1
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Yu Y, Zhou G, Du J, Zhu H, Guan H, Bi Y, Zhang D. Hypophysitis after COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with Rathke's cleft cyst: A case report. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2297455. [PMID: 38174857 PMCID: PMC10773625 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2297455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
With the widespread vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine, a few cases have been reported that COVID-19 vaccine may cause endocrine disorders. A 59-y-old man presented with a loss of appetite after the first COVID-19 vaccination, which resolved spontaneously after 3 d. After the second COVID-19 vaccination, the symptoms including the loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting reappeared and worsened along with loss of vision. He was found to have severe hyponatremia, and further investigations revealed secondary adrenal insufficiency, secondary hypothyroidism and Rathke's cleft cyst. The patient responded well to glucocorticoid and levothyroxine supplementation, and at 1-y follow-up the patient developed hypogonadism. We hypothesize that hypophysitis is probably induced by COVID-19 vaccine and report the rare but serious adverse reactions for early recognition and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yulin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangxin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haojun Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmin Bi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Escalera A, Laporte M, Turner S, Karakus U, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, van de Guchte A, Farrugia K, Khalil Z, van Bakel H, Smith D, García-Sastre A, Aydillo T. The impact of S2 mutations on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 cell surface expression and fusogenicity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2297553. [PMID: 38112266 PMCID: PMC10866063 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2297553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants are still emerging and spreading worldwide. These variants contain a high number of polymorphisms in the spike (S) glycoprotein that could potentially impact their pathogenicity and transmission. We have previously shown that the S:655Y and P681H mutations enhance S protein cleavage and syncytia formation. Interestingly, these polymorphisms are present in Omicron S protein. Here, we characterized the cleavage efficiency and fusogenicity of the S protein of different Omicron sublineages. Our results showed that Omicron BA.1 subvariant is efficiently cleaved but it is poorly fusogenic compared to previous SARS-CoV-2 strains. To understand the basis of this phenotype, we generated chimeric S protein using combinations of the S1 and S2 domains from WA1, Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants. We found that the S2 domain of Omicron BA.1 hindered efficient cell-cell fusion. Interestingly, this domain only contains six unique polymorphisms never detected before in ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variants. WA1614G S proteins containing the six individuals S2 Omicron mutations were assessed for their fusogenicity and S surface expression after transfection in cells. Results showed that the S:N856K and N969K substitutions decreased syncytia formation and impacted S protein cell surface levels. However, we observed that "first-generation" Omicron sublineages that emerged subsequently, had convergently evolved to an enhanced fusogenic activity and S expression on the surface of infected cells while "second-generation" Omicron variants have highly diverged and showed lineage-specific fusogenic properties. Importantly, our findings could have potential implications in the improvement and redesign of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Escalera
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manon Laporte
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sam Turner
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Umut Karakus
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana van de Guchte
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Farrugia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zain Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Aydillo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19. Virulence 2024; 15:2316438. [PMID: 38362881 PMCID: PMC10878030 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pathologic features that can be observed in several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help inform appropriate model selection for disease modelling as well as for vaccine and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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4
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Hasan MZ, Claus M, Krüger N, Reusing S, Gall E, Bade-Döding C, Braun A, Watzl C, Uhrberg M, Walter L. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces adaptive NK cell responses by spike protein-mediated induction of HLA-E expression. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2361019. [PMID: 38804979 PMCID: PMC11212573 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2361019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
HLA-E expression plays a central role for modulation of NK cell function by interaction with inhibitory NKG2A and stimulatory NKG2C receptors on canonical and adaptive NK cells, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that infection of human primary lung tissue with SARS-CoV-2 leads to increased HLA-E expression and show that processing of the peptide YLQPRTFLL from the spike protein is primarily responsible for the strong, dose-dependent increase of HLA-E. Targeting the peptide site within the spike protein revealed that a single point mutation was sufficient to abrogate the increase in HLA-E expression. Spike-mediated induction of HLA-E differentially affected NK cell function: whereas degranulation, IFN-γ production, and target cell cytotoxicity were enhanced in NKG2C+ adaptive NK cells, effector functions were inhibited in NKG2A+ canonical NK cells. Analysis of a cohort of COVID-19 patients in the acute phase of infection revealed that adaptive NK cells were induced irrespective of the HCMV status, challenging the paradigm that adaptive NK cells are only generated during HCMV infection. During the first week of hospitalization, patients exhibited a selective increase of early NKG2C+CD57- adaptive NK cells whereas mature NKG2C+CD57+ cells remained unchanged. Further analysis of recovered patients suggested that the adaptive NK cell response is primarily driven by a wave of early adaptive NK cells during acute infection that wanes once the infection is cleared. Together, this study suggests that NK cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are majorly influenced by the balance between canonical and adaptive NK cells via the HLA-E/NKG2A/C axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahidul Hasan
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- PhD Program Molecular Biology of Cells, GGNB, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maren Claus
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine Krüger
- Platform Infection Models, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Reusing
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eline Gall
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Lee Y, Lee MK, Lee HR, Kim B, Kim M, Jung S. 3D-printed airway model as a platform for SARS-CoV-2 infection and antiviral drug testing. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122689. [PMID: 38944967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We present a bioprinted three-layered airway model with a physiologically relevant microstructure for the study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection dynamics. This model exhibited clear cell-cell junctions and mucus secretion with an efficient expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Having infected air-exposed epithelial cells in the upper layer with a minimum multiplicity of infection of 0.01, the airway model showed a marked susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 within one-day post-infection (dpi). Furthermore, the unique longevity allowed the observation of cytopathic effects and barrier degradation for 21 dpi. The in-depth transcriptomic analysis revealed dramatic changes in gene expression affecting the infection pathway, viral proliferation, and host immune response which are consistent with COVID-19 patient data. Finally, the treatment of antiviral agents, such as remdesivir and molnupiravir, through the culture medium underlying the endothelium resulted in a marked inhibition of viral replication within the epithelium. The bioprinted airway model can be used as a manufacturable physiological platform to study disease pathogeneses and drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Kyu Lee
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Rim Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungil Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Sun H, Xia L, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Huang P, Wang X, Cui Y, Fang T, Fan P, Zhou Q, Chi X, Yu C. A novel bispecific antibody targeting two overlapping epitopes in RBD improves neutralizing potency and breadth against SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2373307. [PMID: 38953857 PMCID: PMC11249148 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2373307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been evolving into a large number of variants, including the highly pathogenic Delta variant, and the currently prevalent Omicron subvariants with extensive evasion capability, which raises an urgent need to develop new broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we engineer two IgG-(scFv)2 form bispecific antibodies with overlapping epitopes (bsAb1) or non-overlapping epitopes (bsAb2). Both bsAbs are significantly superior to the parental monoclonal antibodies in terms of their antigen-binding and virus-neutralizing activities against all tested circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants including currently dominant JN.1. The bsAb1 can efficiently neutralize all variants insensitive to parental monoclonal antibodies or the cocktail with IC50 lower than 20 ng/mL, even slightly better than bsAb2. Furthermore, the cryo-EM structures of bsAb1 in complex with the Omicron spike protein revealed that bsAb1 with overlapping epitopes effectively locked the S protein, which accounts for its conserved neutralization against Omicron variants. The bispecific antibody strategy engineered from overlapping epitopes provides a novel solution for dealing with viral immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancong Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Xia
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Research Center for Industries of the Future, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Research Center for Industries of the Future, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanying Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Fang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Research Center for Industries of the Future, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changming Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Zhao WJ, Tan RZ, Gao J, Su H, Wang L, Liu J. Research on the global trends of COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury: a bibliometric analysis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2338484. [PMID: 38832469 PMCID: PMC11262241 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2338484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Critically ill COVID-19 patients may exhibit various clinical symptoms of renal dysfunction including severe Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Currently, there is a lack of bibliometric analyses on COVID-19-related AKI. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current research status and hot topics regarding COVID-19 AKI. The literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Subsequently, we utilized Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, Citespace, and Pajek software to revealed the current research status, emerging topics, and developmental trends pertaining to COVID-19 AKI. This study encompassed a total of 1507 studies on COVID-19 AKI. The United States, China, and Italy emerged as the leading three countries in terms of publication numbers, contributing 498 (33.05%), 229 (15.20%), and 140 (9.29%) studies, respectively. The three most active and influential institutions include Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan University and Harvard Medical School. Ronco C from Italy, holds the record for the highest number of publications, with a total of 15 papers authored. Cheng YC's work from China has garnered the highest number of citations, totaling 470 citations. The co-occurrence analysis of author keywords reveals that 'mortality', 'intensive care units', 'chronic kidney disease', 'nephrology', 'renal transplantation', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome', and 'risk factors' emerge as the primary areas of focus within the realm of COVID-19 AKI. In summary, this study analyzes the research trends in the field of COVID-19 AKI, providing a reference for further exploration and research on COVID-19 AKI mechanisms and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-jing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui-zhi Tan
