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Jia F, Du L, He J, Zhang Z, Hou X, Dong Q, Bian Z, Zhao L. Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang strengthens intestinal feedback control of bile acid synthesis to ameliorate irritable bowel syndrome by enhancing bile salt hydrolase-expressing microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118256. [PMID: 38677571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A herbal formula Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) is traditionally used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), modern pharmacological evidence supports that the formula efficacy is associated with altered gut microbiota. Yet, the mechanistic role of gut microbiota in the therapy of TXYF remains unclear. We previously clarified that gut microbiota-dysregulated bile acid (BA) metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of IBS, deriving a hypothesis that microbiota-BA metabolic axis might be a potential target of TXYF. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to investigate a new gut microbiota-mediated mechanism underlying anti-IBS efficacy of TXYF. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established an IBS rat model with a combination of stressors, compared the herbal efficacy in models undergone gut bacterial manipulations, also examined BA metabolism-related microbiota, metabolites, genes and proteins by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, targeted metabolomics, qPCR and multiplex immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS We observed that TXYF attenuated visceral hyperalgesia and diarrhea in IBS rats but not in those underwent gut bacteria depletion. Transferring gut microbiota from TXYF-treated donors also decreased visceral sensitivity and slightly relief diarrhea-like behaviors in IBS recipient rats. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that TXYF modulated microbial β-diversity and taxonomic structure of IBS rats, with a significant increase in relative abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-expressing Bacteroidaceae. qPCR and culturing data validated that TXYF had a promotive effect on the growth and BSH activity of Bacteroides species. TXYF-reshaped microbiota upregulated the expression of intestinal Fgf15, a feedback signal to control BA synthesis in the liver. As a result, the BA synthetic and excretory levels in IBS rats were decreased by TXYF, so as that colonic BA membrane receptor Tgr5 sensing and its mediated Calcitonin gene-related peptide (Cgrp)-positive neuronal response were attenuated. CONCLUSION This study poses a new microbiota-driven therapeutic action for TXYF, highlighting the potential of developing new anti-IBS strategies from the herbal formula targeting BSH-expressing gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjing Jia
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqing Du
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchao He
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaozhou Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Hou
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinjun Dong
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Bao S, Wang W, Deng Z, Zhou R, Zeng S, Hou D, He J, Huang Z. Changes of bacterial communities and bile acid metabolism reveal the potential "intestine-hepatopancreas axis" in shrimp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173384. [PMID: 38815838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between the gut and the liver plays a significant role in individual health and diseases. Mounting evidence supports that bile acids are important metabolites in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver. Most of the current studies on the "gut-liver axis" have focused on higher vertebrates, however, few was reported on lower invertebrates such as shrimp with an open circulatory system. Here, microbiomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to investigate the bacterial composition and bile acid metabolism in intestine, hemolymph and hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei fed diets supplemented with octanoic acid and oleic acid. After six days of feeding, the bacterial composition in intestine, hemolymph and hepatopancreas changed at different stages, with significant increases in the relative abundance of several genera such as Pseudomonas and Rheinheimera in intestine and hepatopancreas. Notably, there was a more similar bacterial composition in intestine and hepatopancreas at the genus level, which indicated the close communication between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas. Meanwhile, higher content of some bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA) and α-muricholic acid (α-MCA) in intestine and lower content of some bile acids such as taurohyocholic acids (THCA) and isolithocholic acid (IsoLCA) in hepatopancreas were detected. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between bacterial composition and bile acid metabolism in intestine and hepatopancreas. The microbial source tracking analysis showed that there was a high proportion of intestine and hepatopancreas bacterial community as the source of each other. Collectively, these results showed a strong crosstalk between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas, which suggests a unique potential "intestine-hepatopancreas axis" in lower invertebrate shrimp with an open circulatory system. Our finding contributed to the understanding of the interplay between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas in the view of microecology and provided new ideas for shrimp farming and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhixuan Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Renjun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shenzheng Zeng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Dongwei Hou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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3
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Fiorucci S, Marchianò S, Urbani G, Di Giorgio C, Distrutti E, Zampella A, Biagioli M. Immunology of bile acids regulated receptors. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101291. [PMID: 39122016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are steroids formed at the interface of host metabolism and intestinal microbiota. While primary bile acids are generated in the liver from cholesterol metabolism, secondary bile acids represent the products of microbial enzymes. Close to 100 different enzymatic modifications of bile acids structures occur in the human intestine and clinically guided metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have led to the identification of an extraordinary number of novel metabolites. These chemical mediators make an essential contribution to the composition and function of the postbiota, participating to the bidirectional communications of the intestinal microbiota with the host and contributing to the architecture of intestinal-liver and -brain and -endocrine axes. Bile acids exert their function by binding to a group of cell membrane and nuclear receptors collectively known as bile acid-regulated receptors (BARRs), expressed in monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, CD4+ T effector cells, including Th17, T regulatory cells, dendritic cells and type 3 of intestinal lymphoid cells and NKT cells, highlighting their role in immune regulation. In this review we report on how bile acids and their metabolitesmodulate the immune system in inflammations and cancers and could be exploiting for developing novel therapeutic approaches in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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4
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Beekman CN, Penumutchu S, Peterson R, Han G, Belenky M, Hasan MH, Belenky A, Beura LK, Belenky P. Spatial analysis of murine microbiota and bile acid metabolism during amoxicillin treatment. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114572. [PMID: 39116202 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics cause collateral damage to resident microbes that is associated with various health risks. To date, studies have largely focused on the impacts of antibiotics on large intestinal and fecal microbiota. Here, we employ a gastrointestinal (GI) tract-wide integrated multiomic approach to show that amoxicillin (AMX) treatment reduces bacterial abundance, bile salt hydrolase activity, and unconjugated bile acids in the small intestine (SI). Losses of fatty acids (FAs) and increases in acylcarnitines in the large intestine (LI) correspond with spatially distinct expansions of Proteobacteria. Parasutterella excrementihominis engage in FA biosynthesis in the SI, while multiple Klebsiella species employ FA oxidation during expansion in the LI. We subsequently demonstrate that restoration of unconjugated bile acids can mitigate losses of commensals in the LI while also inhibiting the expansion of Proteobacteria during AMX treatment. These results suggest that the depletion of bile acids and lipids may contribute to AMX-induced dysbiosis in the lower GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chapman N Beekman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Swathi Penumutchu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rachel Peterson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Geongoo Han
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Marina Belenky
- Felicitex Therapeutics Inc., 27 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Mohammad H Hasan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alexei Belenky
- Felicitex Therapeutics Inc., 27 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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5
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Wang B, Han D, Hu X, Chen J, Liu Y, Wu J. Exploring the role of a novel postbiotic bile acid: Interplay with gut microbiota, modulation of the farnesoid X receptor, and prospects for clinical translation. Microbiol Res 2024; 287:127865. [PMID: 39121702 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, mainly resides in the colon, possesses a remarkable ability to metabolize different substrates to create bioactive substances, including short-chain fatty acids, indole-3-propionic acid, and secondary bile acids. In the liver, bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol and then undergo modification by the gut microbiota. Beyond those reclaimed by the enterohepatic circulation, small percentage of bile acids escaped reabsorption, entering the systemic circulation to bind to several receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), thereby exert their biological effects. Gut microbiota interplays with bile acids by affecting their synthesis and determining the production of secondary bile acids. Reciprocally, bile acids shape out the structure of gut microbiota. The interplay of bile acids and FXR is involved in the development of multisystemic conditions, encompassing metabolic diseases, hepatobiliary diseases, immune associated disorders. In the review, we aim to provide a thorough review of the intricate crosstalk between the gut microbiota and bile acids, the physiological roles of bile acids and FXR in mammals' health and disease, and the clinical translational considerations of gut microbiota-bile acids-FXR in the treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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6
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Mo C, Lou X, Xue J, Shi Z, Zhao Y, Wang F, Chen G. The influence of Akkermansia muciniphila on intestinal barrier function. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:41. [PMID: 39097746 PMCID: PMC11297771 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barriers play a crucial role in human physiology, both in homeostatic and pathological conditions. Disruption of the intestinal barrier is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. The profound influence of the gut microbiota on intestinal diseases has sparked considerable interest in manipulating it through dietary interventions, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential approaches to enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Numerous studies have underscored the protective effects of specific microbiota and their associated metabolites. In recent years, an increasing body of research has demonstrated that Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila, Am) plays a beneficial role in various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, aging, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. It is gaining popularity as a regulator that influences the intestinal flora and intestinal barrier and is recognized as a 'new generation of probiotics'. Consequently, it may represent a potential target and promising therapy option for intestinal diseases. This article systematically summarizes the role of Am in the gut. Specifically, we carefully discuss key scientific issues that need resolution in the future regarding beneficial bacteria represented by Am, which may provide insights for the application of drugs targeting Am in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Mo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiran Lou
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jinfang Xue
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhuange Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Yifang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650034, China.
