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Limberger Nedel B, Garcia Madure M, Guaresi S, Soares Machado ME, Madrid de Bittencourt M, Nobrega Chagas N, Gerchman F. Breast Adiposity: Menopausal Status Impact and its Influence on Glycemic and Anthropometric Metabolic Parameters. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2467-2477. [PMID: 38558168 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ectopic fat depots are related to the deregulation of energy homeostasis, leading to diseases related to obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Despite significant changes in body composition over women's lifespans, little is known about the role of breast adipose tissue (BrAT) and its possible utilization as an ectopic fat depot in women of different menopausal statuses. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the relationship between BrAT and metabolic glycemic and lipid profiles and body composition parameters in adult women. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled adult women undergoing routine mammograms and performed history and physical examination, body composition assessment, semi-automated assessment of breast adiposity (BA) from mammograms, and fasting blood collection for biochemical analysis. Correlations and multivariate regression analysis were used to examine associations of BA with metabolic and body composition parameters. RESULTS Of the 101 participants included in the final analysis, 76.2% were in menopause, and 23.8% were in premenopause. The BA was positively related with fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat when adjusted for age among women in postmenopause. Also, the BA was an independent predictor of hyperglycemia and MetS. These associations were not present among women in premenopause. CONCLUSION The BA was related to different adverse body composition and metabolic factors in women in postmenopause. The results suggest that there might be a relevant BrAT endocrine role during menopause, with mechanisms yet to be clarified, thus opening up research perspectives on the subject and potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Limberger Nedel
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Michelle Garcia Madure
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guaresi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Soares Machado
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Nobrega Chagas
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
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Chávez-Vázquez AG, Klünder-Klünder M, Lopez-Gonzalez D, Vilchis-Gil J, Miranda-Lora AL. Association between bone age maturity and childhood adiposity. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13166. [PMID: 39187394 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that overweight and obesity are associated with advanced bone age (BA). OBJECTIVE To analyse the effect of adiposity on BA among Mexican children. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 902 children (5-18 years old). Anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and automated hand X-ray-based BA measurements were obtained. BA curves of children stratified by sex and age were created based on nutritional status. We also calculated odds ratios for advanced BA associated with the body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio and adiposity estimated using DXA (total and truncal fat mass). RESULTS Participants with overweight/obesity by BMI (SDS ≥1) advanced earlier in BA than did normal weight participants (6.0 vs. 12.0 years in boys and 6.0 vs. 10.3 in girls, p < 0.01); similarly, participants with a greater body fat percentage (SDS ≥1) exhibited earlier advanced BA (7.5 vs. 10.0 years in boys and 6.0 vs. 9.6 in girls, p < 0.01). Differences were also observed according to the waist/height ratio and truncal fat. Children with a BMI or DXA SDS ≥1 had greater odds of presenting an advanced BA of more than 1 year (OR 1.79-3.55, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased adiposity in children, mainly in boys, is associated with advanced BA at earlier ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Chávez-Vázquez
- Unit of Epidemiological Research in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Unit of Epidemiological Research in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jenny Vilchis-Gil
- Unit of Epidemiological Research in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - América Liliana Miranda-Lora
- Unit of Epidemiological Research in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Singh A, Kotzur T, Torres-Izquierdo B, Momtaz D, Gonuguntla R, Hoveidaei AH, Seifi A, Galán-Olleros M, Hosseinzadeh P. Decade-long Trends in Incidence of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in the United States: A Nationwide Database Analysis of Over 33 Million Patients. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2024; 8:01979360-202405000-00016. [PMID: 38775549 PMCID: PMC11111394 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-24-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a prevalent pediatric hip disorder linked to severe complications, with childhood obesity as a crucial risk factor. Despite the rising obesity rates, contemporary data on SCFE's epidemiology remain scarce in the United States. This study examined SCFE incidence trends and demographic risk factors in the United States over a decade. METHODS A decade-long (2011 to 2020) retrospective cohort study was undertaken using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample. Patients aged younger than 18 years were identified and further analyzed if diagnosed with SCFE through ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes. Key metrics included demographics variables, with multivariate regression assessing demographic factors tied to SCFE, and yearly incidence calculated. RESULTS Of 33,180,028 pediatric patients, 11,738 (0.04%) were diagnosed with SCFE. The incidence escalated from 2.46 to 5.96 per 10,000 children, from 2011 to 2020, mirroring childhood obesity trends. Lower socioeconomic status children were predominantly affected. Multivariate analysis revealed reduced SCFE risk in female patients, while Black and Hispanic ethnicities, alongside the Western geographic location, had an increased risk. CONCLUSION This study underscores a twofold increase in SCFE incidence over the past decade, aligning with childhood obesity upsurge. Moreover, SCFE disproportionately affects lower SES children, with male sex, Black and Hispanic ethnicities amplifying the risk. This calls for targeted interventions to mitigate SCFE's effect, especially amidst the vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Singh
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Travis Kotzur
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beltran Torres-Izquierdo
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Momtaz
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rishi Gonuguntla
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amir Human Hoveidaei
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Seifi
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Galán-Olleros
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pooya Hosseinzadeh
- From the UT Health San Antonio (Mr. Singh, Mr. Kotzur, Mr. Momtaz, Mr. Gonuguntla, and Dr. Seifi), Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio, TX; the Washington University School of Medicine (Dr. Torres-Izquierdo, Dr. Hoveidaei, and Dr. Hosseinzadeh), Department of Orthopaedics, St. Louis, MO; and the Hospital Niño Jesus (Dr. Galán-Olleros), Department of Orthopaedics, Madrid, Spain
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Sakornyutthadej N, Mahachoklertwattana P, Wankanit S, Poomthavorn P. Peak serum luteinising hormone cut-off during gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue test for diagnosing central precocious puberty was lower in girls with obesity as compared with girls with normal weight. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:368-378. [PMID: 38300440 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum luteinising hormone (LH) concentration has been reported to be lower in girls with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) as compared with girls with normal weight (NW). This study aimed to evaluate peak serum LH concentration during gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) test in girls with OW/OB and NW who had central precocious puberty (CPP) and to determine peak serum LH cut-off for diagnosing CPP in girls with OW/OB. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Medical records of 971 girls with premature breast development who underwent subcutaneous GnRHa (100 µg of triptorelin acetate) test were reviewed. All girls were classified as either CPP or premature thelarche. All of them were further classified into two groups according to their body mass index as NW and OW/OB groups for each Tanner stage. RESULTS There were 634 and 337 girls in NW and OW/OB groups, respectively. CPP was diagnosed in 600 girls (249 had Tanner stage II and 351 had Tanner stage III). There were no differences in peak serum LH concentrations between CPP girls with NW and OW/OB. Peak serum LH cut-off of 5 IU/L (the current widely used cut-off) had a sensitivity and a specificity of 75% and 90%, respectively in NW group. Peak serum LH cut-off for CPP diagnosis was lower at 4 IU/L in the OW/OB group with greater sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 93%, respectively. The results were reproducible for each Tanner stage of breasts. CONCLUSION Lower peak serum LH cut-off to 4 IU/L for diagnosing CPP in girls with OW/OB should be considered to avoid underdiagnosis of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natee Sakornyutthadej
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somboon Wankanit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Flores LA, Datta Banik S, Cameron N, Fragoso IJ. Growth in height and its association with overweight and obesity in Mexican children: an evaluation based on a nationally representative sample (ENSANUT 2018). Front Public Health 2024; 12:1339195. [PMID: 38572009 PMCID: PMC10989078 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1339195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the height growth curve for Mexican boys and girls based on their body mass index (BMI) status (normal and overweight/obese) and to develop a height Lambda, Mu, and Sigma (LMS) growth reference for Mexican children aged 2 to 18 years. Methods Chronological age and height records (7,097 boys and 6,167 girls) were obtained from the Mexican National Survey of Health and Nutrition database. Height growth curves were fitted using the Preece-Baines 1 (PB1) model and the LMS method. Results Age at peak height velocity (APHV) was 12.4 and 12.7 years for overweight-obese and normal-weight boys, respectively, and was 9.6 and 10.4 years for overweight-obese and normal-weight girls, respectively. Growth velocity was higher at the age of take-off (TO) in overweight-obese children than in normal-weight children (5.2 cm/year vs. 5 cm/year in boys and 6.1 cm/year vs. 5.6 cm/year in girls); nevertheless, the growth velocity at APHV was higher for normal-weight children than for overweight-obese children (7.4 cm/year vs. 6.6 cm/year in boys and 6.8 cm/year vs. 6.6 cm/year in girls, respectively). Distance curves developed in the present study and by the World Health Organization (WHO) using LMS showed similar values for L and S parameters and a higher M value compared with the WHO reference values. Conclusion This study concluded that overweight-obese children had earlier APHV and lower PHV than normal-weight children. Furthermore, Mexican children and adolescents were shorter than the WHO growth reference by age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudip Datta Banik
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies - Mérida Unit, Merida, Mexico
| | - Noel Cameron
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Anderson GM, Hill JW, Kaiser UB, Navarro VM, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Prevot V, Tena-Sempere M, Elias CF. Metabolic control of puberty: 60 years in the footsteps of Kennedy and Mitra's seminal work. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:111-123. [PMID: 38049643 PMCID: PMC10843588 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
An individual's nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy abundance. The consequences of altered pubertal timing for human health are profound. Late puberty increases the chances of cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disorders, whereas early puberty is associated with increased risks of adult obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancer. Kennedy and Mitra's trailblazing studies, published in 1963 and using experimental models, were the first to demonstrate that nutrition is a key factor in puberty onset. Building on this work, the field has advanced substantially in the past decade, which is largely due to the impressive development of molecular tools for experimentation and population genetics. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development, with a focus on perspectives and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken K Ong