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Nephrology of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Su
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University
- Department of Nephrology of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
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8
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Tahir ul Qamar M, Noor F, Guo YX, Zhu XT, Chen LL. Deep-HPI-pred: An R-Shiny applet for network-based classification and prediction of Host-Pathogen protein-protein interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:316-329. [PMID: 38192372 PMCID: PMC10772389 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions (HPIs) are vital in numerous biological activities and are intrinsically linked to the onset and progression of infectious diseases. HPIs are pivotal in the entire lifecycle of diseases: from the onset of pathogen introduction, navigating through the mechanisms that bypass host cellular defenses, to its subsequent proliferation inside the host. At the heart of these stages lies the synergy of proteins from both the host and the pathogen. By understanding these interlinking protein dynamics, we can gain crucial insights into how diseases progress and pave the way for stronger plant defenses and the swift formulation of countermeasures. In the framework of current study, we developed a web-based R/Shiny app, Deep-HPI-pred, that uses network-driven feature learning method to predict the yet unmapped interactions between pathogen and host proteins. Leveraging citrus and CLas bacteria training datasets as case study, we spotlight the effectiveness of Deep-HPI-pred in discerning Protein-protein interaction (PPIs) between them. Deep-HPI-pred use Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models for HPI prediction, which is based on a comprehensive evaluation of topological features and neural network architectures. When subjected to independent validation datasets, the predicted models consistently surpassed a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.80 in host-pathogen interactions. Remarkably, the use of Eigenvector Centrality as the leading topological feature further enhanced this performance. Further, Deep-HPI-pred also offers relevant gene ontology (GO) term information for each pathogen and host protein within the system. This protein annotation data contributes an additional layer to our understanding of the intricate dynamics within host-pathogen interactions. In the additional benchmarking studies, the Deep-HPI-pred model has proven its robustness by consistently delivering reliable results across different host-pathogen systems, including plant-pathogens (accuracy of 98.4% and 97.9%), human-virus (accuracy of 94.3%), and animal-bacteria (accuracy of 96.6%) interactomes. These results not only demonstrate the model's versatility but also pave the way for gaining comprehensive insights into the molecular underpinnings of complex host-pathogen interactions. Taken together, the Deep-HPI-pred applet offers a unified web service for both identifying and illustrating interaction networks. Deep-HPI-pred applet is freely accessible at its homepage: https://cbi.gxu.edu.cn/shiny-apps/Deep-HPI-pred/ and at github: https://github.com/tahirulqamar/Deep-HPI-pred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fatima Noor
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yi-Xiong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi-Tong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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9
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Wu M, Sun C, Shi Q, Luo Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Qin Y, Cui W, Yan C, Dai H, Wang Z, Zeng J, Zhou Y, Zhu M, Liu X. Dry eye disease caused by viral infection: Past, present and future. Virulence 2024; 15:2289779. [PMID: 38047740 PMCID: PMC10761022 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2289779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following viral infection, the innate immune system senses viral products, such as viral nucleic acids, to activate innate defence pathways, leading to inflammation and apoptosis, control of cell proliferation, and consequently, threat to the whole body. The ocular surface is exposed to the external environment and extremely vulnerable to viral infection. Several studies have revealed that viral infection can induce inflammation of the ocular surface and reduce tear secretion of the lacrimal gland (LG), consequently triggering ocular morphological and functional changes and resulting in dry eye disease (DED). Understanding the mechanisms of DED caused by viral infection and its potential therapeutic strategies are crucial for clinical interventional advances in DED. This review summarizes the roles of viral infection in the pathogenesis of DED, applicable diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and potential regions of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuilian Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalu Luo
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Qin
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihang Cui
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chufeng Yan
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huangyi Dai
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Jodar M, Barral Y, Leiva M, Castillo J, Barrio R, Agustí I, Borràs A, Carrillo P, Matheu R, Ferreti R, Herrero J, Reimundo P, Navero-Castillejos J, Casals G, Guimerà M, Corral JM, Martinez M, Carbonell M, Bassas L, Manau D, Oliva R. Reversible effects of the SARS-CoV-2 on semen parameters. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2024; 70:261-271. [PMID: 39217625 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2024.2390514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been controlled, it has affected a large proportion of the population, raising some concerns about potential sequelae in men at reproductive age. To contribute to the clarification of this issue, we performed a retrospective study comparing semen parameters values before and after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort of infertile men, compared to a control group that did not undergo SARS-CoV-2 infection. Wilcoxon test on paired samples and general linear regression model showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection has a detrimental effect on semen volume values (p < 0.005). However, semen volume seems to be significantly lower only during the first spermatogenic cycle after SARS-COV-2 infection (p < 0.005) and mainly in unvaccinated patients (p < 0.05). In addition, we detected alterations in progressive motility in patients infected with the alpha SARS-COV-2 strain (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that although SARS-CoV-2 has a small effect on semen volume and sperm motility in infertile men, depending on the infectious strain or vaccination status, pre-infection values of semen parameters appear to be restored over one spermatogenic cycle after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Jodar
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmina Barral
- Clinic Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Leiva
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Castillo
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Barrio
- Catalan Transplant Organization (OCATT), Catalan Health Service (CatSalut), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Agustí
- Clinic Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Borràs
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinic Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Carrillo
- Clinic Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Matheu
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinic Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ferreti
- Clinic Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Herrero
- Maternal-Foetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Reimundo
- Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Andrology, Area of Clinical Biochemistry, Vall d'Hebron Clinical Laboratories, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Navero-Castillejos
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Casals
- Clinic Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Gynecological Endocrinology and Human Reproduction Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Guimerà
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinic Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Corral
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinic Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Martinez
- Microbiology (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melchor Carbonell
- Maternal-Foetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Bassas
- Laboratory of Seminology and Embryology, Andrology Service, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau- Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Manau
- Clinic Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Gynecological Endocrinology and Human Reproduction Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Oliva
- Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Yang Y, Tan J, Wang F, Sun W, Shi H, Cheng Z, Xie Y, Zhou X. Preconcentration and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: A comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116617. [PMID: 39094290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected the health of human beings and the global economy. The patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had viral RNA or live infectious viruses in feces. Thus, the possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through wastewater received great attentions. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can serve as an early indicator of the infection within communities. We summarized the preconcentration and detection technology of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater aiming at the complex matrices of wastewater and low virus concentration and compared their performance characteristics. We described the emerging tests that would be possible to realize the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in fields and encourage academics to advance their technologies beyond conception. We concluded with a brief discussion on the outlook for integrating preconcentration and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 with emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jisui Tan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hanchang Shi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yangcun Xie
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100043, China.
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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12
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Nithya Shree J, Premika T, Sharlin S, Annie Aglin A. Diverse approaches to express recombinant spike protein: A comprehensive review. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 223:106556. [PMID: 39009199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The spike protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for infecting host cells. It has two segments, S1 and S2. The S1 segment has a receptor-binding domain (RBD) that attaches to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S2 segment helps in the fusion of the viral cell membrane by creating a six-helical bundle through the two-heptad repeat domain. To develop effective vaccines and therapeutics against COVID-19, it is critical to express and purify the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Extensive studies have been conducted on expression of a complete recombinant spike protein or its fragments. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the different expression systems employed for spike protein expression, along with their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jk Nithya Shree
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626005, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T Premika
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626005, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Sharlin
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626005, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Annie Aglin
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626005, Tamilnadu, India.
