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Kurkin DV, Bakulin DA, Morkovin EI, Gorbunova YV, Strygin AV, Andriashvili TM, Sokolova AA, Bolokhov NS, Pustynnikov VE, Fomichev EA. HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF SITAGLIPTIN AND AMINOGUANIDINE COMBINATION IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-6-536-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to determine the antidiabetic effect of a sitagliptin and aminoguanidine combination in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats and C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. According to the models used, it was divided into 4 series, in which alloxan, steroid-induced (dexamethasone) and streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) were formed, respectively, in rats, and in the 4 series, obese C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were used. In the 1 and 2 series, the treatment was started prophylactically – 3 h after the alloxan administration and simultaneously with the dexamethasone administration, in the 3rd and 4th series, the treatment was carried out after the pathology had developed – 7 days after the streptozotocin with nicotinamide administration, and in the obese mice – immediately after their distribution according to the groups. The treatment was carried out with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg), aminoguanidine (25 mg/kg), or a combination thereof. The treatment was continued till the end of the experiment, which was completed with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after 4 h of fasting. The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing.Results. In the course of the experiments, it was found out that the prophylactic administration of a sitagliptin and aminoguanidine combination, unlike each of the components, prevented the development of alloxan DM. More effectively than the administration of sitagliptin alone, it reduced the severity of steroid-induced DM, which was expressed in a significantly lower level of fasting glycemia (after 4 h of fasting) and postprandial glycemia (during OGTT). Under the conditions of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced DM, the studied combination slowed down the progression of the pathology, and in the obese mice, the course therapeutic administration of sitagliptin and its combination reduced the severity of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (fasting glycemia) and increased the rate of glucose utilization.Conclusion. As an iNOS blocker, aminoguanidine enhances the antidiabetic effect of sitagliptin, preventing the development of alloxan diabetes and reducing the severity of steroid-induced DM when administered prophylactically. When administered therapeutically, it reduces the severity of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced DM in rats and type 2 DM in mice with a predisposition to obesity.
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Kim HJ, Jeong IK, Hur KY, Kim SK, Noh JH, Chun SW, Kang ES, Rhee EJ, Choi SH. Comparison of Efficacy of Glimepiride, Alogliptin, and Alogliptin-Pioglitazone as the Initial Periods of Therapy in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:689-700. [PMID: 35295073 PMCID: PMC9532178 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice of an optimal oral hypoglycemic agent in the initial treatment periods for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients remains difficult and deliberate. We compared the efficacy and safety of glimepiride (GLIM), alogliptin (ALO), and alogliptin-pioglitazone (ALO-PIO) in poorly controlled T2DM patients with drug-naïve or metformin failure. METHODS In this three-arm, multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, poorly controlled T2DM patients were randomized to receive GLIM (n=35), ALO (n=31), or ALO-PIO (n=33) therapy for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at week 24 from baseline. Secondary endpoints were changes in HbA1c level at week 12 from baseline, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, lipid profiles at weeks 12 and 24, and parameters of glycemic variability, assessed by continuous glucose monitoring for 24 weeks. RESULTS At weeks 12 and 24, the ALO-PIO group showed significant reduction in HbA1c levels compared to the ALO group (-0.96%±0.17% vs. -0.37%±0.17% at week 12; -1.13%±0.19% vs. -0.18%±0.2% at week 24). The ALO-PIO therapy caused greater reduction in FPG levels and significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at weeks 12 and 24 than the ALO therapy. Compared to low-dose GLIM therapy, ALO-PIO therapy showed greater improvement in glycemic variability. The adverse events were similar among the three arms. CONCLUSION ALO-PIO combination therapy during the early period exerts better glycemic control than ALO monotherapy and excellency in glycemic variability than low-dose sulfonylurea therapy in uncontrolled, drug-naïve or metformin failed T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - In Kyung Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Wan Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sung Hee Choi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-8116 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
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Luo Y, Wang T, Chen Z, Zhang G. Knowledge domain and emerging trends in beta-cell research: A bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1086667. [PMID: 36743933 PMCID: PMC9892706 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1086667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now, the physiology, pathology, and recovery of beta-cells have been intensively studied and made great progress, and these are of major significance for the treatment of related diseases. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and objective report on the status of beta-cell research is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to quantify and identify the current status and trending issues in beta-cell research. METHODS The articles and reviews related to beta-cell were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection on August 31, 2022. Two scientometric software (CiteSpace 6.1.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.18) were used to perform bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis. RESULTS A total of 4098 papers were published in 810 academic journals in 2938 institutions from 83 countries/regions. The number of beta-cell-related publications was increasing steadily. The United States was the most productive country, while Universite libre de Bruxelles, University of Toronto and University of Geneva were the most active institutions. Diabetes published the most beta-cell studies and received the largest number of co-citations. Decio I Eizirik published the most papers and had the most co-citations. Twelve references on reviews and mechanisms were regarded as the knowledge base. Four major aspects of beta-cell research included the pathological mechanism of beta-cell failure, the recovery of beta cells, the risk factor related to beta cells, and the physiology of beta cells. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress have been core elements throughout the research in this field. In addition, beta-cell dedifferentiation, inflammation, autophagy, miRNA, and lncRNA are hot topics nowadays. Additionally, stem cell replacement therapies might be the alternative way to reverse beta-cell failure. Restoring beta-cell mass and function will remain a research goal in the future. CONCLUSION This study provided a comprehensive overview of beta-cell research through bibliometric and visual methods. The information would provide helpful references for scholars focusing on beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Luo
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuhong Chen
- Institute of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangde Zhang, ; Zhuhong Chen,
| | - Guangde Zhang
- Institute of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangde Zhang, ; Zhuhong Chen,
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Fushimi Y, Obata A, Sanada J, Nogami Y, Ikeda T, Yamasaki Y, Obata Y, Shimoda M, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Early combination therapy of empagliflozin and linagliptin exerts beneficial effects on pancreatic β cells in diabetic db/db mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16120. [PMID: 34373487 PMCID: PMC8352868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of combination therapy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on β-cells are still unclear, although combination agent of these two drugs has become common in clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effects of DPP-4 inhibitor and/or SGLT2 inhibitor on β-cell mass and function and compared their effects between in an early and advanced phase of diabetes. We used 7-week-old db/db mice as an early phase and 16-week-old mice as an advanced phase and treated them for 2 weeks with oral administration of linagliptin, empagliflozin, linagliptin + empagliflozin (L + E group), and 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (Cont group). Blood glucose levels in Empa and L + E group were significantly lower than Cont group after treatment. In addition, β-cell mass in L + E group was significantly larger than Cont group only in an early phase, accompanied by increased Ki67-positive β-cell ratio. In isolated islets, mRNA expression levels of insulin and its transcription factors were all significantly higher only in L + E group in an early phase. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels related to β-cell differentiation and proliferation were significantly increased only in L + E group in an early phase. In conclusion, combination of DPP-4 inhibitor and SGLT2 inhibitor exerts more beneficial effects on β-cell mass and function, especially in an early phase of diabetes rather than an advanced phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Fushimi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Junpei Sanada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yuka Nogami
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamasaki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan.
