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Teppan J, Schwanzer J, Rittchen S, Bärnthaler T, Lindemann J, Nayak B, Reiter B, Luschnig P, Farzi A, Heinemann A, Sturm E. The disrupted molecular circadian clock of monocytes and macrophages in allergic inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408772. [PMID: 38863703 PMCID: PMC11165079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophage dysfunction is a common feature of inflammatory disorders such as asthma, which is characterized by a strong circadian rhythm. Methods and results We monitored the protein expression pattern of the molecular circadian clock in human peripheral blood monocytes from healthy, allergic, and asthmatic donors during a whole day. Monocytes cultured of these donors allowed us to examine circadian protein expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages, M1- and M2- polarized macrophages. In monocytes, particularly from allergic asthmatics, the oscillating expression of circadian proteins CLOCK, BMAL, REV ERBs, and RORs was significantly altered. Similar changes in BMAL1 were observed in polarized macrophages from allergic donors and in tissue-resident macrophages from activated precision cut lung slices. We confirmed clock modulating, anti-inflammatory, and lung-protective properties of the inverse ROR agonist SR1001 by reduced secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein and increase in phagocytosis. Using a house dust mite model, we verified the therapeutic effect of SR1001 in vivo. Discussion Overall, our data suggest an interaction between the molecular circadian clock and monocytes/macrophages effector function in inflammatory lung diseases. The use of SR1001 leads to inflammatory resolution in vitro and in vivo and represents a promising clock-based therapeutic approach for chronic pulmonary diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Teppan
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juliana Schwanzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Lindemann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barsha Nayak
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Reiter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Luschnig
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Sturm
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Beurel E. Stress in the microbiome-immune crosstalk. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2327409. [PMID: 38488630 PMCID: PMC10950285 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2327409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota exerts a mutualistic interaction with the host in a fragile ecosystem and the host intestinal, neural, and immune cells. Perturbations of the gastrointestinal track composition after stress have profound consequences on the central nervous system and the immune system. Reciprocally, brain signals after stress affect the gut microbiota highlighting the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. Here, we focus on the potential role of inflammation in mediating stress-induced gut-brain changes and discuss the impact of several immune cells and inflammatory molecules of the gut-brain dialogue after stress. Understanding the impact of microbial changes on the immune system after stress might provide new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Mitra S, Dash R, Nishan AA, Habiba SU, Moon IS. Brain modulation by the gut microbiota: From disease to therapy. J Adv Res 2023; 53:153-173. [PMID: 36496175 PMCID: PMC10658262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota (GM) and brain are strongly associated, which significantly affects neuronal development and disorders. GM-derived metabolites modulate neuronal function and influence many cascades in age-related neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Because of the dual role of GM in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, understanding the balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria is crucial for applying this approach to clinical therapies. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review briefly discusses the role of the gut-brain relationship in promoting brain and cognitive function. Although a healthy gut environment is helpful for brain function, gut dysbiosis can disrupt the brain's environment and create a vicious cycle of degenerative cascades. The ways in which the GM population can affect brain function and the development of neurodegeneration are also discussed. In the treatment and management of NDDs, the beneficial effects of methods targeting GM populations and their derivatives, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) are also highlighted. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF THE REVIEW In this review, we aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the gut microbe-brain relationship and their twin roles in neurodegeneration progression and therapeutic applications. Here, we attempted to highlight the different pathways connecting the brain and gut, together with the role of GM in neuroprotection and neuronal development. Furthermore, potential roles of GM metabolites in the pathogenesis of brain disorders and in strategies for its treatment are also investigated. By analyzing existing in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, this review attempts to identify new and promising therapeutic strategies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. As the connection between the gut microbe-brain relationship and responses to NDD treatments is less studied, this review will provide new insights into the global mechanisms of GM modulation in disease progression, and identify potential future perspectives for developing new therapies to treat NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Amena Al Nishan
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmin Ummey Habiba
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Phing AH, Makpol S, Nasaruddin ML, Wan Zaidi WA, Ahmad NS, Embong H. Altered Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in Delirium: A Review of the Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5580. [PMID: 36982655 PMCID: PMC10056900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Delirium, a common form of acute brain dysfunction, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially in older patients. The underlying pathophysiology of delirium is not clearly understood, but acute systemic inflammation is known to drive delirium in cases of acute illnesses, such as sepsis, trauma, and surgery. Based on psychomotor presentations, delirium has three main subtypes, such as hypoactive, hyperactive, and mixed subtype. There are similarities in the initial presentation of delirium with depression and dementia, especially in the hypoactive subtype. Hence, patients with hypoactive delirium are frequently misdiagnosed. The altered kynurenine pathway (KP) is a promising molecular pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of delirium. The KP is highly regulated in the immune system and influences neurological functions. The activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and specific KP neuroactive metabolites, such as quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid, could play a role in the event of delirium. Here, we collectively describe the roles of the KP and speculate on its relevance in delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Hui Phing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.M.)
| | - Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Saadah Ahmad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Tucci P, Bove M, Sikora V, Dimonte S, Morgese MG, Schiavone S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Trabace L. Glucoraphanin Triggers Rapid Antidepressant Responses in a Rat Model of Beta Amyloid-Induced Depressive-like Behaviour. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091054. [PMID: 36145275 PMCID: PMC9500808 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA) is a natural compound that has shown beneficial effects in chronic diseases and in central nervous system disorders. Moreover, GRA displayed antidepressant activity in preclinical models. We have previously demonstrated that a single intracerebroventricular administration of soluble amyloid-beta 1-42 (sAβ 1-42) in rat evokes a depressive-like phenotype by increasing immobility frequency in the forced swimming test (FST). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of GRA in naïve and in sAβ-1-42-treated rats by using the FST. Behavioural analyses were accompanied by neurochemical and biochemical measurements in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), such as serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), kynurenine (KYN), tryptophan (TRP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) levels. We reported that GRA administration in naïve rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg reduced the immobility frequency in the FST and increased 5-HT and NA levels in the PFC compared to controls. At the same dose, GRA reverted depressive-like effects of sAβ 1-42 administration, restored the 5-HT levels and reduced NF-kB, KYN and ROS levels in PFC. In conclusion, GRA rapidly reverting depressive-like behaviour, together with biochemical and neurochemical alterations, might represent a safe and natural candidate for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vladyslav Sikora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Stefania Dimonte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Tran VTA, Lee LP, Cho H. Neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration via microbial infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907804. [PMID: 36052093 PMCID: PMC9425114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies show a noticeable correlation between chronic microbial infections and neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear due to the biological complexity of multicellular and multiorgan interactions upon microbial infections. In this review, we show the infection leading to neurodegeneration mediated by multiorgan interconnections and neuroinflammation. Firstly, we highlight three inter-organ communications as possible routes from infection sites to the brain: nose-brain axis, lung-brain axis, and gut-brain axis. Next, we described the biological crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes upon pathogenic infection. Finally, our study indicates how neuroinflammation is a critical player in pathogen-mediated neurodegeneration. Taken together, we envision that antibiotics targeting neuro-pathogens could be a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Ai Tran
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hansang Cho, ; Luke P. Lee,
| | - Hansang Cho
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hansang Cho, ; Luke P. Lee,
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7
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Zveik O, Rechtman A, Haham N, Adini I, Canello T, Lavon I, Brill L, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Sera of Neuromyelitis Optica Patients Increase BID-Mediated Apoptosis in Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137117. [PMID: 35806122 PMCID: PMC9266359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare disease usually presenting with bilateral or unilateral optic neuritis with simultaneous or sequential transverse myelitis. Autoantibodies directed against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) are found in most patients. They are believed to cross the blood−brain barrier, target astrocytes, activate complement, and eventually lead to astrocyte destruction, demyelination, and axonal damage. However, it is still not clear what the primary pathological event is. We hypothesize that the interaction of AQP4-IgG and astrocytes leads to DNA damage and apoptosis. We studied the effect of sera from seropositive NMO patients and healthy controls (HCs) on astrocytes’ immune gene expression and viability. We found that sera from seropositive NMO patients led to higher expression of apoptosis-related genes, including BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID), which is the most significant differentiating gene (p < 0.0001), and triggered more apoptosis in astrocytes compared to sera from HCs. Furthermore, NMO sera increased DNA damage and led to a higher expression of immunological genes that interact with BID (TLR4 and NOD-1). Our findings suggest that sera of seropositive NMO patients might cause astrocytic DNA damage and apoptosis. It may be one of the mechanisms implicated in the primary pathological event in NMO and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Zveik
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.Z.); (A.R.); (N.H.); (T.C.); (I.L.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ariel Rechtman
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.Z.); (A.R.); (N.H.); (T.C.); (I.L.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nitzan Haham
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.Z.); (A.R.); (N.H.); (T.C.); (I.L.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Irit Adini
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Center for Engineering in Medicine & Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Tamar Canello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.Z.); (A.R.); (N.H.); (T.C.); (I.L.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Iris Lavon
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.Z.); (A.R.); (N.H.); (T.C.); (I.L.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Livnat Brill
