1
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Simmons Beck R, Liang OD, Klinger JR. Light at the ENDothelium-role of Sox17 and Runx1 in endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1274033. [PMID: 38028440 PMCID: PMC10656768 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1274033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by an obliterative vasculopathy of the distal pulmonary circulation. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology, currently approved medical therapies for PAH act primarily as pulmonary vasodilators and fail to address the underlying processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease. Endothelial dysregulation in response to stress, injury or physiologic stimuli followed by perivascular infiltration of immune cells plays a prominent role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of PAH. Over the last few decades, our understanding of endothelial cell dysregulation has evolved and brought to light a number of transcription factors that play important roles in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. In this review, we examine two such factors, SOX17 and one of its downstream targets, RUNX1 and the emerging data that implicate their roles in the pathogenesis of PAH. We review their discovery and discuss their function in angiogenesis and lung vascular development including their roles in endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and their ability to drive progenitor stem cells toward an endothelial or myeloid fate. We also summarize the data from studies that link mutations in Sox17 with an increased risk of developing PAH and studies that implicate Sox17 and Runx1 in the pathogenesis of PAH. Finally, we review the results of recent studies from our lab demonstrating the efficacy of preventing and reversing pulmonary hypertension in animal models of PAH by deleting RUNX1 expression in endothelial or myeloid cells or by the use of RUNX1 inhibitors. By investigating PAH through the lens of SOX17 and RUNX1 we hope to shed light on the role of these transcription factors in vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysregulation, their contribution to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Simmons Beck
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Olin D. Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - James R. Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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2
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Zheng H, Chen Y, Luo Q, Zhang J, Huang M, Xu Y, Huo D, Shan W, Tie R, Zhang M, Qian P, Huang H. Generating hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells: approaches, progress and challenges. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 37656237 PMCID: PMC10474004 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been suggested as a potential source for the production of blood cells for clinical application. In two decades, almost all types of blood cells can be successfully generated from hPSCs through various differentiated strategies. Meanwhile, with a deeper understanding of hematopoiesis, higher efficiency of generating progenitors and precursors of blood cells from hPSCs is achieved. However, how to generate large-scale mature functional cells from hPSCs for clinical use is still difficult. In this review, we summarized recent approaches that generated both hematopoietic stem cells and mature lineage cells from hPSCs, and remarked their efficiency and mechanisms in producing mature functional cells. We also discussed the major challenges in hPSC-derived products of blood cells and provided some potential solutions. Our review summarized efficient, simple, and defined methodologies for developing good manufacturing practice standards for hPSC-derived blood cells, which will facilitate the translation of these products into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dawei Huo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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3
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Tamaoki N, Siebert S, Maeda T, Ha NH, Good ML, Huang Y, Vodnala SK, Haro-Mora JJ, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Sweeney CL, Choi U, Brault J, Koontz S, Malech HL, Yamazaki Y, Isonaka R, Goldstein DS, Kimura M, Takebe T, Zou J, Stroncek DF, Robey PG, Kruhlak MJ, Restifo NP, Vizcardo R. Self-organized yolk sac-like organoids allow for scalable generation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100460. [PMID: 37159663 PMCID: PMC10163025 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into various types of blood cells has been well established, approaches for clinical-scale production of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) remain challenging. We found that hiPSCs cocultured with stromal cells as spheroids (hematopoietic spheroids [Hp-spheroids]) can grow in a stirred bioreactor and develop into yolk sac-like organoids without the addition of exogenous factors. Hp-spheroid-induced organoids recapitulated a yolk sac-characteristic cellular complement and structures as well as the functional ability to generate HPCs with lympho-myeloid potential. Moreover, sequential hemato-vascular ontogenesis could also be observed during organoid formation. We demonstrated that organoid-induced HPCs can be differentiated into erythroid cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes with current maturation protocols. Notably, the Hp-spheroid system can be performed in an autologous and xeno-free manner, thereby improving the feasibility of bulk production of hiPSC-derived HPCs in clinical, therapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naritaka Tamaoki
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ngoc-Han Ha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghan L. Good
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yin Huang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suman K. Vodnala
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan J. Haro-Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colin L. Sweeney
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uimook Choi
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie Brault
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sherry Koontz
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Risa Isonaka
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David S. Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), and Division of Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David F. Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Restifo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raul Vizcardo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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Zhang S, Qu K, Lyu S, Hoyle DL, Smith C, Cheng L, Cheng T, Shen J, Wang ZZ. PEAR1 is a potential regulator of early hematopoiesis of human pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:179-194. [PMID: 36436185 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells are specialized endothelial cells to give rise to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells during hematopoietic development. The underlying mechanisms that regulate endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) of human HE cells are not fully understand. Here, we identified platelet endothelial aggregation receptor-1 (PEAR1) as a novel regulator of early hematopoietic development in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We found that the expression of PEAP1 was elevated during hematopoietic development. A subpopulation of PEAR1+ cells overlapped with CD34+ CD144+ CD184+ CD73- arterial-type HE cells. Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing indicated that TAL1/SCL, GATA2, MYB, RUNX1 and other key transcription factors for hematopoietic development were mainly expressed in PEAR1+ cells, whereas the genes encoding for niche-related signals, such as fibronectin, vitronectin, bone morphogenetic proteins and jagged1, were highly expressed in PEAR1- cells. The isolated PEAR1+ cells exhibited significantly greater EHT capacity on endothelial niche, compared with the PEAR1- cells. Colony-forming unit (CFU) assays demonstrated the multilineage hematopoietic potential of PEAR1+ -derived hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, PEAR1 knockout in hPSCs by CRISPR/Cas9 technology revealed that the hematopoietic differentiation was impaired, resulting in decreased EHT capacity, decreased expression of hematopoietic-related transcription factors, and increased expression of niche-related signals. In summary, this study revealed a novel role of PEAR1 in balancing intrinsic and extrinsic signals for early hematopoietic fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kengyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Dixie L Hoyle
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cory Smith
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Monsalve A, Canals I, Oburoglu L. FOXO1 regulates pentose phosphate pathway-mediated induction of developmental erythropoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1039636. [PMID: 36313554 PMCID: PMC9596918 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1039636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive, neonatal and adult erythroid cells have been previously shown to have an active pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that fuels various processes. However, it is unclear whether the PPP plays a role during the emergence of erythroid progenitors from hemogenic endothelium (HE). In this study, we explored PPP and its genetic regulation in developmental erythropoiesis. We induced hematopoietic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to obtain HE cells. These cells were treated with lentiviral vectors harboring shRNAs against FOXO1, or with inhibitors against the PPP, NRF2 or AKT. Erythroid differentiation, proliferation and frequency were evaluated by flow cytometry. Gene expression was assessed by qPCR or by analysis of available RNAseq data. We found that PPP is indispensable for the erythroid differentiation of HE cells and it partially fuels nucleotide biosynthesis. Moreover, we showed that NRF2 and AKT are essential, while FOXO1 is detrimental, for HE-derived erythroid differentiation. In contrast, blocking FOXO1 expression did not affect erythroid differentiation of cord-blood HSPCs. Mechanistically, FOXO1 inhibition in HE cells led to an increase in the non-oxidative branch of the PPP. During developmental erythropoiesis, the gradual decrease in FOXO1 activates the PPP and fuels nucleotide biosynthesis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuntxi Monsalve