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Yu J, Gao M, Wang L, Guo X, Liu X, Sheng M, Cheng S, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhao C, Guo W, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Hu C, Ma X, Xie C, Zhang Q, Xu L. An insoluble cellulose nanofiber with robust expansion capacity protects against obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134401. [PMID: 39097049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
An imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure predisposes obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Soluble dietary fiber has been shown to improve metabolic homeostasis mainly via microbiota reshaping. However, the application and metabolic effects of insoluble fiber are less understood. Herein, we employed nanotechnology to design citric acid-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibers (CL-CNF) with a robust capacity of expansion upon swelling. Supplementation with CL-CNF reduced food intake and delayed digestion rate in mice by occupying stomach. Besides, CL-CNF treatment mitigated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice with enhanced energy expenditure, as well as ameliorated inflammation in adipose tissue, intestine and liver and reduced hepatic steatosis, without any discernible signs of toxicity. Additionally, CL-CNF supplementation resulted in enrichment of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and decreased in the relative abundances of deleterious microbiota expressing bile salt hydrolase, which led to increased levels of conjugated bile acids and inhibited intestinal FXR signaling to stimulate the release of GLP-1. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CL-CNF administration protects mice from diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction by reducing food intake, enhancing energy expenditure and remodeling gut microbiota, making it a potential therapeutic strategy against metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Maozheng Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shimiao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenxiu Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China; Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Vico-Oton E, Volet C, Jacquemin N, Dong Y, Hapfelmeier S, Meibom KL, Bernier-Latmani R. Strain-dependent induction of primary bile acid 7-dehydroxylation by cholic acid. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:286. [PMID: 39090543 PMCID: PMC11293179 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids (BAs) are steroid-derived molecules with important roles in digestion, the maintenance of host metabolism, and immunomodulation. Primary BAs are synthesized by the host, while secondary BAs are produced by the gut microbiome through transformation of the former. The regulation of microbial production of secondary BAs is not well understood, particularly the production of 7-dehydroxylated BAs, which are the most potent agonists for host BA receptors. The 7-dehydroxylation of cholic acid (CA) is well established and is linked to the expression of a bile acid-inducible (bai) operon responsible for this process. However, little to no 7-dehydroxylation has been reported for other host-derived BAs (e.g., chenodeoxycholic acid, CDCA or ursodeoxycholic acid, UDCA). RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the 7-dehydroxylation of CDCA and UDCA by the human isolate Clostridium scindens is induced when CA is present, suggesting that CA-dependent transcriptional regulation is required for substantial 7-dehydroxylation of these primary BAs. This is supported by the finding that UDCA alone does not promote expression of bai genes. CDCA upregulates expression of the bai genes but the expression is greater when CA is present. In contrast, the murine isolate Extibacter muris exhibits a distinct response; CA did not induce significant 7-dehydroxylation of primary BAs, whereas BA 7-dehydroxylation was promoted upon addition of germ-free mouse cecal content in vitro. However, E. muris was found to 7-dehydroxylate in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The distinct expression responses amongst strains indicate that bai genes are regulated differently. CA promoted bai operon gene expression and the 7-dehydroxylating activity in C. scindens strains. Conversely, the in vitro activity of E. muris was promoted only after the addition of cecal content and the isolate did not alter bai gene expression in response to CA. The accessory gene baiJ was only upregulated in the C. scindens ATCC 35704 strain, implying mechanistic differences amongst isolates. Interestingly, the human-derived C. scindens strains were also capable of 7-dehydroxylating murine bile acids (muricholic acids) to a limited extent. This study shows novel 7-dehydroxylation activity in vitro resulting from the presence of CA and suggests distinct bai gene expression across bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Vico-Oton
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colin Volet
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Jacquemin
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yuan Dong
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Karin Lederballe Meibom
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rizlan Bernier-Latmani
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- EPFL ENAC IIE EML CH A1 375 (Bâtiment CH), Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Duan Y, Yang Y, Zhao S, Bai Y, Yao W, Gao X, Yin J. Crosstalk in extrahepatic and hepatic system in NAFLD/NASH. Liver Int 2024; 44:1856-1871. [PMID: 38717072 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents an extremely progressive form of NAFLD, which, without timely intervention, may progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Presently, a definitive comprehension of the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH eludes us, and pharmacological interventions targeting NASH specifically remain constrained. The aetiology of NAFLD encompasses a myriad of external factors including environmental influences, dietary habits and gender disparities. More significantly, inter-organ and cellular interactions within the human body play a role in the development or regression of the disease. In this review, we categorize the influences affecting NAFLD both intra- and extrahepatically, elaborating meticulously on the mechanisms governing the onset and progression of NAFLD/NASH. This exploration delves into progress in aetiology and promising therapeutic targets. As a metabolic disorder, the development of NAFLD involves complexities related to nutrient metabolism, liver-gut axis interactions and insulin resistance, among other regulatory functions of extraneous organs. It further encompasses intra-hepatic interactions among hepatic cells, Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH from a macroscopic standpoint is instrumental in the formulation of future therapies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuesong Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Ding C, Wang Z, Dou X, Yang Q, Ning Y, Kao S, Sang X, Hao M, Wang K, Peng M, Zhang S, Han X, Cao G. Farnesoid X receptor: From Structure to Function and Its Pharmacology in Liver Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1508-1536. [PMID: 37815898 PMCID: PMC11272191 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a crucial role in regulating bile acid metabolism within the enterohepatic circulation. Beyond its involvement in metabolic disorders and immune imbalances affecting various tissues, FXR is implicated in microbiota modulation, gut-to-brain communication, and liver disease. The liver, as a pivotal metabolic and detoxification organ, is susceptible to damage from factors such as alcohol, viruses, drugs, and high-fat diets. Chronic or recurrent liver injury can culminate in liver fibrosis, which, if left untreated, may progress to cirrhosis and even liver cancer, posing significant health risks. However, therapeutic options for liver fibrosis remain limited in terms of FDA-approved drugs. Recent insights into the structure of FXR, coupled with animal and clinical investigations, have shed light on its potential pharmacological role in hepatic fibrosis. Progress has been achieved in both fundamental research and clinical applications. This review critically examines recent advancements in FXR research, highlighting challenges and potential mechanisms underlying its role in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Zeping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shi Kao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuosheng Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China.
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China.
