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Sangineto M, Ciarnelli M, Colangelo T, Moola A, Bukke VN, Duda L, Villani R, Romano A, Giandomenico S, Kanwal H, Serviddio G. Monocyte bioenergetics: An immunometabolic perspective in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101564. [PMID: 38733988 PMCID: PMC11148801 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes (Mos) are crucial in the evolution of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and immunometabolism studies have recently suggested targeting leukocyte bioenergetics in inflammatory diseases. Here, we reveal a peculiar bioenergetic phenotype in circulating Mos of patients with MASH, characterized by high levels of glycolysis and mitochondrial (mt) respiration. The enhancement of mt respiratory chain activity, especially complex II (succinate dehydrogenase [SDH]), is unbalanced toward the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is sustained at the transcriptional level with the involvement of the AMPK-mTOR-PGC-1α axis. The modulation of mt activity with dimethyl malonate (DMM), an SDH inhibitor, restores the metabolic profile and almost abrogates cytokine production. Analysis of a public single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset confirms that in murine models of MASH, liver Mo-derived macrophages exhibit an upregulation of mt and glycolytic energy pathways. Accordingly, the DMM injection in MASH mice contrasts Mo infiltration and macrophagic enrichment, suggesting immunometabolism as a potential target in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moris Sangineto
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Martina Ciarnelli
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; Cancer Cell Signalling Unit, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71043 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Archana Moola
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Loren Duda
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonino Romano
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Giandomenico
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Hina Kanwal
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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2
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Parola M, Pinzani M. Liver fibrosis in NAFLD/NASH: from pathophysiology towards diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 95:101231. [PMID: 38056058 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, as an excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, results from chronic liver injury as well as persistent activation of inflammatory response and of fibrogenesis. Liver fibrosis is a major determinant for chronic liver disease (CLD) progression and in the last two decades our understanding on the major molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the fibrogenic progression of CLD has dramatically improved, boosting pre-clinical studies and clinical trials designed to find novel therapeutic approaches. From these studies several critical concepts have emerged, starting to reveal the complexity of the pro-fibrotic microenvironment which involves very complex, dynamic and interrelated interactions between different hepatic and extrahepatic cell populations. This review will offer first a recapitulation of established and novel pathophysiological basic principles and concepts by intentionally focus the attention on NAFLD/NASH, a metabolic-related form of CLD with a high impact on the general population and emerging as a leading cause of CLD worldwide. NAFLD/NASH-related pro-inflammatory and profibrogenic mechanisms will be analysed as well as novel information on cells, mediators and signalling pathways which have taken advantage from novel methodological approaches and techniques (single cell genomics, imaging mass cytometry, novel in vitro two- and three-dimensional models, etc.). We will next offer an overview on recent advancement in diagnostic and prognostic tools, including serum biomarkers and polygenic scores, to support the analysis of liver biopsies. Finally, this review will provide an analysis of current and emerging therapies for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Parola
- Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine - Royal Free Hospital, London, NW32PF, United Kingdom.
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3
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Lu Y, Hu J, Chen L, Li S, Yuan M, Tian X, Cao P, Qiu Z. Ferroptosis as an emerging therapeutic target in liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1196287. [PMID: 37256232 PMCID: PMC10225528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1196287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependently nonapoptotic cell death characterized by excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and cellular iron metabolism disturbances. Impaired iron homeostasis and dysregulation of metabolic pathways are contributors to ferroptosis. As a major metabolic hub, the liver synthesizes and transports plasma proteins and endogenous fatty acids. Also, it acts as the primary location of iron storage for hepcidin generation and secretion. To date, although the intricate correlation between ferroptosis and liver disorders needs to be better defined, there is no doubt that ferroptosis participates in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Accordingly, pharmacological induction and inhibition of ferroptosis show significant potential for the treatment of hepatic disorders involved in lipid peroxidation. In this review, we outline the prominent features, molecular mechanisms, and modulatory networks of ferroptosis and its physiopathologic functions in the progression of liver diseases. Further, this review summarizes the underlying mechanisms by which ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors ameliorate liver diseases. It is noteworthy that natural active ingredients show efficacy in preclinical liver disease models by regulating ferroptosis. Finally, we analyze crucial concepts and urgent issues concerning ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic target in the diagnosis and therapy of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianxiang Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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4
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Faber E, Tshilwane SI, Van Kleef M, Pretorius A. The impact of Escherichia coli contamination products present in recombinant African horse sickness virus serotype 4 proteins on the innate and humoral immune responses. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Verbeke R, Hogan MJ, Loré K, Pardi N. Innate immune mechanisms of mRNA vaccines. Immunity 2022; 55:1993-2005. [PMID: 36351374 PMCID: PMC9641982 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA platform has been used to generate safe and effective vaccines in record time against COVID-19. Here, we review the current understanding of the manner whereby mRNA vaccines induce innate immune activation and how this contributes to protective immunity. We discuss innate immune sensing of mRNA vaccines at the cellular and intracellular levels and consider the contribution of both the mRNA and the LNP components to their immunogenicity. A key message that is emerging from recent observations is that the LNP carrier acts as a powerful adjuvant for this novel vaccine platform. In this context, we highlight important gaps in understanding and discuss how new insight into the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of mRNA-LNP vaccines may enable tailoring mRNA and carrier molecules to develop vaccines with greater effectiveness and milder adverse events in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Michael J Hogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Morris G, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Redox regulation of the immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1079-1101. [PMID: 36056148 PMCID: PMC9508259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The aim of this mechanistic review is to examine: (a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes, ROS/RNS production, and the activity of cellular antioxidants in the activation and performance of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells; (b) the involvement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and oxidized phospholipids in regulating the immune response; and (c) the detrimental effects of hypernitrosylation and chronic nitro-oxidative stress on the immune response. The redox changes during immune-inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the actions of nuclear factor-κB, HIF1α, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The performance and survival of individual immune cells is under redox control and depends on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. They are heavily influenced by cellular antioxidants including the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the HDL/ApoA1/PON1 complex. Chronic nitro-oxidative stress and hypernitrosylation inhibit the activity of those antioxidant systems, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial functions, and the metabolism of immune cells. In conclusion, redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, macrophage and T helper cell polarization, phagocytosis, production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune training and tolerance, chemotaxis, pathogen sensing, antiviral and antibacterial effects, Toll-like receptor activity, and endotoxin tolerance.
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7
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Lauková L, Weber V. Activated Platelets and Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate COVID-19-Associated Immunothrombosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:914891. [PMID: 35874830 PMCID: PMC9299085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.914891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as central players in thromboembolic complications associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Platelets bridge hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune responses by their ability to sense pathogens via various pattern recognition receptors, and they respond to infection through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms. Dysregulated platelet activation, however, can lead to immunothrombosis, a simultaneous overactivation of blood coagulation and the innate immune response. Mediators released by activated platelets in response to infection, such as antimicrobial peptides, high mobility group box 1 protein, platelet factor 4 (PF4), and PF4+ extracellular vesicles promote neutrophil activation, resulting in the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and histones. Many of the factors released during platelet and neutrophil activation are positively charged and interact with endogenous heparan sulfate or exogenously administered heparin via electrostatic interactions or via specific binding sites. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of platelets and platelet-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of immunothrombosis, and we discuss the potential of extracorporeal therapies using adsorbents functionalized with heparin to deplete platelet-derived and neutrophil-derived mediators of immunothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
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8
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Henrik SZŐKE, István BÓKKON, David M, Jan V, Ágnes K, Zoltán K, Ferenc F, Tibor K, László SL, Ádám D, Odilia M, Andrea K. The innate immune system and fever under redox control: A Narrative Review. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4324-4362. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220203122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
In living cells, redox potential is vitally important for normal physiological processes that are closely regulated by antioxidants, free amino acids and proteins that either have reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capture capability or can be compartmentalized. Although hundreds of experiments support the regulatory role of free radicals and their derivatives, several authors continue to claim that these perform only harmful and non-regulatory functions. In this paper we show that countless intracellular and extracellular signal pathways are directly or indirectly linked to regulated redox processes. We also briefly discuss how artificial oxidative stress can have important therapeutic potential and the possible negative effects of popular antioxidant supplements.
