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Zhao X, Xu C, Ding Y, Yan N. The multifaceted functions of NFE2L1 in metabolism and associated disorders. Life Sci 2024; 352:122906. [PMID: 38992575 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as Nrf1) is a crucial member of the CNC-bZIP subfamily of transcription factors expressed ubiquitously throughout our body. Recent findings have revealed its association with various metabolic processes, encompassing glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. In the realm of glucose metabolism, NFE2L1 exerts regulatory control by modulating pancreatic β cells and insulin production. It also influences glucose metabolism in liver and the insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue. Regarding lipid metabolism, NFE2L1 governs this process by influencing the expression of specific adipogenic and lipolysis genes in both liver and adipose tissue. Additionally, NFE2L1 regulates specific lipids, such as cholesterol. These involvements underlie various manifestations of NFE2L1 deficiency such as adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and steatohepatitis. In the realm of protein metabolism, NFE2L1 serves as a major transcription factor regulating the 26S proteasome genes expression, which dysfunction has been related with multiple diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, autoimmune conditions, etc. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the diverse roles that NFE2L1 plays in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, as well as its impact on diseases related to these metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuye Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Queen Mary College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Queen Mary College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Duan Z, Yang M, Yang J, Wu Z, Zhu Y, Jia Q, Ma X, Yin Y, Zheng J, Yang J, Jiang S, Hu L, Zhang J, Liu D, Huo Y, Yao L, Sun Y. AGFG1 increases cholesterol biosynthesis by disrupting intracellular cholesterol homeostasis to promote PDAC progression. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217130. [PMID: 39089666 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholesterol metabolism reprograming has been acknowledged as a novel feature of cancers. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer with a high demand of cholesterol for rapid growth. The underlying mechanism of how cholesterol metabolism homestasis are disturbed in PDAC is explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The relevance between PDAC and cholesterol was confirmed in TCGA database. The expression and clinical association were discovered in TCGA and GEO datasets. Knockdown and overexpression of AGFG1 was adopted to perform function studies. RNA sequencing, cholesterol detection, transmission electron microscope, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence et al. were utilized to reveal the underlying mechanism. RESULTS AGFG1 was identified as one gene positively correlated with cholesterol metabolism in PDAC as revealed by bioinformatics analysis. AGFG1 expression was then found associated with poor prognosis in PDAC. AGFG1 knockdown led to decreased proliferation of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. By RNA sequencing, we found AGFG1 upregulated expression leads to enhanced intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis. AGFG1 knockdown suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis and an accumulation of cholesterol in the ER. Mechanistically, we confirmed that AGFG1 interacted with CAV1 to relocate cholesterol for the proceeding of cholesterol biosynthesis, therefore causing disorders in intracellular cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the tumor-promoting role of AGFG1 by disturbing cholesterol metabolism homestasis in PDAC. Our study has present a new perspective on cancer therapeutic approach based on cholerstrol metabolism in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Duan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Minwei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Yuheng Zhu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qinyuan Jia
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xueshiyu Ma
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Yifan Yin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Lipeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, PR China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China.
| | - Yanmiao Huo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China.
| | - Linli Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China.
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Yang J, Yang J, Luo Y, Ran D, Xia R, Zheng Q, Yao P, Wang H. Nrf1 Reduces COX-2 Expression and Maintains Cellular Homeostasis After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion By Targeting IL-6/TNF-α Protein Production. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:41. [PMID: 39103507 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been considered involved in the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Transcription factors play a crucial role in regulating gene transcription and the expressions of specific proteins during the progression of various neurological diseases. Evidence showed that transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as Nrf1) possessed strong biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, its role and potential molecular mechanisms in CIRI remain unclear. In our study, we observed a significant elevation of Nrf1 in the cerebral cortex following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. The Nrf1 downregulation markedly raised COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein levels during middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion in rats, which led to worsened neurological deficits, higher cerebral infarct volume, and intensified cortical histopathological damage. In subsequent in vitro studies, the expression of Nrf1 protein increased following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion treatment on neurons. Subsequently, Nrf1 knockdown resulted in a significant upregulation of inflammatory factors, leading to a substantial increase in the cell death rate. Through analyzing the alterations in the expression of inflammatory factors under diverse interventions, it is indicated that Nrf1 possesses the capacity to discern variations in inflammatory factors via specific structural domains. Our findings demonstrate the translocation of the Nrf1 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thereby modulating the protein expression of IL-6/TNF-α and subsequently reducing the expression of multiple inflammatory factors. This study signifies, for the first time, that during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, Nrf1 translocases to the nucleus to regulate the protein expression of IL-6/TNF-α, consequently suppressing COX-2 expression and governing cellular inflammation, ultimately upholding cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rongsong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qixue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peishuang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Lv Q, Su T, Liu W, Wang L, Hu J, Cheng Y, Ning C, Shan W, Luo X, Chen X. Low Serum Apolipoprotein A1 Levels Impair Antitumor Immunity of CD8+ T Cells via the HIF-1α-Glycolysis Pathway. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:1058-1073. [PMID: 38752667 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
An immunosuppressive microenvironment promotes the occurrence and development of tumors. Low apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is closely related to tumor development, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated the association between serum ApoA1 levels and the immune microenvironment in endometrial, ovarian, and lung cancers. The serum ApoA1 level was decreased significantly in patients with endometrial and ovarian cancers compared with healthy controls. In endometrial cancer (EC) tissues, the low serum ApoA1 level group showed increased CD163+ macrophage infiltration and decreased CD8+ T-cell infiltration compared with the normal serum ApoA1 group. Compromised tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cell functions and decreased CD8+ T-cell infiltration also were found in tumor-bearing Apo1-knockout mice. CD8+ T-cell depletion experiments confirmed that ApoA1 exerted its antitumor activity in a CD8+ T-cell-dependent manner. In vitro experiments showed that the ApoA1 mimetic peptide L-4F directly potentiated the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells via a HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis pathway. Mechanistically, ApoA1 suppressed ubiquitin-mediated degradation of HIF-1α protein by downregulating HIF-1α subunit α inhibitor. This regulatory process maintained the stability of HIF-1α protein and activated the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Tumor-bearing Apoa1 transgenic mice showed an increased response to anti-PD-1 therapy, leading to reduced tumor growth along with increased infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells and enhanced tumor necrosis. The data reported herein demonstrate critical roles for ApoA1 in enhancing CD8+ T-cell immune functions via HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis and support clinical investigation of combining ApoA1 supplementation with anti-PD-1 therapy for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Lv
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tong Su
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiali Hu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yali Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Ning
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Shan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuezhen Luo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Lu Y, Sanchez DJ, Li J, Wang L, Meng X, Chen J, Kien TT, Zhong M, Gao W, Ding X. Region-Specific CD16 + Neutrophils Promote Colorectal Cancer Progression by Inhibiting Natural Killer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403414. [PMID: 38790136 PMCID: PMC11304263 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The colon is the largest compartment of the immune system, with innate immune cells exposed to antigens in the environment. However, the mechanisms by which the innate immune system is instigated are poorly defined in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, a population of CD16+ neutrophils that specifically accumulate in CRC tumor tissues by imaging mass cytometry (IMC), immune fluorescence, and flow cytometry, which demonstrated pro-tumor activity by disturbing natural killer (NK) cells are identified. It is found that these CD16+ neutrophils possess abnormal cholesterol accumulation due to activation of the CD16/TAK1/NF-κB axis, which upregulates scavenger receptors for cholesterol intake including CD36 and LRP1. Consequently, these region-specific CD16+ neutrophils not only competitively inhibit cholesterol intake of NK cells, which interrupts NK lipid raft formation and blocks their antitumor signaling but also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to induce the death of NK cells. Furthermore, CD16-knockout reverses the pro-tumor activity of neutrophils and restored NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, the findings suggest that CRC region-specific CD16+ neutrophils can be a diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Med‐X Research Institute & School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Zien Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Med‐X Research Institute & School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Yu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - David J. Sanchez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences DepartmentCollege of PharmacyWestern University of Health Sciences309 East 2nd StreetHPC 225PomonaCA90025USA
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2007Australia
| | - Linghao Wang
- Med‐X Research Institute & School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Xiaoxue Meng
- Med‐X Research Institute & School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Tran Trung Kien
- Oncology departmentUniversity Medical Shing Mark Hospital1054 Highway 51, Long Binh Tan Ward, Bien Hoa CityDong Nai76000Vietnam
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Med‐X Research Institute & School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
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Bairos JA, Njoku U, Zafar M, Akl MG, Li L, Parlakgul G, Arruda AP, Widenmaier SB. Sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT/ACAT) activity is required to form cholesterol crystals in hepatocyte lipid droplets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159512. [PMID: 38761895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excess cholesterol storage can induce the formation of cholesterol crystals in hepatocyte lipid droplets. Such crystals distinguish metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) from simple steatosis and may underlie its pathogenesis by causing cell damage that triggers liver inflammation. The mechanism linking cholesterol excess to its crystallization in lipid droplets is unclear. As cholesteryl esters localize to and accumulate in lipid droplets more readily than unesterified free cholesterol, we investigated whether cholesterol esterification by sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT), also known as acyl co-A cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), is required for hepatocyte lipid droplet crystal formation. METHOD Cholesterol crystals were measured in cholesterol loaded Hep3B hepatocytes, RAW264.7 macrophages, and mouse liver using polarizing light microscopy. We examined the effect of blocking SOAT activity on crystal formation and compared these results to features of cholesterol metabolism and the progression to intracellular crystal deposits. RESULTS Cholesterol loading of Hep3B cells caused robust levels of lipid droplet localized crystal formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Co-treatment with SOAT inhibitors and genetic ablation of SOAT1 blocked crystal formation. SOAT inhibitor also blocked crystal formation in low density lipoprotein (LDL) treated Hep3B cells, acetylated LDL treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and in the liver of mice genetically predisposed to hepatic cholesterol overload and in mice with cholesterol enriched diet-induced MASH. CONCLUSION SOAT1-mediated esterification may underlie cholesterol crystals associated with MASH by concentrating it in lipid droplets. These findings imply that inhibiting hepatocyte SOAT1 may be able to alleviate cholesterol associated MASH. Moreover, that either a lipid droplet localized cholesteryl ester hydrolase is required for cholesterol crystal formation, or the crystals are composed of cholesteryl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Bairos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Uche Njoku