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Favorable Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist against Pancreatic β-Cell Glucose Toxicity and the Development of Arteriosclerosis: "The Earlier, the Better" in Therapy with Incretin-Based Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157917. [PMID: 34360682 PMCID: PMC8348147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental pancreatic β-cell function is to produce and secrete insulin in response to blood glucose levels. However, when β-cells are chronically exposed to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin biosynthesis and secretion are decreased together with reduced expression of insulin transcription factors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a crucial role in pancreatic β-cells; GLP-1 binds to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the β-cell membrane and thereby enhances insulin secretion, suppresses apoptotic cell death and increase proliferation of β-cells. However, GLP-1R expression in β-cells is reduced under diabetic conditions and thus the GLP-1R activator (GLP-1RA) shows more favorable effects on β-cells at an early stage of T2DM compared to an advanced stage. On the other hand, it has been drawing much attention to the idea that GLP-1 signaling is important in arterial cells; GLP-1 increases nitric oxide, which leads to facilitation of vascular relaxation and suppression of arteriosclerosis. However, GLP-1R expression in arterial cells is also reduced under diabetic conditions and thus GLP-1RA shows more protective effects on arteriosclerosis at an early stage of T2DM. Furthermore, it has been reported recently that administration of GLP-1RA leads to the reduction of cardiovascular events in various large-scale clinical trials. Therefore, we think that it would be better to start GLP-1RA at an early stage of T2DM for the prevention of arteriosclerosis and protection of β-cells against glucose toxicity in routine medical care.
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Kang WS, Jung WK, Park SB, Kim HR, Kim J. Gemigliptin suppresses salivary dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111297. [PMID: 33493968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes commonly experience hyposalivation, which induces discomfort in eating, swallowing, dryness, smell, and speaking, as well as increases the incidence of periodontal disease. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are frequently used as antidiabetic drugs that lower glucose levels by utilizing similar mechanisms; however, additional protective functions of each gliptin have been discovered. In this study, the protective roles of gemigliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, against salivary dysfunction under diabetic conditions were investigated. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received gemigliptin 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg via oral gavage for 3 weeks. The weights of salivary gland tissues, saliva secretion, and antioxidant capacity in salivary glands were reduced after diabetes induction, but were significantly preserved following gemigliptin treatment. In salivary gland analysis, expression of apoptotic proteins, as well as amylase and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) protein expression, were increased following gemigliptin treatment. Furthermore, the number of TUNEL-positive cells decreased after gemigliptin treatment. Therefore, gemigliptin has protective roles against salivary dysfunction observed in diabetes, mediated via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and salivary secretion mechanisms. These results may help in selecting a suitable drug for patients with diabetes experiencing salivary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju, 61239, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kwon Jung
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Rae Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Multifaceted Mechanisms of Action of Metformin Which Have Been Unraveled One after Another in the Long History. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052596. [PMID: 33807522 PMCID: PMC7962041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While there are various kinds of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus at present, in this review article, we focus on metformin which is an insulin sensitizer and is often used as a first-choice drug worldwide. Metformin mainly activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver which leads to suppression of fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. Metformin activates AMPK in skeletal muscle as well, which increases translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the cell membrane and thereby increases glucose uptake. Further, metformin suppresses glucagon signaling in the liver by suppressing adenylate cyclase which leads to suppression of gluconeogenesis. In addition, metformin reduces autophagy failure observed in pancreatic β-cells under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it is known that metformin alters the gut microbiome and facilitates the transport of glucose from the circulation into excrement. It is also known that metformin reduces food intake and lowers body weight by increasing circulating levels of the peptide hormone growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Furthermore, much attention has been drawn to the fact that the frequency of various cancers is lower in subjects taking metformin. Metformin suppresses the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) by activating AMPK in pre-neoplastic cells, which leads to suppression of cell growth and an increase in apoptosis in pre-neoplastic cells. It has been shown recently that metformin consumption potentially influences the mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). Taken together, metformin is an old drug, but multifaceted mechanisms of action of metformin have been unraveled one after another in its long history.
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Sanada J, Obata A, Obata Y, Fushimi Y, Shimoda M, Kohara K, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Dulaglutide exerts beneficial anti atherosclerotic effects in ApoE knockout mice with diabetes: the earlier, the better. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1425. [PMID: 33446799 PMCID: PMC7809053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been no report about the mechanism for anti-atherosclerotic effects of dulaglutide (Dula) and/or about the difference of its effectiveness between in an early and a late phase of diabetes. To address such questions, streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected to ApoE knockout mice at 8 weeks of age. Either Dula or vehicle was administered to STZ-induced diabetic ApoE knockout mice from 10 to 18 weeks of age as an early intervention group and from 18 to 26 weeks as a late intervention group. Next, non-diabetic ApoE knockout mice without STZ injection were subcutaneously injected with either Dula or vehicle. In an early intervention group, atherosclerotic lesion in aortic arch and Mac-2 and CD68-positive areas in aortic root were significantly smaller in Dula group. In abdominal aorta, expression levels of some villain factors were lower in Dula group. In a late intervention group, there were no immunohistological differences in aortic root and expression levels of various factors between two groups. Furthermore, even in non-diabetic ApoE knockout mice, expression levels of inflammatory and macrophage markers were reduced by treatment with Dula. Taken together, Dula exerts more beneficial anti-atherosclerotic effects in an early phase of diabetes rather than in a late phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Sanada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Fushimi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan.
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Notable Underlying Mechanism for Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis: Pleiotropic Roles of Incretin and Insulin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249444. [PMID: 33322512 PMCID: PMC7763860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Under healthy conditions, pancreatic β-cells produce and secrete the insulin hormone in response to blood glucose levels. Under diabetic conditions, however, β-cells are compelled to continuously secrete larger amounts of insulin to reduce blood glucose levels, and thereby, the β-cell function is debilitated in the long run. In the diabetic state, expression levels of insulin gene transcription factors and incretin receptors are downregulated, which we think is closely associated with β-cell failure. These data also suggest that it would be better to use incretin-based drugs at an early stage of diabetes when incretin receptor expression is preserved. Indeed, it was shown that incretin-based drugs exerted more protective effects on β-cells at an early stage. Furthermore, it was shown recently that endothelial cell dysfunction was also associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. After ablation of insulin signaling in endothelial cells, the β-cell function and mass were substantially reduced, which was also accompanied by reduced expression of insulin gene transcription factors and incretin receptors in β-cells. On the other hand, it has been drawing much attention that incretin plays a protective role against the development of atherosclerosis. Many basic and clinical data have underscored the importance of incretin in arteries. Furthermore, it was shown recently that incretin receptor expression was downregulated in arteries under diabetic conditions, which likely diminishes the protective effects of incretin against atherosclerosis. Furthermore, a series of large-scale clinical trials (SPAED-A, SPIKE, LEADER, SUSTAIN-6, REWIND, PIONEER trials) have shown that various incretin-related drugs have beneficial effects against atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular events. These data strengthen the hypothesis that incretin plays an important role in the arteries of humans, as well as rodents.