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Heidarianpour A, Shokri E, Sadeghian E, Cheraghi F, Razavi Z. Combined training in addition to cortisol reduction can improve the mental health of girls with precocious puberty and obesity. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1241744. [PMID: 38027308 PMCID: PMC10680081 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1241744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and central precocious puberty (CPP) are associated with increased anxiety, depression, and anger in girls. The contribution of exercise as an efficacious component in decreasing anxiety, depression, and anger has been increasingly recognized. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effects of combined training on cortisol, anxiety, depression, and anger in overweight and obese girls with CPP. Methods The study involved 30 girls aged 7-9 years diagnosed with CPP (undergoing triptorelin treatment) and dealing with obesity. In addition, these girls scored higher than the cut-off line for anxiety, depression, and anger. The participants were divided into two groups, with 15 individuals in each group. The exercise group engaged in 60 min of combined aerobic and resistance training three times per week for a duration of 12 weeks. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any training. Throughout the study, the serum cortisol levels were measured in both groups. Anxiety, anger, and depression questionnaires were also completed at three different stages, namely, baseline, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks (after a 4-week period of detraining). Results In the exercise group, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in cortisol serum levels and anxiety, depression, and anger scores. These changes were observed consistently during detraining (P > 0.05). However, in the control group, only the depression score significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions Based on the results, it can be concluded that combined training is a method to improve the mental health of CPP girls. Clinical Trial Registration https://en.irct.ir/trial/61990, identifier IRCT20170411033378N10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elnaz Shokri
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Efat Sadeghian
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Cheraghi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razavi
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Lan H, Hu Z, Gan H, Wu L, Xie S, Jiang Y, Ye D, Ye X. Association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants and pubertal timing in boys and girls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115540. [PMID: 37801753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of abnormal pubertal timing in children has become increasingly common worldwide. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be one of the risk factors contributing to this phenomenon, but the relationship between them is unclear based on current evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of POPs exposure with pubertal timing in girls and boys by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies before June 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) or prevalence ratio (PR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. A total of 21 studies were included, involving 2479 boys and 8718 girls. The results of meta-analysis showed that exposure to POPs was significantly associated with delayed pubertal timing in girls (RR: 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.79-0.91; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between exposure to POPs and pubertal timing in boys (RR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.99-1.40; p = 0.070). Subgroup analysis showed that there may be gender differences in the effects of exposure to POPs on pubertal timing. Our results suggested that exposure to POPs could delay pubertal timing in girls. However, based on current evidence, no significant association was found between POPs exposure and pubertal timing in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Lan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhiqin Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hongya Gan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shushu Xie
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ding Ye
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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9
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Evans NP, Bellingham M, Elcombe CS, Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei M, Lea RG, Sinclair KD, Padmanabhan V. Sexually dimorphic impact of preconceptional and gestational exposure to a real-life environmental chemical mixture (biosolids) on offspring growth dynamics and puberty in sheep. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104257. [PMID: 37659607 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans are ubiquitously exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals (ECs). This study characterised changes in post-natal and peripubertal growth, and the activation of the reproductive axis, in male and female offspring of sheep exposed to a translationally relevant EC mixture (in biosolids), during pregnancy. Birthweight in both sexes was unaffected by gestational biosolids exposure. In contrast to females (unaffected), bodyweight in biosolids males was significantly lower than controls across the peripubertal period, however, they exhibited catch-up growth eventually surpassing controls. Despite weighing less, testosterone concentrations were elevated earlier, indicative of early puberty in the biosolids males. This contrasted with females in which the mean date of puberty (first progesterone cycle) was delayed. These results demonstrate that developmental EC-mixture exposure has sexually dimorphic effects on growth, puberty and the relationship between body size and puberty. Such programmed metabolic/reproductive effects could have significant impacts on human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P Evans
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher S Elcombe
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard G Lea
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kevin D Sinclair
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
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Shokri B, Heidarianpour A, Shokri E. Effect of Exercise and Detraining on Signs of Puberty and Selected Inflammatory Markers in Girls with Precocious Puberty. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1133-1142. [PMID: 36790953 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effects of aerobic exercise and detraining on adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), white blood cell, and pubertal signs (uterine length, ovarian volume, luteinizing hormone [LH], and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). METHODS Thirty girls with CPP (7-9 yr old) were randomly divided into CPP and CPP + Exercise (EX) groups. Fifteen healthy age-matched girls without precocious puberty participated for comparison with CPP. Subjects in the CPP + EX group attended 12 wk of aerobic exercise protocol three sessions a week. In the baseline, after completing the exercise protocol and after 4 wk of detraining, all the parameters were measured. In the CPP and healthy groups, all the parameters were measured in all three stages. To measure adiponectin, resistin, and TNF-α, the ELISA method was used. LH and FSH were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. White blood cell counts were analyzed by an automated blood cell counter. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the results. RESULTS CPP girls have lower adiponectin ( P = 0.01) and higher TNF-α levels ( P = 0.001) than healthy girls. In the CPP + EX group, after 12 wk, body weight and fat mass decreased, and adiponectin increased significantly ( P = 0.02). Resistin ( P = 0.02), TNF-α ( P = 0.02), neutrophils ( P = 0.01), and signs of puberty significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased. After detraining, no significant change was observed except TNF-α, which increased significantly ( P = 0.03). In the CPP group, no significant change was observed in any of the parameters; only LH ( P = 0.0001) and uterine length and ovarian volume ( P = 0.003, P = 0.001) decreased after 12 and 16 wk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise can have a positive effect on the state of inflammation and pubertal signs. Positive effects remain after 4 wk of detraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Shokri
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IRAN
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11
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Chatziravdeli V, Psaroulaki E, Rodiftsis G, Katsaras G. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Pathogenesis and Its Relation to Obesity—Where Do We Stand? A Narrative Review. SURGERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/surgeries4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common adolescent hip disorder in children 9–15 years old with an incidence that ranges from 0.33:100,000 to 24.58:100,000. Idiopathic SCFE is strongly associated with obesity, while atypical SCFE is associated with endocrinopathies, metabolic and renal disease, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In this review, we summarized the current data regarding the pathogenesis of SCFE and its association to obesity. In the last years, there have been increasing evidence regarding the implication of obesity in the pathogenesis of SCFE, but no definitive mechanism has been proven. The etiology is probably multifactorial, with both mechanical and metabolic factors contributing to the disease, with the later gaining more ground, especially in obese patients. Understanding what causes the disease will help paediatricians and orthopaedists develop more efficient strategies for treating patients and diminishing complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Chatziravdeli
- Orthopaedic Department, “Ippokrateio” Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdokia Psaroulaki
- Paediatric Department, General Hospital of Pella—Hospital Unit of Edessa, 58200 Edessa, Greece
| | - Grigoriοs Rodiftsis
- Orthopaedic Department, General Hospital of Pella—Hospital Unit of Edessa, 58200 Edessa, Greece
| | - Georgios Katsaras
- Paediatric Department, General Hospital of Pella—Hospital Unit of Edessa, 58200 Edessa, Greece
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12
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Jung H, Sung YA, Hong YS, Song DK, Hong SH, Lee H. Relationship between age at menarche and metabolic diseases in Korean postmenopausal women: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280929. [PMID: 36696408 PMCID: PMC9876285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. Early menarche may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of menarche age and the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS We analyzed 4,933 postmenopausal women (mean age: 64.7 years) using the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2016-2018. Subjects were divided into three groups according to menarche age (early menarche: ≤ 12 years (n = 451), reference: 13-16 years (n = 3,421), and late menarche: ≥ 17 years (n = 1,061)). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Women with an early menarche age were younger, more educated, and had higher income than the other groups (p-value < 0.001). There were no differences in body mass index, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and cholesterol levels among the three groups. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, early menarche age was significantly associated with the risk of diabetes (OR 1.435, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.069-1.928). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in all subjects was 41.1%. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the OR of metabolic syndrome in the early menarche group was 1.213 (95% CI: 0.971-1.515). CONCLUSION The risk of diabetes was 1.43 times higher in postmenopausal Korean women with early menarche. Although the risk of metabolic syndrome was not statistically significant, it showed a tendency to increase in the early menarche group. Our results suggest that age at menarche may be helpful in diabetes risk stratification and early interventions for postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Sung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Kyeong Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-hyeon Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Ferreira MS, Marson FAL, Wolf VLW, Zambon MP, Antonio MÂRDGM, Ribeiro JD, Mendes RT. Association between Pulmonary Function and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents with and without Obesity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:7410. [PMID: 36556026 PMCID: PMC9782625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung function in children and adolescents with obesity must consider the coexistence of two complex and related phenomena: obesity and growth. The assessment of body composition can identify changes in respiratory dynamics arising, exclusively or jointly, from adiposity and lean body mass. This study aimed to compare pulmonary function and the dysanapsis indices of children and adolescents without asthma, with and without obesity, considering body composition, pubertal development, and physical activity practice. We performed a cross-sectional study with 69 participants, 41 (59.42%) of whom have obesity. All participants carried out spirometry and the assessment of, respectively, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, vital signs, pubertal development, and physical activity practice. In our data, the group with obesity had higher values of forced vital capacity (FVC) and lower values of the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and FVC (FEV1/FVC). Analyzing the entire sample, we found a positive correlation between FVC and a negative correlation between FEV1/FVC with fat mass markers. At the same time, inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume, and peak expiratory flow were correlated with lean body mass markers. In addition, participants with obesity presented a lower dysanapsis index. In conclusion, children and adolescents with obesity showed increased FVC and reduced FEV1/FVC. Our findings are possibly related to the increase in fat mass, not to lean body mass. We hypothesize that these findings are associated with the dysanaptic growth pattern, which is higher in obesity, evidenced by the reduction of the dysanapsis index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões Ferreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lung Function, Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Teaching and Research Center of Rede Mário Gatti, Campinas 13036-902, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lung Function, Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Vaneza Lira Waldow Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lung Function, Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Mariana Porto Zambon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | - José Dirceu Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lung Function, Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Roberto Teixeira Mendes
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
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Age at Menarche, Growth Velocity, and Adiposity Indices in Italian Girls Aged 10 to 14. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121928. [PMID: 36553371 PMCID: PMC9776424 DOI: 10.3390/children9121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age at menarche (AAM) is an effective marker of puberty timing but its onset could be influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study aimed to assess the AAM in a sample of Italian adolescents and to investigate its association with anthropometric variables. Considering the rise in overweight/obesity worldwide, special attention was paid to a possible decrease in AAM as adiposity indices increase. A longitudinal study was carried out on 117 middle school girls in Northern Italy. Data concerning menarche and anthropometric traits (standing and sitting height, weight, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses) were directly collected. Lower limb length and indices of adiposity and growth were calculated. The median AAM was 11.66 (95% IC: 11.31-11.68). Age-adjusted ANCOVA between mature and non-mature girls showed significant differences in growth-related traits and WHtR. No preponderance of overweight/obesity among mature participants was found. AAM was not significantly associated with weight or the growth velocity of adiposity indices in a subsample of maturers. Moreover, the median AAM of our sample was similar to that found in women born about 60 years ago in the same region. In conclusion, in addition to a stabilization of AAM since the 1960s, our results suggest that there is no significant correlation between increased adiposity and early AAM.
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15
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Robertson OC, Marceau K, Moding KJ, Knopik VS. Developmental pathways linking obesity risk and early puberty: The thrifty phenotype and fetal overnutrition hypotheses. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Vážná A, Vignerová J, Brabec M, Novák J, Procházka B, Gabera A, Sedlak P. Influence of COVID-19-Related Restrictions on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Czech Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191911902. [PMID: 36231219 PMCID: PMC9565202 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Apart from influencing the health of the worldwide population, the COVID-19 pandemic changed the day-to-day life of all, including children. A sedentary lifestyle along with the transformation of eating and sleep habits took place in the child population. These changes created a highly obesogenic environment. Our aim was to evaluate the current weight in the child population and identify the real effects of the pandemic. Height and weight data were collected by pediatricians from the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods from 3517 children (1759 boys and 1758 girls) aged 4.71 to 17.33 years. We found a significant rise in the z-score BMI between pediatric visits in the years 2019 and 2021 in both sexes aged 7, 9, 11, and 13 years. Especially alarming were the percentages of (severely) obese boys at the ages of 9 and 11 years, which exceed even the percentages of overweight boys. With the use of statistical modeling, we registered the most dramatic increment at around 12 years of age in both sexes. Based on our research in the Czech Republic, we can confirm the predictions that were given at the beginning of the pandemic that COVID-19-related restrictions worsened the already present problem of obesity and excess weight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vážná
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vignerová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodárenskou Věží 271/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Procházka
- MUDr Bohuslav Procházka s.r.o., Radnická 635, 284 01 Kutná Hora, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Gabera
- Zdravotní Středisko Krásné Březno, U Pivovarské Zahrady 5, 400 07 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedlak
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Zheng J, Chen K, Huang T, Shao C, Li P, Wang J, Wang W, Zhang K, Meng X, Gao J, Wang X, Liu Y, Song J, Dong E, Tang YD. Genetically Determined Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Mediate the Association of Genetically Predicted Age at Menarche With Genetic Predisposition to Myocardial Infarction: A Two-Step, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:821068. [PMID: 35548428 PMCID: PMC9081496 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.821068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have shown an association between early age at menarche (AAM) and myocardial infarction (MI) with recorded cases. In this Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we used large amounts of summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to further estimate the association of genetically predicted AAM with genetically predicated risk of MI and investigate to what extent this association is mediated by genetically determined lifestyles, cardiometabolic factors, and estrogen exposure. Methods A two-step, two-sample MR study was performed by mediation analysis. Genetic variants identified by GWAS meta-analysis of reproductive genetics consortium (n = 182,416) were selected for genetically predicted AAM. Genetic variants identified by the Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis plus The Coronary Artery Disease Genetics Consortium (n = 184,305) were selected for genetically predicted risk of MI. Genetic variants from other international GWAS summary data were selected for genetically determined mediators. Results This MR study showed that increase in genetically predicted AAM was associated with lower risk of genetically predicted MI (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.98). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR analysis also showed that decrease in genetically predicted AAM was associated with higher genetically predicted alcohol intake frequency, current smoking behavior, higher waist-to-hip ratio, and higher levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and triglycerides (TGs). Furthermore, increase in genetically predicted AAM was associated with genetically predicted longer sleep duration, higher levels of high-density lipoproteins, and older age at which hormone replacement therapy was started. The most essential mediators identified were genetically predicted current smoking behavior and levels of HbA1c, SBP, and TGs, which were estimated to genetically mediate 13.9, 12.2, 10.5, and 9.2%, respectively, with a combined mediation proportion of 37.5% in the association of genetically predicted AAM with genetically predicted increased risk of MI in an MR framework. Conclusion Our MR analysis showed that increase in genetically predicted AAM was associated with lower genetically predicted risk of MI, which was substantially mediated by genetically determined current smoking behavior and levels of HbA1c, SBP, and TGs. Intervening on the above mediators may reduce the risk of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ken Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eran Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Da Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-Da Tang,
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18
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Roubinov D, Meaney MJ, Boyce WT. Change of pace: How developmental tempo varies to accommodate failed provision of early needs. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:120-134. [PMID: 34547365 PMCID: PMC8648258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of genes and environments (GxE) is a fundamental source of variation in behavioral and developmental outcomes. Although the role of developmental time (T) in the unfolding of such interactions has yet to be fully considered, GxE operates within a temporal frame of reference across multiple timescales and degrees of biological complexity. Here, we consider GxExT interactions to understand adversity-induced developmental acceleration or deceleration whereby environmental conditions hasten or hinder children's development. To date, developmental pace changes have been largely explained through a focus on the individual: for example, how adversity "wears down" aging biological systems or how adversity accelerates or decelerates maturation to optimize reproductive fitness. We broaden such theories by positing shifts in developmental pace in response to the parent-child dyad's capacity or incapacity for meeting children's early, physiological and safety needs. We describe empirical evidence and potential neurobiological mechanisms supporting this new conceptualization of developmental acceleration and deceleration. We conclude with suggestions for future research on the developmental consequences of early adverse exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Roubinov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry and Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3H 1R4, Canada; Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A ⁎STAR), 117609, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - W Thomas Boyce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
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19