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.Z.); (A.R.); (N.H.); (T.C.); (I.L.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (O.Z.); (A.R.); (N.H.); (T.C.); (I.L.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-677-7741
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8
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Del'Arco AE, Argolo DS, Guillemin G, Costa MDFD, Costa SL, Pinheiro AM. Neurological Infection, Kynurenine Pathway, and Parasitic Infection by Neospora caninum. Front Immunol 2022; 12:714248. [PMID: 35154065 PMCID: PMC8826404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the most frequently studied topics of neurosciences as it is a common feature in almost all neurological disorders. Although the primary function of neuroinflammation is to protect the nervous system from an insult, the complex and sequential response of activated glial cells can lead to neurological damage. Depending on the type of insults and the time post-insult, the inflammatory response can be neuroprotective, neurotoxic, or, depending on the glial cell types, both. There are multiple pathways activated and many bioactive intermediates are released during neuroinflammation. One of the most common one is the kynurenine pathway, catabolizing tryptophan, which is involved in immune regulation, neuroprotection, and neurotoxicity. Different models have been used to study the kynurenine pathway metabolites to understand their involvements in the development and maintenance of the inflammatory processes triggered by infections. Among them, the parasitic infection Neospora caninum could be used as a relevant model to study the role of the kynurenine pathway in the neuroinflammatory response and the subset of cells involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Del'Arco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Veterinary Immunology, Center of Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Deivison Silva Argolo
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gilles Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medicine School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Moraes Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Veterinary Immunology, Center of Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Liang Y, Xie S, He Y, Xu M, Qiao X, Zhu Y, Wu W. Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9484217. [PMID: 35096208 PMCID: PMC8791723 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9484217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that deteriorates cognitive function. Patients with AD generally exhibit neuroinflammation, elevated beta-amyloid (Aβ), tau phosphorylation (p-tau), and other pathological changes in the brain. The kynurenine pathway (KP) and several of its metabolites, especially quinolinic acid (QA), are considered to be involved in the neuropathogenesis of AD. The important metabolites and key enzymes show significant importance in neuroinflammation and AD. Meanwhile, the discovery of changed levels of KP metabolites in patients with AD suggests that KP metabolites may have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of AD. Further, some KP metabolites exhibit other effects on the brain, such as oxidative stress regulation and neurotoxicity. Both analogs of the neuroprotective and antineuroinflammation metabolites and small molecule enzyme inhibitors preventing the formation of neurotoxic and neuroinflammation compounds may have potential therapeutic significance. This review focused on the KP metabolites through the relationship of neuroinflammation in AD, significant KP metabolites, and associated molecular mechanisms as well as the utility of these metabolites as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD. The objective is to provide references to find biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Shan Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yanyun He
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Manru Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
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Petrella C, Strimpakos G, Torcinaro A, Middei S, Ricci V, Gargari G, Mora D, De Santa F, Farioli-Vecchioli S. Proneurogenic and neuroprotective effect of a multi strain probiotic mixture in a mouse model of acute inflammation: Involvement of the gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105795. [PMID: 34339837 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation can severely affect brain homeostasis and adult hippocampal neurogenesis with detrimental effects on cognitive processes. Brain and gut are intimately connected via the "gut-brain axis", a bidirectional communication system, and the administration of live bacteria (probiotics) has been shown to represent an intriguing approach for the prevention or even the cure of several diseases. In the present study we evaluated the putative neuroprotective effect of 15-days consumption of a multi-strain probiotic formulation based on food-associated strains and human gut bacteria at the dose of 109 CFU/mouse/day in a mouse model of acute inflammation, induced by an intraperitoneal single injection of LPS (0.1 mg/kg) at the end of probiotic administration. The results indicate that the prolonged administration of the multi-strain probiotic formulation not only prevents the LPS-dependent increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in specific regions of the brain (hippocampus and cortex) and in the gastrointestinal district but also triggers a potent proneurogenic response capable of enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. This effect is accompanied by a potentiation of intestinal barrier, as documented by the increased epithelial junction expression in the colon. Our hypothesis is that pre-treatment with the multi-strain probiotic formulation helps to create a systemic protection able to counteract or alleviate the effects of LPS-dependent acute pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios Strimpakos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Torcinaro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Middei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Mora
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca De Santa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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Mikulska J, Juszczyk G, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M, Herbet M. HPA Axis in the Pathomechanism of Depression and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies Based on Its Participation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1298. [PMID: 34679364 PMCID: PMC8533829 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased HPA axis activity can be observed during chronic stress, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. Overactivity of the HPA axis occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to cognitive dysfunction and reduced mood. There is also a correlation between the HPA axis activation and gut microbiota, which has a significant impact on the development of MDD. It is believed that the gut microbiota can influence the HPA axis function through the activity of cytokines, prostaglandins, or bacterial antigens of various microbial species. The activity of the HPA axis in schizophrenia varies and depends mainly on the severity of the disease. This review summarizes the involvement of the HPA axis in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on major depression and schizophrenia, and highlights a possible correlation between these conditions. Although many effective antidepressants are available, a large proportion of patients do not respond to initial treatment. This review also discusses new therapeutic strategies that affect the HPA axis, such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists, vasopressin V1B receptor antagonists and non-psychoactive CB1 receptor agonists in depression and/or schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Gawrońska-Grzywacz
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.M.); (G.J.); (M.H.)
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12
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Xiang C, Chen P, Zhang Q, Li Y, Pan Y, Xie W, Sun J, Liu Z. Intestinal microbiota modulates adrenomedullary response through Nod1 sensing in chromaffin cells. iScience 2021; 24:102849. [PMID: 34381974 PMCID: PMC8333343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota closely interacts with the neuroendocrine system and exerts profound effects on host physiology. Here, we report that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1) ligand derived from intestinal bacteria modulates catecholamine storage and secretion in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. The cytosolic peptidoglycan receptor Nod1 is involved in chromogranin A (Chga) retention in dense core granules (DCGs) in chromaffin cells. Mechanistically, upon recognizing its ligand, Nod1 localizes to DCGs, and recruits Rab2a, which is critical for Chga and epinephrine retention in DCGs. Depletion of Nod1 ligand or deficiency of Nod1 leads to a profound defect in epinephrine storage in chromaffin cells and subsequently less secretion upon stimulation. The intestine-adrenal medulla cross talk bridged by Nod1 ligand modulates adrenal medullary responses during the immobilization-induced stress response in mice. Thus, our study uncovers a mechanism by which intestinal microbes modulate epinephrine secretion in response to stress, which may provide further understanding of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peihua Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenchun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Guang Dong Bio-healtech Advanced Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Mithaiwala MN, Santana-Coelho D, Porter GA, O’Connor JC. Neuroinflammation and the Kynurenine Pathway in CNS Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:1548. [PMID: 34205235 PMCID: PMC8235708 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a significant health, social and economic problem around the globe. The development of therapeutic strategies for CNS conditions has suffered due to a poor understanding of the underlying pathologies that manifest them. Understanding common etiological origins at the cellular and molecular level is essential to enhance the development of efficacious and targeted treatment options. Over the years, neuroinflammation has been posited as a common link between multiple neurological, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Processes that precipitate neuroinflammatory conditions including genetics, infections, physical injury and psychosocial factors, like stress and trauma, closely link dysregulation in kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism as a possible pathophysiological factor that 'fuel the fire' in CNS diseases. In this study, we aim to review emerging evidence that provide mechanistic insights between different CNS disorders, neuroinflammation and the KP. We provide a thorough overview of the different branches of the KP pertinent to CNS disease pathology that have therapeutic implications for the development of selected and efficacious treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa N. Mithaiwala
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.N.M.); (D.S.-C.); (G.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Mail Code 8864, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Danielle Santana-Coelho
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.N.M.); (D.S.-C.); (G.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Mail Code 8864, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Grace A. Porter
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.N.M.); (D.S.-C.); (G.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Mail Code 8864, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason C. O’Connor
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.N.M.); (D.S.-C.); (G.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Mail Code 8864, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Research, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Heath System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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14
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Galmiche M, Achamrah N, Déchelotte P, Ribet D, Breton J. Role of microbiota-gut-brain axis dysfunctions induced by infections in the onset of anorexia nervosa. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:381-391. [PMID: 34010427 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by low food intake, severe body weight loss, intense fear of gaining weight, and dysmorphophobia. This chronic disease is associated with both psychiatric and somatic comorbidities. Over the years, clinical studies have accumulated evidence that viral or bacterial infections may promote the onset of eating disorders such as AN. This review aims to describe how infections and the subsequent immune responses affect food intake regulation in the short term and also how these processes may lead to long-term intestinal disorders, including gut barrier disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis, even after the clearance of the pathogens. We discuss in particular how infection-mediated intestinal dysbiosis may promote the onset of several AN symptoms and comorbidities, including appetite dysregulation, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Galmiche