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isaac Canals
- Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leal Oburoglu
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Leal Oburoglu,
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6
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Serina Secanechia YN, Bergiers I, Rogon M, Arnold C, Descostes N, Le S, López-Anguita N, Ganter K, Kapsali C, Bouilleau L, Gut A, Uzuotaite A, Aliyeva A, Zaugg JB, Lancrin C. Identifying a novel role for the master regulator Tal1 in the Endothelial to Hematopoietic Transition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16974. [PMID: 36217016 PMCID: PMC9550822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in the generation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) in vitro and ex vivo has been built on the knowledge of developmental hematopoiesis, underscoring the importance of understanding this process. HSPCs emerge within the embryonic vasculature through an Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition (EHT). The transcriptional regulator Tal1 exerts essential functions in the earliest stages of blood development, but is considered dispensable for the EHT. Nevertheless, Tal1 is expressed with its binding partner Lmo2 and it homologous Lyl1 in endothelial and transitioning cells at the time of EHT. Here, we investigated the function of these genes using a mouse embryonic-stem cell (mESC)-based differentiation system to model hematopoietic development. We showed for the first time that the expression of TAL1 in endothelial cells is crucial to ensure the efficiency of the EHT process and a sustained hematopoietic output. Our findings uncover an important function of Tal1 during the EHT, thus filling the current gap in the knowledge of the role of this master gene throughout the whole process of hematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Natalia Serina Secanechia
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Isabelle Bergiers
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy ,grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Present Address: Therapeutics Discovery, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Matt Rogon
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomolecular Network Analysis, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Arnold
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Descostes
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Bioinformatics Services, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Stephanie Le
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Natalia López-Anguita
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy ,grid.419538.20000 0000 9071 0620Present Address: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ganter
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Chrysi Kapsali
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Lea Bouilleau
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Aaron Gut
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Auguste Uzuotaite
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Ayshan Aliyeva
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Judith B. Zaugg
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Lancrin
- grid.418924.20000 0004 0627 3632European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
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7
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Chandrakanthan V, Rorimpandey P, Zanini F, Chacon D, Olivier J, Joshi S, Kang YC, Knezevic K, Huang Y, Qiao Q, Oliver RA, Unnikrishnan A, Carter DR, Lee B, Brownlee C, Power C, Brink R, Mendez-Ferrer S, Enikolopov G, Walsh W, Göttgens B, Taoudi S, Beck D, Pimanda JE. Mesoderm-derived PDGFRA + cells regulate the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells in the dorsal aorta. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1211-1225. [PMID: 35902769 PMCID: PMC9359911 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first emerge at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), on the ventral surface of the dorsal aorta, by endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells, which provide an essential niche for long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) in the bone marrow, reside in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros and contribute to the development of the dorsal aorta and endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. Here we show that mesoderm-derived PDGFRA+ stromal cells (Mesp1der PSCs) contribute to the haemogenic endothelium of the dorsal aorta and populate the E10.5-E11.5 aorta-gonad-mesonephros but by E13.5 were replaced by neural-crest-derived PSCs (Wnt1der PSCs). Co-aggregating non-haemogenic endothelial cells with Mesp1der PSCs but not Wnt1der PSCs resulted in activation of a haematopoietic transcriptional programme in endothelial cells and generation of LT-HSCs. Dose-dependent inhibition of PDGFRA or BMP, WNT and NOTCH signalling interrupted this reprogramming event. Together, aorta-gonad-mesonephros Mesp1der PSCs could potentially be harnessed to manufacture LT-HSCs from endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashe Chandrakanthan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Prunella Rorimpandey
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Futures Institute for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake Olivier
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Young Chan Kang
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rema A Oliver
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Lee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Brownlee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Mendez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William Walsh
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samir Taoudi
- Epigenetics and development division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Haematology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Kitajima K, Shingai M, Ando H, Hamasaki M, Hara T. An interferon-γ/FLT3 axis positively regulates hemopoietic progenitor cell expansion from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:906-918. [PMID: 35901509 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Since it became possible to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hematopoietic cells in vitro, great efforts have been made to obtain highly potent hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from hPSCs. Immunophenotypical HSPCs can be obtained from hPSCs, but their repopulating potential in vivo is low. Here, we developed a novel hematopoietic differentiation method for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to determine why the existing hPSC differentiation systems are inadequate. hiPSC-derived CD45 +CD34 + cells in our system were mostly CD38 - immunophenotypical HSPCs. The vast majority of human CD45 +CD34 + cells in umbilical cord blood, fetal liver, and bone marrow are CD38 + hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs); therefore, the poor production of CD38 + HPCs was indicative of a systematic problem. hiPSC-derived CD45 +CD34 + cells did not express FLT3, a receptor tyrosine kinase. Exogenous FLT3 activity significantly enhanced production of CD38 + HPCs from hiPSCs. Thus, poor production of CD38 + HPCs was due to a lack of FLT3 expression. Interferon-γ upregulated expression of FLT3 and increased the number of CD38 + HPCs among hiPSC-derived CD45 +CD34 + cells. These results suggest that poor production of CD38 + HPCs with hPSC differentiation systems is due to a lack of FLT3 expression, and that addition of interferon-γ can solve this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kitajima
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Shingai
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ando
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Hamasaki
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hara
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the requirement of JUNB for hematopoietic fate induction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3131. [PMID: 35668082 PMCID: PMC9170695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards hematopoietic progenitor cell can serve as an in vitro model for human embryonic hematopoiesis, but the dynamic change of epigenome and transcriptome remains elusive. Here, we systematically profile the chromatin accessibility, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications, and the transcriptome of intermediate progenitors during hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation in vitro. The integrative analyses reveal sequential opening-up of regions for the binding of hematopoietic transcription factors and stepwise epigenetic reprogramming of bivalent genes. Single-cell analysis of cells undergoing the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and comparison with in vivo hemogenic endothelial cells reveal important features of in vitro and in vivo hematopoiesis. We find that JUNB is an essential regulator for hemogenic endothelium specialization and endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. These studies depict an epigenomic roadmap from human pluripotent stem cells to hematopoietic progenitor cells, which may pave the way to generate hematopoietic progenitor cells with improved developmental potentials.
