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Tang X, Qi Q, Zhou W, Zhou B, Han Y, Liu L. Cyanine based ratio fluorescent probe and its application in hypochlorite detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124150. [PMID: 38492467 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-), a weakly acidic reactive oxygen species, plays a crucial role in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory defense mechanisms. However, elevated levels of ClO- or disruptions in endogenous sites can lead to tissue damage and various diseases including cardiovascular disease, neuronal degeneration, and arthritis. To address this, the development of a specific fluorescent probe with a built-in self-calibration ratio mode for the analysis and biological imaging of ClO- is essential. In this study, a cyanine-based fluorescent probe (Cy-H) was designed for ratiometric fluorescent detection of ClO-, utilizing its aggregation behavior as a novel approach in this field. Upon exposure to ClO-, the phenolic hydroxyl group in probe Cy-H was oxidized into benzoquinone, leading to the formation of cyanine products that displayed a strong tendency to aggregate. As a result, the maximum emission peak of the probe shifted from 700 nm to 485 nm. Notably, a linear relationship was observed between the peak intensity ratio (I485/I700) and the concentration of hypochlorite, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.49 μM. Furthermore, this probe was successfully employed for imaging analysis of hypochlorite in living cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wencheng Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Boxin Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yunlong Han
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lie Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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2
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Majid R, Al Talebi ZA, Al-Kawaz HS, Hassan Alta'ee A, Alsalman ARS, Hadwan AM, Hadwan MM, Hadwan MH. Novel fluorometric protocol for assessing myeloperoxidase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 171:110320. [PMID: 37703636 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an essential enzyme for the innate immune system. Measuring MPO activity is vital for understanding neutrophil characteristics and functions in various diseases. MPO activity can be measured using several methods, including spectrophotometric and fluorometric protocols. This paper introduces a fluorometric method for specifically quantifying MPO activity based on the H2O2-dependent oxidation of thiamine. We optimized this new method using the robust statistical approach response surface methodology (RSM) and Box Benken Design (BBD). We extensively examined the effects of several experimental parameters using the RSM methodology and determined the best conditions for accurate and sensitive MPO activity measurement. The optimal conditions were determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for second-order polynomial equations. The resulting F-value (4.86) indicated that the model was significant. However, the lack-of-fitness F-value (1.79) suggested it did not differ significantly from the corresponding p-value. The greatest MPO activity (30 ± 2 U L-1) was obtained under optimum conditions, which were 1000 µM of H2O2, 10 min incubation time, and 1000 µM of thiamine. Our results suggest that this advanced fluorometric method has significant accuracy, sensitivity, and linearity up to 60 IU. The new and standard colorimetric methods also showed a good correlation. These results indicate that the new fluorometric method can be dependable and efficient for assessing MPO activity. The new method is characterized by excellent accuracy, sensitivity, and linearity, making it a valuable protocol for researchers and clinicians interested in assessing MPO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawa Majid
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Al-Mustaqbal, Hilla City, Babylon Governorate p.o. 51001, Iraq
| | - Zainab Abbas Al Talebi
- Chemistry Dept., College of Science, University of Babylon, Hilla City, Babylon Governorate p.o. 51002, Iraq
| | - Hawraa Saad Al-Kawaz
- Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, 51013, Iraq
| | | | | | - Asad M Hadwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Al-Amarah City, Iraq
| | - Muntadhar M Hadwan
- College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla City, Babylon Governorate, Iraq
| | - Mahmoud Hussein Hadwan
- Chemistry Dept., College of Science, University of Babylon, Hilla City, Babylon Governorate p.o. 51002, Iraq.
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3
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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Leopold J, Prabutzki P, Nimptsch A, Schiller J. Mass spectrometric investigations of the action of hypochlorous acid on monomeric and oligomeric components of glycosaminoglycans. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101448. [PMID: 36915825 PMCID: PMC10006533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a strong non-radical oxidant, which is generated during inflammatory processes under the catalysis of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). HOCl reacts particularly with sulfhydryl and amino acid residues but affects also many other biomolecules. For instance, the glycosaminoglycans of articular cartilage and synovial fluids (such as hyaluronan) undergo degradation in the presence of HOCl at which the native polysaccharide is fragmented into oligosaccharides in a complex reaction. This is an initial mass spectrometry (MS)-based investigation dealing with the HOCl-induced degradation of glycosaminoglycans and the conversion of the related monosaccharides into chlorinated products. In particular, it will be shown that the reaction between HOCl and hyaluronan is slower than originally assumed and results in the generation of different products (particularly the hyaluronan monosaccharides) by the cleavage of the β-1,3/1,4-glycosidic linkages. The MS detection of chlorinated products is, however, only possible in the case of the monosaccharides. Potential reasons will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Leopold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patricia Prabutzki
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ariane Nimptsch
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
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Meredith JD, Gray MJ. Hypothiocyanite and host-microbe interactions. Mol Microbiol 2023; 119:302-311. [PMID: 36718113 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pseudohypohalous acid hypothiocyanite/hypothiocyanous acid (OSCN- /HOSCN) has been known to play an antimicrobial role in mammalian immunity for decades. It is a potent oxidant that kills bacteria but is non-toxic to human cells. Produced from thiocyanate (SCN- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in a variety of body sites by peroxidase enzymes, HOSCN has been explored as an agent of food preservation, pathogen killing, and even improved toothpaste. However, despite the well-recognized antibacterial role HOSCN plays in host-pathogen interactions, little is known about how bacteria sense and respond to this oxidant. In this work, we will summarize what is known and unknown about HOSCN in innate immunity and recent advances in understanding the responses that both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria mount against this antimicrobial agent, highlighting studies done with three model organisms, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Meredith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael J Gray
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Vigder N, Suarna C, Corcilius L, Nadel J, Chen W, Payne R, Tumanov S, Stocker R. An improved method for the detection of myeloperoxidase chlorinating activity in biological systems using the redox probe hydroethidine. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:23-35. [PMID: 36565892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of the redox probe hydroethidine (HE) to 2-chloroethidium (2-Cl-E+) by myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived hypochlorous acid (HOCl) provides comparable specificity and superior sensitivity to measurement of 3-chlorotyrosine (3-Cl-Tyr), the gold standard biomarker for MPO chlorinating activity in biological systems. However, a limitation of the former method is the complex mixture of products formed by the reaction of HE with reagent HOCl, coupled with the difficult purification of 2-Cl-E+ from this mixture for analytical purposes. This limitation prompted us to test whether 2-Cl-E+ could be formed by reaction of HE with the strong and widely used chlorinating agent, N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS). Unexpectedly, such reaction yielded 2-chlorohydroethidine (2-Cl-HE) as the major product in addition to 2-Cl-E+, as assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 2-Cl-HE was also observed to be the major chlorination product formed from HE with both reagent and enzymatically generated HOCl, just as it was formed ex vivo in different healthy and diseased mouse and human tissues upon incubation with glucose/glucose oxidase to generate a flux of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Quantification of 2-Cl-HE plus 2-Cl-E+ improved the sensitivity of the HE-based method compared with measurement of only 2-Cl-E+. Moreover, 2-chlorodimidium (2-Cl-D+) was developed as a practical internal standard instead of the previously used internal standard, deuterated 2-Cl-E+ (d5-2-Cl-E+). Overall, the present study describes an improved method for the detection of MPO/chlorinating activity in biological systems of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Vigder
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cacang Suarna
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Nadel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Kettle AJ, Ashby LV, Winterbourn CC, Dickerhof N. Superoxide: The enigmatic chemical chameleon in neutrophil biology. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:181-196. [PMID: 36609987 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The burst of superoxide produced when neutrophils phagocytose bacteria is the defining biochemical feature of these abundant immune cells. But 50 years since this discovery, the vital role superoxide plays in host defense has yet to be defined. Superoxide is neither bactericidal nor is it just a source of hydrogen peroxide. This simple free radical does, however, have remarkable chemical dexterity. Depending on its environment and reaction partners, superoxide can act as an oxidant, a reductant, a nucleophile, or an enzyme substrate. We outline the evidence that inside phagosomes where neutrophils trap, kill, and digest bacteria, superoxide will react preferentially with the enzyme myeloperoxidase, not the bacterium. By acting as a cofactor, superoxide will sustain hypochlorous acid production by myeloperoxidase. As a substrate, superoxide may give rise to other forms of reactive oxygen. We contend that these interactions hold the key to understanding the precise role superoxide plays in neutrophil biology. State-of-the-art techniques in mass spectrometry, oxidant-specific fluorescent probes, and microscopy focused on individual phagosomes are needed to identify bactericidal mechanisms driven by superoxide. This work will undoubtably lead to fascinating discoveries in host defense and give a richer understanding of superoxide's varied biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kettle
- Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora: Centre for Redox Biology & Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louisa V Ashby
- Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora: Centre for Redox Biology & Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora: Centre for Redox Biology & Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora: Centre for Redox Biology & Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Reut VE, Kozlov SO, Kudryavtsev IV, Grudinina NA, Kostevich VA, Gorbunov NP, Grigorieva DV, Kalvinkovskaya JA, Bushuk SB, Varfolomeeva EY, Fedorova ND, Gorudko IV, Panasenko OM, Vasilyev VB, Sokolov AV. New Application of the Commercially Available Dye Celestine Blue B as a Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent “Turn-On” Probefor Endogenous Detection of HOCl and Reactive Halogenated Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091719. [PMID: 36139793 PMCID: PMC9495391 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) derived from hydrogen peroxide and chloride anion by myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a significant role in physiological and pathological processes. Herein we report a phenoxazine-based fluorescent probe Celestine Blue B (CB) that is applicable for HOCl detection in living cells and for assaying the chlorinating activity of MPO. A remarkable selectivity and sensitivity (limit of detection is 32 nM), along with a rapid “turn-on” response of CB to HOCl was demonstrated. Furthermore, the probe was able to detect endogenous HOCl and reactive halogenated species by fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques. Hence, CB is a promising tool for investigating the role of HOCl in health and disease and for screening the drugs capable of regulating MPO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika E Reut
- Department of Biophysics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stanislav O Kozlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Kudryavtsev
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalya A Grudinina
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeria A Kostevich
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay P Gorbunov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Grigorieva
- Department of Biophysics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Julia A Kalvinkovskaya
- Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergey B Bushuk
- SSPA "Optics, Optoelectronics, and Laser Technology", 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena Yu Varfolomeeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Natalia D Fedorova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Irina V Gorudko
- Department of Biophysics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Oleg M Panasenko
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim B Vasilyev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V Sokolov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Gkaliagkousi E, Lazaridis A, Dogan S, Fraenkel E, Tuna BG, Mozos I, Vukicevic M, Yalcin O, Gopcevic K. Theories and Molecular Basis of Vascular Aging: A Review of the Literature from VascAgeNet Group on Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158672. [PMID: 35955804 PMCID: PMC9368987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging, characterized by structural and functional alterations of the vascular wall, is a hallmark of aging and is tightly related to the development of cardiovascular mortality and age-associated vascular pathologies. Over the last years, extensive and ongoing research has highlighted several sophisticated molecular mechanisms that are involved in the pathophysiology of vascular aging. A more thorough understanding of these mechanisms could help to provide a new insight into the complex biology of this non-reversible vascular process and direct future interventions to improve longevity. In this review, we discuss the role of the most important molecular pathways involved in vascular ageing including oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, extracellular matrix metalloproteinases activity, epigenetic regulation, telomere shortening, senescence and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soner Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emil Fraenkel
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University of Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04066 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Milica Vukicevic
- Cardiac Surgery Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kristina Gopcevic
- Laboratory for Analytics of Biomolecules, Department of Chemistry in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (K.G.)
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10
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Rubio-Casillas A, Gupta RC, Redwa EM, Uversky VN, Badierah R. Early taurine administration as a means for halting the cytokine storm progression in COVID-19 patients. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Around the world, more than 6.2 million individuals have died as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). According to a recent survey conducted among immunologists, epidemiologists, and virologists, this disease is expected to become endemic. This implies that the disease could have a continuous presence and/or normal frequency in the population. Pharmacological interventions to prevent infection, as well as to treat the patients at an early phase of illness to avoid hospitalization are essential additions to the vaccines. Taurine is known to inhibit the generation of all inflammatory mediators linked to the cytokine storm. It can also protect against lung injury by suppressing increased oxidants production and promoting the resolution of the inflammatory process. Neutrophil lactoferrin degranulation stimulated by taurine may have antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, limiting viral replication. It is hypothesized that if taurine is administered early in the onset of COVID-19 disease, it may stop the cytokine storm from progressing, lowering morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- 1Autlán Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlán, Jalisco 48900, Mexico 2Biology Laboratory, Autlán Regional High School, University of Guadalajara, Autlán, Jalisco 48900, Mexico
| | - Ramesh C. Gupta
- 3School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema 797004, India
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwa
- 4Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 5Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- 6Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Raied Badierah
- 7Medical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Wang G, Nauseef WM. Neutrophil dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. Blood 2022; 139:2622-2631. [PMID: 35213685 PMCID: PMC9053701 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) figure prominently in host defense against infection and in noninfectious inflammation. Mobilized early in an inflammatory response, PMNs mediate immediate cellular defense against microbes and orchestrate events that culminate in cessation of inflammation and restoration of homeostasis. Failure to terminate the inflammatory response and its causes can fuel exuberant inflammation characteristic of many human diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. CF affects multiple end organs, with persistent bacterial infection and chronic neutrophilic inflammation in airways predominating the clinical picture. To match the diverse microbial challenges that they may encounter, PMNs possess a variety of antimicrobial systems to slow or kill invading microorganisms confined in their phagosomes. Prominent among PMN defense systems is their ability to generate hypochlorous acid, a potent microbicide, by reacting oxidants generated by the NADPH oxidase with myeloperoxidase (MPO) released from azurophilic granules in the presence of chloride (Cl-). Products of the MPO-H2O2-Cl system oxidize susceptible biomolecules and support robust antimicrobial action against many, but not all, potential human pathogens. Underscoring that the MPO-H2O2-Cl system is integral to optimal host defense and proper regulation of inflammation, individuals with defects in any component of this system, as seen in chronic granulomatous disease or MPO deficiency, incur increased rates or severity of infection and signs of dysregulated inflammatory responses. We focus attention in this review on the molecular basis for and the clinical consequences of defects in the MPO-H2O2-Cl system because of the compromised Cl transport seen in CF. We will discuss first how the MPO-H2O2-Cl system in healthy PMNs participates in host defense and resolution of inflammation and then review how a defective MPO-H2O2-Cl system contributes to the increased susceptibility to infection and dysregulated inflammation associated with the clinical manifestations of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, and
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - William M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
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12
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Edwards TS, Dickerhof N, Magon NJ, Paton LN, Sly PD, Kettle AJ. Formation of Calprotectin-Derived Peptides in the Airways of Children with Cystic Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:979-990. [PMID: 35046105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calprotectin is released by activated neutrophils along with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteases. It plays numerous roles in inflammation and infection, and is used as an inflammatory biomarker. However, calprotectin is readily oxidized by MPO-derived hypohalous acids to form covalent dimers of its S100A8 and S100A9 subunits. The dimers are susceptible to degradation by proteases. We show that detection of human calprotectin by ELISA declines markedly because of its oxidation by hypochlorous acid and subsequent degradation. Also, proteolysis liberates specific peptides from oxidized calprotectin that is present at inflammatory sites. We identified six calprotectin-derived peptides by mass spectrometry and detected them in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed the peptides as biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation and infection. The content of the calprotectin peptide ILVI was related to calprotectin (r = 0.72, p = 0.01, n = 10). Four of the peptides were correlated with the concentration of MPO (r > 0.7, p ≤ 0.01, n = 21), while three were higher (p < 0.05) in neutrophil elastase-positive (n = 14) than -negative samples (n = 7). Also, five of the peptides were higher (p < 0.05) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with CF with infections (n = 21) than from non-CF children without infections (n = 6). The specific peptides liberated from calprotectin will signal uncontrolled activity of proteases and MPO during inflammation. They may prove useful in tracking inflammation in respiratory diseases dominated by neutrophils, including coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan S Edwards
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand;
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
| | - Louise N Paton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
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13