Next, we present the argument supported by a large number of studies that several major components of innate immunity, as well as fever, is also essentially associated with regulated redox processes. Our goal is to point out that the production of excess or unregulated free radicals and reactive species can be secondary processes due to the perturbed cellular signal pathways. However, researchers on pharmacology should consider the important role of redox mechanisms in the innate immune system and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- SZŐKE Henrik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - BÓKKON István
- Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Vision Research Institute,
Lowell, MA, USA
| | - martin David
- Department of Human Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Vagedes Jan
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - kiss Ágnes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - kovács Zoltán
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - fekete Ferenc
- Department of Nyerges Gábor Pediatric Infectology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - kocsis Tibor
- Department of Clinical Governance, Hungarian National Ambulance Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - kisbenedek Andrea
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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9
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Hoebinger C, Rajcic D, Hendrikx T. Oxidized Lipids: Common Immunogenic Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:824481. [PMID: 35083304 PMCID: PMC8784685 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.824481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple steatosis to inflammatory steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, continues to rise, making it one of the major chronic liver diseases and indications for liver transplantation worldwide. The pathological processes underlying NAFLD not only affect the liver but are also likely to have systemic effects. In fact, growing evidence indicates that patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for developing atherosclerosis. Indeed, cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Here, we aim to address common pathophysiological molecular pathways involved in chronic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. In particular, we focus on the role of oxidized lipids and the formation of oxidation-specific epitopes, which are important targets of host immunity. Acting as metabolic danger signals, they drive pro-inflammatory processes and thus contribute to disease progression. Finally, we summarize encouraging studies indicating that oxidized lipids are promising immunological targets to improve intervention strategies for NAFLD and potentially limit the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Hoebinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Metabolic regulation of ferroptosis in the tumor microenvironment. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101617. [PMID: 35065965 PMCID: PMC8892088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death triggered by impaired redox and antioxidant machinery and propagated by the accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides. A compendium of experimental studies suggest that ferroptosis is tumor-suppressive. Sensitivity or resistance to ferroptosis can be regulated by cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous metabolic mechanisms. This includes a role for ferroptosis that extends beyond the tumor cells themselves, mediated by components of the tumor microenvironment, including T cells and other immune cells. Herein, we review the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that promote the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis and conclude by describing approaches to harness the full utility of ferroptotic agents as therapeutic options for cancer therapy.
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11
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Chavez-Dominguez R, Perez-Medina M, Aguilar-Cazares D, Galicia-Velasco M, Meneses-Flores M, Islas-Vazquez L, Camarena A, Lopez-Gonzalez JS. Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:722999. [PMID: 34881173 PMCID: PMC8645998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens or genotoxic agents continuously affect the human body. Acute inflammatory reaction induced by a non-sterile or sterile environment is triggered for the efficient elimination of insults that caused the damage. According to the insult, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, and homeostasis-altering molecular processes are released to facilitate the arrival of tissue resident and circulating cells to the injured zone to promote harmful agent elimination and tissue regeneration. However, when inflammation is maintained, a chronic phenomenon is induced, in which phagocytic cells release toxic molecules damaging the harmful agent and the surrounding healthy tissues, thereby inducing DNA lesions. In this regard, chronic inflammation has been recognized as a risk factor of cancer development by increasing the genomic instability of transformed cells and by creating an environment containing proliferation signals. Based on the cancer immunoediting concept, a rigorous and regulated inflammation process triggers participation of innate and adaptive immune responses for efficient elimination of transformed cells. When immune response does not eliminate all transformed cells, an equilibrium phase is induced. Therefore, excessive inflammation amplifies local damage caused by the continuous arrival of inflammatory/immune cells. To regulate the overstimulation of inflammatory/immune cells, a network of mechanisms that inhibit or block the cell overactivity must be activated. Transformed cells may take advantage of this process to proliferate and gradually grow until they become preponderant over the immune cells, preserving, increasing, or creating a microenvironment to evade the host immune response. In this microenvironment, tumor cells resist the attack of the effector immune cells or instruct them to sustain tumor growth and development until its clinical consequences. With tumor development, evolving, complex, and overlapping microenvironments are arising. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of cytokine, immune, and tumor cell interactions and their role in the intricated process will impact the combination of current or forthcoming therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Medina
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Galicia-Velasco
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Meneses-Flores
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio de Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose S Lopez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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13
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Koksal E, Ustun YB, Bilgin S, Aksoy A, Das YK, Yarim M, Ozkan F, Kaya C, Dost B. The effects of dexketoprofen on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental study. Braz J Anesthesiol 2021; 72:365-371. [PMID: 34411625 PMCID: PMC9373263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) may cause irreversible damage to tissues and organs. We evaluated the effects of dexketoprofen on a renal I/R model in rats. Methods The study included 30 male rats. Control group received 1 mL of saline. Dexketoprofen group received 1 mL (25 mg) of dexketoprofen intraperitoneally. After 60 minutes renal ischemia, 23 hours reperfusion was applied. In Sham group, laparotomy was performed with a medial line incision without any additional procedure. Changes in the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), renal tissue MDA, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), BUN, creatinine and albumin levels, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results CAT values were significantly lower in Control as compared with the Sham group. Plasma levels of MDA in the Control group were significantly higher than in the Dexketoprofen group. BUN and creatinine values were significantly higher in the Dexketoprofen group. The severity of tissue injury in the Dexketoprofen group was significantly higher than in Control and Sham groups Conclusion Although dexketoprofen reduces the I/R-induced systemic inflammation, it increases renal tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Koksal
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Burcu Ustun
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bilgin
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Aksoy
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Kursad Das
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Yarim
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozkan
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kaya
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Burhan Dost
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun, Turkey
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Farella I, Panza R, Capozza M, Laforgia N. Lecithinized superoxide dismutase in the past and in the present: Any role in the actual pandemia of COVID-19? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111922. [PMID: 34323703 PMCID: PMC8277551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) pandemic is devastating the public health: it is urgent to find a viable therapy to reduce the multiorgan damage of the disease. A validated therapeutic protocol is still missing. The most severe forms of the disease are related to an exaggerated inflammatory response. The pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the amplification of inflammation makes the antioxidants a potential therapy, but clinical trials are needed. The lecitinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) could represent a possibility because of bioaviability, safety, and its modulatory effect on the innate immune response in reducing the harmful consequences of oxidative stress. In this review we summarize the evidence on lecitinized superoxide dismutase in animal and human studies, to highlight the rationale for using the PC-SOD to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Farella
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and 6 Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital-Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Panza
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and 6 Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital-Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Manuela Capozza
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and 6 Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital-Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and 6 Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital-Piazza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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15
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Krzemień P, Kasperczyk S, Banach M, Kasperczyk A, Dobrakowski M, Tomasik T, Windak A, Mastej M, Catapano A, Ray KK, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Howard G, Lip GY, Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Sattar N, Williams B, MacDonald TM, Penson PE, Jóźwiak JJ. Serum antinuclear autoantibodies are associated with measures of oxidative stress and lifestyle factors: analysis of LIPIDOGRAM2015 and LIPIDOGEN2015 studies. Arch Med Sci 2021; 19:1214-1227. [PMID: 37732061 PMCID: PMC10507751 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/139313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress is one of many factors suspected to promote antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) formation. Reactive oxygen species can induce changes in the antigenic structure of macromolecules, causing the immune system to treat them as "neo-antigens" and start production of autoantibodies. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress markers, lifestyle factors and the detection of ANA. Material and methods We examined measures of oxidative stress indices of free-radical damage to lipids and proteins, such as total oxidant status (TOS), concentration of protein thiol groups (PSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 1731 serum samples. The parameters of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, such as total antioxidant status (TAS) and uric acid (UA) concentration, were also measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI-index) was calculated. All samples were tested for the presence of ANA using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). Results The presence of ANA in women was associated with lower physical activity (p = 0.036), less frequent smoking (p = 0.007) and drinking of alcohol (p = 0.024) accompanied by significant changes in SOD isoenzymes activity (p < 0.001) and a higher uric acid (UA) concentration (p < 0.001). In ANA positive males we observed lower concentrations of PSH (p = 0.046) and increased concentrations of MDA (p = 0.047). Conclusions The results indicate that local oxidative stress may be associated with increased probability of ANA formation in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Alberico Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Kausik K. Ray
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, Maryland, USA
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois IL, USA
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Gregory Y.H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi J. Charchar
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat VIC 3350, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Williams
- NIHR University College London Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. MacDonald
- MEMO Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E. Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek J. Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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16
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Boyer DS, Gonzalez VH, Kunimoto DY, Maturi RK, Roe RH, Singer MA, Xavier S, Kornfield JA, Kuppermann BD, Quiroz-Mercado H, Aubel J, Karageozian HL, Park JY, Karageozian VH, Karageozian L, Sarayba MA, Kaiser PK. Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Risuteganib for Non-Exudative AMD: A Multicenter, Phase 2a, Randomized, Clinical Trial. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2021; 52:327-335. [PMID: 34185587 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20210528-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1.0 mg risuteganib in subjects with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a phase 2a, prospective, double-masked, sham-controlled study. Eyes with nonexudative (dry) AMD and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/40 and 20/200 were included. Subjects were randomized to intravitreal 1.0 mg risuteganib or sham injection. At Week 16, subjects in the risuteganib group received a second 1.0-mg dose and the sham group crossed over to receive a dose of 1.0 mg risuteganib and were evaluated at Week 28. The primary endpoint was proportion of subjects with 8 letters ETDRS or more BCVA gain from baseline to Week 28 in the risuteganib group versus baseline to Week 12 for the sham group. BCVA was tested and subjects were observed for adverse events (AEs) every 4 weeks until completion of the study at 32 weeks. RESULTS Forty-five subjects (risuteganib, n = 29; sham, n = 16) were enrolled in the study, of whom 39 (risuteganib, n = 25; sham, n = 14) completed the study and were included in the per protocol efficacy analysis. At baseline, mean age was 78.8 and 75.9 years and mean BCVA was 67.1 and 64.4 letters in the sham and risuteganib groups, respectively. The primary endpoint was met by 48% of the risuteganib group at Week 28 and 7% of the sham group at Week 12 (P = .013). Of the risuteganib subjects, 20% gained 15 letters or more at Week 28, whereas no patients in the sham group at Week 12 achieved this visual acuity gain. The only ocular treatment-related treatment-emergent AE was vitreous floaters, which spontaneously recovered without sequelae. No drug-related serious AE was reported. CONCLUSIONS Risuteganib demonstrated significant BCVA improvement in patients with non-exudative AMD. No drug-related AEs were seen during a 32-week observation period. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:327-335.].