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11
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Hu S, Tang B, Lu C, Wang S, Wu L, Lei Y, Tang L, Zhu H, Wang D, Yang S. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates triptolide-induced liver injury through modulation of the bile acid-FXR axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107275. [PMID: 38908615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is the principal bioactive compound of Tripterygium wilfordii with significant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. However, its severe hepatotoxicity greatly limits its clinical use. The underlying mechanism of TP-induced liver damage is still poorly understood. Here, we estimate the role of the gut microbiota in TP hepatotoxicity and investigate the bile acid metabolism mechanisms involved. The results of the antibiotic cocktail (ABX) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment demonstrate the involvement of intestinal flora in TP hepatotoxicity. Moreover, TP treatment significantly perturbed gut microbial composition and reduced the relative abundances of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Supplementation with LGG reversed TP-induced hepatotoxicity by increasing bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity and reducing the increased conjugated bile acids (BA). LGG supplementation upregulates hepatic FXR expression and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in TP-treated mice. In summary, this study found that gut microbiota is involved in TP hepatotoxicity. LGG supplementation protects mice against TP-induced liver damage. The underlying mechanism was associated with the gut microbiota-BA-FXR axis. Therefore, LGG holds the potential to prevent and treat TP hepatotoxicity in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Gastroenterology, No.983 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Tianjin 300142, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Sumin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lingyi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongbin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, No.983 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Tianjin 300142, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, No.983 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Tianjin 300142, China.
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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12
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Chen Y, Anderson MT, Payne N, Santori FR, Ivanova NB. Nuclear Receptors and the Hidden Language of the Metabolome. Cells 2024; 13:1284. [PMID: 39120315 PMCID: PMC11311682 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are a family of ligand-regulated transcription factors that control key aspects of development and physiology. The regulation of NHRs by ligands derived from metabolism or diet makes them excellent pharmacological targets, and the mechanistic understanding of how NHRs interact with their ligands to regulate downstream gene networks, along with the identification of ligands for orphan NHRs, could enable innovative approaches for cellular engineering, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. We review recent discoveries in the identification of physiologic ligands for NHRs. We propose new models of ligand-receptor co-evolution, the emergence of hormonal function and models of regulation of NHR specificity and activity via one-ligand and two-ligand models as well as feedback loops. Lastly, we discuss limitations on the processes for the identification of physiologic NHR ligands and emerging new methodologies that could be used to identify the natural ligands for the remaining 17 orphan NHRs in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (Y.C.); (M.T.A.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew Tom Anderson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (Y.C.); (M.T.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Nathaniel Payne
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (Y.C.); (M.T.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Fabio R. Santori
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (Y.C.); (M.T.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Natalia B. Ivanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (Y.C.); (M.T.A.); (N.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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13
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Wu M, Cheng Y, Zhang R, Han W, Jiang H, Bi C, Zhang Z, Ye M, Lin X, Liu Z. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategy of bile acids in Alzheimer's disease from the emerging perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117228. [PMID: 39088965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β outside neurons and Tau protein inside neurons. Various pathological mechanisms are implicated in AD, including brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and endocrinal dysregulation of adrenal corticosteroids. These factors collectively contribute to neuronal damage and destruction. Recently, bile acids (BAs), which are metabolites of cholesterol, have shown neuroprotective potential against AD by targeting the above pathological changes. BAs can enter the systematic circulation and cross the blood-brain barrier, subsequently exerting neuroprotective effects by targeting several endogenous receptors. Additionally, BAs interact with the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis to improve immune and neuroendocrine function during AD episodes. Gut microbes impact BA signaling in the brain through their involvement in BA biotransformation. In this review, we summarize the role and molecular mechanisms of BAs in AD while considering the MGB axis and propose novel strategies for preventing the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyi Cheng
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Han
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanqi Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenchen Bi
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shaoxing University), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Science Research Center of Medical School, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Wang Q, Shen W, Shao W, Hu H. Berberine alleviates cholesterol and bile acid metabolism disorders induced by high cholesterol diet in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 719:150088. [PMID: 38740003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a traditional Chinese herb with broad antimicrobial activity. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the metabolism of bile acids and cholesterol. Our study investigated the effects of BBR on alleviating cholesterol and bile acid metabolism disorders induced by high cholesterol diet in mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice fed with high cholesterol diet (HC) containing 1.25 % cholesterol (HC group) or fed with chow diet containing 0.02 % cholesterol (Chow group) served as controls. BBR50 and BBR100 group mice were fed with HC, and oral BBR daily at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg respectively for 8 weeks. The results showed that BBR could reshape the homeostasis and composition of gut microbiota. The abundance of Clostridium genera was significantly inhibited by BBR, which resulted in a significant reduction of secondary bile acids within the enterohepatic circulation and a significant lower hydrophobic index of bile acids. The absorption of cholesterol in intestine, the deposition of cholesterol in liver and the excretion of cholesterol in biliary tract were significantly inhibited by BBR, which promoted the unsaturation of cholesterol in bile. These findings suggest the potential utility of BBR as a functional food to alleviate the negative effects of high cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Wang
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Shen
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Shao
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Cao C, Yue S, Lu A, Liang C. Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions and Their Role in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107321. [PMID: 39038631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The critical role of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers is becoming increasingly clear. Imbalances in the gut microbial community, referred to as dysbiosis, are linked to increased risks for various forms of gastrointestinal cancers. Pathogens like Fusobacterium and Helicobacter pylori relate to the onset of esophageal and gastric cancers, respectively, while microbes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Clostridium species have been associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. In colorectal cancer, bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum are known to stimulate the growth of tumor cells and trigger cancer-promoting pathways. On the other hand, beneficial microbes like Bifidobacteria offer a protective effect, potentially inhibiting the development of gastrointestinal cancers. The potential for therapeutic interventions that manipulate the gut microbiome is substantial, including strategies to engineer anti-tumor metabolites and employ microbiota-based treatments. Despite the progress in understanding the influence of the microbiome on gastrointestinal cancers, significant challenges remain in identifying and understanding the precise contributions of specific microbial species and their metabolic products. This knowledge is essential for leveraging the role of the gut microbiome in the development of precise diagnostics and targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Cao
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Siran Yue
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China.
