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Srinivasagan R, Galmés S, Vasileva D, Rubí P, Palou A, Amengual J, Ribot J, von Lintig J, Bonet ML. Maternal genetics and diet modulate vitamin A homeostasis of the offspring and affect the susceptibility to obesity in adulthood in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E258-E270. [PMID: 39017681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00116.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Perinatal nutrition exerts a profound influence on adult metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate whether increased maternal vitamin A (VA) supply can lead to beneficial metabolic phenotypes in the offspring. The researchers utilized mice deficient in the intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) transcription factor, which exhibits increased intestinal VA retinoid production from dietary β-carotene (BC). ISX-deficient dams were fed a VA-sufficient or a BC-enriched diet during the last week of gestation and the whole lactation period. Total retinol levels in milk and weanling livers were 2- to 2.5-fold higher in the offspring of BC-fed dams (BC offspring), indicating increased VA supplies during late gestation and lactation. The corresponding VA-sufficient and BC offspring (males and females) were compared at weaning and adulthood after being fed either a standard or high-fat diet (HFD) with regular VA content for 13 weeks from weaning. HFD-induced increases in adiposity metrics, such as fat depot mass and adipocyte diameter, were more pronounced in males than females and were attenuated or suppressed in the BC offspring. Notably, the BC offspring were protected from HFD-induced increases in circulating triacylglycerol levels and hepatic steatosis. These protective effects were associated with reduced food efficiency, enhanced capacity for thermogenesis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in adipose tissues, and increased adipocyte hyperplasia rather than hypertrophy in the BC offspring. In conclusion, maternal VA nutrition influenced by genetics may confer metabolic benefits to the offspring, with mild increases in late gestation and lactation protecting against obesity and metabolic dysregulation in adulthood.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A genetic mouse model, deficient in intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) transcription factor, is used to show that a mildly increased maternal vitamin A supply from β-carotene feeding during late gestation and lactation programs energy and lipid metabolism in tissues and protects the offspring from diet-induced hypertrophic obesity and hepatic steatosis. This knowledge may have implications for human populations where polymorphisms in ISX and ISX target genes involved in vitamin A homeostasis are prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Srinivasagan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United State
| | - Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma, Spain
| | - Denitsa Vasileva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Paula Rubí
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma, Spain
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma, Spain
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United State
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Palma, Spain
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2
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Pinos I, Coronel J, Albakri A, Blanco A, McQueen P, Molina D, Sim J, Fisher EA, Amengual J. β-Carotene accelerates the resolution of atherosclerosis in mice. eLife 2024; 12:RP87430. [PMID: 38319073 PMCID: PMC10945528 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune cell differentiation. BCO1 activity is associated with the reduction of plasma cholesterol in humans and mice, while dietary β-carotene reduces hepatic lipid secretion and delays atherosclerosis progression in various experimental models. Here we show that β-carotene also accelerates atherosclerosis resolution in two independent murine models, independently of changes in body weight gain or plasma lipid profile. Experiments in Bco1-/- mice implicate vitamin A production in the effects of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. To explore the direct implication of dietary β-carotene on regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation, we utilized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody infusions. Our data show that β-carotene favors Treg expansion in the plaque, and that the partial inhibition of Tregs mitigates the effect of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. Our data highlight the potential of β-carotene and BCO1 activity in the resolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pinos
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Johana Coronel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Asma'a Albakri
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Amparo Blanco
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Patrick McQueen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Donald Molina
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - JaeYoung Sim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Edward A Fisher
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
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Pinos I, Coronel J, Albakri A, Blanco A, McQueen P, Molina D, Sim J, Fisher EA, Amengual J. β-carotene accelerates the resolution of atherosclerosis in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.07.531563. [PMID: 36945561 PMCID: PMC10028884 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune cell differentiation. BCO1 activity is associated with the reduction of plasma cholesterol in humans and mice, while dietary β-carotene reduces hepatic lipid secretion and delays atherosclerosis progression in various experimental models. Here we show that β-carotene also accelerates atherosclerosis resolution in two independent murine models, independently of changes in body weight gain or plasma lipid profile. Experiments in Bco1-/- mice implicate vitamin A production in the effects of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. To explore the direct implication of dietary β-carotene on regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation, we utilized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody infusions. Our data show that β-carotene favors Treg expansion in the plaque, and that the partial inhibition of Tregs mitigates the effect of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. Our data highlight the potential of β-carotene and BCO1 activity in the resolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pinos
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Johana Coronel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Asma'a Albakri
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Amparo Blanco
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Patrick McQueen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Donald Molina
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - JaeYoung Sim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Edward A Fisher
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Miller AP, Hornero-Méndez D, Bandara S, Parra-Rivero O, Limón MC, von Lintig J, Avalos J, Amengual J. Bioavailability and provitamin A activity of neurosporaxanthin in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1068. [PMID: 37864015 PMCID: PMC10589281 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Various species of ascomycete fungi synthesize the carboxylic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin. The unique chemical structure of this xanthophyll reveals that: (1) Its carboxylic end and shorter length increase the polarity of neurosporaxanthin in comparison to other carotenoids, and (2) it contains an unsubstituted β-ionone ring, conferring the potential to form vitamin A. Previously, neurosporaxanthin production was optimized in Fusarium fujikuroi, which allowed us to characterize its antioxidant properties in in vitro assays. In this study, we assessed the bioavailability of neurosporaxanthin compared to other provitamin A carotenoids in mice and examined whether it can be cleaved by the two carotenoid-cleaving enzymes: β-carotene-oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and 2 (BCO2). Using Bco1-/-Bco2-/- mice, we report that neurosporaxanthin displays greater bioavailability than β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, as evidenced by higher accumulation and decreased fecal elimination. Enzymatic assays with purified BCO1 and BCO2, together with feeding studies in wild-type, Bco1-/-, Bco2-/-, and Bco1-/-Bco2-/- mice, revealed that neurosporaxanthin is a substrate for either carotenoid-cleaving enzyme. Wild-type mice fed neurosporaxanthin displayed comparable amounts of vitamin A to those fed β-carotene. Together, our study unveils neurosporaxanthin as a highly bioavailable fungal carotenoid with provitamin A activity, highlighting its potential as a novel food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Sepalika Bandara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Obdulia Parra-Rivero
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - M Carmen Limón
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Javier Avalos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Galmés S, Palou A, Serra F. Dietary Sources, Sex, and rs5888 ( SCARB1) as Modulators of Vitamin A's Effect on Cardiometabolic Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14152. [PMID: 37762456 PMCID: PMC10531832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although preclinical studies have attributed vitamin A (VA) cardiometabolic benefits, these effects are still controversial and not always supported in large human studies. Here, the outcomes associated with VA and its relationship with habitual dietary sources, sex, and genetic background have been studied. To do so, the data from an observational study (n = 455) (64% females, mean age of 36 years) showing that suboptimal VA intake (mainly from retinol rather than carotene) is associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) were considered. A higher odds ratio (OR) of suffering ≥ 2 simultaneous CMR factors was observed in men in the low consumption tercile of retinol (OR = 2.04; p = 0.019). In women, however, this relationship was not evident. Then, incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with VA-related compounds (ex vivo functional assay from 81 men and women) induced specific changes in the activity of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammatory status, which were dependent on the type of compound tested and the sex of the person. In addition, the presence of the genetic variant rs5888 in SCARB1 was identified as having a high influence on VA-related metabolic response. The new evidence derived from this study could be relevant for personalized nutritional advice concerning VA and CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (F.S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (F.S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (F.S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for development and growth as well as cellular metabolism. Through genomic and nongenomic actions, RA regulates a variety of physiological functions. Dysregulation of RA signaling is associated with many diseases. Targeting RA signaling has been proven valuable to human health. All-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy are the standard treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Both human and animal studies have shown a significant relationship between RA signaling and the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review article, we will first summarize vitamin A metabolism and then focus on the role of RA signaling in NAFLD. AtRA inhibits the development and progression of NAFLD via regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, thermogenesis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima N Cassim Bawa
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA 44272
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7