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Hara T, Yamamura K, Sakai Y. The up-to-date pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1284. [PMID: 33981434 PMCID: PMC8109476 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of an unknown aetiology. A small proportion of children exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) or infected by Yersinia reproducibly develop principal symptoms of KD in various ethnic areas, but not in all studies. These microbes provoke a rapid cell‐damaging process, called ‘pyroptosis’, which is characterised by a subsequent release of proinflammatory cellular components from damaged endothelial and innate immune cells. In agreement with these molecular events, patients with KD show elevated levels of damage‐associated molecular patterns derived from cell death. In addition, an overwhelming amount of oxidative stress‐associated molecules, including oxidised phospholipids or low‐density lipoproteins, are generated as by‐products of inflammation during the acute phase of the disease. These molecules induce abnormalities in the acquired immune system and activate innate immune and vascular cells to produce a range of proinflammatory molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, proteases and reactive oxygen species. These responses further recruit immune cells to the arterial wall, wherein inflammation and oxidative stress closely interact and mutually amplify each other. The inflammasome, a key component of the innate immune system, plays an essential role in the development of vasculitis in KD. Thus, innate immune memory, or ‘trained immunity’, may promote vasculitis in KD. Hence, this review will be helpful in understanding the pathophysiologic pathways leading to the development of principal KD symptoms and coronary artery lesions in patients with KD, as well as in subsets of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 and Yersinia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Hara
- Kawasaki Disease Center Fukuoka Children's Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yamamura
- Department of Perinatal and Pediatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus causes dengue fever (DF)disease, transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The symptoms could be severe and disable the affected individuals for weeks. The severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), can lead to death if not adequately attended to. Due to global warming, the vector mosquito will advance over new areas and expose more people to this disease over the next decades. Despite the severity, there are no treatments nor efficient vaccines available. Metabolomic studies have shown a new perspective to understand this disease better at a new molecular level. AIM OF REVIEW Many published works rely on samples obtained from animal studies. This review will mainly focus on human samples and cell culture experiments to view how the dengue virus affects the metabolomic profile. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The review compiles the sample sources, metabolomic techniques used, the detected compounds, and how they behave in different DF stages. This disease causes a significant change in many metabolites, but some results are still conflicting between studies. The results gathered here show that metabolomic approaches prove to be an excellent and viable way to expand knowledge about DF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Inacio Carvalho
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Seok JK, Hong EH, Yang G, Lee HE, Kim SE, Liu KH, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Oxidized Phospholipids in Tumor Microenvironment Stimulate Tumor Metastasis via Regulation of Autophagy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030558. [PMID: 33806593 PMCID: PMC8001732 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids are well known to play physiological and pathological roles in regulating cellular homeostasis and disease progression. However, their role in cancer metastasis has not been entirely understood. In this study, effects of oxidized phosphatidylcholines such as 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy were determined in cancer cells by immunoblotting and confocal analysis. Metastasis was analyzed by a scratch wound assay and a transwell migration/invasion assay. The concentrations of POVPC and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (PGPC) in tumor tissues obtained from patients were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. POVPC induced EMT, resulting in increase of migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and human breast cancer cells (MCF7). POVPC induced autophagic flux through AMPK-mTOR pathway. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of autophagy decreased migration and invasion of POVPC-treated HepG2 and MCF7 cells. POVPC and PGPC levels were greatly increased at stage II of patient-derived intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissues. PGPC levels were higher in malignant breast tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues. The results show that oxidized phosphatidylcholines increase metastatic potential of cancer cells by promoting EMT, mediated through autophagy. These suggest the positive regulatory role of oxidized phospholipids accumulated in tumor microenvironment in the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Seok
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Eun-Hee Hong
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) Central Research Institute, Daejeon 34101, Korea
| | - Gabsik Yang
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Immunotherapy Research Lab, Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54986, Korea
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Sin-Eun Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Han Chang Kang
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-2-2164-4095
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20
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Stirton H, Meek BP, Edel AL, Solati Z, Surendran A, Aukema H, Modirrousta M, Ravandi A. Oxolipidomics profile in major depressive disorder: Comparing remitters and non-remitters to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246592. [PMID: 33571313 PMCID: PMC7877633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation [rTMS] is increasingly being used to treat Major Depressive Disorder [MDD]. Given that not all patients respond to rTMS, it would be clinically useful to have reliable biomarkers that predict treatment response. Oxidized phosphatidylcholine [OxPC] and some oxylipins are important plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Not only is depression associated with oxidative stress, but rTMS has been shown to have anti-oxidative effects. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether plasma oxolipidomics profiles could predict treatment response in patients with treatment resistant MDD. METHODS Fourty-eight patients undergoing rTMS treatment for MDD were recruited along with nine healthy control subjects. Plasma OxPCs and oxylipins were extracted and analyzed through high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Patients with a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score [Ham-D] ≤7 post-treatment were defined as having entered remission. RESULTS Fifty-seven OxPC and 32 oxylipin species were identified in our subjects. MDD patients who entered remission following rTMS had significantly higher pre-rTMS levels of total and fragmented OxPCs compared to non-remitters and controls [one-way ANOVA, p<0.05]. However, no significant changes in OxPC levels were found as a result of rTMS, regardless of treatment response [p>0.05]. No differences in plasma oxylipins were found between remitters and non-remitters at baseline. CONCLUSION Certain categories of OxPCs may be useful predictive biomarkers for response to rTMS treatment in MDD. Given that elevated oxidized lipids may indicate higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, patients with this phenotype of depression may be more receptive to rTMS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stirton
- Cardiovascular Lipidomics Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Meek
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Edel
- Cardiovascular Lipidomics Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zahra Solati
- Cardiovascular Lipidomics Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Arun Surendran
- Cardiovascular Lipidomics Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold Aukema
- Cardiovascular Lipidomics Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mandana Modirrousta
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail: (MM); (AR)
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Cardiovascular Lipidomics Laboratory, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail: (MM); (AR)
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Sanches JM, Correia-Silva RD, Duarte GHB, Fernandes AMAP, Sánchez-Vinces S, Carvalho PO, Oliani SM, Bortoluci KR, Moreira V, Gil CD. Role of Annexin A1 in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Murine Neutrophils. Cells 2021; 10:121. [PMID: 33440601 PMCID: PMC7827236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the role of endogenous and exogenous annexin A1 (AnxA1) in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in isolated peritoneal neutrophils. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and AnxA1 knockout mice (AnxA1-/-) received 0.3% carrageenan intraperitoneally and, after 3 h, the peritoneal exudate was collected. WT and AnxA1-/- neutrophils were then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, followed by the NLRP3 agonists nigericin or ATP. To determine the exogenous effect of AnxA1, the neutrophils were pretreated with the AnxA1-derived peptide Ac2-26 followed by the NLRP3 agonists. Ac2-26 administration reduced NLRP3-derived IL-1β production by WT neutrophils after nigericin and ATP stimulation. However, IL-1β release was impaired in AnxA1-/- neutrophils stimulated by both agonists, and there was no further impairment in IL-1β release with Ac2-26 treatment before stimulation. Despite this, ATP- and nigericin-stimulated AnxA1-/- neutrophils had increased levels of cleaved caspase-1. The lipidomics of supernatants from nigericin-stimulated WT and AnxA1-/- neutrophils showed potential lipid biomarkers of cell stress and activation, including specific sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids. AnxA1 peptidomimetic treatment also increased the concentration of phosphatidylserines and oxidized phosphocholines, which are lipid biomarkers related to the inflammatory resolution pathway. Together, our results indicate that exogenous AnxA1 negatively regulates NLRP3-derived IL-1β production by neutrophils, while endogenous AnxA1 is required for the activation of the NLRP3 machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcos Sanches
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (R.D.C.-S.); (S.M.O.)