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16
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Sun D, Xie C, Zhao Y, Liao J, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang D, Hua K, Gu Y, Du J, Huang G, Huang J. The gut microbiota-bile acid axis in cholestatic liver disease. Mol Med 2024; 30:104. [PMID: 39030473 PMCID: PMC11265038 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) are characterized by impaired normal bile flow, culminating in excessive accumulation of toxic bile acids. The majority of patients with CLD ultimately progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure, necessitating liver transplantation due to the lack of effective treatment. Recent investigations have underscored the pivotal role of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis in the progression of hepatic fibrosis via various pathways. The obstruction of bile drainage can induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to bacteria translocation. The microbial translocation activates the immune response and promotes liver fibrosis progression. The identification of therapeutic targets for modulating the gut microbiota-bile acid axis represents a promising strategy to ameliorate or perhaps reverse liver fibrosis in CLD. This review focuses on the mechanisms in the gut microbiota-bile acids axis in CLD and highlights potential therapeutic targets, aiming to lay a foundation for innovative treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Sun
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chuanping Xie
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Junmin Liao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kaiyun Hua
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yichao Gu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jingbin Du
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Guoxian Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Jinshi Huang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
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17
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Yao T, Fu L, Wu Y, Li L. Christensenella minuta Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Regulating Phenylalanine Metabolism. Nutrients 2024; 16:2314. [PMID: 39064757 PMCID: PMC11280030 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI), even liver failure, is a significant challenge due to the limited availability of therapeutic medicine. Christensenella minuta (C. minuta), as a probiotic therapy, has shown promising prospects in metabolism and inflammatory diseases. Our research aimed to examine the influence of C. minuta on AILI and explore the molecular pathways underlying it. We found that administration of C. minuta remarkably alleviated AILI in a mouse model, as evidenced by decreased levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and improvements in the histopathological features of liver sections. Additionally, there was a notable decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), accompanied by restoration of the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) balance, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in inflammatory markers (IL6, IL1β, TNF-α). C. minuta regulated phenylalanine metabolism. No significant difference in intestinal permeability was observed in either the model group or the treatment group. High levels of phenylalanine aggravated liver damage, which may be linked to phenylalanine-induced dysbiosis and dysregulation in cytochrome P450 metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, the PI3K-AKT pathway, and the Integrin pathway. Furthermore, C. minuta restored the diversity of the microbiota, modulated metabolic pathways and MAPK pathway. Overall, this research demonstrates that supplementing with C. minuta offers both preventive and remedial benefits against AILI by modulating the gut microbiota, phenylalanine metabolism, oxidative stress, and the MAPK pathway, with high phenylalanine supplementation being identified as a risk factor exacerbating liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
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18
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Sheng X, Zhan P, Wang P, He W, Tian H. Mitigation of high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by thyme ( Thymus quinquecostatus Celak) polyphenol-rich extract (TPE): insights into gut microbiota modulation and bile acid metabolism. Food Funct 2024; 15:7333-7347. [PMID: 38305590 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05235d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that thyme polyphenol-rich extract (TPE) mitigated hepatic injury induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) through the regulation of lipid metabolism, promotion of short-chain fatty acid production, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, and attenuation of inflammation. In this study, we aimed to further elucidate additional mechanisms underlying TPE-mediated preventive effects on hepatic steatosis, with a specific focus on its impact on the gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism in HFD-fed mice. TPE treatment resulted in a significant reduction in serum total BA levels and a notable increase in fecal total BA levels. In particular, elevations in fecal conjugated BA levels, in turn, impede intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling, thereby enhancing hepatic synthesis and fecal excretion of BAs. The downregulated mRNA expression levels of intestinal Fxr and Fgf15, and hepatic Fgfr4, along with the upregulated mRNA expression levels of Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1 after TPE treatment also prove the above inference. Meanwhile, TPE appeared to promote BA efflux and enterohepatic circulation, as evidenced by changes in the mRNA levels of Bsep, Ntpc, Shp, Asbt, Ibabp, and Ostα/β. TPE also modulated the gut microbiota and was characterized by an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment depleted the intestinal flora in mice, also abrogating the hepatoprotective effect of TPE against NAFLD. These findings collectively indicate that TPE effectively mitigates HFD-induced NAFLD by modulating the gut-liver axis, specifically targeting the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialu Sheng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ping Zhan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Wanying He
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Honglei Tian
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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19
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Lee MH, Nuccio SP, Mohanty I, Hagey LR, Dorrestein PC, Chu H, Raffatellu M. How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x. [PMID: 39009868 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are responsible for bile acid modifications. With recent advances in technology enabling the discovery and continued identification of microbially conjugated bile acids, the chemical complexity of the bile acid landscape in the body is increasing at a rapid pace. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how bile acids and the gut microbiota interact to modulate immune responses during homeostasis and disease, with a particular focus on the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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20
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Grant ET, De Franco H, Desai MS. Non-SCFA microbial metabolites associated with fiber fermentation and host health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00169-3. [PMID: 38991905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is degraded by commensal gut microbes to yield host-beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but personalized responses to fiber supplementation highlight a role for other microbial metabolites in shaping host health. In this review we summarize recent findings from dietary fiber intervention studies describing health impacts attributed to microbial metabolites other than SCFAs, particularly secondary bile acids (2°BAs), aromatic amino acid derivatives, neurotransmitters, and B vitamins. We also discuss shifts in microbial metabolism occurring through altered maternal dietary fiber intake and agricultural practices, which warrant further investigation. To optimize the health benefits of dietary fibers, it is essential to survey a range of metabolites and adapt recommendations on a personalized basis, according to the different functional aspects of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica T Grant
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Hélène De Franco
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology, and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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21
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Weng H, Deng L, Wang T, Xu H, Wu J, Zhou Q, Yu L, Chen B, Huang L, Qu Y, Zhou L, Chen X. Humid heat environment causes anxiety-like disorder via impairing gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5697. [PMID: 38972900 PMCID: PMC11228019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate and environmental changes threaten human mental health, but the impacts of specific environmental conditions on neuropsychiatric disorders remain largely unclear. Here, we show the impact of a humid heat environment on the brain and the gut microbiota using a conditioned housing male mouse model. We demonstrate that a humid heat environment can cause anxiety-like behaviour in male mice. Microbial 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis reveals that a humid heat environment caused gut microbiota dysbiosis (e.g., decreased abundance of Lactobacillus murinus), and metabolomics reveals an increase in serum levels of secondary bile acids (e.g., lithocholic acid). Moreover, increased neuroinflammation is indicated by the elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and cortex, activated PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling and a microglial response in the cortex. Strikingly, transplantation of the microbiota from mice reared in a humid heat environment readily recapitulates these abnormalities in germ-free mice, and these abnormalities are markedly reversed by Lactobacillus murinus administration. Human samples collected during the humid heat season also show a decrease in Lactobacillus murinus abundance and an increase in the serum lithocholic acid concentration. In conclusion, gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a humid heat environment drives the progression of anxiety disorders by impairing bile acid metabolism and enhancing neuroinflammation, and probiotic administration is a potential therapeutic strategy for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandi Weng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Huachong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jialin Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Qinji Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lingtai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Boli Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Li'an Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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22
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Guan L, Zhang L, Gong D, Li P, Zhu S, Tang J, Du M, Zhang M, Zou Y. Genipin improves obesity through promoting bile secretion and changing bile acids composition in diet-induced obese rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:897-907. [PMID: 38727186 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bile acids (BAs), as signaling molecules to regulate metabolism, have received considerable attention. Genipin is an iridoid compound extracted from Fructus Gradeniae, which has been shown to relieve adiposity and metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigated the mechanism of genipin counteracting obesity and its relationship with BAs signals in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. METHODS The DIO rats were received intraperitoneal injections of genipin for 10 days. The body weight, visceral fat, lipid metabolism in the liver, thermogenic genes expressions in brown fat, BAs metabolism and signals, and key enzymes for BAs synthesis were determined. KEY FINDINGS Genipin inhibited fat synthesis and promoted lipolysis in the liver, and upregulated thermogenic gene expressions in brown adipose tissue of DIO rats. Genipin increased bile flow rate and upregulated the expressions of aquaporin 8 and the transporters of BAs in liver. Furthermore, genipin changed BAs composition by promoting alternative pathways and inhibiting classical pathways for BAs synthesis and upregulated the expressions of bile acid receptors synchronously. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that genipin ameliorate obesity through BAs-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Dezheng Gong
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Jiulan Tang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Man Du
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Maokun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
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23
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Chu NHS, Chow E, Chan JCN. The Therapeutic Potential of the Specific Intestinal Microbiome (SIM) Diet on Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:498. [PMID: 39056692 PMCID: PMC11273990 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the intricate crosstalk between dietary prebiotics and the specific intestinal microbiome (SIM) is intriguing in explaining the mechanisms of current successful dietary interventions, including the Mediterranean diet and high-fiber diet. This knowledge forms a robust basis for developing a new natural food therapy. The SIM diet can be measured and evaluated to establish a reliable basis for the management of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), obesity, and metabolic cardiovascular disease. This review aims to delve into the existing body of research to shed light on the promising developments of possible dietary prebiotics in this field and explore the implications for clinical practice. The exciting part is the crosstalk of diet, microbiota, and gut-organ interactions facilitated by producing short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and subsequent metabolite production. These metabolic-related microorganisms include Butyricicoccus, Akkermansia, and Phascolarctobacterium. The SIM diet, rather than supplementation, holds the promise of significant health consequences via the prolonged reaction with the gut microbiome. Most importantly, the literature consistently reports no adverse effects, providing a strong foundation for the safety of this dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natural H. S. Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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24