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Bradley MJ, Black M, Arballo JR, Amengual J, Erdman JW. Lycopene Accumulation in Transgenic Mice Lacking One or Both Carotenoid Cleaving Enzymes. J Nutr 2023; 153:2216-2227. [PMID: 37269907 PMCID: PMC10447616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) are responsible for the cleavage of carotenoids in mammals. OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to (1) establish the relative contribution of each enzyme on lycopene accumulation in mice and (2) examine the role of lycopene on gene expression in the gut of wild type (WT) mice. METHODS We utilized male and female WT, Bco1-/-, Bco2-/-, and Bco1-/-Bco2-/- double knockout (DKO) mice. We gavaged the mice with either 1 mg of lycopene resuspended in cottonseed oil or vehicle as a control group daily for 2 wk. In a second study, we evaluated the effect of dietary vitamin A on lycopene absorption and intestinal gene expression by RT-PCR. We also quantified lycopene concentration isomer distribution by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Of the 11 tissues measured, the liver accounted for 94 to 98% of the lycopene content across genotypes. We did not observe sex differences between genotypes, although hepatic lycopene levels in Bco1-/- mice were approximately half in comparison to the other genotypes; Bco1-/- verses Bco2-/- (P < 0.0001), DKO mice (P < 0.001), WT (ns). Analyses of mitochondrial lycopene content revealed a 3- to 5-fold enrichment compared with total hepatic content (P < 0.05) in all genotypes and sexes. In our second study, WT mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet (VAD) accumulated greater amounts of lycopene in the liver than those fed a vitamin A-sufficient diet (VAS) (P < 0.01). These changes were accompanied by an upregulation of the vitamin A-responsive transcription factor intestine specific homeobox (ISX) in mice fed VAD + lycopene and VAS + lycopene diets compared with VAD control-fed mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BCO2 is the primary lycopene cleavage enzyme in mice. Lycopene concentration was enriched in the mitochondria of hepatocytes independently of genotype, and lycopene stimulated vitamin A signaling in WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn J Bradley
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Molly Black
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Joseph R Arballo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL; Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL; Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
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8
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Pinos I, Yu J, Pilli N, Kane MA, Amengual J. Functional characterization of interleukin 4 and retinoic acid signaling crosstalk during alternative macrophage activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159291. [PMID: 36754230 PMCID: PMC9974901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid possesses potent immunomodulatory properties in various cell types, including macrophages. In this study, we first investigated the effects at the transcriptional and functional levels of exogenous retinoic acid in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in the presence or absence of interleukin 4 (IL4), a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory properties. We examined the effect of IL4 on vitamin A homeostasis in macrophages by quantifying retinoid synthesis and secretion. Our RNAseq data show that exogenous retinoic acid synergizes with IL4 to regulate anti-inflammatory pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation and phagocytosis. Efferocytosis and lysosomal degradation assays validated gene expression changes at the functional level. IL4 treatment altered the expression of several genes involved in vitamin A transport and conversion to retinoic acid. Radiolabeling experiments and mass spectrometry assays revealed that IL4 stimulates retinoic acid production and secretion in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-dependent manner. In summary, our studies highlight the key role of exogenous and endogenous retinoic acid in shaping the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pinos
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nageswara Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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9
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Karmakar E, Das N, Mukherjee B, Das P, Mukhopadhyay S, Roy SS. Lipid-induced alteration in retinoic acid signaling leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2023. [PMID: 36787544 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A surfeit of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation serve as obligatory mediators of lipid-associated hepatocellular maladies. While retinoid homeostasis is essential in restoring systemic energy balance, its role in hepatic mitochondrial function remains elusive. The role of lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in maintenance of retinoid homeostasis is appreciated earlier; however, its role in modulating retinoic acid (RA) bioavailability upon lipid-imposition is unexplored. We identified LRAT overexpression in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats and palmitate-treated hepatoma cells. Elevation in LRAT expression depletes RA production and deregulates RA signaling. This altered RA metabolism enhances fat accumulation, accompanied by inflammation that leads to impaired mitochondrial function through enhanced ROS generation. Hence, LRAT inhibition could be a novel approach preventing lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshani Karmakar
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Bijnor-sisendi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Bidisha Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Prosenjit Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
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10
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Cao P, Wu Y, Li Y, Xiang L, Cheng B, Hu Y, Jiang X, Wang Z, Wu S, Si L, Yang Q, Xu J, Huang J. The important role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in the protective effects of polyphenol-enriched Tartary buckwheat extract against alcoholic liver disease. Food Funct 2022; 13:10415-10425. [PMID: 36149348 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01518h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a mounting public health problem with significant medical, economic and social burdens. Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn, bitter buckwheat) is a kind of healthy and nutritious food, which has been demonstrated to protect against ALD, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully studied. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the beneficial effects of Tartary buckwheat extract (mainly composed of polyphenols including rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) in terms of lipid metabolism with the aid of lipidomic analysis. In our study, we employed C57BL/6J mice and a Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet to construct an ALD model and found that Tartary buckwheat extract was able to prevent ALD-induced histopathological lesions, liver injury and abnormal plasma lipid levels. These beneficial effects might be attributed to the regulation of energy metabolism-related genes (SIRT1, LKB1 and AMPK), lipid synthesis-related genes (ACC, SREBP1c and HMGR) and lipid oxidation-related genes (PPARα, CPT1 and CPT2). In addition, lipidomic profiling and KEGG pathway analysis showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism contributed the most to elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Tartary buckwheat extract. In specific, chronic ethanol intake reduced the level of phosphatidylcholines (PC) and increased the level of phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in the liver, resulting in a decrease in the PC/PE ratio, which could be all significantly restored by Tartary buckwheat extract intervention, indicating that the Tartary buckwheat extract might regulate PC/PE homeostasis to exert its lipid-lowering effect. Overall, we demonstrated that Tartary buckwheat extract could prevent ALD by modulating hepatic glycerophospholipid metabolism, providing the theoretical basis for its further exploitation as a medical plant or nutritional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd, Daye 435100, Hubei, China.
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Liping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bingyu Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd, Daye 435100, Hubei, China.
| | - Sanlan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Luqin Si
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd, Daye 435100, Hubei, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd, Daye 435100, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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11
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Melis M, Tang XH, Trasino SE, Gudas LJ. Retinoids in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:1456. [PMID: 35406069 PMCID: PMC9002467 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA), all-trans-retinol (ROL), and its analogs are collectively called retinoids. Acting through the retinoic acid receptors RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, all-trans-retinoic acid, an active metabolite of VA, is a potent regulator of numerous biological pathways, including embryonic and somatic cellular differentiation, immune functions, and energy metabolism. The liver is the primary organ for retinoid storage and metabolism in humans. For reasons that remain incompletely understood, a body of evidence shows that reductions in liver retinoids, aberrant retinoid metabolism, and reductions in RAR signaling are implicated in numerous diseases of the liver, including hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcohol-associated fatty liver diseases, and alcohol-associated liver diseases. Conversely, restoration of retinoid signaling, pharmacological treatments with natural and synthetic retinoids, and newer agonists for specific RARs show promising benefits for treatment of a number of these liver diseases. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the literature demonstrating a role for retinoids in limiting the pathogenesis of these diseases and in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
| | - Steven E. Trasino
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
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12
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Yu L, Wang Y, Yu D, Zhang S, Zheng F, Ding N, Zhu L, Zhu Q, Sun W, Li S, Zhang G, Chen L, Liu Y, Yang L, Feng J. Association between Serum Vitamin A, Blood Lipid Level and Dyslipidemia among Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071444. [PMID: 35406055 PMCID: PMC9002720 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To study the relationship between serum vitamin A (VA) level and blood lipid profiles in children and adolescents aged 6−18 years, as well as the effect of VA on dyslipidemia. Methods: The project adopted a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain dietary factors data. Blood samples of subjects were taken via venipuncture. Generalized linear models were used to explore the correlation be-tween VA and biochemical indicators, as well as stratified and inter-actions analysis to explore the influence of confounders on these relationships. Generalized linear models were constructed to explore the association between VA and blood lipids. Restricted cubic splines were used to characterize dose−response associations between serum VA and dyslipidemia based on logistic regression. Results: Serum VA was positively correlated with TC, TG and HDL-C (p < 0.05), but these associations were influenced by age (p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) values of VA for hypercho lesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were 3.283, 3.239, 5.219 and 0.346, respectively (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, significant age interactions affected the relationship between VA and TC, as well as TG and LDL-C (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Serum VA was positively correlated with blood lipids, but these associations were influenced by age. VA was a risk factor for dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, but was a protective factor for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Dongmei Yu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Fengjia Zheng
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Lichao Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Wenkui Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Suyun Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Gaohui Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Liangxia Chen
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yiya Liu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Li Yang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250021, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-18615422180 (L.Y.); +86-0531-82166927 (J.F.)
