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Ye J, Duan C, Han J, Chen J, Sun N, Li Y, Yuan T, Peng D. Peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for major depressive disorder. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1541-1554. [PMID: 38934398 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Ye
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Duan
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Han
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jinrong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Li L, Ren L, Li B, Liu C. Therapeutic effects of exercise on depression: The role of microglia. Brain Res 2025; 1846:149279. [PMID: 39406315 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorderadversely affects mental health. Traditional therapeutic approaches, including medication, psychological intervention, and physical therapy, exert beneficial effects on depression. However, these approaches are associated with some limitations, such as high cost, adverse reactions, recurrent episodes, and low patient adherence. Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise therapy can effectively mitigate depressive symptoms, although the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Recent studies have suggested that depression is a microglial disease. Microglia regulate the inflammatory response, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, kynurenine pathway and the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, all of which affect depression. Exercise therapy is reported to shift the balance of microglial M1/M2 polarization in the hippocampus, frontal lobe, and striatum, suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory factors and consequently alleviating behavioral deficits in animal models of depression. Further studies are needed to examine the specific effects of different exercise regimens on microglia to identify the exercise regimen with the best therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Baoding, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Baoding, China; The Sixth Clinical Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, China.
| | - Chaomeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Guo M, Pei WJ, Liu L, Chen K, Cheng Y, Piao XL. Neuroprotective effects of gypenosides on LPS-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 143:113367. [PMID: 39413644 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM Depression, a prevalent mental disorder, significantly impairs the quality of life and social functioning. Targeting neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic approach, highlighting the need for natural neuroprotective agents. Gypenosides (Gyp) from Gynostemma pentaphyllum exhibit anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether Gyp, isolated and purified by our laboratory, can exert neuroprotective effects by modulating neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice with LPS-induced anxiety and depression, thereby ameliorating behavioral phenotypes. METHODS LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Gyp was administered at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg in pretreatment, with fluoxetine hydrochloride (Flu) as a positive control, for 10 consecutive days. RESULTS Gyp, especially at 100 mg/kg, significantly ameliorated LPS-induced anxiety and depression in mice, normalizing cytokine expression in the hippocampus and PFC, with IL-1β showing the most pronounced regulation (Hippocampus: RatioGyp-100/LPS = 30.73 %, PFC: RatioGyp-100/LPS = 55.89 %). Gyp also reversed LPS-induced neuronal loss and necrosis, reduced glial cell activation, and prevented the transition of microglia to the M1 phenotype. Mechanistically, Gyp suppressed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the PFC, and modulated hippocampal synaptic protein loss, thereby mediating neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS Gyp improved anxiety and depression in LPS-induced mice, which may be achieved by balancing systemic inflammatory levels, regulating glial cell activation and phenotypic polarization, regulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and suppressing the NLRP3/Caspase-1/ASC signaling pathway in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen-Jing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kexuan Chen
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiang-Lan Piao
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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4
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Wang D, Wang J, Yan D, Wang M, Yang L, Demin KA, de Abreu MS, Kalueff AV. Minocycline reduces neurobehavioral deficits evoked by chronic unpredictable stress in adult zebrafish. Brain Res 2024; 1845:149209. [PMID: 39233136 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress-related brain disorders are widespread and debilitating, and often cause lasting neurobehavioral deficits. Minocycline, a common antibiotic and an established inhibitor of microglia, emerges as potential treatment of these disorders. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an important emerging model organism in translational neuroscience and stress research. Here, we evaluated the potential of minocycline to correct microglia-mediated behavioral, genomic and neuroimmune responses induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in adult zebrafish. We demonstrated that CUS evoked overt behavioral deficits in the novel tank, light-dark box and shoaling tests, paralleled by elevated stress hormones (CRH, ACTH and cortisol), and upregulated brain expression of the 'neurotoxic M1' microglia-specific biomarker gene (MHC-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ). CUS also elevated peripheral (whole-body) pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IFN-γ) and lowered anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), as well as reduced whole-brain serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine levels, and increased brain dopamine and serotonin turnover. In contrast, minocycline attenuated most of these effects, also reducing CUS-elevated peripheral levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ. Collectively, this implicates microglia in zebrafish responses to chronic stress, and suggests glial pathways as potential evolutionarily conserved drug targets for treating stress-evoked neuropathogenesis. Our findings also support the growing translational value of zebrafish models for understanding complex molecular mechanisms of brain pathogenesis and its therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongni Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cell Signaling, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia; Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cell Signaling, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou, China; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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5
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Moreira ET, Lourenço MP, Cunha-Fernandes T, Silva TI, Siqueira LD, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Reis PA. Minocycline inhibits microglial activation in the CA1 hippocampal region and prevents long-term cognitive sequel after experimental cerebral malaria. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 397:578480. [PMID: 39504755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is the worst complication of malaria infection, has a high mortality rate, and may cause different neurodysfunctions, including cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation is an important cause of cognitive damage in neurodegenerative diseases, and microglial cells can be activated in a disease-associated profile leading to tissue damage and neuronal death. Here, we demonstrated that treatment with minocycline reduced blood-brain barrier breakdown and modulated ICAM1 mRNA expression; reduced proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6; and prevented long-term cognitive decline in contextual and aversive memory tasks. Taken together, our data suggest that microglial cells are activated during experimental cerebral malaria, leading to neuroinflammatory events that end up in cognitive damage. In addition, pharmacological modulation of microglial activation, by drugs such as minocycline may be an important therapeutic strategy in the prevention of long-term memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Moreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - M P Lourenço
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Cunha-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T I Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L D Siqueira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - H C Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P A Reis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Darwish R, Alcibahy Y, Bucheeri S, Albishtawi A, Tama M, Shetty J, Butler AE. The Role of Hypothalamic Microglia in the Onset of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Neuro-Immune Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13169. [PMID: 39684879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, microglial activation has been associated with diseases of a neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory nature. Some, like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy, have been explored extensively, while others pertaining to metabolism not so much. However, emerging evidence points to hypothalamic inflammation mediated by microglia as a driver of metabolic dysregulations, particularly insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we explore this connection further and examine pathways that underlie this relationship, including the IKKβ/NF-κβ, IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, mTOR-S6 Kinase, JAK/STAT, and PPAR-γ signaling pathways. We also investigate the role of non-coding RNAs, namely microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in insulin resistance related to neuroinflammation and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Finally, we explore therapeutics further, searching for both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that can help mitigate microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwan Darwish
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB), Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Yasmine Alcibahy
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB), Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Shahd Bucheeri
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB), Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Ashraf Albishtawi
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB), Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Maya Tama
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB), Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Jeevan Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB), Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB), Busaiteen 228, Bahrain
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7
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Varghese SM, Patel S, Nandan A, Jose A, Ghosh S, Sah RK, Menon B, K V A, Chakravarty S. Unraveling the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:10398-10447. [PMID: 38730081 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder characterized by persistent dysphoria, psychomotor retardation, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and a remarkable decrease in overall well-being. Despite the prevalence of accessible antidepressant therapies, many individuals do not achieve substantial improvement. Understanding the multifactorial pathophysiology and the heterogeneous nature of the disorder could lead the way toward better outcomes. Recent findings have elucidated the substantial impact of compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity on the manifestation of depression. BBB functions as an indispensable defense mechanism, tightly overseeing the transport of molecules from the periphery to preserve the integrity of the brain parenchyma. The dysfunction of the BBB has been implicated in a multitude of neurological disorders, and its disruption and consequent brain alterations could potentially serve as important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of depression. In this review, we extensively examine the pathophysiological relevance of the BBB and delve into the specific modifications of its components that underlie the complexities of depression. A particular focus has been placed on examining the effects of peripheral inflammation on the BBB in depression and elucidating the intricate interactions between the gut, BBB, and brain. Furthermore, this review encompasses significant updates on the assessment of BBB integrity and permeability, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic. Finally, we outline the therapeutic relevance and strategies based on BBB in depression, including COVID-19-associated BBB disruption and neuropsychiatric implications. Understanding the comprehensive pathogenic cascade of depression is crucial for shaping the trajectory of future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamili Mariya Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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8
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Li Q, Xie Y, Lin J, Li M, Gu Z, Xin T, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Guo Y, Xing Y, Wang W. Microglia Sing the Prelude of Neuroinflammation-Associated Depression. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04575-w. [PMID: 39535682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by sadness and anhedonia and is closely linked to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation, which is primarily induced by microglia. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which microglia elicit depressive symptoms remain uncertain. This review focuses on the mechanism linking microglia and depression encompassing the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the gut-brain axis, the vagus and sympathetic nervous systems, and the susceptibility influenced by epigenetic modifications on microglia. These pathways may lead to the alterations of microglia in cytokine levels, as well as increased oxidative stress. Simultaneously, many antidepressant treatments can alter the immune phenotype of microglia, while anti-inflammatory treatments can also have antidepressant effects. This framework linking microglia, neuroinflammation, and depression could serve as a reference for targeting microglia to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyan Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianli Xin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihui Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Xing