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Huang Y, Xu W, Dong W, Chen G, Sun Y, Zeng X. Anti-diabetic effect of dicaffeoylquinic acids is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00264-9. [PMID: 38969095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in health and disease, notably through its interaction with bile acids (BAs). BAs, synthesized in the liver, undergo transformation by the gut microbiota upon excretion into the intestine, thus influencing host metabolism. However, the potential mechanisms of dicaffeoylquinic acids (DiCQAs) from Ilex kudingcha how to modulate lipid metabolism and inflammation via gut microbiota remain unclear. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The objectives of the present study were to investigate the regulating effects of DiCQAs on diabetes and the potential mechanisms of action. Two mice models were utilized to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of DiCQAs. Additionally, analysis of gut microbiota structure and functions was conducted concurrently with the examination of DiCQAs' impact on gut microbiota carrying the bile salt hydrolase (BSH) gene, as well as on the enterohepatic circulation of BAs and related signaling pathways. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that DiCQAs alleviated diabetic symptoms by modulating gut microbiota carrying the BSH gene. This modulation enhanced intestinal barrier integrity, increased enterohepatic circulation of conjugated BAs, and inhibited the farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling axis in the ileum. Consequently, the protein expression of hepatic FGFR4 fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) decreased, accompanied by heightened BA synthesis, reduced hepatic BA stasis, and lowered levels of hepatic and plasma cholesterol. Furthermore, DiCQAs upregulated glucolipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver and muscle, including v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3β) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby ameliorating hyperglycemia and mitigating inflammation through the down-regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the anti-diabetic effects and mechanism of DiCQAs from I. kudingcha, highlighting the potential of targeting gut microbiota, particularly Acetatifactor sp011959105 and Acetatifactor muris carrying the BSH gene, as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate FXR-FGF15 signaling and ameliorate diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Cheng G, Liu Y, Guo R, Wang H, Zhang W, Wang Y. Molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111726. [PMID: 38844054 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes and a considerable contributor to end-stage renal disease. Evidence indicates that glucose dysregulation and lipid metabolism comprise a pivotal pathogenic mechanism in diabetic nephropathy. However, current treatment outcomes are limited, as they only provide symptomatic relief without preventing disease progression. The gut microbiota is a group of microorganisms that inhabit the human intestinal tract and play a crucial role in maintaining host energy balance, metabolism, and immune activity. Patients with diabetic nephropathy exhibit altered gut microbiota, suggesting its potential involvement in the onset and progression of the disease. However, how a perturbed microbiota induces and promotes diabetic nephropathy remains unelucidated. This article summarizes the evidence of the impact of gut microbiota on the progression of diabetic nephropathy, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms involved, aiming to provide new insights into the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - YuLin Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Huinan Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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26
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Niu YR, Yu HN, Yan ZH, Yan XH. Multiomics Analysis Reveals Leucine Deprivation Promotes Bile Acid Synthesis by Upregulating Hepatic CYP7A1 and Intestinal Turicibacter sanguinis in Mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:1970-1984. [PMID: 38692354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, participates in the regulation of lipid metabolism and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, the related mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to reveal the potential mechanisms by which hepatic CYP7A1 (a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid [BA] synthesis) and gut microbiota coregulate BA synthesis under leucine deprivation. METHODS To this end, 8-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with either regular diets or leucine-free diets for 1 wk. Then, we investigated whether secondary BAs were synthesized by Turicibacter sanguinis in 7-wk-old C57BL/6J germ-free mice gavaged with T. sanguinis for 2 wk by determining BA concentrations in the plasma, liver, and cecum contents using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The results showed that leucine deprivation resulted in a significant increase in total BA concentration in the plasma and an increase in the liver, but no difference in total BA was observed in the cecum contents before and after leucine deprivation. Furthermore, leucine deprivation significantly altered BA profiles such as taurocholic acid and ω-muricholic acid in the plasma, liver, and cecum contents. CYP7A1 expression was significantly upregulated in the liver under leucine deprivation. Leucine deprivation also regulated the composition of the gut microbiota; specifically, it significantly upregulated the relative abundance of T. sanguinis, thus enhancing the conversion of primary BAs into secondary BAs by intestinal T. sanguinis in mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, leucine deprivation regulated BA profiles in enterohepatic circulation by upregulating hepatic CYP7A1 expression and increasing intestinal T. sanguinis abundance. Our findings reveal the contribution of gut microbiota to BA metabolism under dietary leucine deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Rong Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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27
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Yang M, Zheng X, Fan J, Cheng W, Yan T, Lai Y, Zhang N, Lu Y, Qi J, Huo Z, Xu Z, Huang J, Jiao Y, Liu B, Pang R, Zhong X, Huang S, Luo G, Lee G, Jobin C, Eren AM, Chang EB, Wei H, Pan T, Wang X. Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Modulates Host Transcriptome and m 6A Epitranscriptome via Bile Acid Metabolism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307981. [PMID: 38713722 PMCID: PMC11267274 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota can influence host gene expression and physiology through metabolites. Besides, the presence or absence of gut microbiome can reprogram host transcriptome and epitranscriptome as represented by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mammalian mRNA modification. However, which and how gut microbiota-derived metabolites reprogram host transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome remain poorly understood. Here, investigation is conducted into how gut microbiota-derived metabolites impact host transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome using multiple mouse models and multi-omics approaches. Various antibiotics-induced dysbiotic mice are established, followed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) into germ-free mice, and the results show that bile acid metabolism is significantly altered along with the abundance change in bile acid-producing microbiota. Unbalanced gut microbiota and bile acids drastically change the host transcriptome and the m6A epitranscriptome in multiple tissues. Mechanistically, the expression of m6A writer proteins is regulated in animals treated with antibiotics and in cultured cells treated with bile acids, indicating a direct link between bile acid metabolism and m6A biology. Collectively, these results demonstrate that antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis regulates the landscape of host transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome via bile acid metabolism pathway. This work provides novel insights into the interplay between microbial metabolites and host gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Tong‐Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyTaipaMacau999078China
| | - Yushan Lai
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Nianping Zhang
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Jiali Qi
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Zhengyi Huo
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Zihe Xu
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Jia Huang
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Yuting Jiao
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Biaodi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and RegulationState Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and HealthState Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510070China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Shi Huang
- Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Guan‐Zheng Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and RegulationState Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Gina Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsChao Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Irvine School of MedicineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL32610USA
| | - A. Murat Eren
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity26129OldenburgGermany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine EnvironmentUniversity of Oldenburg26129OldenburgGermany
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of MedicineKnapp Center for Biomedical DiscoveryThe University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical DiscoveryChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Hong Wei
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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28
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Li X, Yang J, Zhou X, Dai C, Kong M, Xie L, Liu C, Liu Y, Li D, Ma X, Dai Y, Sun Y, Jian Z, Guo X, Lin X, Li Y, Sun L, Liu X, Jin L, Tang H, Zheng Y, Hong S. Ketogenic diet-induced bile acids protect against obesity through reduced calorie absorption. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1397-1414. [PMID: 38937659 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) has long been practiced for weight loss, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Gut microbiota and metabolites have been suggested to mediate the metabolic changes caused by KD consumption, although the particular gut microbes or metabolites involved are unclear. Here, we show that KD consumption enhances serum levels of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in mice to decrease body weight and fasting glucose levels. Mechanistically, KD feeding decreases the abundance of a bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-coding gut bacterium, Lactobacillus murinus ASF361. The reduction of L. murinus ASF361 or inhibition of BSH activity increases the circulating levels of TDCA and TUDCA, thereby reducing energy absorption by inhibiting intestinal carbonic anhydrase 1 expression, which leads to weight loss. TDCA and TUDCA treatments have been found to protect against obesity and its complications in multiple mouse models. Additionally, the associations among the abovementioned bile acids, microbial BSH and metabolic traits were consistently observed both in an observational study of healthy human participants (n = 416) and in a low-carbohydrate KD interventional study of participants who were either overweight or with obesity (n = 25). In summary, we uncover a unique host-gut microbiota metabolic interaction mechanism for KD consumption to decrease body weight and fasting glucose levels. Our findings support TDCA and TUDCA as two promising drug candidates for obesity and its complications in addition to a KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Linshan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Zhijie Jian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yixue Li
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Kotlyarov S. Importance of the gut microbiota in the gut-liver axis in normal and liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:878-882. [PMID: 38948437 PMCID: PMC11212653 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i6.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is of growing interest to clinicians and researchers. This is because there is a growing understanding that the gut microbiota performs many different functions, including involvement in metabolic and immune processes that are systemic in nature. The liver, with its important role in detoxifying and metabolizing products from the gut, is at the forefront of interactions with the gut microbiota. Many details of these interactions are not yet known to clinicians and researchers, but there is growing evidence that normal gut microbiota function is important for liver health. At the same time, factors affecting the gut microbiota, including nutrition or medications, may also have an effect through the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan 390026, Russia.