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Lam BYH, Williamson A, Finer S, Day FR, Tadross JA, Gonçalves Soares A, Wade K, Sweeney P, Bedenbaugh MN, Porter DT, Melvin A, Ellacott KLJ, Lippert RN, Buller S, Rosmaninho-Salgado J, Dowsett GKC, Ridley KE, Xu Z, Cimino I, Rimmington D, Rainbow K, Duckett K, Holmqvist S, Khan A, Dai X, Bochukova EG, Trembath RC, Martin HC, Coll AP, Rowitch DH, Wareham NJ, van Heel DA, Timpson N, Simerly RB, Ong KK, Cone RD, Langenberg C, Perry JRB, Yeo GS, O'Rahilly S. MC3R links nutritional state to childhood growth and the timing of puberty. Nature 2021; 599:436-441. [PMID: 34732894 PMCID: PMC8819628 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The state of somatic energy stores in metazoans is communicated to the brain, which regulates key aspects of behaviour, growth, nutrient partitioning and development1. The central melanocortin system acts through melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) to control appetite, food intake and energy expenditure2. Here we present evidence that MC3R regulates the timing of sexual maturation, the rate of linear growth and the accrual of lean mass, which are all energy-sensitive processes. We found that humans who carry loss-of-function mutations in MC3R, including a rare homozygote individual, have a later onset of puberty. Consistent with previous findings in mice, they also had reduced linear growth, lean mass and circulating levels of IGF1. Mice lacking Mc3r had delayed sexual maturation and an insensitivity of reproductive cycle length to nutritional perturbation. The expression of Mc3r is enriched in hypothalamic neurons that control reproduction and growth, and expression increases during postnatal development in a manner that is consistent with a role in the regulation of sexual maturation. These findings suggest a bifurcating model of nutrient sensing by the central melanocortin pathway with signalling through MC4R controlling the acquisition and retention of calories, whereas signalling through MC3R primarily regulates the disposition of calories into growth, lean mass and the timing of sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Williamson
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Finer
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - F R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Tadross
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Gonçalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P Sweeney
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M N Bedenbaugh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D T Porter
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Melvin
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K L J Ellacott
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - R N Lippert
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Buller
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Rosmaninho-Salgado
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G K C Dowsett
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K E Ridley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Cimino
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Rimmington
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Rainbow
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Duckett
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Holmqvist
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Khan
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - X Dai
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - E G Bochukova
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - R C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H C Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - A P Coll
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - D H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D A van Heel
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - N Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R B Simerly
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G S Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - S O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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Carwile JL, Seshasayee SM, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Claus Henn B, Calafat AM, Sagiv SK, Oken E, Fleisch AF. Prospective associations of mid-childhood plasma per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and pubertal timing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106729. [PMID: 34171588 PMCID: PMC8380705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may disrupt pubertal timing. Higher PFAS plasma concentrations have been associated with later pubertal timing in girls, but cross-sectional findings may be explained by reverse causation. OBJECTIVES To assess prospective associations between PFAS plasma concentrations in mid-childhood and markers of pubertal timing in male and female adolescents. METHODS We studied 640 children in Project Viva, a Boston-area prospective cohort. We examined associations of plasma concentrations of 6 PFAS measured at mean 7.9 (SD 0.8) years (2007-2010) with markers of pubertal timing. Parents reported a 5-item pubertal development score at early adolescence (mean 13.1 (SD 0.8) years) and reported age at menarche annually. We calculated age at peak height velocity using research and clinical measures of height. We used sex-specific linear and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate associations of single PFAS with outcomes, and we used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to estimate associations of the PFAS mixture with outcomes. RESULTS Plasma concentrations were highest for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) [median (IQR) 6.4(5.6) ng/mL], followed by perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) [4.4(3.0) ng/mL]. In early adolescence, girls were further along in puberty than boys [pubertal development score mean (SD) 2.9 (0.7) for girls and 2.2(0.7) for boys; age at peak height velocity mean (SD) 11.2y (1.0) for girls and 13.1y (1.0) for boys]. PFAS was associated with later markers of pubertal timing in girls only. For example, each doubling of PFOA was associated with lower pubertal development score (-0.18 units; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.06) and older age at peak height velocity (0.23 years; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.40)]. We observed similar associations for PFOS, perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), and the PFAS mixture. PFAS plasma concentrations were not associated with age at menarche or markers of pubertal timing in boys. DISCUSSION Higher PFAS plasma concentrations in mid-childhood were associated with later onset of puberty in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Carwile
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA.
| | - Shravanthi M Seshasayee
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA; Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
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The role of multiparity and maternal age at first pregnancy in the association between early menarche and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1004-1011. [PMID: 34183563 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze whether maternal age at first pregnancy and parity are mediators of the association between early menarche and metabolic syndrome in a sample of middle-aged and older women. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 428 women (40 to 80 y), who had experienced a pregnancy in their lifetime, was performed between 2014 and 2016. Age at first pregnancy, parity, and early menarche were self-reported. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the criteria described by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. The association between metabolic syndrome and early menarche was assessed by logistic regression analysis. The mediating role of age at first pregnancy and multiparity in the relationship between early menarche and metabolic syndrome was assessed through mediation analysis, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS According to adjusted logistic regression models, early menarche was associated with higher odds of prevalent metabolic syndrome (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.15-4.46). Mediation analysis showed a significant direct effect of early menarche on metabolic syndrome (β: 0.808; 95% CI: 0.107-1.508). Of the two mediators tested, age at first pregnancy was significant (β: 0.065; 95% CI: 0.004-0.221), ie, participants with and without early menarche differ, on average, by 0.879 SDs in the log odds of MetS (total effect), of which 0.065 SDs (8%), on average, would be attributable to the effect of early menarche on age at first pregnancy (indirect effect), which, in turn, affects MetS. CONCLUSIONS Age at first pregnancy may partially contribute to the association between early menarche and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older women who had experienced a pregnancy over their lifetime.
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Hong YH, Woo YJ, Lee JH, Shin YL, Lim HS. Association between Dietary Habits and Parental Health with Obesity among Children with Precocious Puberty. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7110220. [PMID: 33171583 PMCID: PMC7695188 DOI: 10.3390/children7110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Precocious puberty, resulting in various physical, mental, and social changes, may have negative consequences for children and their families. In this study, we investigated whether there were differences between parental obesity, children's and parent's awareness of body shape, and dietary habits according to obesity levels in children with precocious puberty. A total of 193 children (93.3% girls) diagnosed with precocious puberty were classified into three groups according to their obesity levels. Negative body shape awareness and dissatisfaction were significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal-weight group, and parents were more likely to perceive their children as fat than the children themselves. In addition, the obesity rate of parents in the obese group was higher, and the body mass indexes of children and parents were significantly correlated. The nutrition quotients (NQs) were revealed to be significantly lower in the obese group with significantly lower scores. The significant factors related to obesity were the awareness of a fatty body image and dissatisfaction, obesity of the parents, and the NQ. The results show that obese children with precocious puberty were more vulnerable to negative lifestyle, family environment, and self-esteem effects than their normal-weight peers. Therefore, various interventions, such as environmental management, psychological support, and nutrition education, are needed that focus on the obesity and health conditions of children with precocious puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hee Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (Y.H.H.); (Y.J.W.); (Y.-L.S.)
| | - Yeon Ju Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (Y.H.H.); (Y.J.W.); (Y.-L.S.)
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Gumi 39371, Korea;
| | - Young-Lim Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea; (Y.H.H.); (Y.J.W.); (Y.-L.S.)
| | - Hee-Sook Lim
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Yeonsung University, Anyang 14011, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in the prepuberal stage has been directly associated with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Serum insulin level increases in the prepuberal and adolescence stage, to a greater extent in the obese population. The main objective of this article was to analyze the relationship between insulin levels and SCFE. METHODS A case-control study was conducted between January 2018 and April 2019. The study group was formed with patients with SCFE and the control group with patients from the pediatric obesity clinic of our hospital selected during their initial evaluation. None were being treated for obesity. Anthropometric measurements of size, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were taken. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-height index of all patients were calculated. According to BMI for age, they were classified as normal, overweight, or obese. Serum determinations of glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and complete blood count were analyzed. Insulin resistance was diagnosed with Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) >3. Insulin levels >13 U/mL for girls and >17 U/mL for boys were considered as hyperinsulinemia. RESULTS We studied 14 patients with SCFE and 23 in the control group. The mean age and BMI in both groups were similar. The elevation of serum insulin was significantly higher in the SCFE group (P=0.001) as was HOMA (P=0.005). Triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein were higher in the SCFE group (P=0.037 and 0.009, respectively). Glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and neutrophils showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SCFE showed elevated levels of insulin, HOMA, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein, even higher than the control group. Our study demonstrates a significant association between abnormally high serum insulin levels and SCFE. The known effects of insulin on growth cartilage may explain the physeal mechanical insufficiency to support the abnormally high or repetitive loads in accelerated growth stages that lead to SCFE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-case-control, prognostic study.