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13
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Soliman SSM, Hamoda AM, Nayak Y, Mostafa A, Hamdy R. Novel compounds with dual inhibition activity against SARS-CoV-2 critical enzymes RdRp and human TMPRSS2. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116671. [PMID: 39004019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused major worldwide problems. The spread of variants and limited treatment encouraged the design of novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds. A series of compounds RH1-23 were designed to dually target RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Compared to remdesivir, in vitro screening indicated the highest selectivity and potent activity of RH11-13 with half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) 3.9, 5.7, and 19.72 nM, respectively. RH11-12 showed superior inhibition activity against TMPRSS2 and RdRP with IC50 (1.7 and 4.2), and (6.1 and 4.42) nM, respectively. WaterMap analysis and molecular dynamics studies demonstrated the superior enzyme binding activity of RH11 and RH12. On Vero-E6 cells, RH11 and RH12 significantly inhibited the viral replication with 66 % and 63.2 %, and viral adsorption with 44 % and 65 %, alongside virucidal effect with 51.40 % and 90.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, the potent activity of RH12 was tested on TMPRSS2-expressing cells (Calu-3) compared to camostat. RH12 exhibited selectivity index (26.05) similar to camostat (28.01) and comparable to its SI on Vero-E6 cells (22.6). RH12 demonstrated also a significant inhibition of the viral adsorption on Calu-3 cells with 60 % inhibition at 30 nM. The designed compounds exhibited good physiochemical properties. These findings indicate a broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy of the designed compounds, particularly RH12, with a promise for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Alshaimaa M Hamoda
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt; Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, United States
| | - Rania Hamdy
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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14
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da Silva LNM, Filho AGO, Guimarães JB. Musculoskeletal manifestations of COVID-19. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:2009-2022. [PMID: 38117308 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected millions of people worldwide, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) being the most common severe condition of pulmonary involvement. Despite its involvement in the lungs, SARS-CoV-2 causes multiple extrapulmonary manifestations, including manifestations in the musculoskeletal system. Several cases involving bone, joint, muscle, neurovascular and soft tissues were reported shortly after pandemic onset. Even after the acute infection has resolved, many patients experience persistent symptoms and a decrease in quality of life, a condition known as post-COVID syndrome or long COVID. COVID-19 vaccines have been widely available since December 2020, preventing millions of deaths during the pandemic. However, adverse reactions, including those involving the musculoskeletal system, have been reported in the literature. Therefore, the primary goal of this article is to review the main imaging findings of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in the musculoskeletal system, including acute, subacute, chronic and postvaccination manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas N M da Silva
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Grupo Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Brandão Guimarães
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Grupo Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, UNIFESP-EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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15
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Huang Z, Iqbal Z, Zhao Z, Chen X, Mahmmod A, Liu J, Li W, Deng Z. TMEM16 proteins: Ca 2+‑activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases as potential drug targets (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:81. [PMID: 39092585 PMCID: PMC11315658 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TMEM16 proteins, which function as Ca2+‑activated Cl‑ channels are involved in regulating a wide variety of cellular pathways and functions. The modulators of Cl‑ channels can be used for the molecule‑based treatment of respiratory diseases, cystic fibrosis, tumors, cancer, osteoporosis and coronavirus disease 2019. The TMEM16 proteins link Ca2+ signaling, cellular electrical activity and lipid transport. Thus, deciphering these complex regulatory mechanisms may enable a more comprehensive understanding of the physiological functions of the TMEM16 proteins and assist in ascertaining the applicability of these proteins as potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of a range of diseases. The present review examined the structures, functions and characteristics of the different types of TMEM16 proteins, their association with the pathogenesis of various diseases and the applicability of TMEM16 modulator‑based treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Huang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ayesha Mahmmod
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab 58240, Pakistan
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wencui Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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16
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Wesley UV, Dempsey RJ. Neuro-molecular perspectives on long COVID-19 impacted cerebrovascular diseases - a role for dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Exp Neurol 2024; 380:114890. [PMID: 39038507 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused immense devastation globally with many outcomes that are now extending to its long-term sequel called long COVID. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects not only lungs, but also the brain and heart in association with endothelial cell dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, and thrombosis leading to cardio-cerebrovascular health issues. Fatigue, cognitive decline, and brain fog are common neurological symptoms in persisting long COVID. Neurodegenerative processes and SARS-CoV-2 infection manifest overlapping molecular mechanisms, such as cytokine dysregulation, inflammation, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Identifying the key molecules in these processes is of importance for prevention and treatment of this disease. In particular, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), a multifunctional peptidase has recently drawn attention as a potential co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and cellular entry. DPPIV is a known co-receptor for some other COVID viruses including MERS-Co-V. DPPIV regulates the immune responses, obesity, glucose metabolism, diabetes, and hypertension that are associated with cerebrovascular manifestations including stroke. DPPIV likely worsens persisting COVID-19 by disrupting inflammatory signaling pathways and the neurovascular system. This review highlights the neurological, cellular and molecular processes concerning long COVID, and DPPIV as a potential key factor contributing to cerebrovascular dysfunctions following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi V Wesley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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17
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Bendix AF, Trentin AB, Vasconcelos MW, Pilonetto JC, Kuhn BC, Leite DCDA, De Barros FRO, Cardoso JMK, Gabiatti NC, Wendt SN, Ghisi NDC. From chaos to clarity: The scientometric breakthrough in COVID-19 research. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116438. [PMID: 39047387 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic paralyzed the world for over three years, generating unprecedented social changes in recent human history. AIMS We aimed to scientometrically summarize a global and temporal overview of publications on COVID-19 in the two worst years of the pandemic and its progression in early 2022, after the start of vaccination. METHODS Using the Web of Science database, this review covered the period from late 2019 to March 2022 and included all publications identified using the following terms: "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "Coronavirus Disease 19", and "2019-nCoV". We retrieved 268,904 publications, with evident global spreading, demonstrating that the pandemic triggered worldwide scientific research efforts. RESULTS Within the dataset, 195 countries have published about Covid-19. In initial publications, a solid trend in genotyping, sequencing, and detection of the virus was evident; however, in the development of the pandemic, new knowledge and research focus gained relevance, with continental solid trends, revealed by the keywords sustainability (eastern Europe); material sciences (Asia); public and mental health (Africa); information sciences (western Europe); education (Latin America). It identified high-impact research, mainly on diagnosis and vaccines, but also equally essential topics for returning life to the new normal, such as mental health, education, and remote work. The world experienced a highly transmissible infection that proved how fragile we are regarding organization and society. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to learn from such an event and establish a protocol of actions and measures to be taken and avoided in a health emergency, aiming to act differently from the chaos experienced during the pandemic. Following the One Health approach, humanity must be aware of the need for more sustainable attitudes, given the inseparability of human beings from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Felipe Bendix
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil
| | - Alex Batista Trentin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil
| | - Marina Wust Vasconcelos
- Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética (PPGGEN), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Jessica Cousseau Pilonetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil
| | - Betty Cristiane Kuhn
- Coordenação do Curso de Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil
| | - Deborah Catharine De Assis Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Computacionais para o Agronegócio-PPGTCA, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Medianeira, Brasil
| | - Flavia Regina Oliveira De Barros
- Coordenação do Curso de Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia (PPZ), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil
| | - Juliana Morini Küpper Cardoso
- Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil
| | - Naiana Cristine Gabiatti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil
| | - Simone Neumann Wendt
- Coordenação do Curso de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil
| | - Nédia de Castilhos Ghisi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Brasil; Dois Vizinhos/ Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises Biológicas e Biologia Molecular (BioMol) - UTFPR, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular - UTFPR, Brasil.
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18
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Purves K, Reynolds LJ, Sala-Comorera L, Martin NA, Dahly DL, Meijer WG, Fletcher NF. Decay of RNA and infectious SARS-CoV-2 and murine hepatitis virus in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173877. [PMID: 38871327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been an important tool for population surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic and continues to play a key role in monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection levels following reductions in national clinical testing schemes. Studies measuring decay profiles of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater have underscored the value of WBE, however investigations have been hampered by high biosafety requirements for SARS-CoV-2 infection studies. Therefore, surrogate viruses with lower biosafety standards have been used for SARS-CoV-2 decay studies, such as murine hepatitis virus (MHV), but few studies have directly compared decay rates of both viruses. We compared the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and MHV in wastewater, using 50 % tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays to assess infectious virus titre and viral gene markers, respectively. Infectious SARS-CoV-2 and MHV indicate similar endpoints, however observed early decay characteristics differed, with infectious SARS-CoV-2 decaying more rapidly than MHV. We find that MHV is an appropriate infectious virus surrogate for viable SARS-CoV-2, however inconsistencies exist in viral RNA decay parameters, indicating MHV may not be a suitable nucleic acid surrogate across certain temperature regimes. This study highlights the importance of sample preparation and the potential for decay rate overestimation in wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Purves
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam J Reynolds
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Sala-Comorera
- Section of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niamh A Martin
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren L Dahly
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Public Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Wim G Meijer
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola F Fletcher
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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19