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-18615422180 (L.Y.); +86-0531-82166927 (J.F.)
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13
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Zalesak-Kravec S, Huang W, Jones JW, Yu J, Alloush J, Defnet AE, Moise AR, Kane MA. Role of cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 and retinoid homeostasis in the adult mouse heart: A multi-omic approach. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22242. [PMID: 35253263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100901rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main active metabolite of Vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), is required for proper cellular function and tissue organization. Heart development has a well-defined requirement for RA, but there is limited research on the role of RA in the adult heart. Homeostasis of RA includes regulation of membrane receptors, chaperones, enzymes, and nuclear receptors. Cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 (CRBP1), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), regulates RA homeostasis by delivering vitamin A to enzymes for RA synthesis and protecting it from non-specific oxidation. In this work, a multi-omics approach was used to characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss using the Rbp1-/- mouse. Retinoid homeostasis was disrupted in Rbp1-/- mouse heart tissue, as seen by a 33% and 24% decrease in RA levels in the left and right ventricles, respectively, compared to wild-type mice (WT). To further inform on the effect of disrupted RA homeostasis, we conducted high-throughput targeted metabolomics. A total of 222 metabolite and metabolite combinations were analyzed, with 33 having differential abundance between Rbp1-/- and WT hearts. Additionally, we performed global proteome profiling to further characterize the impact of CRBP1 loss in adult mouse hearts. More than 2606 unique proteins were identified, with 340 proteins having differential expression between Rbp1-/- and WT hearts. Pathway analysis performed on metabolomic and proteomic data revealed pathways related to cellular metabolism and cardiac metabolism were the most disrupted in Rbp1-/- mice. Together, these studies characterize the effect of CRBP1 loss and reduced RA in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zalesak-Kravec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenna Alloush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy E Defnet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Miller AP, Black M, Amengual J. Fenretinide inhibits vitamin A formation from β-carotene and regulates carotenoid levels in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159070. [PMID: 34742949 PMCID: PMC8688340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
N-[4-hydroxyphenyl]retinamide, commonly known as fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid with pleiotropic benefits for human health, is currently utilized in clinical trials for cancer, cystic fibrosis, and COVID-19. However, fenretinide reduces plasma vitamin A levels by interacting with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which often results in reversible night blindness in patients. Cell culture and in vitro studies show that fenretinide binds and inhibits the activity of β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), the enzyme responsible for endogenous vitamin A formation. Whether fenretinide inhibits vitamin A synthesis in mammals, however, remains unknown. The goal of this study was to determine if the inhibition of BCO1 by fenretinide affects vitamin A formation in mice fed β-carotene. Our results show that wild-type mice treated with fenretinide for ten days had a reduction in tissue vitamin A stores accompanied by a two-fold increase in β-carotene in plasma (P < 0.01) and several tissues. These effects persisted in RBP4-deficient mice and were independent of changes in intestinal β-carotene absorption, suggesting that fenretinide inhibits vitamin A synthesis in mice. Using Bco1-/- and Bco2-/- mice we also show that fenretinide regulates intestinal carotenoid and vitamin E uptake by activating vitamin A signaling during short-term vitamin A deficiency. This study provides a deeper understanding of the impact of fenretinide on vitamin A, carotenoid, and vitamin E homeostasis, which is crucial for the pharmacological utilization of this retinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
| | - Molly Black
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
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15
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Khare P, Singh VK, Pathak AK, Bala L. Serum deprivation enhanced monocrotophos mediated cellular damages in human lung carcinoma and skin keratinocyte. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Associations between Serum Vitamin A and Metabolic Risk Factors among Eastern Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030610. [PMID: 35276969 PMCID: PMC8839095 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A, a fat-soluble essential vitamin, is implicated in a large range of physiological processes. Up to now, the associations between vitamin A and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or other metabolic risk factors are controversial in children and adolescents. Thus, we aimed to dig into the relationship of vitamin A with MetS and many other metabolic risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study derived from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers. A total of 3025 school-aged (7–17 years) children and adolescents were selected by applying multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods in the Jiangsu Province of eastern China. Through enquiry survey, anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination, relevant information and blood biochemical indexes of the participants were collected in this study. MetS was identified according to the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Multivariate logistic analysis and the generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the relationship between vitamin A and various metabolic risk factors. The overweight, obesity and MetS prevalence of children and adolescents in this study was 14.0%, 11.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high total cholesterol (TC) and hyperuricemia increased with vitamin A in a dose-dependent way. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum vitamin A Z scores were positively associated with MetS and central obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP) and elevated triglyceride (TG). Sex stratification analysis showed that both in male and female participants, the risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high LDL, high TC and hyperuricemia still increased with vitamin A levels. MetS was at a high prevalence level in children and adolescents in Jiangsu that were 7–17 years old. Vitamin A was positively associated with obesity, MetS, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. More public health measures and new visions should focus on the effects of retinol on children and adolescents.
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17
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Zhang S, Xin W, Anderson GJ, Li R, Gao L, Chen S, Zhao J, Liu S. Double-edge sword roles of iron in driving energy production versus instigating ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35013137 PMCID: PMC8748693 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is vital for many physiological functions, including energy production, and dysregulated iron homeostasis underlies a number of pathologies. Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of regulated cell death that is characterized by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, and this process has been reported to be involved in multiple diseases. The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis are complex, and involve both well-described pathways (including the iron-induced Fenton reaction, impaired antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial dysfunction) and novel interactions linked to cellular energy production. In this review, we examine the contribution of iron to diverse metabolic activities and their relationship to ferroptosis. There is an emphasis on the role of iron in driving energy production and its link to ferroptosis under both physiological and pathological conditions. In conclusion, excess reactive oxygen species production driven by disordered iron metabolism, which induces Fenton reaction and/or impairs mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, is a key inducer of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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18
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Matsumoto Y, Fujita S, Yamagishi A, Shirai T, Maeda Y, Suzuki T, Kobayashi KI, Inoue J, Yamamoto Y. Brown Rice Inhibits Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Zucker (fa/fa) Rats by Increasing Lipid Oxidation Via Activation of Retinoic Acid Synthesis. J Nutr 2021; 151:2705-2713. [PMID: 34224565 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White rice and its unrefined form, brown rice, contain numerous compounds that are beneficial to human health. However, the starch content of rice can contribute to obesity, a main risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of rice consumption on NAFLD and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS We randomly divided 7-week-old male obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats, an animal model of NAFLD, into 3 groups (n = 10 each) fed 1 of 3 diets for 10 weeks: a control diet (Cont; AIN-93G diet; 53% cornstarch), a white rice diet (WR; AIN-93G diet with cornstarch replaced with white rice powder), or a brown rice diet (BR; AIN-93G diet with cornstarch replaced with brown rice powder). Liver fat accumulation and gene expression related to lipid and vitamin A metabolisms, including retinoic acid (RA) signaling, were analyzed. RESULTS Hepatic lipid values were significantly decreased in the BR group compared with the Cont group, by 0.4-fold (P < 0.05). The expression of genes related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, was approximately 2.1-fold higher in the BR group than the Cont group (P < 0.05). The expression of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain was also significantly increased, by 1.6-fold, in the BR group compared with the Cont group (P < 0.05). The expression of VLDL-secretion-related genes, such as microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, was also significantly higher in the BR group (2.4-fold; P < 0.05). Furthermore, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1, an RA synthase gene, was 2-fold higher in the BR group than the Cont group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Brown rice prevented development of NAFLD in obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. The beneficial effects of pregelatinized rice on NAFLD could be manifested as increased fatty acid oxidation and VLDL secretion, which are regulated by RA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Matsumoto
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saya Fujita
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Yamagishi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shirai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsukasa Suzuki