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10
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Yang XH, Goldstein A, Sun Y, Wang Z, Wei M, Moskowitz IP, Cunningham JM. Detecting critical transition signals from single-cell transcriptomes to infer lineage-determining transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:e91. [PMID: 35640613 PMCID: PMC9458468 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing single-cell transcriptomes promises to decipher the plasticity, heterogeneity, and rapid switches in developmental cellular state transitions. Such analyses require the identification of gene markers for semi-stable transition states. However, there are nontrivial challenges such as unexplainable stochasticity, variable population sizes, and alternative trajectory constructions. By advancing current tipping-point theory-based models with feature selection, network decomposition, accurate estimation of correlations, and optimization, we developed BioTIP to overcome these challenges. BioTIP identifies a small group of genes, called critical transition signal (CTS), to characterize regulated stochasticity during semi-stable transitions. Although methods rooted in different theories converged at the same transition events in two benchmark datasets, BioTIP is unique in inferring lineage-determining transcription factors governing critical transition. Applying BioTIP to mouse gastrulation data, we identify multiple CTSs from one dataset and validated their significance in another independent dataset. We detect the established regulator Etv2 whose expression change drives the haemato-endothelial bifurcation, and its targets together in CTS across three datasets. After comparing to three current methods using six datasets, we show that BioTIP is accurate, user-friendly, independent of pseudo-temporal trajectory, and captures significantly interconnected and reproducible CTSs. We expect BioTIP to provide great insight into dynamic regulations of lineage-determining factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan H Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Goldstein
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhezhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan Wei
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John M Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Shim SH, Tufa D, Woods R, George TD, Shank T, Yingst A, Lake J, Cobb L, Jones D, Jones K, Verneris MR. SAHA Enhances Differentiation of CD34+CD45+ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells Concomitant with an Increase in Hemogenic Endothelium. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:513-526. [PMID: 35349707 PMCID: PMC9154343 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is an important process during hematopoietic cell differentiation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have previously been shown to enhance expansion of umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the effect of HDAC inhibitors on pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in this context is less understood. For years, investigators have considered PSC-derived natural killer (NK) and T-cell therapies. These "off-the-shelf" cellular therapies are now entering the clinic. However, the in vitro commitment of PSCs to the hematopoietic lineage is inefficient and represents a major bottleneck. We investigated whether HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) influence human PSC differentiation into CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), focusing on hemogenic endothelium (HE). Pluripotent stem cells cultured in the presence of HDACi showed a 2-5 times increase in HSPCs. Concurrent with this, HDACi-treated PSCs increased expression of 7 transcription factors (HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXA10, RUNX1, ERG, SPI1, and LCOR) recently shown to convert HE to HSPCs. ChIP-qPCR showed that SAHA upregulated acetylated-H3 at the promoter region of the above key genes. SAHA-treated human PSC-derived CD34+CD45+ cells showed primary engraftment in immunodeficient mice, but not serial transplantation. We further demonstrate that SAHA-derived HSPCs could differentiate into functional NK cells in vitro. The addition of SAHA is an easy and effective approach to overcoming the bottleneck in the transition from PSC to HSPCs for "off-the-shelf" cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hui Shim
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dejene Tufa
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Renee Woods
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Trahan D George
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tyler Shank
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ashley Yingst
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Lake
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Cobb
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dallas Jones
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Department of Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders, Aurora, CO, USA
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12
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Oburoglu L, Mansell E, Canals I, Sigurdsson V, Guibentif C, Soneji S, Woods NB. Pyruvate metabolism guides definitive lineage specification during hematopoietic emergence. EMBO Rep 2021; 23:e54384. [PMID: 34914165 PMCID: PMC8811648 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, hematopoiesis occurs through primitive and definitive waves, giving rise to distinct blood lineages. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells, through endothelial‐to‐hematopoietic transition (EHT). In the adult, HSC quiescence, maintenance, and differentiation are closely linked to changes in metabolism. However, metabolic processes underlying the emergence of HSCs from HE cells remain unclear. Here, we show that the emergence of blood is regulated by multiple metabolic pathways that induce or modulate the differentiation toward specific hematopoietic lineages during human EHT. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, steering pyruvate use toward glycolysis or OXPHOS differentially skews the hematopoietic output of HE cells toward either an erythroid fate with primitive phenotype, or a definitive lymphoid fate, respectively. We demonstrate that glycolysis‐mediated differentiation of HE toward primitive erythroid hematopoiesis is dependent on the epigenetic regulator LSD1. In contrast, OXPHOS‐mediated differentiation of HE toward definitive hematopoiesis is dependent on cholesterol metabolism. Our findings reveal that during EHT, metabolism is a major regulator of primitive versus definitive hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leal Oburoglu
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Els Mansell
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isaac Canals
- Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valgardur Sigurdsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carolina Guibentif
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niels-Bjarne Woods
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Richards RM, Zhao F, Freitas KA, Parker KR, Xu P, Fan A, Sotillo E, Daugaard M, Oo HZ, Liu J, Hong WJ, Sorensen PH, Chang HY, Satpathy AT, Majzner RG, Majeti R, Mackall CL. NOT-Gated CD93 CAR T Cells Effectively Target AML with Minimized Endothelial Cross-Reactivity. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:648-665. [PMID: 34778803 PMCID: PMC8580619 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD93 CAR T cells eliminate AML in preclinical models without targeting hematopoietic progenitor cells, and a NOT-gated CAR engineering strategy mitigates on-target, off-tumor toxicity to endothelial cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells hold promise for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but optimal targets remain to be defined. We demonstrate that CD93 CAR T cells engineered from a novel humanized CD93-specific binder potently kill AML in vitro and in vivo but spare hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). No toxicity is seen in murine models, but CD93 is expressed on human endothelial cells, and CD93 CAR T cells recognize and kill endothelial cell lines. We identify other AML CAR T-cell targets with overlapping expression on endothelial cells, especially in the context of proinflammatory cytokines. To address the challenge of endothelial-specific cross-reactivity, we provide proof of concept for NOT-gated CD93 CAR T cells that circumvent endothelial cell toxicity in a relevant model system. We also identify candidates for combinatorial targeting by profiling the transcriptome of AML and endothelial cells at baseline and after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Richards