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Lotfy HM, Mohamed EH. Induced mathematical filtration as an innovative strategy for discrimination and estimation of glycemic control drugs in fixed dose combination. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05289. [PMID: 33145447 PMCID: PMC7591735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative strategy was developed for the estimation of a fixed dose combination containing Alogliptin (ALO) and pioglitazone (PIO) using induced concept for resolving the overlapped spectra, lacking isoabsorptive point. This strategy is based on coupling factors as numerical values or ratios as spectrum form with the recorded signals leading to induced mathematical filtration of the drug of interest and complete elimination of the interfering one in the combination without prior physical separation. The calculated factors were factor of equality in induced dual wavelength (IDW) or absorptivity factor in induced concentration subtraction method (ICS) while absorptivity ratio spectrum for induced amplitude modulation method (IAM). The calibration curves displayed linearity within 1.0–16.0 μg/mL for ALO and 2.0–22.0 μg/mL for PIO with good correlation coefficients. The induced methods specificity was also assured through the assaying different synthetic mixtures prepared to contain the two drugs in ratios approaching the ratio actually found in the marketed dosage form. The methods were applicable and suitable for estimating ALO and PIO in both bulk form and their fixed dose combination. Induced methods have been extensively validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and results demonstrated the accuracy and reproducibility in comparison to the reported method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam M Lotfy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, 12311, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ekram H Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, 11837, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt.,The Center of Drug Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, 11837, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
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Omori K, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Takahashi K, Kitao N, Nomoto H, Kameda H, Cho KY, Takagi R, Hatanaka KC, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. Effects of dapagliflozin and/or insulin glargine on beta cell mass and hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. Metabolism 2019; 98:27-36. [PMID: 31202833 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the beneficial effects of dapagliflozin and/or insulin glargine on the pancreatic beta cell mass and hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. METHODS Six-week-old db/db mice were assigned to one of four groups: untreated (Placebo), treated with dapagliflozin (Dapa), treated with insulin glargine (Gla), or treated with dapagliflozin and insulin glargine (Dapa+Gla). After 8 weeks of treatment, we determined glucose tolerance, beta cell mass, hepatic lipid content and gene expression. RESULTS Glucose tolerance was significantly ameliorated in the three treated groups to the same degree compared with the Placebo group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the pancreatic beta cell mass was significantly maintained in the Dapa and Dapa+Gla groups, but not in the Gla group, compared with the Placebo group (Placebo 2.25 ± 1.44 mg, Dapa 5.01 ± 1.63 mg, Gla 3.79 ± 0.96 mg, Dapa+Gla 5.19 ± 1.78 mg). However, the triglyceride content of the liver was markedly elevated in the Gla group compared with that in the other three groups (Placebo 24.1 ± 11.5 mg, Dapa 30.6 ± 12.9 mg, Gla 128 ± 49.7 mg, Dapa+Gla 54.4 ± 14.1 mg per gram liver). The expression levels of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and lipid storage were significantly upregulated in the Gla group. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that beta cell mass was sustained and hepatic steatosis was prevented, after 8 weeks of treatment with either dapagliflozin or dapagliflozin plus insulin glargine, but not with insulin glargine alone, in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Division of Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kitao
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Zhou Y, Huang L, Zheng W, An J, Zhan Z, Wang L, Chen Z, Liu L. Recurrent nonsevere hypoglycemia exacerbates imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis leading to synapse injury and cognitive deficit in diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E973-E986. [PMID: 29969317 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00133.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent nonsevere hypoglycemia (RH) can lead to cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes, although the involved mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying RH-induced cognitive deficits with a focus on mitochondrial homeostasis. To establish a model that mimicked RH in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) receiving insulin therapy, streptozotocin-induced mice with T1DM were subjected to recurrent, twice-weekly insulin injections over 4 wk. We found that RH disrupted the mitochondrial fine structure, reduced the number of mitochondria, and upregulated the expression of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy markers, including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein-3 (BNIP3), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3) in the hippocampus of T1DM mice. Moreover, RH and chronic hyperglycemia synergistically promoted the production of reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed mitochondrial energy metabolism. Under diabetic conditions, RH also altered the synaptic morphology and reduced the expression of synaptic marker proteins. Long-term recognition memory and spatial memory, assessed with the Morris water maze test, were also impaired. However, these effects were largely prevented by mitochondrial division inhibitor 1, a potent and selective Drp1 inhibitor. Thus, it appears that RH exacerbates the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, leading to synapse injury and cognitive deficits in diabetes. The adjustment of mitochondrial homeostasis could serve as an effective neuroprotective approach when addressing low blood sugar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lishan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Wenting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jingjing An
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhidong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Linxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhou Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
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13
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Kim TH, Lee JH, Chae YN, Jung IH, Kim MK. Additive effects of evogliptin in combination with pioglitazone on fasting glucose control through direct and indirect hepatic effects in diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 830:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Rodriguez R, Minas JN, Vazquez-Medina JP, Nakano D, Parkes DG, Nishiyama A, Ortiz RM. Chronic AT1 blockade improves glucose homeostasis in obese OLETF rats. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:271-284. [PMID: 29643115 PMCID: PMC5945211 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which increases arterial pressure, impairs insulin secretion and decreases peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity. RAS blockade reverses these detriments; however, it is not clear whether the disease state of the organism and treatment duration determine the beneficial effects of RAS inhibition on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the benefits of acute vs chronic angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) blockade started after the onset of obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension on pancreatic function and peripheral insulin resistance. We assessed adipocyte morphology, glucose intolerance, pancreatic redox balance and insulin secretion after 2 and 11 weeks of AT1 blockade in the following groups of rats: (1) untreated Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (lean control; n = 10), (2) untreated Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 12) and (3) OLETF + ARB (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/day by oral gavage; n = 12). Regardless of treatment duration, AT1 blockade decreased systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma triglycerides, whereas chronic AT1 blockade decreased fasting plasma glucose, glucose intolerance and the relative abundance of large adipocytes by 22, 36 and 70%, respectively. AT1 blockade, however, did not improve pancreatic oxidative stress or reverse impaired insulin secretion. Collectively, these data show that AT1 blockade after the onset of obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension improves peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity, but cannot completely reverse the metabolic derangement characterized by impaired insulin secretion once it has been compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline N Minas
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, Merced, California, USA
| | | | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of PharmacologyKagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of PharmacologyKagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyUniversity of California, Merced, California, USA
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15
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Fish oil and fenofibrate inhibit pancreatic islet hypertrophy, and improve glucose and lipid metabolic dysfuntions with different ways in diabetic KK mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ye X, Qi J, Yu D, Wu Y, Zhu S, Li S, Wu Q, Ren G, Li D. Pharmacological efficacy of FGF21 analogue, liraglutide and insulin glargine in treatment of type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:726-734. [PMID: 28143735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a promising regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism with multiple beneficial effects including hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering. Previous studies have reported that FGF21 is expected to become a new drug for treatment of diabetes. Liraglutide and insulin glargine are the two representative anti-diabetic biological drugs. In the current study, we aim to compare the long-term pharmacological efficacy of mFGF21 (an FGF21 analogue), liraglutide and insulin glargine in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Db/db mice were initially treated with three kinds of proteins (25nmol/kg/day) by subcutaneous injection once a day for 4weeks, then subsequently be treated with once every two days for next 4weeks. After 8weeks of treatments, the blood glucose levels, body weights, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, fasting insulin levels, serum lipid profiles, hepatic biochemical parameters, oral glucose tolerance tests and hepatic mRNA expression levels of several proteins (GK, G6P, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4) associated with glucose metabolism of the experimental mice were detected. Results demonstrated that three proteins could significantly decrease the fed blood glucose levels of db/db mice. After treatment for 1week, the fed blood glucose levels of db/db mice in liraglutide group were significantly lower than those in mFGF21 and insulin glargine groups. However, after 2weeks of administration, the long-lasting hypoglycemic effect of mFGF21 was superior to liraglutide and insulin glargine up to the end of the experiments. Compared with liraglutide and insulin glargine, mFGF21 significantly reduced the glycosylated hemoglobin levels and improved the ability on glycemic control, insulin resistance, serum lipid and liver function states in db/db mice after 8weeks treatments. In addition, mFGF21 regulated glucose metabolism through increasing the mRNA expression levels of GK and GLUT-1, and decreasing the mRNA expression level of G6P. But liraglutide and insulin glargine could only up-regulate the mRNA expression of GLUT-4. In summary, as a hypoglycemic drug for long-term treatment, mFGF21 has the potential to be an ideal drug candidate for the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Ye