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Yoshii K, Isojima T, Piedvache A, Morisaki N, Tanaka T, Nagata S. Reduced pubertal growth in children with obesity regardless of pubertal timing. Endocr J 2020; 67:477-484. [PMID: 32009029 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity affects both pubertal growth and pubertal timing. We evaluated pubertal timing-mediated effects of childhood obesity on pubertal growth. This retrospective, representative-population-based cohort study included 6,733 boys and 6,916 girls born between April 1975 and March 1976 in Akita Prefecture, Japan. Individual changes in height standard deviation score between 7 and 17 years (ΔHtSDS), body mass index Z-score at 7 years (BMIZ), and estimated age at peak height velocity (ÂPHV) were used as surrogate indicators of pubertal growth, childhood obesity and pubertal timing, respectively. ÂPHV-mediated effect of BMIZ on ΔHtSDS was evaluated, and non-ÂPHV-mediated effect was calculated. Based on BMIZ, participants were categorized into three groups (underweight, normal-weight and obese groups), and the differences in ΔHtSDS between obese and normal-weight or underweight groups and ratios of non-ÂPHV-mediated effect were determined. ΔHtSDS values in the obese group were lower by 1.23 in boys and 1.17 in girls than those in the underweight group and by 0.87 in boys and 0.85 in girls than those in the normal-weight group. Non-ÂPHV-mediated effect on the reduced ΔHtSDS in the obese group compared to the underweight and normal-weight groups accounted for 68% and 71% in boys and 59% and 64% in girls, respectively. Thus, childhood obesity is associated with reduced pubertal growth regardless of pubertal timing. This reduced pubertal growth observed in children with obesity could be more affected by non-pubertal timing-mediated effect rather than pubertal timing-mediated effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshii
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Isojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Aurélie Piedvache
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Hilal G, Fatma T, Ferruh Y, Sabire G, Yüksel A. Effect of high-fat diet on the various morphological parameters of the ovary. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:58-67. [PMID: 32274250 PMCID: PMC7118267 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased food consumption rich in fat and carbohydrate and sedentary lifestyle have seriously increased the rates of obesity and obesity-associated diseases in developed countries. Female mice with diet-induced obesity exhibit infertility and thus can serve as a model for human polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of the present study was to examine how ovary is affected by diet-induced obesity. The effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on ovary morphology in mice fed with HFD were investigated using unbiased stereological methods. The ovary of mice fed with HFD (n=8, C1090-60, Altromine) for 9 weeks, were compared with that of mice fed with standard chow diet (n=8, C1090-10, Altromine). Stereological parameters were obtained in diestrus cycle. The samples were processed through routine and standard paraffin embedding and were serially sectioned in 5-µm thickness then, every 10th section was saved, stained with Crossman's triple stain for counting and measuring. In all sampled sections mean follicle numbers, diameters, total ovarian volume cortex to medulla ratio (Vv), ovum to cell ratio in secondary follicle were examined in all sampled sections. The present results showed that weight of ovarian and amount of intraperitoneal adipose tissue and the body weight markedly increased in obese mice when compared with control groups. Moreover, follicle numbers (except primordial follicles) and diameters were significantly increased in obese mice. Cortex to medulla ratio (Vv) and ovum to cell ratio in secondary follicle were also considerably different between experimental and the control groups. The present findings indicate that obesity adversely affects overall ovarian morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gören Hilal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Topal Fatma
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Yücel Ferruh
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Güler Sabire
- Department of Histology Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aydar Yüksel
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Johnson W, Norris T, Bann D, Cameron N, Wells JK, Cole TJ, Hardy R. Differences in the relationship of weight to height, and thus the meaning of BMI, according to age, sex, and birth year cohort. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:199-207. [PMID: 32429756 PMCID: PMC7261404 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1737731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Weight can be adjusted for height using the Benn parameter (kg/mB), where B is the power that minimises the correlation with height.Aim: To investigate how the Benn parameter changes across age (10-65 years) and time (1956-2015) and differs between sexes.Subjects and methods: The sample comprised 49,717 individuals born in 1946, 1958, 1970 or 2001. Cross-sectional estimates of the Benn parameter were produced and cohort differences at ages 10/11 and 42/43 years were examined using linear regression. Multilevel modelling was used to develop trajectories showing how the Benn parameter changed over age from childhood to mid-adulthood in the three older cohorts.Results: The Benn parameter was closest to 2 in childhood but consistently lower across adulthood, particularly in females and the most recent cohort. At ages 10/11 years, the Benn parameter was greater than 3 in both sexes in the 2001 cohort but between 2.2 and 2.7 in the three older cohorts. This difference was estimated to be +0.67 (0.53, 0.81) in males and +0.53 (0.38, 0.68) in females, compared to the 1946 cohort, and was driven by a much higher weight SD in the 2001 cohort. Conversely, at ages 42/43 years, the Benn parameter was lowest in the 1970 cohort due to a slightly lower weight-height correlation. This difference was estimated to be -0.12 (-0.34, 0.10) in males and -0.15 (-0.42, 0.13) in females, compared to the 1946 cohort.Conclusions: Changes over time in the obesogenic environment appear to have firstly reduced the Benn parameter due to a lowering of the weight-height correlation but secondly and more drastically increased the Benn parameter due to increasing weight variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Tom Norris
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Noël Cameron
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Tim J. Cole
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- CLOSER, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
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A 9-year longitudinal study on trajectories of aggressive and depressive symptoms in male and female children with overweight. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:710. [PMID: 31666127 PMCID: PMC6820918 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this four waves 9-year longitudinal study was to examine aggressive/depressive symptoms trajectories in a sample of N = 90 children with overweight and a matched group of children with normal weight (subjects balanced by sex and sociodemographic characteristics). Weight and height were measured by pediatricians to calculate body mass index (BMI). Aggressive/depressive symptoms were measured through the Child Behavior Check-List filled out by children's parents. Multilevel modeling was used to obtain the best fitting curves describing the change over time in aggression and depression scores. These analyses were performed by sex and group. RESULTS Children with overweight showed a general increase of aggressive symptoms over time, with a peak at 8 years of age in males, whereas scores of the control group decreased over time both in males and in females. Female children with overweight showed increasing levels of depressive symptoms, with a peak at 8 years of age; children with normal weight, instead, showed low scores at all assessment points. The results highlight the importance of considering the developmental trajectories of aggression and depression in children of different weight status.
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Tompuri TT, Jääskeläinen J, Lindi V, Laaksonen DE, Eloranta AM, Viitasalo A, Laitinen T, Lakka TA. Adiposity Criteria in Assessing Increased Cardiometabolic Risk in Prepubertal Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:410. [PMID: 31293520 PMCID: PMC6606693 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Adiposity induces the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, and pediatric adiposity is a better indicator for adulthood cardiometabolic diseases than pediatric metabolic syndrome. However, the observed prevalence of pediatric adiposity depends on the methods and cut-points used. Therefore, we aimed to define diagnostic criteria for adiposity which enable more valid identification of prepubertal children at increased cardiometabolic risk. Methods: The participants were 470 prepubertal children (249 boys) aged 6-8 years. The measures of adiposity included body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (BF%) assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Criteria for adiposity were determined by increased cardiometabolic risk. Cardiometabolic risk factors which correlated with BF% assessed by DXA in the upper but not lower half of BF% (serum insulin and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and uric acid) were included in the cardiometabolic risk score (CMS). We computed receiver operating characteristics curves for the measures of adiposity using the ≥90th percentile of CMS as a measure of increased cardiometabolic risk, and local regression curves were graphed to demonstrate the associations of the measures of adiposity with CMS. Results: In girls, WHtR of 0.445 (area under curve 0.778, its 95% confidence interval 0.65-0.91, sensitivity and specificity 0.73) and BF% of 19.5% assessed by BIA (0.801, 0.70-0.90, 0.73) were the best overall criteria for increased cardiometabolic risk. In boys, BMI-SDS of 0.48 (0.833, 0.75-0.92, 0.76) was the best overall criterion for increased cardiometabolic risk. While local regression curves in girls showed that WHtR of 0.445 corresponds well to a point where CMS began to increase, in boys local regression curves suggest that CMS began to increase even at a lower level of BMI-SDS than 0.48. Moreover, the diagnostic ability of the measures of adiposity to exclude increased cardiometabolic risk was poorer than the ability to detect it. Conclusions: In general, the measures of adiposity have sufficient diagnostic accuracy to be utilized as the screening tool for increased cardiometabolic risk. The observed cut-points for adiposity were lower than the traditional cut-points for adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Tapani Tompuri
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Sense4Health Ltd., Kontio, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Antero Lakka
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Wu S, Zhang Y, De Luca F. The effect of a high-calorie diet on bone growth is mediated by the insulin receptor. Bone 2019; 122:166-175. [PMID: 30798001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obese children grow faster than their normal-weight peers. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been associated with obesity-related growth acceleration. To determine whether obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia promotes bone growth by activating the insulin receptor in the growth plate, we generated TamCartIRflox/flox mice. The injection of 4 doses of tamoxifen in these mice (beginning at postnatal day 5th with 2 days interval between injections) resulted in the Insulin Receptor (IR) gene excision exclusively in the cartilage. TamCartIRflox/flox tamoxifen-treated mice (KO mice) and their IRflox/flox control littermates (C mice) at 3 weeks of age were exposed to a standard or hypercaloric (high-fat) diet for 4 weeks. At the end of study, C and KO mice fed with a high-fat diet exhibited greater weight gain than the respective strains fed with a standard diet. Body and tibial growth and growth plate height of C mice fed with high-fat diet were greater than those of standard-diet-fed C mice; however, no difference was observed between KO mice fed with standard or high-fat diet with respect to body and tibial growth and growth plate height. Circulating levels of insulin, IGF-1 and leptin were significantly higher in C and KO mice exposed to high-fat diet compared to those in the same strain exposed to standard diet. Increased phosphorylation of Akt (one of the intracellular mediators of insulin action in bone) in the growth plate of C mice on high-fat diet (compared to those on standard diet) suggests that high-fat-mediated increased circulating insulin levels may directly affect growth plate function and bone growth. High-fat diet was not associated with any change of Akt phosphorylation in KO mice. In addition, in vitro studies in cultured primary chondrocytes revealed that Akt mediates the stimulatory effects of insulin on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. In conclusion, the activation of the insulin receptor in the growth plate of mice fed with a hypercaloric diet stimulates skeletal growth and growth plate chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wu