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Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Role of myeloperoxidase and oxidant formation in the extracellular environment in inflammation-induced tissue damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:633-651. [PMID: 34246778 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The heme peroxidase family generates a battery of oxidants both for synthetic purposes, and in the innate immune defence against pathogens. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most promiscuous family member, generating powerful oxidizing species including hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Whilst HOCl formation is important in pathogen removal, this species is also implicated in host tissue damage and multiple inflammatory diseases. Significant oxidant formation and damage occurs extracellularly as a result of MPO release via phagolysosomal leakage, cell lysis, extracellular trap formation, and inappropriate trafficking. MPO binds strongly to extracellular biomolecules including polyanionic glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, proteins, and DNA. This localizes MPO and subsequent damage, at least partly, to specific sites and species, including extracellular matrix (ECM) components and plasma proteins/lipoproteins. Biopolymer-bound MPO retains, or has enhanced, catalytic activity, though evidence is also available for non-catalytic effects. These interactions, particularly at cell surfaces and with the ECM/glycocalyx induce cellular dysfunction and altered gene expression. MPO binds with higher affinity to some damaged ECM components, rationalizing its accumulation at sites of inflammation. MPO-damaged biomolecules and fragments act as chemo-attractants and cell activators, and can modulate gene and protein expression in naïve cells, consistent with an increasing cycle of MPO adhesion, activity, damage, and altered cell function at sites of leukocyte infiltration and activation, with subsequent tissue damage and dysfunction. MPO levels are used clinically both diagnostically and prognostically, and there is increasing interest in strategies to prevent MPO-mediated damage; therapeutic aspects are not discussed as these have been reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark.
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14
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Camp OG, Bai D, Gonullu DC, Nayak N, Abu-Soud HM. Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111546. [PMID: 34304092 PMCID: PMC8285369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a correlation between COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the distinct, exaggerated immune response titled "cytokine storm". This immune response leads to excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause clinical signs characteristic of COVID-19 such as decreased oxygen saturation, alteration of hemoglobin properties, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, vasoconstriction, elevated cytokines, cardiac and/or renal injury, enhanced D-dimer, leukocytosis, and an increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Particularly, neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is thought to be especially abundant and, as a result, contributes substantially to oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Conversely, melatonin, a potent MPO inhibitor, has been noted for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective actions. Melatonin has been proposed as a safe therapeutic agent for COVID-19 recently, having been given with a US Food and Drug Administration emergency authorized cocktail, REGEN-COV2, for management of COVID-19 progression. This review distinctly highlights both how the destructive interactions of HOCl with tetrapyrrole rings may contribute to oxygen deficiency and hypoxia, vitamin B12 deficiency, NO deficiency, increased oxidative stress, and sleep disturbance, as well as how melatonin acts to prevent these events, thereby improving COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Camp
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - David Bai
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Damla C Gonullu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Neha Nayak
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Husam M Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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15
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Designing a high-efficiency hypochlorite ion generation system by combining cation exchange membrane aided electrolysis with chlorine gas recovery stream. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Tudorachi NB, Totu EE, Fifere A, Ardeleanu V, Mocanu V, Mircea C, Isildak I, Smilkov K, Cărăuşu EM. The Implication of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:985. [PMID: 34205576 PMCID: PMC8233827 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic multifactorial pathology and a current and essential challenge for public health, with a negative impact on the geriatric patient's quality of life. The pathophysiology is not fully known; therefore, no specific treatment has been found to date. The increase in the number of newly diagnosed cases of KOA is worrying, and it is essential to reduce the risk factors and detect those with a protective role in this context. The destructive effects of free radicals consist of the acceleration of chondrosenescence and apoptosis. Among other risk factors, the influence of redox imbalance on the homeostasis of the osteoarticular system is highlighted. The evolution of KOA can be correlated with oxidative stress markers or antioxidant status. These factors reveal the importance of maintaining a redox balance for the joints and the whole body's health, emphasizing the importance of an individualized therapeutic approach based on antioxidant effects. This paper aims to present an updated picture of the implications of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KOA from pathophysiological and biochemical perspectives, focusing on antioxidant systems that could establish the premises for appropriate treatment to restore the redox balance and improve the condition of patients with KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Bianca Tudorachi
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Mamaia Boulevard 124, 900527 Constanța, Romania; (N.B.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Eugenia Eftimie Totu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–5 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Fifere
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valeriu Ardeleanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Mamaia Boulevard 124, 900527 Constanța, Romania; (N.B.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cornelia Mircea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Ibrahim Isildak
- Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey;
| | - Katarina Smilkov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Division of Pharmacy, Department of Applied Pharmacy, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov Street, No. 10-A, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia;
| | - Elena Mihaela Cărăuşu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Nicolae Leon” Building, 13 Grigore Ghica Street, 700259 Iasi, Romania;
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17
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Sklias K, Santos Sousa J, Girard PM. Role of Short- and Long-Lived Reactive Species on the Selectivity and Anti-Cancer Action of Plasma Treatment In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040615. [PMID: 33557129 PMCID: PMC7913865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One fundamental feature that has emerged from in vitro application of cold plasmas in cancer treatment is the key role of the liquid phase covering the cells. In the present work, we investigated the effect of direct and indirect plasma treatments on two cancer and three normal cell lines to assess the benefits of one treatment over the other in terms of death of tumor versus healthy cells. Our results demonstrate that indirect plasma treatment is as efficient at killing tumor cells as an appropriate combination of H2O2, NO2− and acidic pH in ad hoc solutions, while sparing normal cells. However, direct plasma treatment is far more efficient at killing normal than tumor cells, and we provide evidence that short- and long-lived reactive species contribute synergistically to kill normal cells, while having an additive effect regarding tumor cell death. Collectively, our results call the use of plasma-activated liquid in cancer treatment into question. Abstract (1) Plasma-activated liquids (PAL) have been extensively studied for their anti-cancer properties. Two treatment modalities can be applied to the cells, direct and indirect plasma treatments, which differ by the environment to which the cells are exposed. For direct plasma treatment, the cells covered by a liquid are present during the plasma treatment time (phase I, plasma ON) and the incubation time (phase II, plasma OFF), while for indirect plasma treatment, phase I is cell-free and cells are only exposed to PAL during phase II. The scope of this work was to study these two treatment modalities to bring new insights into the potential use of PAL for cancer treatment. (2) We used two models of head and neck cancer cells, CAL27 and FaDu, and three models of normal cells (1Br3, NHK, and RPE-hTERT). PBS was used as the liquid of interest, and the concentration of plasma-induced H2O2, NO2− and NO3−, as well as pH change, were measured. Cells were exposed to direct plasma treatment, indirect plasma treatment or reconstituted buffer (PBS adjusted with plasma-induced concentrations of H2O2, NO2−, NO3− and pH). Metabolic cell activity, cell viability, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS production and caspase 3/7 induction were quantified. (3) If we showed that direct plasma treatment is slightly more efficient than indirect plasma treatment and reconstituted buffer at inducing lipid peroxidation, intracellular increase of ROS and cancer cell death in tumor cells, our data also revealed that reconstituted buffer is equivalent to indirect plasma treatment. In contrast, normal cells are quite insensitive to these two last treatment modalities. However, they are extremely sensitive to direct plasma treatment. Indeed, we found that phase I and phase II act in synergy to trigger cell death in normal cells and are additive concerning tumor cell death. Our data also highlight the presence in plasma-treated PBS of yet unidentified short-lived reactive species that contribute to cell death. (4) In this study, we provide strong evidence that, in vitro, the concentration of RONS (H2O2, NO2− and NO3−) in combination with the acidic pH are the main drivers of plasma-induced PBS toxicity in tumor cells but not in normal cells, which makes ad hoc reconstituted solutions powerful anti-tumor treatments. In marked contrast, direct plasma treatment is deleterious for normal cells in vitro and should be avoided. Based on our results, we discuss the limitations to the use of PAL for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Sklias
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - João Santos Sousa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, 91405 Orsay, France;
- Correspondence: (J.S.S.); (P.-M.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)1-69-15-54-12 (J.S.S.); +33-(0)1-69-86-31-31 (P.-M.G.)