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Maria Zafar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - May G Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gunes Parlakgul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ana Paula Arruda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Scott B Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Akl MG, Li L, Widenmaier SB. Protective Effects of Hepatocyte Stress Defenders, Nrf1 and Nrf2, against MASLD Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8046. [PMID: 39125617 PMCID: PMC11312428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatites liver disease (MASLD) to steatohepatitis (MASH) is driven by stress-inducing lipids that promote liver inflammation and fibrosis, and MASH can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, we showed coordinated defenses regulated by transcription factors, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-1 (Nrf1) and -2 (Nrf2), protect against hepatic lipid stress. Here, we investigated protective effects of hepatocyte Nrf1 and Nrf2 against MASH-linked liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis. Male and female mice with flox alleles for genes encoding Nrf1 (Nfe2l1), Nrf2 (Nfe2l2), or both were fed a MASH-inducing diet enriched with high fat, fructose, and cholesterol (HFFC) or a control diet for 24-52 weeks. During this period, hepatocyte Nrf1, Nrf2, or combined deficiency for ~7 days, ~7 weeks, and ~35 weeks was induced by administering mice hepatocyte-targeting adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing Cre recombinase. The effects on MASH, markers of liver fibrosis and proliferation, and liver tumorigenesis were compared to control mice receiving AAV-expressing green fluorescent protein. Also, to assess the impact of Nrf1 and Nrf2 induction on liver fibrosis, HFFC diet-fed C57bl/6J mice received weekly injections of carbon tetrachloride, and from week 16 to 24, mice were treated with the Nrf2-activating drug bardoxolone, hepatocyte overexpression of human NRF1 (hNRF1), or both, and these groups were compared to control. Compared to the control diet, 24-week feeding with the HFFC diet increased bodyweight as well as liver weight, steatosis, and inflammation. It also increased hepatocyte proliferation and a marker of liver damage, p62. Hepatocyte Nrf1 and combined deficiency increased liver steatosis in control diet-fed but not HFFC diet-fed mice, and increased liver inflammation under both diet conditions. Hepatocyte Nrf1 deficiency also increased hepatocyte proliferation, whereas combined deficiency did not, and this also occurred for p62 level in control diet-fed conditions. In 52-week HFFC diet-fed mice, 35 weeks of hepatocyte Nrf1 deficiency, but not combined deficiency, resulted in more liver tumors in male mice, but not in female mice. In contrast, hepatocyte Nrf2 deficiency had no effect on any of these parameters. However, in the 15-week CCL4-exposed and 24-week HFFC diet-fed mice, Nrf2 induction with bardoxolone reduced liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation. Induction of hepatic Nrf1 activity with hNRF1 enhanced the effect of bardoxolone on steatosis and may have stimulated liver progenitor cells. Physiologic Nrf1 delays MASLD progression, Nrf2 induction alleviates MASH, and combined enhancement synergistically protects against steatosis and may facilitate liver repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott B. Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.G.A.)
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Xiong G, Li J, Yao F, Yang F, Xiang Y. New insight into the CNC-bZIP member, NFE2L3, in human diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1430486. [PMID: 39149514 PMCID: PMC11325725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1430486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 3 (NFE2L3), a member of the CNC-bZIP subfamily and widely found in a variety of tissues, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored transcription factor that can be released from the ER and moved into the nucleus to bind the promoter region to regulate a series of target genes involved in antioxidant, inflammatory responses, and cell cycle regulation in response to extracellular or intracellular stress. Recent research, particularly in the past 5 years, has shed light on NFE2L3's participation in diverse biological processes, including cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, lipid homeostasis, immune responses, and tumor growth. Notably, NFE2L3 has been identified as a key player in the development and prognosis of multiple cancers including colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, research has linked NFE2L3 to other cancers such as lung adenocarcinoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, and laryngeal carcinoma, indicating its potential as a target for innovative cancer treatment approaches. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the role of NFE2L3 in disease, this review offers insights into the discovery, structure, function, and recent advancements in the study of NFE2L3 to lay the groundwork for the development of NFE2L3-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jintang County, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuli Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuancai Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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9
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Vignard V, Baruteau AE, Toutain B, Mercier S, Isidor B, Redon R, Schott JJ, Küry S, Bézieau S, Monsoro-Burq AH, Ebstein F. Exploring the origins of neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies associated with cardiac malformations: are neural crest cells central to certain pathological mechanisms? Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1370905. [PMID: 39071803 PMCID: PMC11272537 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1370905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies constitute a recently defined class of rare Mendelian disorders, arising from genomic alterations in proteasome-related genes. These alterations result in the dysfunction of proteasomes, which are multi-subunit protein complexes essential for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. The clinical phenotype of these diseases manifests as a syndromic association involving impaired neural development and multisystem abnormalities, notably craniofacial anomalies and malformations of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). These observations suggest that proteasome loss-of-function variants primarily affect specific embryonic cell types which serve as origins for both craniofacial structures and the conotruncal portion of the heart. In this hypothesis article, we propose that neural crest cells (NCCs), a highly multipotent cell population, which generates craniofacial skeleton, mesenchyme as well as the OFT of the heart, in addition to many other derivatives, would exhibit a distinctive vulnerability to protein homeostasis perturbations. Herein, we introduce the diverse cellular compensatory pathways activated in response to protein homeostasis disruption and explore their potential implications for NCC physiology. Altogether, the paper advocates for investigating proteasome biology within NCCs and their early cranial and cardiac derivatives, offering a rationale for future exploration and laying the initial groundwork for therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Vignard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Alban-Elouen Baruteau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, FHU PRECICARE, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CIC FEA 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Bérénice Toutain
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Redon
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sébastien Küry
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Anne H. Monsoro-Burq
- Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, CNRS, UMR 3347, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 3347, INSERM, Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
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10
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Yanagi KS, Jochim B, Kunjo SO, Breen P, Ruvkun G, Lehrbach N. Mutations in nucleotide metabolism genes bypass proteasome defects in png-1/NGLY1-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002720. [PMID: 38991033 PMCID: PMC11265709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The conserved SKN-1A/Nrf1 transcription factor regulates the expression of proteasome subunit genes and is essential for maintenance of adequate proteasome function in animal development, aging, and stress responses. Unusual among transcription factors, SKN-1A/Nrf1 is a glycoprotein synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). N-glycosylated SKN-1A/Nrf1 exits the ER and is deglycosylated in the cytosol by the PNG-1/NGLY1 peptide:N-glycanase. Deglycosylation edits the protein sequence of SKN-1A/Nrf1 by converting N-glycosylated asparagine residues to aspartate, which is necessary for SKN-1A/Nrf1 transcriptional activation of proteasome subunit genes. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the peptide:N-glycanase (NGLY1) gene cause NGLY1 deficiency, a congenital disorder of deglycosylation. There are no effective treatments for NGLY1 deficiency. Since SKN-1A/Nrf1 is a major client of NGLY1, the resulting proteasome deficit contributes to NGLY1 disease. We sought to identify targets for mitigation of proteasome dysfunction in NGLY1 deficiency that might indicate new avenues for treatment. We isolated mutations that suppress the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors caused by inactivation of the NGLY1 ortholog PNG-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified multiple suppressor mutations affecting 3 conserved genes: rsks-1, tald-1, and ent-4. We show that the suppressors act through a SKN-1/Nrf-independent mechanism and confer proteostasis benefits consistent with amelioration of proteasome dysfunction. ent-4 encodes an intestinal nucleoside/nucleotide transporter, and we show that restriction of nucleotide availability is beneficial, whereas a nucleotide-rich diet exacerbates proteasome dysfunction in PNG-1/NGLY1-deficient C. elegans. Our findings suggest that dietary or pharmacological interventions altering nucleotide availability have the potential to mitigate proteasome insufficiency in NGLY1 deficiency and other diseases associated with proteasome dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Yanagi
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Briar Jochim
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sheikh Omar Kunjo
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter Breen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gary Ruvkun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Lehrbach
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang K, Hong Z, Liu Z, Liu Z, Li G, Xu Y, Pi J, Fu J, Xu Y. Understanding the Transcription Factor NFE2L1/NRF1 from the Perspective of Hallmarks of Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:758. [PMID: 39061827 PMCID: PMC11274343 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells subvert multiple properties of normal cells, including escaping strict cell cycle regulation, gaining resistance to cell death, and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. The hallmarks of cancer have recently been updated and summarized. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also named NRF1) belongs to the cap'n'collar (CNC) basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) family. It acts as a transcription factor and is indispensable for maintaining both cellular homoeostasis and organ integrity during development and growth, as well as adaptive responses to pathophysiological stressors. In addition, NFE2L1 mediates the proteasome bounce-back effect in the clinical proteasome inhibitor therapy of neuroblastoma, multiple myeloma, and triple-negative breast cancer, which quickly induces proteasome inhibitor resistance. Recent studies have shown that NFE2L1 mediates cell proliferation and metabolic reprogramming in various cancer cell lines. We combined the framework provided by "hallmarks of cancer" with recent research on NFE2L1 to summarize the role and mechanism of NFE2L1 in cancer. These ongoing efforts aim to contribute to the development of potential novel cancer therapies that target the NFE2L1 pathway and its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhixuan Hong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zongfeng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Guichen Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Laboratory of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
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12
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Robert Li Y, Traore K, Zhu H. Novel molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: latest leading-edge advances and clinical implications. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1121-1132. [PMID: 37310587 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is among the most widely used cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. The clinical use of Dox is, however, limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Studies over the past several decades have suggested various mechanisms of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Among them are oxidative stress, topoisomerase inhibition, and mitochondrial damage. Several novel molecular targets and signaling pathways underlying DIC have emerged over the past few years. The most notable advances include discovery of ferroptosis as a major form of cell death in Dox cytotoxicity, and elucidation of the involvement of cardiogenetics and regulatory RNAs as well as multiple other targets in DIC. In this review, we discuss these advances, focusing on latest cutting-edge research discoveries from mechanistic studies reported in influential journals rather than surveying all research studies available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Robert Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Campbell University Jerry Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, 27560, USA.