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Sarkar M, Madabhavi I. COVID-19 mutations: An overview. World J Methodol 2024; 14:89761. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i3.89761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the genus Beta coronavirus and the family of Coronaviridae. It is a positive-sense, non-segmented single-strand RNA virus. Four common types of human coronaviruses circulate globally, particularly in the fall and winter seasons. They are responsible for 10%-30% of all mild upper respiratory tract infections in adults. These are 229E, NL63 of the Alfacoronaviridae family, OC43, and HKU1 of the Betacoronaviridae family. However, there are three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the latest pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. All viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, have the inherent tendency to evolve. SARS-CoV-2 is still evolving in humans. Additionally, due to the development of herd immunity, prior infection, use of medication, vaccination, and antibodies, the viruses are facing immune pressure. During the replication process and due to immune pressure, the virus may undergo mutations. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the variants of concern (VOCs), such as B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617/B.1.617.2 (Delta), P.1 (Gamma), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) have been reported from various parts of the world. These VOCs contain several important mutations; some of them are on the spike proteins. These mutations may lead to enhanced infectivity, transmissibility, and decreased neutralization efficacy by monoclonal antibodies, convalescent sera, or vaccines. Mutations may also lead to a failure of detection by molecular diagnostic tests, leading to a delayed diagnosis, increased community spread, and delayed treatment. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Covariant, the Stanford variant Database, and the CINAHL from December 2019 to February 2023 using the following search terms: VOC, SARS-CoV-2, Omicron, mutations in SARS-CoV-2, etc. This review discusses the various mutations and their impact on infectivity, transmissibility, and neutralization efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Sarkar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Irappa Madabhavi
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, J N Medical College, and KAHER, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Kerudi Cancer Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka 587103, India
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20
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Li B, Bai J, Xiong Y, Guo D, Fu B, Deng G, Wu H. Understanding the mechanisms and treatments of long COVID to address future public health risks. Life Sci 2024; 353:122938. [PMID: 39084516 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has seen numerous individuals undergo and recover from it, drawing extensive attention to their health conditions. Extensive studies indicate that even after surpassing the acute phase of infection, patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as fatigue, pain, depression, weakening, and anosmia. COVID-19 appears not to have concluded but rather to persist long-term in certain individuals, termed as "long COVID." This represents a heterogeneous ailment involving multiple organ systems, with a perceived complex and still elusive pathogenesis. Among patients with long COVID, observations reveal immune dysregulation, coagulation impairments, and microbial dysbiosis, considered potential mechanisms explaining sustained adverse outcomes post COVID-19. Based on the multifactorial nature, varied symptoms, and heterogeneity of long COVID, we have summarized several categories of current therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, the symptoms of long COVID resemble those of other viral illnesses, suggesting that existing knowledge may offer novel insights into long-term COVID implications. Here, we provide an overview of existing literature associated with long COVID and summarize potential mechanisms, treatment modalities, and other analogous conditions. Lastly, we underscore the inadequacies in long COVID treatment approaches and emphasize the significance of conducting further research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Junlu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guohong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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21
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Skeeters S, Bagale K, Stepanyuk G, Thieker D, Aguhob A, Chan KK, Dutzar B, Shalygin S, Shajahan A, Yang X, DaRosa PA, Frazier E, Sauer MM, Bogatzki L, Byrnes-Blake KA, Song Y, Azadi P, Tarcha E, Zhang L, Procko E. Modulation of the pharmacokinetics of soluble ACE2 decoy receptors through glycosylation. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101301. [PMID: 39185275 PMCID: PMC11342882 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The Spike of SARS-CoV-2 recognizes a transmembrane protease, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), on host cells to initiate infection. Soluble derivatives of ACE2, in which Spike affinity is enhanced and the protein is fused to Fc of an immunoglobulin, are potent decoy receptors that reduce disease in animal models of COVID-19. Mutations were introduced into an ACE2 decoy receptor, including adding custom N-glycosylation sites and a cavity-filling substitution together with Fc modifications, which increased the decoy's catalytic activity and provided small to moderate enhancements of pharmacokinetics following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in humanized FcRn mice. Most prominently, sialylation of native glycans increases exposures by orders of magnitude, and the optimized decoy is therapeutically efficacious in a mouse COVID-19 model. Ultimately, an engineered and highly sialylated decoy receptor produced using methods suitable for manufacture of representative drug substance has high exposure with a 5- to 9-day half-life. Finally, peptide epitopes at mutated sites in the decoys generally have low binding to common HLA class II alleles and the predicted immunogenicity risk is low. Overall, glycosylation is a critical molecular attribute of ACE2 decoy receptors and modifications that combine tighter blocking of Spike with enhanced pharmacokinetics elevate this class of molecules as viable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal Bagale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergei Shalygin
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifan Song
- Cyrus Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Lianghui Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Erik Procko
- Cyrus Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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22
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Mehrotra-Varma S, Lu JY, Boparai MS, Henry S, Wang SH, Duong TQ. Patients with type 1 diabetes are at elevated risk of developing new hypertension, chronic kidney disease and diabetic ketoacidosis after COVID-19: Up to 40 months' follow-up. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39223870 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to investigate whether COVID-19 increases new incidence of hypertension (HTN), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) up to 40 months post-infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of patients from the Montefiore Health System in the Bronx (1 March 2020 to 1 July 2023) were studied: T1D patients hospitalized for COVID-19 (H-COVID-19, n = 511), T1D patients with COVID-19 but not hospitalized for COVID-19 (NH-COVID-19, n = 306) and T1D patients without a positive COVID-19 test on record (non-COVID-19, n = 1547). COVID-19 patients were those with a positive polymerase-chain-reaction test on record, and non-COVID-19 patients were either tested negative or not tested on record. Cumulative incidences and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed with adjustment for competing risks. RESULTS Compared to non-COVID-19 patients, both H-COVID-19 (unadjusted 19.72% vs. 3.14%, p < 0.001; aHR = 7.55 [3.33, 17.06], p < 0.001) and NH-COVID-19 (10.26% vs. 3.14%, p = 0.004; aHR = 5.08 [2.19, 11.78], p < 0.001) patients were more likely to develop new HTN. Compared to non-COVID-19 patients, both H-COVID-19 (11.41% vs. 1.14%, p < 0.001; aHR = 9.76 [4.248, 22.25], p < 0.001) and NH-COVID-19 (7.69% vs. 1.14%, p < 0.001; aHR = 6.54 [2.91, 14.67], p < 0.001) patients were more likely to develop new CKD. Compared to non-COVID-19 patients, both H-COVID-19 (4.09% vs. 1.06%, p < 0.001; aHR = 12.24 [4.09, 36.59], p < 0.001) and NH-COVID-19 (3.06% vs. 1.06%, p = 0.035; aHR = 12.94 [4.09, 40.89], p < 0.001) patients were more likely to develop new DKA at follow-up. CONCLUSION T1D patients with COVID-19 are at higher risk of developing new HTN, CKD and DKA compared to T1D patients without COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Mehrotra-Varma
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Centre, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Justin Y Lu
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Centre, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Montek Singh Boparai
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Centre, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sonya Henry
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Centre, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Stephen H Wang
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Centre, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tim Q Duong
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Centre, New York City, New York, USA
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23
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Pellman J, Goldstein A, Słabicki M. Human E3 ubiquitin ligases: accelerators and brakes for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20230324. [PMID: 39222407 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate the composition of the proteome. These enzymes mono- or poly-ubiquitinate their substrates, directly altering protein function or targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. In this review, we discuss the opposing roles of human E3 ligases as effectors and targets in the evolutionary battle between host and pathogen, specifically in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Through complex effects on transcription, translation, and protein trafficking, human E3 ligases can either attenuate SARS-CoV-2 infection or become vulnerabilities that are exploited by the virus to suppress the host's antiviral defenses. For example, the human E3 ligase RNF185 regulates the stability of SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and depletion of RNF185 significantly increases SARS-CoV-2 viral titer (iScience (2023) 26, 106601). We highlight recent advances that identify functions for numerous human E3 ligases in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and we assess their potential as novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Pellman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Anna Goldstein
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, U.S.A
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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24
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Guo Z, Sun S, Xiao S, Chen G, Chen P, Yang Z, Tang X, Huang L, Wang Y. COVID-19 is associated with changes in brain function and structure: A multimodal meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105792. [PMID: 38969310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The actual role of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in brain damage has been increasingly reported, necessitating a meta-analysis to collate and summarize the inconsistent findings from functional imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies. A comprehensive voxel-wise meta-analysis of the whole brain was conducted to identify alterations in functional activity and gray matter volume (GMV) between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (HCs) by using Seed-based d Mapping software. We included 15 functional imaging studies (484 patients with COVID-19, 534 HCs) and 9 VBM studies (449 patients with COVID-19, 388 HCs) in the analysis. Overall, patients with COVID-19 exhibited decreased functional activity in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) (extending to the right middle and inferior temporal gyrus, insula, and temporal pole [TP]), left insula, right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (extending to the right olfactory cortex), and left cerebellum compared to HCs. For VBM, patients with COVID-19, relative to HCs, showed decreased GMV in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex (extending to the bilateral OFC), and left cerebellum, and increased GMV in the bilateral amygdala (extending to the bilateral hippocampus, STG, TP, MTG, and right striatum). Moreover, overlapping analysis revealed that patients with COVID-19 exhibited both decreased functional activity and increased GMV in the right TP (extending to the right STG). The multimodal meta-analysis suggests that brain changes of function and structure in the temporal lobe, OFC and cerebellum, and functional or structural alterations in the insula and the limbic system in COVID-19. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of brain alterations in COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This first large-scale multimodal meta-analysis collates existing neuroimaging studies and provides voxel-wise functional and structural whole-brain abnormalities in COVID-19. Findings of this meta-analysis provide valuable insights into the dynamic brain changes (from infection to recovery) and offer further explanations for the pathophysiological basis of brain alterations in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Guo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Sun
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zibin Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Lo VT, Lim HA, Jang SS, Kim MC, Chamfort AC, Kim HY, Mun DY, Kang MC, Lee HB, Kim S, Lee Y, Park S, Yoon SW, Kim HK. N121T and N121S substitutions on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein impact on serum neutralization. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29871. [PMID: 39221474 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The N121 site on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with heme and its metabolite, biliverdin, which can affect antibody binding. Both N121T and N121S substitutions have been observed in natural conditions and in a hamster model of dual infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus. Serum pseudotype neutralization assays against HIV-1 particles carrying wild-type, N121T, and N121S spikes with immune mouse and human sera revealed that N121T and N121S mutations had a greater impact on serum neutralization than biliverdin treatment. Although N121T and N121S substitutions are not currently major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, this study could provide fundamental information to prepare for potential future mutations at the N121 site of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Lo
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun A Lim
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seong Sik Jang
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Min Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Alain Chrysler Chamfort