| | - Pierre-Marie Girard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, UMR 3347, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 3347, 91405 Orsay, France
- Correspondence: (J.S.S.); (P.-M.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)1-69-15-54-12 (J.S.S.); +33-(0)1-69-86-31-31 (P.-M.G.)
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18
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The Responses of Bioactive Betanin Pigment and Its Derivatives from a Red Beetroot ( Beta vulgaris L.) Betalain-Rich Extract to Hypochlorous Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031155. [PMID: 33503808 PMCID: PMC7865592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as well as other reactive oxygen species as part of a natural innate immune response in the human body; however, excessive levels of HOCl can ultimately be detrimental to health. Recent reports suggest that betacyanin plant pigments can act as potent scavengers of inflammatory factors and are notably effective against HOCl. Comparison of the in vitro anti-hypochlorite activities of a novel betalain-rich red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract with its pure betalainic pigments revealed that the extract had the highest anti-hypochlorite activity, far exceeding the activity of all of the betalainic derivatives and selected reference antioxidants. This suggests that it may be an important food-based candidate for management of inflammatory conditions induced by excessive HOCl production. Among all pigments studied, betanidin exhibited the highest activity across the pH range.
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19
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Panasenko OM, Reut VE, Borodina IV, Matyushkina DS, Ivanov VA, Grigorieva DV, Gorudko IV, Sokolov AV, Cherenkevich SN. Gallocyanine as a Fluorogen for the Identification of NADPH-Dependent Production of Superoxide Anion Radical by Blood Cells. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Al-Shehri SS. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and innate immune response. Biochimie 2020; 181:52-64. [PMID: 33278558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens and is characterized by its fast but nonspecific response. One important mechanism of this system is the production of the biocidal reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are widely distributed within biological systems, including phagocytes and secretions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are short-lived intermediates that are biochemically synthesized by various enzymatic reactions in aerobic organisms and are regulated by antioxidants. The physiological levels of reactive species play important roles in cellular signaling and proliferation. However, higher concentrations and prolonged exposure can fight infections by damaging important microbial biomolecules. One feature of the reactive species generation system is the interaction between its components to produce more biocidal agents. For example, the phagocytic NADPH oxidase complex generates superoxide, which functions as a precursor for antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide synthesis. Peroxide is then used by myeloperoxidase in the same cells to generate hypochlorous acid, a highly microbicidal agent. Studies on animal models and microorganisms have shown that deficiency of these antimicrobial agents is associated with severe recurrent infections and immunocompromised diseases, such as chronic granulomatous disease. There is accumulating evidence that reactive species have important positive aspects on human health and immunity; however, some important promising features of this system remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad S Al-Shehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Ashby LV, Springer R, Hampton MB, Kettle AJ, Winterbourn CC. Evaluating the bactericidal action of hypochlorous acid in culture media. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:119-124. [PMID: 32739594 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The bactericidal activity of the physiological oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is commonly studied in a variety of laboratory media. Reactive with numerous targets, HOCl will rapidly lose its toxicity via reduction or be converted to chloramines and other less toxic species. The objective of this study was to test the influence of various media, temperature and reaction time on the toxicity of HOCl. After incubating bacteria in media dosed with reagent HOCl, the bactericidal outcome was measured by colony forming ability. In parallel, we determined the HOCl and chloramine content after dosing media alone. Our results showed that more reagent HOCl was required to kill bacteria in culture media than in aqueous buffer, and this corresponded to the lower concentration of reactive chlorine species achieved in the media. RPMI and MOPS minimal medium retained significant oxidising equivalents after HOCl-dosing, but more nutrient-rich media such as MEM, DMEM, LB and TSB, had higher scavenging capacity. Other factors that lowered the bactericidal strength of HOCl were longer lag-times and raised temperature when pre-dosing media, and insufficient incubation time of cells with the HOCl-treated media. In summary, we demonstrate that the choice of media as well as procedural details within experiments crucially impact the cellular toxicity of HOCl. These factors influence the nature and concentration of oxidants generated, and therefore are critical in affecting cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa V Ashby
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Reuben Springer
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
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22
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Roles of RcsA, an AhpD Family Protein, in Reactive Chlorine Stress Resistance and Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01480-20. [PMID: 32801171 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01480-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive chlorine species (RCS), particularly hypochlorous acid (HOCl), are powerful antimicrobial oxidants generated by biological pathways and chemical syntheses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that has adapted mechanisms for protection and survival in harsh environments, including RCS exposure. Based on previous transcriptomic studies of HOCl exposure in P. aeruginosa, we found that the expression of PA0565, or rcsA, which encodes an alkyl hydroperoxidase D-like protein, exhibited the highest induction among the RCS-induced genes. In this study, rcsA expression was dominant under HOCl stress and greatly increased under HOCl-related stress conditions. Functional analysis of RcsA showed that the distinguishing core amino acid residues Cys60, Cys63, and His67 were required for the degradation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), suggesting an extended motif in the AhpD family. After allelic exchange mutagenesis in the P. aeruginosa rcsA, the P. aeruginosa rcsA deletion mutant showed significantly decreased HOCl resistance. Ectopic expression of P. aeruginosa rcsA led to significantly increased NaOCl resistance in Escherichia coli Moreover, the pathogenicity of the rcsA mutant decreased dramatically in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster host model systems compared to the wild type (WT). Finally, the Cys60, Cys63, and His67 variants of RcsA were unsuccessful at complementing phenotypes of the rcsA mutant. Overall, our data indicate the importance of P. aeruginosa RcsA in defense against HOCl stress under disinfections and during infections of hosts, which involves the catalytic Cys60, Cys63, and His67 residues.IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that is a major cause of serious infections in many hosts. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent antimicrobial agent found in household bleach and is a widely used disinfectant. P. aeruginosa has evolved adaptive mechanisms for protection and survival during HOCl exposure. We identified P. aeruginosa rcsA as a HOCl-responsive gene encoding an antioxidant protein that may be involved in HOCl degradation. RcsA has a distinguishing core motif containing functional Cys60, Cys63, and His67 residues. P. aeruginosa rcsA plays an important role in bleach tolerance, with expression of P. aeruginosa rcsA in Escherichia coli also conferring HOCl resistance. Interestingly, RcsA is required for full virulence in worm and fruit fly infection models, indicating a correlation between mechanisms of bleach toxicity and host immunity during infection. This provides new insights into the mechanisms used by P. aeruginosa to persist in harsh environments such as hospitals.