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Kevin R Parker
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amy Fan
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Wan-Jen Hong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Division of Blood and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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14
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Drakhlis L, Devadas SB, Zweigerdt R. Generation of heart-forming organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5652-5672. [PMID: 34759383 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart-forming organoids (HFOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a complex, highly structured in vitro model of early heart, foregut and vasculature development. The model represents a potent tool for various applications, including teratogenicity studies, gene function analysis and drug discovery. Here, we provide a detailed protocol describing how to form HFOs within 14 d. In an initial 4 d preculture period, hPSC aggregates are individually formed in a 96-well format and then Matrigel-embedded. Subsequently, the chemical WNT pathway modulators CHIR99021 and IWP2 are applied, inducing directed differentiation. This highly robust protocol can be used on many different hPSC lines and be combined with manipulation technologies such as gene targeting and drug testing. HFO formation can be assessed by numerous complementary methods, ranging from various imaging approaches to gene expression studies. Here, we highlight the flow cytometry-based analysis of individual HFOs, enabling the quantitative monitoring of lineage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Drakhlis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Santoshi Biswanath Devadas
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Thoms JAI, Truong P, Subramanian S, Knezevic K, Harvey G, Huang Y, Seneviratne JA, Carter DR, Joshi S, Skhinas J, Chacon D, Shah A, de Jong I, Beck D, Göttgens B, Larsson J, Wong JWH, Zanini F, Pimanda JE. Disruption of a GATA2-TAL1-ERG regulatory circuit promotes erythroid transition in healthy and leukemic stem cells. Blood 2021; 138:1441-1455. [PMID: 34075404 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene regulation and expression govern orderly transitions from hematopoietic stem cells to terminally differentiated blood cell types. These transitions are disrupted during leukemic transformation, but knowledge of the gene regulatory changes underpinning this process is elusive. We hypothesized that identifying core gene regulatory networks in healthy hematopoietic and leukemic cells could provide insights into network alterations that perturb cell state transitions. A heptad of transcription factors (LYL1, TAL1, LMO2, FLI1, ERG, GATA2, and RUNX1) bind key hematopoietic genes in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and have prognostic significance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These factors also form a densely interconnected circuit by binding combinatorially at their own, and each other's, regulatory elements. However, their mutual regulation during normal hematopoiesis and in AML cells, and how perturbation of their expression levels influences cell fate decisions remains unclear. In this study, we integrated bulk and single-cell data and found that the fully connected heptad circuit identified in healthy HSPCs persists, with only minor alterations in AML, and that chromatin accessibility at key heptad regulatory elements was predictive of cell identity in both healthy progenitors and leukemic cells. The heptad factors GATA2, TAL1, and ERG formed an integrated subcircuit that regulates stem cell-to-erythroid transition in both healthy and leukemic cells. Components of this triad could be manipulated to facilitate erythroid transition providing a proof of concept that such regulatory circuits can be harnessed to promote specific cell-type transitions and overcome dysregulated hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Truong
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shruthi Subramanian
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory Harvey
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janith A Seneviratne
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanna Skhinas
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anushi Shah
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ineke de Jong
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dominik Beck
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason W H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Medical Sciences
- Adult Cancer Program, and
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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16
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Shen J, Xu Y, Zhang S, Lyu S, Huo Y, Zhu Y, Tang K, Mou J, Li X, Hoyle DL, Wang M, Wang J, Li X, Wang ZZ, Cheng T. Single-cell transcriptome of early hematopoiesis guides arterial endothelial-enhanced functional T cell generation from human PSCs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9787. [PMID: 34516916 PMCID: PMC8442917 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires orchestration of dynamic cell and gene regulatory networks but often generates blood cells that lack natural function. Here, we performed extensive single-cell transcriptomic analyses to map fate choices and gene expression patterns during hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs and showed that oxidative metabolism was dysregulated during in vitro directed differentiation. Applying hypoxic conditions at the stage of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in vitro effectively promoted the development of arterial specification programs that governed the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) with functional T cell potential. Following engineered expression of the anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor, the T cells generated from arterial endothelium-primed HPCs inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study provides benchmark datasets as a resource to further understand the origins of human hematopoiesis and represents an advance in guiding in vitro generation of functional T cells for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Disease Cell Therapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shuzhen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yingying Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Disease Cell Therapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Junli Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Disease Cell Therapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xinjie Li
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dixie L. Hoyle
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Disease Cell Therapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zack Z. Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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17
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Glutamine metabolism regulates endothelial to hematopoietic transition and hematopoietic lineage specification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17589. [PMID: 34475502 PMCID: PMC8413451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During hematopoietic development, definitive hematopoietic cells are derived from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells through a process known as endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, transitioning cells proliferate and undergo progressive changes in gene expression culminating in the new cell identity with corresponding changes in function, phenotype and morphology. However, the metabolic pathways fueling this transition remain unclear. We show here that glutamine is a crucial regulator of EHT and a rate limiting metabolite in the hematopoietic differentiation of HE cells. Intriguingly, different hematopoietic lineages require distinct derivatives of glutamine. While both derivatives, α-ketoglutarate and nucleotides, are required for early erythroid differentiation of HE during glutamine deprivation, lymphoid differentiation relies on α-ketoglutarate alone. Furthermore, treatment of HE cells with α-ketoglutarate in glutamine-free conditions pushes their differentiation towards lymphoid lineages both in vitro and in vivo, following transplantation into NSG mice. Thus, we report an essential role for glutamine metabolism during EHT, regulating both the emergence and the specification of hematopoietic cells through its various derivatives.