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 construction road, 453007, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jianying Qi
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 construction road, 453007, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, 453007, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
| | - Dan Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yunzhou Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shujie Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Guiping Ren
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Kaneto H, Obata A, Kimura T, Shimoda M, Okauchi S, Shimo N, Matsuoka TA, Kaku K. Beneficial effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for preservation of pancreatic β-cell function and reduction of insulin resistance. J Diabetes 2017; 9:219-225. [PMID: 27754601 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in various insulin target tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are newly developed antidiabetic agents, decrease blood glucose levels by enhancing urinary glucose excretion and thereby function in an insulin-independent manner. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exert beneficial effects to reduce insulin resistance and preserve pancreatic β-cell function. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit a variety of beneficial effects in various insulin target tissues, such as amelioration of fatty liver, reduction of visceral fat mass, and increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibitors protect pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity and preserve insulin secretory capacity. Together, these observations indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors are promising newly developed antidiabetic agents that are gaining attention in both clinical medicine and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kaneto
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Seizo Okauchi
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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18
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Zheng J, Xiao KL, Chen L, Wu C, Hu X, Zeng T, Chen XQ, Li WJ, Deng X, Li H, Li YM. Insulin sensitizers improve the GLP-1 secretion and the amount of intestinal L cells on high-fat-diet-induced catch-up growth. Nutrition 2017; 39-40:82-91. [PMID: 28606576 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether insulin resistance can result in impaired glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 secretion and to determine whether insulin-sensitizing drugs could improve the secretion of GLP-1 in catch-up growth rats. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish a catch-up growth model. At the end of weeks 6 and 14, these rats were euthanized to measure energy intake, body weight, plasma triacylglycerol, and nonesterified fatty acid. Fat mass percentage was analyzed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan. The GLP-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the glucose infusion rates were measured by hyperinsulinemic-glucose clamp experiment. Quantification of the GLP-1 positive cells in distal ileum was done by immunohistochemical staining method. The L cell line NCI-H716 cells were treated in vitro with palmitate acid, the cells' viability, the carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, and the insulin signaling pathway were detected. RESULTS Rats fed a high-fat diet rats had rapidly developed insulin resistance, impaired incretin effect, and a reduction in the number of intestinal L cells. The insulin sensitizers, metformin and pioglitazone, improved insulin resistance and the concentration of circulating GLP-1, increased the relative number of intestinal L cells to a certain degree. In vitro, the NCI-H716 cell viability was decreased and impaired insulin signaling pathway with palmitate acid treatment, metformin treatment could reverse these effects, whereas pioglitazone could not. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance caused by a high-fat diet could result in reduced GLP-1 secretion; the insulin sensitizing drugs were able to improve the incretin effect in catch-up growth rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang-Li Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuling Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Shimoda M, Miyoshi-Takai M, Irie S, Tanabe A, Obata A, Okauchi S, Hirukawa H, Kimura T, Kohara K, Kamei S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Inadequate Triglyceride Management Worsens the Durability of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5856475. [PMID: 28626771 PMCID: PMC5463141 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5856475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are often used all over the world and exert various beneficial effects including glucose-lowering effect in many subjects with type 2 diabetes. It is poorly understood, however, which factors are closely related with the durability of glucose-lowering effect by DPP-4 inhibitor. In this study, we examined retrospectively which factors could mainly influence the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor. We enrolled 212 participants with type 2 diabetes to whom DPP-4 inhibitor was administered for over 1 year without an addition or increase of other hypoglycemic agents. Age and baseline HbA1c level were significantly higher in the effective group than those in the ineffective group. The effective group had a tendency of smaller amounts of weight change, average total cholesterol, and average triglyceride compared with the ineffective group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that average triglyceride and baseline HbA1c were independent predictors associated with the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor. Moreover, an average triglyceride level contributed to the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor in the obese group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) but not in the nonobese group (BMI < 25 kg/m2). These results suggest the importance of strict triglyceride management to maintain the durability of glucose-lowering effect by DPP-4 inhibitor, especially in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
- *Masashi Shimoda:
| | - Maiko Miyoshi-Takai
- Division of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shintaro Irie
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanabe
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Seizo Okauchi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hirukawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamei
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Division of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
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20
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Kakara M, Nomura H, Ezaki M, Fukae M, Hirota T, Matsubayashi S, Hirakawa M, Ieiri I. Population pharmacodynamic analysis of hemoglobin A1c-lowering effects by adding treatment of DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients based on electronic medical records. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1282-6. [PMID: 27338508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a population pharmacodynamic (PPD) model describing the time course for the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)-lowering effects of adding treatment of DPP-4 inhibitors and to assess the efficacy of combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients based on electronic medical records. METHODS Information on patients was collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. Of the 4 DPP-4 inhibitors used, we focused on sitagliptin as it had the best time-response relationships. A physiological indirect response model was developed to describe changes in HbA1c levels. RESULTS An indirect response model, based on the 1300 HbA1c levels of 160 patients, described the time course for the HbA1c-lowering effects of adding sitagliptin. The combination with pioglitazone decreased the HbA1c synthesis rate by 7.74% relative to without pioglitazone. Bayesian forecasting based on the final PDD model using the first two HbA1c observations, before and within 30days after the addition of sitagliptin, gave a precise prediction of HbA1c-lowering effects individually. CONCLUSIONS Our PPD model quantitatively described the beneficial effects of combination therapy with pioglitazone and sitagliptin. The proposal methodology is also expected to be applicable to other medicines based on electronic medical records in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kakara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nomura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Osaka Headquarters, Tokushukai General Incorporated Association, Osaka 530-0001, Japan; Hospital Pharmacy, Fukuoka Tokushukai Medical Center, Fukuoka 816-0864, Japan
| | - Mai Ezaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Fukae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sunao Matsubayashi
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Fukuoka Tokushukai Medical Center, Fukuoka 816-0864, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirakawa
- Hospital Pharmacy, Fukuoka Tokushukai Medical Center, Fukuoka 816-0864, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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21
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Kusminski CM, Chen S, Ye R, Sun K, Wang QA, Spurgin SB, Sanders PE, Brozinick JT, Geldenhuys WJ, Li WH, Unger RH, Scherer PE. MitoNEET-Parkin Effects in Pancreatic α- and β-Cells, Cellular Survival, and Intrainsular Cross Talk. Diabetes 2016; 65:1534-55. [PMID: 26895793 PMCID: PMC5310214 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism plays an integral role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cells. In addition, the diabetogenic role of glucagon released from α-cells plays a major role in the etiology of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes because unopposed hyperglucagonemia is a pertinent contributor to diabetic hyperglycemia. Titrating expression levels of the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET is a powerful approach to fine-tune mitochondrial capacity of cells. Mechanistically, β-cell-specific mitoNEET induction causes hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to activation of a Parkin-dependent mitophagic pathway, leading to the formation of vacuoles and uniquely structured mitophagosomes. Induction of mitoNEET in α-cells leads to fasting-induced hypoglycemia and hypersecretion of insulin during GSIS. MitoNEET-challenged α-cells exert potent antiapoptotic effects on β-cells and prevent cellular dysfunction associated with mitoNEET overexpression in β-cells. These observations identify that reduced mitochondrial function in α-cells exerts potently protective effects on β-cells, preserving β-cell viability and mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Risheng Ye
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kai Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephen B Spurgin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Phillip E Sanders