- M. Galmiche, N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, and J. Breton are with Nutrition Department, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- M. Galmiche, N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, and J. Breton are with Nutrition Department, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- M. Galmiche, N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, and J. Breton are with Nutrition Department, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- M. Galmiche, N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, and J. Breton are with Nutrition Department, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- M. Galmiche, N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, and J. Breton are with Nutrition Department, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, INSERM UMR 1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France. N. Achamrah, P. Déchelotte, D. Ribet, and J. Breton are with the UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
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15
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Schroeder S, Hofer SJ, Zimmermann A, Pechlaner R, Dammbrueck C, Pendl T, Marcello GM, Pogatschnigg V, Bergmann M, Müller M, Gschiel V, Ristic S, Tadic J, Iwata K, Richter G, Farzi A, Üçal M, Schäfer U, Poglitsch M, Royer P, Mekis R, Agreiter M, Tölle RC, Sótonyi P, Willeit J, Mairhofer B, Niederkofler H, Pallhuber I, Rungger G, Tilg H, Defrancesco M, Marksteiner J, Sinner F, Magnes C, Pieber TR, Holzer P, Kroemer G, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Scorrano L, Dengjel J, Madl T, Sedej S, Sigrist SJ, Rácz B, Kiechl S, Eisenberg T, Madeo F. Dietary spermidine improves cognitive function. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108985. [PMID: 33852843 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased cognitive performance is a hallmark of brain aging, but the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues remain poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed health-protective and lifespan-extending effects of dietary spermidine, a natural autophagy-promoting polyamine. Here, we show that dietary spermidine passes the blood-brain barrier in mice and increases hippocampal eIF5A hypusination and mitochondrial function. Spermidine feeding in aged mice affects behavior in homecage environment tasks, improves spatial learning, and increases hippocampal respiratory competence. In a Drosophila aging model, spermidine boosts mitochondrial respiratory capacity, an effect that requires the autophagy regulator Atg7 and the mitophagy mediators Parkin and Pink1. Neuron-specific Pink1 knockdown abolishes spermidine-induced improvement of olfactory associative learning. This suggests that the maintenance of mitochondrial and autophagic function is essential for enhanced cognition by spermidine feeding. Finally, we show large-scale prospective data linking higher dietary spermidine intake with a reduced risk for cognitive impairment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schroeder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - G Mark Marcello
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Pogatschnigg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Gschiel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Selena Ristic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Tadic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Keiko Iwata
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 910-1193 Fukui, Japan; Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Gesa Richter
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Muammer Üçal
- Department of Neurosurgery, RU Experimental Neurotraumatology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ute Schäfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RU Experimental Neurotraumatology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Poglitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Royer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald Mekis
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Agreiter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Regine C Tölle
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Defrancesco
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Frank Sinner
- HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Magnes
- HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; HEALTH-Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 8010 Graz, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94 805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Madl
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Sedej
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Institute of Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; VASCage, Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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16
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Knuplez E, Kienzl M, Trakaki A, Schicho R, Heinemann A, Sturm EM, Marsche G. The anti-parasitic drug miltefosine suppresses activation of human eosinophils and ameliorates allergic inflammation in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1234-1248. [PMID: 33450054 PMCID: PMC9328393 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Miltefosine is an alkylphosphocholine drug with proven effectiveness against various types of parasites and cancer cells. Miltefosine is not only able to induce direct parasite killing but also modulates host immunity, for example by reducing the severity of allergies in patients. To date, there are no reports on the effect of miltefosine on eosinophils, central effector cells involved in allergic inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effect of miltefosine on the activation of human eosinophils and their effector responses in vitro and in mouse models of eosinophilic migration and ovalbumin-induced allergic lung inflammation. KEY RESULTS The addition of miltefosine suppressed several eosinophilic effector reactions such as CD11b up-regulation, degranulation, chemotaxis and downstream signalling. Miltefosine significantly reduced the infiltration of immune cells into the respiratory tract of mice in an allergic cell recruitment model. Finally, in a model of allergic inflammation, treatment with miltefosine resulted in an improvement of lung function parameters. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our observations suggest a strong modulatory activity of miltefosine in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our data underline the potential efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment of allergic diseases and other eosinophil-associated disorders and may raise important questions regarding the immunomodulatory effect of miltefosine in patients treated for leishmania infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Knuplez
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Athina Trakaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Shaik L, Kashyap R, Thotamgari SR, Singh R, Khanna S. Gut-Brain Axis and its Neuro-Psychiatric Effects: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e11131. [PMID: 33240722 PMCID: PMC7682910 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota regulates the function and health of the human gut. Preliminary evidence suggests its impact on multiple human systems including the nervous and immune systems. A major area of research has been the directional relationship between intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), called the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota affects brain activity and behavior via endocrine, neural, and immune pathways. An alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome has been linked to a variety of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The connection between gut microbiome and several CNS disorders indicates that the focus of research in the future should be on the bacterial and biochemical targets. Through this review, we outline the established knowledge regarding the gut microbiome and gut-brain axis. In addition to gut microbiome in neurological and psychiatry diseases, we have briefly discussed microbial metabolites affecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), immune dysregulation, modification of autonomic sensorimotor connections, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likhita Shaik
- Internal Medicine, Ashwini Rural Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Solapur, IND
- Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | | | - Sahith Reddy Thotamgari
- Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
- Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Romil Singh
- Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital, Jaipur, IND
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18
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Li W, Luo S, Wan C. Characterization of fever and sickness behavior regulated by cytokines during infection. BEHAVIOUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In response to invasion of pathogens, hosts present fever and a series of behavioural changes including reduced grooming, reduction of foraging, decreased locomotion, withdrawing from social activities and reproductive process, which are collectively termed sickness behaviour. Fever as well as sickness behaviour are adaptive and benefit the host to reduce pathology caused by infections and opportunity costs for time away from foraging, reproduction and predator avoidance. Antipathogenic fever and sickness behaviour are mediated proximately by cytokines including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammation cytokines trigger these sickness responses, while anti-inflammatory cytokines constrain these responses and prevent damage to host from exaggerated responses. The present study reviews the characterization of fever and sickness behaviour regulated by cytokines during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Li
- aDepartment of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No 20, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- bKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuanghong Luo
- aDepartment of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No 20, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- bKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chaomin Wan
- aDepartment of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No 20, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
- bKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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19
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Hoffman KW, Lee JJ, Corcoran CM, Kimhy D, Kranz TM, Malaspina D. Considering the Microbiome in Stress-Related and Neurodevelopmental Trajectories to Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:629. [PMID: 32719625 PMCID: PMC7350783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity and prenatal stress are consistently associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia, although the exact pathogenic mechanisms linking the exposures with the disease remain elusive. Our previous view of the HPA stress axis as an elegant but simple negative feedback loop, orchestrating adaptation to stressors among the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands, needs to be updated. Research in the last two decades shows that important bidirectional signaling between the HPA axis and intestinal mucosa modulates brain function and neurochemistry, including effects on glucocorticoid hormones and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The intestinal microbiome in earliest life, which is seeded by the vaginal microbiome during delivery, programs the development of the HPA axis in a critical developmental window, determining stress sensitivity and HPA function as well as immune system development. The crosstalk between the HPA and the Microbiome Gut Brain Axis (MGBA) is particularly high in the hippocampus, the most consistently disrupted neural region in persons with schizophrenia. Animal models suggest that the MGBA remains influential on behavior and physiology across developmental stages, including the perinatal window, early childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Understanding the role of the microbiome on critical risk related stressors may enhance or transform of understanding of the origins of schizophrenia and offer new approaches to increase resilience against stress effects for preventing and treating schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jakleen J. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl M. Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), New York, NY, United States
| | - David Kimhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), New York, NY, United States
| | - Thorsten M. Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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20
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Root-Bernstein R. Synergistic Activation of Toll-Like and NOD Receptors by Complementary Antigens as Facilitators of Autoimmune Disease: Review, Model and Novel Predictions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134645. [PMID: 32629865 PMCID: PMC7369971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins (NOD) in the innate immune system is one necessary driver of autoimmune disease (AD), but its mechanism remains obscure. This study compares and contrasts TLR and NOD activation profiles for four AD (autoimmune myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) and their animal models. The failure of current AD theories to explain the disparate TLR/NOD profiles in AD is reviewed and a novel model is presented that explains innate immune support of persistent chronic inflammation in terms of unique combinations of complementary AD-specific antigens stimulating synergistic TLRs and/or NODs. The potential explanatory power of the model is explored through testable, novel predictions concerning TLR- and NOD-related AD animal models and therapies.