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30
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Yang Y, Chi L, Hsiao YC, Lu K. Sex-specific effects of gut microbiome on shaping bile acid metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601003. [PMID: 38979196 PMCID: PMC11230406 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiome is a group of microorganisms that plays important roles in contributing to health and diseases. These bacterial compositions have been demonstrated to impact bile acids (BAs) profiles, either by directly metabolizing primary BAs to secondary BAs or indirect ways through host metabolism by influencing BAs synthesis, transportation and conjugation in liver. It has been observed sexually dimorphic gut microbiome and bile acids composition, with variations in expression levels of bile acid metabolizing genes in the liver. However, associations between sex-specific differences in gut microbiome and BAs profiles are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate whether gut microbiome could influence BAs profiles in host in a sexspecific manner. We transplanted cecum feces of male and female C57BL/6 mice to male mice and measured BAs concentrations in feces, serum and liver samples 7 days after fecal transplantation. We found different BAs profiles between mice with male and female gut microbiome, including altering levels and proportions of secondary BAs. We also observed varied expression levels of genes related to bile acid metabolism in the liver and distal ileum. Our results highlight sex-specific effects of gut microbiome on shaping bile acid metabolism through gut bacteria and regulation of host genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
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31
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Zhao X, Wu X, Hu Q, Yao J, Yang Y, Wan M, Tang W. Yinchenhao Decoction Protects Against Acute Liver Injury in Mice With Biliary Acute Pancreatitis by Regulating the Gut Microflora-Bile Acids-Liver Axis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2024; 2024:8882667. [PMID: 38966598 PMCID: PMC11223911 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8882667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Acute liver injury (ALI) often follows biliary acute pancreatitis (BAP), but the exact cause and effective treatment are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the gut microflora-bile acids-liver axis in BAP-ALI in mice and to assess the potential therapeutic effects of Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula, on BAP-ALI. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into three groups: negative control (NC), BAP model, and YCHD treatment groups. The severity of BAP-ALI, intrahepatic bile acid levels, and the gut microbiota were assessed 24 h after BAP-ALI induction in mice. Results: Our findings demonstrated that treatment with YCHD significantly ameliorated the severity of BAP-ALI, as evidenced by the mitigation of hepatic histopathological changes and a reduction in liver serum enzyme levels. Moreover, YCHD alleviated intrahepatic cholestasis and modified the composition of bile acids, as indicated by a notable increase in conjugated bile acids. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing analysis of the gut microbiome revealed distinct alterations in the richness and composition of the microbiome in BAP-ALI mice compared to those in control mice. YCHD treatment effectively improved the intestinal flora disorders induced by BAP-ALI. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significant association between the distinct compositional characteristics of the intestinal microbiota and the intrahepatic bile acid concentration. Conclusions: These findings imply a potential link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and intrahepatic cholestasis in BAP-ALI mice and suggest that YCHD treatment may confer protection against BAP-ALI via the gut microflora-bile acids-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zhao
- West China Center of Excellence for PancreatitisInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of MedicineSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiajia Wu
- West China School of MedicineSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityWest China HospitalSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Hu
- West China School of MedicineSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- West China School of MedicineSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Yang
- West China School of MedicineSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- West China Center of Excellence for PancreatitisInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of MedicineSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenfu Tang
- West China Center of Excellence for PancreatitisInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of MedicineSichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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32
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Marroncini G, Naldi L, Martinelli S, Amedei A. Gut-Liver-Pancreas Axis Crosstalk in Health and Disease: From the Role of Microbial Metabolites to Innovative Microbiota Manipulating Strategies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1398. [PMID: 39061972 PMCID: PMC11273695 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The functions of the gut are closely related to those of many other organs in the human body. Indeed, the gut microbiota (GM) metabolize several nutrients and compounds that, once released in the bloodstream, can reach distant organs, thus influencing the metabolic and inflammatory tone of the host. The main microbiota-derived metabolites responsible for the modulation of endocrine responses are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). These molecules can (i) regulate the pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), (ii) increase glycogen synthesis in the liver, and (iii) boost energy expenditure, especially in skeletal muscles and brown adipose tissue. In other words, they are critical in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis. In GM dysbiosis, the imbalance of microbiota-related products can affect the proper endocrine and metabolic functions, including those related to the gut-liver-pancreas axis (GLPA). In addition, the dysbiosis can contribute to the onset of some diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this review, we explored the roles of the gut microbiota-derived metabolites and their involvement in onset and progression of these diseases. In addition, we detailed the main microbiota-modulating strategies that could improve the diseases' development by restoring the healthy balance of the GLPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Marroncini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Laura Naldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Serena Martinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 50139 Florence, Italy
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Rana S, Canfield JR, Ward CS, Sprague JE. Bile acids and the gut microbiome are involved in the hyperthermia mediated by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Sci Rep 2024; 14:14485. [PMID: 38914648 PMCID: PMC11196659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia induced by phenethylamines, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), can lead to life-threatening complications and death. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and subsequent release of norepinephrine and activation of uncoupling proteins have been demonstrated to be the key mediators of phenethylamine-induced hyperthermia (PIH). Recently, the gut microbiome was shown to also play a contributing role in PIH. Here, the hypothesis that bile acids (BAs) produced by the gut microbiome are essential to PIH was tested. Changes in the serum concentrations of unconjugated primary BAs cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and secondary BA deoxycholic acid (DCA) were measured following MDMA (20 mg/kg, sc) treatment in antibiotic treated and control rats. MDMA-induced a significant hyperthermic response and reduced the serum concentrations of three BAs 60 min post-treatment. Pretreatment with antibiotics (vancomycin, bacitracin and neomycin) in the drinking water for five days resulted in the depletion of BAs and a hypothermic response to MDMA. Gut bacterial communities in the antibiotic-treated group were distinct from the MDMA or saline treatment groups, with decreased microbiome diversity and alteration in taxa. Metagenomic functions inferred using the bioinformatic tool PICRUSt2 on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that bacterial genes associated to BA metabolism are less abundant in the antibiotic-MDMA treated group. Overall, these findings suggest that gut bacterial produced BAs might play an important role in MDMA-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Rana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Jeremy R Canfield
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Christopher S Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Jon E Sprague
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
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Wu HT, Tsai CS, Chao TH, Ou HY, Tsai LM. A Novel Antioxidant, Hydrogen-Rich Coral Calcium Alters Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Synthesis to Improve Methionine-and-Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:746. [PMID: 38929185 PMCID: PMC11201271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically increased in recent years, and it is highly associated with metabolic diseases, as well as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of NAFLD are still scarce. Although hydrogen-rich water shows beneficial effects for hepatic steatosis, the inconvenience limits the application of this antioxidant. In light of this, hydrogen-rich coral calcium (HRCC) was developed due to its convenience and quantifiable characteristics. However, the effects of HRCC on NAFLD are still unknown. In the present study, we found that HRCC treatment improved methionine-and-choline-deficient diet (MCD)-induced hepatic steatosis, increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and elevated hepatic inflammatory factor expressions in mice. In addition to the increased expressions of antioxidative enzymes, we found that HRCC increased the expressions of bile acid biosynthesis-related genes, including Cyp8b1 and Cyp27a1. Increased hepatic bile acid contents, such as muricholic acids, 23 nor-deoxycholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and cholic acids, were also confirmed in MCD mice treated with HRCC. Since the biogenesis of bile acids is associated with the constitution of gut microbiome, the alterations in gut microbiome by HRCC were evaluated. We found that HRCC significantly changed the constitution of gut microbiome in MCD mice and increased the contents of Anaerobacterium, Acutalibacter, Anaerosacchariphilus, and Corynebacterium. Taken together, HRCC improved MCD-induced NAFLD through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and by increasing antioxidative activities. Additionally, HRCC might alter gut microbiome to change hepatic bile acid contents, exerting beneficial effects for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
- Tong-Yuan Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiang Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yih Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