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18
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Fidanza A, Forrester LM. Progress in the production of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 13:100050. [PMID: 34405125 PMCID: PMC8350141 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapies are currently used to treat many haematological diseases. These treatments range from the long-term reconstitution of the entire haematopoietic system using the most potent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the short-term rescue with mature functional end cells such as oxygen-carrying red blood cells and cells of the immune system that can fight infection and repair tissue. Limitations in supply and the risk of transmitting infection has prompted the design of protocols to produce some of these cell types from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Although it has proven challenging to generate the most potent HSCs directly from hPSCs, significant progress has been made in the development of differentiation protocols that can successfully produce haematopoietic progenitor cells and most of the mature cell lineages. We review the key steps used in the production of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from hPSCs and the cell surface markers and reporter strategies that have been used to define specific transitions. Most studies have relied on the use of known markers that define HSPC production in vivo but more recently single cell RNA sequencing has allowed a less biased approach to their characterisation. Transcriptional profiling has identified new markers for naïve and committed hPSC-derived HSPC populations and trajectory analyses has provided novel insights into their lineage potential. Direct comparison of in vitro- and in vivo-derived RNA single cell sequencing datasets has highlights similarities and differences between the two systems and this deeper understanding will be key to the design and the tracking of improved and more efficient differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
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19
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Karlsson G, Sommarin MNE, Böiers C. Defining the Emerging Blood System During Development at Single-Cell Resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660350. [PMID: 34055791 PMCID: PMC8158578 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental hematopoiesis differs from adult and is far less described. In the developing embryo, waves of lineage-restricted blood precede the ultimate emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) capable of maintaining hematopoiesis throughout life. During the last two decades, the advent of single-cell genomics has provided tools to circumvent previously impeding characteristics of embryonic hematopoiesis, such as cell heterogeneity and rare cell states, allowing for definition of lineage trajectories, cellular hierarchies, and cell-type specification. The field has rapidly advanced from microfluidic platforms and targeted gene expression analysis, to high throughput unbiased single-cell transcriptomic profiling, single-cell chromatin analysis, and cell tracing-offering a plethora of tools to resolve important questions within hematopoietic development. Here, we describe how these technologies have been implemented to address a wide range of aspects of embryonic hematopoiesis ranging from the gene regulatory network of dHSC formation via endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT) and how EHT can be recapitulated in vitro, to hematopoietic trajectories and cell fate decisions. Together, these studies have important relevance for regenerative medicine and for our understanding of genetic blood disorders and childhood leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotta Böiers
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Horton PD, Dumbali SP, Bhanu KR, Diaz MF, Wenzel PL. Biomechanical Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Developing Embryo. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2021; 2:1-15. [PMID: 33937868 PMCID: PMC8087251 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The contribution of biomechanical forces to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development in the embryo is a relatively nascent area of research. Herein, we address the biomechanics of the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), impact of force on organelles, and signaling triggered by extrinsic forces within the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM), the primary site of HSC emergence. RECENT FINDINGS Hemogenic endothelial cells undergo carefully orchestrated morphological adaptations during EHT. Moreover, expansion of the stem cell pool during embryogenesis requires HSC extravasation into the circulatory system and transit to the fetal liver, which is regulated by forces generated by blood flow. Findings from other cell types also suggest that forces external to the cell are sensed by the nucleus and mitochondria. Interactions between these organelles and the actin cytoskeleton dictate processes such as cell polarization, extrusion, division, survival, and differentiation. SUMMARY Despite challenges of measuring and modeling biophysical cues in the embryonic HSC niche, the past decade has revealed critical roles for mechanotransduction in governing HSC fate decisions. Lessons learned from the study of the embryonic hematopoietic niche promise to provide critical insights that could be leveraged for improvement in HSC generation and expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina D. Horton
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sandeep P. Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krithikaa Rajkumar Bhanu
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miguel F. Diaz
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L. Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.130, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Lange L, Morgan M, Schambach A. The hemogenic endothelium: a critical source for the generation of PSC-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4143-4160. [PMID: 33559689 PMCID: PMC8164610 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In vitro generation of hematopoietic cells and especially hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are subject to intensive research in recent decades, as these cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine and autologous cell replacement therapies. Despite many attempts, in vitro, de novo generation of bona fide HSCs remains challenging, and we are still far away from their clinical use, due to insufficient functionality and quantity of the produced HSCs. The challenges of generating PSC-derived HSCs are already apparent in early stages of hemato-endothelial specification with the limitation of recapitulating complex, dynamic processes of embryonic hematopoietic ontogeny in vitro. Further, these current shortcomings imply the incompleteness of our understanding of human ontogenetic processes from embryonic mesoderm over an intermediate, specialized hemogenic endothelium (HE) to their immediate progeny, the HSCs. In this review, we examine the recent investigations of hemato-endothelial ontogeny and recently reported progress for the conversion of PSCs and other promising somatic cell types towards HSCs with the focus on the crucial and inevitable role of the HE to achieve the long-standing goal—to generate therapeutically applicable PSC-derived HSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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22
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Fidanza A, Stumpf PS, Ramachandran P, Tamagno S, Babtie A, Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Taylor AH, Easterbrook J, Henderson BEP, Axton R, Henderson NC, Medvinsky A, Ottersbach K, Romanò N, Forrester LM. Single-cell analyses and machine learning define hematopoietic progenitor and HSC-like cells derived from human PSCs. Blood 2020; 136:2893-2904. [PMID: 32614947 PMCID: PMC7862875 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) develop in distinct waves at various anatomical sites during embryonic development. The in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates some of these processes; however, it has proven difficult to generate functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To define the dynamics and heterogeneity of HSPCs that can be generated in vitro from hPSCs, we explored single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in combination with single-cell protein expression analysis. Bioinformatics analyses and functional validation defined the transcriptomes of naïve progenitors and erythroid-, megakaryocyte-, and leukocyte-committed progenitors, and we identified CD44, CD326, ICAM2/CD9, and CD18, respectively, as markers of these progenitors. Using an artificial neural network that we trained on scRNAseq derived from human fetal liver, we identified a wide range of hPSC-derived HSPCs phenotypes, including a small group classified as HSCs. This transient HSC-like population decreased as differentiation proceeded, and was completely missing in the data set that had been generated using cells selected on the basis of CD43 expression. By comparing the single-cell transcriptome of in vitro-generated HSC-like cells with those generated within the fetal liver, we identified transcription factors and molecular pathways that can be explored in the future to improve the in vitro production of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick S Stumpf
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, Uniklinik Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Prakash Ramachandran
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Tamagno
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Babtie
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Helen Taylor