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Palladino P, Torrini F, Scarano S, Minunni M. 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as multi-colorimetric indicator of chlorine in water in line with health guideline values. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7861-7869. [PMID: 32870352 PMCID: PMC7461152 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sanitizing solutions against bacterial and viral pathogens are of utmost importance in general and, in particular, in these times of pandemic due to Sars-Cov2. They frequently consist of chlorine-based solutions, or in the direct input of a certain amount of chlorine in water supply systems and swimming pools. Colorimetry is one of the techniques used to measure the crucial persistence of chlorine in water, including household chlorine test kits commonly based on colorimetric indicators. Here, we show a simple and cheap colorimetric method based on 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), commonly used as chromogenic reagent for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. TMB is converted by chlorine to a colored molecule through a pH-dependent multi-step oxidation process where the chromaticity of TMB is directly proportional to chlorine content. This molecule offers several advantages over other commonly used reagents in terms of safety, sensitivity, and, peculiarly, hue modulation, giving rise to the detection of chlorine in water with a multi-color change of the indicator solution (transparent/blue/green/yellow). Moreover, through the appropriate setting of reaction conditions, such coloration is finely tunable to cover the range of chlorine concentration recommended by international health agencies for treatment of drinking water and swimming pools and to test homemade solutions prepared by dilution of household bleach during health emergency events such as during the current pandemic. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Palladino
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Torrini
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Simona Scarano
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Minunni
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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24
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Lee SC, Park S, So H, Lee G, Kim KT, Kim C. An Acridine-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Monitoring ClO - in Water Samples and Zebrafish. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4764. [PMID: 32842534 PMCID: PMC7506904 DOI: 10.3390/s20174764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel acridine-based fluorescent chemosensor, BK ((E)-2-((acridine-9-ylimino)methyl)-N-benzhydrylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide), for monitoring ClO- was prepared. The sensor BK was synthesized by introducing a new synthetic route of making aldehyde group using formic hydrazide. Probe BK displayed notable fluorescence quenching in the presence of ClO- and showed a great selectivity over other guest analytes. The detection limit was calculated to be 7.65 μM. Additionally, BK was satisfactorily applied for sensing ClO- in water samples and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chan Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-741, Korea; (S.C.L.); (S.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-741, Korea; (S.C.L.); (S.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Haeri So
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-741, Korea; (S.C.L.); (S.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Gyudong Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-741, Korea;
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-741, Korea;
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-741, Korea; (S.C.L.); (S.P.); (H.S.)
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25
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Shi W, Song B, Liu Z, Zhang W, Tan M, Song F, Yuan J. Smart Bimodal Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid In Vivo Using a Heterobimetallic Ruthenium(II)-Gadolinium(III) Complex Probe. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11145-11154. [PMID: 32702968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A unique heterobimetallic Ru(II)-Gd(III) complex, Ru-AN-Gd, is reported to serve as an effective probe for bimodal phosphorescence-magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in vitro and in vivo. The probe was designed by incorporating a MR contrast agent, Gd-DOTA, into a HClO-responsive bipyridine-Ru(II) complex derivative. The specific reaction between Ru-AN-Gd and HClO triggers the cleavage of an ether bond in the probe molecule, resulting in phosphorescence turn-on and MR turn-off responses to HClO. The integration of MR and phosphorescence detection modes allows the probe to be employed for detecting HClO in a quite wide concentration range (0.6-2000 μM) and for imaging HClO at various resolutions ranging from the subcellular level to the whole body without a depth limit. Its applicability was demonstrated by phosphorescence imaging of lysosomal HClO in live cells, visualization of HClO generation in a mouse arthritis model, and bimodal phosphorescence-MR imaging of HClO in drug-induced acute liver and kidney injury of a mouse. The research achievements suggested the potential of Ru-AN-Gd for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of HClO-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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26
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Lai WWP, Chen KL, Lin AYC. Solar photodegradation of the UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor in the presence of free chlorine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137860. [PMID: 32197163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UV filters are essential ingredients in sunscreens and many personal care products. The coexposure of UV filters to solar photolysis and free chlorine (solar/free chlorine) is inevitable in outdoor swimming pools and many other aquatic matrices, and this study aims to investigate the degradation mechanism of one specific UV filter, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC), under solar/free chlorine system. Under solar irradiation alone, 4MBC only undergoes isomerization from (E)- to (Z)-4MBC; however, in the solar/free chlorine system, 4MBC was significantly degraded, with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0137 s-1 (pH = 7). The effects of the initial free chlorine concentration, solution pH and water matrix (presence of dissolved organic matter, HCO3- and Cl-) were studied. The results revealed that reactive chlorine species (RCS) are the dominant species influencing 4MBC degradation via solar/free chlorine, while OH and O3 played minor roles. These species would likely react with the 4-methylstyrene moiety of 4MBC and subsequently lead to 4MBC degradation through hydroxylation, chlorine substitution, oxidation and demethylation. Nevertheless, the dramatic increase in acute toxicity (Microtox®) during solar/free chlorine degradation of 4MBC highlights the need to further explore the transformation byproducts as well as their associated risks to humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Webber Wei-Po Lai
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Lin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST), Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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27
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Anti-Hypochlorite, Antioxidant, and Catalytic Activity of Three Polyphenol-Rich Super-Foods Investigated with the Use of Coumarin-Based Sensors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050723. [PMID: 32384711 PMCID: PMC7277801 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-hypochlorite activity of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), goji (Lycium barbarum L.) and schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) fruit extracts were assessed by determining the reactive chlorine species (RCS)-scavenging ability of these three "super-food" berries. In addition, the aqueous extracts obtained were employed as both the media and the catalyst in a green chemistry approach to the synthesis of a coumarin-based fluorescence turn-off sensor, which was then used for anti-hypochlorite activity testing. The aqueous extracts were also assessed for total phenolic content (TPC), using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the antioxidant activity using the ABTS+• assay. Moreover, the main water-soluble polyphenolic constituents of the extracts were identified by the HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS technique. Among the extracts tested, açaí demonstrated the highest anti-hypochlorite and antioxidant activities, while the highest TPC value was found for the goji extract. All extracts demonstrated modest catalytic activity as Knoevenagel condensation catalysts.