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21
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Synergistic Effect of WTC-Particulate Matter and Lysophosphatidic Acid Exposure and the Role of RAGE: In-Vitro and Translational Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124318. [PMID: 32560330 PMCID: PMC7344461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
World Trade Center particulate matter (WTC-PM)-exposed firefighters with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) have a higher risk of WTC lung injury (WTC-LI). Since macrophages are crucial innate pulmonary mediators, we investigated WTC-PM/lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) co-exposure in macrophages. LPA, a low-density lipoprotein metabolite, is a ligand of the advanced glycation end-products receptor (AGER or RAGE). LPA and RAGE are biomarkers of WTC-LI. Human and murine macrophages were exposed to WTC-PM, and/or LPA, and compared to controls. Supernatants were assessed for cytokines/chemokines; cell lysate immunoblots were assessed for signaling intermediates after 24 h. To explore the translatability of our in-vitro findings, we assessed serum cytokines/chemokines and metabolites of symptomatic, never-smoking WTC-exposed firefighters. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering identified phenotypes of WTC-PM-induced inflammation. WTC-PM induced GM-CSF, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1 in THP-1-derived macrophages and induced IL-1α, IL-10, TNF-α, and NF-κB in RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. Co-exposure induced synergistic elaboration of IL-10 and MCP-1 in THP-1-derived macrophages. Similarly, co-exposure synergistically induced IL-10 in murine macrophages. Synergistic effects were seen in the context of a downregulation of NF-κB, p-Akt, -STAT3, and -STAT5b. RAGE expression after co-exposure increased in murine macrophages compared to controls. In our integrated analysis, the human cytokine/chemokine biomarker profile of WTC-LI was associated with discriminatory metabolites (fatty acids, sphingolipids, and amino acids). LPA synergistically elaborated WTC-PM’s inflammatory effects in vitro and was partly RAGE-mediated. Further research will focus on the intersection of MetSyn/PM exposure.
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22
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Mal'dov DG, Deryabin PG, Grigoryan SS, Mishin DV, Andronova VL, Isaeva EI, Galegov GA, Ilichev AV. The Mechanism of the Stimforte Effect on the Activation of Target Cell Defense against Viral Infection. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2020; 491:50-53. [PMID: 32483708 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496620020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stimforte in a wide range of concentrations (15-225 µg/mL) totally inhibits the cytopathic activity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Vero-V cell culture. Interferons (IFN) play the most important role in the suppression of infection when the drug is introduced into the culture before the infection. When Stimforte is introduced after the infection, the mechanism of action seems to be different. The activators of IFN production are mainly (or exclusively) the ligands of receptor complexes TLR-4 and NOD-2 contained in the drug. The action of these substances is probably synergistic, similar to the action of LPS and MDP in Vero-V cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P G Deryabin
- Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Ivanovsky Institute of Virology), 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Grigoryan
- Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Ivanovsky Institute of Virology), 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Mishin
- Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Ivanovsky Institute of Virology), 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - V L Andronova
- Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Ivanovsky Institute of Virology), 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Isaeva
- Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Ivanovsky Institute of Virology), 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Galegov
- Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Ivanovsky Institute of Virology), 123098, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Hilliard A, Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. Involvement of NFƙB and MAPK signaling pathways in the preventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum on the inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells induced by LPS. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 345:577269. [PMID: 32480240 PMCID: PMC7382303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) is a potent ancient Asian remedy for the treatment of various diseases. This study investigated GLE preventive effects on LPS-stimulated inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells. The results show that pre-treatment with GLE decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: G-CSF, IL1-α, MCP-5, MIP3α, and, with a higher effect in MIP3α. In RT-PCR assays, pre-treatment with GLE decreased mRNA expression of CHUK, NFκB1/p150, and IKBKE (NFƙB signaling), which may be associated with the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. The data show GLE inhibiting ability on pro-inflammatory mediators' release and suggest a potential role of GLE in neurodegenerative disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hilliard
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America
| | - Patricia Mendonca
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America.
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24
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de Gomes MG, Teixeira FEG, de Carvalho FB, Pacheco CO, da Silva Neto MR, Giacomeli R, Ramalho JB, Dos Santos RB, Domingues WB, Campos VF, Haas SE. Curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules attenuates the immune challenge LPS-induced in rats: Neuroinflammatory and behavioral response in sickness behavior. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 345:577270. [PMID: 32480241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of current study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (CUR-LNC) treatment on neuroinflammatory and behavioral alterations in a model of sickness behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Rats were treated with CUR-LNC and CUR daily for 14 days. After the last treatments, sickness behavior was induced with LPS. Sickness behavior LPS-induced was confirmed by behavioral tests, an increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease in levels of IL-10, overexpression of IDO-1 and IDO-2. In conclusion, CUR-LNC treatment attenuated the neuroinflammatory and behavioral changes caused in sickness behavior model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gomes de Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavia Elizabete Guerra Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barbosa de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Pacheco
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Giacomeli
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bernera Ramalho
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Renata Bem Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Center for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Center for Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Elisa Haas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Pusceddu MM, Barboza M, Keogh CE, Schneider M, Stokes P, Sladek JA, Kim HJD, Torres-Fuentes C, Goldfild LR, Gillis SE, Brust-Mascher I, Rabasa G, Wong KA, Lebrilla C, Byndloss MX, Maisonneuve C, Bäumler AJ, Philpott DJ, Ferrero RL, Barrett KE, Reardon C, Gareau MG. Nod-like receptors are critical for gut-brain axis signalling in mice. J Physiol 2019; 597:5777-5797. [PMID: 31652348 DOI: 10.1113/jp278640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS •Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (Nod)-like receptors regulate cognition, anxiety and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. •Nod-like receptors regulate central and peripheral serotonergic biology. •Nod-like receptors are important for maintenance of gastrointestinal physiology. •Intestinal epithelial cell expression of Nod1 receptors regulate behaviour. ABSTRACT Gut-brain axis signalling is critical for maintaining health and homeostasis. Stressful life events can impact gut-brain signalling, leading to altered mood, cognition and intestinal dysfunction. In the present study, we identified nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (Nod)-like receptors (NLR), Nod1 and Nod2, as novel regulators for gut-brain signalling. NLR are innate immune pattern recognition receptors expressed in the gut and brain, and are important in the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology. We found that mice deficient in both Nod1 and Nod2 (NodDKO) demonstrate signs of stress-induced anxiety, cognitive impairment and depression in the context of a hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These deficits were coupled with impairments in the serotonergic pathway in the brain, decreased hippocampal cell proliferation and immature neurons, as well as reduced neural activation. In addition, NodDKO mice had increased gastrointestinal permeability and altered serotonin signalling in the gut following exposure to acute stress. Administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, abrogated behavioural impairments and restored serotonin signalling. We also identified that intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of Nod1 (VilCre+ Nod1f/f ), but not Nod2, increased susceptibility to stress-induced anxiety-like behaviour and cognitive impairment following exposure to stress. Together, these data suggest that intestinal epithelial NLR are novel modulators of gut-brain communication and may serve as potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of gut-brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo M Pusceddu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mariana Barboza
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ciara E Keogh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Melinda Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Stokes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Sladek
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Jung D Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lily R Goldfild
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shane E Gillis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gonzalo Rabasa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kyle A Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlito Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Colin Reardon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mélanie G Gareau
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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26
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Zenz G, Farzi A, Fröhlich EE, Reichmann F, Holzer P. Intranasal Neuropeptide Y Blunts Lipopolysaccharide-Evoked Sickness Behavior but Not the Immune Response in Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:1335-1349. [PMID: 31338703 PMCID: PMC6985076 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been demonstrated to exert stress buffering effects and promote resilience. Non-invasive intranasal (IN) application of NPY to rodents is able to mitigate traumatic stress-induced behavioral changes as well as dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, it is unknown whether IN NPY could prevent the behavioral, pro-inflammatory and neurochemical responses to peripheral immune activation by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, we analyzed the effects of IN NPY (100 μg) on the behavioral sickness response (reduced locomotion and exploration) and the underlying molecular mechanisms, 3 h and 21 h after intraperitoneal injections of LPS (0.03 mg/kg) in male C57BL/6N mice. The acute behavioral sickness response was significantly dampened by pretreatment with IN NPY 3 h after LPS injection. This effect was accompanied by diminished weight loss and lowered plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels 21 h after LPS injection. In contrast, acute circulating cytokine levels and hypothalamic cytokine mRNA expression remained unaltered by IN NPY, which indicates that the peripheral and cerebral immune response to LPS was left undisturbed. Our findings are in agreement with the reported activity of NPY to dampen the response of the HPA axis to stress. We propose that IN NPY ablates sickness behavior at a site beyond the peripheral and cerebral cytokine response, an action that is associated with reduced activity of the HPA axis as determined by decreased plasma CORT.These results indicate that IN NPY administration may be relevant to the management of neuropsychiatric disorders arising from immune-induced neuroendocrine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Zenz