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Yuan NJ, Zhu WJ, Ma QY, Huang MY, Huo RR, She KJ, Pan JP, Wang JG, Chen JX. Luteolin ameliorates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice by promoting the Arginase-1 + microglial phenotype via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01402-9. [PMID: 39496862 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that neuroinflammation substantially contributes to the pathology of depression, a severe psychiatric disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Although modulating microglial phenotypes is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy, effective treatments are still lacking. Previous studies have shown that luteolin (LUT) has anti-inflammatory effects and confers benefits on chronic stress-induced depression. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which LUT regulates the functional phenotypes of microglia in mice with depressive-like behaviors. Mice were exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 7 weeks, and were administered LUT (10, 30, 40 mg· kg-1 ·day-1, i.g.) in the last 4 weeks. We showed that LUT administration significantly ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and decreased hippocampal inflammation. LUT administration induced pro-inflammatory microglia to undergo anti-inflammatory arginase (Arg)-1+ phenotypic polarization, which was associated with its antidepressant effects. Furthermore, we showed that LUT concentration-dependently increased the expression of PPARγ in LPS + ATP-treated microglia and the hippocampus of CRS-exposed mice, promoting the subsequent inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and microscale thermophoresis (MST) analysis confirmed a direct interaction between LUT and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). By using the PPARγ antagonist GW9662, we demonstrated that LUT-driven protection, both in vivo and in vitro, resulted from targeting PPARγ. First, LUT-induced Arg-1+ microglia were no longer detected when PPARγ was blocked. Next, LUT-mediated inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production were reversed by the inhibition of PPARγ. Finally, the protective effects of LUT, which attenuated the microglial engulfment of synapses and prevented apparent synapse loss in the hippocampus of CRS-exposed mice, were eliminated by blocking PPARγ. In conclusion, this study showed that LUT ameliorates CRS-induced depressive-like behaviors by promoting the Arg-1+ microglial phenotype through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism, thereby alleviating microglial pro-inflammatory responses and reversing microglial phagocytosis-mediated synapse loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jun Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, and Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Min-Yi Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rou-Rou Huo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kai-Jie She
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun-Ping Pan
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ji-Gang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, and Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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10
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Bano N, Khan S, Ahamad S, Kanshana JS, Dar NJ, Khan S, Nazir A, Bhat SA. Microglia and gut microbiota: A double-edged sword in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102515. [PMID: 39321881 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The strong association between gut microbiota (GM) and brain functions such as mood, behaviour, and cognition has been well documented. Gut-brain axis is a unique bidirectional communication system between the gut and brain, in which gut microbes play essential role in maintaining various molecular and cellular processes. GM interacts with the brain through various pathways and processes including, metabolites, vagus nerve, HPA axis, endocrine system, and immune system to maintain brain homeostasis. GM dysbiosis, or an imbalance in GM, is associated with several neurological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conversely, AD is sustained by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Further, GM and their products also affect microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Despite the evidence connecting GM dysbiosis and AD progression, the involvement of GM in modulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD remains elusive. Importantly, deciphering the mechanism/s by which GM regulates microglia-dependent neuroinflammation may be helpful in devising potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate AD. Herein, we review the current evidence regarding the involvement of GM dysbiosis in microglia activation and neuroinflammation in AD. We also discuss the possible mechanisms through which GM influences the functioning of microglia and its implications for therapeutic intervention. Further, we explore the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, etc., as a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate neuroinflammation and AD progression. By understanding and exploring the gut-brain axis, we aspire to revolutionize the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, many of which share a common theme of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Bano
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sameera Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Jitendra Singh Kanshana
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburg, PA, USA.
| | - Nawab John Dar
- CNB, SALK Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Sumbul Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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11
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González Ibáñez F, VanderZwaag J, Deslauriers J, Tremblay MÈ. Ultrastructural features of psychological stress resilience in the brain: a microglial perspective. Open Biol 2024; 14:240079. [PMID: 39561812 PMCID: PMC11576122 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is the major risk factor for major depressive disorder. Sustained stress causes changes in behaviour, brain connectivity and in its cells and organelles. Resilience to stress is understood as the ability to recover from stress in a positive way or the resistance to the negative effects of psychological stress. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, are known players of stress susceptibility, but less is known about their role in stress resilience and the cellular changes involved. Ultrastructural analysis has been a useful tool in the study of microglia and their function across contexts of health and disease. Despite increased access to electron microscopy, the interpretation of electron micrographs remains much less accessible. In this review, we will first present microglia and the concepts of psychological stress susceptibility and resilience. Afterwards, we will describe ultrastructural analysis, notably of microglia, as a readout to study the mechanisms underlying psychological stress resilience. Lastly, we will cover nutritional ketosis as a therapeutic intervention that was shown to be effective in promoting psychological stress resilience as well as modifying microglial function and ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Liu L, Li T, Chang J, Xia X, Ju J. Microglia inversely regulate the level of perineuronal nets with the treatment of lipopolysaccharide and valproic acid. Neurosci Lett 2024; 842:137992. [PMID: 39304021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix which mostly surround the inhibitory neurons. They are changed in several brain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanism of PNNs degradation is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of microglial cells in regulating PNNs levels. Specifically, 1 day or 3 days after a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.25 mg/kg) increased the density of microglia and further reduced the density of PNNs in both hippocampus CA1 and visual cortex. Minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia activation, took effect time-dependently. Minocycline for 7 days before a single LPS injection (0.25 mg/kg) inhibited microglia increase and PNNs loss, but minocycline for 3 days did not work. Finally, in a valproic acid (VPA)-treated autism mouse model, microglia were reduced while PNNs+ cells were increased in both hippocampus CA1 and visual cortex. In summary, the microglia are involved in the balanced level of PNNs, while in the autism model, the altered level of PNNs might be due to the microglia hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianxiang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinlong Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Xiaojiao Xia
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Ju
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Liu YE, Zhao Z, He H, Li L, Xiao C, Zhou T, You Z, Zhang J. Stress-induced obesity in mice causes cognitive decline associated with inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis and dysfunctional gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1381423. [PMID: 39539712 PMCID: PMC11557545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Effects of stress on obesity have been thoroughly studied in high-fat diet fed mice, but not in normal diet fed mice, which is important to clarify because even on a normal diet, some individuals will become obese under stress conditions. Here we compared mice that showed substantial weight gain or loss under chronic mild stress while on a normal diet; we compared the two groups in terms of cognitive function, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal signaling, neurogenesis and activation of microglia in hippocampus, gene expression and composition of the gut microbiome. Chronic mild stress induced diet-independent obesity in approximately 20% of animals, and it involved inflammatory responses in peripheral and central nervous system as well as hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal signaling and of microglia in the hippocampus, which were associated with cognitive deficits and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. It significantly increased in relative abundance at the phylum level (Firmicutes), at the family level (Prevotellaceae ucg - 001 and Lachnospiraceae NK4a136), at the genus level (Dubosiella and Turicibacter) for some enteric flora, while reducing the relative abundance at the family level (Lactobacillaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae), at the genus level (Bacteroidota, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Bifidobacterium and Desulfovibrio) for some enteric flora. These results suggest that stress, independently of diet, can induce obesity and cognitive decline that involve dysfunctional gut microbiota. These insights imply that mitigation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal signaling and microglial activation as well as remodeling of gut microbiota may reverse stress-induced obesity and associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-e Liu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhihuang Zhao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Haili He
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Liangyuan Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zili You
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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14
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Liu S, Yang N, Yan Y, Wang S, Chen J, Wang Y, Gan X, Zhou J, Xie G, Wang H, Huang T, Ji W, Wang Z, Si W. An accelerated Parkinson's disease monkey model using AAV-α-synuclein plus poly(ADP-ribose). CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100876. [PMID: 39413778 PMCID: PMC11573744 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, and the limited availability of suitable animal models hampers research on pathogenesis and drug development. We report the development of a cynomolgus monkey model of PD that combines adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein into the substantia nigra with an injection of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) into the striatum. Our results show that pathological processes were accelerated, including dopaminergic neuron degeneration, Lewy body aggregation, and hallmarks of inflammation in microglia and astrocytes. Behavioral phenotypes, dopamine transporter imaging, and transcriptomic profiling further demonstrate consistencies between the model and patients with PD. This model can help to determine the mechanisms underlying PD impacted by α-synuclein and PAR and aid in the accelerated development of therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Naixue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Jialing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xue Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Guoqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tianzhuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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15