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kobayashi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Foods and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Living Sciences Notre Dame Seishin University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Yang FC, Xu F, Wang TN, Chen GX. Roles of vitamin A in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4506-4519. [PMID: 34222419 PMCID: PMC8223857 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrients and micronutrients play important roles in human health. On the other hand, the excessive energy derived from food is stored in the form of triacylglycerol. A variety of dietary and hormonal factors affect this process through the regulation of the activities and expression levels of those key player enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid elongases, and desaturases. As a micronutrient, vitamin A is essential for the health of humans. Recently, vitamin A has been shown to play a role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent research progresses about the roles of vitamin A in fatty acid synthesis. It focuses on the effects of vitamin A on the activities and expression levels of mRNA and proteins of key enzymes for fatty acid synthesis in vitro and in vivo. It appears that vitamin A status and its signaling pathway regulate the expression levels of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Yang
- Food College, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical College, Huaian 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Tian-Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37909, United States
| | - Guo-Xun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37909, United States
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20
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Zhou F, Wu X, Pinos I, Abraham BM, Barrett TJ, von Lintig J, Fisher EA, Amengual J. β-Carotene conversion to vitamin A delays atherosclerosis progression by decreasing hepatic lipid secretion in mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1491-1503. [PMID: 32963037 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the pathological accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis is also the main underlying cause of CVDs, and its development is largely driven by elevated plasma cholesterol. Strong epidemiological data find an inverse association between plasma β-carotene with atherosclerosis, and we recently showed that β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) activity, responsible for β-carotene cleavage to vitamin A, is associated with reduced plasma cholesterol in humans and mice. In this study, we explore whether intact β-carotene or vitamin A affects atherosclerosis progression in the atheroprone LDLR-deficient mice. Compared with control-fed Ldlr-/- mice, β-carotene-supplemented mice showed reduced atherosclerotic lesion size at the level of the aortic root and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. These changes were absent in Ldlr-/- /Bco1-/- mice despite accumulating β-carotene in plasma and atherosclerotic lesions. We discarded the implication of myeloid BCO1 in the development of atherosclerosis by performing bone marrow transplant experiments. Lipid production assays found that retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, reduced the secretion of newly synthetized triglyceride and cholesteryl ester in cell culture and mice. Overall, our findings provide insights into the role of BCO1 activity and vitamin A in atherosclerosis progression through the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Pinos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin M Abraham
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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21
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Bauer KC, Huus KE, Brown EM, Bozorgmehr T, Petersen C, Cirstea MS, Woodward SE, McCoy J, Hun J, Pamplona R, Ayala V, Finlay BB. Dietary Intervention Reverses Fatty Liver and Altered Gut Microbiota during Early-Life Undernutrition. mSystems 2020; 5:e00499-20. [PMID: 32900869 PMCID: PMC7483509 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00499-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), largely studied as a condition of overnutrition, also presents in undernourished populations. Like NAFLD, undernutrition disrupts systemic metabolism and has been linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Indeed, chronic exposures to fecal microbes contribute to undernutrition pathology in regions with poor sanitation. Despite a growing prevalence of fatty liver disease, the influence of undernutrition and the gut microbiota remain largely unexplored. Here, we utilize an established murine model (C57BL/6J mice placed on a malnourished diet that received iterative Escherichia coli/Bacteroidales gavage [MBG mice]) that combines a protein/fat-deficient diet and iterative exposure to specific, fecal microbes. Fecal-oral contamination exacerbates triglyceride accumulation in undernourished mice. MBG livers exhibit diffuse lipidosis accompanied by striking shifts in fatty acid, glycerophospholipid, and retinol metabolism. Multiomic analyses revealed metabolomic pathways linked to the undernourished gut microbiome and hepatic steatosis, including phenylacetate metabolism. Intriguingly, fatty liver features were observed only in the early-life, but not adult, MBG model despite similar liver metabolomic profiles. Importantly, we demonstrate that dietary intervention largely mitigates aberrant metabolomic and microbiome features in MBG mice. These findings indicate a crucial window in early-life development that, when disrupted by nutritional deficiency, may significantly influence liver function. Our work provides a multifaceted study of how diet and gut microbes inform fatty liver progression and reversal during undernutrition.IMPORTANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a global epidemic, but it is often studied in the context of obesity and aging. Nutritional deficits, however, also trigger hepatic steatosis, influencing health trajectories in undernourished pediatric populations. Here, we report that exposure to specific gut microbes impacts fatty liver pathology in mice fed a protein/fat-deficient diet. We utilize a multiomics approach to (i) characterize NAFLD in the context of early undernutrition and (ii) examine the impact of diet and gut microbes in the pathology and reversal of hepatic steatosis. We provide compelling evidence that an early-life, critical development window facilitates undernutrition-induced fatty liver pathology. Moreover, we demonstrate that sustained dietary intervention largely reverses fatty liver features and microbiome shifts observed during early-life malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Bauer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K E Huus
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E M Brown
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Bozorgmehr
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Petersen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M S Cirstea
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S E Woodward
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J McCoy
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Hun
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Pamplona
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB-Lleida), Lleida, Spain
- Department of Metabolomic Physiology, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - V Ayala
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB-Lleida), Lleida, Spain
- Department of Metabolomic Physiology, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - B B Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Galmés S, Palou A, Serra F. Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 ( SCARB1), rs1800629 ( UCP1) and rs659366 ( UCP2). Nutrients 2020; 12:E2588. [PMID: 32858880 PMCID: PMC7551832 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive body fat percentage (BF%). Animal and cell studies have shown benefits of vitamin A (VA) on BF% and lipid metabolism, but it is still controversial in humans. Furthermore, although some genetic variants may explain heterogeneity in VA plasma levels, their role in VA metabolic response is still scarcely characterized. This study was designed as a combination of an observational study involving 158 male subjects followed by a study with a well-balanced genotype-phenotype protocol, including in the design an ex vivo intervention study performed on isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the 41 former males. This is a strategy to accurately identify the delivery of Precision Nutrition recommendations to targeted subjects. The study assesses the influence of rs5888 (SCARB1), rs659366 (UCP2), and rs1800629 (UCP1) variants on higher BF% associated with suboptimal VA consumption and underlines the cellular mechanisms involved by analyzing basal and retinoic acid (RA) response on PBMC gene expression. Data show that male carriers with the major allele combinations and following suboptimal-VA diet show higher BF% (adjusted ANOVA test p-value = 0.006). Genotype-BF% interaction is observed on oxidative/inflammatory gene expression and also influences lipid related gene expression in response to RA. Data indicate that under suboptimal consumption of VA, carriers of VA responsive variants and with high-BF% show a gene expression profile consistent with an impaired basal metabolic state. The results show the relevance of consuming VA within the required amounts, its impact on metabolism and energy balance, and consequently, on men's adiposity with a clear influence of genetic variants SCARB1, UCP2 and UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
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23
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Cifre M, Palou A, Oliver P. Impaired CPT1A Gene Expression Response to Retinoic Acid Treatment in Human PBMC as Predictor of Metabolic Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2269. [PMID: 32751185 PMCID: PMC7468959 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) systems offer the possibility to test transcriptomic effects of food bioactive compounds with potential health effects. We investigated all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) effect on mRNA expression of key lipid metabolism and inflammatory genes in PBMCs from normal-weight (NW) and overweight-obese (OW-OB) men with different metabolic syndrome-related features. PBMCs were incubated with 10 µM ATRA and mRNA levels of selected genes were analyzed using real-time RT-qPCR. Human ex vivo PBMCs responded to ATRA treatment, but the response for some genes was dependent on body mass index (BMI), with a lower response in PBMC from OW-OB than from NW donors. Moreover, gene expression response was affected by circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Particularly, the response to ATRA of CPT1A, previously reported as a sensitive metabolic risk predictive biomarker, was dependent on HDL levels and not on BMI, being impaired in those individuals with lower HDL levels, specifically in OW-OB. Thus, PBMCs' insensitivity to ATRA, which can be considered as indicative of impaired metabolism, was observed in individuals with higher metabolic risk (OW-OB with low HDL levels). In conclusion, an ex vivo human PBMC system indicates that ATRA response could be influenced by metabolic syndrome features. Moreover, our study reinforces the role of CPT1A as a marker of metabolic risk and points to plasmatic HDL-cholesterol levels as a parameter to take into consideration when the effects of nutritional factors and/or dietary interventions on humans are under study. Further studies including women are required to detect potential gender differences in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Cifre
- Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.C.); (P.O.)
- CIBER of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.C.); (P.O.)
- CIBER of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
| | - Paula Oliver
- Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.C.); (P.O.)