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Easterbrook
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Beth E P Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Axton
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Romanò
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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23
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Andueza A, Kumar S, Kim J, Kang DW, Mumme HL, Perez JI, Villa-Roel N, Jo H. Endothelial Reprogramming by Disturbed Flow Revealed by Single-Cell RNA and Chromatin Accessibility Study. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108491. [PMID: 33326796 PMCID: PMC7801938 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed flow (d-flow) induces atherosclerosis by regulating gene expression in endothelial cells (ECs). For further mechanistic understanding, we carried out a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and scATAC-seq study using endothelial-enriched single cells from the left- and right carotid artery exposed to d-flow (LCA) and stable-flow (s-flow in RCA) using the mouse partial carotid ligation (PCL) model. We find eight EC clusters along with immune cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Analyses of marker genes, pathways, and pseudotime reveal that ECs are highly heterogeneous and plastic. D-flow induces a dramatic transition of ECs from atheroprotective phenotypes to pro-inflammatory cells, mesenchymal (EndMT) cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial stem/progenitor cells, and an unexpected immune cell-like (EndICLT) phenotypes. While confirming KLF4/KLF2 as an s-flow-sensitive transcription factor binding site, we also find those sensitive to d-flow (RELA, AP1, STAT1, and TEAD1). D-flow reprograms ECs from atheroprotective to proatherogenic phenotypes, including EndMT and potentially EndICLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Andueza
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hope L Mumme
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julian I Perez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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24
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Demirci S, Haro-Mora JJ, Leonard A, Drysdale C, Malide D, Keyvanfar K, Essawi K, Vizcardo R, Tamaoki N, Restifo NP, Tisdale JF, Uchida N. Definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells through serum/feeder-free organoid-induced differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:493. [PMID: 33234163 PMCID: PMC7688003 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ex vivo production of hematopoietic stem/precursor cells (HSPCs) represents a promising versatile approach for blood disorders. Methods To derive definitive HSPCs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we differentiated mesodermally specified embryoid bodies (EBs) on gelatin-coated plates in serum/feeder-free conditions. Results Seven-day EB maturation followed by an 8-day differentiation period on OP9 cells provided the highest number of definitive (CD34+ CD235a−, 69%, p < 0.01) and lowest number of primitive (CD34− CD235a+, 1.55%, p < 0.01) precursor cells along with the highest colony-forming units (149.8 ± 11.6, p < 0.01) in feeder-free conditions. Maximal HSPC fraction (CD34+ CD38− CD45RA− CD49f+ CD90+) was 7.6–8.9% after 10 days of hematopoietic differentiation with 14.5% adult β-globin expression following RBC differentiation. Myeloid and erythroid colonies were restricted strictly to the CD34+ CD43+ fraction (370.5 ± 65.7, p < 0.001), while the CD34− CD43+ fraction produced only a small number of colonies (21.6 ± 11.9). In addition, we differentiated the CD34+ CD43+ cells towards T-lymphocytes using the OP9/DLL1 co-culture system demonstrating double-positive T cells (CD4+ CD8+) with CD3+ expression displaying a broad T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Confocal imaging of organoid-like structures revealed a close association of CD31+ cells with CD34+ and CD43+ cells, suggesting a potential emergence of HSPCs through endothelial to hematopoietic transition. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled organoids exhibited the emergence of spherical non-attached cells from rare progenitors at the border of the organoid center. Conclusions In summary, definitive HSPCs can be derived from ESCs through a dynamic cellular process from an organoid-like structure, where erythroid progeny are capable of producing adult hemoglobin and lymphoid progeny shows a diverse TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Juan J Haro-Mora
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Claire Drysdale
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniela Malide
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Khaled Essawi
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raul Vizcardo
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naritaka Tamaoki
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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25
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Unsupervised generative and graph representation learning for modelling cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9790. [PMID: 32555334 PMCID: PMC7300092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using machine learning techniques to build representations from biomedical data can help us understand the latent biological mechanism of action and lead to important discoveries. Recent developments in single-cell RNA-sequencing protocols have allowed measuring gene expression for individual cells in a population, thus opening up the possibility of finding answers to biomedical questions about cell differentiation. In this paper, we explore unsupervised generative neural methods, based on the variational autoencoder, that can model cell differentiation by building meaningful representations from the high dimensional and complex gene expression data. We use disentanglement methods based on information theory to improve the data representation and achieve better separation of the biological factors of variation in the gene expression data. In addition, we use a graph autoencoder consisting of graph convolutional layers to predict relationships between single-cells. Based on these models, we develop a computational framework that consists of methods for identifying the cell types in the dataset, finding driver genes for the differentiation process and obtaining a better understanding of relationships between cells. We illustrate our methods on datasets from multiple species and also from different sequencing technologies.
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26
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McCracken IR, Taylor RS, Kok FO, de la Cuesta F, Dobie R, Henderson BEP, Mountford JC, Caudrillier A, Henderson NC, Ponting CP, Baker AH. Transcriptional dynamics of pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell differentiation revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:1024-1036. [PMID: 31242503 PMCID: PMC9597329 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell products possess therapeutic potential in ischaemic vascular disease. However, the factors that drive endothelial differentiation from pluripotency and cellular specification are largely unknown. The aims of this study were to use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map the transcriptional landscape and cellular dynamics of directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hESC-EC) and to compare these cells to mature endothelial cells from diverse vascular beds. METHODS AND RESULTS A highly efficient directed 8-day differentiation protocol was used to generate a hESC-derived endothelial cell product (hESC-ECP), in which 66% of cells co-expressed CD31 and CD144. We observed largely homogeneous hESC and mesodermal populations at Days 0 and 4, respectively, followed by a rapid emergence of distinct endothelial and mesenchymal populations. Pseudotime trajectory identified transcriptional signatures of endothelial commitment and maturation during the differentiation process. Concordance in transcriptional signatures was verified by scRNA-seq analysis using both a second hESC line RC11, and an alternative hESC-EC differentiation protocol. In total, 105 727 cells were subjected to scRNA-seq analysis. Global transcriptional comparison revealed a transcriptional architecture of hESC-EC that differs from freshly isolated and cultured human endothelial cells and from organ-specific endothelial cells. CONCLUSION A transcriptional bifurcation into endothelial and mesenchymal lineages was identified, as well as novel transcriptional signatures underpinning commitment and maturation. The transcriptional architecture of hESC-ECP was distinct from mature and foetal human EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McCracken
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard S Taylor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Fatma O Kok
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Fernando de la Cuesta
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Beth E P Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Axelle Caudrillier
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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27
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Modeling Leukemia with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a034868. [PMID: 31451537 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) a little over a decade ago raised exciting prospects to transform the study and potentially also the therapy of human diseases. iPSC models have now been created for a multitude of hematologic diseases, including malignancies. Here we discuss practical aspects of iPSC modeling of malignant diseases, review recent studies, and discuss the new opportunities that iPSC models offer, as well as their current limitations and prospects for future development.