| | - Kassim Traore
- Department of Biochemistry, Duquesne University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Campbell University Jerry Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, 27560, USA
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13
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Dowdy T, Vilamu HM, Lita A, Li A, Yamasaki T, Zhang L, Chari R, Song H, Zhang M, Zhang W, Briceno N, Davis D, Gilbert MR, Larion M. Targeting the sphingolipid rheostat in IDH1 mut glioma alters cholesterol homeostasis and triggers apoptosis via membrane degradation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591321. [PMID: 38903071 PMCID: PMC11188108 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The cross-regulation of metabolism and trafficking is not well understood for the vital sphingolipids and cholesterol constituents of cellular compartments. While reports are starting to surface on how sphingolipids like sphingomyelin (SM) dysregulate cholesterol levels in different cellular compartments (Jiang et al., 2022), limited research is available on the mechanisms driving the relationship between sphingolipids and cholesterol homeostasis, or its biological implications. Previously, we have identified sphingolipid metabolism as a unique vulnerability for IDH1 mut gliomas via a rational drug design. Herein, we show how modulating sphingolipid levels affects cholesterol homeostasis in brain tumors. However, we unexpectedly discovered for the first time that C17 sphingosine and NDMS addition to cancer cells alters cholesterol homeostasis by impacting its cellular synthesis, uptake, and efflux leading to a net decrease in cholesterol levels and inducing apoptosis. Our results reflect a reverse correlation between the levels of sphingosines, NDMS, and unesterified, free cholesterol in the cells. We show that increasing sphingosine and NDMS (a sphingosine analog) levels alter not only the trafficking of cholesterol between membranes but also the efflux and synthesis of cholesterol. We also demonstrate that despite the effort to remove free cholesterol by ABCA1-mediated efflux or by suppressing machinery for the influx (LDLR) and biosynthetic pathway (HMGCR), apoptosis is inevitable for IDH1 mut glioma cells. This is the first study that shows how altering sphingosine levels directly affects cholesterol homeostasis in cancer cells and can be used to manipulate this relationship to induce apoptosis in IDH1 mut gliomas.
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14
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Wakabayashi N, Yagishita Y, Joshi T, Kensler TW. Dual Deletion of Keap1 and Rbpjκ Genes in Liver Leads to Hepatomegaly and Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4712. [PMID: 38731931 PMCID: PMC11083431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatic deletion of Rbpjκ (RbpjF/F::AlbCre) in the mouse leads to exhibition of the Alagille syndrome phenotype during early postnatal liver development with hyperlipidemia and cholestasis due to attenuated disruption of NOTCH signaling. Given the roles of NRF2 signaling in the regulation of lipid metabolism and bile ductal formation, it was anticipated that these symptoms could be alleviated by enhancing NRF2 signaling in the RbpjF/F::AlbCre mouse by hepatic deletion of Keap1 in compound Keap1F/F::RbpjF/F::AlbCre mice. Unexpectedly, these mice developed higher hepatic and plasma cholesterol levels with more severe cholestatic liver damage during the pre-weaning period than in the RbpjF/F::AlbCre mice. In addition, hypercholesterolemia and hepatic damage were sustained throughout the growth period unlike in the RbpjF/F::AlbCre mouse. These enhanced abnormalities in lipid metabolism appear to be due to NRF2-dependent changes in gene expression related to cholesterol synthetic and subsequent bile acid production pathways. Notably, the hepatic expression of Cyp1A7 and Abcb11 genes involved in bile acid homeostasis was significantly reduced in Keap1F/F::RbpjF/F::AlbCre compared to RbpjF/F::AlbCre mice. The accumulation of liver cholesterol and the weakened capacity for bile excretion during the 3 pre-weaning weeks in the Keap1F/F::RbpjF/F::AlbCre mice may aggravate hepatocellular damage level caused by both excessive cholesterol and residual bile acid toxicity in hepatocytes. These results indicate that a tuned balance of NOTCH and NRF2 signaling is of biological importance for early liver development after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.W.); (T.J.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tanvi Joshi
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.W.); (T.J.)
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15
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Li Z, Yu S, Li L, Zhou C, Wang L, Tang S, Gu N, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Chen H, Tang W, Wang Y, Yang X, Sun X, Yan J. TREM2 alleviates white matter injury after traumatic brain injury in mice might be mediated by regulation of DHCR24/LXR pathway in microglia. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1665. [PMID: 38649789 PMCID: PMC11035381 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter injury (WMI) is an important pathological process after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The correlation between white matter functions and the myeloid cells expressing triggering receptor-2 (TREM2) has been convincingly demonstrated. Moreover, a recent study revealed that microglial sterol metabolism is crucial for early remyelination after demyelinating diseases. However, the potential roles of TREM2 expression and microglial sterol metabolism in WMI after TBI have not yet been explored. METHODS Controlled cortical injury was induced in both wild-type (WT) and TREM2 depletion (TREM2 KO) mice to simulate clinical TBI. COG1410 was used to upregulate TREM2, while PLX5622 and GSK2033 were used to deplete microglia and inhibit the liver X receptor (LXR), respectively. Immunofluorescence, Luxol fast blue staining, magnetic resonance imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and oil red O staining were employed to assess WMI after TBI. Neurological behaviour tests and electrophysiological recordings were utilized to evaluate cognitive functions following TBI. Microglial cell sorting and transcriptomic sequencing were utilized to identify alterations in microglial sterol metabolism-related genes, while western blot was conducted to validate the findings. RESULTS TREM2 expressed highest at 3 days post-TBI and was predominantly localized to microglial cells within the white matter. Depletion of TREM2 worsened aberrant neurological behaviours, and this phenomenon was mediated by the exacerbation of WMI, reduced renewal of oligodendrocytes, and impaired phagocytosis ability of microglia after TBI. Subsequently, the upregulation of TREM2 alleviated WMI, promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration, and ultimately facilitated the recovery of neurological behaviours after TBI. Finally, the expression of DHCR24 increased in TREM2 KO mice after TBI. Interestingly, TREM2 inhibited DHCR24 and upregulated members of the LXR pathway. Moreover, LXR inhibition could partially reverse the effects of TREM2 upregulation on electrophysiological activities. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that TREM2 has the potential to alleviate WMI following TBI, possibly through the DHCR24/LXR pathway in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Emergency DepartmentChengdu First People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Shenghui Yu
- Emergency DepartmentChengdu First People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Lin Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Emergency DepartmentChengdu First People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryNanchong Central HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of NeurosurgerySuining Central HospitalSuiningChina
| | - Nina Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhaosi Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yingwen Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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16
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Gong X, Huang M, Chen L. NRF1 mitigates motor dysfunction and dopamine neuron degeneration in mice with Parkinson's disease by promoting GLRX m 6 A methylation through upregulation of METTL3 transcription. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14441. [PMID: 37735974 PMCID: PMC10916419 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the heavy dopaminergic neuron loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), while glutaredoxin (GLRX) has been discovered to modulate the death of dopaminergic neurons. In this context, this study was implemented to uncover the impact of GRX1 on motor dysfunction and dopamine neuron degeneration in PD mice and its potential mechanism. METHODS A PD mouse model was established via injection with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into mice. After gain- and loss-of-function assays in mice, motor coordination was assessed using rotarod, pole, and open-field tests, and neurodegeneration in mouse SNpc tissues was determined using immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase and Nissl staining. NRF1, methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), and GLRX expression in SNpc tissues were evaluated using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) levels of GLRX mRNA were examined using MeRIP. The relationship among NRF1, METTL3, and GLRX was determined by RIP, ChIP, and dual luciferase assays. RESULTS Low GLRX, METTL3, and NRF1 expression were observed in MPTP-induced mice, accompanied by decreased m6 A modification level of GLRX mRNA. GLRX overexpression alleviated motor dysfunction and dopamine neuron degeneration in MPTP-induced mice. METTL3 promoted m6 A modification and IGF2BP2-dependent stability of GLRX mRNA, and NRF1 increased METTL3 expression by binding to METTL3 promoter. NRF1 overexpression increased m6 A modification of GLRX mRNA and repressed motor dysfunction and dopamine neuron degeneration in MPTP-induced mice, which was counteracted by METTL3 knockdown. CONCLUSION Conclusively, NRF1 constrained motor dysfunction and dopamine neuron degeneration in MPTP-induced PD mice by activating the METTL3/GLRX axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanP.R. China
| | - Mengyi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanP.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanP.R. China
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17
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Sekine H, Motohashi H. Unique and overlapping roles of NRF2 and NRF1 in transcriptional regulation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:91-96. [PMID: 38510688 PMCID: PMC10948342 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription is regulated by specific transcription factors that mediate signaling in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli such as nutrients, hormones, and oxidative stresses. Many transcription factors are grouped based on their highly conserved DNA binding domains. Consequently, transcription factors within the same family often exhibit functional redundancy and compensation. NRF2 (NFE2L2) and NRF1 (NFE2L1) belong to the CNC family transcription factors, which are responsible for various stress responses. Although their DNA binding properties are strikingly similar, NRF2 and NRF1 are recognized to play distinct roles in a cell by mediating responses to oxidative stress and proteotoxic stress, respectively. In this review, we here overview the distinct and shared roles of NRF2 and NRF1 in the transcriptional regulation of target genes, with a particular focus on the nuclear protein binding partners associated with each factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sekine
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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18
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Guerra J, Matta L, Bartelt A. Cardiac proteostasis in obesity and cardiovascular disease. Herz 2024; 49:118-123. [PMID: 38329532 PMCID: PMC10917825 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-024-05233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are closely linked to protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and its failure. Beside genetic mutations that impair cardiac protein quality control, obesity is a strong risk factor for heart disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional and impacts heart function and CVD progression by releasing cytokines that contribute to systemic insulin resistance and cardiovascular dysfunction. In addition, chronic inflammation and lipotoxicity compromise endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, eliciting stress responses that overwhelm protein quality control beyond its capacity. Impairment of proteostasis-including dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy, and the depletion of chaperones-is intricately linked to cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Interventions targeting UPS and autophagy pathways are new potential strategies for re-establishing protein homeostasis and improving heart function. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as dietary interventions and exercise have been shown to promote cardiac proteostasis and overall metabolic health. The pursuit of future research dedicated to proteostasis and protein quality control represents a pioneering approach for enhancing cardiac health and addressing the complexities of obesity-related cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Guerra
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 30, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Matta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 30, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 30, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
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19