- CIBER of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
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24
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Kim T, Kang J. Association Between Serum Retinol and α-Tocopherol Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean General Population: Analysis of Population-based Nationally Representative Data. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1689. [PMID: 32516964 PMCID: PMC7352386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum retinol and α-tocopherol levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of the 24,269 individuals, 5885 adults (2672 men and 3213 women) were included. The prevalence of MetS and its components according to quartiles of serum retinol and α-tocopherol levels was calculated. Multivariate linear regression model was used to calculate the number of metabolic components according to serum vitamin levels. The association between serum vitamin levels and MetS with its components was assessed using multivariate logistic regression model. The prevalence of MetS was highest in Q4 and lowest in Q1 for both vitamins, regardless of sex. A dose-dependent association between serum retinol and α-tocopherol levels and MetS was observed. After adjustment for covariates, the odds ratio (OR) for MetS in Q4 compared to Q1 was 2.351 (95% CI: 1.748-3.163, Ptrend < 0.001) in the retinol group and 2.559 (95% CI: 1.953-3.353, Ptrend < 0.001) in α-tocopherol group. Among metabolic components, hypertriglyceridemia, high fasting glucose, and high blood pressure was positively associated with serum retinol and α-tocopherol levels. In conclusion, high serum retinol and α-tocopherol levels were associated with increased risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Goyang Hospital, Goyang-si 10267, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea;
| | - Jihun Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
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25
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Shi L, Guo S, Zhang S, Gao X, Liu A, Wang Q, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wen A. Glycyrrhetinic acid attenuates disturbed vitamin a metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through AKR1B10. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173167. [PMID: 32485245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal vitamin A (retinol) metabolism plays an important role in the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, NAFLD and NASH models were established to investigate the effects of food additives glycyrrhizic acid (GL) on retinol metabolism in NAFLD/NASH mice. Potential targets of GL and its active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) were analyzed by RNA sequence, bioinformatics, and molecular docking analyses. Gene transfection and enzymatic kinetics were used to identify the target of GL. The results showed that GL could resolve the fatty and inflammatory lesions in the mouse liver, thereby improving the disorder of retinol metabolism. RNA sequence analysis of model mice liver revealed significant changes in AKR1B10 (retinol metabolic enzymes). Bioinformatics and molecular docking analyses showed that AKR1B10 is a potential target of GA but not GL. GA could inhibit AKR1B10 activity, which then affects retinol metabolism, whereas GL only had the same effect after hydrolysis into GA. In AKR1B10-KO hepatocytes, GA, GL, and hydrolysates of GL had no regulatory effect on retinol metabolism. Therefore, GA, the active metabolite of GL, as a novel AKR1B10 inhibitor, could promote retinoic acid synthesis. GL restored the balance of retinol metabolism in NAFLD/NASH mice by metabolizing to GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Shun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The No.987 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Baoji, 610303, PR China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Qinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China.
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26
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products in adipose tissue biology and obesity: Pre-clinical and human studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158676. [PMID: 32120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiobesity activities of carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products (CCPs) have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, and mechanisms behind have begun to be unveiled, thus suggesting these compounds may help obesity prevention and management. The antiobesity action of carotenoids and CCPs can be traced to effects in multiple tissues, notably the adipose tissues. Key aspects of the biology of adipose tissues appear to be affected by carotenoid and CCPs, including adipogenesis, metabolic capacities for energy storage, release and inefficient oxidation, secretory function, and modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Here, we review the connections of carotenoids and CCPs with adipose tissue biology and obesity as revealed by cell and animal intervention studies, studies addressing the role of endogenous retinoid metabolism, and human epidemiological and intervention studies. We also consider human genetic variability influencing carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism, particularly in adipose tissues, as a potentially relevant aspect towards personalization of dietary recommendations to prevent or manage obesity and optimize metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | | | - Francisca Serra
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
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27
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Miller AP, Coronel J, Amengual J. The role of β-carotene and vitamin A in atherogenesis: Evidences from preclinical and clinical studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158635. [PMID: 31978554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the principal contributor to myocardial infarction, the leading cause of death worldwide. Epidemiological and mechanistic studies indicate that β-carotene and its vitamin A derivatives stimulate lipid catabolism in several tissues to reduce the incidence of obesity, but their roles within ASCVD are elusive. Herein, we review the mechanisms by which β-carotene and vitamin A modulate ASCVD. First, we summarize the current knowledge linking these nutrients with epidemiological studies and lipoprotein metabolism as one of the initiating factors of ASCVD. Next, we focus on different aspects of vitamin A metabolism in immune cells such as the mechanisms of carotenoid uptake and conversion to the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid. Lastly, we review the effects of retinoic acid on immuno-metabolism, differentiation, and function of macrophages and T cells, the two pillars of the innate and adaptive immune response in ASCVD, respectively. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Johana Coronel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
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28
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Zhu YH, Li JB, Wu RY, Yu Y, Li X, Li ZL, Zhang HL, Feng GK, Deng R, Zhu XF. Clinical significance and function of RDH16 as a tumor-suppressing gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:110-120. [PMID: 31661588 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our previous transcriptome sequencing analysis detected that retinol dehydrogenase 16 (RDH16) was dramatically downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RDH16 belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases super family, and its role in HCC remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of RDH16 in HCC. METHODS The mRNA and protein level of RDH16 in HCC samples were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses, respectively. The role of RDH16 in HCC was determined by in vitro and in vivo functional studies. RESULTS Downregulation of RDH16 has been detected in approximately 90% of primary HCCs, which was significantly associated with high serum alpha-fetoprotein level, tumor size, microsatellite formation, thrombus, and poor overall survival of HCC patients. Compared with non-tumor tissues, higher density of methylation was identified in HCC samples. In addition, RDH16 increases the level of retinoic acid and blocks the de novo synthesis of fatty acid in HCC cells. Functional study shows that ectopic expression of RDH16 in HCC cells suppresses cell growth, clonogenicity, and cell motility. CONCLUSIONS RDH16 might be a prognostic biomarker and intervention point for new therapeutic strategies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National Gene Bank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui-Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong-Kan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Ribot J, Arreguín A, Kuda O, Kopecky J, Palou A, Bonet ML. Novel Markers of the Metabolic Impact of Exogenous Retinoic Acid with A Focus on Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3640. [PMID: 31349613 PMCID: PMC6696161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the carboxylic form of vitamin A, lowers body weight in rodents by promoting oxidative metabolism in multiple tissues including white and brown adipose tissues. We aimed to identify novel markers of the metabolic impact of ATRA through targeted blood metabolomics analyses, with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids. Blood was obtained from mice treated with a high ATRA dose (50 mg/kg body weight/day, subcutaneous injection) or placebo (controls) during the 4 days preceding collection. LC-MS/MS analyses with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids were conducted on plasma and PBMC. Main results showed that, relative to controls, ATRA-treated mice had in plasma: increased levels of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and longer acylcarnitine species; decreased levels of citrulline, and increased global arginine bioavailability ratio for nitric oxide synthesis; increased levels of creatine, taurine and docosahexaenoic acid; and a decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio. While some of these features likely reflect the stimulation of lipid mobilization and oxidation promoted by ATRA treatment systemically, other may also play a causal role underlying ATRA actions. The results connect ATRA to specific nutrition-modulated biochemical pathways, and suggest novel mechanisms of action of vitamin A-derived retinoic acid on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Andrea Arreguín
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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30
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Abstract
Much evidence has accumulated in the literature over the last fifteen years that indicates vitamin A has a role in metabolic disease prevention and causation. This literature proposes that vitamin A can affect obesity development and the development of obesity-related diseases including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular disease. Retinoic acid, the transcriptionally active form of vitamin A, accounts for many of the reported associations. However, a number of proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1, alternatively known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 or RALDH1), have also been identified as being associated with metabolic disease. Some of the reported effects of these vitamin A-related proteins are proposed to be independent of their roles in assuring normal retinoic acid homeostasis. This review will consider both human observational data as well as published data from molecular studies undertaken in rodent models and in cells in culture. The primary focus of the review will be on the effects that vitamin A per se and proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism have on adipocytes, adipose tissue biology, and adipose-related disease, as well as on early stage liver disease, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032.