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Esther E Fröhlich
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12, A-8010, Graz, Austria
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27
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Zenz G, Jačan A, Reichmann F, Farzi A, Holzer P. Intermittent Fasting Exacerbates the Acute Immune and Behavioral Sickness Response to the Viral Mimic Poly(I:C) in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:359. [PMID: 31057355 PMCID: PMC6478699 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermitted fasting and other forms of calorie restriction are increasingly demonstrated to exert potential health benefits. Interestingly, restricted feeding is also able to mitigate sickness in response to bacterial factors stimulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, little is known about how fasting modifies the activity of virus-associated molecular patterns. We therefore analyzed the impact of an intermittent fasting (IF) regimen on the immune and behavioral response to the TLR3 agonist and viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] in mice. The effects of intraperitoneally injected Poly(I:C) (12 mg/kg) on plasma and cerebral cytokine expression and behavior (locomotion, exploration, and ingestion) were examined in male C57BL/6N mice under control conditions and following a 9 days period of intermittent (alternate day) fasting (IF). Poly(I:C) increased the circulating levels of cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ), an effect amplified by IF. In addition, IF aggravated sickness behavior in response to Poly(I:C), while cerebral cytokine expression was enhanced by application of Poly(I:C) in the absence of a significant effect of IF. Furthermore, IF augmented the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA in the hypothalamus and increased the plasma levels of corticosterone, while Poly(I:C) had little effect on these readouts. Our data show that IF does not abate, but exaggerates the immune and sickness response to the viral mimic Poly(I:C). This adverse effect of IF occurs despite increased hypothalamic NPY expression and enhanced plasma corticosterone. We therefore propose that the effects of IF on the immune and behavioral responses to viral and bacterial factors are subject to different neuronal and neuroendocrine control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Zenz
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Jačan
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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28
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Kurilshikov A, van den Munckhof ICL, Chen L, Bonder MJ, Schraa K, Rutten JHW, Riksen NP, de Graaf J, Oosting M, Sanna S, Joosten LAB, van der Graaf M, Brand T, Koonen DPY, van Faassen M, Slagboom PE, Xavier RJ, Kuipers F, Hofker MH, Wijmenga C, Netea MG, Zhernakova A, Fu J. Gut Microbial Associations to Plasma Metabolites Linked to Cardiovascular Phenotypes and Risk. Circ Res 2019; 124:1808-1820. [PMID: 30971183 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Altered gut microbial composition has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but its functional links to host metabolism and immunity in relation to CVD development remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To systematically assess functional links between the microbiome and the plasma metabolome, cardiometabolic phenotypes, and CVD risk and to identify diet-microbe-metabolism-immune interactions in well-documented cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed metagenomics-based microbial associations between 231 plasma metabolites and microbial species and pathways in the population-based LLD (Lifelines DEEP) cohort (n=978) and a clinical obesity cohort (n=297). After correcting for age, sex, and body mass index, the gut microbiome could explain ≤11.1% and 16.4% of the variation in plasma metabolites in the population-based and obesity cohorts, respectively. Obese-specific microbial associations were found for lipid compositions in the VLDL, IDL, and LDL lipoprotein subclasses. Bacterial L-methionine biosynthesis and a Ruminococcus species were associated to cardiovascular phenotypes in obese individuals, namely atherosclerosis and liver fat content, respectively. Integration of microbiome-diet-inflammation analysis in relation to metabolic risk score of CVD in the population cohort revealed 48 microbial pathways associated to CVD risk that were largely independent of diet and inflammation. Our data also showed that plasma levels rather than fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids were relevant to inflammation and CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the largest metagenome-based association study on plasma metabolism and microbiome relevance to diet, inflammation, CVD risk, and cardiometabolic phenotypes in both population-based and clinical obesity cohorts. Our findings identified novel bacterial species and pathways that associated to specific lipoprotein subclasses and revealed functional links between the gut microbiome and host health that provide a basis for developing microbiome-targeted therapy for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kurilshikov
- From the Department of Genetics (A.K., L.C., M.J.B., S.S., C.W., A.Z., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge C L van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lianmin Chen
- From the Department of Genetics (A.K., L.C., M.J.B., S.S., C.W., A.Z., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics (L.C., D.P.Y.K., F.K., M.H.H., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc J Bonder
- From the Department of Genetics (A.K., L.C., M.J.B., S.S., C.W., A.Z., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki Schraa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Sanna
- From the Department of Genetics (A.K., L.C., M.J.B., S.S., C.W., A.Z., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marinette van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.v.d.G.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Department of Pediatrics (L.C., D.P.Y.K., F.K., M.H.H., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.v.F., F.K.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (P.E.S.)
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.J.X.).,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.J.X.).,Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.J.X.).,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.J.X.)
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics (L.C., D.P.Y.K., F.K., M.H.H., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.v.F., F.K.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marten H Hofker
- Department of Pediatrics (L.C., D.P.Y.K., F.K., M.H.H., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- From the Department of Genetics (A.K., L.C., M.J.B., S.S., C.W., A.Z., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Norway (C.W.)
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (I.C.L.v.d.M., K.S., J.H.W.R., N.P.R., J.d.G., M.O., L.A.B.J., T.B., M.G.N.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Germany (M.G.N.).,Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania (M.G.N.)
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- From the Department of Genetics (A.K., L.C., M.J.B., S.S., C.W., A.Z., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- From the Department of Genetics (A.K., L.C., M.J.B., S.S., C.W., A.Z., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics (L.C., D.P.Y.K., F.K., M.H.H., J.F.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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Diabesity and mood disorders: Multiple links through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 66:80-93. [PMID: 30513310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabesity is on the rise, and the clinical, social and economic health burden arising from this epidemic is aggravated by a significant co-morbidity of diabesity with neuropsychiatric disease, particularly depression. Importantly, not only is the prevalence of mood disorders elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes, depressed patients are also more prone to develop diabetes. This reciprocal relationship calls for a molecular and systemic analysis of diabesity-brain interactions to guide preventive and therapeutic strategies. The analysis we are presenting in this review is modelled on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which provides the brain with information from the gut not only via the nervous system, but also via a continuous stream of microbial, endocrine, metabolic and immune messages. This communication network offers important clues as to how obesity and diabetes could target the brain to provoke neuropsychiatric disease. There is emerging evidence that the gut microbiota is orchestrating a multiplicity of bodily functions that are intimately related to the immune, metabolic and nervous systems and that gut dysbiosis spoils the homeostasis between these systems. In our article we highlight two groups of molecular links that seem to have a significant bearing on the impact of diabesity on the brain. On the one hand, we focus on microbiota-related metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, immune stimulants and endocannabinoids that are likely to play a mediator role. On the other hand, we discuss signalling molecules that operate primarily in the brain, specifically neuropeptide Y, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and γ-amino butyric acid, that are disturbed by microbial factors, obesity and diabetes and are relevant to mental illness. Finally, we address the usefulness of diet-related interventions to suspend the deleterious relationship between diabesity and mood disorders.
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30
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Cellular localization and regulation of receptors and enzymes of the endocannabinoid system in intestinal and systemic inflammation. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:5-20. [PMID: 30196316 PMCID: PMC6328631 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Surveys suggest that Cannabis provides benefit for people with inflammatory bowel disease. However, mechanisms underlying beneficial effects are not clear. We performed in situ hybridization RNAscope® combined with immunohistochemistry to show cell-specific distribution and regulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB1, CB2), G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) mRNA in immune cells using murine models of intestinal and systemic inflammation. In healthy animals, the presence in enteric ganglia is high for CB1 mRNA, but low for CB2 and GPR55 mRNAs. MGL mRNA is predominant throughout the intestinal wall including myenteric neurons, epithelium, circular and longitudinal muscular layers, and the lamina propria. Within the immune system, B220+ cells exhibit high gene expression for CB2 while the expression of CB2 in F4/80+ and CD3+ cells is less prominent. In contrast, GPR55 mRNA is highly present in F4/80+ and CD3+ cells. qRT-PCR of total colonic segments shows that the expression of GPR55 and MGL genes drops during intestinal inflammation. Also at cellular levels, GPR55 and MGL gene expression is reduced in F4/80+, but not CD3+ cells. As to systemic inflammation, reduced gene expression of MGL is observed in ileum by qRT-PCR, while at cellular levels, altered gene expression is also seen for CB1 and GPR55 in CD3+ but not F4/80+ cells. In summary, our study reveals changes in gene expression of members of the endocannabinoid system in situ attesting particularly GPR55 and MGL a distinct cellular role in the regulation of the immune response to intestinal and systemic inflammation.