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Wang S, Shi M, Zhang Y, Niu J, Li W, Yuan J, Cai C, Yang Y, Gao P, Guo X, Li B, Lu C, Cao G. Construction of LncRNA-Related ceRNA Networks in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Jinfen White Pigs at Different Developmental Stages. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:340-354. [PMID: 38248324 PMCID: PMC10814722 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of skeletal muscle in pigs might determine the quality of pork. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play an important role in skeletal muscle growth and development. In this study, we investigated the whole transcriptome of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of Jinfen White pigs at three developmental stages (1, 90, and 180 days) and performed a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs, mRNAs, and micro-RNAs (miRNAs), aiming to find the key regulators and interaction networks in Jinfen White pigs. A total of 2638 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) and 982 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) were identified. Compared with JFW_1d, there were 497 up-regulated and 698 down-regulated DE mRNAs and 212 up-regulated and 286 down-regulated DE lncRNAs in JFW_90d, respectively. In JFW_180d, there were 613 up-regulated and 895 down-regulated DE mRNAs and 184 up-regulated and 131 down-regulated DE lncRNAs compared with JFW_1d. There were 615 up-regulated and 477 down-regulated DE mRNAs and 254 up-regulated and 355 down-regulated DE lncRNAs in JFW_180d compared with JFW_90d. Compared with mRNA, lncRNA has fewer exons, fewer ORFs, and a shorter length. We performed GO and KEGG pathway functional enrichment analysis for DE mRNAs and the potential target genes of DE lncRNAs. As a result, several pathways are involved in muscle growth and development, such as the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, hedgehog, and hippo signaling pathways. These are among the pathways through which mRNA and lncRNAs function. As part of this study, bioinformatic screening was used to identify miRNAs and DE lncRNAs that could act as ceRNAs. Finally, we constructed an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulation network containing 26 mRNAs, 7 miRNAs, and 17 lncRNAs; qRT-PCR was used to verify the key genes in these networks. Among these, XLOC_022984/miR-127/ENAH and XLOC_016847/miR-486/NRF1 may function as key ceRNA networks. In this study, we obtained transcriptomic profiles from the LDM of Jinfen White pigs at three developmental stages and screened out lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks that may provide crucial information for the further exploration of the molecular mechanisms during skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang Lu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu 030801, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.N.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (Y.Y.); (P.G.); (X.G.); (B.L.)
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu 030801, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.N.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (Y.Y.); (P.G.); (X.G.); (B.L.)
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20
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Neha, Wali Z, Pinky, Hattiwale SH, Jamal A, Parvez S. GLP-1/Sigma/RAGE receptors: An evolving picture of Alzheimer's disease pathology and treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102134. [PMID: 38008402 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
According to the facts and figures 2023stated that 6.7 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer's disease (AD). The scenario of AD has reached up to the maximum, of 4.1 million individuals, 2/3rd are female patients, and approximately 1 in 9 adults over the age of 65 have dementia with AD dementia. The fact that there are now no viable treatments for AD indicates that the underlying disease mechanisms are not fully understood. The progressive neurodegenerative disease, AD is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein and senile plaques (SPs), which are brought on by the buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ). Numerous attempts have been made to produce compounds that interfere with these characteristics because of significant research efforts into the primary pathogenic hallmark of this disorder. Here, we summarize several research that highlights interesting therapy strategies and the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1, Sigma, and, AGE-RAGE receptors in pre-clinical and clinical AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Zitin Wali
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pinky
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Shaheenkousar H Hattiwale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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21
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Teigen M, Ølnes ÅS, Bjune K, Leren TP, Bogsrud MP, Strøm TB. Functional characterization of missense variants affecting the extracellular domains of ABCA1 using a fluorescence-based assay. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100482. [PMID: 38052254 PMCID: PMC10792246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess cholesterol originating from nonhepatic tissues is transported within HDL particles to the liver for metabolism and excretion. Cholesterol efflux is initiated by lipid-free or lipid-poor apolipoprotein A1 interacting with the transmembrane protein ABCA1, a key player in cholesterol homeostasis. Defective ABCA1 results in reduced serum levels of HDL cholesterol, deposition of cholesterol in arteries, and an increased risk of early onset CVD. Over 300 genetic variants in ABCA1 have been reported, many of which are associated with reduced HDL cholesterol levels. Only a few of these have been functionally characterized. In this study, we have analyzed 51 previously unclassified missense variants affecting the extracellular domains of ABCA1 using a sensitive, easy, and low-cost fluorescence-based assay. Among these, only 12 variants showed a distinct loss-of-function phenotype, asserting their direct association with severe HDL disorders. These findings emphasize the crucial role of functional characterization of genetic variants in pathogenicity assessment and precision medicine. The functional rescue of ABCA1 loss-of-function variants through proteasomal inhibition or by the use of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid was genotype specific. Genotype-specific responses were also observed for the ability of apolipoprotein A1 to stabilize the different ABCA1 variants. In view of personalized medicine, this could potentially form the basis for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Teigen
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsa Schawlann Ølnes
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Bjune
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Prøven Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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22
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Liu K, Hu S, Qiu L, Wang M, Zhang Z, Sun G, Zhang Y. Nrf1 is not a direct target gene of SREBP1, albeit both are integrated into the rapamycin-responsive regulatory network in human hepatoma cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294508. [PMID: 38011090 PMCID: PMC10681226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential role of protein degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system is exerted primarily for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. The transcriptional activation of proteasomal genes by mTORC1 signaling depends on Nrf1, but whether this process is directly via SREBP1 remains elusive. In this study, our experiment evidence revealed that Nrf1 is not a direct target of SREBP1, although both are involved in the rapamycin-responsive regulatory networks. Closely scrutinizing two distinct transcriptomic datasets unraveled no significant changes in transcriptional expression of Nrf1 and almost all proteasomal subunits in either siSREBP2-silencing cells or SREBP1-∕-MEFs, when compared to equivalent controls. However, distinct upstream signaling to Nrf1 dislocation by p97 and its processing by DDI1/2, along with downstream proteasomal expression, may be monitored by mTOR signaling, to various certain extents, depending on distinct experimental settings in different types of cells. Our further evidence has been obtained from DDI1-∕-(DDI2insC) cells, demonstrating that putative effects of mTOR on the rapamycin-responsive signaling to Nrf1 and proteasomes may also be executed partially through a DDI1/2-independent mechanism, albeit the detailed regulatory events remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Liu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
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23
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Ho DV, Suryajaya KG, Manh K, Duong AN, Chan JY. Characterization of NFE2L1-616, an isoform of nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related transcription factor-1 that activates antioxidant response element-regulated genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19900. [PMID: 37963997 PMCID: PMC10646089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The NFE2L1 transcription factor (aka Nrf1) is a basic leucine zipper protein that performs a critical role in the cellular stress response pathway. Here, we characterized a novel variant of NFE2L1 referred to as NFE2L1-616. The transcript encoding NFE2L1-616 is derived from an intronic promoter, and it has a distinct first exon than other reported full-length NFE2L1 isoforms. The NFE2L1-616 protein constitutively localizes in the nucleus as it lacks the N-terminal amino acid residues that targets other full-length NFE2L1 isoforms to the endoplasmic reticulum. The expression level of NFE2L1-616 is lower than other NFE2L1 isoforms. It is widely expressed across different cell lines and tissues that were examined. NFE2L1-616 showed strong transcriptional activity driving luciferase reporter expression from a promoter containing antioxidant response element. Together, the results suggest that NFE2L1-616 variant can function as a positive regulator in the transcriptional regulation of NFE2L1 responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kaylen G Suryajaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Manh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Amanda N Duong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jefferson Y Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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24
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Guo M, Abd-Rabbo D, Bertol BC, Carew M, Lukhele S, Snell LM, Xu W, Boukhaled GM, Elsaesser H, Halaby MJ, Hirano N, McGaha TL, Brooks DG. Molecular, metabolic, and functional CD4 T cell paralysis in the lymph node impedes tumor control. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113047. [PMID: 37651234 PMCID: PMC10578141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cells are central effectors of anti-cancer immunity and immunotherapy, yet the regulation of CD4 tumor-specific T (TTS) cells is unclear. We demonstrate that CD4 TTS cells are quickly primed and begin to divide following tumor initiation. However, unlike CD8 TTS cells or exhaustion programming, CD4 TTS cell proliferation is rapidly frozen in place by a functional interplay of regulatory T cells and CTLA4. Together these mechanisms paralyze CD4 TTS cell differentiation, redirecting metabolic circuits, and reducing their accumulation in the tumor. The paralyzed state is actively maintained throughout cancer progression and CD4 TTS cells rapidly resume proliferation and functional differentiation when the suppressive constraints are alleviated. Overcoming their paralysis established long-term tumor control, demonstrating the importance of rapidly crippling CD4 TTS cells for tumor progression and their potential restoration as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diala Abd-Rabbo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruna C Bertol
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madeleine Carew
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabelo Lukhele
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Snell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wenxi Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giselle M Boukhaled
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heidi Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Jo Halaby
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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25
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Qusairy Z, Gangloff A, Leung SOA. Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Ovarian Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8386-8400. [PMID: 37754524 PMCID: PMC10527727 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an essential role in maintaining the rigidity of cell membranes and signal transduction. Various investigations confirmed empirically that the dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis positively correlates with tumor progression. More specifically, recent studies suggested the distinct role of cholesterol in ovarian cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize the current findings that suggest the contribution of cholesterol homeostasis dysregulation to ovarian cancer progression and resistance to anti-cancer agents. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of cholesterol-lowering drugs in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Qusairy
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anne Gangloff
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Shuk On Annie Leung
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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26