| | - Rebeca D. Correia-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (R.D.C.-S.); (S.M.O.)
| | - Gustavo H. B. Duarte
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Anna Maria A. P. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.A.P.F.); (S.S.-V.); (P.O.C.)
| | - Salvador Sánchez-Vinces
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.A.P.F.); (S.S.-V.); (P.O.C.)
| | - Patrícia O. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.M.A.P.F.); (S.S.-V.); (P.O.C.)
| | - Sonia M. Oliani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (R.D.C.-S.); (S.M.O.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina R. Bortoluci
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-010, Brazil;
| | - Vanessa Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane D. Gil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (R.D.C.-S.); (S.M.O.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Endo R, Uchiyama K, Lim SY, Itakura M, Adachi T, Uchida K. Recognition of acrolein-specific epitopes by B cell receptors triggers an innate immune response. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100648. [PMID: 33839149 PMCID: PMC8121969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies, predominantly immunoglobulin M (IgM), play an important role in the defense against pathogens and in maintaining homeostasis against oxidized molecules known as oxidation-specific epitopes, such as those contained in oxidized low-density lipoproteins. However, owing to the complexity of the oxidized products, very few individual epitopes have been characterized in detail. In the present study, to identify endogenous sources of oxidation-specific epitopes, we stimulated mouse spleen and peritoneal cavity (PerC) cells in vitro with bovine serum albumin modified with a variety of lipid peroxidation-related carbonyl compounds and identified the acrolein-modified bovine serum albumin as the most efficient trigger studied for the production of IgM in PerC cells. The acrolein-specific epitopes accelerated the differentiation of B-1a cells, a fetal-derived B cell lineage, to plasma cells. In addition, acrolein-modified bovine serum albumin was specifically bound to B-1a cells, suggesting the presence of an acrolein-specific IgM-B cell receptor (BCR). A hybridoma, RE-G25, producing an acrolein-specific IgM, was established from the PerC cells and was indeed identified as a population of B cells expressing a specific IgM-BCR. In addition, we analyzed the BCR repertoire of acrolein-specific B cells and identified the most frequent IgM heavy chain gene segments of the B cells. These data established the presence of innate B cells expressing the acrolein-specific BCR and suggested that in addition to our understanding of acrolein as a toxic aldehyde, it may play a role as a trigger of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Endo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei-Young Lim
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Itakura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Sanches JM, Rossato L, Lice I, Alves de Piloto Fernandes AM, Bueno Duarte GH, Rosini Silva AA, de Melo Porcari A, de Oliveira Carvalho P, Gil CD. The role of annexin A1 in Candida albicans and Candida auris infections in murine neutrophils. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104689. [PMID: 33307121 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is an anti-inflammatory protein expressed in various cell types, especially macrophages and neutrophils. Because neutrophils play important roles in infections and inflammatory processes and the relationship between AnxA1 and Candida spp. infections is not well-understood, our study examined whether AnxA1 can serve as a target protein for the regulation of the immune response during fungal infections. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and AnxA1 knockout (AnxA1-/-) peritoneal neutrophils were coinfected with Candida albicans or Candida auris for 4 h. AnxA1-/- neutrophils exhibited a marked increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p-38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) levels after coinfection with both Candida spp. A lipidomics approach showed that AnxA1 deficiency produced marked differences in the supernatant lipid profiles of both control neutrophils and neutrophils coinfected with Candida spp. compared with WT cells, especially the levels of glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids. Our results showed that endogenous AnxA1 regulates the neutrophil response under fungal infection conditions, altering lipid membrane organization and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcos Sanches
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Rossato
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Departamento de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, 04038-032, Brazil
| | - Izabella Lice
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Aparecido Rosini Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia de Melo Porcari
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Multidisciplinar, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil.
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Oxidation specific epitopes in asthma: New possibilities for treatment. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105864. [PMID: 33069787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important feature of asthma pathophysiology that is not currently targeted by any of our frontline treatments. Reactive oxygen species, generated during times of heightened oxidative stress, can damage cellular lipids causing the production of oxidation specific epitopes (OSE). OSEs are elevated in chronic inflammatory diseases and promoting their clearance by the body, through pattern recognition receptors and IgM antibodies, prevents and resolves inflammation and tissue damage in animal models. Current research on OSEs in asthma is limited. Although they are present in the lungs of people with asthma during periods of exacerbation or allergen exposure, we do not know if they are linked with disease pathobiology. This article reviews our current understanding of OSEs in asthma and explores whether targeting OSE clearance mechanisms may be a novel therapeutic intervention for asthma.
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25
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Nicolai O, Pötschke C, Raafat D, van der Linde J, Quosdorf S, Laqua A, Heidecke CD, Berek C, Darisipudi MN, Binder CJ, Bröker BM. Oxidation-Specific Epitopes (OSEs) Dominate the B Cell Response in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1570. [PMID: 32849533 PMCID: PMC7412885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In murine abdominal sepsis by colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP), a strong increase in serum IgM and IgG antibodies was observed, which reached maximum values 14 days following sepsis induction. The specificity of this antibody response was studied in serum and at the single cell level using a broad panel of bacterial, sepsis-unrelated as well as self-antigens. Whereas an antibacterial IgM/IgG response was rarely observed, studies at the single-cell level revealed that IgM antibodies, in particular, were largely polyreactive. Interestingly, at least 16% of the IgM mAbs and 20% of the IgG mAbs derived from post-septic mice showed specificity for oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs), which are known targets of the innate/adaptive immune response. This identifies those self-antigens as the main target of B cell responses in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Nicolai
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Pötschke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dina Raafat
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Julia van der Linde
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Quosdorf
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Laqua
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Heidecke
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Berek
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Murthy N Darisipudi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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26
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Tim-4 functions as a scavenger receptor for phagocytosis of exogenous particles. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:561. [PMID: 32703939 PMCID: PMC7378189 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor Tim-4 mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by binding to PS exposed on the surface of these cells, and thus functions as a PS receptor for apoptotic cells. Some of PS receptors are capable of recognizing other molecules, such as LPS on bacteria, besides PS on apoptotic cells. However, it is unclear whether Tim-4 perceives other molecules like the PS receptors. Here, we report that Tim-4 facilitates the phagocytosis of exogenous particles as well as apoptotic cells. Similar to the process that occurs during Tim-4-mediated efferocytosis, the uptake of exogenous E. coli and S. aureus bioparticles was promoted by overexpression of Tim-4 on phagocytes, whereas phagocytosis of the bioparticles was reduced in Tim-4-deficient cells. A truncation mutant of Tim-4 lacking the cytoplasmic tail promoted phagocytosis of the particles, but a mutant lacking the IgV or the mucin domain failed to enhance phagocytosis. However, expression of Tim-4AAA (a mutant form of Tim-4 that does not bind phosphatidylserine and does not promote efferocytosis) still promoted phagocytosis. Tim-4-mediated phagocytosis was not blocked by expression of the phosphatidylserine-binding protein Anxa5. Furthermore, binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, was higher in Tim-4-overexpressing cells than in Tim-4-deficient cells. In summary, our study suggests that Tim-4 acts as a scavenger receptor and mediates phagocytosis of exogenous particles in a phosphatidylserine-independent manner.