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31
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Huang S, Wu J, Gao X, Zou S, Chen L, Yang X, Sun C, Du Y, Zhu B, Li J, Yang X, Feng X, Wu C, Shi C, Wang B, Lu Y, Liu J, Zheng X, Gong F, Lu M, Yang D. LSECs express functional NOD1 receptors: A role for NOD1 in LSEC maturation-induced T cell immunity in vitro. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:167-175. [PMID: 29944986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are organ resident APCs capable of antigen presentation and subsequent tolerization of T cells under physiological conditions. In this study, we investigated whether LSEC pretreatment with NOD-like receptor (NLR) agonists can switch the cells from a tolerogenic to an immunogenic state and promote the development of T cell immunity. LSECs constitutively express NOD1, NOD2 and RIPK2. Stimulation of LSECs with DAP induced the activation of NF-κB and MAP kinases and upregulated the expression of chemokines (CXCL2/9, CCL2/7/8) and cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2). Pretreatment of LSECs with DAP induced significantly increased IFN-γ and IL-2-production by HBV-stimulated CD8+ T cells primed by DAP-treated LSECs. Consistently, a significant reduction in the HBV DNA and HBsAg level occurred in mice receiving T cells primed by DAP-treated LSECs. MDP stimulation had no impact on LSECs or HBV-stimulated CD8+ T cells primed with MDP-treated LSECs except for the upregulation of PD-L1. DAP stimulation in vitro could promote LSEC maturation and activate HBV-specific T cell responses. These results are of particular relevance for the regulation of the local innate immune response against HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Xilang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Chan Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Yanqin Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Chunchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chunwei Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Yinping Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Abstract
The microbial ecosystem that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of all mammals-the gut microbiota-has been in a symbiotic relationship with its hosts over many millennia. Thanks to modern technology, the myriad of functions that are controlled or modulated by the gut microbiota are beginning to unfold. One of the systems that is emerging to closely interact with the gut microbiota is the body's major neuroendocrine system that controls various body processes in response to stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This interaction is of pivotal importance; as various disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis are associated with dysregulation of the HPA axis. The present contribution describes the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the HPA axis and delineates the potential underlying mechanisms. In this regard, it is important to note that the communication between the gut microbiota and the HPA axis is closely interrelated with other systems, such as the immune system, the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier, microbial metabolites, and gut hormones, as well as the sensory and autonomic nervous systems. These communication pathways will be exemplified through preclinical models of early life stress, beneficial roles of probiotics and prebiotics, evidence from germ-free mice, and antibiotic-induced modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitak Farzi
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology Section, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Esther E Fröhlich
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology Section, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology Section, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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33
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Dhaya I, Griton M, Raffard G, Amri M, Hiba B, Konsman JP. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation alters perfusion of white matter-rich regions without altering flow in brain-irrigating arteries: Relationship to blood-brain barrier breakdown? J Neuroimmunol 2018; 314:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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34
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Chan KL, Tam TH, Boroumand P, Prescott D, Costford SR, Escalante NK, Fine N, Tu Y, Robertson SJ, Prabaharan D, Liu Z, Bilan PJ, Salter MW, Glogauer M, Girardin SE, Philpott DJ, Klip A. Circulating NOD1 Activators and Hematopoietic NOD1 Contribute to Metabolic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2415-2426. [PMID: 28273456 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a chronic inflammatory condition accompanying obesity or high fat diets that leads to type 2 diabetes. It is hypothesized that lipids and gut bacterial compounds in particular contribute to metabolic inflammation by activating the immune system; however, the receptors detecting these "instigators" of inflammation remain largely undefined. Here, we show that circulating activators of NOD1, a receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan, increase with high fat feeding in mice, suggesting that NOD1 could be a critical sensor leading to metabolic inflammation. Hematopoietic depletion of NOD1 did not prevent weight gain but protected chimeric mice against diet-induced glucose and insulin intolerance. Mechanistically, while macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue persisted, notably these cells were less pro-inflammatory, had lower CXCL1 production, and consequently, lower neutrophil chemoattraction into the tissue. These findings reveal macrophage NOD1 as a cell-specific target to combat diet-induced inflammation past the step of macrophage infiltration, leading to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny L Chan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Theresa H Tam
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David Prescott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sheila R Costford
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nichole K Escalante
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - YuShan Tu
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Susan J Robertson
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dilshaayee Prabaharan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Zhi Liu
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michael W Salter
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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35
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Holzer P, Farzi A, Hassan AM, Zenz G, Jačan A, Reichmann F. Visceral Inflammation and Immune Activation Stress the Brain. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1613. [PMID: 29213271 PMCID: PMC5702648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress refers to a dynamic process in which the homeostasis of an organism is challenged, the outcome depending on the type, severity, and duration of stressors involved, the stress responses triggered, and the stress resilience of the organism. Importantly, the relationship between stress and the immune system is bidirectional, as not only stressors have an impact on immune function, but alterations in immune function themselves can elicit stress responses. Such bidirectional interactions have been prominently identified to occur in the gastrointestinal tract in which there is a close cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the local immune system, governed by the permeability of the intestinal mucosa. External stressors disturb the homeostasis between microbiota and gut, these disturbances being signaled to the brain via multiple communication pathways constituting the gut-brain axis, ultimately eliciting stress responses and perturbations of brain function. In view of these relationships, the present article sets out to highlight some of the interactions between peripheral immune activation, especially in the visceral system, and brain function, behavior, and stress coping. These issues are exemplified by the way through which the intestinal microbiota as well as microbe-associated molecular patterns including lipopolysaccharide communicate with the immune system and brain, and the mechanisms whereby overt inflammation in the GI tract impacts on emotional-affective behavior, pain sensitivity, and stress coping. The interactions between the peripheral immune system and the brain take place along the gut-brain axis, the major communication pathways of which comprise microbial metabolites, gut hormones, immune mediators, and sensory neurons. Through these signaling systems, several transmitter and neuropeptide systems within the brain are altered under conditions of peripheral immune stress, enabling adaptive processes related to stress coping and resilience to take place. These aspects of the impact of immune stress on molecular and behavioral processes in the brain have a bearing on several disturbances of mental health and highlight novel opportunities of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Geraldine Zenz
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Jačan
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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36
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DeKorver NW, Chaudoin TR, Bonasera SJ. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Is a Regulator of Circadian Active and Inactive State Consolidation in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:219. [PMID: 28769782 PMCID: PMC5510442 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory systems required to maintain behavioral arousal remain incompletely understood. We describe a previously unappreciated role that toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2, a membrane bound pattern recognition receptor that recognizes specific bacterial, viral, and fungal peptides), contributes toward regulation of behavioral arousal. In 4–4.5 month old mice with constitutive loss of Tlr2 function (Tlr2−/− mice), we note a marked consolidation in the circadian pattern of both active and inactive states. Specifically, Tlr2−/− mice demonstrated significantly fewer but longer duration active states during the circadian dark cycle, and significantly fewer but longer duration inactive states during the circadian light cycle. Tlr2−/− mice also consumed less food and water, and moved less during the circadian light cycle. Analysis of circadian rhythms further suggested that Tlr2−/− mice demonstrated less day-to-day variability in feeding, drinking, and movement behaviors. Reevaluation of this same mouse cohort at age 8–8.5 months revealed a clear blunting of these differences. However, Tlr2−/− mice were still noted to have fewer short-duration active states during the circadian dark cycle, and continued to demonstrate significantly less day-to-day variability in feeding, drinking, and movement behaviors. These results suggest that Tlr2 function may have a role in promoting transitions between active and inactive states. Prior studies have demonstrated that Tlr2 regulates sickness behaviors including hypophagia, hyperthermia, and decreased activity. Our work suggests that Tlr2 function also evokes behavioral fragmentation, another aspect of sickness behavior and a clinically significant problem of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W DeKorver
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, United States
| | - Tammy R Chaudoin
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, United States
| | - Stephen J Bonasera
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, United States
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37
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Tohidpour A, Morgun AV, Boitsova EB, Malinovskaya NA, Martynova GP, Khilazheva ED, Kopylevich NV, Gertsog GE, Salmina AB. Neuroinflammation and Infection: Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Dysfunction of Neurovascular Unit. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:276. [PMID: 28676848 PMCID: PMC5476750 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex inflammatory process in the central nervous system, which is sought to play an important defensive role against various pathogens, toxins or factors that induce neurodegeneration. The onset of neurodegenerative diseases and various microbial infections are counted as stimuli that can challenge the host immune system and trigger the development of neuroinflammation. The homeostatic nature of neuroinflammation is essential to maintain the neuroplasticity. Neuroinflammation is regulated by the activity of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells within the neurovascular unit, which serves as a “platform” for the coordinated action of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Production of inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species) by brain resident cells or cells migrating from the peripheral blood, results in the impairment of blood-brain barrier integrity, thereby further affecting the course of local inflammation. In this review, we analyzed the most recent data on the central nervous system inflammation and focused on major mechanisms of neurovascular unit dysfunction caused by neuroinflammation and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Tohidpour
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Morgun