- Tong-Yuan Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Miin Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show-Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Li K, Wang S, Qu W, Ahmed AA, Enneb W, Obeidat MD, Liu HY, Dessie T, Kim IH, Adam SY, Cai D. Natural products for Gut-X axis: pharmacology, toxicology and microbiology in mycotoxin-caused diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419844. [PMID: 38978980 PMCID: PMC11228701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is integral to defending against external contaminants, featuring a complex array of immunological, physical, chemical, and microbial barriers. Mycotoxins, which are toxic metabolites from fungi, are pervasive in both animal feed and human food, presenting substantial health risks. Methods: This review examines the pharmacological, toxicological, and microbiological impacts of natural products on mycotoxicosis, with a particular focus on the gut-x axis. The analysis synthesizes current understanding and explores the role of natural products rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins. Results: The review highlights that mycotoxins can disrupt intestinal integrity, alter inflammatory responses, damage the mucus layer, and disturb the bacterial balance. The toxins' effects are extensive, potentially harming the immune system, liver, kidneys, and skin, and are associated with serious conditions such as cancer, hormonal changes, genetic mutations, bleeding, birth defects, and neurological issues. Natural products have shown potential anticancer, anti-tumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitoxic properties. Discussion: The review underscores the emerging therapeutic strategy of targeting gut microbial modulation. It identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to deepen our understanding of natural products' role in gut-x axis health and to mitigate the global health impact of mycotoxin-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wuyi Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Abdelkareem A. Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wael Enneb
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Diya’ Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saber Y. Adam
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Wang P, Sun J, Zhao W, Wang D, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao X. Tomato Pectin Ameliorated Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat-Diet Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38856079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide public health issue. Changes in the gut microbiota structure and composition are closely related to host pathophysiology processes. Pectin is associated with several beneficial health effects. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the effect of tomato pectin (TP) on hepatic steatosis and exploring the underlying mechanisms by focusing on the regulation of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. Our results showed that TP attenuated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver steatosis and inflammation. TP administration increased the diversity of gut microbiota, enhancing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the abundance of harmful or conditional pathogenic bacteria. Further antibiotic-caused microbiome depletion confirmed that the anti-NAFLD activities of TP were dependent on the regulation of gut microbiota. Besides, TP intervention affected feces bile acid metabolism and caused significant changes in functional conjugated bile acids, which in turn inhibited the ileum FXR/FGF15 signaling, leading to stimulation of the hepatic bile acid (BA) production. Furthermore, TP treatment accelerated BA excretion, promoted BA transportation, inhibited BA reabsorption, and facilitated cholesterol efflux to relieve HFD-induced hyperlipidemia. These findings provide a potential dietary intervention strategy for TP against NAFLD via modulation of cross-talk between BAs and gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yubin Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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37
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Wei M, Tu W, Huang G. Regulating bile acids signaling for NAFLD: molecular insights and novel therapeutic interventions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341938. [PMID: 38887706 PMCID: PMC11180741 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) emerges as the most predominant cause of liver disease, tightly linked to metabolic dysfunction. Bile acids (BAs), initially synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, undergo further metabolism by gut bacteria. Increasingly acknowledged as critical modulators of metabolic processes, BAs have been implicated as important signaling molecules. In this review, we will focus on the mechanism of BAs signaling involved in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, and immune regulation and summarize their roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Furthermore, gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a key role in the development of NAFLD, and the interactions between BAs and intestinal microbiota is elucidated. In addition, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for NAFLD, including drugs targeting BA receptors, modulation of intestinal microbiota, and metabolic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Genhua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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38
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Ding J, Li J, Zhang C, Tan L, Zhao C, Gao L. High-Throughput Combined Analysis of Saliva Microbiota and Metabolomic Profile in Chinese Periodontitis Patients: A Pilot Study. Inflammation 2024; 47:874-890. [PMID: 38148454 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The onset and progression of periodontitis involves complicated interactions between the dysbiotic oral microbiota and disrupted host immune-inflammatory response, which can be mirrored by the changes in salivary metabolites profile. This pilot study sought to examine the saliva microbiome and metabolome in the Chinese population by the combined approach of 16s rRNA sequencing and high-throughput targeted metabolomics to discover potential cues for host-microbe metabolic interactions. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from eighteen Stage III and IV periodontitis patients and thirteen healthy subjects. Full-mouth periodontal parameters were recorded. The taxonomic composition of microbiota was obtained by 16s rRNA sequencing, and the metabolites were identified and measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis. The oral microbiota composition displayed marked changes where the abundance of 93 microbial taxa differed significantly between the periodontitis and healthy group. Targeted metabolomics identified 103 differential metabolites between the patients and healthy individuals. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated the upregulation of protein digestion and absorption, histidine metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways in the dysbiotic microbiota, while the ferroptosis, tryptophan metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and carbon metabolism pathways were upregulated in the patients. Correlation analysis confirmed positive relationships between the clinical parameters, pathogen abundances, and disease-related metabolite levels. The integral analysis of the saliva microbiome and metabolome yielded an accurate presentation of the dysbiotic oral microbiome and functional alterations in host-microbe metabolism. The microbial and metabolic profiling of the saliva could be a potential tool in the diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and pathogenesis study of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingping Tan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjiang Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bridge LA, Hernández Vargas JA, Trujillo-Cáceres SJ, Beigrezaei S, Chatelan A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Muka T, Uriza-Pinzón JP, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Franco OH, Grompone G, Artola Arita V. Two cosmoses, one universe: a narrative review exploring the gut microbiome's role in the effect of urban risk factors on vascular ageing. Maturitas 2024; 184:107951. [PMID: 38471294 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the face of rising global urbanisation, understanding how the associated environment and lifestyle impact public health is a cornerstone for prevention, research, and clinical practice. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with urban risk factors contributing greatly to its burden. The current narrative review adopts an exposome approach to explore the effect of urban-associated physical-chemical factors (such as air pollution) and lifestyle on cardiovascular health and ageing. In addition, we provide new insights into how these urban-related factors alter the gut microbiome, which has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We focus on vascular ageing, before disease onset, to promote preventative research and practice. We also discuss how urban ecosystems and social factors may interact with these pathways and provide suggestions for future research, precision prevention and management of vascular ageing. Most importantly, future research and decision-making would benefit from adopting an exposome approach and acknowledging the diverse and boundless universe of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Anne Bridge
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Juliana Trujillo-Cáceres
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angeline Chatelan
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Julieth Pilar Uriza-Pinzón
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vicente Artola Arita