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Dai W, Zhang H, Lund H, Zhang Z, Castleberry M, Rodriguez M, Kuriakose G, Gupta S, Lewandowska M, Powers HR, Valmiki S, Zhu J, Shapiro AD, Hussain MM, López JA, Sorci-Thomas MG, Silverstein RL, Ginsberg HN, Sahoo D, Tabas I, Zheng Z. Intracellular tPA-PAI-1 interaction determines VLDL assembly in hepatocytes. Science 2023; 381:eadh5207. [PMID: 37651538 PMCID: PMC10697821 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoproteins initiate and promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity is negatively associated with atherogenic apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in humans, but the mechanisms are unknown. We found that tPA, partially through the lysine-binding site on its Kringle 2 domain, binds to the N terminus of apoB, blocking the interaction between apoB and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in hepatocytes, thereby reducing very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and plasma apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) sequesters tPA away from apoB and increases VLDL assembly. Humans with PAI-1 deficiency have smaller VLDL particles and lower plasma levels of apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol. These results suggest a mechanism that fine-tunes VLDL assembly by intracellular interactions among tPA, PAI-1, and apoB in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Maya Rodriguez
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - George Kuriakose
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | | | - Hayley R. Powers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Swati Valmiki
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amy D. Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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27
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Liu X, Xu C, Xiao W, Yan N. Unravelling the role of NFE2L1 in stress responses and related diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102819. [PMID: 37473701 PMCID: PMC10404558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as Nrf1) is a highly conserved transcription factor that belongs to the CNC-bZIP subfamily. Its significance lies in its control over redox balance, proteasome activity, and organ integrity. Stress responses encompass a series of compensatory adaptations utilized by cells and organisms to cope with extracellular or intracellular stress initiated by stressful stimuli. Recently, extensive evidence has demonstrated that NFE2L1 plays a crucial role in cellular stress adaptation by 1) responding to oxidative stress through the induction of antioxidative responses, and 2) addressing proteotoxic stress or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), unfolded protein response (UPR), and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). It is worth noting that NFE2L1 serves as a core factor in proteotoxic stress adaptation, which has been extensively studied in cancer and neurodegeneration associated with enhanced proteasomal stress. In these contexts, utilization of NFE2L1 inhibitors to attenuate proteasome "bounce-back" response holds tremendous potential for enhancing the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors. Additionally, abnormal stress adaptations of NFE2L1 and disturbances in redox and protein homeostasis contribute to the pathophysiological complications of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a comprehensive exploration of the molecular basis of NFE2L1 and NFE2L1-mediated diseases related to stress responses would not only facilitate the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic indicators but also enable the identification of specific therapeutic targets for NFE2L1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Xu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wanglong Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nianlong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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28
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Elshani M, Um IH, Leung S, Reynolds PA, Chapman A, Kudsy M, Harrison DJ. Transcription Factor NFE2L1 Decreases in Glomerulonephropathies after Podocyte Damage. Cells 2023; 12:2165. [PMID: 37681897 PMCID: PMC10487238 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte cellular injury and detachment from glomerular capillaries constitute a critical factor contributing to kidney disease. Notably, transcription factors are instrumental in maintaining podocyte differentiation and homeostasis. This study explores the hitherto uninvestigated expression of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 1 (NFE2L1) in podocytes. We evaluated the podocyte expression of NFE2L1, Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NFE2L2), and NAD(P)H:quinone Oxidoreductase (NQO1) in 127 human glomerular disease biopsies using multiplexed immunofluorescence and image analysis. We found that both NFE2L1 and NQO1 expressions were significantly diminished across all observed renal diseases. Furthermore, we exposed human immortalized podocytes and ex vivo kidney slices to Puromycin Aminonucleoside (PAN) and characterized the NFE2L1 protein isoform expression. PAN treatment led to a reduction in the nuclear expression of NFE2L1 in ex vivo kidney slices and podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Elshani
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK (D.J.H.)
- Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh EH16 6NA, UK
- NuCana plc, 3 Lochside Way, Edinburgh EH12 9DT, UK
| | - In Hwa Um
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK (D.J.H.)
| | - Steve Leung
- Urology Department, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Paul A. Reynolds
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK (D.J.H.)
| | - Alex Chapman
- Urology Department, Victoria Hospital, Hayfield Road, Kirkcaldy KY2 5AH, UK
| | - Mary Kudsy
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK (D.J.H.)
| | - David J. Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK (D.J.H.)
- Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh EH16 6NA, UK
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Akl MG, Baccetto R, Stebbings BM, Li L, Widenmaier SB. Euglycemia is affected by stress defense factor hepatocyte NRF1, but not NRF2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 668:96-103. [PMID: 37245295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte stress signaling has been established to alter glucose metabolism and impair systemic glucose homeostasis. In contrast, the role of stress defenses in the control of glucose homeostasis is less understood. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (NRF1) and -2 (NRF2) are transcription factors that promote stress defense and can exert hepatocyte stress defense programming via complementary gene regulation. To identify whether there are independent or complementary roles of these factors in hepatocytes on glucose homeostasis, we investigated the effect of adult-onset, hepatocyte-specific deletion of NRF1, NRF2, or both on glycemia in mice fed 1-3 weeks with a mildly stressful diet enriched with fat, fructose, and cholesterol. Compared to respective control, NRF1 deficiency and combined deficiency reduced glycemia, in some cases resulting in hypoglycemia, whereas there was no effect of NRF2 deficiency. However, reduced glycemia in NRF1 deficiency did not occur in the leptin-deficient mouse model of obesity and diabetes, suggesting hepatocyte NRF1 support defenses that counteract hypoglycemia but does not promote hyperglycemia. Consistent with this, NRF1 deficiency was associated with reduced liver glycogen and glycogen synthase expression as well as marked alteration to circulating level of glycemia-influencing hormones, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1). Overall, we identify a role for hepatocyte NRF1 in modulating glucose homeostasis, which may be linked to liver glycogen storage and the growth hormone/IGF1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- May G Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Raquel Baccetto
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brynne M Stebbings
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Scott B Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Kennewick KT, Bensinger SJ. Decoding the crosstalk between mevalonate metabolism and T cell function. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:71-94. [PMID: 36999733 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is an essential metabolic pathway in T cells regulating development, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and effector functions. The mevalonate pathway is a complex, branched pathway composed of many enzymes that ultimately generate cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. T cells must tightly control metabolic flux through the branches of the mevalonate pathway to ensure sufficient isoprenoids and cholesterol are available to meet cellular demands. Unbalanced metabolite flux through the sterol or the nonsterol isoprenoid branch is metabolically inefficient and can have deleterious consequences for T cell fate and function. Accordingly, there is tight regulatory control over metabolic flux through the branches of this essential lipid synthetic pathway. In this review we provide an overview of how the branches of the mevalonate pathway are regulated in T cells and discuss our current understanding of the relationship between mevalonate metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly T Kennewick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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31
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Wang Y, Snell A, Dyka FM, Colvin ER, Ildefonso C, Ash JD, Lobanova ES. Overexpression of Nfe2l1 increases proteasome activity and delays vision loss in a preclinical model of human blindness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5479. [PMID: 37450596 PMCID: PMC10348684 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteasomes are the central proteolytic machines that are critical for breaking down most of the damaged and abnormal proteins in human cells. Although universally applicable drugs are not yet available, the stimulation of proteasomal activity is being analyzed as a proof-of-principle strategy to increase cellular resistance to a broad range of proteotoxic stressors. These approaches have included the stimulation of proteasomes through the overexpression of individual proteasome subunits, phosphorylation, or conformational changes induced by small molecules or peptides. In contrast to these approaches, we evaluated a transcription-driven increase in the total proteasome pool to enhance the proteolytic capacity of degenerating retinal neurons. We show that overexpression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-like 1 (Nfe2l1) transcription factor stimulated proteasome biogenesis and activity, improved the clearance of the ubiquitin-proteasomal reporter, and delayed photoreceptor neuron loss in a preclinical mouse model of human blindness caused by misfolded proteins. The findings highlight Nfe2l1 as an emerging therapeutic target to treat neurodegenerative diseases linked to protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aaron Snell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Frank M. Dyka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Colvin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cristhian Ildefonso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John D. Ash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ekaterina S. Lobanova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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32
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Trites MJ, Stebbings BM, Aoki H, Phanse S, Akl MG, Li L, Babu M, Widenmaier SB. HDL functionality is dependent on hepatocyte stress defense factors Nrf1 and Nrf2. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1212785. [PMID: 37501930 PMCID: PMC10369849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1212785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) promote homeostasis and counteract stressful tissue damage that underlie cardiovascular and other diseases by mediating reverse cholesterol transport, reducing inflammation, and abrogating oxidative damage. However, metabolically stressful conditions associated with atherosclerosis can impair these effects. Hepatocytes play a major role in the genesis and maturation of circulating HDL, and liver stress elicits marked regulatory changes to circulating HDL abundance and composition, which affect its functionality. The mechanisms linking liver stress to HDL function are incompletely understood. In this study, we sought to determine whether stress defending transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (Nrf1) and -2 (Nrf2) promote hepatocyte production of functional HDL. Using genetically engineered mice briefly fed a mild metabolically stressful diet, we investigated the effect of hepatocyte-specific deletion of Nrf1, Nrf2, or both on circulating HDL cholesterol, protein composition, and function. Combined deletion, but not single gene deletion, reduced HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 levels as well as the capacity of HDL to accept cholesterol undergoing efflux from cultured macrophages and to counteract tumor necrosis factor α-induced inflammatory effect on cultured endothelial cells. This coincided with substantial alteration to the HDL proteome, which correlated with liver gene expression profiles of corresponding proteins. Thus, our findings show complementary actions by hepatocyte Nrf1 and Nrf2 play a role in shaping HDL abundance and composition to promote production of functionally viable HDL. Consequently, our study illuminates the possibility that enhancing stress defense programming in the liver may improve atheroprotective and perhaps other health promoting actions of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Trites
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Brynne M. Stebbings