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Department of Paediatrics, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta B Boitsova
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Department of Children Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Malinovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina P Martynova
- Department of Children Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena D Khilazheva
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V Kopylevich
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina E Gertsog
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
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Mayerhofer R, Fröhlich EE, Reichmann F, Farzi A, Kogelnik N, Fröhlich E, Sattler W, Holzer P. Diverse action of lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide on neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and anxiety in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:174-187. [PMID: 27751870 PMCID: PMC5419569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites are known to affect immune system, brain, and behavior via activation of pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Unlike the effect of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the role of other TLR agonists in immune-brain communication is insufficiently understood. We therefore hypothesized that the TLR2 agonist lipoteichoic acid (LTA) causes immune activation in the periphery and brain, stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and has an adverse effect on blood-brain barrier (BBB) and emotional behavior. Since LTA preparations may be contaminated by LPS, an extract of LTA (LTAextract), purified LTA (LTApure), and pure LPS (LPSultrapure) were compared with each other in their effects on molecular and behavioral parameters 3h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to male C57BL/6N mice. The LTAextract (20mg/kg) induced anxiety-related behavior in the open field test, enhanced the circulating levels of particular cytokines and the cerebral expression of cytokine mRNA, and blunted the cerebral expression of tight junction protein mRNA. A dose of LPSultrapure matching the amount of endotoxin/LPS contaminating the LTAextract reproduced several of the molecular and behavioral effects of LTAextract. LTApure (20mg/kg) increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 and interferon-γ, and enhanced the transcription of TNF-α, interleukin-1β and other cytokines in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. These neuroinflammatory effects of LTApure were associated with transcriptional down-regulation of tight junction-associated proteins (claudin 5, occludin) in the brain. LTApure also enhanced circulating corticosterone, but failed to alter locomotor and anxiety-related behavior in the open field test. These data disclose that TLR2 agonism by LTA causes peripheral immune activation and initiates neuroinflammatory processes in the brain that are associated with down-regulation of BBB components and activation of the HPA axis, although emotional behavior (anxiety) is not affected. The results obtained with an LTA preparation contaminated with LPS hint at a facilitatory interaction between TLR2 and TLR4, the adverse impact of which on long-term neuroinflammation, disruption of the BBB and mental health warrants further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Mayerhofer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Esther E Fröhlich
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nora Kogelnik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24/1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Antidepressant-like effect of pramipexole in an inflammatory model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:365-373. [PMID: 27825895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pramipexole (PPX), a dopamine D2/3 receptor preferring agonist, is currently in use for the treatment of Parkinson's disease symptoms and restless legs syndrome. Recently, anti-inflammatory properties of PPX have been shown in an autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis, and case reports indicate PPX ameliorates depressive symptoms. Since peripheral inflammation is known to induce depression-like behavior in rodents, we assessed the potential antidepressant effect of PPX in an inflammatory model of depression induced by LPS. Repeated (daily for 7days, 1mg/kg, i.p.), but not acute (1h before LPS) treatment with PPX abolished the depression-like behavior induced by LPS (0.1mg/kg, i.p.) in the forced swim test, and the anhedonic behavior in the splash test. Interestingly, PPX per se decreased interleukin 1β levels and reversed LPS-induced increase in its content in mice hippocampus⋅ Repeated PPX treatment also prevented the increase in hippocampal levels of the 3-nitrotyrosine protein adducts induced by LPS. Haloperidol (0.2mg/kg, i.p.) and sulpiride (50mg/kg, i.p.) were unable to prevent the antidepressant-like effect of PPX in LPS-treated mice. Altogether, these results suggest that the observed antidepressant-like effect of PPX in LPS-treated mice may be dependent on its anti-inflammatory properties and may not be related to dopamine D2 receptor activation.
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Zhang F, Fu Y, Zhou X, Pan W, Shi Y, Wang M, Zhang X, Qi D, Li L, Ma K, Tang R, Zheng K, Song Y. Depression-like behaviors and heme oxygenase-1 are regulated by Lycopene in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 298:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mujagic Z, Tigchelaar EF, Zhernakova A, Ludwig T, Ramiro-Garcia J, Baranska A, Swertz MA, Masclee AAM, Wijmenga C, van Schooten FJ, Smolinska A, Jonkers DMAE. A novel biomarker panel for irritable bowel syndrome and the application in the general population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26420. [PMID: 27263852 PMCID: PMC4893613 DOI: 10.1038/srep26420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological markers that measure gut health and diagnose functional gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are lacking. The objective was to identify and validate a biomarker panel associated with the pathophysiology of IBS that discriminates IBS from healthy controls (HC), and correlates with GI symptom severity. In a case-control design, various plasma and fecal markers were measured in a cohort of 196 clinical IBS patients and 160 HC without GI symptoms. A combination of biomarkers, which best discriminates between IBS and HC was identified and validated in an independent internal validation set and by permutation testing. The correlation between the biomarker panel and GI symptom severity was tested in IBS patients and in a general population cohort of 958 subjects. A set of 8 biomarker panel was identified to discriminate IBS from HC with high sensitivity (88.1%) and specificity (86.5%). The results for the IBS subtypes were comparable. Moreover, a moderate correlation was found between the biomarker panel and GI symptom scores in the IBS (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and the general population cohorts (r = 0.51, p = 0.003). A novel multi-domain biomarker panel has been identified and validated, which correlated moderately to GI symptom severity in IBS and general population subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatan Mujagic
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ettje F. Tigchelaar
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department Developmental Physiology and Nutrition, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Ramiro-Garcia
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Baranska
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A. Swertz
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A. M. Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J. van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy M. A. E. Jonkers
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zhernakova A, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ, Tigchelaar EF, Schirmer M, Vatanen T, Mujagic Z, Vila AV, Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, Wang J, Imhann F, Brandsma E, Jankipersadsing SA, Joossens M, Cenit MC, Deelen P, Swertz MA, Weersma RK, Feskens EJM, Netea MG, Gevers D, Jonkers D, Franke L, Aulchenko YS, Huttenhower C, Raes J, Hofker MH, Xavier RJ, Wijmenga C, Fu J. Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science 2016; 352:565-9. [PMID: 27126040 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1178] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep sequencing of the gut microbiomes of 1135 participants from a Dutch population-based cohort shows relations between the microbiome and 126 exogenous and intrinsic host factors, including 31 intrinsic factors, 12 diseases, 19 drug groups, 4 smoking categories, and 60 dietary factors. These factors collectively explain 18.7% of the variation seen in the interindividual distance of microbial composition. We could associate 110 factors to 125 species and observed that fecal chromogranin A (CgA), a protein secreted by enteroendocrine cells, was exclusively associated with 61 microbial species whose abundance collectively accounted for 53% of microbial composition. Low CgA concentrations were seen in individuals with a more diverse microbiome. These results are an important step toward a better understanding of environment-diet-microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zhernakova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ettje F Tigchelaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Schirmer
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zlatan Mujagic
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands. Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gwen Falony
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jun Wang
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Floris Imhann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eelke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Soesma A Jankipersadsing
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie Joossens
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Carmen Cenit
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain. Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrick Deelen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Rinse K Weersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Gevers
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK. PolyOmica, Groningen, Netherlands. Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeroen Raes
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium. VIB, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marten H Hofker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands.
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Chaskiel L, Paul F, Gerstberger R, Hübschle T, Konsman JP. Brainstem metabotropic glutamate receptors reduce food intake and activate dorsal pontine and medullar structures after peripheral bacterial lipopolysaccharide administration. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:146-159. [PMID: 27016016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During infection-induced inflammation food intake is reduced. Vagal and brainstem pathways are important both in feeding regulation and immune-to-brain communication. Glutamate is released by vagal afferent terminals in the nucleus of the solitary tract and by its neurons projecting to the parabrachial nuclei. We therefore studied the role of brainstem glutamate receptors in spontaneous food intake of healthy animals and during sickness-associated hypophagia after peripheral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharides or interleukin-1beta. Brainstem group I and II metabotropic, but not ionotropic, glutamate receptor antagonism increased food intake both in saline- and lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. In these animals, expression of the cellular activation marker c-Fos in the lateral parabrachial nuclei and lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract rostral to the area postrema were suppressed. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors did not colocalize with c-Fos or neurons regulating gastric function in these structures. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors were, however, found on raphé magnus neurons that were part of the brainstem circuit innervating the stomach and on trigeminal and hypoglossal motor neurons. In conclusion, our findings show that brainstem metabotropic glutamate receptors reduce food intake and activate the lateral parabrachial nuclei as well as the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract after peripheral bacterial lipopolysaccharide administration. They also provide insight into potential group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent brainstem circuits mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Chaskiel
- CNRS, PsychoNeuroImmunologie, Nutrition et Génétique, UMR 5226, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, PsyNuGen, UMR 5226, Bordeaux, France
| | - Flora Paul
- CNRS, PsychoNeuroImmunologie, Nutrition et Génétique, UMR 5226, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, PsyNuGen, UMR 5226, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rüdiger Gerstberger
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hübschle
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- CNRS, PsychoNeuroImmunologie, Nutrition et Génétique, UMR 5226, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, PsyNuGen, UMR 5226, Bordeaux, France.