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27
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Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093104. [PMID: 32354030 PMCID: PMC7247152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The infection spread first in China and then in the rest of the world, and on the 11th of March, the WHO declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. Taking into consideration the mortality rate of COVID-19, about 5-7%, and the percentage of positive patients admitted to intensive care units being 9-11%, it should be mandatory to consider and take all necessary measures to contain the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, given the recent evidence in different hospitals suggesting IL-6 and TNF-α inhibitor drugs as a possible therapy for COVID-19, we aimed to highlight that a dietary intervention could be useful to prevent the infection and/or to ameliorate the outcomes during therapy. Considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, a dietary regimen modification in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of patients, improving their outcomes.
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28
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Chikazawa M, Yoshitake J, Lim SY, Iwata S, Negishi L, Shibata T, Uchida K. Glycolaldehyde is an endogenous source of lysine N-pyrrolation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7697-7709. [PMID: 32332094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine N-pyrrolation converts lysine residues to N ϵ-pyrrole-l-lysine (pyrK) in a covalent modification reaction that significantly affects the chemical properties of proteins, causing them to mimic DNA. pyrK in proteins has been detected in vivo, indicating that pyrrolation occurs as an endogenous reaction. However, the source of pyrK remains unknown. In this study, on the basis of our observation in vitro that pyrK is present in oxidized low-density lipoprotein and in modified proteins with oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, we used LC-electrospray ionization-MS/MS coupled with a stable isotope dilution method to perform activity-guided separation of active molecules in oxidized lipids and identified glycolaldehyde (GA) as a pyrK source. The results from mechanistic experiments to study GA-mediated lysine N-pyrrolation suggested that the reactions might include GA oxidation, generating the dialdehyde glyoxal, followed by condensation reactions of lysine amino groups with GA and glyoxal. We also studied the functional significance of GA-mediated lysine N-pyrrolation in proteins and found that GA-modified proteins are recognized by apolipoprotein E, a binding target of pyrrolated proteins. Moreover, GA-modified proteins triggered an immune response to pyrrolated proteins, and monoclonal antibodies generated from mice immunized with GA-modified proteins specifically recognized pyrrolated proteins. These findings reveal that GA is an endogenous source of DNA-mimicking pyrrolated proteins and may provide mechanistic insights relevant for innate and autoimmune responses associated with glucose metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chikazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshitake
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sei-Young Lim
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Iwata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Central Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Abstract
In the past decade, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, as well as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver lesions, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Although steatosis is often harmless, the lobular inflammation that characterizes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered a driving force in the progression of NAFLD. The current view is that innate immune mechanisms represent a key element in supporting hepatic inflammation in NASH. However, increasing evidence points to the role of adaptive immunity as an additional factor promoting liver inflammation. This Review discusses data regarding the role of B cells and T cells in sustaining the progression of NASH to fibrosis and HCC, along with the findings that antigens originating from oxidative stress act as a trigger for immune responses. We also highlight the mechanisms affecting liver immune tolerance in the setting of steatohepatitis that favour lymphocyte activation. Finally, we analyse emerging evidence concerning the possible application of immune modulating treatments in NASH therapy.
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30
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Cruciani G, Domingues P, Fedorova M, Galli F, Spickett CM. Redox lipidomics and adductomics - Advanced analytical strategies to study oxidized lipids and lipid-protein adducts. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:1-5. [PMID: 31369839 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA/LAQV, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy.
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- Department of Biosciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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31
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Philippova M, Oskolkova OV, Bicker W, Schoenenberger AW, Resink TJ, Erne P, Bochkov VN. Analysis of fragmented oxidized phosphatidylcholines in human plasma using mass spectrometry: Comparison with immune assays. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:167-175. [PMID: 31141712 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Circulating oxidized phospholipids are increasingly recognized as biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Clinical association studies have been mainly performed using an immune assay based on monoclonal antibody E06, which recognizes a variety of molecular species of oxidized phosphatidylcholine (OxPC) in lipoproteins, cell membranes or covalently bound to plasma proteins. Accumulating evidence shows that individual molecular species of OxPC demonstrate different biological activities and have different half-life times. Therefore, it is likely that certain molecular species can be associated with pathology more strongly than others. This hypothesis can only be tested using LC-MS/MS allowing quantification of individual molecular species of OxPCs. In order to ensure that laborious LC-MS/MS methods do not simply replicate the results of a technically simpler E06-OxPCs assay, we have performed relative quantification of 8 truncated molecular species of OxPCs in plasma of 132 probands and compared the data with the results of the E06-OxPCs and OxLDL assays. We have found a strong correlation between individual molecular species of OxPCs but only a weak correlation of LC-MS/MS-OxPCs data with the E06-OxPCs assay and no correlation with the OxLDL assay. Furthermore, in contrast to the results of E06-OxPCs or OxLDL assays, 7 out of 8 OxPC species were associated with hypertension. The data suggest that the results of the LC-MS/MS-OxPCs assay do not replicate the results of two ELISA-based lipid oxidation tests and therefore may produce additional diagnostic information. These findings necessitate development of simplified mass spectrometric procedures for high-throughput and affordable analysis of selected molecular species of OxPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Philippova
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, ZLF 318 Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olga V Oskolkova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bicker
- FTC-Forensic-Toxicological Laboratory Ltd., Gaudenzdorfer Gürtel 43-45, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas W Schoenenberger
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Tiefenaustrasse 112, 3004, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Therese J Resink
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, ZLF 318 Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, ZLF 318 Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valery N Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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32
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Maes M, Vojdani A, Geffard M, Moreira EG, Barbosa DS, Michelin AP, Semeão LDO, Sirivichayakul S, Kanchanatawan B. Schizophrenia phenomenology comprises a bifactorial general severity and a single-group factor, which are differently associated with neurotoxic immune and immune-regulatory pathways. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:209-225. [PMID: 31734647 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In schizophrenia, a single latent trait underlies psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, negative (PHEMN) symptoms, formal thought disorders (FTD) and psychomotor retardation (PMR). Schizophrenia is accompanied by a breakdown of gut and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) pathways, increased tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) levels, bacterial translocation, and lowered natural IgM and paraoxonase (PON)1 activity. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of schizophrenia symptom domains and the biomarker correlates of these factors. We recruited 80 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy subjects and assessed the IgA/IgM responses to paracellular/transcellular (PARA/TRANS) ratios, IgA responses to TRYCATs, natural IgM to malondialdehyde and Gram-negative bacteria, and PON1 enzymatic activity. Direct Hierarchical Exploratory Factor Analysis showed a bifactorial oblique model with a) a general factor which loaded highly on all symptom domains, named overall severity of schizophrenia ("OSOS"); and b) a single-group factor (SGF) loading on negative symptoms and PMR. We found that 40% of the variance in OSOS score was explained by IgA/IgM to PARA/TRANS ratio, male sex and education while 36.9% of the variance in SGF score was explained by IgA to PARA/TRANS, IgM to Gram-negative bacteria, female sex (positively associated) and IgM to MDA, and PON1 activity (negatively associated). Schizophrenia phenomenology comprises two biologically-validated dimensions, namely a general OSOS dimension and a single-group negative symptom dimension, which are associated with a breakdown of gut/BBB barriers, increased bacterial translocation and lowered protection against oxidation, inflammation and bacterial infections through lowered PON1 and natural IgM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Cyrex Labs, LLC, Phoenix, AZ,USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA,USA
| | - Michel Geffard
- IDRPHT, Research Department, Talence, France.,GEMAC, Lieu-Dit Berganton, Saint Jean d'Illac, Saint Jean d'Illac France
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Decio S Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Michelin
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Laura de Oliveira Semeão
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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33