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Roger H Unger
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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22
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Kaneto H, Matsuoka TA, Kimura T, Obata A, Shimoda M, Kamei S, Mune T, Kaku K. Appropriate therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus in view of pancreatic β-cell glucose toxicity: "the earlier, the better". J Diabetes 2016. [PMID: 26223490 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells secrete insulin when blood glucose levels become high; however, when β-cells are chronically exposed to hyperglycemia, β-cell function gradually deteriorates, which is known as β-cell glucose toxicity. In the diabetic state, nuclear expression of the pancreatic transcription factors pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) and v-Maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (MafA) is decreased. In addition, incretin receptor expression in β-cells is decreased, which is likely involved in the impairment of incretin effects in diabetes. Clinically, it is important to select appropriate therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) so that β-cell function can be preserved. In addition, when appropriate pharmacological interventions against β-cell glucose toxicity are started at the early stages of diabetes, β-cell function is substantially restored, which is not observed if treatment is started at advanced stages. These observations indicate that it is likely that downregulation of pancreatic transcription factors and/or incretin receptors is involved in β-cell dysfunction observed in T2DM and it is very important to start appropriate pharmacological intervention against β-cell glucose toxicity in the early stages of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki
| | - Shinji Kamei
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki
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23
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Kubo F, Miyatsuka T, Sasaki S, Takahara M, Yamamoto Y, Shimo N, Watada H, Kaneto H, Gannon M, Matsuoka TA, Shimomura I. Sustained expression of GLP-1 receptor differentially modulates β-cell functions in diabetic and nondiabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:68-74. [PMID: 26854076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been shown to play important roles in maintaining β-cell functions, such as insulin secretion and proliferation. While expression levels of GLP-1 receptor (Glp1r) are compromised in the islets of diabetic rodents, it remains unclear when and to what degree Glp1r mRNA levels are decreased during the progression of diabetes. In this study, we performed real-time PCR with the islets of db/db diabetic mice at different ages, and found that the expression levels of Glp1r were comparable to those of the islets of nondiabetic db/misty controls at the age of four weeks, and were significantly decreased at the age of eight and 12 weeks. To investigate whether restored expression of Glp1r affects the diabetic phenotypes, we generated the transgenic mouse model Pdx1(PB)-CreER(TM); CAG-CAT-Glp1r (βGlp1r) that allows for induction of Glp1r expression specifically in β cells. Whereas the expression of exogenous Glp1r had no measurable effect on glucose tolerance in nondiabetic βGlp1r;db/misty mice, βGlp1r;db/db mice exhibited higher glucose and lower insulin levels in blood on glucose challenge test than control db/db littermates. In contrast, four weeks of treatment with exendin-4 improved the glucose profiles and increased serum insulin levels in βGlp1r;db/db mice, to significantly higher levels than those in control db/db mice. These differential effects of exogenous Glp1r in nondiabetic and diabetic mice suggest that downregulation of Glp1r might be required to slow the progression of β-cell failure under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyo Kubo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Japan Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave. 746 PRB, Nashville, TN 37232-6303, USA
| | - Taka-aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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24
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Okauchi S, Shimoda M, Obata A, Kimura T, Hirukawa H, Kohara K, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitor luseogliflozin on pancreatic β-cells in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:772-782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kaneto
- a Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
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26
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Jung E, Kim J, Kim CS, Kim SH, Cho MH. Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, inhibits retinal pericyte injury in db/db mice and retinal neovascularization in mice with ischemic retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2618-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Shimo N, Matsuoka TA, Miyatsuka T, Takebe S, Tochino Y, Takahara M, Kaneto H, Shimomura I. Short-term selective alleviation of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity ameliorates the suppressed expression of key β-cell factors under diabetic conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:948-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Hirukawa H, Kaneto H, Shimoda M, Kimura T, Okauchi S, Obata A, Kohara K, Hamamoto S, Tawaramoto K, Hashiramoto M, Kaku K. Combination of DPP-4 inhibitor and PPARγ agonist exerts protective effects on pancreatic β-cells in diabetic db/db mice through the augmentation of IRS-2 expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:49-60. [PMID: 26116826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of long- and short-term treatment with pioglitazone (Pio) and/or alogliptin (Alo) on β-cells in diabetic db/db mice. Six-week-old male db/db mice received Pio (25 mg/kg, oral) and/or Alo (30 mg/kg, oral) for 4 weeks and for 2 days. Blood glucose levels were decreased after 4-week intervention, but not after 2-day intervention. Pio increased adiponectin levels, and Alo decreased glucagon levels and increased active GlP-1 levels. Insulin sensitivity was restored by Pio. After 4-week treatment, β-cell mass was increased (over 2-fold increase) and expression levels of various β-cell-related factors were restored. Expression levels of IRS-2 and various downstream factors were up-regulated by Pio and Alo after 2-day and 4-week intervention. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of IRS-2 and various downstream factors were up-regulated in MIN6 cells after 24-h exposure to Pio and exendin-4. These results suggest that Pio and Alo additively up-regulate IRS-2 expression independently of the alteration of glycemic control. Taken together, combination of Pio and Alo exerts protective effects on β-cells in diabetic db/db mice, at least in part, through the augmentation of IRS-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Hirukawa
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Seizo Okauchi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Sumiko Hamamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tawaramoto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashiramoto
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-city, Okayama 701-0192, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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29
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Chen F, Dong RR, Zhong KL, Ghosh A, Tang SS, Long Y, Hu M, Miao MX, Liao JM, Sun HB, Kong LY, Hong H. Antidiabetic drugs restore abnormal transport of amyloid-β across the blood-brain barrier and memory impairment in db/db mice. Neuropharmacology 2015. [PMID: 26211973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown significant changes in amyloid-β (Aβ) transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under diabetic conditions with hypoinsulinemia, which is involved in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Present study employed db/db mice with hyperinsulinemia to investigate changes in Aβ transport across the BBB, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and restorative effects of antidiabetic drugs. Our results showed that db/db mice exhibited similar changes in Aβ transport across the BBB to that of insulin-deficient mice. Chronic treatment of db/db mice with antidiabetic drugs such as metformin, glibenclamide and insulin glargine significantly decreased Aβ influx across the BBB determined by intra-arterial infusion of (125)I-Aβ(1-40), and expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) participating in Aβ influx. Insulin glargine, but not, metformin or glibenclamide increased Aβ efflux across the BBB determined by stereotaxic intra-cerebral infusion of (125)I-Aβ(1-40), and expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) participating in Aβ efflux. Moreover, treatment with these drugs significantly decreased hippocampal Aβ(1-40) or Aβ(1-42) and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. The drugs also ameliorated memory impairment confirmed by improved performance on behavioral tasks. However, insulin glargine or glibenclamide, but not metformin, restored hippocampal synaptic plasticity characterized by enhancing in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP). Further study found that these three drugs significantly restrained NF-κB, but only insulin glargine enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity at the BBB in db/db mice. Our data indicate that the antidiabetic drugs can partially restore abnormal Aβ transport across the BBB and memory impairment under diabetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Rong Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kai Long Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Xing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Min Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Bing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Yi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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30
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Gemigliptin improves renal function and attenuates podocyte injury in mice with diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:116-24. [PMID: 25977232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes participate in the formation and regulation of the glomerular filtration barrier. Loss of podocytes occurs during the early stages of diabetic nephropathy and impairs glomerular filtration. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used as anti-diabetic agents in clinical practice. In this study, we showed that gemigliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, reduced podocyte apoptosis in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without reducing hyperglycemia. Gemigliptin (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 12 weeks in db/db mice. Blood glucose levels and albuminuria were measured. The renal cortex was collected for histological examination, and molecular assays were used to detect 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Type 2 diabetic db/db mice exhibited albuminuria, renal histopathological changes, and podocyte loss. Administration of gemigliptin to db/db mice suppressed albuminuria, enzyme activity and expression of DPP-4, and podocyte apoptosis. The effect of gemigliptin on diabetes-induced podocyte loss was associated with the suppression of oxidative damage, AOPP accumulation, RAGE expression, and ILK expression. These results indicate the possible benefits of using gemigliptin in diabetes patients to treat renal impairment without affecting glycemic control.