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Da Young Mun
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Min Chang Kang
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Han Byul Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Department of Vaccine Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Hye Kwon Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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26
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Kozlov G, Franceschi C, Vedunova M. Intricacies of aging and Down syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105794. [PMID: 38971514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most frequently occurring genetic condition, with a substantial escalation in risk associated with advanced maternal age. The syndrome is characterized by a diverse range of phenotypes, affecting to some extent all levels of organization, and its progeroid nature - early manifestation of aspects of the senile phenotype. Despite extensive investigations, many aspects and mechanisms of the disease remain unexplored. The current review aims to provide an overview of the main causes and manifestations of Down syndrome, while also examining the phenomenon of accelerated aging and exploring potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kozlov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin ave., 23, 603022, Russia
| | - C Franceschi
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin ave., 23, 603022, Russia
| | - M Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin ave., 23, 603022, Russia; Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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27
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Hung HC, Tan BF, Lin WS, Wu SC. Glycan masking of NTD loops with a chimeric RBD of the spike protein as a vaccine design strategy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29893. [PMID: 39192804 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein comprises five exposed protruding loops. Deletions, insertions, and substitutions within these NTD loops play a significant role in viral evolution and contribute to immune evasion. We reported previously that introducing the glycan masking mutation R158N/Y160T in the NTD loop led to increased titers of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-01 strain, as well as the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. In this study, we conducted further investigations on 10 additional glycan-masking sites in the NTD loops. Our findings indicate that the introduction of glycan masking mutations, specifically N87/G89T, H146N/N148T, N185/K187T, and V213N/D215T significantly enhanced neutralizing antibody titers against the Delta variant. The combination of dual glycan-masking mutations R158N/Y160T+V213N/D215T and R158N/Y160T+G219N results in a shift toward the Omicron BA.1. Furthermore, the introduction of the Omicron receptor binding domain (RBD) alongside these two dual glycan masking mutations of Wuhan-Hu-1 and XBB.1 NTD sequences resulted in a noticeable shift in antigenic distances, aligning with the Omicron BA.4/5, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1 subvariants on the antigenic map. This strategic combination, which involves the dual glycan masking mutations R158N/Y160T+V213N/D215T and R158N/Y160T+G219N in the NTD loops, along with the domain swap incorporating the Omicron RBD, emerges as a promising vaccine design strategy for the continuous development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chan Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Boon-Fatt Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shuo Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Adimmune Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Srivastava PK, Klomhaus AM, Rafique A, Desai PS, Daniels LB, Yancy CW, Yang EH, Fonarow GC, Parikh RV. Guideline-directed medical therapy prescribing patterns and in-hospital outcomes among heart failure patients during COVID-19. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 45:100440. [PMID: 39220717 PMCID: PMC11363726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Study objective The association of prior to admission guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) use in patients hospitalized with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF, ejection fraction ≤40 %) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with in-hospital outcomes has not been well studied. Design/setting/participants/interventions/outcome measures Using the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure Registry, we identified HFrEF patients presenting with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and compared rates of GDMT prescription between those presenting prior to and during the pandemic. In a subgroup of patients with a concomitant COVID-19 diagnosis, we evaluated the association of prior to admission GDMT use with in-hospital mortality and severe COVID-19. Results 23,899 patients were admitted with HFrEF during the pandemic (2/16/20-3/24/21) and 26,459 patients were admitted in the year prior (2/16/19-2/15/20). In this overall cohort, prior to admission ACEI/ARB/ARNI (45.6 % vs 48.1 %, p < 0.0001) and BB (56.9 % vs 62.4 %, p < 0.0001) use was lower among admitted HFrEF patients during the pandemic when compared to the year prior. Rates of ACEI/ARB/ARNI, MRA, and triple therapy (ACE/ARB/ARNI + BB + MRA) prescription at discharge were higher during the pandemic compared to the year prior. Among a subgroup of those with HFrEF and COVID-19 (n = 333), prior to admission GDMT use was not associated with in-hospital mortality or severe COVID-19. Conclusion We found no association between prior to admission GDMT use and in-hospital mortality or severe COVID-19 among HFrEF patients admitted with ADHF and COVID-19. GDMT prescription at discharge for HFrEF patients overall has remained either similar or improved during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyaksh K. Srivastava
- Division of Cardiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra M. Klomhaus
- Department of Medicine, Statistics Core, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Asim Rafique
- Division of Cardiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Pooja S. Desai
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Lori B. Daniels
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Clyde W. Yancy
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Eric H. Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregg C. Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Rushi V. Parikh
- Division of Cardiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Oliveira EH, Monteleone-Cassiano AC, Tavares L, Santos JC, Lima TM, Gomes GF, Tanaka PP, Monteiro CJ, Munuera M, Batah SS, Fabro AT, Faça VM, Masson AP, Donadi EA, Dametto M, Bonacin R, Martins RB, Neto EA, daSilva LLP, Cunha TM, Passos GA. A mimetic peptide of ACE2 protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreases pulmonary inflammation related to COVID-19. Antiviral Res 2024; 229:105968. [PMID: 39004311 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Since human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as a primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, characterizing ACE2 regions that allow SARS-CoV-2 to enter human cells is essential for designing peptide-based antiviral blockers and elucidating the pathogenesis of the virus. We identified and synthesized a 25-mer mimetic peptide (encompassing positions 22-46 of the ACE2 alpha-helix α1) implicated in the S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 interface. The mimetic (wild-type, WT) ACE2 peptide significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection of human pulmonary Calu-3 cells in vitro. In silico protein modeling predicted that residues F28, K31, F32, F40, and Y41 of the ACE2 alpha-helix α1 are critical for the original, Delta, and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 to establish the Spike RBD-ACE2 interface. Substituting these residues with alanine (A) or aspartic acid (D) abrogated the antiviral protective effect of the peptides, indicating that these positions are critical for viral entry into pulmonary cells. WT ACE2 peptide, but not the A or D mutated peptides, exhibited significant interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD, as shown through molecular dynamics simulations. Through identifying the critical amino acid residues of the ACE2 alpha-helix α1, which is necessary for the Spike RBD-ACE2 interface and mobilized during the in vitro viral infection of cells, we demonstrated that the WT ACE2 peptide protects susceptible K18-hACE2 mice against in vivo SARS-CoV-2 infection and is effective for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernna H Oliveira
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Monteleone-Cassiano
- Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tavares
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jadson C Santos
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais M Lima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanni F Gomes
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro P Tanaka
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia J Monteiro
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Munuera
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina S Batah
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre T Fabro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Faça
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P Masson
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Dametto
- Renato Archer Technology Information Center, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bonacin
- Renato Archer Technology Information Center, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Martins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda Neto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Lamberti P daSilva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Center for Virus Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A Passos
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Bhowmick S, Mistri TK, Khan MR, Patil PC, Busquets R, Ashif Ikbal AM, Choudhury A, Roy DK, Palit P, Saha A. Investigation of bio-active Amaryllidaceae alkaloidal small molecules as putative SARS-CoV-2 main protease and host TMPRSS2 inhibitors: interpretation by in-silico simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:7107-7127. [PMID: 37482789 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2238065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outburst is still threatening global health. This highly contagious viral disease is caused by the infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 complications induce noteworthy mortality. Potential chemical hits and leads against SARS-CoV-2 for combating Covid-19 are urgently required. In the present study, a virtual-screening protocol was executed on potential Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from a pool of natural compound library against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2). For the collected 1016 alkaloids from the curated library, initially, molecular docking using AutoDock Vina (ADV), and thereafter 100 ns molecular-dynamic (MD) simulation has been executed for the best top-ranked binding affinity compounds for both the viral and host proteins. Comprehensive intermolecular-binding interactions profile of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids suggested that phyto-compounds Galantamine, Lycorenine, and Neronine as potent modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and host TMPRSS2 protein. All atomistic long range 100 ns MD simulation studies of each top ranked complex in triplicates also illustrated strong binding affinity of three compounds towards Mpro and TMPRSS2. Identified compounds might be recommended as prospective anti-viral agents for future drug development selectively targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro or blocking host TMPRSS2 receptor, subjected to pre-clinical and clinical assessment for a better understanding of in-vitro molecular interaction and in-vivo validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapan Kumar Mistri
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Potheri, India
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pritee Chunarkar Patil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Division of Pharmacognosy, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University (A Central University), Assam, India
| | | | - Dilip Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Division of Pharmacognosy, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University (A Central University), Assam, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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31
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Pereira-Silva GC, Cornélio CKCA, Pacheco G, Rochael NC, Gomes IAB, Cajado AG, Silva KC, Gonçalves BS, Temerozo JR, Bastos RS, Rocha JA, Souza LP, Souza MHLP, Lima-Júnior RCP, Medeiros JVR, Filgueiras MC, Bou-Habib DC, Saraiva EM, Nicolau LAD. Diminazene aceturate inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced inflammation involving leukocyte migration and DNA extracellular traps formation. Life Sci 2024; 352:122895. [PMID: 38986896 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (Spk)-induced inflammatory response and its downmodulation by diminazene aceturate (DIZE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Through inducing Spk inflammation in murine models, leukocyte migration to the peritoneum, levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), rolling and adhesion of mesenteric leukocytes, and vascular permeability were investigated. Extracellular DNA traps (DETs) induced by Spk and the production of IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed using human neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. In silico assays assessed the molecular interaction between DIZE and molecules related to leukocyte migration and DETs induction. KEY FINDINGS Spk triggered acute inflammation, demonstrated by increasing leukocyte migration. Oxidative stress was evidenced by elevated levels of MPO and MDA in the peritoneal liquid. DIZE attenuated cell migration, rolling, and leukocyte adhesion, improved vascular barrier function, mitigated DETs, and reduced the production of Spk-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Computational studies supported our findings, showing the molecular interaction of DIZE with targets such as β2 integrin, PI3K, and PAD2 due to its intermolecular coupling. SIGNIFICANCE Our results outline a novel role of DIZE as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating Spk-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gean C Pereira-Silva