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31
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Coronel J, Pinos I, Amengual J. β-carotene in Obesity Research: Technical Considerations and Current Status of the Field. Nutrients 2019; 11:E842. [PMID: 31013923 PMCID: PMC6521044 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, obesity has become a rising health problem as the accessibility to high calorie, low nutritional value food has increased. Research shows that some bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, such as carotenoids, could contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity. Some of these carotenoids are responsible for vitamin A production, a hormone-like vitamin with pleiotropic effects in mammals. Among these effects, vitamin A is a potent regulator of adipose tissue development, and is therefore important for obesity. This review focuses on the role of the provitamin A carotenoid β-carotene in human health, emphasizing the mechanisms by which this compound and its derivatives regulate adipocyte biology. It also discusses the physiological relevance of carotenoid accumulation, the implication of the carotenoid-cleaving enzymes, and the technical difficulties and considerations researchers must take when working with these bioactive molecules. Thanks to the broad spectrum of functions carotenoids have in modern nutrition and health, it is necessary to understand their benefits regarding to metabolic diseases such as obesity in order to evaluate their applicability to the medical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Coronel
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ivan Pinos
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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32
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Supplementation comprising dietary fish oil with all-trans retinoic acid decreased blood lipids and fat accumulation in C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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33
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Wei LW, Yuan ZQ, Zhao MD, Gu CW, Han JH, Fu L. Inhibition of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Can Influence the Lipid Metabolism in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1279-1287. [PMID: 30472964 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of evidences accumulated about critical metabolic role of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in some peripheral tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle and heart. To better understand the interactions of CB1, CPT1 and PPARs in these tissues, 30 diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J male mice were obtained, weight-matched and divided into two groups (15 in each group): (i) DIO/vehicle mice (D-Veh) and (ii) DIO/SR141716 mice (D-SR) treated with SR141716 (or rimonabant, a selective CB1 receptor blocker) administered orally (10 mg/kg daily). Another 15 mice fed standard diet (STD) formed the STD/vehicle group (S-Veh). At the end of 3-week treatment, mean body weight was 28.4 ± 0.5, 36.5 ± 0.8, and 30.3 ± 1.2 g for the S-Veh, D-Veh, and D-SR group, respectively (p < 0.05; D-Veh vs. D-SR). Liver weight in the D-SR group was also decreased significantly compared to the D-Veh group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin and adiponectin in the D-SR group were ameliorated compared to the D-Veh group (p < 0.05). Both qRT-PCR and Western blot assay revealed that CB1 expression levels were efficiently blocked by SR141716 in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), skeletal muscles and liver (D-SR vs. D-Veh; p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between S-Veh and D-Veh mice (p > 0.05). Simultaneously with the reduction of CB1 expression in the D-SR group, the expression levels of CPT1A isoform (protein) in the liver and heart and CPT1B isoform (protein) in the SAT, VAT, liver and skeletal muscles were significantly increased (p < 0.05; D-SR vs. D-Veh). Interestingly, the CPT1A and CPT1B expression levels in heart were detected slightly. The expression levels of PPARα in the SAT, VAT, liver and skeletal muscles and PPARγ in the SAT and skeletal muscles in the D-SR group were significantly increased compared to the D-Veh mice (p < 0.05). However, the PPARβ expression level differed from that of PPARα and PPARγ. Taken together, these data indicate that the inhibition of CB1 could ameliorate lipid metabolism via the stimulation of the CPT1A and CPT1B expression in vivo. Simultaneously, the PPARα and PPARγ expression levels significantly differed compared to that of PPARβ in obesity and lipid metabolism-related disorders under blockade of CB1. Both the mechanism of the influence of CB1 inhibition on lipid metabolism in the examined tissues and the specific mechanism of PPARα, PPARγ and PPARβ involvement in lipid exchange under these conditions remain to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Wei
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Z Q Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
| | - M D Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - C W Gu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - J H Han
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - L Fu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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34
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Chen R, Yu Z, Yin D. Multi-generational effects of lindane on nematode lipid metabolism with disturbances on insulin-like signal pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:607-614. [PMID: 30031344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Influences on lipid metabolism and multi-generational obesogenic effects raised new concerns on lipophilic pollutants (e.g., lindane). Yet, the mechanisms remained unanswered. The present study exposed Caenorhabditis elegans to lindane for 4 consecutive generations (F0 to F3) at 1.0 ng/L, and measured effects in the directly exposed generations (F0 to F3), indirectly exposed ones (T1 and T1') and un-exposed ones (T3 and T3'). Lindane stimulated fat storages in all generations. At the biochemical level, lindane stimulated both acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyl-transferases (CPT) in F0, T1 and T2, while inhibited them in F3, T1' and T3', demonstrating the balance between fatty acid synthesis and its depletion toward fat accumulation over generations. Moreover, lindane caused different effects on insulin among generations. It inhibited insulin in F0 and F3 and exhibited consistent effects on the expression changes of daf-2, sgk-1 and daf-16 genes in insulin-like signal pathway. Lindane also inhibited insulin in T1 and T3 but exhibited consistent effects on the expression changes of daf-2, akt-1 and daf-16. Different roles of sgk-1 and akt-1 indicated the response strategies from tolerance (F0 and F3) to avoidance (T1 and T3). Lindane stimulated insulin in T1' and T3' and exhibited consistent effects on expression changes of daf-2, sgk-1 and daf-16 genes that were similar in F0 and F3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Jiaxing Tongji Institute for Environment, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, PR China.
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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35
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Rial SA, Ravaut G, Malaret TB, Bergeron KF, Mounier C. Hexanoic, Octanoic and Decanoic Acids Promote Basal and Insulin-Induced Phosphorylation of the Akt-mTOR Axis and a Balanced Lipid Metabolism in the HepG2 Hepatoma Cell Line. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092315. [PMID: 30208604 PMCID: PMC6225498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic illnesses such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are in constant increase worldwide. Highly consumed long chain fatty acids (LCFA) are among the most obesogenic and steatogenic nutrients. Hepatic steatosis is associated with several complications such as insulin resistance. Growing evidence points to medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), more efficiently oxidized than LCFA, as a promising dietary alternative against NAFLD. However, reports on the hepatic effects of MCFA are sometimes conflicting. In this study we exposed HepG2 cells, a human hepatocellular model, to 0.25 mM of hexanoic (C6), or octanoic (C8), and decanoic (C10) acids separately or in a C8 + C10 equimolar mix reflecting commercially available MCFA-rich oils. We found that C6, a poorly studied MCFA, as well as C8 and C10 did not provoke the deleterious lipid anabolism runaway typically induced by LCFA palmitate. MCFA tended, instead, to promote a balanced metabolic profile and were generally non-cytotoxic. Accordingly, mitochondrial integrity was mostly preserved following MCFA treatment. However, treatments with C8 induced a mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, suggesting prolonged exposure to this lipid could be problematic. Finally, MCFA treatments maintained optimal insulin sensitivity and even fostered basal and insulin-dependent phosphorylation of the Akt-mTOR pathway. Overall, MCFA could constitute an effective nutritional tool to manage liver steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Ahmed Rial
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Gaetan Ravaut
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Tommy B Malaret
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Karl-F Bergeron
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Molecular Metabolism of Lipids Laboratory, BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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36
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Tacherfiout M, Petrov PD, Mattonai M, Ribechini E, Ribot J, Bonet ML, Khettal B. Antihyperlipidemic effect of a Rhamnus alaternus leaf extract in Triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats and human HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:501-509. [PMID: 29501772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean buckthorn, Rhamnus alaternus L., is a plant used in traditional medicine in Mediterranean countries. We aimed at characterizing its phenolic compounds and explore potential antihyperlipidemic activity of this plant. The profile of phenolic compounds in R. alaternus leaf crude methanolic extract (CME) and its liquid-liquid extraction-derived fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS2). Effects of CME on: circulating lipids in rats with Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia, intracellular lipid accumulation and expression of genes of fatty acid metabolism in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, and adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 murine adipocyte cell model were assessed. The HPLC/ESI-MS2 analytical profile revealed a total of fifteen compounds, of which eleven were identified. Oral CME administration decreased blood levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in hyperlipidemic rats (by 60% and 70%, respectively, at 200 mg CME/kg). In HepG2 cells, CME exposure dose-dependently decreased intracellular lipids and up-regulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 involved in fatty acid oxidation. In the 3T3-L1 model, CME favored preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis, pointing to positive effects on adipose tissue expandability. These results suggest novel uses of R. alaternus by showing that its leaves are rich in flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives with an antihyperlipidemic effect in vivo and in hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Tacherfiout
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Petar D Petrov
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Marco Mattonai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Bachra Khettal
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
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37
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Cruz MM, Lopes AB, Crisma AR, de Sá RCC, Kuwabara WMT, Curi R, de Andrade PBM, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) increases oxygen consumption, fatty acid oxidation and ATP content in white adipocytes. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:55. [PMID: 29554895 PMCID: PMC5859716 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently demonstrated that palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) increases lipolysis, glucose uptake and glucose utilization for energy production in white adipose cells. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that palmitoleic acid modulates bioenergetic activity in white adipocytes. Methods For this, 3 T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes in the presence (or absence) of palmitic (16:0) or palmitoleic (16:1n7) acid at 100 or 200 μM. The following parameters were evaluated: lipolysis, lipogenesis, fatty acid (FA) oxidation, ATP content, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial mass, citrate synthase activity and protein content of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. Results Treatment with 16:1n7 during 9 days raised basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, FA incorporation into triacylglycerol (TAG), FA oxidation, oxygen consumption, protein expression of subunits representing OXPHOS complex II, III, and V and intracellular ATP content. These effects were not observed in adipocytes treated with 16:0. Conclusions Palmitoleic acid, by concerted action on lipolysis, FA esterification, mitochondrial FA oxidation, oxygen consumption and ATP content, does enhance white adipocyte energy expenditure and may act as local hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa M Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo, 210, Sao Nicolau St, Diadema, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Andressa B Lopes
- Department of Nursing , Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Crisma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta C C de Sá
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo, 210, Sao Nicolau St, Diadema, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Wilson M T Kuwabara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula B M de Andrade
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria I C Alonso-Vale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo, 210, Sao Nicolau St, Diadema, 09913-030, Brazil.