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LoPresti ST, Popovic B, Kulkarni M, Skillen CD, Brown BN. Free radical-decellularized tissue promotes enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory macrophage response. Biomaterials 2019; 222:119376. [PMID: 31445321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress leads to the progression of many diseases including chronic wounds, atherosclerosis, stroke and cancer. The modification of biomolecules with reactive nitrogen or oxygen species has been shown to trigger oxidative stress pathways that are beneficial for healing. Extracellular matrix scaffolds have been used successfully in reconstructive applications due to the beneficial host response they induce. To tailor extracellular matrix scaffolds to enhance antioxidant response, ECM were prepared using reactive nitrogen or oxygen species. These scaffolds were shown to be effectively decellularized and possess oxidative or nitroxidative protein modifications. Macrophage responses in vitro and in an in vivo muscle injury model were shown to have enhanced antioxidant phenotypes without impairment of long-term remodeling. These observations suggest that ECM decellularized with reactive oxygen or nitrogen species could provide better outcomes for the treatment of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T LoPresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States
| | - B Popovic
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States
| | - M Kulkarni
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States
| | - C D Skillen
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States
| | - B N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
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34
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Hirose S, Hioki Y, Miyashita H, Hirade N, Yoshitake J, Shibata T, Kikuchi R, Matsushita T, Chikazawa M, Itakura M, Zhang M, Nagata K, Uchida K. Apolipoprotein E binds to and reduces serum levels of DNA-mimicking, pyrrolated proteins. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11035-11045. [PMID: 31167785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine N-pyrrolation, converting lysine residues to N ϵ-pyrrole-l-lysine, is a recently discovered post-translational modification. This naturally occurring reaction confers electrochemical properties onto proteins that potentially produce an electrical mimic to DNA and result in specificity toward DNA-binding molecules such as anti-DNA autoantibodies. The discovery of this unique covalent protein modification provides a rationale for establishing the molecular mechanism and broad functional significance of the formation and regulation of N ϵ-pyrrole-l-lysine-containing proteins. In this study, we used microbeads coupled to pyrrolated or nonpyrrolated protein to screen for binding activities of human serum-resident nonimmunoglobin proteins to the pyrrolated proteins. This screen identified apolipoprotein E (apoE) as a protein that innately binds the DNA-mimicking proteins in serum. Using an array of biochemical assays, we observed that the pyrrolated proteins bind to the N-terminal domain of apoE and that oligomeric apoE binds these proteins better than does monomeric apoE. Employing surface plasmon resonance and confocal microscopy, we further observed that apoE deficiency leads to significant accumulation of pyrrolated serum albumin and is associated with an enhanced immune response. These results, along with the observation that apoE facilitates the binding of pyrrolated proteins to cells, suggest that apoE may contribute to the clearance of pyrrolated serum proteins. Our findings uncover apoE as a binding target of pyrrolated proteins, providing a key link connecting covalent protein modification, lipoprotein metabolism, and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Yoshitake
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | - Tadashi Matsushita
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Miho Chikazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Masanori Itakura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Mimin Zhang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Koji Nagata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
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Luzardo-Álvarez A, Lamela-Gómez I, Otero-Espinar F, Blanco-Méndez J. Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Resveratrol-Loaded Poly-(ε-caprolactone) Microcapsules Prepared by Ultrasonic Atomization for Intra-Articular Administration. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060249. [PMID: 31141945 PMCID: PMC6631008 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular administration of drugs to the joint in the treatment of joint disease has the potential to minimize the systemic bioavailability and the usual side-effects associated with oral drug administration. In this work, a drug delivery system is proposed to achieve an anti-inflammatory local effect using resveratrol (RSV). This study aims to develop microcapsules made of poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) by ultrasonic atomization to preserve the antioxidant activity of RSV, to prevent its degradation and to suppress the inflammatory response in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. An experimental design was performed to build a mathematical model that could estimate the effect of nozzle power and polymer concentration on particle size and encapsulation efficiency. RSV-loaded microcapsules showed adequate morphology, particle size, and loading efficiency properties. RSV formulations exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and an efficient amelioration of inflammatory responses, in terms of Nitric Oxide (NO), ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), and lipid peroxidation in macrophages. Thus, RSV-loaded microcapsules merit consideration as a drug delivery system suitable for intra-articular administration in inflammatory disorders affecting the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asteria Luzardo-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Sciences, Campus de Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - Iván Lamela-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Sciences, Campus de Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - Francisco Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 14875, Spain.
| | - José Blanco-Méndez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Sciences, Campus de Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 14875, Spain.
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Maes M, Sirivichayakul S, Kanchanatawan B, Vodjani A. Breakdown of the Paracellular Tight and Adherens Junctions in the Gut and Blood Brain Barrier and Damage to the Vascular Barrier in Patients with Deficit Schizophrenia. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:306-322. [PMID: 31077000 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deficit schizophrenia is characterized by leaky intestinal tight and adherens junctions and bacterial translocation. Here we examine whether (deficit) schizophrenia is accompanied by leaky paracellular, transcellular, and vascular barriers in the gut and blood-brain barriers. We measured IgA responses to occludin, claudin-5, E-cadherin, and β-catenin (paracellular pathway, PARA); talin, actin, vinculin, and epithelial intermediate filament (transcellular pathway, TRANS); and plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP, vascular pathway) in 78 schizophrenia patients and 40 controls. IgA responses to claudin-5, E-cadherin, and β-catenin, the sum of the four PARA proteins, and the ratio PARA/TRANS were significantly higher in deficit schizophrenia patients than in nondeficit schizophrenia patients and controls. A large part of the variance in PHEMN (psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, and negative) symptoms, psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders, verbal fluency, word list memory, word list recall, and executive functions was explained by the PARA/TRANS ratio coupled with plasma IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria, IgM to malondialdehyde, CCL-11 (eotaxin), IgA levels of the ratio of noxious to more protective tryptophan catabolites (NOX/PRO TRYCATs), and a plasma immune activation index. Moreover, IgA levels to Gram-negative bacteria were significantly associated with IgA to E-cadherin, β-catenin, and PLVAP, while IgA levels to claudin-5 were significantly predicted by IgA to E-cadherin, NOX/PRO TRYCAT ratio, Gram-negative bacteria, and CCL11. The phenomenology of the deficit syndrome is to a large extent explained by the cumulative effects of lowered natural IgM, breakdown of the paracellular and vascular pathways, increased bacterial translocation, peripheral immune-inflammatory responses, and indices of BBB breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aristo Vodjani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cyrex Labs, LLC, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Maes M, Sirivichayakul S, Kanchanatawan B, Vodjani A. Upregulation of the Intestinal Paracellular Pathway with Breakdown of Tight and Adherens Junctions in Deficit Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7056-7073. [PMID: 30972627 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2001, the first author of this paper reported that schizophrenia is associated with an increased frequency of the haptoglobin (Hp)-2 gene. The precursor of Hp-2 is zonulin, a molecule that affects intercellular tight junction integrity. Recently, we reported increased plasma IgA/IgM responses to Gram-negative bacteria in deficit schizophrenia indicating leaky gut and gut dysbiosis. The current study was performed to examine the integrity of the paracellular (tight and adherens junctions) and transcellular (cytoskeletal proteins) pathways in deficit versus non-deficit schizophrenia. We measured IgM responses to zonulin, occludin, E-cadherin, talin, actin, and vinculin in association with IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria, CCL-11, IgA responses to tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), immune activation and IgM to malondialdehyde (MDA), and NO-cysteinyl in 78 schizophrenia patients and 40 controls. We found that the ratio of IgM to zonulin + occludin/talin + actin + viculin (PARA/TRANS) was significantly greater in deficit than those in non-deficit schizophrenia and higher in schizophrenia than those in controls and was significantly associated with increased IgA responses to Gram-negative bacteria. IgM responses to zonulin were positively associated with schizophrenia (versus controls), while IgM to occludin was significantly associated with deficit schizophrenia (versus non-deficit schizophrenia and controls). A large part of the variance (90.8%) in negative and PHEM (psychosis, hostility, excitation, and mannerism) symptoms was explained by PARA/TRANS ratio, IgA to Gram-negative bacteria, IgM to E-cadherin and MDA, and memory dysfunctions, while 53.3% of the variance in the latter was explained by PARA/TRANS ratio, IgA to Gram-negative bacteria, CCL-11, TRYCATs, and immune activation. The results show an upregulated paracellular pathway with breakdown of the tight and adherens junctions and increased bacterial translocation in deficit schizophrenia. These dysfunctions in the intestinal paracellular route together with lowered natural IgM, immune activation, and production of CCL-11 and TRYCATs contribute to the phenomenology of deficit schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia.
| | | | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aristo Vodjani
- Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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38
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Koleini N, Nickel BE, Edel AL, Fandrich RR, Ravandi A, Kardami E. Oxidized phospholipids in Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 303:35-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Paardekooper LM, Vos W, van den Bogaart G. Oxygen in the tumor microenvironment: effects on dendritic cell function. Oncotarget 2019; 10:883-896. [PMID: 30783517 PMCID: PMC6368231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors grow at a high speed leading to insufficient blood supply to tumor cells. This makes the tumor hypoxic, resulting in the Warburg effect and an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hypoxia and ROS affect immune cells in the tumor micro-environment, thereby affecting their immune function. Here, we review the known effects of hypoxia and ROS on the function and physiology of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs can (cross-)present tumor antigen to activate naive T cells, which play a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity. ROS might enter DCs via aquaporins in the plasma membrane, diffusion across the plasma membrane or via extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by tumor cells. Hypoxia and ROS exert complex effects on DCs, and can both inhibit and activate maturation of immature DCs. Furthermore, ROS transferred by EVs and/or produced by the DC can both promote antigen (cross-)presentation through phagosomal alkalinization, which preserves antigens by inhibiting proteases, and by direct oxidative modification of proteases. Hypoxia leads to a more migratory and inflammatory DC phenotype. Lastly, hypoxia alters DCs to shift the T- cell response towards a tumor suppressive Th17 phenotype. From numerous studies, the concept is emerging that hypoxia and ROS are mutually dependent effectors on DC function in the tumor micro-environment. Understanding their precise roles and interplay is important given that an adaptive immune response is required to clear tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Paardekooper
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Vos
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Sokolovskaya I, Kutsak A, Zarytska V, Nechiporenko V, Gordiyenko N, Siliavina Y, Horash K, Plakhotnik O. Investigation of aspects of the interaction of the indicators of lipid exchange, trombocitarian block of hemostasis, total body reactivity and their influence on the psychosomatic harmonization of the man in chronic inflammatory processes. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv7i2p120-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time on the basis of clinical and laboratory researches were revealed the correlation of indicators of lipid metabolism, platelet level of hemostasis and general reactivity in patients with chronic inflammatory processes of the genital system. The new pathogenetic aspects of the course of inflammatory diseases have been established. It has been shown that chronic inflammatory process is accompanied by disorders of lipid metabolism. The degree of severity of these changes depends on the severity of the inflammatory process, the reduction of phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the activation of macrophage and specific cellular mechanisms, accompanied by auto-intoxication. It is established that the frequency of atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias, as well as the intensity of lipid peroxidation increases in accordance with the increase age of the examined patients. Most atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias are found in patients with viral and chlamydial infections. The summarized data of the correlation analysis allow us to establish that the growth of atherogenic properties of blood plasma of patients with chronic inflammatory processes of the reproductive system occurs in accordance with the increase of adhesive-aggregation properties of platelets and damage of the vascular endothelium. These shifts occur in parallel with the predominance of the monocyte-macrophage linkage of phagocytosis against the background of reduced activity of neutrophils and cellular mechanisms of development of immunopathological reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kateryna Horash
- Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
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41
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Halder RC, Tran C, Prasad P, Wang J, Nallapothula D, Ishikawa T, Wang M, Zajonc DM, Singh RR. Self-glycerophospholipids activate murine phospholipid-reactive T cells and inhibit iNKT cell activation by competing with ligands for CD1d loading. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:242-254. [PMID: 30508304 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids and glycerophospholipids bind CD1d. Glycosphingolipid-reactive invariant NKT-cells (iNKT) exhibit myriad immune effects, however, little is known about the functions of phospholipid-reactive T cells (PLT). We report that the normal mouse immune repertoire contains αβ T cells, which recognize self-glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidic acid (PA) in a CD1d-restricted manner and don't cross-react with iNKT-cell ligands. PA bound to CD1d in the absence of lipid transfer proteins. Upon in vivo priming, PA induced an expansion and activation of T cells in Ag-specific manner. Crystal structure of the CD1d:PA complex revealed that the ligand is centrally located in the CD1d-binding groove opening for TCR recognition. Moreover, the increased flexibility of the two acyl chains in diacylglycerol ligands and a less stringent-binding orientation for glycerophospholipids as compared with the bindings of glycosphingolipids may allow glycerophospholipids to readily occupy CD1d. Indeed, PA competed with α-galactosylceramide to load onto CD1d, leading to reduced expression of CD1d:α-galactosylceramide complexes on the surface of dendritic cells. Consistently, glycerophospholipids reduced iNKT-cell proliferation, expansion, and cytokine production in vitro and in vivo. Such superior ability of self-glycerophospholipids to compete with iNKT-cell ligands to occupy CD1d may help maintain homeostasis between the diverse subsets of lipid-reactive T cells, with important pathogenetic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chandra Halder
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Tran
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priti Prasad
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dhiraj Nallapothula
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meiying Wang
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ram Raj Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Maes M, Kanchanatawan B, Sirivichayakul S, Carvalho AF. In Schizophrenia, Increased Plasma IgM/IgA Responses to Gut Commensal Bacteria Are Associated with Negative Symptoms, Neurocognitive Impairments, and the Deficit Phenotype. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:684-698. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Maes M, Kanchanatawan B, Sirivichayakul S, Carvalho AF. In Schizophrenia, Deficits in Natural IgM Isotype Antibodies Including those Directed to Malondialdehyde and Azelaic Acid Strongly Predict Negative Symptoms, Neurocognitive Impairments, and the Deficit Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5122-5135. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Li D, Sun L, Yang Y, Wang Z, Yang X, Guo Y. Preventive and therapeutic effects of pigment and polysaccharides in Lycium barbarum on alcohol-induced fatty liver disease in mice. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1512530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Guo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, P. R. China
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Sarhan M, Land WG, Tonnus W, Hugo CP, Linkermann A. Origin and Consequences of Necroinflammation. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:727-780. [PMID: 29465288 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the interstitium and thereby represent the strongest known trigger of the immune system. With our increasing understanding of necrosis as a regulated and genetically determined process (RN, regulated necrosis), necrosis and necroinflammation can be pharmacologically prevented. This review discusses our current knowledge about signaling pathways of necrotic cell death as the origin of necroinflammation. Multiple pathways of RN such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis have been evolutionary conserved most likely because of their differences in immunogenicity. As the consequence of necrosis, however, all necrotic cells release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that have been extensively investigated over the last two decades. Analysis of necroinflammation allows characterizing specific signatures for each particular pathway of cell death. While all RN-pathways share the release of DAMPs in general, most of them actively regulate the immune system by the additional expression and/or maturation of either pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In addition, DAMPs have been demonstrated to modulate the process of regeneration. For the purpose of better understanding of necroinflammation, we introduce a novel classification of DAMPs in this review to help detect the relative contribution of each RN-pathway to certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Walter G Land
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian P Hugo
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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Sobel M, Yagi M, Moreno K, Kohler TR, Tang GL, Wijelath ES, Marshall J, Kenagy RD. Anti-phosphorylcholine IgM, an Anti-inflammatory Mediator, Predicts Peripheral Vein Graft Failure: A Prospective Observational Study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 57:259-266. [PMID: 30343000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One third of infrainguinal vein bypasses may fail within the first 1.5 years. Pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are thought to be involved in these graft stenoses and occlusions. In previous studies, low levels of anti-phosphorylcholine IgM (anti-PC IgM, an innate anti-inflammatory IgM) have been associated with increased cardiovascular events. In this study, the peri-operative dynamics of anti-PC IgM levels were established during leg bypass surgery, and associations assessed between anti-PC IgM levels and primary graft patency. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective, observational cohort study of infrainguinal autogenous vein bypass for peripheral arterial occlusive disease involving four university affiliated hospitals. Plasma cytokine and anti-PC IgM levels were measured pre- and post-operatively. The outcome of interest was loss of primary graft patency because of occlusion or intervention for graft stenosis. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two consecutive patients were enrolled: mean age 66 (46-91); 91% white race and male; 72.5% critical limb ischaemia (Fontaine III or IV). Median pre-operative anti-PC IgM levels were 49 units/mL (IQR 32.3-107.7, mean 89.8 + 101 sd). During follow up of an average of 1.8 years (1 month-7.4 years), 50 (35.2%) grafts lost primary patency. Pre-operative levels of interleukin 6 or C-reactive protein did not predict graft failure. Patients with pre-operative anti-PC IgM values in the lowest quartile had a twofold increased risk of graft failure (multivariable Cox proportional hazard, p = .03, HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.09-4.07), even after accounting for the other significant factors of conduit diameter, distal anastomosis, smoking, and the severity of leg ischaemia. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of anti-PC IgM are associated with vein bypass graft failure. This biological mediator may be a useful marker to identify patients at higher risk, and offers the potential for novel, directed therapies for vascular inflammation and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sobel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mayumi Yagi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine Moreno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ted R Kohler