- Laboratory on Innate Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cassia K C A Cornélio
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Natalia C Rochael
- Laboratory on Innate Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isaac A B Gomes
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Aurilene G Cajado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Katriane C Silva
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo R Temerozo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunemodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ruan S Bastos
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Jefferson A Rocha
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Souza
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Marcellus H L P Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberto C P Lima-Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jand V R Medeiros
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Filgueiras
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunemodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira M Saraiva
- Laboratory on Innate Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lucas A D Nicolau
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Laboratory of Inflammation and Translational Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Huang L, Wang Y, He Y, Huang D, Wen T, Han Z. Association Between COVID-19 and Neurological Diseases: Evidence from Large-Scale Mendelian Randomization Analysis and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6354-6365. [PMID: 38300446 PMCID: PMC11339101 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of neurological diseases, but it remains unclear whether the association is causal. The present study aims to evaluate the causal relationships between SARS-CoV-2 infections and neurological diseases and analyzes the potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry at the cellular level. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with CAUSE method to investigate causal relationship of SARS-CoV-2 infections with neurological diseases. Then, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to obtain evidence of potential neuroinvasion routes by measuring SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression in specific cell subtypes. Fast gene set enrichment analysis (fGSEA) was further performed to assess the pathogenesis of related diseases. The results showed that the COVID-19 is causally associated with manic (delta_elpd, - 0.1300, Z-score: - 2.4; P = 0.0082) and epilepsy (delta_elpd: - 2.20, Z-score: - 1.80; P = 0.038). However, no significant effects were observed for COVID-19 on other traits. Moreover, there are 23 cell subtypes identified through the scRNA-seq transcriptomics data of epilepsy, and SARS-CoV-2 receptor TTYH2 was found to be specifically expressed in oligodendrocyte and astrocyte cell subtypes. Furthermore, fGSEA analysis showed that the cell subtypes with receptor-specific expression was related to methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ME3), neuronal system, aging brain, neurogenesis, and neuron projection. In summary, this study shows causal links between SARS-CoV-2 infections and neurological disorders such as epilepsy and manic, supported by MR and scRNA-seq analysis. These results should be considered in further studies and public health measures on COVID-19 and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijie He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijie Han
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Thomas C, Faghy MA, Chidley C, Phillips BE, Bewick T, Ashton RE. Blood Biomarkers of Long COVID: A Systematic Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:537-574. [PMID: 39103645 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long coronavirus disease (COVID; LC) affects millions of people worldwide. The exact mechanisms which result in a broad, undulating and detrimental symptom profile remain unknown. Blood biomarkers associated with LC have been described; however, consensus on these remains elusive, in part due to a lack of continuity between studies on a universally accepted definition of LC. This systematic review aimed to consolidate current knowledge of blood biomarkers associated with the prevalence of LC on the basis of the World Health Organisation (WHO) clinical definition of this condition. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Observational, cross-sectional, and randomised control studies published in the English language that studied blood biomarkers associated with the WHO definition of LC. All studies included participants who were ≥ 18 years old and group sizes ≥ 10 participants, and were compared against a control group without any known co-morbidities. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and prospectively registered on Prospero (ID: CRD42022373121). The Cochrane, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to January 2024. Search results were gathered using Rayyan software and data extracted using Microsoft Excel. The reporting recommendations for tumour markers prognostic studies (REMARK) questionnaire was used to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 45 observational and one interventional study comprising 4415 participants were included in this review which identified 525 blood biomarkers thought to be associated with LC. Three blood biomarker subtypes were associated with the development of LC: (1) immunological and inflammatory dysfunction, (2) endothelial/vascular dysfunction and (3) metabolic and clotting abnormalities. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with previous findings; however, no single biomarker was sufficiently associated with LC prevalence and instead a profile of biomarkers across various physiological systems may be more clinically useful. In all, 196 studies were excluded due to a lack of an adequately healthy comparator group and/or failure to meet the WHO LC definition. This demonstrates a need for further research incorporating a universal LC definition across all disease severity groups and symptom profiles, and longitudinal data reflecting the relapsing and remitting nature of this condition. Further investigation into blood biomarkers of LC, including clear reporting of healthy comparator groups and the investigation of acute and chronic biomarker changes, within the context of medical practice, may support the development of curative/restorative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Thomas
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research Theme, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK.
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mark A Faghy
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research Theme, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Corinna Chidley
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research Theme, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Thomas Bewick
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Ruth E Ashton
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research Theme, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Ansari AW, Ahmad F, Alam MA, Raheed T, Zaqout A, Al-Maslamani M, Ahmad A, Buddenkotte J, Al-Khal A, Steinhoff M. Virus-Induced Host Chemokine CCL2 in COVID-19 Pathogenesis: Potential Prognostic Marker and Target of Anti-Inflammatory Strategy. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2578. [PMID: 39192485 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of inflammatory mediators, mainly cytokines and chemokines, are induced during SARS CoV-2 infection. Among these proinflammatory mediators, chemokines tend to play a pivotal role in virus-mediated immunopathology. The C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine and strong chemoattractant of monocytes, macrophages and CD4+ T cells bearing C-C chemokine receptor type-2 (CCR2). Besides controlling immune cell trafficking, CCL2 is also involved in multiple pathophysiological processes including systemic hyperinflammation associated cytokine release syndrome (CRS), organ fibrosis and blood coagulation. These pathological features are commonly manifested in severe and fatal cases of COVID-19. Given the crucial role of CCL2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the CCL2:CCR2 axis may constitute a potential therapeutic target to control virus-induced hyperinflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. Herein we describe recent advances on elucidating the role of CCL2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis, prognosis, and a potential target of anti-inflammatory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahid Ansari
- Dermatology Institute, Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Dermatology Institute, Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majid Ali Alam
- Dermatology Institute, Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thesni Raheed
- Dermatology Institute, Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Zaqout
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna Al-Maslamani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Dermatology Institute, Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Dermatology Institute, Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullatif Al-Khal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Dermatology Institute, Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Dermatology, Weill Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Xu Q, Mao X, Zhang J, Wu L. Immediate application of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle in month following COVID-19 recovery does not impair ongoing pregnancy outcome. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 64:388-394. [PMID: 38437458 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether immediate frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in the next month following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery affects ongoing pregnancy outcome. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study carried out at a university-affiliated reproductive medicine center. The study group (post-COVID-19 group) comprised women who were affected by COVID-19 in December 2022 and immediately underwent FET in January 2023 after recovery, with transferred embryos not exposed to the infection. The control group comprised women treated during the pre-COVID-19 period (January 2019). Multivariable logistic regression analysis and a propensity score matching (PSM) approach were used to control for potential confounders and selection bias. RESULTS A total of 200 women were included in the post-COVID-19 group and 641 women were enrolled in the control group. The rate of ongoing pregnancy was comparable between the study cohorts in both the unadjusted and confounder-adjusted logistic regression models. Other reproductive outcomes, including the odds of a positive pregnancy test, implantation, clinical pregnancy and early pregnancy loss, were similar between the comparison groups. PSM models further confirmed the lack of significant differences in pregnancy outcome between the post-COVID-19 group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients affected by COVID-19 for whom the transferred embryos were generated prior to infection, an immediate FET cycle in the next month after recovery does not seem to compromise ongoing pregnancy outcome. Thus, women who have frozen embryos from preinfection cycles should be counseled and encouraged to undergo FET as soon as possible after COVID-19 recovery. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Xu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Mao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chan CS, Kong JY, Sultana R, Mundra V, Babata KL, Mazzarella K, Adhikari EH, Yeo KT, Hascoët JM, Brion LP. Optimal Delivery Management for the Prevention of Early Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:1625-1633. [PMID: 38267002 DOI: 10.1055/a-2253-5665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delivery management interventions (DMIs) were recommended to prevent delivery-associated transmission of maternal SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) to infants without evidence of effect on early neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection (ENI) and neonatal death <28 days of life (ND). This systematic review describes different DMI combinations and the frequency of ENI and ND. STUDY DESIGN Individual patient data were collected from articles published from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 from Cochrane review databases, Medline, and Google Scholar. Article inclusion criteria were: documented maternal SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive status 10 days before delivery or symptomatic at delivery with a positive test within 48 hours, known delivery method, and known infant SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Primary outcomes were ENI (positive PCR at 12 hours to 10 days) and ND. All characteristics were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird inverse variance method. Primary outcome analyses were performed using logit transformation and random effect. Pooled results were expressed as percentages (95% confidence intervals). Continuity correction was applied for all pooled results if any included study has 0 event. RESULTS A total of 11,075 publications were screened. 117 publications representing 244 infants and 230 mothers were included. All publications were case reports. ENI and ND were reported in 23.4% (18.2-29.18) and 2.1% (0.67-4.72) of cases, respectively. Among cases with available information, DMIs were reported for physical environment (85-100%), delivery-specific interventions (47-100%), and infant care practices (80-100%). No significant comparisons could be performed between different DMI combinations due to small sample size. CONCLUSION The evidence supporting any DMI in SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers to prevent ENI or ND is extremely limited. Limitations of this meta-analysis include high risk of bias, small sample size, and large confidence intervals. This identifies the need for multinational database generation and specific studies designed to provide evidence of DMI guidelines best suited to prevent transmission from mother to neonate. KEY POINTS · In this review we analyzed 2 years of maternal SARS-CoV-2 published cases.. · We assessed association of delivery management interventions with infant SARS-CoV-2 infection.. · We found no evidence supporting any DMI for that purpose..