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28
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Smith DJ, Scapanski A. Distribution and Chemical Fate of [ 36Cl]Chlorine Dioxide Gas on Avocados, Eggs, Onions, and Sweet Potatoes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5000-5008. [PMID: 32310652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fate and distribution studies were conducted with [36Cl]-chlorine dioxide in avocados, eggs, onions, and sweet potatoes. Experiments utilized sealed, darkened chambers, 5 mg of 36ClO2 (g), and two-hour exposure periods. Total radioactive residues were quantitated in gas purges, tank rinses, reaction chambers, and on fractions specific to each food. Deposition of the radioactive residue was mostly a surface phenomenon; transfer of radioactivity into albumen occurred in egg, but radioactivity did not penetrate the onion tunic and only small amounts of activity were present in avocado flesh. Potato skin contained essentially all the potato radiochlorine. Regardless of the food product, nearly all radioactive residue was present in edible tissues as chloride ions; the chlorite ion was present only in egg-rinse water. Small amounts (10% or less) of radioactivity were present as chlorate ions, which would be a useful marker compound for chlorine dioxide sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Smith
- USDA ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
| | - Abigail Scapanski
- USDA ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
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29
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Bai T, Chu T. A Theoretical Study on the Fluorescence Signal Sensing of a colorimetric ClO
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chemosensor. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Bai
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and EngineeringShandong University Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- School of Physics ScienceState Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesQingdao University Qingdao P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical Physics Dalian P. R. China
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30
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Kumorkiewicz-Jamro A, Starzak K, Sutor K, Nemzer B, Pietrzkowski Z, Popenda Ł, Wybraniec S. Structural Study on Hypochlorous Acid-Mediated Chlorination of Betanin and Its Decarboxylated Derivatives from an Anti-Inflammatory Beta vulgaris L. Extract. Molecules 2020; 25:E378. [PMID: 31963358 PMCID: PMC7024289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced by neutrophils is a part of the natural innate immune response system in the human body, but excessive levels of HOCl can ultimately be detrimental to health. Recent reports suggest that betacyanin plant pigments can act as potent scavengers of inflammatory factors and are notably effective against HOCl. In this contribution, chlorination mechanism and position of the electrophilic substitution in betacyanins was studied by high-resolution mass spectrometry and further structural analyses by NMR techniques, which completed the identification of the chlorinated betacyanins. For the study on the influence of the position of decarboxylation on the chlorination mechanism, a comparison of the chlorination position between betanin as well as 17-, and 2,17-decarboxylated betanins was performed. The structural study confirmed that the chlorination position in betanin occurs within the dihydropyridinic moiety at carbon C-18. Therefore, out of the aqueous free chlorine equilibrium species: HOCl, OCl-, Cl2, and Cl2O, the most potent chlorinating agents are HOCl and Cl2O postulated previously and the attack of the Cl⁺ ion on the carbon C-18 with a cyclic intermediate version is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kumorkiewicz-Jamro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.-J.); (K.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Starzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.-J.); (K.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Sutor
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.-J.); (K.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Boris Nemzer
- Chemistry Research, VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., Momence, IL 60954, USA;
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Łukasz Popenda
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Wybraniec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.-J.); (K.S.); (K.S.)
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31
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Jeelani R, Chatzicharalampous C, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Bai D, Morris RT, Sliskovic I, Awonuga A, Abu-Soud HM. Hypochlorous acid reversibly inhibits caspase-3: a potential regulator of apoptosis. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:43-56. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1694675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Jeelani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Charalampos Chatzicharalampous
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - David Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert T. Morris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Inga Sliskovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Awoniyi Awonuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry and Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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32
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A carbazole-based fluorescent probe for ultra-fast detection of ClO− and its application to live cell imaging. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Anti-Hypochlorite and Catalytic Activity of Commercially Available Moringa oleifera Diet Supplement. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183330. [PMID: 31547417 PMCID: PMC6767131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at the assessment of the pro-health, and especially anti-hypochlorite properties of Moringa oleifera species a representative, commercially available Moringa oleifera dietary supplement was used as a substrate for the preparation of aqueous Moringa extract. The anti-hypochlorite activity of the extract was assessed using the hypochlorite-specific coumarin-based fluorescence turn-off sensor, namely 7-diethylamino-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-DCCA). This compound was synthesized via the Knoevenagel condensation of 4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with Meldrum's acid and the Moringa extract was employed as a medium and catalyst. Moreover, the total phenolic content (TPC) as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability of the aqueous Moringa extract were determined. The results obtained demonstrated the applicability of Moringa extract as an anti-hypochlorite agent. Additionally, the satisfactory yield of the 7-DCCA obtained suggests the usefulness of the extract as a catalyst and the reaction medium. The antioxidative potential of the extract was notably lower than that of the standard (TROLOX). Determination of TPC in 100 g of the dry weight (DW) of studied material revealed a high number of polyphones present.
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34
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Starzak K, Matwijczuk A, Creaven B, Matwijczuk A, Wybraniec S, Karcz D. Fluorescence Quenching-Based Mechanism for Determination of Hypochlorite by Coumarin-Derived Sensors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020281. [PMID: 30642004 PMCID: PMC6358793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorescence quenching-based mechanism for the determination of hypochlorite was proposed based on spectroscopic and chromatographic studies on the hypochlorite-sensing potency of three structurally similar and highly fluorescent coumarins. The mode of action was found to rely upon a chlorination of the coumarin-based probes resulting from their reaction with sodium hypochlorite. Importantly, the formation of chlorinated derivatives was accompanied by a linear decrease in the fluorescence intensities of the probes tested. The results obtained suggest the applicability of a coumarin-dependent hypochlorite recognition mechanism for the detection of, as well as for quantitative determination of, hypochlorite species in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Starzak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry (C1), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Bernadette Creaven
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland.
| | - Alicja Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Wybraniec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry (C1), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Karcz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry (C1), Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
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35
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Reichmann D, Voth W, Jakob U. Maintaining a Healthy Proteome during Oxidative Stress. Mol Cell 2019; 69:203-213. [PMID: 29351842 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most challenging stress conditions that organisms encounter during their lifetime involve the transient accumulation of reactive oxygen and chlorine species. Extremely reactive to amino acid side chains, these oxidants cause widespread protein unfolding and aggregation. It is therefore not surprising that cells draw on a variety of different strategies to counteract the damage and maintain a healthy proteome. Orchestrated largely by direct changes in the thiol oxidation status of key proteins, the response strategies involve all layers of protein protection. Reprogramming of basic biological functions helps decrease nascent protein synthesis and restore redox homeostasis. Mobilization of oxidative stress-activated chaperones and production of stress-resistant non-proteinaceous chaperones prevent irreversible protein aggregation. Finally, redox-controlled increase in proteasome activity removes any irreversibly damaged proteins. Together, these systems pave the way to restore protein homeostasis and enable organisms to survive stress conditions that are inevitable when living an aerobic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Reichmann
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Wilhelm Voth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.