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Zhong Z, Liu J, Luo Y, Wu M, Qiu F, Zhao H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Long H, Zhao L, Wang Y, Han Y, Meng P. Jujuboside A Regulates Calcium Homeostasis and Structural Plasticity to Alleviate Depression-Like Behavior via Shh Signaling in Immature Neurons. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:4565-4584. [PMID: 39416424 PMCID: PMC11482263 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s479055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depression, a leading cause of disability worldwide, is characterized by dysfunction of immature neurons, resulting in dysregulated calcium homeostasis and impaired structural plasticity. Jujuboside A (JuA), a biologically active compound derived from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, has demonstrated anti-anxiety and anti-insomnia properties. Recent studies suggest that JuA may be a promising antidepressant, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to induce a depression model. JuA (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) was administered orally for 4 weeks. Emotional and cognitive function were assessed. Monoamine neurotransmitter levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of immature neurons and calcium homeostasis were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling proteins. Additionally, lentiviral vector expressing Shh shRNA (LV-Shh-RNAi) were infused intracerebrally to investigate the role of Shh in JuA's antidepressant effects. Results JuA significantly ameliorated depressive-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction in CUMS rats, increased monoamine neurotransmitter levels in serum and hippocampal tissue, reduced the number of BrdU/DCX (bromodeoxyuridine/doublecortin)-positive immature neurons, and attenuated calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) levels in immature neurons. JuA also markedly elevated synaptic density and prominence complexity, upregulated Shh, Gli family zinc finger 1 and 2 (Gli1/2), synaptophysin (Syn) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) expression in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG). However, knockdown of Shh in the vDG counteracted JuA's therapeutic effects. Conclusion These findings collectively suggest that JuA improves depressive-like behavior in CUMS rats by modulating calcium homeostasis and synaptic structural plasticity in immature neurons through the Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhong
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Wu
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Office of Science & Technology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongping Long
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanshan Han
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Meng
- Science & Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Stone TW, Williams RO. Tryptophan metabolism as a 'reflex' feature of neuroimmune communication: Sensor and effector functions for the indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase kynurenine pathway. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3333-3357. [PMID: 38102897 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system were regarded as independent entities, it is now clear that immune system cells can influence the CNS, and neuroglial activity influences the immune system. Despite the many clinical implications for this 'neuroimmune interface', its detailed operation at the molecular level remains unclear. This narrative review focuses on the metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, since its products have critical actions in both the nervous and immune systems, placing it in a unique position to influence neuroimmune communication. In particular, since the kynurenine pathway is activated by pro-inflammatory mediators, it is proposed that physical and psychological stressors are the stimuli of an organismal protective reflex, with kynurenine metabolites as the effector arm co-ordinating protective neural and immune system responses. After a brief review of the neuroimmune interface, the general perception of tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is expanded to emphasize this environmentally driven perspective. The initial enzymes in the kynurenine pathway include indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), which is induced by tissue damage, inflammatory mediators or microbial products, and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which is induced by stress-induced glucocorticoids. In the immune system, kynurenic acid modulates leucocyte differentiation, inflammatory balance and immune tolerance by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and modulates pain via the GPR35 protein. In the CNS, quinolinic acid activates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-sensitive glutamate receptors, whereas kynurenic acid is an antagonist: the balance between glutamate, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid is a significant regulator of CNS function and plasticity. The concept of kynurenine and its metabolites as mediators of a reflex coordinated protection against stress helps to understand the variety and breadth of their activity. It should also help to understand the pathological origin of some psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases involving the immune system and CNS, facilitating the development of new pharmacological strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard O Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Sales ISL, de Souza AG, Chaves Filho AJM, Sampaio TL, da Silva DMA, Valentim JT, Chaves RDC, Soares MVR, Costa Júnior DC, Barbosa Filho JM, Macêdo DS, de Sousa FCF. Antidepressant-like effect of riparin I and riparin II against CUMS-induced neuroinflammation via astrocytes and microglia modulation in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:314-326. [PMID: 39094014 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common mood disorder and many patients do not respond to conventional pharmacotherapy or experience a variety of adverse effects. This work proposed that riparin I (RIP I) and riparin II (RIP II) present neuroprotective effects through modulation of astrocytes and microglia, resulting in the reversal of depressive-like behaviors. To verify our hypothesis and clarify the pathways underlying the effect of RIP I and RIP II on neuroinflammation, we used the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression model in mice. Male Swiss mice were exposed to stressors for 28 days. From 15 th to the 22 nd day, the animals received RIP I or RIP II (50 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (FLU, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle, by gavage. On the 29 th day, behavioral tests were performed. Expressions of microglia (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 - Iba-1) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein - GFAP) markers and levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were measured in the hippocampus. CUMS induced depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment, high TNF-α and IL-1β levels, decreased GFAP, and increased Iba-1 expressions. RIP I and RIP II reversed these alterations. These results contribute to the understanding the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of RIP I and RIP II, which may be related to neuroinflammatory suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iardja S L Sales
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
| | - Alana G de Souza
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
- Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH) - University Hospital, Federal University of Goias, Goiania
| | - Adriano J M Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
| | - Tiago L Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara
| | - Daniel M A da Silva
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
| | - José T Valentim
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
| | - Raquell de C Chaves
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
| | - Michelle V R Soares
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
| | - Dilailson C Costa Júnior
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
| | - José M Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macêdo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza
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18
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Alonso M, Petit AC, Lledo PM. The impact of adult neurogenesis on affective functions: of mice and men. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:2527-2542. [PMID: 38499657 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In most mammals, new neurons are not only produced during embryogenesis but also after birth. Soon after adult neurogenesis was discovered, the influence of recruiting new neurons on cognitive functions, especially on memory, was documented. Likewise, the late process of neuronal production also contributes to affective functions, but this outcome was recognized with more difficulty. This review covers hypes and hopes of discovering the influence of newly-generated neurons on brain circuits devoted to affective functions. If the possibility of integrating new neurons into the adult brain is a commonly accepted faculty in the realm of mammals, the reluctance is strong when it comes to translating this concept to humans. Compiling data suggest now that new neurons are derived not only from stem cells, but also from a population of neuroblasts displaying a protracted maturation and ready to be engaged in adult brain circuits, under specific signals. Here, we discuss the significance of recruiting new neurons in the adult brain circuits, specifically in the context of affective outcomes. We also discuss the fact that adult neurogenesis could be the ultimate cellular process that integrates elements from both the internal and external environment to adjust brain functions. While we must be critical and beware of the unreal promises that Science could generate sometimes, it is important to continue exploring the potential of neural recruitment in adult primates. Reporting adult neurogenesis in humankind contributes to a new vision of humans as mammals whose brain continues to develop throughout life. This peculiar faculty could one day become the target of treatment for mental health, cognitive disorders, and elderly-associated diseases. The vision of an adult brain which never stops integrating new neurons is a real game changer for designing new therapeutic interventions to treat mental disorders associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and social costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alonso
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Action Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Petit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Action Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Psychiatrie Paris 15, GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Action Unit, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Li T, Li Y, Chen J, Nan M, Zhou X, Yang L, Xu W, Zhang C, Kong L. Hyperibone J exerts antidepressant effects by targeting ADK to inhibit microglial P2X7R/TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00298-4. [PMID: 39019111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antidepressant properties of Hypericum species are known. Hyperibone J, a principal component found in the flowers of Hypericum bellum, exhibited in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. However, the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of Hyperibone J remain to be elucidated. Adenosine kinase (ADK) is upregulated in epilepsy and depression and has been implicated in promoting neuroinflammation. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the impact of Hyperibone J on neuroinflammation-mediated depression and the mechanism underlying this impact. METHODS This study employed acute and chronic in vivo depression models and an in vitro LPS-induced depression model using BV-2 microglia. The in vivo antidepressant efficacy of Hyperibone J was assessed through behavioral assays. Techniques such as RNA-seq, western blot, qPCR and ELISA were utilized to elucidate the direct target and mechanism of action of Hyperibone J. RESULTS Compared with the model group, depression-like behaviors were significantly alleviated in the Hyperibone J group. Furthermore, Hyperibone J mitigated hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. RNA-seq suggested that Hyperibone J predominantly influenced inflammation-related pathways. In vitro experiments revealed that Hyperibone J reversed the LPS-induced overexpression and release of inflammatory factors. Network pharmacology and various molecular biology experiments revealed that the potential binding of Hyperibone J at the ASN-312 site of ADK diminished the stability and protein expression of ADK. Mechanistic studies revealed that Hyperibone J attenuated the ADK/ATP/P2X7R/Caspase-1-mediated maturation and release of IL-1β. The study also revealed a significant correlation between Tlr4 expression and depression-like behaviors in mice. Hyperibone J downregulated ADK, inhibiting Tlr4 transcription, which in turn reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB and the subsequent transcription of Nlrp3, Il-1b, Tnf, and Il-6. CONCLUSION Hyperibone J exerted antineuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects by binding to ADK in microglia, reducing its expression and thereby inhibiting the ATP/P2X7R/Caspase-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. This study provides experimental evidence for the therapeutic potential of Hypericum bellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinhu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Miaomiao Nan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Shenzhen Research Institute, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Fitzgerald E, Pokhvisneva I, Patel S, Yu Chan S, Peng Tan A, Chen H, Pelufo Silveira P, Meaney MJ. Microglial function interacts with the environment to affect sex-specific depression risk. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:597-606. [PMID: 38670238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a two-fold higher incidence of depression in females compared to men with recent studies suggesting a role for microglia in conferring this sex-dependent depression risk. In this study we investigated the nature of this relation. Using GWAS enrichment, gene-set enrichment analysis and Mendelian randomization, we found minimal evidence for a direct relation between genes functionally related to microglia and sex-dependent genetic risk for depression. We then used expression quantitative trait loci and single nucleus RNA-sequencing resources to generate polygenic scores (PGS) representative of individual variation in microglial function in the adult (UK Biobank; N = 54753-72682) and fetal (ALSPAC; N = 1452) periods. The adult microglial PGS moderated the association between BMI (UK Biobank; beta = 0.001, 95 %CI 0.0009 to 0.003, P = 7.74E-6) and financial insecurity (UK Biobank; beta = 0.001, 95 %CI 0.005 to 0.015, P = 2E-4) with depressive symptoms in females. The fetal microglia PGS moderated the association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and offspring depressive symptoms at 24 years in females (ALSPAC; beta = 0.04, 95 %CI 0.004 to 0.07, P = 0.03). We found no evidence for an interaction between the microglial PGS and depression risk factors in males. Our results illustrate a role for microglial function in the conferral of sex-dependent depression risk following exposure to a depression risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Fitzgerald
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada.