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Chan
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Juin Yee Kong
- Department of Neonatology, Kandang Kerbau Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Rehena Sultana
- Department of Quantitative Medicine, Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Vatsala Mundra
- School of Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kikelomo L Babata
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kelly Mazzarella
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Emily H Adhikari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kee Thai Yeo
- Department of Neonatology, Kandang Kerbau Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jean-Michel Hascoët
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Lorraine University, DevAH, CHRU-Nancy, France
| | - Luc P Brion
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Chen Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Pei L, Zhang L, Zou D. NanoLuciferase technology-based detection of TMPRSS2 as attempt to develop anti-coronavirus agents. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101783. [PMID: 39156721 PMCID: PMC11326902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
•Utilized NanoBiT technology for high-throughput screening.•Identified compounds reducing TMPRSS2 expression, a crucial step for SARS-CoV-2 entry.•Explored a broad range of compound libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunqi Li
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Hu J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Hu J, Ru Y, Zhang L, Xie L, Xue L. SARS-CoV-2 Inhibits Exo-Endocytosis and Enhances Short-Term Depression at a Central Synapse. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01293-0. [PMID: 39217213 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qingzhuo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pain Management, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yichen Ru
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Lei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Dong S, Wang Y, Ding Y. Opportunities and challenges encountered in managing cervical cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:41. [PMID: 39210452 PMCID: PMC11361151 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic, while putting pressure on the global healthcare system, has had a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities presented to cervical cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide lessons for better coping with cervical cancer in future pandemics. METHODS The search terms included the following: SARS-CoV-2 and/or COVID-19 with cervical cancer and HPV. The initial literature search began on June 1, 2022 and ended on March 1, 2023. OUTCOME COVID-19 has hindered the cervical cancer screening, delayed the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, increased the public's anxiety, and negatively affected the management of cervical cancer. However, the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic has promoted the development of new human papillomavirus (HPV) tests and improved the rates of HPV self-sampling, offering a small window of opportunity to eliminate cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS In the next few years, the COVID-19 pandemic will come to an end, and the eradication of cervical cancer should always be carried out. We should draw lessons and experience from this global pandemic, and make efforts for the subsequent eradication of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Dong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road No. 16, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yankui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road No. 16, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Dmytrenko O, Das S, Kovacs A, Cicka M, Liu M, Scheaffer SM, Bredemeyer A, Mack M, Diamond MS, Lavine KJ. Infiltrating monocytes drive cardiac dysfunction in a cardiomyocyte-restricted mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Virol 2024:e0117924. [PMID: 39207134 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01179-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include myocardial injury, heart failure, and myocarditis and are associated with long-term disability and mortality. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and antigens are found in the myocardium of COVID-19 patients, and human cardiomyocytes are susceptible to infection in cell or organoid cultures. While these observations raise the possibility that cardiomyocyte infection may contribute to the cardiac sequelae of COVID-19, a causal relationship between cardiomyocyte infection and myocardial dysfunction and pathology has not been established. Here, we generated a mouse model of cardiomyocyte-restricted infection by selectively expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in cardiomyocytes. Inoculation of Myh6-Cre Rosa26loxP-STOP-loxP-hACE2 mice with an ancestral, non-mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in viral replication within the heart, accumulation of macrophages, and moderate left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Cardiac pathology in this model was transient and resolved with viral clearance. Blockade of monocyte trafficking reduced macrophage accumulation, suppressed the development of LV systolic dysfunction, and promoted viral clearance in the heart. These findings establish a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 cardiomyocyte infection that recapitulates features of cardiac dysfunctions of COVID-19 and suggests that both viral replication and resultant innate immune responses contribute to cardiac pathology.IMPORTANCEHeart involvement after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurs in multiple ways and is associated with worse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. It remains unclear if cardiac disease is driven by primary infection of the heart or immune response to the virus. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of entering contractile cells of the heart in a culture dish. However, it remains unclear how such infection affects the function of the heart in the body. Here, we designed a mouse in which only heart muscle cells can be infected with a SARS-CoV-2 strain to study cardiac infection in isolation from other organ systems. In our model, infected mice show viral infection, worse function, and accumulation of immune cells in the heart. A subset of immune cells facilitates such worsening heart function. As this model shows features similar to those observed in patients, it may be useful for understanding the heart disease that occurs as a part of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Dmytrenko
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Markus Cicka
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meizi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne M Scheaffer
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrea Bredemeyer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Takeuchi Y, Masuda T, Kimura N, Mizukami T, Yoshinaga K, Hirano T, Suzuki M, Matsubara E. Deterioration of Vocal Cord Paralysis after COVID-19 Infection in Multiple System Atrophy. Intern Med 2024:4110-24. [PMID: 39198167 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4110-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that often causes vocal cord paralysis (VCP), Parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. VCP is the most fatal symptom that affects the prognosis of patients with MSA. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often associated with neurological complications and it has recently been reported to induce VCP in patients without neurodegenerative diseases. We herein present two cases of patients with MSA in whom VCP worsened after COVID-19 and this led to the need to perform emergency tracheostomies. As VCP may deteriorate after COVID-19 in patients with MSA, it is important to prevent COVID-19 in these patients and closely monitor such patients for any signs of VCP deterioration post-infection to improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan
| | - Teruaki Masuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizukami
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshinaga
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oita University, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oita University, Japan
| | - Masashi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oita University, Japan
| | - Etsuro Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan
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Ibrahim R. The effect of pre-hospital use of RAS inhibitors on COVID-19 mortality. J Investig Med 2024:10815589241270417. [PMID: 39075674 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241270417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The effect of pre-hospital use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)) on clinical outcomes of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 has been questioned due to conflicting reports on this issue. After applying exclusion criteria, 175 COVID-19 hospitalized patients admitted to the Tishreen Hospital from January 1 to July 31, 2021 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality rate were assessed between hypertensive (N = 91, 52%) and non-hypertensive (N = 84, 48%) patients, as well as between patients taking ACEis/ARBs and non-ACEis/ARBs within the hypertensive group. A lower mortality rate (51.2 versus 31.9%, p = 0.009) was observed in the hypertensive group (mean age 64.6 years, 64.8% males) compared to the non-hypertensive (mean age 62.6 years, 66.7% males). Patients' mortality in the non-hypertensive group was associated with lower blood oxygen saturation (SPO2 = 75 versus 86%, p = 0.002), increased levels of inflammatory (CRP, white blood cell and neutrophils count), and tissue/renal injury markers (LDH, urea, and creatinine). In the hypertensive group, a lower mortality rate was noted in the ACEis/ARBs group compared to the non-ACEis/ARBs (24.1 versus 45.5%, p = 0.036), and this was associated with a decrease in D-DIMER levels, although not significant (1723 versus 2683 ng/mL, p > 0.05). Death in the non-ACEis/ARBs group was associated with decreased SPO2 and tissue/renal injury markers (LDH, CK, AST, urea, and creatinine). We concluded that hypertension is not a direct cause of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients and that multi-organ damage is a significant indicator of death from COVID-19. RAS inhibitors could improve the survival of hypertensive COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy,Al-Sham Private University (ASPU), Lattakia, Syria
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
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Papp H, Tóth E, Bóvári-Biri J, Bánfai K, Juhász P, Mahdi M, Russo LC, Bajusz D, Sipos A, Petri L, Szalai TV, Kemény Á, Madai M, Kuczmog A, Batta G, Mózner O, Vaskó D, Hirsch E, Bohus P, Méhes G, Tőzsér J, Curtin NJ, Helyes Z, Tóth A, Hoch NC, Jakab F, Keserű GM, Pongrácz JE, Bai P. The PARP inhibitor rucaparib blocks SARS-CoV-2 virus binding to cells and the immune reaction in models of COVID-19. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39191429 DOI: 10.1111/bph.17305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To date, there are limited options for severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. As ADP-ribosylation events are involved in regulating the life cycle of coronaviruses and the inflammatory reactions of the host; we have, here, assessed the repurposing of registered PARP inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of PARP inhibitors on virus uptake were assessed in cell-based experiments using multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2. The binding of rucaparib to spike protein was tested by molecular modelling and microcalorimetry. The anti-inflammatory properties of rucaparib were demonstrated in cell-based models upon challenging with recombinant spike protein or SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine. KEY RESULTS We detected high levels of oxidative stress and strong PARylation in all cell types in the lungs of COVID-19 patients, both of which negatively correlated with lymphocytopaenia. Interestingly, rucaparib, unlike other tested PARP inhibitors, reduced the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate through binding to the conserved 493-498 amino acid region located in the spike-ACE2 interface in the spike protein and prevented viruses from binding to ACE2. In addition, the spike protein and viral RNA-induced overexpression of cytokines was down-regulated by the inhibition of PARP1 by rucaparib at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results point towards repurposing rucaparib for treating inflammatory responses in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Papp
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Bóvári-Biri
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánfai
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Juhász
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lilian Cristina Russo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Petri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Viktor Szalai
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mónika Madai
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anett Kuczmog
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Mózner
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Vaskó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Hirsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Hungarian Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Section of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nicolas C Hoch
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongrácz
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Frye C, Cunningham CL, Mihailescu MR. Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome 3'-Untranslated Region Interactions with Host MicroRNAs. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36148-36164. [PMID: 39220490 PMCID: PMC11360049 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The 2019 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has marked the spread of a novel human coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 has exhibited increased disease severity and immune evasion across its variants, and the molecular mechanisms behind these phenomena remain largely unknown. Conserved elements of the viral genome, such as secondary structures within the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), could prove crucial in furthering our understanding of the host-virus interface. Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome 3'-UTR revealed the potential for host microRNA (miR) binding sites, allowing for sequence-specific interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 genome 3'-UTR binds the host cellular miRs miR-34a-5p, miR-34b-5p, and miR-760-3p in vitro. Native gel electrophoresis and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy were utilized to biophysically characterize the binding of these miRs to their predicted sites within the SARS-CoV-2 genome 3'-UTR. Additionally, we investigated 2'-fluoro-d-arabinonucleic acid (FANA) analogs as competitive binding inhibitors for these interactions. These miRs modulate the translation of granulin (GRN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), all of which are key modulators and activators of JAK/STAT3 signaling and are implicated in regulation of the immune response. Thus, we propose that hijacking of these miRs by SARS-CoV-2 could identify a mechanism of host immune modulation by the virus. The mechanisms detailed in this study have the potential to drive the development of antiviral treatments for SARS-CoV-2, through direct targeting of the virus-host interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb