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - May G. Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott B. Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Yang W, Wang S, Zhao Y, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Tian Y, Fan W, Li M, Zhang B, Cao J, Xu C. Regulation of cholesterol metabolism during high fatty acid-induced lipid deposition in calf hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00370-3. [PMID: 37419743 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol in the circulation is partly driven by changes in feed intake, but aspects of cholesterol metabolism during development of fatty liver are not well known. The objective of this study was to investigate mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism in calf hepatocytes challenged with high concentrations of fatty acids (FA). To address mechanistic insights regarding cholesterol metabolism, liver samples were collected from healthy control dairy cows (n = 6; 7-13 d in milk) and cows with fatty liver (n = 6; 7-11 d in milk). In vitro, hepatocytes isolated from 3 healthy female calves (1 d old) were challenged with or without a mix of 1.2 mM FA to induce metabolic stress. In addition, hepatocytes were processed with 10 µmol/L of the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor simvastatin or 6 µmol/L of the cholesterol intracellular transport inhibitor U18666A with or without the 1.2 mM FA mix. To evaluate the role of cholesterol addition, hepatocytes were treated with 0.147 mg/mL methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD + FA) or 0.147 mg/mL MβCD with or without 10 and 100 µmol/L cholesterol before incubation with FA (CHO10 + FA and CHO100 + FA). In vivo data from liver biopsies were analyzed by 2-tailed unpaired Student's t-test. Data from in vitro calf hepatocytes were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Compared with healthy cows, blood plasma total cholesterol and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in cows with fatty liver was markedly lower, whereas the hepatic total cholesterol content did not differ. In contrast, compared with healthy controls, the triacylglycerol content in the liver and the content of FA, β-hydroxybutyrate, and aspartate aminotransferase in the plasma of cows with fatty liver were greater. The results revealed that both fatty liver in vivo and challenge of calf hepatocytes with 1.2 mM FA in vitro led to greater mRNA and protein abundance of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). In contrast, mRNA and protein abundance of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2), acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol acyltransferase, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) were lower. Compared with the FA group, the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor simvastatin led to greater protein abundance of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and mRNA abundance of SREBF2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), ACAT2, and lower ABCA1 and FASN protein abundance. In contrast, compared with the FA group, the cholesterol intracellular transport inhibitor U18666A + FA led to greater total cholesterol concentration and greater protein and mRNA abundance of FASN. Compared with the MβCD + FA group, the addition of 10 µmol/L cholesterol led to greater concentration of cholesteryl ester and excretion of apolipoprotein B100, and greater protein and mRNA abundance of ABCA1 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, and lower concentration of malondialdehyde. Overall, a reduction in cholesterol synthesis promoted FA metabolism in hepatocytes likely to relieve the oxidative stress caused by the high FA load. The data suggest that maintenance of normal cholesterol synthesis promotes very low-density lipoprotein excretion and can reduce lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in dairy cows that experience fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yan Tian
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ming Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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Liqiang S, Fang-Hui L, Minghui Q, Yanan Y, Haichun C. Free fatty acids and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are correlated with chronic inflammation in obesity. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:93. [PMID: 37403139 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related chronic inflammation is closely related to the ability of immune cells to adapt to the body's needs, research has shown that excess FAs can further activate pro-inflammatory transcription factors in the nucleus by interacting with various receptors such as CD36 and TLR4, thereby affecting the inflammatory state of cells. However, how the profile of various fatty acids in the blood of obese individuals is associated with chronic inflammation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The biomarkers associated with obesity were identified from 40 fatty acids (FAs) in the blood, and analyze the relationship between the biomarkers and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, by analyzing the difference in the expression of CD36, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between obese and standard weight people, understand that immunophenotype PBMC is associated with chronic inflammation. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from the Yangzhou Lipan weight loss training camp from May 2020 to July 2020. The sample size was 52 individuals, including 25 in the normal weight group and 27 in the obesity group. Individuals with obesity and controls of normal weight were recruited to identify biomarkers associated with obesity from 40 fatty acids in the blood; correlation analysis was conducted between the screened potential biomarkers FAs and the chronic inflammation index hs-CRP to identify FA biomarkers associated with chronic inflammation. Changes in the fatty acid receptor CD36, inflammatory receptor TLR4, and inflammatory nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65 in PBMC subsets were used to further test the relationship between fatty acids and the inflammatory state in individuals with obesity. RESULTS 23 potential FA biomarkers for obesity were screened, eleven of the potential obesity biomarkers were also significantly related to hs-CRP. Compared to the control group, in monocytes the obesity group expressed higher TLR4, CD36, and NF-κB p65 in lymphocytes, the obesity group expressed higher TLR4 and CD36; and in granulocytes the obesity group expressed higher CD36. CONCLUSION Blood FAs are associated with obesity and are associated with chronic inflammation through increased CD36, TLR4, and NF-κB p65 in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liqiang
- Key Lab of Aquatic Sports Training Monitoring and Intervention of General Administration of Sport of China, Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Fang-Hui
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Minghui
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Yanan
- Key Lab of Aquatic Sports Training Monitoring and Intervention of General Administration of Sport of China, Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chen Haichun
- Key Lab of Aquatic Sports Training Monitoring and Intervention of General Administration of Sport of China, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
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Ishii K, Hido M, Sakamura M, Virgona N, Yano T. α-Tocotrienol and Redox-Silent Analogs of Vitamin E Enhances Bortezomib Sensitivity in Solid Cancer Cells through Modulation of NFE2L1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119382. [PMID: 37298331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have emerged as an attractive novel cancer therapy. However, most solid cancers are seemingly resistant to PIs. The activation of transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (NFE2L1) has been characterized as a potential resistance response to protect and restore proteasome activity in cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrated that α-Tocotrienol (T3) and redox-silent analogs of vitamin E (TOS, T3E) enhanced the sensitivity of bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor, in solid cancers through modulation of NFE2L1. In BTZ treatment, all of T3, TOS, and T3E inhibited an increase in the protein levels of NFE2L1, the expression levels of proteasome-related proteins, as well as the recovery of proteasome activity. Moreover, the combination of one of T3, TOS, or T3E and BTZ induced a significant decrease in cell viability in solid cancer cell lines. These findings suggested that the inactivation of NFE2L1 by T3, TOS, and T3E is essential to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of the proteasome inhibitor, BTZ, in solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Bromacology, Graduate School of Sports Health, Toyo University, Akabane City 115-8650, Japan
| | - Mayuko Hido
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura 374-0193, Japan
| | - Misaki Sakamura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura 374-0193, Japan
| | - Nantiga Virgona
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Akabane City 115-8650, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Akabane City 115-8650, Japan
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Lei J, Wu L, Zhou M, Wang J, Yang S, Zhang X, Yan G, Li Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells deficient in cholesterol biosynthesis promote tumor immune evasion. Cancer Lett 2023; 564:216208. [PMID: 37150500 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is one of the most promising anticancer strategies. Metabolic reprogramming is vital for MDSC activation, however, the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol metabolic reprogramming in MDSCs remains largely unexplored. Using the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-deficient MDSC model, a previously established tumor-infiltrating MDSC-like model, we found that the cholesterol accumulation was significantly decreased in these cells. Moreover, the phosphorylated AKT-mTORC1 signaling was reduced, and downstream SREBP2-HMGCR-mediated cholesterol synthesis was blunted. Interestingly, cholesterol deficiency profoundly elevated the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs. Mechanistically, cholesterol elimination induced nuclear accumulation of LXRβ, thereby promoting LXRβ-RXRα heterodimer binding of a novel composite element in the promoter of Arg1. Furthermore, itraconazole enhanced the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs to boost tumor growth by suppressing the RIPK3-AKT-mTORC1 pathway and impeding cholesterol synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that RIPK3 deficiency leads to cholesterol abrogation in MDSCs, which facilitates tumor-infiltrating MDSC activation, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting cholesterol synthesis to overcome tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yanquan Xu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jiangang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jingchun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Pathology, The 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Army 953 Hospital, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, 857000, China
| | - Guifang Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China; Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Akl MG, Li L, Baccetto R, Phanse S, Zhang Q, Trites MJ, McDonald S, Aoki H, Babu M, Widenmaier SB. Complementary gene regulation by NRF1 and NRF2 protects against hepatic cholesterol overload. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112399. [PMID: 37060561 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cholesterol overload promotes steatohepatitis. Insufficient understanding of liver stress defense impedes therapy development. Here, we elucidate the role of stress defense transcription factors, nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-1 (NRF1) and -2 (NRF2), in counteracting cholesterol-linked liver stress. Using a diet that increases liver cholesterol storage, expression profiles and phenotypes of liver from mice with hepatocyte deficiency of NRF1, NRF2, or both are compared with controls, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing is undertaken to identify target genes. Results show NRF1 and NRF2 co-regulate genes that eliminate cholesterol and mitigate inflammation and oxidative damage. Combined deficiency, but not deficiency of either alone, results in severe steatohepatitis, hepatic cholesterol overload and crystallization, altered bile acid metabolism, and decreased biliary cholesterol. Moreover, therapeutic effects of NRF2-activating drug bardoxolone require NRF1 and are supplemented by NRF1 overexpression. Thus, we discover complementary gene programming by NRF1 and NRF2 that counteract cholesterol-associated fatty liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- May G Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Raquel Baccetto
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Michael J Trites
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sherin McDonald
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott B Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Guo M, Abd-Rabbo D, Bertol B, Carew M, Lukhele S, Snell LM, Xu W, Boukhaled GM, Elsaesser H, Halaby MJ, Hirano N, McGaha TL, Brooks DG. Molecular, metabolic and functional CD4 T cell paralysis impedes tumor control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.15.536946. [PMID: 37131587 PMCID: PMC10153152 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.15.536946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are important effectors of anti-tumor immunity, yet the regulation of CD4 tumor-specific T (T TS ) cells during cancer development is still unclear. We demonstrate that CD4 T TS cells are initially primed in the tumor draining lymph node and begin to divide following tumor initiation. Distinct from CD8 T TS cells and previously defined exhaustion programs, CD4 T TS cell proliferation is rapidly frozen in place and differentiation stunted by a functional interplay of T regulatory cells and both intrinsic and extrinsic CTLA4 signaling. Together these mechanisms paralyze CD4 T TS cell differentiation, redirecting metabolic and cytokine production circuits, and reducing CD4 T TS cell accumulation in the tumor. Paralysis is actively maintained throughout cancer progression and CD4 T TS cells rapidly resume proliferation and functional differentiation when both suppressive reactions are alleviated. Strikingly, Treg depletion alone reciprocally induced CD4 T TS cells to themselves become tumor-specific Tregs, whereas CTLA4 blockade alone failed to promote T helper differentiation. Overcoming their paralysis established long-term tumor control, demonstrating a novel immune evasion mechanism that specifically cripples CD4 T TS cells to favor tumor progression.