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Sachin Patel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Shi Yu Chan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore; Brain - Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Brain - Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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21
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Rawls A, Nyugen D, Dziabis J, Anbarci D, Clark M, Dzirasa K, Bilbo SD. Microglial MyD88-dependent pathways are regulated in a sex-specific manner in the context of HMGB1-induced anxiety. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590482. [PMID: 38712142 PMCID: PMC11071353 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a significant risk factor for the development and recurrence of anxiety disorders. Chronic stress impacts the immune system, causing microglial functional alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is an established modulator of neuronal firing and a potent pro-inflammatory stimulus released from neuronal and non-neuronal cells following stress. HMGB1, in the context of stress, acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), instigating robust proinflammatory responses throughout the brain, so much so that localized drug delivery of HMGB1 alters behavior in the absence of any other forms of stress, i.e., social isolation, or behavioral stress models. Few studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms that underlie HMGB1-associated behavioral effects in a cell-specific manner. The aim of this study is to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying HMGB1-induced behavioral dysfunction with regard to cell-type specificity and potential sex differences. Here, we report that both male and female mice exhibited anxiety-like behavior following increased HMGB1 in the mPFC as well as changes in microglial morphology. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that HMGB1-induced anxiety may be mediated by distinct microglial MyD88-dependent mechanisms in females compared to males. This study supports the hypothesis that MyD88 signaling in microglia may be a crucial mediator of the stress response in adult female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Rawls
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dang Nyugen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julia Dziabis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dilara Anbarci
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Madeline Clark
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kafui Dzirasa
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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22
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He H, Zhang X, He H, Xiao C, Xu G, Li L, Liu YE, Yang C, Zhou T, You Z, Zhang J. Priming of hippocampal microglia by IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway impairs social memory in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112191. [PMID: 38759369 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Social behavior is inextricably linked to the immune system. Although IFN-γ is known to be involved in social behavior, yet whether and how it encodes social memory remains unclear. In the current study, we injected with IFN-γ into the lateral ventricle of male C57BL/6J mice, and three-chamber social test was used to examine the effects of IFN-γ on their social preference and social memory. The morphology of microglia in the hippocampus, prelimbic cortex and amygdala was examined using immunohistochemistry, and the phenotype of microglia were examined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The IFN-γ-injected mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide, and effects of IFN-γ on behavior and microglial responses were evaluated. STAT1 pathway and microglia-neuron interactions were examined in vivo or in vitro using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Finally, we use STAT1 inhibitor or minocycline to evaluated the role of STAT1 in mediating the microglial priming and effects of primed microglia in IFN-γ-induced social dysfunction. We demonstrated that 500 ng of IFN-γ injection results in significant decrease in social index and social novelty recognition index, and induces microglial priming in hippocampus, characterized by enlarged cell bodies, shortened branches, increased expression of CD68, CD86, CD74, CD11b, CD11c, CD47, IL-33, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS, and decreased expression of MCR1, Arg-1, IGF-1 and BDNF. This microglia subpopulation is more sensitive to LPS challenge, which characterized by more significant morphological changes and inflammatory responses, as well as induced increased sickness behaviors in mice. IFN-γ upregulated pSTAT1 and STAT1 and promoted the nuclear translocation of STAT1 in the hippocampal microglia and in the primary microglia. Giving minocycline or STAT1 inhibitor fludarabin blocked the priming of hippocampal microglia induced by IFN-γ, ameliorated the dysfunction in hippocampal microglia-neuron interactions and synapse pruning by microglia, thereby improving social memory deficits in IFN-γ injected mice. IFN-γ initiates STAT1 pathway to induce priming of hippocampal microglia, thereby disrupts hippocampal microglia-neuron interactions and neural circuit link to social memory. Blocking STAT1 pathway or inhibiting microglial priming may be strategies to reduce the effects of IFN-γ on social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili He
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hui He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gaojie Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Liangyuan Li
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-E Liu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengyan Yang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zili You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Liu L, Wu L, Wang Y, Sun Z, Shuang R, Shi Z, Dong Y. Monomeric pilose antler peptide improves depression-like behavior in mice by inhibiting FGFR3 protein expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117973. [PMID: 38403002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE It has been found that pilose antler peptide has an antidepressant effect on depression. However, the exact molecular mechanism of its antidepressant effect is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The study sought to determine the impact of monomeric pilose antler peptide (PAP; sequence LVLVEAELRE) on depression as well as investigate potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chronic unexpected mild stress (CUMS) was used to establish the model, and the effect of PAP on CUMS mice was detected by the behavioral test. The influence of PAP on neuronal cells and dendritic spine density was observed by immunofluorescence and Golgi staining. FGFR3 and the CaMKII-associated pathway were identified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis was utilized to measure their proteins and gene expression levels. Molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis were applied to detect the binding of PAP and FGFR3. Finally, the effect of FGFR3's overexpression on PAP treatment of depression was detected. RESULTS PAP alleviated the changes in depressive behavior induced by CUMS, promoted the growth of nerve cells, and the density of dendritic spines was increased to its original state. PAP therapy successfully downregulated the expression of FGFR3 and ERK1/2 while upregulating the expression of CREB, BDNF, and CaMKII. CONCLUSION Based on the current research, PAP has a therapeutic effect on depression brought on by CUMS by inhibiting FGFR3 expression and enhancing synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research of Anti-inflammatory Ingredients in Chinese Medicine, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lili Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- GuangzhouUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhongwen Sun
- College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Ruonan Shuang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yu Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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24
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Haniff ZR, Bocharova M, Mantingh T, Rucker JJ, Velayudhan L, Taylor DM, Young AH, Aarsland D, Vernon AC, Thuret S. Psilocybin for dementia prevention? The potential role of psilocybin to alter mechanisms associated with major depression and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108641. [PMID: 38583670 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Major depression is an established risk factor for subsequent dementia, and depression in late life may also represent a prodromal state of dementia. Considering current challenges in the clinical development of disease modifying therapies for dementia, the focus of research is shifting towards prevention and modification of risk factors to alter the neurodegenerative disease trajectory. Understanding mechanistic commonalities underlying affective symptoms and cognitive decline may reveal biomarkers to aid early identification of those at risk of progressing to dementia during the preclinical phase of disease, thus allowing for timely intervention. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a phenomenon that describes the birth of new neurons in the dentate gyrus throughout life and it is associated with spatial learning, memory and mood regulation. Microglia are innate immune system macrophages in the central nervous system that carefully regulate AHN via multiple mechanisms. Disruption in AHN is associated with both dementia and major depression and microgliosis is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that psychedelics promote neuroplasticity, including neurogenesis, and may also be immunomodulatory. In this context, psilocybin, a serotonergic agonist with rapid-acting antidepressant properties has the potential to ameliorate intersecting pathophysiological processes relevant for both major depression and neurodegenerative diseases. In this narrative review, we focus on the evidence base for the effects of psilocybin on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and microglial form and function; which may suggest that psilocybin has the potential to modulate multiple mechanisms of action, and may have implications in altering the progression from major depression to dementia in those at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarah R Haniff
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mariia Bocharova
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Division of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Mantingh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - James J Rucker
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Division of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Taylor
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Division of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Division of Neuroscience of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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25
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Iovino L, VanderZwaag J, Kaur G, Khakpour M, Giusti V, Donadon M, Chiavegato A, Tenorio-Lopes L, Greggio E, Tremblay ME, Civiero L. Investigation of microglial diversity in a LRRK2 G2019S mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106481. [PMID: 38527708 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia contribute to the outcomes of various pathological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia are heterogenous, with a variety of states recently identified in aging and neurodegenerative disease models. Here, we delved into the diversity of microglia in a preclinical PD model featuring the G2019S mutation in LRRK2, a known pathological mutation associated with PD. Specifically, we investigated the 'dark microglia' (DM) and the 'disease-associated microglia' (DAM) which present a selective enrichment of CLEC7A expression. In the dorsal striatum - a region affected by PD pathology - extensive ultrastructural features of cellular stress as well as reduced direct cellular contacts, were observed for microglia from old LRRK2 G2019S mice versus controls. In addition, DM were more prevalent while CLEC7A-positive microglia had extensive phagocytic ultrastructural characteristics in the LRRK2 G2019S mice. Furthermore, our findings revealed a higher proportion of DM in LRRK2 G2019S mice, and an increased number of CLEC7A-positive cells with age, exacerbated by the pathological mutation. These CLEC7A-positive cells exhibited a selective enrichment of ameboid morphology and tended to cluster in the affected animals. In summary, we provide novel insights into the occurrence and features of recently defined microglial states, CLEC7A-positive cells and DM, in the context of LRRK2 G2019S PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iovino
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy; Stella Maris Foundation, IRCCS, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - J VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - G Kaur
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy
| | - M Khakpour
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - V Giusti
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; San Camillo Hospital srl Società unipersonale, IRCCS, Venice, Italy
| | - M Donadon
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy
| | - A Chiavegato
- National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, Padova, Italy; Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova, Italy
| | - L Tenorio-Lopes
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - E Greggio
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Padova, Italy
| | - M E Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - L Civiero
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; San Camillo Hospital srl Società unipersonale, IRCCS, Venice, Italy.