J. Frye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Caylee L. Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Mihaela Rita Mihailescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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Sakurai Y, Okada S, Ozeki T, Yoshikawa R, Kinoshita T, Yasuda J. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants progressively adapt to human cells with altered host cell entry. mSphere 2024:e0033824. [PMID: 39191389 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00338-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant exhibits high transmissibility with a strong immune escape ability and causes frequent large-scale global infections by producing predominant subvariants. Here, using human upper/lower airway and intestinal cells, we examined the previously dominant BA.1-BA.5 and BA.2.75 subvariants, together with the recently emerged XBB/BQ lineages, in comparison to the former Delta variant. We observed a tendency for each virus to demonstrate higher growth capability than the previously dominant subvariants. Unlike human bronchial and intestinal cells, nasal epithelial cells accommodated the efficient entry of certain Omicron subvariants, similar to the Delta variant. In contrast to the Delta's reliance on cell-surface transmembrane protease serine 2, all tested Omicron variants depended on endosomal cathepsin L. Moreover, S1/S2 cleavage of early Omicron spikes was less efficient, whereas recent viruses exhibit improved cleavage efficacy. Our results show that the Omicron variant progressively adapts to human cells through continuous endosome-mediated host cell entry.IMPORTANCESARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, has evolved into a number of variants/subvariants, which have generated multiple global waves of infection. In order to monitor/predict virological features of emerging variants and determine appropriate strategies for anti-viral development, understanding conserved or altered features of evolving SARS-CoV-2 is important. In this study, we addressed previously or recently predominant Omicron subvariants and demonstrated the gradual adaptation to human cells. The host cell entry route, which was altered from the former Delta variant, was conserved among all tested Omicron subvariants. Collectively, this study revealed both changing and maintained features of SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron variant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuteru Sakurai
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okada
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ozeki
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rokusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kinoshita
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Wang WJ, Tang HT, Ou SC, Shen WJ, Chen CY, Li YC, Chang SY, Chang WC, Hsueh PR, Huang ST, Hung MC. Novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibition properties of the anti-cancer Kang Guan Recipe herbal formula. Cancer Lett 2024:217198. [PMID: 39197583 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a persistent challenge, with continued breakthrough infections despite vaccination efforts. This has spurred interest in alternative preventive measures, including dietary and herbal interventions. Previous research has demonstrated that herbal medicines can not only inhibit cancer progression but also combat viral infections, including COVID-19 by targeting SARS-CoV-2, indicating a multifaceted potential to address both viruses and cancer. Here, we found that the Kang Guan Recipe (KGR), a novel herbal medicine formula, associates with potent inhibition activity against the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. We demonstrate that KGR exhibits inhibitory activity against several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Mechanistically, we found that KGR can block the interaction of the viral spike and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Furthermore, we assessed the inhibitory effect of KGR on SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in vivo, observing that serum samples from healthy human subjects having taken KGR exhibited suppressive activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our investigation provides valuable insights into the potential of KGR as a novel herbal-based preventive and therapeutic strategy against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ting Tang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chen Ou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jou Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Dept of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotchnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Dept of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Program for Aging, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Cancer Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lira Tenório MD, Dos Santos Menezes Siqueira GV, Costa Caldas G, Pacheco de Almeida R, Ribeiro de Jesus A, Martins-Filho PR. Asthma as a risk factor and allergic rhinitis as a protective factor for COVID-19 severity: a case-control study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08893-6. [PMID: 39180537 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global morbidity and mortality. The disease presents a broad clinical spectrum, significantly influenced by underlying comorbidities. While certain conditions are known to exacerbate COVID-19 outcomes, the role of chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and rhinitis in influencing disease severity remains controversial. This study investigates the association between asthma and allergic rhinitis and the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in a specific geographical region prior to widespread vaccine deployment. METHODS We conducted a case-control study with unvaccinated adult patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cases were defined as severe or critical COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and controls were non-severe patients without signs of viral pneumonia or hypoxia. We utilized the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire to assess the presence of asthma and allergic rhinitis. The association between these chronic inflammatory airway diseases and the severity of COVID-19 was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 122 patients were analyzed, with 61 in each group. The presence of asthma (9 patients) was associated with an increased likelihood of severe COVID-19 (OR = 13.0; 95% CI 1.27-133.74), while rhinitis (39 patients) was associated with a protective effect against severe outcomes (OR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.13-0.99). No significant association was found between the frequency of asthmatic episodes or the severity of rhinitis and the severity of COVID-19 outcomes. CONCLUSION This study underscores the divergent effects of chronic inflammatory airway diseases on COVID-19 severity, with asthma associated with a higher likelihood of severe outcomes and rhinitis potentially offering protective effects. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex interactions between respiratory allergies and COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of targeted clinical management and public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Débora Lira Tenório
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
- Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Patologia Investigativa, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Sanatório, Aracaju, CEP: 49060-100, Sergipe, Brasil.
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Yan HW, Feng YD, Tang N, Cao FC, Lei YF, Cao W, Li XQ. Viral myocarditis: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic prospects. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176935. [PMID: 39182550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Myocarditis is characterized as local or diffuse inflammatory lesions in the myocardium, primarily caused by viruses and other infections. It is a common cause of sudden cardiac death and dilated cardiomyopathy. In recent years, the global prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the widespread vaccination have coincided with a notable increase in the number of reported cases of myocarditis. In light of the potential threat that myocarditis poses to global public health, numerous studies have sought to elucidate the pathogenesis of this condition. However, despite these efforts, effective treatment strategies remain elusive. To collate the current research advances in myocarditis, and thereby provide possible directions for further research, this review summarizes the mechanisms involved in viral invasion of the organism and primarily focuses on how viruses trigger excessive inflammatory responses and in result in different types of cell death. Furthermore, this article outlines existing therapeutic approaches and potential therapeutic targets for the acute phase of myocarditis. In particular, immunomodulatory treatments are emphasized and suggested as the most extensively studied and clinically promising therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Yan
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Ying-Da Feng
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Feng-Chuan Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Ying-Feng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Begum F, Chandra S, Mallik MH, Dey J, Tripathi PP, Ray U. A SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigen purified from bacteria and displayed in a high-density repetitive manner on a virus-like particle could generate anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies unlike free peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 739:150579. [PMID: 39205338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus. Proteins of the lipid based envelope are not rigidly arranged as compared to non-enveloped viruses lacking lipid based outer layer. Rigidly arranged multivalent display has been reported to be important for potent immune stimulation. We assembled himeric virus-like-particle (VLP) where the core of the particle is composed of the coat protein of Acinetobacter phage. Peptide-based antigen from receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been displayed on the coat based VLP matrix using spy-tag/spy-catcher split inteine conjugation system that allows spontaneous, irreversible isopeptide bond formation. Both the matrix as well as peptide have been purified from bacteria which is an easy platform for protein purification. We used the closed state of spike trimer for epitope mapping as this is the conformation of the spike that the immune system visualizes unlike the open state that appears when the virus tries to attach to receptor. Mice based immunization studies were used to test immunogenicity of the antigens. The work demonstrates that peptide-based antigens displayed in high densities can induce neutralizing antibody production unlike free peptide. Careful choice of peptides can deliver better candidates. Also, small size allows easy improvisation. Production in bacteria offers cheaper and robust purification option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroza Begum
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C., Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shreyashi Chandra
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C., Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Md Hasan Mallik
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C., Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jhilik Dey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C., Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C., Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Upasana Ray
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C., Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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50
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Khanal R, Heinen N, Bogomolova A, Meister TL, Herrmann ST, Westhoven S, Nocke MK, Todt D, Jockenhövel F, Klein IM, Hartmann L, Vondran FWR, Steinmann E, Zimmer G, Ott M, Brown RJP, Sharma AD, Pfaender S. MicroRNAs modulate SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary human hepatocytes by regulating the entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Liver Int 2024. [PMID: 39175256 DOI: 10.1111/liv.16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) preferentially infects the respiratory tract; however, several studies have implicated a multi-organ involvement. Hepatic dysfunctions caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have been increasingly recognized and described to correlate with disease severity. To elucidate molecular factors that could contribute towards hepatic infection, we concentrated on microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that modulate various cellular processes and which are reported to be differentially regulated during liver injury. We aimed to study the infection of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) with SARS-CoV-2 and to evaluate the potential of miRNAs for modulating viral infection. METHODS We analysed liver autopsies from a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-positive cohort for the presence of viral RNA using Nanopore sequencing. PHH were used for the infection with SARS-CoV-2. The candidate miRNAs targeting angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) were identified using in silico approaches. To discover the potential regulatory mechanism, transfection experiments, qRT-PCRs, western blots and luciferase reporter assays were performed. RESULTS We could detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19-positive liver autopsies. We show that PHH express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and can be readily infected with SARS-CoV-2, resulting in robust replication. Transfection of selected miRNA mimics reduced SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression and SARS-CoV-2 burden in PHH. In silico and biochemical analyses supported a potential direct binding of miR-141-3p to the SARS-CoV-2 genome. CONCLUSION We confirm that PHH are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrate selected miRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 entry factors and/or the viral genome reduce viral loads. These data provide novel insights into hepatic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and associated dysfunctions in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Khanal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Liver Regeneration & RNA Therapeutics, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Heinen
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bogomolova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Liver Regeneration & RNA Therapeutics, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Toni L Meister
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Centre for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon T Herrmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Research Unit Emerging Viruses, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Westhoven
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Research Unit Emerging Viruses, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian K Nocke
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Freya Jockenhövel
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Isabel M Klein
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral, Pediatric and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard J P Brown
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Liver Regeneration & RNA Therapeutics, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Research Unit Emerging Viruses, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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