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31
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Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, a new class of oral hypoglycemic agents, augment glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon levels through enhancement of the action of endogenous incretin by inhibiting DPP-4, an incretin-degrading enzyme. DPP-4 inhibitors are generally well tolerated because of their low risk of hypoglycemia and other adverse events. Moreover, with their potential to improve beta cell function, a core defect of type 2 diabetes, DPP-4 inhibitors are becoming a major component of treatment of type 2 diabetes. Alogliptin benzoate is a newly developed, highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor which has been approved in many countries throughout the world. Once-daily administration of alogliptin as either monotherapy or combination therapy with other oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin has a potent glucose-lowering effect which is similar to that of other DPP-4 inhibitors, with a low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. The cardiovascular safety of this drug has been confirmed in a recent randomized controlled trial. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety of alogliptin, and discusses the role of DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Saisho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Cai Y, Lydic TA, Turkette T, Reid GE, Olson LK. Impact of alogliptin and pioglitazone on lipid metabolism in islets of prediabetic and diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:46-57. [PMID: 25801003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure of pancreatic beta (β) cells to elevated glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) as occurs in type 2 diabetes results in loss of β cell function and survival. In Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, β cell failure is associated with increased triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis and disruption of the glycerolipid/FFA (GL/FFA) cycle, a critical arm of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of activation of PPARγ and increased incretin action via dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibition using pioglitazone and/or alogliptin, respectively, on islet lipid metabolism in prediabetic and diabetic ZDF rats. Transition of control prediabetic ZDF rats to diabetes was associated with reduced plasma insulin levels, reduced islet insulin content and GSIS, reduced stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 (SCD 2) expression, and increased islet TAG, diacylglyceride (DAG) and ceramides species containing saturated FA. Treatment of prediabetic ZDF rats with a combination of pioglitazone and alogliptin, but not individually, prevented the transition to diabetes and was associated with marked lowering of islet TAG and DAG levels. Pioglitazone and alogliptin, however, did not restore SCD2 expression, the degree of FA saturation in TAG, DAG or ceramides, islet insulin content, or lower ceramide levels. These findings are consistent with activation of PPARγ and increased incretin action working in concert to restore GL/FFA cycle in β cells of ZDF rats. Restoration of the GL/FFA cycle without correcting islet FA desaturation, production of islet ceramides, and/or insulin sensitivity, however, may place these islets at risk for β cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Thomas Turkette
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Gavin E Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
| | - L Karl Olson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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33
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Kaneto H, Matsuoka TA. Role of pancreatic transcription factors in maintenance of mature β-cell function. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6281-97. [PMID: 25794287 PMCID: PMC4394532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pancreatic transcription factors including PDX-1 and MafA play crucial roles in the pancreas and function for the maintenance of mature β-cell function. However, when β-cells are chronically exposed to hyperglycemia, expression and/or activities of such transcription factors are reduced, which leads to deterioration of β-cell function. These phenomena are well known as β-cell glucose toxicity in practical medicine as well as in the islet biology research area. Here we describe the possible mechanism for β-cell glucose toxicity found in type 2 diabetes. It is likely that reduced expression levels of PDX-1 and MafA lead to suppression of insulin biosynthesis and secretion. In addition, expression levels of incretin receptors (GLP-1 and GIP receptors) in β-cells are decreased, which likely contributes to the impaired incretin effects found in diabetes. Taken together, down-regulation of insulin gene transcription factors and incretin receptors explains, at least in part, the molecular mechanism for β-cell glucose toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Taka-aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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34
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Pugazhenthi S, Qin L, Bouchard R. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in diabetic rats leads to activation of the transcription factor CREB in β-cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 755:42-9. [PMID: 25720341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Incretin therapies are effective in controlling blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients by improving the survival and function of β-cells. They include dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs. We have previously reported that GLP-1 enhances the survival of cultured human islets by activation of the transcription factor CREB. To test the in vivo relevance of these findings, we examined the effects of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in Zucker Diabetic rats, a model for type 2 diabetes. The plasma levels of GLP-1 increased in alogliptin-treated diabetic rats leading to normoglycemia. Pancreatic islets of untreated diabetic rats were characterized by decreased immunostaining for insulin and PDX-1. Elevation of GLP-1 in treated diabetic rats resulted in the improved survival of β-cells. Dual immunofluorescent staining showed phosphorylation/activation of CREB in insulin-positive β-cells of islets. This led to increases in the levels of CREB targets including Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic mitochondrial protein, BIRC3, a caspase inhibitor and IRS-2, an adapter protein needed for insulin signaling. Findings from this study suggest potential activation of cytoprotective CREB by GLP-1 in pancreatic β-cells of diabetic patients undergoing incretin-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - LiMei Qin
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Ron Bouchard
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Matsuoka TA, Kaneto H, Kawashima S, Miyatsuka T, Tochino Y, Yoshikawa A, Imagawa A, Miyazaki JI, Gannon M, Stein R, Shimomura I. Preserving Mafa expression in diabetic islet β-cells improves glycemic control in vivo. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7647-57. [PMID: 25645923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The murine Mafa transcription factor is a key regulator of postnatal islet β-cell activity, affecting insulin transcription, insulin secretion, and β-cell mass. Human MAFA expression is also markedly decreased in islet β-cells of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Moreover, levels are profoundly reduced in db/db islet β-cells, a mouse model of T2DM. To examine the significance of this key islet β-cell-enriched protein to glycemic control under diabetic conditions, we generated transgenic mice that conditionally and specifically produced Mafa in db/db islet β-cells. Sustained expression of Mafa resulted in significantly lower plasma glucose levels, higher plasma insulin, and augmented islet β-cell mass. In addition, there was increased expression of insulin, Slc2a2, and newly identified Mafa-regulated genes involved in reducing β-cell stress, like Gsta1 and Gckr. Importantly, the levels of human GSTA1 were also compromised in T2DM islets. Collectively, these results illustrate how consequential the reduction in Mafa activity is to islet β-cell function under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun-ichi Miyazaki
- the Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Maureen Gannon
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6303, and
| | - Roland Stein
- the Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Shinjo T, Nakatsu Y, Iwashita M, Sano T, Sakoda H, Ishihara H, Kushiyama A, Fujishiro M, Nishimura F, Asano T. High-fat diet feeding significantly attenuates anagliptin-induced regeneration of islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:50. [PMID: 26097511 PMCID: PMC4475295 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DPP-4 inhibitors reportedly exert effects on both alpha and beta cells, and promote the proliferation and survival of beta cells. We investigated the effects of anagliptin on structurally-impaired islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice, fed either a normal or a high-fat diet. Pdx-1 expression in the pancreas and serum insulin/glucagon concentrations were also examined. FINDINGS Anagliptin treatment significantly up-regulated pancreatic Pdx-1 expression, with elevated serum glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations, regardless of whether the diet was normal or high-fat. However, interestingly, the beta cell regeneration, structural normalization of islets of Langerhans including alpha cell: beta cell area ratios, and serum insulin elevation, all observed with anagliptin administration in the animals fed a normal diet, were markedly suppressed in the high-fat fed group. CONCLUSIONS High-fat diet feeding clearly weakened the regenerative effects of anagliptin on the islets of Langerhans in STZ-treated mice. Our findings suggest the importance of normalizing lipid metabolism for full manifestation of DPP-4 inhibitor effects on the islets of Langerhans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shinjo