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Luo L, Yang L, Zhang K, Zhou SM, Wang Y, Yang LK, Feng B, Liu SB, Wu YM, Zhao MG, Yang Q. Caveolin-1-Mediated Cholesterol Accumulation Contributes to Exaggerated mGluR-Dependent Long-Term Depression and Impaired Cognition in Fmr1 Knockout Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3379-3395. [PMID: 36854997 PMCID: PMC10122623 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is one of the most common inherited mental retardation diseases and is caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) expression. The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) theory of FXS states that enhanced mGluR-dependent long-term depression (LTD) due to FMRP loss is involved in aberrant synaptic plasticity and autistic-like behaviors, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Here, we found that only hippocampal mGluR-LTD was exaggerated in adolescent Fmr1 KO mice, while N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-LTD was intact in mice of all ages. This development-dependent alteration was related to the differential expression of caveolin-1 (Cav1), which is essential for caveolae formation. Knockdown of Cav1 restored the enhanced mGluR-LTD in Fmr1 KO mice. Moreover, hippocampal Cav1 expression in Fmr1 KO mice induced excessive endocytosis of the α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor subunit GluA2. This process relied on mGluR1/5 activation rather than NMDAR. Interference with Cav1 expression reversed these changes. Furthermore, massive cholesterol accumulation contributed to redundant caveolae formation, which provided the platform for mGluR-triggered Cav1 coupling to GluA2. Importantly, injection of the cholesterol scavenger methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) recovered AMPA receptor trafficking and markedly alleviated hyperactivity, hippocampus-dependent fear memory, and spatial memory defects in Fmr1 KO mice. Together, our findings elucidate the important role of Cav1 in mediating mGluR-LTD enhancement and further inducing AMPA receptor endocytosis and suggest that cholesterol depletion by Mβ-CD during caveolae formation may be a novel and safe strategy to treat FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Shi-Meng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, Fourth Military Medical University, No.986 Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Liu-Kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Neill G, Masson GR. A stay of execution: ATF4 regulation and potential outcomes for the integrated stress response. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1112253. [PMID: 36825279 PMCID: PMC9941348 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ATF4 is a cellular stress induced bZIP transcription factor that is a hallmark effector of the integrated stress response. The integrated stress response is triggered by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 complex that can be carried out by the cellular stress responsive kinases; GCN2, PERK, PKR, and HRI. eIF2α phosphorylation downregulates mRNA translation initiation en masse, however ATF4 translation is upregulated. The integrated stress response can output two contradicting outcomes in cells; pro-survival or apoptosis. The mechanism for choice between these outcomes is unknown, however combinations of ATF4 heterodimerisation partners and post-translational modifications have been linked to this regulation. This semi-systematic review article covers ATF4 target genes, heterodimerisation partners and post-translational modifications. Together, this review aims to be a useful resource to elucidate the mechanisms controlling the effects of the integrated stress response. Additional putative roles of the ATF4 protein in cell division and synaptic plasticity are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Neill
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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41
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Castillo-Quan JI, Steinbaugh MJ, Fernández-Cárdenas LP, Pohl NK, Wu Z, Zhu F, Moroz N, Teixeira V, Bland MS, Lehrbach NJ, Moronetti L, Teufl M, Blackwell TK. An antisteatosis response regulated by oleic acid through lipid droplet-mediated ERAD enhancement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc8917. [PMID: 36598980 PMCID: PMC9812393 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although excessive lipid accumulation is a hallmark of obesity-related pathologies, some lipids are beneficial. Oleic acid (OA), the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid (FA), promotes health and longevity. Here, we show that OA benefits Caenorhabditis elegans by activating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transcription factor SKN-1A (Nrf1/NFE2L1) in a lipid homeostasis response. SKN-1A/Nrf1 is cleared from the ER by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery and stabilized when proteasome activity is low and canonically maintains proteasome homeostasis. Unexpectedly, OA increases nuclear SKN-1A levels independently of proteasome activity, through lipid droplet-dependent enhancement of ERAD. In turn, SKN-1A reduces steatosis by reshaping the lipid metabolism transcriptome and mediates longevity from OA provided through endogenous accumulation, reduced H3K4 trimethylation, or dietary supplementation. Our findings reveal an unexpected mechanism of FA signal transduction, as well as a lipid homeostasis pathway that provides strategies for opposing steatosis and aging, and may mediate some benefits of the OA-rich Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Iván Castillo-Quan
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Steinbaugh
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Paulette Fernández-Cárdenas
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy K. Pohl
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziyun Wu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feimei Zhu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie Moroz
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Teixeira
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monet S. Bland
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas J. Lehrbach
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenza Moronetti
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magdalena Teufl
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T. Keith Blackwell
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Ruvkun G, Lehrbach N. Regulation and Functions of the ER-Associated Nrf1 Transcription Factor. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:cshperspect.a041266. [PMID: 35940907 PMCID: PMC9808582 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nrf1 is a member of the nuclear erythroid 2-like family of transcription factors that regulate stress-responsive gene expression in animals. Newly synthesized Nrf1 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it is N-glycosylated. N-glycosylated Nrf1 is trafficked to the cytosol by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery and is subject to rapid proteasomal degradation. When proteasome function is impaired, Nrf1 escapes degradation and undergoes proteolytic cleavage and deglycosylation. Deglycosylation results in deamidation of N-glycosylated asparagine residues to edit the protein sequence encoded by the genome. This truncated and "sequence-edited" form of Nrf1 enters the nucleus where it induces up-regulation of proteasome subunit genes. Thus, Nrf1 drives compensatory proteasome biogenesis in cells exposed to proteasome inhibitor drugs and other proteotoxic insults. In addition to its role in proteasome homeostasis, Nrf1 is implicated in responses to oxidative stress, and maintaining lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we describe the conserved and complex mechanism by which Nrf1 is regulated and highlight emerging evidence linking this unusual transcription factor to development, aging, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ruvkun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nicolas Lehrbach
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Celik C, Lee SYT, Yap WS, Thibault G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipids in health and diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101198. [PMID: 36379317 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex and dynamic organelle that regulates many cellular pathways, including protein synthesis, protein quality control, and lipid synthesis. When one or multiple ER roles are dysregulated and saturated, the ER enters a stress state, which, in turn, activates the highly conserved unfolded protein response (UPR). By sensing the accumulation of unfolded proteins or lipid bilayer stress (LBS) at the ER, the UPR triggers pathways to restore ER homeostasis and eventually induces apoptosis if the stress remains unresolved. In recent years, it has emerged that the UPR works intimately with other cellular pathways to maintain lipid homeostasis at the ER, and so does at cellular levels. Lipid distribution, along with lipid anabolism and catabolism, are tightly regulated, in part, by the ER. Dysfunctional and overwhelmed lipid-related pathways, independently or in combination with ER stress, can have reciprocal effects on other cellular functions, contributing to the development of diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the UPR in response to proteotoxic stress and LBS and the breadth of the functions mitigated by the UPR in different tissues and in the context of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Celik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Sheng Yap
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.