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061. PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061. PR China
| | - Francesco De Luca
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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Hill JW, Elias CF. Neuroanatomical Framework of the Metabolic Control of Reproduction. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2349-2380. [PMID: 30109817 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A minimum amount of energy is required for basic physiological processes, such as protein biosynthesis, thermoregulation, locomotion, cardiovascular function, and digestion. However, for reproductive function and survival of the species, extra energy stores are necessary. Production of sex hormones and gametes, pubertal development, pregnancy, lactation, and parental care all require energy reserves. Thus the physiological systems that control energy homeostasis and reproductive function coevolved in mammals to support both individual health and species subsistence. In this review, we aim to gather scientific knowledge produced by laboratories around the world on the role of the brain in integrating metabolism and reproduction. We describe essential neuronal networks, highlighting key nodes and potential downstream targets. Novel animal models and genetic tools have produced substantial advances, but critical gaps remain. In times of soaring worldwide obesity and metabolic dysfunction, understanding the mechanisms by which metabolic stress alters reproductive physiology has become crucial for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Hill
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio ; and Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol F Elias
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine , Toledo, Ohio ; and Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Kutesa AM, Ndagire B, Nabaggala GS, Mwesigwa CL, Kalyango J, Rwenyonyi CM. Socioeconomic and nutritional factors associated with age of eruption of third molar tooth among Ugandan adolescents. J Forensic Dent Sci 2019; 11:22-27. [PMID: 31680752 PMCID: PMC6822313 DOI: 10.4103/jfo.jfds_37_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the influence of socioeconomic and nutritional factors on the age of eruption of the mandibular third molar among Ugandans aged 10–20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Mutebi Kutesa
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Barbara Ndagire
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Ssanyu Nabaggala
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Catherine Lutalo Mwesigwa
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joan Kalyango
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Mugisha Rwenyonyi
- Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Kim Y, Je Y. Early Menarche and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 28:77-86. [PMID: 30285527 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.6998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between age at menarche and metabolic syndrome was inconsistent across studies and remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the association between age at menarche and risk of metabolic syndrome, comprehensively. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases were searched for all articles published through May 2017, and the reference lists of the retrieved articles were reviewed. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model through combining the study-specific estimates adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Sixteen observational studies were eligible for the meta-analysis of age at menarche and metabolic syndrome, which included 13,657 cases among 51,453 subjects. The pooled RR of metabolic syndrome for the youngest versus the oldest categories of age at menarche was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.40-1.88) (p for heterogeneity = 0.01, I2 = 57.3%). The analysis of 1-year decrease in age at menarche conferred a pooled RR of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.15), suggesting an 8% increase in risk of metabolic syndrome. The association between age at menarche and the risk of metabolic syndrome did not vary by study design, geographical region, number of subjects, and adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings from the current meta-analysis suggest that earlier menarcheal age is associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Age at menarche may help identify women with higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Further well-designed cohort studies are warranted to provide definitive evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngyo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Pasquali R, Gambineri A. New perspectives on the definition and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1123-1135. [PMID: 29363047 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing debate on the opportunity of improving the understanding in the diagnosis and management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE This review article summarizes recent research related to the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Review of the recent literature on the topic. RESULTS New ideas on the definition of hyperandrogenism, based on new scientific data and clinical perspectives are presented. (i) In fact, recent studies have pointed out the need to improve the concept of androgen excess by using a larger androgen profile, rather than simply measuring the testosterone blood levels. (ii) Due to the poor correlation between androgen blood levels and the degree of hirsutism, it is proposed that the definition of hyperandrogenism should be based on the presence of blood androgen excess and hirsutism, considered separately, because their pathophysiological mechanisms may differ according to the different phenotypes of PCOS. (iii) The potential role of obesity in favoring the development of PCOS during adolescence is also discussed and the concept of "PCOS secondary to obesity" is developed. (iv) Finally, the need for greater appropriateness in the evaluation of possible coexistence is highlighted, in patients with PCOS who have fasting or glucose-stimulated very high insulin levels, or severe insulin-resistant states. CONCLUSIONS Based on what was discussed in this review, we believe that there are margins for modifying some of the current criteria that define the various PCOS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pasquali
- University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- , Via Santo Stefano 38, 40125, Bologna, Italy.
| | - A Gambineri
- Unit of Endocrinology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Díaz-Aguila Y, Cuevas-Romero E, Castelán F, Martínez-Gómez M, Rodríguez-Antolín J, Nicolás-Toledo L. Chronic stress and high sucrose intake cause distinctive morphometric effects in the adrenal glands of post-weaned rats. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:565-574. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1499961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Díaz-Aguila
- Doctorate Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - E Cuevas-Romero
- Tlaxcala Center of Behavioral Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - F Castelán
- Tlaxcala Center of Behavioral Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute of Research Biomedical, National Autonomous University of México, México-CDMX, México
| | - M Martínez-Gómez
- Tlaxcala Center of Behavioral Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute of Research Biomedical, National Autonomous University of México, México-CDMX, México
| | - J Rodríguez-Antolín
- Tlaxcala Center of Behavioral Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - L Nicolás-Toledo
- Tlaxcala Center of Behavioral Biology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
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Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Erriu M, Jezek S, Almenara CA, Tambelli R. Trajectories of aggressive and depressive symptoms in male and female overweight children: Do they share a common path or do they follow different routes? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190731. [PMID: 29304081 PMCID: PMC5755891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood overweight is a major social and public health issue, and primary assessment should focus on early and middle childhood, because weight gain in these phases constitutes a strong predictor of subsequent negative outcomes. Studies on community samples have shown that growth curves may follow linear or non-linear trajectories from early to middle childhood, and can differ based on sex. Overweight children may exhibit a combination of physiological and psychosocial issues, and several studies have demonstrated an association between overweight and internalizing/externalizing behavior. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of longitudinal studies on depressive and aggressive symptoms in children with high BMI. This study adopted a growth curve modeling over three phases to: (1) describe BMI trajectories in two groups of children aged 2–8 (overweight and normal weight) from a community sample; (2) describe the developmental trajectories of children’s aggressive and depressive symptoms from 2 to 8 years of age. Results indicate higher BMI in 2-year-old girls, with males catching up with them by age 8. While overweight females’ BMIs were consistently high, males’ increased at 5 and 8 years. The mean scores for aggressive symptoms at T1 (2 years of age) were the same in all subjects, but a significant deviation occurred from T1 to T2 in both samples, in divergent directions. With regards to children’s depressive symptoms, the two groups had different starting points, with normal weight children scoring lower than overweight youths. Overweight females showed lower depressive scores than overweight males at T1, but they surpassed boys before T2, and showed more maladaptive symptoms at T3. This study solicits professionals working in pediatric settings to consider overweight children’s psychopathological risk, and to be aware that even when children’s BMI does not increase from 2 to 8 years, their psychopathological symptoms may grow in intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cerniglia
- International Telematic University Uninettuno, Psychology Faculty, Department of Psychology, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Erriu
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislav Jezek
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos A. Almenara
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Faculty of Psychology, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
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Srilanchakon K, Thadsri T, Jantarat C, Thengyai S, Nosoognoen W, Supornsilchai V. Higher phthalate concentrations are associated with precocious puberty in normal weight Thai girls. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:1293-1298. [PMID: 29176028 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of precocious puberty may be associated with genetics and other conditions such as central nervous system (CNS) insults, or the exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Phthalates is known to be one of the EDCs and have estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and may be associated with advanced puberty. The objective of the study was to determine the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and advanced puberty. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with precocious puberty (breast onset <8 years, n=42) and early puberty (breast onset 8-9 years, n=17), compared to age-matched controls (n=77). Anthropometric measurements, estradiol, basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, uterine sizes, ovarian diameters and bone ages (BA) were obtained. Urine samples were collected and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and adjusted with urine creatinine. RESULTS The median adjusted-MEP concentration in girls with precocious puberty, was greater than in normal girls (6105.09 vs. 4633.98 μg/g Cr: p<0.05), and had the same trend among early puberty and normal puberty (5141.41 vs. 4633.98 μg/g Cr: p=0.4), but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Precocious puberty girls had an association with increased MEP concentration. This is the first report of the association between urinary phthalate levels and precocious puberty in Thai girls.