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gale L Tang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Errol S Wijelath
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Anupam K, Kaushal J, Prabhakar N, Bhatnagar A. Effect of redox status of peripheral blood on immune signature of circulating regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in streptozotocin induced rodent model of type I diabetes. Immunobiology 2018; 223:586-597. [PMID: 30017263 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease manifested by hyperglycemia and associated with imbalance in redox status and inflammatory response. Oxidative stress has been reported to affect functions of T cell repertoire- regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs). Tregs are involved in prevention against autoreactive T cells and controlling inflammation while CTLs are major mediators of tissue injury. Hence the present study is novel as it contemplates to understand oxidative stress in diabetes vis-à-vis T cells. Comparative analysis was carried out between two groups, i.e., healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) and Streptozotocin (STZ) induced SD rat model of type1 diabetes (T1D). Various hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in plasma samples in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), Tregs and CTLs were evaluated for intracellular oxidative stress using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA), mitochondrial ROS using Mitosox-red, mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 in PBMCs. Treg populations expressing IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 and CTLs expressing αβ-T cell receptor (αβ -TCR), interferon- γ (IFN-γ), perforin and granzyme were also considered. We found decreased activity of enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione(GSH) and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in plasma indicated altered redox state in diabetic animals. Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide was observed in T1D group confirming oxidative stress in cell specific manner. Cell population with hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential was found to be elevated in T1D group. We found a decrease in Treg population in T1D group in comparison to healthy group. Treg population expressing IL-4, IL-6 were increased and those expressing IL-10 were found to be reduced in diabetic group. The CTL numbers were dropping whereas αβ-TCR, IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme expressing CTLs were on the rise in diabetic group. Our finding suggested an increased oxidative stress in Tregs and CTLs which might be responsible for progressive inflammatory environment built up due to persistent hyperglycemia. This was fortified by the statistical analyses where strong correlation between LPO and CTLs expressing TCR, IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme was noted. Lipid peroxidation was also found to be correlated to intracellular ROS in Tregs and CTLs along with other important revelations. The present study gives important insights into the significance of oxidative stress on immune system and its mediators in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Anupam
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Jyotsana Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Nirmal Prabhakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Sareen N, Sequiera GL, Chaudhary R, Abu-El-Rub E, Chowdhury SR, Sharma V, Surendran A, Moudgil M, Fernyhough P, Ravandi A, Dhingra S. Early passaging of mesenchymal stem cells does not instigate significant modifications in their immunological behavior. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:121. [PMID: 29720263 PMCID: PMC5930635 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young healthy donors are immunoprivileged and their clinical application for regenerative medicine is under evaluation. However, data from preclinical and initial clinical trials indicate that allogeneic MSCs after transplantation provoke a host immune response and are rejected. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of an increase in passage number in cell culture on immunoprivilege of the MSCs. Since only limited numbers of MSCs can be sourced at a time from a donor, it is imperative to expand them in culture to meet the necessary numbers required for cell therapy. Presently, the most commonly used passages for transplantation include passages (P)3–7. Therefore, in this study we included clinically relevant passages, i.e., P3, P5, and P7, for evaluation. Methods The immunoprivilege of MSCs was assessed with the mixed leukocyte reaction assay, where rat MSCs were cocultured with peripheral blood leukocytes for 72 h. Leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, apoptosis (Bax/Bcl-xl ratio), leukocyte proliferation, and alterations in cellular bioenergetics in MSCs were assessed after the coculture. Furthermore, the expression of various oxidized phospholipids (oxidized phosphatidylcholine (ox-PC)) was analyzed in MSCs using a lipidomic platform. To determine if the ox-PCs were acting in tandem with downstream intracellular protein alterations, we performed proteome analysis using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) proteomic platform. Results Our data demonstrate that MSCs were immunoprivileged at all three passages since coculture with leukocytes did not affect the survival of MSCs at P3, P5, and P7. We also found that, with an increase in the passage number of MSCs, leukocytes did not cause any significant effect on cellular bioenergetics (basal respiration rate, spare respiratory capacity, maximal respiration, and coupling efficiency). Interestingly, in our omics data, we detected alterations in some of the ox-PCs and proteins in MSCs at different passages; however, these changes were not significant enough to affect their immunoprivilege. Conclusions The outcome of this study demonstrates that an increase in passage number (from P3 to P7) in the cell culture does not have any significant effect on the immunoprivilege of MSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0867-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Glen Lester Sequiera
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Rakesh Chaudhary
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Subir Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Vikram Sharma
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, England
| | - Arun Surendran
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Meenal Moudgil
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Meier LA, Binstadt BA. The Contribution of Autoantibodies to Inflammatory Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:911. [PMID: 29755478 PMCID: PMC5934424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and resulting tissue damage underlie the vast majority of acquired cardiovascular disease (CVD), a general term encompassing a widely diverse array of conditions. Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms contribute to chronic inflammation in CVD. Although maladies, such as atherosclerosis and cardiac fibrosis, are commonly conceptualized as disorders of inflammation, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote inflammation during the natural history of these diseases in human patients are not fully defined. Autoantibodies (AAbs) with specificity to self-derived epitopes accompany many forms of CVD in humans. Both adaptive/induced iAAbs (generated following cognate antigen encounter) and also autoantigen-reactive natural antibodies (produced independently of infection and in the absence of T cell help) have been demonstrated to modulate the natural history of multiple forms of CVD including atherosclerosis (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease), dilated cardiomyopathy, and valvular heart disease. Despite the breadth of experimental evidence for the role of AAbs in CVD, there is a lack of consensus regarding their specific functions, primarily due to disparate conclusions reached, even when similar approaches and experimental models are used. In this review, we seek to summarize the current understanding of AAb function in CVD through critical assessment of the clinical and experimental evidence in this field. We additionally highlight the difficulty in translating observations made in animal models to human physiology and disease and provide a summary of unresolved questions that are critical to address in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Meier
- Center for Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Center for Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Solati Z, Edel AL, Shang Y, O K, Ravandi A. Oxidized phosphatidylcholines are produced in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195172. [PMID: 29684044 PMCID: PMC5912739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the individual oxidized phosphatidylcholine (OxPC) molecules generated during renal ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Kidney ischemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min followed by reperfusion for either 6h or 24h. Kidney tissue was subjected to lipid extraction. Phospholipids and OxPC species were identified and quantitated using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using internal standards. RESULT We identified fifty-five distinct OxPC in rat kidney following I/R injury. These included a variety of fragmented (aldehyde and carboxylic acid containing species) and non-fragmented products. 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (SLPC-OH), which is a non-fragmented OxPC and 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAzPC), which is a fragmented OxPC, were the most abundant OxPC species after 6h and 24 h I/R respectively. Total fragmented aldehyde OxPC were significantly higher in 6h and 24h I/R groups compared to sham operated groups (P = 0.03, 0.001 respectively). Moreover, levels of aldehyde OxPC at 24h I/R were significantly greater than those in 6h I/R (P = 0.007). Fragmented carboxylic acid increased significantly in 24h I/R group compared with sham and 6h I/R groups (P = 0.001, 0.001). Moreover, levels of fragmented OxPC were significantly correlated with creatinine levels (r = 0.885, P = 0.001). Among non-fragmented OxPC, only isoprostanes were elevated significantly in 6h I/R group compared with sham group but not in 24h I/R group (P = 0.01). No significant changes were observed in other non-fragmented OxPC including long chain products and terminal furans. CONCLUSION We have shown for the first time that bioactive OxPC species are produced in renal I/R and their levels increase with increasing time of reperfusion in a kidney model of I/R and correlate with severity of I/R injury. Given the pathological activity of fragmented OxPCs, therapies focused on their reduction may be a mechanism to attenuate renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Solati
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Edel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yue Shang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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