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28
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Ruiz JP, Chen G, Haro Mora JJ, Keyvanfar K, Liu C, Zou J, Beers J, Bloomer H, Qanash H, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Boehm M, Larochelle A. Robust generation of erythroid and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors from human iPSCs using a scalable monolayer culture system. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101600. [PMID: 31710911 PMCID: PMC6953424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising objectives of clinical hematology is to derive engraftable autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Progress in translating iPSC technologies to the clinic relies on the availability of scalable differentiation methodologies. In this study, human iPSCs were differentiated for 21 days using STEMdiff™, a monolayer-based approach for hematopoietic differentiation of human iPSCs that requires no replating, co-culture or embryoid body formation. Both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells were functionally characterized throughout differentiation. In the hematopoietic fraction, an early transient population of primitive CD235a+ erythroid progenitor cells first emerged, followed by hematopoietic progenitors with multilineage differentiation activity in vitro but no long-term engraftment potential in vivo. In later stages of differentiation, a nearly exclusive production of definitive erythroid progenitors was observed. In the non-hematopoietic fraction, we identified a prevalent population of mesenchymal stromal cells and limited arterial vascular endothelium (VE), suggesting that the cellular constitution of the monolayer may be inadequate to support the generation of HSCs with durable repopulating potential. Quantitative modulation of WNT/β-catenin and activin/nodal/TGFβ signaling pathways with CHIR/SB molecules during differentiation enhanced formation of arterial VE, definitive multilineage and erythroid progenitors, but was insufficient to orchestrate the generation of engrafting HSCs. Overall, STEMdiff™ provides a clinically-relevant and readily adaptable platform for the generation of erythroid and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Ruiz
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Guibin Chen
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Juan Jesus Haro Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Clinical Flow Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jeanette Beers
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Hanan Bloomer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Husam Qanash
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, United States
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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29
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Daniel MG, Sachs D, Bernitz JM, Fstkchyan Y, Rapp K, Satija N, Law K, Patel F, Gomes AM, Kim HS, Pereira CF, Chen B, Lemischka IR, Moore KA. Induction of human hemogenesis in adult fibroblasts by defined factors and hematopoietic coculture. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3266-3287. [PMID: 31557312 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF)-based reprogramming of somatic tissues holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that the TFs GATA2, GFI1B, and FOS convert mouse and human fibroblasts to hemogenic endothelial-like precursors that generate hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPC)-like cells over time. This conversion is lacking in robustness both in yield and biological function. Herein, we show that inclusion of GFI1 to the reprogramming cocktail significantly expands the HSPC-like population. AFT024 coculture imparts functional potential to these cells and allows quantification of stem cell frequency. Altogether, we demonstrate an improved human hemogenic induction protocol that could provide a valuable human in vitro model of hematopoiesis for disease modeling and a platform for cell-based therapeutics. DATABASE: Gene expression data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE130361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bernitz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yesai Fstkchyan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina Rapp
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Satija
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Law
- Rocket Pharmaceuticals Ltd, New York, NY, USA
| | - Foram Patel
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreia M Gomes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Huen-Suk Kim
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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30
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"Hierarchy" and "Holacracy"; A Paradigm of the Hematopoietic System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101138. [PMID: 31554248 PMCID: PMC6830102 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hematopoietic system has long been viewed as a hierarchical paradigm in which a small number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are located at the apex. HSCs were traditionally thought to be homogeneous and quiescent in a homeostatic state. However, recent observations, through extramedullary hematopoiesis and clonal assays, have cast doubt on the validity of the conventional interpretation. A key issue is understanding the characteristics of HSCs from different viewpoints, including dynamic physics and social network theory. The aim of this literature review is to propose a new paradigm of our hematopoietic system, in which individual HSCs are actively involved.
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31
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Thoms JAI, Beck D, Pimanda JE. Transcriptional networks in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:859-874. [PMID: 31369171 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease characterized by a diverse range of recurrent molecular aberrations that occur in many different combinations. Components of transcriptional networks are a common target of these aberrations, leading to network-wide changes and deployment of novel or developmentally inappropriate transcriptional programs. Genome-wide techniques are beginning to reveal the full complexity of normal hematopoietic stem cell transcriptional networks and the extent to which they are deregulated in AML, and new understandings of the mechanisms by which AML cells maintain self-renewal and block differentiation are starting to emerge. The hope is that increased understanding of the network architecture in AML will lead to identification of key oncogenic dependencies that are downstream of multiple network aberrations, and that this knowledge will be translated into new therapies that target these dependencies. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of network perturbation in AML with a focus on major mechanisms of transcription factor dysregulation, including mutation, translocation, and transcriptional dysregulation, and discuss how these perturbations propagate across transcriptional networks. We will also review emerging mechanisms of network disruption, and briefly discuss how increased knowledge of network disruption is already being used to develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A I Thoms
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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32
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Abstract
Single cell biology is currently revolutionizing developmental and evolutionary biology, revealing new cell types and states in an impressive range of biological systems. With the accumulation of data, however, the field is grappling with a central unanswered question: what exactly is a cell type? This question is further complicated by the inherently dynamic nature of developmental processes. In this Hypothesis article, we propose that a 'periodic table of cell types' can be used as a framework for distinguishing cell types from cell states, in which the periods and groups correspond to developmental trajectories and stages along differentiation, respectively. The different states of the same cell type are further analogous to 'isotopes'. We also highlight how the concept of a periodic table of cell types could be useful for predicting new cell types and states, and for recognizing relationships between cell types throughout development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xia
- Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Itai Yanai
- Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
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33
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Ziyad S, Riordan JD, Cavanaugh AM, Su T, Hernandez GE, Hilfenhaus G, Morselli M, Huynh K, Wang K, Chen JN, Dupuy AJ, Iruela-Arispe ML. A Forward Genetic Screen Targeting the Endothelium Reveals a Regulatory Role for the Lipid Kinase Pi4ka in Myelo- and Erythropoiesis. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1211-1224. [PMID: 29386109 PMCID: PMC5828030 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its role as the source of definitive hematopoietic cells, we sought to determine whether mutations initiated in the hemogenic endothelium would yield hematopoietic abnormalities or malignancies. Here, we find that endothelium-specific transposon mutagenesis in mice promotes hematopoietic pathologies that are both myeloid and lymphoid in nature. Frequently mutated genes included previously recognized cancer drivers and additional candidates, such as Pi4ka, a lipid kinase whose mutation was found to promote myeloid and erythroid dysfunction. Subsequent validation experiments showed that targeted inactivation of the Pi4ka catalytic domain or reduction in mRNA expression inhibited myeloid and erythroid cell differentiation in vitro and promoted anemia in vivo through a mechanism involving deregulation of AKT, MAPK, SRC, and JAK-STAT signaling. Finally, we provide evidence linking PI4KAP2, previously considered a pseudogene, to human myeloid and erythroid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiyyah Ziyad
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jesse D Riordan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ann M Cavanaugh
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Trent Su
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gloria E Hernandez
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Georg Hilfenhaus
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marco Morselli
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristine Huynh
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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34