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44
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Ye Z, Wang Q, Dai S, Ji X, Cao P, Xu C, Bao G. The Berberis vulgaris L. extract berberine exerts its anti-oxidant effects to ameliorate cholesterol overloading-induced cell apoptosis in the primary mice hepatocytes: an in vitro study. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:855-866. [PMID: 36481977 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol overloading stress damages normal cellular functions in hepatocytes and induces metabolic disorders to facilitate the development of multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, which seriously degrades the life quality of human beings. Recent data suggest that the Berberis vulgaris L. extract berberine is capable of regulating cholesterol homeostasis, which is deemed as potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of cholesterol overloading-associated diseases, but its detailed functions and molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, we evidenced that berberine suppressed cell apoptosis in high-cholesterol-diet mice liver and cholesterol-overloaded mice hepatocytes. Also, cholesterol overloading promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to trigger oxidative damages in hepatocytes, which were reversed by co-treating cells with both berberine and the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Moreover, the underlying mechanisms were uncovered, and we validated that berberine downregulated Keap1, and upregulated Nrf2 to activate the anti-oxidant Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in cholesterol overloading-treated hepatocytes, and both Keap1 upregulation and Nrf2 downregulation abrogated the suppressing effects of berberine on cell apoptosis in the hepatocytes with cholesterol exposure. Taken together, we concluded that berberine activated the anti-oxidant Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to eliminate cholesterol overloading-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in mice hepatocytes, and those evidences hinted that berberine might be used as putative therapeutic drug for the treatment of cholesterol overloading-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchen Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road No. 295, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road No. 295, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shupeng Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road No. 295, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road No. 295, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Pingli Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road No. 295, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chenglei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road No. 295, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guoqing Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Xichang Road No. 295, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
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Macrophage-, Dendritic-, Smooth Muscle-, Endothelium-, and Stem Cells-Derived Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214154. [PMID: 36430636 PMCID: PMC9695208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease depending on the buildup, called plaque, of lipoproteins, cholesterol, extracellular matrix elements, and various types of immune and non-immune cells on the artery walls. Plaque development and growth lead to the narrowing of the blood vessel lumen, blocking blood flow, and eventually may lead to plaque burst and a blood clot. The prominent cellular components of atherosclerotic plaque are the foam cells, which, by trying to remove lipoprotein and cholesterol surplus, also participate in plaque development and rupture. Although the common knowledge is that the foam cells derive from macrophages, studies of the last decade clearly showed that macrophages are not the only cells able to form foam cells in atherosclerotic plaque. These findings give a new perspective on atherosclerotic plaque formation and composition and define new targets for anti-foam cell therapies for atherosclerosis prevention. This review gives a concise description of foam cells of different pedigrees and describes the main mechanisms participating in their formation and function.
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46
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The altered lipidome of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:445-456. [PMID: 35131480 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in metabolic pathways are a hallmark of cancer. A deeper understanding of the contribution of different metabolites to carcinogenesis is thus vitally important to elucidate mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression to inform therapeutic strategies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and its altered metabolic landscape is beginning to unfold with the advancement of technologies. In particular, characterization of the lipidome of human HCCs has accelerated, and together with biochemical analyses, are revealing recurrent patterns of alterations in glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. These widespread alterations encompass a myriad of lipid species with numerous roles affecting multiple hallmarks of cancer, including aberrant growth signaling, metastasis, evasion of cell death and immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize the current trends and findings of the altered lipidomic landscape of HCC and discuss their potential biological significance for hepatocarcinogenesis.
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47
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Hu S, Feng J, Wang M, Wufuer R, Liu K, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Nrf1 is an indispensable redox-determining factor for mitochondrial homeostasis by integrating multi-hierarchical regulatory networks. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102470. [PMID: 36174386 PMCID: PMC9520269 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To defend against a vast variety of challenges in oxygenated environments, all life forms have evolutionally established a set of antioxidants, detoxification, and cytoprotective systems during natural selection and adaptive survival, to maintain cell redox homeostasis and organ integrity in the healthy development and growth. Such antioxidant defense systems are predominantly regulated by two key transcription factors Nrf1 and Nrf2, but the underlying mechanism(s) for their coordinated redox control remains elusive. Here, we found that loss of full-length Nrf1 led to a dramatic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damages in Nrf1α-∕- cells, and this increase was not eliminated by drastic elevation of Nrf2, even though the antioxidant systems were also substantially enhanced by hyperactive Nrf2. Further studies revealed that the increased ROS production in Nrf1α-∕- resulted from a striking impairment in the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain and its gene expression regulated by nuclear respiratory factors, called αPalNRF1 and GABPNRF2. In addition to the antioxidant capacity of cells, glycolysis was greatly augmented by aberrantly-elevated Nrf2, so to partially relieve the cellular energy demands, but aggravate its mitochondrial stress. The generation of ROS was also differentially regulated by Nrf1 and Nrf2 through miR-195 and/or mIR-497-mediated UCP2 pathway. Consequently, the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of Nrf1α-∕- cells was activated by putative ROS-stimulated signaling via MAPK, HIF1α, NF-ƙB, PI3K and AKT, all players involved in cancer development and progression. Taken together, it is inferable that Nrf1 acts as a potent integrator of redox regulation by multi-hierarchical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Reziyamu Wufuer
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Keli Liu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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48
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Kaiser MS, Milan G, Ham DJ, Lin S, Oliveri F, Chojnowska K, Tintignac LA, Mittal N, Zimmerli CE, Glass DJ, Zavolan M, Rüegg MA. Dual roles of mTORC1-dependent activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in muscle proteostasis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1141. [PMID: 36302954 PMCID: PMC9613904 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle size is controlled by the PI3K-PKB/Akt-mTORC1-FoxO pathway, which integrates signals from growth factors, energy and amino acids to activate protein synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown. While mTORC1 activity is necessary for PKB/Akt-induced muscle hypertrophy, its constant activation alone induces muscle atrophy. Here we show that this paradox is based on mTORC1 activity promoting protein breakdown through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) by simultaneously inducing ubiquitin E3 ligase expression via feedback inhibition of PKB/Akt and proteasome biogenesis via Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Like 1 (Nrf1). Muscle growth was restored by reactivation of PKB/Akt, but not by Nrf1 knockdown, implicating ubiquitination as the limiting step. However, both PKB/Akt activation and proteasome depletion by Nrf1 knockdown led to an immediate disruption of proteome integrity with rapid accumulation of damaged material. These data highlight the physiological importance of mTORC1-mediated PKB/Akt inhibition and point to juxtaposed roles of the UPS in atrophy and proteome integrity. Exploring the relationship between mTORC1 and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, light is shed on the paradox between mTORC1-mediated muscle hypertrophy induced by PKB/Akt and the muscle atrophy induced by mTORC1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Kaiser
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,BIOREBA AG, Christoph Merian-Ring 7, 4153, Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Milan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel J Ham
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Kathrin Chojnowska
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,AstraZeneca AG, Neuhofstrasse 34, 6340, Baar, Switzerland
| | - Lionel A Tintignac
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian E Zimmerli
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Sociology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David J Glass
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
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49
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Guard SE, Chapnick DA, Poss ZC, Ebmeier CC, Jacobsen J, Nemkov T, Ball KA, Webb KJ, Simpson HL, Coleman S, Bunker E, Ramirez A, Reisz JA, Sievers R, Stowell MHB, D'Alessandro A, Liu X, Old WM. Multiomic Analysis Reveals Disruption of Cholesterol Homeostasis by Cannabidiol in Human Cell Lines. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100262. [PMID: 35753663 PMCID: PMC9525918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), is Food and Dug Administration approved for treatment of two drug-resistant epileptic disorders and is seeing increased use among the general public, yet the mechanisms that underlie its therapeutic effects and side-effect profiles remain unclear. Here, we report a systems-level analysis of CBD action in human cell lines using temporal multiomic profiling. FRET-based biosensor screening revealed that CBD elicits a sharp rise in cytosolic calcium, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in human keratinocyte and neuroblastoma cell lines. CBD treatment leads to alterations in the abundance of metabolites, mRNA transcripts, and proteins associated with activation of cholesterol biosynthesis, transport, and storage. We found that CBD rapidly incorporates into cellular membranes, alters cholesterol accessibility, and disrupts cholesterol-dependent membrane properties. Sustained treatment with high concentrations of CBD induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. CBD-induced apoptosis is rescued by inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and potentiated by compounds that disrupt cholesterol trafficking and storage. Our data point to a pharmacological interaction of CBD with cholesterol homeostasis pathways, with potential implications in its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Guard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas A Chapnick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary C Poss
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher C Ebmeier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremy Jacobsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kerri A Ball
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristofor J Webb
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Helen L Simpson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen Coleman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric Bunker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Adrian Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert Sievers
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael H B Stowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - William M Old
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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50
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Sozen E, Demirel-Yalciner T, Sari D, Ozer NK. Cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes mediates IRE1/p38 branch of endoplasmic reticulum stress to promote nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:1-7. [PMID: 35995397 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), based on the elevating obesity incidence, is one of the major health issue worldwide. Transition from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is driven by increased apoptosis and is relevant to higher morbidity rates. In regard to limited understanding on cholesterol mediated hepatocyte alterations in NALFD/NASH transition, we investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and related apoptosis. Our findings suggest that cholesterol upregulates ER stress and enhances C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) either in hypercholesterolemic rabbits or in hepatocytes treated with liposome-cholesterol complex. Mechanistically, cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes activates IRE1/p38 branch of ER stress, stimulating CHOP levels. In liver tissues of cholesterol fed rabbits, α-tocopherol supplementation decreased IRE1/p38/CHOP activation and prevented NASH development. Thus, our study provides a critical role of hepatocyte cholesterol in inducing IRE1/p38/CHOP pathway and suggests novel candidates for therapeutic targets against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey; Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel-Yalciner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Dyana Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey.
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