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36
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Sena CM, Leandro A, Azul L, Seiça R, Perry G. Vascular Oxidative Stress: Impact and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1668. [PMID: 30564132 PMCID: PMC6288353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants and more recently as a disruption of redox signaling and control. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress can lead to cell and tissue injury having a fundamental role in vascular dysfunction. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) control vascular function by modulating various redox-sensitive signaling pathways. In vascular disorders, oxidative stress instigates endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, affecting several cells in the vascular wall. Vascular ROS are derived from multiple sources herein discussed, which are prime targets for therapeutic development. This review focuses on oxidative stress in vascular physiopathology and highlights different strategies to inhibit ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lara Azul
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, One UTSA Circle, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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37
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Nybo T, Cai H, Chuang CY, Gamon LF, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Davies MJ. Chlorination and oxidation of human plasma fibronectin by myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants, and its consequences for smooth muscle cell function. Redox Biol 2018; 19:388-400. [PMID: 30237127 PMCID: PMC6142189 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) occurs as both a soluble form, in plasma and at sites of tissue injury, and a cellular form in tissue extracellular matrices (ECM). FN is critical to wound repair, ECM structure and assembly, cell adhesion and proliferation. FN is reported to play a critical role in the development, progression and stability of cardiovascular atherosclerotic lesions, with high FN levels associated with a thick fibrotic cap, stable disease and a low risk of rupture. Evidence has been presented for FN modification by inflammatory oxidants, and particularly myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived species including hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The targets and consequences of FN modification are poorly understood. Here we show, using a newly-developed MS protocol, that HOCl and an enzymatic MPO system, generate site-specific dose-dependent Tyr chlorination and dichlorination (up to 16 of 100 residues modified), and oxidation of Trp (7 of 39 residues), Met (3 of 26) and His (1 of 55) within selected FN domains, and particularly the heparin- and cell-binding regions. These alterations increase FN binding to heparin-containing columns. Studies using primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) show that exposure to HOCl-modified FN, results in decreased adherence, increased proliferation and altered expression of genes involved in ECM synthesis and remodelling. These findings indicate that the presence of modified fibronectin may play a major role in the formation, development and stabilisation of fibrous caps in atherosclerotic lesions and may play a key role in the switching of quiescent contractile smooth muscle cells to a migratory, synthetic and proliferative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Nybo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huan Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Y Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luke F Gamon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Peng H, Zhang K, Liu Z, Xu Q, You B, Li C, Cao J, Zhou H, Li X, Chen J, Cheng G, Shi R, Zhang G. VPO1 Modulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switch by Activating Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e010069. [PMID: 30371171 PMCID: PMC6201418 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a critical molecular signal in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm ( AAA ) formation. Vascular peroxidase 1 ( VPO 1) catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid ( HOC l) from H2O2 and significantly enhances oxidative stress. The switch from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic one in vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMC s) is driven by reactive oxygen species and is recognized as an early and important event in AAA formation. This study aims to determine if VPO 1 plays a critical role in the development of AAA by regulating VSMC phenotypic switch. Methods and Results VPO 1 is upregulated in human and elastase-induced mouse aneurysmal tissues compared with healthy control tissues. Additionally, KLF 4, a nuclear transcriptional factor, is upregulated in aneurysmatic tissues along with a concomitant downregulation of differentiated smooth muscle cell markers and an increase of synthetic phenotypic markers, indicating VSMC phenotypic switch in these diseased tissues. In cultured VSMC s from rat abdominal aorta, H2O2 treatment significantly increases VPO 1 expression and HOC l levels as well as VSMC phenotypic switch. In support of these findings, depletion of VPO 1 significantly attenuates the effects of H2O2 and HOC l treatment. Furthermore, HOC l treatment promotes VSMC phenotypic switch and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Pretreatment with U0126 (a specific inhibitor of ERK 1/2) significantly attenuates HOC l-induced VSMC phenotypic switch. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that VPO 1 modulates VSMC phenotypic switch through the H2O2/ VPO 1/ HOC l/ ERK 1/2 signaling pathway and plays a key role in the development of AAA . Our findings also implicate VPO 1 as a novel signaling node that mediates VSMC phenotypic switch and plays a key role in the development of AAA . Clinical Trial Registration URL : www.chictr.org.cn . Unique identifier: Chi CTR 1800016922.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/cytology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Hemeproteins/drug effects
- Hemeproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Hypochlorous Acid/pharmacology
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Oxidants/pharmacology
- Peroxidases/drug effects
- Peroxidases/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Reactive Oxygen Species
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Baiyang You
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Honghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Humanistic NursingXiangya Nursing SchoolCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamAL
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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Interactions of staphyloxanthin and enterobactin with myeloperoxidase and reactive chlorine species. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 646:80-89. [PMID: 29614256 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
When neutrophils engulf bacteria, myeloperoxidase converts hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid, which is toxic to all micro-organisms. It has been suggested that some pathogens have virulence factors that target myeloperoxidase to dampen the oxidative reactions of neutrophils. These virulence factors include staphyloxanthin, the golden pigment of Staphylococcus aureus, and enterobactin - a siderophore released by gram-negative bacteria. We investigated the potential of staphyloxanthin and enterobactin to shield bacteria from hypochlorous acid and related chloramines. Clinical strains of S. aureus with high levels of staphyloxanthin and related carotenoids were in general more resistant to low doses of hypochlorous acid than non-pigmented bacteria. But some non-pigmented strains were also resistant to the oxidant. Doses of reactive chlorine species that killed bacteria also bleached their carotenoids. Hypochlorous acid, NH2Cl, and NHCl2 bleached purified staphyloxanthin. When S. aureus were phagocytosed by neutrophils there was no discernible loss of staphyloxanthin. These data suggest that staphyloxanthin is capable of protecting bacteria from low doses of reactive chlorine species formed inside phagosomes. Enterobactin was not an inhibitor of myeloperoxidase. We conclude that staphyloxanthin may protect some bacterial strains against oxidative killing by neutrophils, but enterobactin will not inhibit the production of hypochlorous acid.
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40
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A myeloperoxidase precursor, pro-myeloperoxidase, is present in human plasma and elevated in cardiovascular disease patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192952. [PMID: 29590135 PMCID: PMC5873943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived oxidants have emerged as a key contributor to tissue damage in inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Pro-myeloperoxidase (pro-MPO), an enzymatically active precursor of myeloperoxidase (MPO), is known to be secreted from cultured bone marrow and promyelocytic leukemia cells, but evidence for the presence of pro-MPO in circulation is lacking. In the present study, we used a LC-MS/MS in addition to immunoblot analyses to show that pro-MPO is present in human blood plasma. Furthermore, we found that pro-MPO was more frequently detected in plasma from patients with myocardial infarction compared to plasma from control donors. Our study suggests that in addition to mature MPO, circulating pro-MPO may cause oxidative modifications of proteins thereby contributing to cardiovascular disease.