- />Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Higashi-ku Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- />Division of Molecular Medical Science, Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Hiroshima, Minami-ku 734-8551 Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- />Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Higashi-ku Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- />Division of Cervico-Gnathostomatology, Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ishihara
- />Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-machi, Tokyo, Itabashi-ku Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- />Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Adult Disease, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- />Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Higashi-ku Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- />Division of Molecular Medical Science, Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Hiroshima, Minami-ku 734-8551 Japan
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Ye X, Qi J, Wu Y, Yu D, Xu P, Li S, Zhu S, Wu Q, Ren G, Li D. Comparison of PEGylated FGF-21 with insulin glargine for long-lasting hypoglycaemic effect in db/db mice. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 41:82-90. [PMID: 25451186 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the long-acting antidiabetic efficacy of PEGylated fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. METHODS PEGylated FGF-21 was prepared by modifying the N-terminus of human FGF-21 (hFGF-21) using mPEG-ALD. To compare the long-lasting hypoglycaemic effects of PEGylated FGF-21 and insulin glargine in diabetic db/db mice, their pharmacological efficacy was evaluated by changes in blood glucose levels, body weight, insulin levels, glycosylated haemoglobin levels, lipid profile and liver function parameters, and by oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). RESULTS Both PEGylated FGF-21 and insulin glargine decreased plasma glucose in db/db mice. However, compared with insulin glargine treatment, PEGylated FGF-21 therapy had more significant effects in lowering blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels, improving lipid profile and liver function parameters, alleviating insulin resistance and reducing the glucose area under the curve in OGTTs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PEGylated FGF-21 is an ideal candidate as a long-acting antidiabetes drug, and holds significant promise as an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ye
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - J Qi
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Y Wu
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - D Yu
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - P Xu
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - S Li
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - S Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Q Wu
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - G Ren
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - D Li
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Kang SJ, Lee JE, Lee EK, Jung DH, Song CH, Park SJ, Choi SH, Han CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Fermentation with Aquilariae Lignum enhances the anti-diabetic activity of green tea in type II diabetic db/db mouse. Nutrients 2014; 6:3536-71. [PMID: 25207824 PMCID: PMC4179175 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major components of tea may be significantly influenced according to the type of fermentation, and consequently the effects of different teas will differ. We examined whether green tea fermented with Aquilariae Lignum (fGT) shows a stronger anti-diabetic effect than unfermented green tea (GT) on mice with type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect of fGT, we assessed body weight, fecal excretion, serum leptin levels, exocrine pancreatic zymogen granule contents, and periovarian fat weight and adiponectin contents. Blood glucose levels, pancreatic weight, and numbers of pancreatic islet insulin- and glucagon-producing cells were determined to evaluate anti-hypoglycemic effects, while total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low- and high-density lipoprotein levels were determined to evaluate anti-hyperlipidemic effects. The antioxidant effect of fGT was detected by measuring malondialdehyde and glutathione contents and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. fGT showed anti-obesity, anti-hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemia, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, fGT exerted stronger anti-diabetic effects compared with GT. Collectively, these results suggested that fGT fermented with the appropriate amounts of Aquilariae Lignum (49:1) has a stronger effect compared with GT. Thus, fGT is a promising and potent new therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kang
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | | | - Chang Hyun Song
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Soo Jin Park
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Seong Hun Choi
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Han
- Department of Medical History & Literature Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Young Joon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
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Cummings BP, Bettaieb A, Graham JL, Stanhope K, Haj FG, Havel PJ. Administration of pioglitazone alone or with alogliptin delays diabetes onset in UCD-T2DM rats. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:133-44. [PMID: 24627447 PMCID: PMC4457365 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to identify strategies for type 2 diabetes prevention. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of pioglitazone and alogliptin alone and in combination to prevent type 2 diabetes onset in UCD-T2DM rats, a model of polygenic obese type 2 diabetes. At 2 months of age, rats were divided into four groups: control, alogliptin (20 mg/kg per day), pioglitazone (2.5 mg/kg per day), and alogliptin+pioglitazone. Non-fasting blood glucose was measured weekly to determine diabetes onset. Pioglitazone alone and in combination with alogliptin lead to a 5-month delay in diabetes onset despite promoting increased food intake and body weight (BW). Alogliptin alone did not delay diabetes onset or affect food intake or BW relative to controls. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations were lower and adiponectin concentrations were threefold higher in groups treated with pioglitazone. All treatment groups demonstrated improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test with an additive improvement observed with alogliptin+pioglitazone. Islet histology revealed an improvement of islet morphology in all treatment groups compared with control. Pioglitazone treatment also resulted in increased expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue, with mild elevations observed in animals treated with alogliptin alone. Pioglitazone markedly delays the onset of type 2 diabetes in UCD-T2DM rats through improvements of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, islet function, and markers of adipose mitochondrial biogenesis; however, addition of alogliptin at a dose of 20 mg/kg per day to pioglitazone treatment does not enhance the prevention/delay of diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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He Q, Zhang X, Han B, Xu J, Tang K, Fu Z, Yin H. A synergistic therapeutic scheme for hyperglycemia and nephrotic disorders in diabetes. Theranostics 2014; 4:556-64. [PMID: 24669279 PMCID: PMC3964444 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the utilization of an electrospun scaffold could boost functional outputs of transplanted islets. In this study, we aim to develop a drug-eluting scaffold with a payload of pioglitazone to simultaneously rein in hyperglycemia and recoup lost renal functions in diabetic mice that underwent islet transplantation. The in vivo proliferation of islets was measured by a non-invasive bio-imaging technology whereas the blood insulin, blood glucose and renal proteins were assayed. The local stimulation of transplanted islets by pioglitazone saw an accelerated in vivo proliferation without apoptosis caused by the drug-eluting scaffold. In addition, pioglitazone contributed to an increased secretion of insulin and C-peptide 2, giving rise to an accelerated rein-in of hyperglycemia and enhanced tolerance of sudden oral glucose challenge. Moreover, the accelerated decrease of blood creatinine, urine creatinine and blood urea nitrogen suggested that pioglitazone contributed to the recovery of renal functions compromised by diabetes. Our bioengineering strategy effectively ameliorated hyperglycemia and associated nephrotic disorders, and shed a new light on an engineering approach to combat diabetes.