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Holzer P, Hassan AM, Jain P, Reichmann F, Farzi A. Neuroimmune pharmacological approaches. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 25:13-22. [PMID: 26426677 PMCID: PMC4830400 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a major health problem which impairs the quality of life, impacts mental health and is exacerbated by stress and psychiatric disturbances which, in turn, can affect disease prognosis and response to treatment. Accumulating evidence indicates that the immune system is an important interface between intestinal inflammation and the enteric, sensory, central and autonomic nervous systems. In addition, the neuroimmune interactions originating from the gastrointestinal tract are orchestrated by the gut microbiota. This article reviews some major insights into this complex homeostatic network that have been achieved during the past two years and attempts to put these advances into perspective with novel opportunities of pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Piyush Jain
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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45
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Grabner GF, Eichmann TO, Wagner B, Gao Y, Farzi A, Taschler U, Radner FPW, Schweiger M, Lass A, Holzer P, Zinser E, Tschöp MH, Yi CX, Zimmermann R. Deletion of Monoglyceride Lipase in Astrocytes Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Neuroinflammation. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:913-23. [PMID: 26565024 PMCID: PMC4705409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.683615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoglyceride lipase (MGL) is required for efficient hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglyerol (2-AG) in the brain generating arachidonic acid (AA) and glycerol. This metabolic function makes MGL an interesting target for the treatment of neuroinflammation, since 2-AG exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and AA is a precursor for pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Astrocytes are an important source of AA and 2-AG, and highly express MGL. In the present study, we dissected the distinct contribution of MGL in astrocytes on brain 2-AG and AA metabolism by generating a mouse model with genetic deletion of MGL specifically in astrocytes (MKOGFAP). MKOGFAP mice exhibit moderately increased 2-AG and reduced AA levels in brain. Minor accumulation of 2-AG in the brain of MKOGFAP mice does not cause cannabinoid receptor desensitization as previously observed in mice globally lacking MGL. Importantly, MKOGFAP mice exhibit reduced brain prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels upon peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. These observations indicate that MGL-mediated degradation of 2-AG in astrocytes provides AA for prostaglandin synthesis promoting LPS-induced neuroinflammation. The beneficial effect of astrocyte-specific MGL-deficiency is not fully abrogated by the inverse cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist SR141716 (Rimonabant) suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects are rather caused by reduced prostaglandin synthesis than by activation of cannabinoid receptors. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that MGL in astrocytes is an important regulator of 2-AG levels, AA availability, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wagner
- the Institute of Biomedical Science, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- the Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aitak Farzi
- the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P W Radner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Erwin Zinser
- the Institute of Biomedical Science, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- the Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- the Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany, the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
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Stančić A, Jandl K, Hasenöhrl C, Reichmann F, Marsche G, Schuligoi R, Heinemann A, Storr M, Schicho R. The GPR55 antagonist CID16020046 protects against intestinal inflammation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1432-45. [PMID: 26227635 PMCID: PMC4587547 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a lysophospholipid receptor responsive to certain cannabinoids. The role of GPR55 in inflammatory processes of the gut is largely unknown. Using the recently characterized GPR55 inhibitor CID16020046, we determined the role of GPR55 in experimental intestinal inflammation and explored possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Colitis was induced by either 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) supplemented in the drinking water of C57BL/6 mice or by a single intrarectal application of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). KEY RESULTS Daily application of CID16020046 (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced inflammation scores and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In the DSS colitis model, levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and the expression of cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) were reduced in colon tissues while in TNBS-induced colitis, levels of Cox-2, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly lowered. Evaluation of leukocyte recruitment by flow cytometry indicated reduced presence of lymphocytes and macrophages in the colon following GPR55 inhibition in DSS-induced colitis. In J774A.1 mouse macrophages, inhibition of GPR55 revealed reduced migration of macrophages and decreased CD11b expression, suggesting that direct effects of CID16020046 on macrophages may have contributed to the improvement of colitis. GPR55(-/-) knockout mice showed reduced inflammation scores as compared to wild type mice in the DSS model suggesting a pro-inflammatory role in intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Pharmacological blockade of GPR55 reduces experimental intestinal inflammation by reducing leukocyte migration and activation, in particular that of macrophages. Therefore, CID16020046 represents a possible drug for the treatment of bowel inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Stančić
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Carina Hasenöhrl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Martin Storr
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
,Co-corresponding author:Martin Storr, MD, PhD Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Großhadern Ludwig-Maximilians University Marchioninistr. 15 81377 Munich Germany Phone: 0049 89-7095-2281 (0) Fax: 0049 89-7095-5281
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz
,Corresponding author:Rudolf Schicho, PhD Medical University of Graz Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Universitätsplatz 4 8010 Graz Austria Phone: 0043 3163807851 Fax: 0043 3163809645
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Jain P, Hassan AM, Koyani CN, Mayerhofer R, Reichmann F, Farzi A, Schuligoi R, Malle E, Holzer P. Behavioral and molecular processing of visceral pain in the brain of mice: impact of colitis and psychological stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26217204 PMCID: PMC4498125 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disorders with abdominal pain are associated with central sensitization and psychopathologies that are often exacerbated by stress. Here we investigated the impact of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) on spontaneous and nociception-related behavior and molecular signaling in the mouse brain. DSS increased the mechanical pain sensitivity of the abdominal skin while both WAS and DSS enhanced the mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity of the plantar skin. These manifestations of central sensitization were associated with augmented c-Fos expression in spinal cord, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. While WAS stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p42/44, DSS activated another signaling pathway, both of which converged on c-Fos. The DSS- and WAS-induced hyperalgesia in the abdominal and plantar skin and c-Fos expression in the brain disappeared when the mice were subjected to WAS+DSS treatment. Intrarectal allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) evoked aversive behavior (freezing, reduction of locomotion and exploration) in association with p42/44 MAPK and c-Fos activation in spinal cord and brain. These effects were inhibited by morphine, which attests to their relationship with nociception. DSS and WAS exerted opposite effects on AITC-evoked p42/44 MAPK and c-Fos activation, which indicates that these transduction pathways subserve different aspects of visceral pain processing in the brain. In summary, behavioral perturbations caused by colitis and psychological stress are associated with distinct alterations in cerebral signaling. These findings provide novel perspectives on central sensitization and the sensory and emotional processing of visceral pain stimuli in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Jain
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Chintan N Koyani
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Raphaela Mayerhofer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
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Farzi A, Reichmann F, Holzer P. The homeostatic role of neuropeptide Y in immune function and its impact on mood and behaviour. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:603-27. [PMID: 25545642 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant peptides in the nervous system, exerts its effects via five receptor types, termed Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5 and Y6. NPY's pleiotropic functions comprise the regulation of brain activity, mood, stress coping, ingestion, digestion, metabolism, vascular and immune function. Nerve-derived NPY directly affects immune cells while NPY also acts as a paracrine and autocrine immune mediator, because immune cells themselves are capable of producing and releasing NPY. NPY is able to induce immune activation or suppression, depending on a myriad of factors such as the Y receptors activated and cell types involved. There is an intricate relationship between psychological stress, mood disorders and the immune system. While stress represents a risk factor for the development of mood disorders, it exhibits diverse actions on the immune system as well. Conversely, inflammation is regarded as an internal stressor and is increasingly recognized to contribute to the pathogenesis of mood and metabolic disorders. Intriguingly, the cerebral NPY system has been found to protect against distinct disturbances in response to immune challenge, attenuating the sickness response and preventing the development of depression. Thus, NPY plays an important homeostatic role in balancing disturbances of physiological systems caused by peripheral immune challenge. This implication is particularly evident in the brain in which NPY counteracts the negative impact of immune challenge on mood, emotional processing and stress resilience. NPY thus acts as a unique signalling molecule in the interaction of the immune system with the brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - F. Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - P. Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
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