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Pitynski-Miller D, Ross M, Schmill M, Schambow R, Fuller T, Flynn FW, Skinner DC. A high salt diet inhibits obesity and delays puberty in the female rat. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1685-1692. [PMID: 28674441 PMCID: PMC5675756 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Processed foods are considered major contributors to the worldwide obesity epidemic. In addition to high sugar and fat contents, processed foods contain large amounts of salt. Owing to the correlations with rising adiposity, salt has recently been proposed to be obesogenic. This study investigated three hypotheses: (i) high salt contributes to weight gain and adiposity in juvenile female rats, (ii) puberty onset would be altered because salt is known to affect neuronal systems involved in activating the reproductive system, and (iii) enhanced adiposity will act synergistically with salt to drive early puberty onset. DESIGN Female weanling rats (post-natal day 21, n=105) were fed a low fat/low salt diet, low fat/high salt diet, high fat/low salt diet or a high salt/high fat diet for 24 days. Metabolic measures, including weight gain, food intake, fecal output, activity and temperature were recorded in subsets of animals. RESULTS Body weight, retroperitoneal and perirenal fat pad weight, and adipocyte size were all lower in animals fed high fat/high salt compared with animals fed high fat alone. Leptin levels were reduced in high fat/high salt fed animals compared with high fat/low salt-fed animals. Daily calorie intake was higher initially but declined with adjusted food intake and was not different among groups after 5 days. Osmolality and corticosterone were not different among groups. Fecal analysis showed excess fat excretion and a decreased digestive efficiency in animals fed high fat/low salt but not in animals fed high fat/high salt. Although respiratory exchange ratio was reduced by high dietary fat or salt, aerobic-resting metabolic rate was not affected by the diet. High salt delayed puberty onset, regardless of dietary fat content. CONCLUSIONS Salt delays puberty and prevents the obesogenic effect of a high fat diet. The reduced weight gain evident in high salt-fed animals is not due to differences in food intake or digestive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori Pitynski-Miller
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Micah Ross
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Margaret Schmill
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Rachel Schambow
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Teresa Fuller
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Francis W. Flynn
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Donal C. Skinner
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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Hur JH, Park S, Jung MK, Kang SJ, Kwon A, Chae HW, Kim HS, Kim DH. Insulin resistance and bone age advancement in girls with central precocious puberty. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 22:176-182. [PMID: 29025204 PMCID: PMC5642083 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2017.22.3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Precocious puberty has significantly increased recently. While obesity is associated with puberty timing, the relationship between obesity and central precocious puberty (CPP) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether insulin resistance is associated with bone age (BA) advancement in girls with CPP. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the records of 804 girls referred for puberty evaluation. Anthropometric measurements, BA, sex hormone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin levels, lipid profiles, and gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation tests were assessed. Insulin resistance parameters were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) models. RESULTS BA, BA advancement, free estradiol index, insulin, and HOMA-IR increased significantly in girls with high body mass index (BMI) compared with that of girls with low BMI in cases of CPP. HOMA-IR was positively correlated with BA advancement and BMI but negatively correlated with SHBG. QUICKI was negatively correlated with BA advancement and BMI and positively correlated with SHBG. When HOMA-IR increased by 1, the odds for BA advancement increased 120% after adjusting for age and BMI (P=0.033). CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance could be associated with BA advancement in girls with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Hur
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sora Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mo Kyung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Hyun Wook Chae, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5016-8539 Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel: +82-2-2019-3355 Fax: +82-2-3461-9473 E-mail:
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Islam MS, Hussain MA, Islam S, Mahumud RA, Biswas T, Islam SMS. Age at menarche and its socioeconomic determinants among female students in an urban area in Bangladesh. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2017; 12:88-92. [PMID: 28477938 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the age at menarche and its socioeconomic determinants among urban female students (n=680) in Bangladesh. The mean age of the respondents was 14±1.43years. Majority of the respondents were unmarried (98.4%). The mean age at menarche was 11.6±3.6years, median 12years. Almost one-third (35.7%) of the participants had menarche at the age of 12years. There was no statistically significant difference between age at menarche before and after 12years with the socio-economic characteristics, except education (p=<0.001). In the multivariate model, only higher education was statistically significant predictor of age at menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Serajul Islam
- Department of Community Medicine, Ad-din Sakina Medical College, Jessore, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Altaf Hussain
- Department of Community Medicine, Ad-din Sakina Medical College, Jessore, Bangladesh.
| | - Saimul Islam
- Center for International Health (CIH), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- Department of Community Medicine, Ad-din Sakina Medical College, Jessore, Bangladesh.
| | - Tuhin Biswas
- Department of Community Medicine, Ad-din Sakina Medical College, Jessore, Bangladesh.
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Department of Community Medicine, Ad-din Sakina Medical College, Jessore, Bangladesh; Center for Equity and Health Systems, International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Yang WJ, Ko KH, Lee KH, Hwang IT, Oh YJ. The different effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy on body mass index and growth between normal-weight and overweight girls with central precocious puberty. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 22:49-54. [PMID: 28443259 PMCID: PMC5401822 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2017.22.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment on body mass index (BMI) are controversial in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). We therefore evaluated auxological parameters during GnRHa therapy in patients with CPP, specifically focusing on changes in BMI. METHODS Seventy-seven girls with idiopathic CPP who underwent GnRHa therapy were retrospectively recruited. We investigated BMI changes during the treatment period after stratifying them according to baseline BMI status as follows: normal (BMI percentile of <85th) and overweight groups (BMI percentile of ≥85th). RESULTS The incidence of overweight/obesity (40.3%/23.4%) was very high in the girls with CPP. In the overall study population, no significant BMI change was observed during the GnRHa treatment period. However, when stratified according to baseline BMI status, the normal-weight group showed a significant increase in BMI-standard deviation score (SDS), whereas the overweight group showed no change in BMI-SDS. Baseline BMI-SDS was an independent predictor of changes in BMI during the GnRHa treatment period. Changes in weight-SDS were similar, but changes in height-SDS were significantly greater in the overweight group than in the normal-weight group, which explains the observed difference in BMI-SDS. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the difference in the pattern of BMI changes among our CPP patients suggests that delayed puberty induced by GnRHa treatment may have different effects on linear growth according to baseline body composition. This study underscores the importance of individualized lifestyle intervention in CPP children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun Hyeok Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kon Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Joung Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Supornsilchai V, Jantarat C, Nosoognoen W, Pornkunwilai S, Wacharasindhu S, Soder O. Increased levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in Thai girls with precocious puberty. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:1233-1239. [PMID: 26812862 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports on the secular trend of pubertal onset indicate a recent earlier start especially in girls. Bisphenol A (BPA), which posses estrogenic activity, might be a cause of advanced puberty. The objective of the study was to determine the association between BPA and advanced puberty. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with advanced puberty (n=41) compared to age-matched controls (n=47). Anthropometric measurements, estradiol, basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, uterine sizes, ovarian diameters and bone ages were obtained. Urinary BPA concentrations were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MSMS) with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.05 ng/mL. RESULTS The median adjust-BPA concentration in advanced puberty group was higher than in control groups [1.44 vs. 0.59 μg/g creatinine (Cr): p<0.05]. We also found that the median adjust-BPA concentration in girls with advanced puberty who were overweight/obese, was greater than in the normal pubertal overweight/obese girls (1.74 vs. 0.59 μg/g Cr: p<0.05), and was in the same trend among normal weight girls with advanced and normal puberty (0.83 vs. 0.49 μg/g Cr: p=0.09), but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that BPA exposure appears to be related to an earlier age at onset of puberty especially in obese girls.
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Onset of Puberty in Relation to Obesity. Indian Pediatr 2016; 53:379-80. [PMID: 27254042 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-016-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Association of age at menarche with metabolic syndrome and components of metabolic syndrome in premenopausal women, Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey VI. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-016-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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44
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Pediatric Obesity: Pharmacokinetics and Implications for Drug Dosing. Clin Ther 2015; 37:1897-923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Carwile JL, Willett WC, Wang M, Rich-Edwards J, Frazier AL, Michels KB. Milk Consumption after Age 9 Years Does Not Predict Age at Menarche. J Nutr 2015; 145:1900-8. [PMID: 26136590 PMCID: PMC4516774 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.214270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular milk consumption during childhood and adolescence is recommended for bone health. However, milk consumption increases circulating insulin-like growth factor I concentrations, and may also accelerate puberty. OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated the association between milk consumption and age at menarche in the Growing Up Today Study. METHODS Study participants were 5583 US girls who were premenarcheal and ages 9-14 y in 1996. Girls were followed through 2001, at which time 97% of noncensored participants had reported menarche. Frequency of milk and meat consumption was calculated with the use of annual youth/adolescent food frequency questionnaires from 1996-1998. Intake of related nutrients was also measured. Age at menarche was self-reported annually through 2001. RESULTS During follow-up, 5227 girls attained menarche over 10,555 accrued person-years. In models adjusted for dietary and sociodemographic predictors of menarche, frequency of milk consumption did not predict age at onset of menarche (for >3 glasses of milk/d vs. 1.1-4 glasses/wk, HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.04). After additional adjustment for body size, premenarcheal girls consuming >3 glasses of milk daily were 13% less likely (95% CI: -3%, -23%; P-trend: <0.01) to attain menarche in the next month relative to those consuming 1.1-4 glasses/wk. Neither total meat nor red meat consumption was associated with age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that regular consumption of milk in girls aged ≥9 y is unlikely to substantially affect age at onset of menarche. Studies assessing associations between diet in early childhood and pubertal timing may be more illuminating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Epidemiology,,Nutrition, and,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Molin Wang
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Janet Rich-Edwards
- Departments of Epidemiology,,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA; and
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Departments of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
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46
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Gender Bias in U.S. Pediatric Growth Hormone Treatment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11099. [PMID: 26057697 PMCID: PMC4650610 DOI: 10.1038/srep11099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) treatment of idiopathic short stature (ISS), defined as height <−2.25 standard deviations (SD), is approved by U.S. FDA. This study determined the gender-specific prevalence of height <−2.25 SD in a pediatric primary care population, and compared it to demographics of U.S. pediatric GH recipients. Data were extracted from health records of all patients age 0.5–20 years with ≥ 1 recorded height measurement in 28 regional primary care practices and from the four U.S. GH registries. Height <−2.25 SD was modeled by multivariable logistic regression against gender and other characteristics. Of the 189,280 subjects, 2073 (1.1%) had height <−2.25 SD. No gender differences in prevalence of height <−2.25 SD or distribution of height Z-scores were found. In contrast, males comprised 74% of GH recipients for ISS and 66% for all indications. Short stature was associated (P < 0.0001) with history of prematurity, race/ethnicity, age and Medicaid insurance, and inversely related (P < 0.0001) with BMI Z-score. In conclusion, males outnumbered females almost 3:1 for ISS and 2:1 for all indications in U.S. pediatric GH registries despite no gender difference in height <−2.25 SD in a large primary care population. Treatment and/or referral bias was the likely cause of male predominance among GH recipients.