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38
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Saeed A, Dullaart RPF, Schreuder TCMA, Blokzijl H, Faber KN. Disturbed Vitamin A Metabolism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutrients 2017; 10:nu10010029. [PMID: 29286303 PMCID: PMC5793257 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is required for important physiological processes, including embryogenesis, vision, cell proliferation and differentiation, immune regulation, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Many of vitamin A’s functions are executed through retinoic acids that activate transcriptional networks controlled by retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs).The liver plays a central role in vitamin A metabolism: (1) it produces bile supporting efficient intestinal absorption of fat-soluble nutrients like vitamin A; (2) it produces retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) that distributes vitamin A, as retinol, to peripheral tissues; and (3) it harbors the largest body supply of vitamin A, mostly as retinyl esters, in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In times of inadequate dietary intake, the liver maintains stable circulating retinol levels of approximately 2 μmol/L, sufficient to provide the body with this vitamin for months. Liver diseases, in particular those leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis, are associated with impaired vitamin A homeostasis and may lead to vitamin A deficiency. Liver injury triggers HSCs to transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts that produce excessive amounts of extracellular matrix, leading to fibrosis. HSCs lose the retinyl ester stores in this process, ultimately leading to vitamin A deficiency. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is a spectrum of conditions ranging from benign hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); it may progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. NASH is projected to be the main cause of liver failure in the near future. Retinoic acids are key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, but it is unknown whether impaired vitamin A homeostasis contributes to or suppresses the development of NAFLD. A genetic variant of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3-I148M) is the most prominent heritable factor associated with NAFLD. Interestingly, PNPLA3 harbors retinyl ester hydrolase activity and PNPLA3-I148M is associated with low serum retinol level, but enhanced retinyl esters in the liver of NAFLD patients. Low circulating retinol in NAFLD may therefore not reflect true “vitamin A deficiency”, but rather disturbed vitamin A metabolism. Here, we summarize current knowledge about vitamin A metabolism in NAFLD and its putative role in the progression of liver disease, as well as the therapeutic potential of vitamin A metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Bio-Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim C M A Schreuder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Stepanov VA, Kharkov VN, Vagaitseva KV, Bocharova AV, Kazantsev AY, Popovich AA, Khitrinskaya IY. Search for genetic markers of climatic adaptation in populations of North Eurasia. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Resnyk CW, Carré W, Wang X, Porter TE, Simon J, Le Bihan-Duval E, Duclos MJ, Aggrey SE, Cogburn LA. Transcriptional analysis of abdominal fat in chickens divergently selected on bodyweight at two ages reveals novel mechanisms controlling adiposity: validating visceral adipose tissue as a dynamic endocrine and metabolic organ. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:626. [PMID: 28814270 PMCID: PMC5559791 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decades of intensive genetic selection in the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) have enabled the remarkable rapid growth of today’s broiler (meat-type) chickens. However, this enhanced growth rate was accompanied by several unfavorable traits (i.e., increased visceral fatness, leg weakness, and disorders of metabolism and reproduction). The present descriptive analysis of the abdominal fat transcriptome aimed to identify functional genes and biological pathways that likely contribute to an extreme difference in visceral fatness of divergently selected broiler chickens. Methods We used the Del-Mar 14 K Chicken Integrated Systems microarray to take time-course snapshots of global gene transcription in abdominal fat of juvenile [1-11 weeks of age (wk)] chickens divergently selected on bodyweight at two ages (8 and 36 wk). Further, a RNA sequencing analysis was completed on the same abdominal fat samples taken from high-growth (HG) and low-growth (LG) cockerels at 7 wk, the age with the greatest divergence in body weight (3.2-fold) and visceral fatness (19.6-fold). Results Time-course microarray analysis revealed 312 differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05) as the main effect of genotype (HG versus LG), 718 genes in the interaction of age and genotype, and 2918 genes as the main effect of age. The RNA sequencing analysis identified 2410 differentially expressed genes in abdominal fat of HG versus LG chickens at 7 wk. The HG chickens are fatter and over-express numerous genes that support higher rates of visceral adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In abdominal fat of LG chickens, we found higher expression of many genes involved in hemostasis, energy catabolism and endocrine signaling, which likely contribute to their leaner phenotype and slower growth. Many transcription factors and their direct target genes identified in HG and LG chickens could be involved in their divergence in adiposity and growth rate. Conclusions The present analyses of the visceral fat transcriptome in chickens divergently selected for a large difference in growth rate and abdominal fatness clearly demonstrate that abdominal fat is a very dynamic metabolic and endocrine organ in the chicken. The HG chickens overexpress many transcription factors and their direct target genes, which should enhance in situ lipogenesis and ultimately adiposity. Our observation of enhanced expression of hemostasis and endocrine-signaling genes in diminished abdominal fat of LG cockerels provides insight into genetic mechanisms involved in divergence of abdominal fatness and somatic growth in avian and perhaps mammalian species, including humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4035-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Resnyk
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - W Carré
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU Pontchaillou, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - X Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
| | - T E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - J Simon
- UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - E Le Bihan-Duval
- UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - M J Duclos
- UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - S E Aggrey
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - L A Cogburn
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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Whole Blood RNA as a Source of Transcript-Based Nutrition- and Metabolic Health-Related Biomarkers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155361. [PMID: 27163124 PMCID: PMC4862680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood cells are receiving an increasing attention as an easily accessible source of transcript-based biomarkers. We studied the feasibility of using mouse whole blood RNA in this context. Several paradigms were studied: (i) metabolism-related transcripts known to be affected in rat tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by fasting and upon the development of high fat diet (HFD)-induced overweight were assessed in whole blood RNA of fasted rats and mice and of HFD-fed mice; (ii) retinoic acid (RA)-responsive genes in tissues were assessed in whole blood RNA of control and RA-treated mice; (iii) lipid metabolism-related transcripts previously identified in PBMC as potential biomarkers of metabolic health in a rat model were assessed in whole blood in an independent model, namely retinoblastoma haploinsufficient (Rb+/-) mice. Blood was collected and stored in RNAlater® at -80°C until analysis of selected transcripts by real-time RT-PCR. Comparable changes with fasting were detected in the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes when RNA from either PBMC or whole blood of rats or mice was used. HFD-induced excess body weight and fat mass associated with expected changes in the expression of metabolism-related genes in whole blood of mice. Changes in gene expression in whole blood of RA-treated mice reproduced known transcriptional actions of RA in hepatocytes and adipocytes. Reduced expression of Fasn, Lrp1, Rxrb and Sorl1 could be validated as early biomarkers of metabolic health in young Rb+/- mice using whole blood RNA. Altogether, these results support the use of whole blood RNA in studies aimed at identifying blood transcript-based biomarkers of nutritional/metabolic status or metabolic health. Results also support reduced expression of Fasn, Lrp1, Rxrb and Sorl1 in blood cells at young age as potential biomarkers of metabolic robustness.