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Achanta S, Verma A, Srivastava A, Nilakantan H, Hoek JB, Vadigepalli R. Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Chronic Alcohol-Mediated Shift in Hepatocyte Molecular States After Partial Hepatectomy. Gene Expr 2019; 19:97-119. [PMID: 30189915 PMCID: PMC6466177 DOI: 10.3727/105221618x15361728786767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of molecular states of individual cells, as defined by their mRNA expression profiles and protein composition, has gained widespread interest in studying biological phenomena ranging from embryonic development to homeostatic tissue function and genesis and evolution of cancers. Although the molecular content of individual cells in a tissue can vary widely, their molecular states tend to be constrained within a transcriptional landscape partly described by the canonical archetypes of a population of cells. In this study, we sought to characterize the effects of an acute (partial hepatectomy) and chronic (alcohol consumption) perturbation on the molecular states of individual hepatocytes during the onset and progression of liver regeneration. We analyzed the expression of 84 genes across 233 individual hepatocytes acquired using laser capture microdissection. Analysis of the single-cell data revealed that hepatocyte molecular states can be considered as distributed across a set of four states irrespective of perturbation, with the proportions of hepatocytes in these states being dependent on the perturbation. In addition to the quiescent, primed, and replicating hepatocytes, we identified a fourth molecular state lying between the primed and replicating subpopulations. Comparison of the proportions of hepatocytes from each experimental condition in these four molecular states suggested that, in addition to aberrant priming, a slower transition from primed to replication state could contribute toward ethanol-mediated suppression of liver regenerative response to partial hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Achanta
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aalap Verma
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harshavardhan Nilakantan
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- *Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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35
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Kang H, Mesquitta WT, Jung HS, Moskvin OV, Thomson JA, Slukvin II. GATA2 Is Dispensable for Specification of Hemogenic Endothelium but Promotes Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:197-211. [PMID: 29861167 PMCID: PMC6066910 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional factor GATA2 is required for blood and hematopoietic stem cell formation during the hemogenic endothelium (HE) stage of development in the embryo. However, it is unclear if GATA2 controls HE lineage specification or if it solely regulates endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). To address this problem, we innovated a unique system, which involved generating GATA2 knockout human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines with conditional GATA2 expression (iG2-/- hESCs). We demonstrated that GATA2 activity is not required for VE-cadherin+CD43-CD73+ non-HE or VE-cadherin+CD43-CD73- HE generation and subsequent HE diversification into DLL4+ arterial and DLL4- non-arterial lineages. However, GATA2 is primarily needed for HE to undergo EHT. Forced expression of GATA2 in non-HE failed to induce blood formation. The lack of GATA2 requirement for generation of HE and non-HE indicates the critical role of GATA2-independent pathways in specification of these two distinct endothelial lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunJun Kang
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Walatta-Tseyon Mesquitta
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Oleg V Moskvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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36
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Uenishi GI, Jung HS, Kumar A, Park MA, Hadland BK, McLeod E, Raymond M, Moskvin O, Zimmerman CE, Theisen DJ, Swanson S, J Tamplin O, Zon LI, Thomson JA, Bernstein ID, Slukvin II. NOTCH signaling specifies arterial-type definitive hemogenic endothelium from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1828. [PMID: 29739946 PMCID: PMC5940870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH signaling is required for the arterial specification and formation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lympho-myeloid progenitors in the embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and extraembryonic vasculature from a distinct lineage of vascular endothelial cells with hemogenic potential. However, the role of NOTCH signaling in hemogenic endothelium (HE) specification from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) has not been studied. Here, using a chemically defined hPSC differentiation system combined with the use of DLL1-Fc and DAPT to manipulate NOTCH, we discover that NOTCH activation in hPSC-derived immature HE progenitors leads to formation of CD144+CD43−CD73−DLL4+Runx1 + 23-GFP+ arterial-type HE, which requires NOTCH signaling to undergo endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and produce definitive lympho-myeloid and erythroid cells. These findings demonstrate that NOTCH-mediated arterialization of HE is an essential prerequisite for establishing definitive lympho-myeloid program and suggest that exploring molecular pathways that lead to arterial specification may aid in vitro approaches to enhance definitive hematopoiesis from hPSCs. It is unclear whether arterial specification is required for hematopoietic stem cell formation. Here, the authors use a chemically defined human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation system to show the role of NOTCH signaling in forming arterial-type hemogenic endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene I Uenishi
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Brandon K Hadland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ethan McLeod
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Matthew Raymond
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Oleg Moskvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Catherine E Zimmerman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Derek J Theisen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Owen J Tamplin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53707, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Irwin D Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA. .,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53707, USA.
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37
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Bergiers I, Andrews T, Vargel Bölükbaşı Ö, Buness A, Janosz E, Lopez-Anguita N, Ganter K, Kosim K, Celen C, Itır Perçin G, Collier P, Baying B, Benes V, Hemberg M, Lancrin C. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals a new dynamical function of transcription factors during embryonic hematopoiesis. eLife 2018; 7:29312. [PMID: 29555020 PMCID: PMC5860872 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics techniques have opened the door to the study of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) at the single-cell level. Here, we studied the GRNs controlling the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from mouse embryonic endothelium using a combination of single-cell transcriptome assays. We found that a heptad of transcription factors (Runx1, Gata2, Tal1, Fli1, Lyl1, Erg and Lmo2) is specifically co-expressed in an intermediate population expressing both endothelial and hematopoietic markers. Within the heptad, we identified two sets of factors of opposing functions: one (Erg/Fli1) promoting the endothelial cell fate, the other (Runx1/Gata2) promoting the hematopoietic fate. Surprisingly, our data suggest that even though Fli1 initially supports the endothelial cell fate, it acquires a pro-hematopoietic role when co-expressed with Runx1. This work demonstrates the power of single-cell RNA-sequencing for characterizing complex transcription factor dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bergiers
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | | | - Andreas Buness
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Ewa Janosz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Kerstin Ganter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Kinga Kosim
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Cemre Celen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Gülce Itır Perçin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Paul Collier
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianka Baying
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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38
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Kasper DM, Nicoli S. Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Factors Make a Mark on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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39
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Ivanovs A, Rybtsov S, Ng ES, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Medvinsky A. Human haematopoietic stem cell development: from the embryo to the dish. Development 2017; 144:2323-2337. [PMID: 28676567 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge during embryogenesis and give rise to the adult haematopoietic system. Understanding how early haematopoietic development occurs is of fundamental importance for basic biology and medical sciences, but our knowledge is still limited compared with what we know of adult HSCs and their microenvironment. This is particularly true for human haematopoiesis, and is reflected in our current inability to recapitulate the development of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells in vitro In this Review, we discuss what is known of human haematopoietic development: the anatomical sites at which it occurs, the different temporal waves of haematopoiesis, the emergence of the first HSCs and the signalling landscape of the haematopoietic niche. We also discuss the extent to which in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells recapitulates bona fide human developmental haematopoiesis, and outline some future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Ivanovs
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.,Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Ng
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia .,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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