the brain. Thus, targeting BBB outward transport systems has been suggested as a way to stimulate the clearance of Aβ from the brain. Recent data indicate that the increase in soluble brain Aβ and behavioral impairments in 3×Tg-AD mice generated by months of intake of a high-fat diet can be acutely reversed by the administration of a single dose of insulin. A concomitant increase in plasma Aβ suggests that clearance from the brain through the BBB is a likely mechanism for this rapid effect of insulin. Here, we review how BBB insulin response pathways could be stimulated to decrease brain Aβ concentrations and improve cognitive performance, at least on the short term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milene Vandal
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval Quebec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Québec, QC, Canada ; Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval Quebec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Québec, QC, Canada ; Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval Quebec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL) Québec, QC, Canada ; Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a two- to fourfold increase in cardiovascular disease risk compared with non-diabetic individuals. Abnormalities in lipid metabolism that are observed in the context of type 2 diabetes are among the major factors contributing to an increased cardiovascular risk. Diabetic dyslipidaemia includes not only quantitative lipoprotein abnormalities, but also qualitative and kinetic abnormalities that, together, result in a shift towards a more atherogenic lipid profile. The primary quantitative lipoprotein abnormalities are increased triacylglycerol (triglyceride) levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels. Qualitative lipoprotein abnormalities include an increase in large, very low-density lipoprotein subfraction 1 (VLDL1) and small, dense LDLs, as well as increased triacylglycerol content of LDL and HDL, glycation of apolipoproteins and increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. The main kinetic abnormalities are increased VLDL1 production, decreased VLDL catabolism and increased HDL catabolism. In addition, even though LDL-cholesterol levels are typically normal in patients with type 2 diabetes, LDL particles show reduced turnover, which is potentially atherogenic. Although the pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidaemia is not fully understood, the insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency observed in patients with type 2 diabetes are likely to contribute to these lipid changes, as insulin plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism. In addition, some adipocytokines, such as adiponectin or retinol-binding protein 4, may also contribute to the development of dyslipidaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital du Bocage, 2 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21000, Dijon, France,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Markmann S, Thelen M, Cornils K, Schweizer M, Brocke-Ahmadinejad N, Willnow T, Heeren J, Gieselmann V, Braulke T, Kollmann K. Lrp1/LDL Receptor Play Critical Roles in Mannose 6-Phosphate-Independent Lysosomal Enzyme Targeting. Traffic 2015; 16:743-59. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Markmann
- Department for Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; D-20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - Melanie Thelen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 11 D-53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Kerstin Cornils
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; D-20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, ZMNH; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; 20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - Nahal Brocke-Ahmadinejad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 11 D-53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Thomas Willnow
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine; 13125 Berlin-Buch Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; D-20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Bonn; Nussallee 11 D-53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Thomas Braulke
- Department for Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; D-20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - Katrin Kollmann
- Department for Biochemistry, Children's Hospital; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; D-20246 Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ferrer DG, Jaldín-Fincati JR, Amigone JL, Capra RH, Collino CJ, Albertini RA, Chiabrando GA. Standardized flow cytometry assay for identification of human monocytic heterogeneity and LRP1 expression in monocyte subpopulations: decreased expression of this receptor in nonclassical monocytes. Cytometry A 2014; 85:601-10. [PMID: 24639232 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we present a flow cytometry assay by which human blood monocyte subpopulations-classical (CD14(++) CD16(-)), intermediate (CD14(++) CD16(+)), and nonclassical (CD14(+) CD16(++)) monocytes-can be determined. Monocytic cells were selected from CD45(+) leukocyte subsets by differential staining of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which allows reducing the spill-over of natural killer cells and granulocytes into the CD16(+) monocyte gate. Percentages of monocyte subpopulations established by this procedure were significantly comparable with those obtained by a well-standardized flow cytometry assay based on the HLA-DR monocyte-gating strategy. We also demonstrated that LRP1 is differentially expressed at cell surface of monocyte subpopulations, being significantly lower in nonclassical monocytes than in classical and intermediate monocytes. Cell surface expression of LRP1 accounts for only 20% of the total cellular content in each monocyte subpopulation. Finally, we established the within-individual biological variation (bCV%) of circulating monocyte subpopulations in healthy donors, obtaining values of 21%, 20%, and 17% for nonclassical, intermediate, and classical monocytes, respectively. Similar values of bCV% for LRP1 measured in each monocyte subpopulation were also obtained, suggesting that its variability is mainly influenced by the intrinsic biological variation of circulating monocytes. Thus, we conclude that LRP1 can be used as a third pan-monocytic marker together with CD14 and CD16 to properly identify monocyte subpopulations. The combined determination of monocyte subpopulations and LRP1 monocytic expression may be relevant for clinical studies of inflammatory processes, with special interest in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darío G Ferrer
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim HJ, Moon JH, Kim HM, Yun MR, Jeon BH, Lee B, Kang ES, Lee HC, Cha BS. The hypolipidemic effect of cilostazol can be mediated by regulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) expression. Metabolism 2014; 63:112-9. [PMID: 24139096 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, is a vasodilator and an anti-thrombotic agent. The mechanism whereby cilostazol reduces plasma triglyceride is not completely understood. Here we investigated the effect of cilostazol on a remnant lipoprotein receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which has been reported to play an essential role in clearance of circulating triglyceride in the liver. MATERIALS/METHODS Total cellular expression, and functional and transcriptional regulation of LRP1 were analyzed in human hepatocarcinoma cell lines incubated with cilostazol. Also, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to high-fat diet (60% kcal) and cilostazol (30 mg/kg) treatment for 10 weeks. RESULTS Cilostazol increased both mRNA and protein expression of LRP1 in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. In addition, enhanced transcriptional activity of the LRP1 promoter containing a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) was observed after cilostazol exposure. Cilostazol treatment enhanced the uptake of lipidated apoE3, and this effect was abolished when LRP1 was silenced by siRNA knockdown. High-fat diet induced hyperglycemia with high level of plasma triglycerides, and reduced hepatic LRP1 expression in mice. Treatment with cilostazol for the same period of time, however, successfully prevented this down-regulation of LRP1 expression and reduced plasma triglycerides. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrated that cilostazol enhances LRP1 expression in liver by activating PPARγ through the PPRE in the LRP1 promoter. Increased hepatic LRP1 may be essential for the reduction of circulating triglycerides brought about by cilostazol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|