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26
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Xiao Y, Chen Y, Huang S, He H, Hu N, Lin S, You Z. The reduction of microglial efferocytosis is concomitant with depressive-like behavior in CUMS-treated mice. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:76-86. [PMID: 38360363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial efferocytosis plays a crucial role in facilitating and sustaining homeostasis in the central nervous system, and it is involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. How microglial efferocytosis is affected under the condition of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains elusive. In this study, we hypothesized that microglial efferocytosis in the hippocampus is impaired in the chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) model of MDD, which is involved in the development of MDD. METHOD Depressive-like behavior in adult male mice was induced by CUMS and confirmed by behavioral tests. Microglial efferocytosis was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining of hippocampal slices and primary microglia co-cultured with apoptotic cells. The protein and mRNA levels of phagocytosis-related molecules and inflammation-related cytokines were detected using western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. Annexin V was injected to mimic impairment of microglial efferocytosis. TREM2-siRNA was further used on primary microglia to examine efferocytosis-related signaling pathways. RESULTS Microglia were activated and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was increased in CUMS mice, while microglial efferocytosis and efferocytosis-related molecules were decreased. Inhibition of the TREM2/Rac1 pathway impaired microglial efferocytosis. Annexin V injection inhibited microglial efferocytosis, increased inflammation in the hippocampus and depressive-like behavior. LIMITATIONS The potential antidepressant effect of the upregulation of the TREM2/Rac1 pathway was not evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of microglial efferocytosis is involved in the development of depressive-like behavior, with downregulation of the TREM2/Rac1 pathway and increased inflammation. These results may increase our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with MDD and provide novel targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hui He
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Nan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Shanyu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zili You
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
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Takahashi K, Tsuji M, Nakagawasai O, Katsuyama S, Miyagawa K, Kurokawa K, Mochida-Saito A, Takeda H, Tadano T. Polarization to M1-type microglia in the hippocampus is involved in depression-like behavior in a mouse model of olfactory dysfunction. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105723. [PMID: 38490486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Impaired olfactory function may be associated with the development of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety; however, knowledge on the mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders is incomplete. A reversible model of olfactory dysfunction, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) nasal-treated mice, exhibit depression-like behavior accompanying olfactory dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated olfactory function and depression-like behaviors in ZnSO4-treated mice using the buried food finding test and tail suspension test, respectively; investigated the changes in the hippocampal microglial activity and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by immunohistochemistry; and evaluated the inflammation and microglial polarity related-proteins in the hippocampus using western blot study. On day 14 after treatment, ZnSO4-treated mice showed depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test and recovery of the olfactory function in the buried food finding test. In the hippocampus of ZnSO4-treated mice, expression levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), cluster of differentiation 40, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, cleaved caspase-3, as well as the number of Iba1-positive cells and cell body size increased, and arginase-1 expression and neurogenesis decreased. Except for the increased IL-6, these changes were prevented by a microglia activation inhibitor, minocycline. The findings suggest that neuroinflammation due to polarization of M1-type hippocampal microglia is involved in depression accompanied with olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nakagawasai
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Soh Katsuyama
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Kitaadachigun, Inamachi, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurokawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Atsumi Mochida-Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tadano
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan; Department of Environment and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
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Rojas-Colón LA, Redell JB, Dash PK, Vegas PE, Vélez-Torres W. 4R-cembranoid suppresses glial cells inflammatory phenotypes and prevents hippocampal neuronal loss in LPS-treated mice. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25336. [PMID: 38656664 PMCID: PMC11073245 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. A key feature of neuroinflammation is neuronal loss and glial activation, including microglia and astrocytes. 4R-cembranoid (4R) is a natural compound that inhibits hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases memory function in mice. We used the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection model to study the effect of 4R on neuronal density and microglia and astrocyte activation. C57BL/6J wild-type mice were injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) and 2 h later received either 4R (6 mg/kg) or vehicle. Mice were sacrificed after 72 h for analysis of brain pathology. Confocal images of brain sections immunostained for microglial, astrocyte, and neuronal markers were used to quantify cellular hippocampal phenotypes and neurons. Hippocampal lysates were used to measure the expression levels of neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), inducible nitrous oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase-1, thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and orosomucoid-2 (ORM2) by western blot. iNOS and arginase-1 are widely used protein markers of pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia, respectively. GDNF promotes neuronal survival, and ORM2 and THBS1 are astrocytic proteins that regulate synaptic plasticity and inhibit microglial activation. 4R administration significantly reduced neuronal loss and the number of pro-inflammatory microglia 72 h after LPS injection. It also decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory protein iNOS while increasing arginase-1 expression, supporting its anti-inflammatory role. The protein expression of THBS1, GDNF, and ORM2 was increased by 4R. Our data show that 4R preserves the integrity of hippocampal neurons against LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Rojas-Colón
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pedro E Vegas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Wanda Vélez-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
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Takahashi K, Kurokawa K, Hong L, Miyagawa K, Mochida-Saito A, Takeda H, Tsuji M. Hippocampal and gut AMPK activation attenuates enterocolitis-like symptoms and co-occurring depressive-like behavior in ulcerative colitis model mice: Involvement of brain-gut autophagy. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114671. [PMID: 38160982 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, have a high incidence of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice, a model of UC, exhibit depressive-like behavior and reduced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, which regulates various physiological functions in the brain and gut. However, comprehensive studies on UC pathophysiology with co-occurring depression focused on brain-gut AMPK activity are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether resveratrol (RES), an AMPK activator, prevented DSS-induced UC-like symptoms and depressive-like behavior. DSS treatment induced UC-like pathology and depressive-like behavior, as assessed via the tail suspension test. Moreover, western blotting and immunohistochemical studies revealed that DSS increased p-p70S6 kinase (Thr389), p62, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1, cleaved Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels in the rectum and hippocampus, and increased CD40, iNOS, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression levels, and the number of Iba1-positive cells in the hippocampus, and decreased p-AMPK and LC3II/I expression levels, and the number of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-positive cells, and reduced neurogenesis in the hippocampus. These changes were reversed by the RES administration. RES also enhanced PGC1α and SOD1 expression in the hippocampus of DSS-treated male mice. Moreover, NLRP3 staining was observed in the neurons and microglia, and cleaved GSDMD staining in neurons in the hippocampus of DSS-treated mice. Notably, RES prevented UC-like pathology and depressive-like behavior and enhancement of autophagy, decreased rectal and hippocampal inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome, and induced the Nrf2-PGC1α-SOD1 pathway in the hippocampus, resulting in neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Our findings suggest that brain-gut AMPK activation may be an important therapeutic strategy in patients with UC and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurokawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Lihua Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Atsumi Mochida-Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.