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Wang B, Yang Q, Harris CL, Nelson ML, Busboom JR, Zhu MJ, Du M. Nutrigenomic regulation of adipose tissue development - role of retinoic acid: A review. Meat Sci 2016; 120:100-106. [PMID: 27086067 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of animal production, livestock have been extensively selected or managed to reduce fat accumulation and increase lean growth, which reduces intramuscular or marbling fat content. To enhance marbling, a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipogenesis is needed. Vitamin A has recently been shown to have a profound impact on all stages of adipogenesis. Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, activates both retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), inducing epigenetic changes in key regulatory genes governing adipogenesis. Additionally, Vitamin D and folates interact with the retinoic acid receptors to regulate adipogenesis. In this review, we discuss nutritional regulation of adipogenesis, focusing on retinoic acid and its impact on epigenetic modifications of key adipogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Corrine L Harris
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Mark L Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Jan R Busboom
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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Tripathy S, Chapman JD, Han CY, Hogarth CA, Arnold SLM, Onken J, Kent T, Goodlett DR, Isoherranen N. All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Enhances Mitochondrial Function in Models of Human Liver. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:560-74. [PMID: 26921399 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A. The liver is the main storage organ of vitamin A, but activation of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in mouse liver and in human liver cell lines has also been shown. AlthoughatRA treatment improves mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle in rodents, its role in modulating mitochondrial function in the liver is controversial, and little data are available regarding the human liver. The aim of this study was to determine whetheratRA regulates hepatic mitochondrial activity.atRA treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression of multiple components of mitochondrialβ-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and respiratory chain. Additionally,atRA increased mitochondrial biogenesis in human hepatocytes and in HepG2 cells with and without lipid loading based on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1αand 1βand nuclear respiratory factor 1 mRNA and mitochondrial DNA quantification.atRA also increasedβ-oxidation and ATP production in HepG2 cells and in human hepatocytes. Knockdown studies of RARα, RARβ, and PPARδrevealed that the enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis andβ-oxidation byatRA requires peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta. In vivo in mice,atRA treatment increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers after an overnight fast. Inhibition ofatRA metabolism by talarozole, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 26 specific inhibitor, increased the effects ofatRA on mitochondrial biogenesis markers in HepG2 cells and in vivo in mice. These studies show thatatRA regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism and that increasingatRA concentrations in human liver via CYP26 inhibition may increase mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acidβ-oxidation and provide therapeutic benefit in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Tripathy
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - John D Chapman
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Chang Y Han
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Cathryn A Hogarth
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Samuel L M Arnold
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Jennifer Onken
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Travis Kent
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - David R Goodlett
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
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Abstract
Cell, animal and human studies dealing with carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives as nutritional regulators of adipose tissue biology with implications for the etiology and management of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are reviewed. Most studied carotenoids in this context are β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, together with β-carotene-derived retinoids and some other apocarotenoids. Studies indicate an impact of these compounds on essential aspects of adipose tissue biology including the control of adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis), adipocyte metabolism, oxidative stress and the production of adipose tissue-derived regulatory signals and inflammatory mediators. Specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives restrain adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy while enhancing fat oxidation and energy dissipation in brown and white adipocytes, and counteract obesity in animal models. Intake, blood levels and adipocyte content of carotenoids are reduced in human obesity. Specifically designed human intervention studies in the field, though still sparse, indicate a beneficial effect of carotenoid supplementation in the accrual of abdominal adiposity. In summary, studies support a role of specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives in the prevention of excess adiposity, and suggest that carotenoid requirements may be dependent on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jose A Canas
- Metabolism and Diabetes, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32207, USA
| | - Joan Ribot
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Luisa Bonet M, Canas JA, Ribot J, Palou A. Carotenoids and their conversion products in the control of adipocyte function, adiposity and obesity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Petrov PD, Ribot J, Palou A, Bonet ML. Improved metabolic regulation is associated with retinoblastoma protein gene haploinsufficiency in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E172-83. [PMID: 25406261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00308.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is involved in the control of energy metabolism, and its inactivation protects mice against high-fat diet-induced diabesity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that partial deficiency in the Rb gene could confer metabolic advantages in front of acute challenges to metabolism and as mice age on a regular diet. Rb haploinsufficient (Rb(+/-)) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were studied from weaning and characterized at 1.5-2.5 mo of age (young adults) and 6-7.5 mo of age (mature adults). Whereas no differences in body weight or composition were observed at young age, mature adult Rb(+/-) mice were leaner than WT littermates, displaying 36% reduced body fat content. At both ages studied, Rb(+/-) mice displayed improved blood lipids, enhanced sensitivity to the blood glucose-lowering effect of insulin and to the anorectic effect of leptin, and a reduced respiratory exchange ratio, indicative of an increased use of fatty acids as a fuel. Insulin sensitivity and oral fat tolerance were better maintained with age in the Rb(+/-) than the WT mice. Mature adult Rb(+/-) mice displayed gene expression changes consistent with increased fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and paramount signs of browning in the inguinal white adipose tissue. In conclusion, Rb haploinsufficiency provides metabolic advantages in front of acute metabolic stressors and ameliorates body fat gain and metabolic impairments that normally accompany transition from young to mature adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar D Petrov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
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Bolsoni-Lopes A, Festuccia WT, Chimin P, Farias TSM, Torres-Leal FL, Cruz MM, Andrade PB, Hirabara SM, Lima FB, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic acid (n-7) increases white adipocytes GLUT4 content and glucose uptake in association with AMPK activation. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:199. [PMID: 25528561 PMCID: PMC4364637 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Palmitoleic acid was previously shown to improve glucose homeostasis by reducing hepatic glucose production and by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Herein we tested the hypothesis that palmitoleic acid positively modulates glucose uptake and metabolism in adipocytes. Methods For this, both differentiated 3 T3-L1 cells treated with either palmitoleic acid (16:1n7, 200 μM) or palmitic acid (16:0, 200 μM) for 24 h and primary adipocytes from mice treated with 16:1n7 (300 mg/kg/day) or oleic acid (18:1n9, 300 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 10 days were evaluated for glucose uptake, oxidation, conversion to lactate and incorporation into fatty acids and glycerol components of TAG along with the activity and expression of lipogenic enzymes. Results Treatment of adipocytes with palmitoleic, but not oleic (in vivo) or palmitic (in vitro) acids, increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 mRNA levels and protein content. Along with uptake, palmitoleic acid enhanced glucose oxidation (aerobic glycolysis), conversion to lactate (anaerobic glycolysis) and incorporation into glycerol-TAG, but reduced de novo fatty acid synthesis from glucose and acetate and the activity of lipogenic enzymes glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ATP-citrate lyase. Importantly, palmitoleic acid induction of adipocyte glucose uptake and metabolism were associated with AMPK activation as evidenced by the increased protein content of phospho(p)Thr172AMPKα, but no changes in pSer473Akt and pThr308Akt. Importantly, such increase in GLUT4 content induced by 16:1n7, was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK with compound C. Conclusions In conclusion, palmitoleic acid increases glucose uptake and the GLUT4 content in association with AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Isabel C Alonso-Vale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, 210, Sao Nicolau St,, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil.
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49
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Mušinović H, Bonet ML, Granados N, Amengual J, von Lintig J, Ribot J, Palou A. β-Carotene during the suckling period is absorbed intact and induces retinoic acid dependent responses similar to preformed vitamin A in intestine and liver, but not adipose tissue of young rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2157-65. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mušinović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Nuria Granados
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology; New York University School of Medicine; New York NY USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
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50
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Zhang YF, Yuan ZQ, Song DG, Zhou XH, Wang YZ. Effects ofcannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)on lipid accumulation by transcriptional control ofCPT1AandCPT1B. Anim Genet 2013; 45:38-47. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-F. Zhang
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Z.-Q. Yuan
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - D.-G. Song
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - X.-H. Zhou
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Y.-Z. Wang
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
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