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41
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Forbes LV, Kettle AJ. A multi-substrate assay for finding physiologically effective inhibitors of myeloperoxidase. Anal Biochem 2018; 544:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Carvalho LAC, Lopes JPPB, Kaihami GH, Silva RP, Bruni-Cardoso A, Baldini RL, Meotti FC. Uric acid disrupts hypochlorous acid production and the bactericidal activity of HL-60 cells. Redox Biol 2018; 16:179-188. [PMID: 29510342 PMCID: PMC5952876 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and is an alternative physiological substrate for myeloperoxidase. Oxidation of uric acid by this enzyme generates uric acid free radical and urate hydroperoxide, a strong oxidant and potentially bactericide agent. In this study, we investigated whether the oxidation of uric acid and production of urate hydroperoxide would affect the killing activity of HL-60 cells differentiated into neutrophil-like cells (dHL-60) against a highly virulent strain (PA14) of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While bacterial cell counts decrease due to dHL-60 killing, incubation with uric acid inhibits this activity, also decreasing the release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). In a myeloperoxidase/Cl-/H2O2 cell-free system, uric acid inhibited the production of HOCl and bacterial killing. Fluorescence microscopy showed that uric acid also decreased the levels of HOCl produced by dHL-60 cells, while significantly increased superoxide production. Uric acid did not alter the overall oxidative status of dHL-60 cells as measured by the ratio of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Our data show that uric acid impairs the killing activity of dHL-60 cells likely by competing with chloride by myeloperoxidase catalysis, decreasing HOCl production. Despite diminishing HOCl, uric acid probably stimulates the formation of other oxidants, maintaining the overall oxidative status of the cells. Altogether, our results demonstrated that HOCl is, indeed, the main relevant oxidant against bacteria and deviation of myeloperoxidase activity to produce other oxidants hampers dHL-60 killing activity. Uric acid decreased microbicide activity and release of cytokines by dHL-60 cells. Uric acid decreased HOCl in cells and in the myeloperoxidase/Cl-/H2O2 system. Uric acid induces a pro-oxidant redox imbalance. HOCl is crucial for Pseudomonas aeruginosa killing by dHL-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A C Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P P B Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto H Kaihami
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Railmara P Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina L Baldini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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43
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Corteselli EM, Samet JM, Gibbs-Flournoy EA. Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443110 DOI: 10.3791/56945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While oxidative stress is a commonly cited toxicological mechanism, conventional methods to study it suffer from a number of shortcomings, including destruction of the sample, introduction of potential artifacts, and a lack of specificity for the reactive species involved. Thus, there is a current need in the field of toxicology for non-destructive, sensitive, and specific methods that can be used to observe and quantify intracellular redox perturbations, more commonly referred to as oxidative stress. Here, we present a method for the use of two genetically-encoded fluorogenic sensors, roGFP2 and HyPer, to be used in live-cell imaging studies to observe xenobiotic-induced oxidative responses. roGFP2 equilibrates with the glutathione redox potential (EGSH), while HyPer directly detects hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Both sensors can be expressed into various cell types via transfection or transduction, and can be targeted to specific cellular compartments. Most importantly, live-cell microscopy using these sensors offers high spatial and temporal resolution that is not possible using conventional methods. Changes in the fluorescence intensity monitored at 510 nm serves as the readout for both genetically-encoded fluorogenic sensors when sequentially excited by 404 nm and 488 nm light. This property makes both sensors ratiometric, eliminating common microscopy artifacts and correcting for differences in sensor expression between cells. This methodology can be applied across a variety of fluorometric platforms capable of exciting and collecting emissions at the prescribed wavelengths, making it suitable for use with confocal imaging systems, conventional wide-field microscopy, and plate readers. Both genetically-encoded fluorogenic sensors have been used in a variety of cell types and toxicological studies to monitor cellular EGSH and H2O2 generation in real-time. Outlined here is a standardized method that is widely adaptable across cell types and fluorometric platforms for the application of roGFP2 and HyPer in live-cell toxicological assessments of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Corteselli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;
| | - Eugene A Gibbs-Flournoy
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
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44
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Zhang R, Song B, Yuan J. Bioanalytical methods for hypochlorous acid detection: Recent advances and challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Verrastro I, Tveen-Jensen K, Spickett CM, Pitt AR. The effect of HOCl-induced modifications on phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) structure and function. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:232-247. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1424333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Verrastro
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew R. Pitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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46
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Zhang Z, Pei K, Yang Q, Dong J, Yan Z, Chen J. A nanosensor made of sulfur–nitrogen co-doped carbon dots for “off–on” sensing of hypochlorous acid and Zn(ii) and its bioimaging properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a facile one-step solvothermal strategy for the fabrication of sulfur–nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (SNCDs) using p-phenylenediamine and cysteamine hydrochloride as the precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Zhang
- School of Science
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ke Pei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
| | - Qiulian Yang
- School of Science
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jiayu Dong
- School of Science
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zhengyu Yan
- School of Science
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- School of Science
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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47
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You B, Liu Y, Chen J, Huang X, Peng H, Liu Z, Tang Y, Zhang K, Xu Q, Li X, Cheng G, Shi R, Zhang G. Vascular peroxidase 1 mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance and migration. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 114:188-199. [PMID: 29186367 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles in the pulmonary vascular remodelling associated with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) is a newly identified haeme-containing peroxidase that accelerates oxidative stress development in the vasculature. This study aimed to determine the potential role of VPO1 in hypoxia-induced PH-related vascular remodelling.
Methods and results
The vascular morphology and VPO1 expression were assessed in the pulmonary arteries of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4) and VPO1 expression and HOCl production were significantly increased in hypoxic rats, which also exhibited obvious vascular remodelling. Furthermore, a hypoxia-induced PH model was generated by exposing primary rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) to hypoxic conditions (3% O2, 48 h), which significantly increased the expression of NOX4 and VPO1 and the production of HOCl. These hypoxic changes were accompanied by enhanced proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and migration. In PASMCs, hypoxia-induced changes, including effects on the expression of cell cycle regulators (cyclin B1 and cyclin D1), apoptosis-related proteins (bax, bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3), migration promoters (matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9), and NF-κB expression, as well as the production of HOCl, were all inhibited by silencing VPO1 with small interfering RNAs. Moreover, treatment with HOCl under hypoxic conditions upregulated NF-κB expression and enhanced proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and migration in PASMCs, whereas BAY 11-7082 (an inhibitor of NF-κB) significantly inhibited these effects.
Conclusion
Collectively, these results demonstrate that VPO1 promotes hypoxia-induced proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and migration in PASMCs via the NOX4/VPO1/HOCl/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Humanistic Nursing, Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Bertozo LDC, Zeraik ML, Ximenes VF. Dansylglycine, a fluorescent probe for specific determination of halogenating activity of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase. Anal Biochem 2017; 532:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, engulf microbes into phagosomes and launch chemical attacks to kill and degrade them. Such a critical innate immune function necessitates ion participation. Chloride, the most abundant anion in the human body, is an indispensable constituent of the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2 O2 -halide system that produces the potent microbicide hypochlorous acid (HOCl). It also serves as a balancing ion to set membrane potentials, optimize cytosolic and phagosomal pH, and regulate phagosomal enzymatic activities. Deficient supply of this anion to or defective attainment of this anion by phagocytes is linked to innate immune defects. However, how phagocytes acquire chloride from their residing environment especially when they are deployed to epithelium-lined lumens, and how chloride is intracellularly transported to phagosomes remain largely unknown. This review article will provide an overview of chloride protein carriers, potential mechanisms for phagocytic chloride preservation and acquisition, intracellular chloride supply to phagosomes for oxidant production, and methods to measure chloride levels in phagocytes and their phagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Wang
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Genetics and Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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50
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Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6501046. [PMID: 28698768 PMCID: PMC5494111 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6501046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are relevant in the evaluation of the disease status and of the health-enhancing effects of antioxidants. We aim to discuss the major methodological bias of methods used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in humans. There is a lack of consensus concerning the validation, standardization, and reproducibility of methods for the measurement of the following: (1) ROS in leukocytes and platelets by flow cytometry, (2) markers based on ROS-induced modifications of lipids, DNA, and proteins, (3) enzymatic players of redox status, and (4) total antioxidant capacity of human body fluids. It has been suggested that the bias of each method could be overcome by using indexes of oxidative stress that include more than one marker. However, the choice of the markers considered in the global index should be dictated by the aim of the study and its design, as well as by the clinical relevance in the selected subjects. In conclusion, the clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans must come from a critical analysis of the markers that should give an overall index of redox status in particular conditions.
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