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Ni RJ, Wang YY, Pu WJ, Wei YY, Wei JX, Zhao LS, Ma XH. Differential effects of sleep deprivation on behavior and microglia in a brain-region-specific manner in young and aged male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:12-19. [PMID: 38157946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells in the central nervous system, constantly monitor the state of the surrounding brain activity. The animal model induced by sleep deprivation (SD) is widely used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of insomnia and bipolar disorder. However, it remains unclear whether SD affects behaviors in young and aged male mice and microglia in various brain regions. In this study, we confirmed brain region-specific changes in microglial density and morphology in the accumbens nucleus (Acb), amygdala (AMY), cerebellum (Cb), corpus callosum (cc), caudate putamen, hippocampus (HIP), hypothalamus (HYP), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and thalamus (TH) of young mice. In addition, the density of microglia in old mice was higher than that in young mice. Compared with young mice, old mice showed a markedly increased microglial size, decreased total length of microglial processes, and decreased maximum length. Importantly, we found that 48-h SD decreased microglial density and morphology in old mice, whereas SD increased microglial density and morphology in most observed brain regions in young mice. SD-induced hyperactivity was observed only in young mice but not in old mice. Moreover, microglial density (HIP, AMY, mPFC, CPu) was significantly positively correlated with behaviors in SD- and vehicle-treated young mice. Contrarily, negative correlations were shown between the microglial density (cc, Cb, TH, HYP, Acb, AMY) and behaviors in vehicle-treated young and old mice. These results suggest that SD dysregulates the homeostatic state of microglia in a region- and age-dependent manner. Microglia may be involved in regulating age-related behavioral responses to SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jun Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China.
| | - Yi-Yan Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China
| | - Wen-Jun Pu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China
| | - Jin-Xue Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China.
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31
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Anmella G, Meehan A, Ashton M, Mohebbi M, Fico G, Ng CH, Maes M, Berk L, Prisco MD, Singh AB, Malhi GS, Berk M, Dodd S, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Grande I, Pacchiarotti I, Murru A, Vieta E, Dean OM. Exploring Clinical Subgroups of Participants with Major Depressive Disorder that may Benefit from Adjunctive Minocycline Treatment. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 22:33-44. [PMID: 38247410 PMCID: PMC10811397 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective : To explore illness-related factors in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) recipients of adjunctive minocycline (200 mg/day) treatment. The analysis included participants experiencing MDD from a 12-week, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (RCT). Methods : This is a sub-analysis of a RCT of all 71 participants who took part in the trial. The impact of illness chronicity (illness duration and number of depressive episodes), systemic illness (endocrine, cardiovascular and obesity), adverse effects and minocycline were evaluated as change from baseline to endpoint (12-week) using ANCOVA. Results : There was a consistent but statistically non-significant trend on all outcomes in favour of the use of adjunctive minocycline for participants without systemic illness, less illness chronicity, and fewer adverse effects. Conclusion : Understanding the relationship between MDD and illness chronicity, comorbid systemic illness, and adverse effects, can potentially better characterise those individuals who are more likely to respond to adjunctive anti-inflammatory medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Anmella
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alcy Meehan
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Ashton
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Deakin University, Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chee H. Ng
- The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lesley Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ajeet B. Singh
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gin S. Malhi
- Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria Grande
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Murru
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia M. Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Bobotis BC, Halvorson T, Carrier M, Tremblay MÈ. Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1317125. [PMID: 38425429 PMCID: PMC10902073 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1317125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is an essential hub for neuronal communication. As a major component of the CNS, glial cells are vital in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Research on microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, has advanced considerably in recent years, and our understanding of their diverse functions continues to grow. Microglia play critical roles in the formation and regulation of neuronal synapses, myelination, responses to injury, neurogenesis, inflammation, and many other physiological processes. In parallel with advances in microglial biology, cutting-edge techniques for the characterization of microglial properties have emerged with increasing depth and precision. Labeling tools and reporter models are important for the study of microglial morphology, ultrastructure, and dynamics, but also for microglial isolation, which is required to glean key phenotypic information through single-cell transcriptomics and other emerging approaches. Strategies for selective microglial depletion and modulation can provide novel insights into microglia-targeted treatment strategies in models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, cancer, and autoimmunity. Finally, fate mapping has emerged as an important tool to answer fundamental questions about microglial biology, including their origin, migration, and proliferation throughout the lifetime of an organism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of these established and emerging techniques, with applications to the study of microglia in development, homeostasis, and CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Caroline Bobotis
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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Li M, Hu B, Wu Z, Wang Z, Weng J, Zheng H, Sun L. Sporopollenin exine capsules modulate the function of microglial cells. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:710-724. [PMID: 38099812 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells are the housekeepers of the human body. They protect the body from pathogens, cellular damage, and foreign matter. Proper activation of immune cells is of great significance to diseases such as infection, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, excessive activation of cells can be detrimental. An ideal biomaterial could enhance the cellular immune function without proinflammation. In this work, we used sporopollenin exine capsules (SEC) from pollen to promote functions of primary microglia, a typical resident immune cell of the brain. We found that microglia aggregated around SEC and did not undergo any proinflammation. SEC improved the viability, migration, phagocytosis, and anti-inflammatory ability of microglia. By exploring the underlying mechanism of microglial activation without the production of cytotoxic pro-inflammatory cytokines, we found that SEC protects microglia against inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an immunostimulatory factor, through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in a myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent manner. These findings might shed light on the potential application of SEC in microglia transplantation for treatment of microglia-associated degenerative central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Banglian Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Zhaojie Wu
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Jian Weng
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Liping Sun
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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Xu C, Ye J, Sun Y, Sun X, Liu JG. The Antidepressant Effect of Magnolol on Depression-Like Behavior of CORT-Treated Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:3. [PMID: 38183534 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although the antidepressant-like effect of magnolol has been revealed in previous reports, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the antidepressant-like effect of magnolol on corticosterone-induced (CORT-induced) mice was investigated in vivo. After 21 days of CORT induction, the mice showed marked depressive-like behaviors, with a decrease in sucrose preference score and an increase in immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Pretreatment with either magnolol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist nor-BNI (10 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented CORT-induced depression-like behavior and reduced CORT-induced dynorphin (DYN A) elevation in the hippocampal ventral DG. However, no depression-like behavior was observed in mice with KOR downregulation in the ventral DG. We further found that upregulation of DYN A in the DG caused depression-like behavior, which was blocked by intraperitoneal injection of nor-BNI and modulated by magnolol. The present study demonstrated that magnolol could ameliorate CORT-induced depression-like behaviors, by modulating the DYN A/KOR system in the ventral DG of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.260 Baichuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.260 Baichuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.260 Baichuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiujian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.260 Baichuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Gen Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.260 Baichuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Road Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Traetta ME, Chaves Filho AM, Akinluyi ET, Tremblay MÈ. Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:457-495. [PMID: 39207708 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This chapter will focus on microglial involvement in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). We will describe the neuroimmune risk factors that contribute to the etiopathology of these disorders across the lifespan, including both in early life and adulthood. Microglia, being the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, could play a key role in triggering and determining the outcome of these disorders. This chapter will review preclinical and clinical findings where microglial morphology and function were examined in the contexts of ASD, schizophrenia and MDD. Clinical evidence points out to altered microglial morphology and reactivity, as well as increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the idea that microglial abnormalities are involved in these disorders. Indeed, animal models for these disorders found altered microglial morphology and homeostatic functions which resulted in behaviours related to these disorders. Additionally, as microglia have emerged as promising therapeutic targets, we will also address in this chapter therapies involving microglial mechanisms for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Center de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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He H, He H, Mo L, You Z, Zhang J. Priming of microglia with dysfunctional gut microbiota impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and fosters stress vulnerability of mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:280-294. [PMID: 37914097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders may be involved in neuroinflammatory processes that are triggered by gut microbiota. How gut microbiota influence microglia-mediated sensitivity to stress remains unclear. Here we explored in an animal model of depression whether disruption of the gut microbiome primes hippocampal microglia, thereby impairing neurogenesis and sensitizing to stress. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks, and effects on gut microbiota were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Fecal microbiota was transplanted from control or CUMS mice into naïve animals. The depression-like behaviors of recipients were evaluated in a forced swimming test and sucrose preference test. The morphology and phenotype of microglia in the hippocampus of recipients were examined using immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The recipients were treated with lipopolysaccharide or chronic stress exposure, and effects were evaluated on behavior, microglial responses and hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, we explored the ability of minocycline to reverse the effects of CUMS on hippocampal neurogenesis and stress sensitivity in recipients. RESULTS CUMS altered the gut microbiome, leading to higher relative abundance of some bacteria (Helicobacter, Bacteroides, and Desulfovibrio) and lower relative abundance of some bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia). Fecal microbiota transplantation from CUMS mice to naïve animals induced microglial priming in the dentate gyrus of recipients. This microglia showed hyper-ramified morphology, and became more sensitive to LPS challenge or chronic stress, which characterized by more significant morphological changes and inflammatory responses, as well as impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and increased depressive-like behaviors. Giving minocycline to recipients reversed these effects of fecal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that gut microbiota from stressed animals can induce microglial priming in the dentate gyrus, which is associated with a hyper-immune response to stress and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. Remodeling the gut microbiome or inhibiting microglial priming may be strategies to reduce sensitivity to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haili He
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zili You
- Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Ma S, Zhou L, Ma Y, Zhao H, Li L, Wang M, Diao H, Li X, Zhang C, Liu W. Hemicyanine-based sensor for mitochondrial viscosity imaging in BV2 cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123132. [PMID: 37478757 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial viscosity is a critical factor affecting numerous physiological processes, including phagocytosis. Abnormal viscosity in mitochondria is related to some pathological activities and diseases. Evaluating and detecting the changes in mitochondrial viscosity in vivo is crucial. Thus, a mitochondria-targeted red-emitting fluorescent probe (VP) was prepared, and can be used to detect viscosity with high selectivity and sensitivity. The synthesis of probe VP was as simple as two steps and the cost was low. In addition, the fluorescence intensity (log I615) exhibited an excellent relationship with viscosity (log η) in the range of 0.5 - 2.5 (R2 = 0.9985) in water/glycerol mixture. It is noteworthy that the probe VP displayed the highest signal-to-noise ratio (about 50-fold) for viscosity in water and glycerol system. The probe VP can visualize the mitochondrial viscosity change in living cells. More importantly, phagocytic test for BV2 cells further demonstrated that phagocytosis decreased with increased viscosity. Furthermore, VP was successfully used for monitoring the mitophagy process induced by starvation, and mitochondrial viscosity exhibited enhancement during mitophagy. The probe was a potential tool for studying viscosity and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Ma
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Liang Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Yingyu Ma
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Leyan Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Haipeng Diao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Xiaowan Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
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Bowen ER, DiGiacomo P, Fraser HP, Guttenplan K, Smith BAH, Heberling ML, Vidano L, Shah N, Shamloo M, Wilson JL, Grimes KV. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonism alters astrocyte phagocytic activity and has potential applications to psychiatric disease. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:27. [PMID: 38036718 PMCID: PMC10689618 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating condition necessitating more efficacious therapies. Previous studies suggested that schizophrenia development is associated with aberrant synaptic pruning by glial cells. We pursued an interdisciplinary approach to understand whether therapeutic reduction in glial cell-specifically astrocytic-phagocytosis might benefit neuropsychiatric patients. We discovered that beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) agonists reduced phagocytosis using a high-throughput, phenotypic screen of over 3200 compounds in primary human fetal astrocytes. We used protein interaction pathways analysis to associate ADRB2, to schizophrenia and endocytosis. We demonstrated that patients with a pediatric exposure to salmeterol, an ADRB2 agonist, had reduced in-patient psychiatry visits using a novel observational study in the electronic health record. We used a mouse model of inflammatory neurodegenerative disease and measured changes in proteins associated with endocytosis and vesicle-mediated transport after ADRB2 agonism. These results provide substantial rationale for clinical consideration of ADRB2 agonists as possible therapies for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R Bowen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Phillip DiGiacomo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah P Fraser
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Guttenplan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin A H Smith
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene L Heberling
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Vidano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nigam Shah
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin V Grimes
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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He C, Yu W, Yang M, Li Z, Yu J, Zhong D, Deng S, Song Z, Cheng S. Qi Fu Yin ameliorates neuroinflammation through inhibiting RAGE and TLR4/NF-κB pathway in AD model rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13239-13264. [PMID: 38006400 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Qi Fu Yin (QFY) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) both computationally and experimentally. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were conducted to identify potential targets and signaling pathways involved in QFY treating AD. Streptozotocin-induced AD rat model was used to verify important targets and predicted pathways. The components of QFY were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the potential targets of QFY are highly enriched for anti-inflammatory pathways. Molecular docking analysis revealed stable structures formed between QFY's active compounds, including stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and isorhamnetin, and the identified targets. In vivo, QFY improved cognitive memory in AD rats and reduced the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGER), and the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the brains of AD rats. Furthermore, QFY effectively reduced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibited NF-κB and microglia activation. In conclusion, QFY can ameliorate neuroinflammation in AD model rats, partly via the inhibition of TLR4 and RAGE/NF-κB pathway and microglia activation, thereby enhancing learning and memory in AD model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jingping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
| | - Dayuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Sisi Deng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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Zeng JW, Zhao JL, Han ZJ, Duan YJ, Lin L. Narrative Review: Pathogenesis of the Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Flora in Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2469-2483. [PMID: 38029049 PMCID: PMC10658945 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s430444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, as a common mental illness that is often accompanied by suicidal and homicidal behaviors, is one of the most important diseases in the medical field that requires urgent attention. The pathogenesis of depression is complex, and the current therapeutic drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and secondary serotonin reuptake inhibitors have certain shortcomings. The inflammatory factor hypothesis, one of the pathogenesis of depression, suggests that inflammatory response is a key factor leading to the occurrence and development of depression, and that overactivation of inflammatory factors such as NLRP3, Toll-like receptor 4, and IDO leads to immune-system dysfunction and depression. The other pathogenic hypothesis, the gut flora hypothesis, has also been the focus of recent research. The gut flora may work together with inflammatory factors to cause depression. The approach to treating depression has been by altering the gut flora through drugs or probiotics. However, effective and clear treatment methods are lacking. In this study, by exploring the involvement of intestinal flora and inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of depression, we found that improving the intestinal flora can affect inflammatory factors and, therefore, provide research ideas for the development of novel drugs to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Zeng
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anatomy Teaching and Research, College of Basic Medical sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan-Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jie Han
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Duan
- Department of Anatomy Teaching and Research, College of Basic Medical sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People’s Republic of China
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Shamim MA, Manna S, Dwivedi P, Swami MK, Sahoo S, Shukla R, Srivastav S, Thaper K, Saravanan A, Anil A, Varthya SB, Singh S, Shamim MA, Satapathy P, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Padhi BK, Sah R. Minocycline in depression not responding to first-line therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35937. [PMID: 37960804 PMCID: PMC10637431 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is often resistant to first-line treatment, with around 30% failing to respond to traditional therapy. Treatment-resistant depression results in prolonged hospitalization and healthcare costs. Anti-inflammatory drugs have shown promising results in depression not responding to initial therapy. Minocycline has anti-inflammatory properties and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It has demonstrated varied results in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We assessed the efficacy of minocycline compared to placebo in depression not responding to one first-line antidepressant via a systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus for RCTs. We visualized the results using forest plots and drapery plots. We assessed and explored heterogeneity using I2, prediction interval, and meta-regression. Then, we rated the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS Four RCTs revealed a non-significant difference in depression severity [-3.93; 95% CI: -16.14 to 8.28], rate of response [1.15; 0.33-4.01], and rate of remission [0.94; 0.44-2.01]. However, the reduction in depression severity is significant at a trend of P < .1. The high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 78%) for depression severity could be answered by meta-regression (P = .02) for the duration of therapy. CONCLUSION There is no significant difference with minocycline compared to placebo for depression not responding to first-line antidepressant therapy. However, the treatment response varies with treatment duration and patients' neuroinflammatory state. Thus, larger and longer RCTs, especially in diverse disease subgroups, are needed for further insight. This is needed to allow greater precision medicine in depression and avoid elevated healthcare expenditure associated with hit-and-trial regimens. REGISTRATION CRD42023398476 (PROSPERO).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pradeep Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
- Centre of Excellence for Tribal Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Swami
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Swapnajeet Sahoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravindra Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shival Srivastav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Kashish Thaper
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Aswini Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Abhishek Anil
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shoban Babu Varthya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Muhammad Aasim Shamim
- Department of Hospital Administration, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakisini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Soosanna Kumary Chattu
- Center for Evidence-Based Research, Global Health Research and Innovations Canada Inc. (GHRIC), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- ReSTORE Lab, Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technological Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Bijaya K. Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Zhan Q, Kong F. Mechanisms associated with post-stroke depression and pharmacologic therapy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1274709. [PMID: 38020612 PMCID: PMC10651767 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1274709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases, which is the cause of long-term mental illness and physical disability, Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common neuropsychiatric complication after stroke, and its mechanisms are characterized by complexity, plurality, and diversity, which seriously affects the quality of survival and prognosis of patients. Studies have focused on and recognized neurotransmitter-based mechanisms and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be used to treat PSD. Neuroinflammation, neuroendocrinology, neurotrophic factors, and the site of the stroke lesion may affect neurotransmitters. Thus the mechanisms of PSD have been increasingly studied. Pharmacological treatment mainly includes SSRIs, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin D, ect, which have been confirmed to have better efficacy by clinical studies. Currently, there is an increasing number of studies related to the mechanisms of PSD. However, the mechanisms and pharmacologic treatment of PSD is still unclear. In the future, in-depth research on the mechanisms and treatment of PSD is needed to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of clinical PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fanyi Kong
- Neurosurgery, Affiliated First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Nagata W, Gotoh M, Koizumi A, Fukasawa K, Nakagawa K, Satoh Y, Ishizuka T. Two-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid treatment promotes phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 microglia and prevents behavioral abnormalities in a mouse model of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Cell 2023; 36:2006-2015. [PMID: 37540445 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with the production of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies and other antibodies that predominantly affects women with a wide range of lesions. Although neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms related to cerebrovascular diseases or depression, ranks high in severity, no specific treatment has been defined. Two-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), a derivative of cyclic phosphatidic acid, was isolated from the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum in 1992. 2ccPA treatment suppresses neuroinflammation and promotes tissue repair in mouse multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury models. In this study, we performed behavioral tests on MRL/lpr mice as an NPSLE model. MRL/lpr mice showed increased depression-like behaviors compared with control mice, which were significantly suppressed by 2ccPA treatment. The expression of CD68, an M1 phenotypic marker of microglia, was significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MRL/lpr mice, which was significantly suppressed by 2ccPA treatment. In contrast, the expression of Arginase1, an M2 phenotypic marker of microglia, was significantly increased by 2ccPA treatment. Compared to control mice, MRL/lpr mice showed higher plasma levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, which are mainly involved in SLE pathogenesis. 2ccPA treatment decreased these levels in the MRL/lpr mice. These results suggest that 2ccPA treatment suppresses behavioral abnormalities by promoting a microglial phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nagata
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Koizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Keiko Fukasawa
- Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan.