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47
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Lee CH, Kang KT, Weng WC, Lee PL, Hsu WC. Quality of life after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: short-term and long-term results. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:210-5. [PMID: 25555637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess short-term and long-term changes in quality of life after adenotonsillectomy (T&A) in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Children aged 2-18 years old were enrolled. All subjects had clinical symptoms, overnight polysomnography diagnosis of OSA, and received T&A as treatment. Caregivers were asked to complete the OSA-18 survey before surgery, within 6 months after surgery (short-term), and more than 6 months after surgery (long-term). RESULTS A total of 114 children were included (mean age, 7.0±3.5 years; 75% boys). The mean OSA-18 total score was 71.5±16.0 before surgery. After surgery, the mean OSA-18 total score was significantly decreased in both the short-term (40.3±12.2, p<0.001) and the long-term (42.0±13.7, p<0.001). All five OSA-18 domains were also significantly decreased during short-term and long-term postoperative follow up (p<0.001). Short-term and long-term outcomes were compared. Mean OSA-18 total scores, sleep disturbance score, emotional distress score, daytime function score, and caregiver concerns score did not differ significantly between the short-term and long-term periods, while the physical symptom score was slightly higher in the long-term than the short-term period (9.7±3.3 vs. 8.7±3.0, p=0.02). Additionally, the physical symptoms score was higher in the long-term period in the female (p=0.01), older age (>6 years) (p=0.03), and non-obese (p=0.04) subgroups. CONCLUSION T&A improves short-term and long-term quality of life in children with OSA. Nevertheless, caregivers observed children with aggravation of physical symptoms of quality of life during long-term follow up, especially in the female, older, and non-obese subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tai Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Weng
- Sleep Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Lee
- Sleep Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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48
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Carwile JL, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E, Rich-Edwards J, Frazier AL, Michels KB. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and age at menarche in a prospective study of US girls. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:675-83. [PMID: 25628346 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption associated with age at menarche? SUMMARY ANSWER More frequent SSB consumption was associated with earlier menarche in a population of US girls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY SSB consumption is associated with metabolic changes that could potentially impact menarcheal timing, but direct associations with age at menarche have yet to be investigated. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The Growing up Today Study, a prospective cohort study of 16 875 children of Nurses' Health Study II participants residing in all 50 US states. This analysis followed 5583 girls, aged 9-14 years and premenarcheal at baseline, between 1996 and 2001. During 10 555 person-years of follow-up, 94% (n = 5227) of girls reported their age at menarche, and 3% (n = 159) remained premenarcheal in 2001; 4% (n = 197) of eligible girls were censored, primarily for missing age at menarche. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Cumulative updated SSB consumption (composed of non-carbonated fruit drinks, sugar-sweetened soda and iced tea) was calculated using annual Youth/Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaires from 1996 to 1998. Age at menarche was self-reported annually. The association between SSB consumption and age at menarche was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE More frequent SSB consumption predicted earlier menarche. At any given age between 9 and 18.5 years, premenarcheal girls who reported consuming >1.5 servings of SSBs per day were, on average, 24% more likely [95% confidence interval (CI): 13, 36%; P-trend: <0.001] to attain menarche in the next month relative to girls consuming ≤2 servings of SSBs weekly, adjusting for potential confounders including height, but not BMI (considered an intermediate). Correspondingly, girls consuming >1.5 SSBs daily had an estimated 2.7-month earlier menarche (95% CI: -4.1, -1.3 months) relative to those consuming ≤2 SSBs weekly. The frequency of non-carbonated fruit drink (P-trend: 0.03) and sugar-sweetened soda (P-trend: 0.001), but not iced tea (P-trend: 0.49), consumption also predicted earlier menarche. The effect of SSB consumption on age at menarche was observed in every tertile of baseline BMI. Diet soda and fruit juice consumption were not associated with age at menarche. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although we adjusted for a variety of suspected confounders, residual confounding is possible. We did not measure SSB consumption during early childhood, which may be an important window of exposure. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS More frequent SSB consumption may predict earlier menarche through mechanisms other than increased BMI. Our findings provide further support for public health efforts to reduce SSB consumption. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The Growing up Today Study is supported by grant R03 CA 106238. J.L.C. was supported by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Training Grant T32ES007069 in Environmental Epidemiology from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health; and Training Grant T32HD060454 in Reproductive, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. A.L.F. is supported by the American Cancer Society, Research Scholar Grant in Cancer Control. K.B.M. was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (Public Health Service grants R01CA158313 and R03CA170952). There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carwile
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - W C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - D Spiegelman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - E Hertzmark
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A L Frazier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Addo OY, Miller BS, Lee PA, Hediger ML, Himes JH. Age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone, inhibin B, and body composition in preadolescent U.S. girls. Pediatr Res 2014; 76:564-70. [PMID: 25192395 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal indicators could be useful for detecting early pubertal onset, but there is little research on how they are related to puberty in U.S. girls. We determined median age at hormonal onset of puberty based on luteinizing hormone (LH) and inhibin B (InB) and explored the extent to which body composition moderates this timing process. METHODS We analyzed anthropometric and hormone data of 698 US peri-pubertal girls ages 6-11.99 y who had participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994. RESULTS Median age of hormonal onset of puberty was 10.43 y by LH and 10.08 y by InB cut-offs (1.04 mIU/ml for LH and 17.89 pg/ml for InB). Postnatal weight gain modulated onset, making it earlier by 10-11 mo among the highest (greater than +1 SD) relative to normal weight gainers. Onset occurred first in non-Hispanic black (NHB) girls, 10.08 y (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.07-10.09), followed by Mexican-American (MXAM) at 10.64 y (95% CI: 10.63-10.65), and at 10.66 y (95% CI: 10.66-10.67) for non-Hispanic white (NHW) girls using LH. With InB, onset occurred first in MXAM girls at 9.9 y, and at 10.3 y and 10.4 y for their NHB and NHW peers, respectively. CONCLUSION Preadolescent weight gain lowers the age at hormonal onset as defined by LH concentrations. Preventing obesity in childhood may also avert the earlier initiation of the maturation process even at the hormonal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yaw Addo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bradley S Miller
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Amplatz Children's Hospital and Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary L Hediger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John H Himes
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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50
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De Leonibus C, Marcovecchio ML, Chiavaroli V, de Giorgis T, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Timing of puberty and physical growth in obese children: a longitudinal study in boys and girls. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:292-9. [PMID: 23713062 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether puberty and physical growth vary in obese when compared to normal-weight children. METHODS One hundred obese pre-pubertal children (44 boys; mean age (±SD): 9.01 ± 0.62 years; 56 girls; 8.70 ± 0.57 years) were compared to 55 normal-weight controls (27 boys; 9.17 ± 0.26 years; 28 girls; 8.71 ± 0.62 years). All study participants were followed prospectively with 6-monthly follow-up visits. At each study visit, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal stage were assessed. RESULTS Obese children entered puberty and achieved later stages of puberty earlier than controls (onset of puberty: boys: 11.66 ± 1.00 vs. 12.12 ± 0.91 years, P = 0.049; girls: 9.90 ± 0.78 vs. 10.32 ± 1.70, P = 0.016; late puberty: boys: 13.33 ± 0.71 vs. 14.47 ± 1.00 years, P < 0.001; girls: 11.54 ± 0.99 vs. 12.40 ± 1.02, P = 0.001). Pre-pubertal BMI standard deviation score (SDS) was inversely associated with both age at the onset of puberty (β = -0.506, P < 0.001) and age at late puberty (β = -0.514, P < 0.001). Obese children also showed an earlier age at peak height velocity (PHV) (boys: 12.62 ± 0.82 vs. 13.19 ± 0.96 years, P = 0.01; girls: 11.37 ± 0.89 vs. 12.77 ± 0.76, P < 0.001) and a lower PHV (boys: 7.74 ± 1.49 vs. 9.28 ± 1.64 cm year(-1) , P < 0.001; girls: 7.60 ± 1.64 vs. 8.29 ± 1.03, P = 0.03). Height SDS progressively declined over the study period in the obese group (P for trend <0.001), whereas there were no significant changes in the control group (P for trend = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Obese boys and girls presented an earlier onset of puberty and completion of puberty and an impaired height gain during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Leonibus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, 'G. D'Annunzio' University Foundation, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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