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Fujisawa K, Yasuda T, Kaneto H, Katakami N, Tsuji M, Kubo F, Sasaki S, Miyashita K, Naka T, Kasami R, Kuroda A, Matsuhisa M, Shimomura I. Short- and long-term effect of sitagliptin after near normalization of glycemic control with insulin in poorly controlled Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 5:548-53. [PMID: 25411623 PMCID: PMC4188113 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to examine the short- and long-term effect of sitagliptin on glucose tolerance after near normalization of glycemic control with insulin in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We consecutively enrolled a total of 30 type 2 diabetic patients whose glycated hemoglobin levels (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program) were ≥7.4%, stopped all oral antidiabetic drugs and started insulin therapy. When fasting plasma glucose levels became <140 mg/dL, we carried out the first oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). After 1-week sitagliptin treatment (50 mg/day), the second OGTT was carried out. Furthermore, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of sitagliptin on glucose tolerance after near normalization of glycemic control with insulin. RESULTS After 1-week sitagliptin treatment, the area under the curve of insulin was markedly increased, and the area under the curve of glucagon and glucose was markedly decreased. Duration of diabetes and insulin secretory capacity were correlated with the effect of sitagliptin. Furthermore, interestingly, near normalization of glycemic control with insulin therapy for 1-2 weeks brought out the long-term effectiveness of sitagliptin on glucose tolerance for 24 weeks, which was not observed with other antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that near normalization of glycemic control with insulin improves the clinical response to sitagliptin in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Fujisawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kubo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Miyashita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Toyoko Naka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Ryuuichi Kasami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Akio Kuroda
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
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Opinto G, Natalicchio A, Marchetti P. Physiology of incretins and loss of incretin effect in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2013; 119:170-8. [PMID: 23859800 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2013.812664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis is played by incretins, which are gut-derived hormones released in response to nutrient ingestion. In humans, the major incretin hormones are glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and together they fully account for the incretin effect (that is, higher insulin release in response to an oral glucose challenge compared to an equal intravenous glucose load). Studies have shown that GLP-1 and GIP levels and actions may be perturbed in disease states, and the loss of incretin effect is likely to contribute importantly to the postprandial hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. However, the specific cause-effect relationship between disease and incretins is still unclear. This review focuses on several key studies elucidating the association of defective incretin action with obesity and T2DM and the effects of metformin and other anti-diabetic agents on the incretin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Opinto
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari School of Medicine , Bari , Italy and
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Yamamoto K, Matsuoka TA, Kawashima S, Takebe S, Kubo N, Miyatsuka T, Kaneto H, Shimomura I. A novel function of Onecut1 protein as a negative regulator of MafA gene expression. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21648-58. [PMID: 23775071 PMCID: PMC3724624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.481424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MafA is a key regulator of insulin gene expression and maturation of islet β cells. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanism of MafA gene expression is still unclear. To identify the transcriptional regulators of MafA, we examined various transcription factors, which are potentially involved in β cell differentiation. An adenovirus-mediated overexpression study clearly demonstrated that Onecut1 suppresses the promoter activity of MafA through the Foxa2-binding cis-element on the MafA enhancer region (named area A). However, ChIP analysis showed that Foxa2 but not Onecut1 could directly bind to area A. Furthermore, overexpression of Onecut1 inhibited the binding of Foxa2 onto area A upon ChIP analysis. Importantly, insertion of a mutation in the Foxa2-binding site of area A significantly decreased the promoter activity of MafA. These findings suggest that Onecut1 suppresses MafA gene expression through the Foxa2-binding site. In the mouse pancreas, MafA expression was first detected at the latest stage of β cell differentiation and was scarcely observed in Onecut1-positive cells during pancreas development. In addition, Onecut1 expression was significantly increased in the islets of diabetic db/db mice, whereas MafA expression was markedly decreased. The improved glucose levels of db/db mice with insulin injections significantly reduced Onecut1 expression and rescued the reduction of MafA expression. These in vivo experiments also suggest that Onecut1 is a negative regulator of MafA gene expression. This study implicates the novel role of Onecut1 in the control of normal β cell differentiation and its involvement in β cell dysfunction under diabetic conditions by suppressing MafA gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta/metabolism
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 6/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 6/metabolism
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 6/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/genetics
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Models, Genetic
- Pancreas/embryology
- Pancreas/growth & development
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamamoto
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Taka-aki Matsuoka
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawashima
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Satomi Takebe
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Noriyo Kubo
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Suita, Japan
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Yin H, Park SY, Wang XJ, Misawa R, Grossman EJ, Tao J, Zhong R, Witkowski P, Bell GI, Chong AS. Enhancing pancreatic Beta-cell regeneration in vivo with pioglitazone and alogliptin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65777. [PMID: 23762423 PMCID: PMC3675063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis Pancreatic beta-cells retain limited ability to regenerate and proliferate after various physiologic triggers. Identifying therapies that are able to enhance beta-cell regeneration may therefore be useful for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods In this study we investigated endogenous and transplanted beta-cell regeneration by serially quantifying changes in bioluminescence from beta-cells from transgenic mice expressing firefly luciferase under the control of the mouse insulin I promoter. We tested the ability of pioglitazone and alogliptin, two drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, to enhance beta-cell regeneration, and also defined the effect of the immunosuppression with rapamycin and tacrolimus on transplanted islet beta mass. Results Pioglitazone is a stimulator of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma while alogliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. Pioglitazone alone, or in combination with alogliptin, enhanced endogenous beta-cell regeneration in streptozotocin-treated mice, while alogliptin alone had modest effects. In a model of syngeneic islet transplantation, immunosuppression with rapamycin and tacrolimus induced an early loss of beta-cell mass, while treatment with insulin implants to maintain normoglycemia and pioglitazone plus alogliptin was able to partially promote beta-cell mass recovery. Conclusions/Interpretation These data highlight the utility of bioluminescence for serially quantifying functional beta-cell mass in living mice. They also demonstrate the ability of pioglitazone, used either alone or in combination with alogliptin, to enhance regeneration of endogenous islet beta-cells as well as transplanted islets into recipients treated with rapamycin and tacrolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ryosuke Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Transplantation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Grossman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alogliptin-Pioglitazone Combination Therapy: A Rational Approach to Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13556-012-0004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Düfer M, Noack K, Edalat A, Krippeit-Drews P, Drews G. Glitazones exert multiple effects on β-cell stimulus-secretion coupling. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:51-60. [PMID: 23024191 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies suggest that glitazones exert beneficial effects in patients with type 2 diabetes by directly affecting insulin secretion of β-cells, besides improving the effectiveness of insulin in peripheral tissues. The effects of glitazones on stimulus-secretion coupling (SSC) are poorly understood. We tested the influence of troglitazone and pioglitazone on different parameters of SSC, including insulin secretion (radioimmunoassay), cell membrane potential, various ion currents (patch-clamp), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), and cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration (fluorescence). Troglitazone exerted stimulatory, inhibitory, or no effects on insulin secretion depending on the drug and glucose concentration. It depolarized the ΔΨ, thus lowering ATP production, which resulted in opening of ATP-dependent K(+) channels (K(ATP) channels) and reduced insulin secretion. However, it also exerted direct inhibitory effects on K(ATP) channels that can explain enhanced insulin secretion. Troglitazone also inhibited the currents through voltage-dependent Ca(2+) and K(+) channels. Pioglitazone was less effective than troglitazone on all parameters tested. The effects of both glitazones were markedly reduced in the presence of bovine serum albumin. Glitazones exert multiple actions on β-cell SSC that have to be considered as undesired side effects because the influence of these compounds on β-cells is not controllable. The final effect on insulin secretion depends on many parameters, including the actual glucose and drug concentration, protein binding of the drug, and the drug by itself. Troglitazone and pioglitazone differ in their influence on SSC. It can be assumed that the effects of pioglitazone on β-cells are negligible under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Düfer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Fujishima Y, Maeda N, Inoue K, Kashine S, Nishizawa H, Hirata A, Kozawa J, Yasuda T, Okita K, Imagawa A, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Efficacy of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, on body weight, eating behavior, and glycemic control, in Japanese obese type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:107. [PMID: 22973968 PMCID: PMC3459720 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported that short-term treatment with liraglutide (20.0 ± 6.4 days) reduced body weight and improved some scales of eating behavior in Japanese type 2 diabetes inpatients. However, it remained uncertain whether such liraglutide-induced improvement is maintained after discharge from the hospital. The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term effects of liraglutide on body weight, glycemic control, and eating behavior in Japanese obese type 2 diabetics. Methods Patients with obesity (body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2) and type 2 diabetes were hospitalized at Osaka University Hospital between November 2010 and December 2011. BMI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were examined on admission, at discharge and at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. For the liraglutide group (BMI; 31.3 ± 5.3 kg/m2, n = 29), patients were introduced to liraglutide after correction of hyperglycemic by insulin or oral glucose-lowering drugs and maintained on liraglutide after discharge. Eating behavior was assessed in patients treated with liraglutide using The Guideline For Obesity questionnaire issued by the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity, at admission, discharge, 3 and 6 months after discharge. For the insulin group (BMI; 29.1 ± 3.0 kg/m2, n = 28), each patient was treated with insulin during hospitalization and glycemic control maintained by insulin after discharge. Results Liraglutide induced significant and persistent weight loss from admission up to 6 months after discharge, while no change in body weight after discharge was noted in the insulin group. Liraglutide produced significant improvements in all major scores of eating behavior questionnaire items and such effect was maintained at 6 months after discharge. Weight loss correlated significantly with the decrease in scores for recognition of weight and constitution, sense of hunger, and eating style. Conclusion Liraglutide produced meaningful long-term weight loss and significantly improved eating behavior in obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Matsuoka TA. Molecular mechanism of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction under diabetic conditions. Diabetol Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-012-0091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Method comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity assays and their application in biological samples containing reversible inhibitors. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:456-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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