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Zheng H, Zhang C, Zhang J, Duan L. "Sentinel or accomplice": gut microbiota and microglia crosstalk in disorders of gut-brain interaction. Protein Cell 2023; 14:726-742. [PMID: 37074139 PMCID: PMC10599645 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role. Microglia are the "sentinels" of the central nervous system (CNS), which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury, resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis, and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases. With in-depth research on DGBI, we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI, especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This bidirectional regulation of microbiota and microglia provides a new direction for the treatment of DGBI. In this review, we focus on the role and underlying mechanism of the interaction between gut microbiota and microglia in DGBI, especially IBS, and the corresponding clinical application prospects and highlight its potential to treat DGBI in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liping Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Beijing 100191, China
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Fang S, Wu Z, Guo Y, Zhu W, Wan C, Yuan N, Chen J, Hao W, Mo X, Guo X, Fan L, Li X, Chen J. Roles of microglia in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression and their therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193053. [PMID: 37881439 PMCID: PMC10597707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis generates functional neurons from neural progenitor cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) to complement and repair neurons and neural circuits, thus benefiting the treatment of depression. Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant microglial activity can disrupt the appropriate formation and development of functional properties of neurogenesis, which will play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of depression. However, the mechanisms of the crosstalk between microglia and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in this review, we first introduce recent discoveries regarding the roles of microglia and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the etiology of depression. Then, we systematically discuss the possible mechanisms of how microglia regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression according to recent studies, which involve toll-like receptors, microglial polarization, fractalkine-C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis, etc. In addition, we summarize the promising drugs that could improve the adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating the microglia. These findings will help us understand the complicated pathological mechanisms of depression and shed light on the development of new treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Fang
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Guo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmiao Wan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhi Hao
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Mo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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46
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Zhu H, Guan A, Liu J, Peng L, Zhang Z, Wang S. Noteworthy perspectives on microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:223. [PMID: 37794488 PMCID: PMC10548593 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood-brain barrier architecture, and intriguingly, the regulation of emotions and behaviors. Microglia have a profound impact on neuronal survival, brain wiring and synaptic plasticity. As professional phagocytic cells in the brain, they remove dead cell debris and neurotoxic agents via an elaborate mechanism. The functional profile of microglia varies considerately depending on age, gender, disease context and other internal or external environmental factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders, including negative affection, social deficit, compulsive behavior, fear memory, pain and other symptoms associated with major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries regarding microglial ontogeny, cell subtypes or state spectrum, biological functions and mechanistic underpinnings of emotional and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of microglia-targeted therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders, and propose outstanding questions to be addressed in future research of human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ao Guan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Capuzzi E, Caldiroli A, Quitadamo C, Butturini F, Surace T, Clerici M, Buoli M. Novel pharmacotherapy targeting the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1623-1648. [PMID: 37401388 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2231346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The severity of positive symptoms in schizophrenia is associated with poor prognosis. About one-third of schizophrenia patients partially respond to treatment with available antipsychotics. The purpose of the present manuscript is to provide an updated overview of novel pharmacotherapy targeting positive symptoms in schizophrenia. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive research on the main database sources (PubMed, PsychINFO, Isi Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, and EMBASE) was performed to obtain original articles published till 31st January 2023 about new pharmacological strategies for the treatment of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION The most promising compounds include: lamotrigine, pro-cognitive-compounds (donepezil - in the short term, idazoxan and piracetam) and drugs acting partially or totally outside the Central Nervous System (CNS) (anti-inflammatory drugs: celecoxib, methotrexate; cardiovascular compounds: L-theanine, mononitrate isosorbide, propentofylline, sodium nitroprusside; metabolic regulators: diazoxide, allopurinol; others: bexarotene, raloxifene [in women]). The effectiveness of the latter compounds indicates that other biological systems, such as immunity or metabolism can be object of future research to identify pharmacological targets for positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Mirtazapine could be useful for treating negative symptoms without increasing the risk of a worsening of delusions/hallucinations. Nevertheless, the lack of replication of studies prevents to draw definitive conclusions and future studies are needed to confirm the findings presented in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Capuzzi
- Fondazione IRCCS, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Caldiroli
- Fondazione IRCCS, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Cecilia Quitadamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Francesco Butturini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Teresa Surace
- Fondazione IRCCS, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Fondazione IRCCS, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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48
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Luo Y, Lv K, Du Z, Zhang D, Chen M, Luo J, Wang L, Liu T, Gong H, Fan X. Minocycline improves autism-related behaviors by modulating microglia polarization in a mouse model of autism. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110594. [PMID: 37441807 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with few pharmacological treatments. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative that inhibits microglial activation, has been well-identified with anti-inflammatory properties and neuroprotective effects. A growing body of research suggests that ASD is associated with neuroinflammation, abnormal neurotransmitter levels, and neurogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that minocycline could improve autism-related behaviors by inhibiting microglia activation and altering neuroinflammation. To verify our hypothesis, we used a mouse model of autism, BTBR T + Itpr3tf/J (BTBR). As expected, minocycline administration rescued the sociability and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors of BTBR mice while having no effect in C57BL/6J mice. We also found that minocycline improved neurogenesis and inhibited microglia activation in the hippocampus of BTBR mice. In addition, minocycline treatment inhibited Erk1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus of BTBR mice. Our findings show that minocycline administration alleviates ASD-like behaviors in BTBR mice and improves neurogenesis, suggesting that minocycline supplementation might be a potential strategy for improving ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Keyi Lv
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhulin Du
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong Gong
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Xue B, Ma YY, Zhu JY, Mu Y, Li YH, Shen F, Liang J, Zhang JJ. Chronic social comparison elicits depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in male rats. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1505-1519. [PMID: 37302101 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Social comparison is a fundamental human characteristic; however, long-term social comparison may induce psychological stress and can lead to depression and anxiety. Recent studies have shown that nonhuman primates compare themselves with others; however, no studies have investigated whether social comparisons exist among rodents. In the present study, we established a rat model of social comparison. This model was subsequently used to examine the effects of the differential environment of a partner on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in male rats, as well as to assess the changes in serum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and dorsal hippocampus brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels induced by long-term social comparison. Compared to rats whose partners were exposed to the same environment, rats whose partners were exposed to two combined enriched environmental stimuli for 14 days showed significantly decreased social novelty preference and sucrose consumption. No anxiety-like behaviors were observed. Rats whose partners were exposed to one enriched environment for 31 days showed significantly increased immobility time in the forced swimming test, and significantly decreased time spent in the center area in the open-field test. Further, rats whose partners were exposed to one enriched environment for 31 days showed lower BDNF levels in the mPFC and dorsal hippocampus, but not following partner exposure for 14 days. These results suggest that social comparisons exist in rats and can induce psychosocial stress and other negative affect. This model will not only provide the possibility to reveal the neurobiological basis of the emotional impact of social comparison, but could also be used to confirm the conservative evolutionary characteristics of social comparison as a behavioral attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin-Yan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Ying Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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50
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Cruz B, Borgonetti V, Bajo M, Roberto M. Sex-dependent factors of alcohol and neuroimmune mechanisms. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 26:100562. [PMID: 37601537 PMCID: PMC10432974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol use disrupts neuroimmune signaling across various cell types, including neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. The present review focuses on recent, albeit limited, evidence of sex differences in biological factors that mediate neuroimmune responses to alcohol and underlying neuroimmune systems that may influence alcohol drinking behaviors. Females are more vulnerable than males to the neurotoxic and negative consequences of chronic alcohol drinking, reflected by elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Differences in cytokine, microglial, astrocytic, genomic, and transcriptomic evidence suggest females are more reactive than males to neuroinflammatory changes after chronic alcohol exposure. The growing body of evidence supports that innate immune factors modulate synaptic transmission, providing a mechanistic framework to examine sex differences across neurocircuitry. Targeting neuroimmune signaling may be a viable strategy for treating AUD, but more research is needed to understand sex-specific differences in alcohol drinking and neuroimmune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Cruz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92073
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92073
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92073
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92073
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