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Shi Y, Wei L, Jin F, Wang J, Cao H, Yang Y, Gao L. Colchicine disrupts bile acid metabolic homeostasis by affecting the enterohepatic circulation in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:863-873. [PMID: 38311468 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Although the medicinal properties of colchicine (COL) have been widely known for centuries, its toxicity has been the subject of controversy. The narrow therapeutic window causes COL to induce gastrointestinal adverse effects even when taken at recommended doses, mainly manifested as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. However, the mechanism of COL-induced gastrointestinal toxic reactions remains obscure. In the present study, the mice were dosed with COL (2.5 mg/kg b.w./day) for a week to explore the effect of COL on bile acid metabolism and the mechanism of COL-induced diarrhea. The results showed that COL treatment affected liver biochemistry in mice, resulting in a significant down-regulation of the mRNA expression levels of bile acid biosynthesis regulators Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, Cyp7b1, and Cyp27a1 in liver tissues. The mRNA expression levels of bile acid transporters Ntcp, Oatp1, Mrp2, Ibabp, Mrp3, Osta, and Ostb in liver and ileum tissues were also significantly down-regulated. In addition, COL treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of Fxr and its downstream target genes Shp, Lrh1, and Fgf15 in liver and ileum tissues, affecting the feedback regulation of bile acid biosynthesis. More importantly, the inhibition of COL on bile acid transporters in ileal and hepatic tissues affected bile acid recycling in the ileum as well as their reuptake in the liver, leading to a significantly increased accumulation of bile acids in the colon, which may be an important cause of diarrhea. In conclusion, our study revealed that COL treatment affected bile acid biosynthesis and enterohepatic circulation, thereby disrupting bile acid metabolic homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanwen Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Jiang Y, Pang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y. The Gut Microbiome Affects Atherosclerosis by Regulating Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:624-637. [PMID: 38231373 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human system's secret organ, the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention. Emerging research has yielded substantial scientific evidence indicating that changes in gut microbial composition and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The burden of cardiovascular disease on healthcare systems is exacerbated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality globally. Reverse cholesterol transport is a powerful protective mechanism that effectively prevents excessive accumulation of cholesterol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been revealed how the gut microbiota modulates reverse cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between microbes, their metabolites, and their potential impacts in reverse cholesterol transport. We also explore the feasibility of modulating gut microbes and metabolites to facilitate reverse cholesterol transport as a novel therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Babu A, Devi Rajeswari V, Ganesh V, Das S, Dhanasekaran S, Usha Rani G, Ramanathan G. Gut Microbiome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Interplay of Associated Microbial-Metabolite Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1508-1520. [PMID: 38228976 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disease with an intricate etiology affecting reproductive-aged women. Despite attempts to unravel the pathophysiology, the molecular mechanism of PCOS remains unknown. There are no effective or suitable therapeutic strategies available to ameliorate PCOS; however, the symptoms can be managed. In recent years, a strong association has been found between the gut microbiome and PCOS, leading to the formulation of novel ideas on the genesis and pathological processes of PCOS. Further, gut microbiome dysbiosis involving microbial metabolites may trigger PCOS symptoms via many mechanistic pathways including those associated with carbohydrates, short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, bile acids, and gut-brain axis. We present the mechanistic pathways of PCOS-related microbial metabolites and therapeutic opportunities available to treat PCOS, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy. In addition, the current review highlights the emerging treatment strategies available to alleviate the symptoms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsha Babu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Ganesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekaran
- Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Raisan Village, PDPU Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - G Usha Rani
- Department of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Aydin Ö, Wahlström A, de Jonge PA, Meijnikman AS, Sjöland W, Olsson L, Henricsson M, de Goffau MC, Oonk S, Bruin SC, Acherman YIZ, Marschall HU, Gerdes VEA, Nieuwdorp M, Bäckhed F, Groen AK. An integrated analysis of bile acid metabolism in humans with severe obesity. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00889. [PMID: 39010331 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bile acids (BA) are vital regulators of metabolism. BAs are AQ6 secreted in the small intestine, reabsorbed, and transported back to the liver, where they can modulate metabolic functions. There is a paucity of data regarding the portal BA composition in humans. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating portal BA composition and the relation with peripheral and fecal BA dynamics in conjunction with the gut microbiome. APPROACH AND RESULTS Thirty-three individuals from the BARIA cohort were included. Portal plasma, peripheral plasma, and feces were collected. BA and C4 levels were measured employing mass spectrometry. FGF19 was measured using ELISA. Gut microbiota composition was determined through metagenomics analysis on stool samples. Considerable diversity in the portal BA composition was observed. The majority (n = 26) of individuals had a 9-fold higher portal than peripheral BA concentration. In contrast, 8 individuals showed lower portal BA concentration compared with peripheral and had higher levels of unconjugated and secondary BA in this compartment, suggesting more distal origin. The altered portal BA profile was associated with altered gut microbiota composition. In particular, taxa within Bacteroides were reduced in abundance in the feces of these individuals. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the portal BA composition in relation to peripheral and fecal BA increased insight into the dynamics of BA metabolism in individuals with obesity. Peripheral BA composition was much more diverse due to microbial metabolism. About 24% of the portal samples was surprisingly low in total BA; the underlying mechanism requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömrüm Aydin
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annika Wahlström
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick A de Jonge
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham S Meijnikman
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Sjöland
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Olsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn Oonk
- Department of Scientific Research, Data Science, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd C Bruin
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Yair I Z Acherman
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victor E A Gerdes
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ma S, Wang Y, Ji X, Dong S, Wang S, Zhang S, Deng F, Chen J, Lin B, Khan BA, Liu W, Hou K. Relationship between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1364545. [PMID: 38868299 PMCID: PMC11168118 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1364545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of gestational diabetes mellitus characterized by insulin resistance and abnormal function of pancreatic beta cells. In recent years, genomic association studies have revealed risk and susceptibility genes associated with genetic susceptibility to GDM. However, genetic predisposition cannot explain the rising global incidence of GDM, which may be related to the increased influence of environmental factors, especially the gut microbiome. Studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of GDM. This paper reviews the relationship between gut microbiota and the pathological mechanism of GDM, in order to better understand the role of gut microbiota in GDM, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of gut microbiota in the treatment of related diseases. Methods The current research results on the interaction between GDM and gut microbiota were collected and analyzed through literature review. Keywords such as "GDM", "gut microbiota" and "insulin resistance" were used for literature search, and the methodology, findings and potential impact on the pathophysiology of GDM were systematically evaluated. Results It was found that the composition and diversity of gut microbiota were significantly associated with the occurrence and development of GDM. Specifically, the abundance of certain gut bacteria is associated with an increased risk of GDM, while other changes in the microbiome may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity. In addition, alterations in the gut microbiota may affect blood glucose control through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of short-chain fatty acids, activation of inflammatory pathways, and metabolism of the B vitamin group. Discussion The results of this paper highlight the importance of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of GDM. The regulation of the gut microbiota may provide new directions for the treatment of GDM, including improving insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control through the use of probiotics and prebiotics. However, more research is needed to confirm the generality and exact mechanisms of these findings and to explore potential clinical applications of the gut microbiota in the management of gestational diabetes. In addition, future studies should consider the interaction between environmental and genetic factors and how together they affect the risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ma
- Anhui Province Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ji
- Nursing Department, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sunjuan Dong
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiying Deng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxian Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Benwei Lin
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Weiting Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaijian Hou
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Wang Y, Ma S, Zhao M, Wu L, Zhao R. Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Reduces the Growth of Weaning Rats via FXR-Mediated Hepatic IGF-2 Inhibition. Nutrients 2024; 16:1644. [PMID: 38892577 PMCID: PMC11175069 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in postnatal growth, particularly in modulating the development of animals during their growth phase. In this study, we investigated the effects of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota on the growth of weaning rats by administering a non-absorbable antibiotic cocktail (ABX) in water for 4 weeks. ABX treatment significantly reduced body weight and feed intake in rats. Concurrently, ABX treatment decreased microbial abundance and diversity in rat ceca, predominantly suppressing microbes associated with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Furthermore, decreased appetite may be attributed to elevated levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the serum, along with reduced neuropeptide Y (NPY) and increased cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the hypothalamus at the mRNA level. Importantly, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) were decreased in the serum and liver of antibiotic-treated rats. These alterations were associated with significant down-regulation of IGF-2 mRNA in the liver and significantly decreased farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protein expression and binding to the IGF-2 promoter. These results indicate that antibiotic-induced gut microbial dysbiosis not only impacts bile acid metabolism but also diminishes rat growth through the FXR-mediated IGF-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.W.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (L.W.)
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Mei EH, Yao C, Chen YN, Nan SX, Qi SC. Multifunctional role of oral bacteria in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:688-702. [PMID: 38818294 PMCID: PMC11135273 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders of varying severity, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This spectrum primarily consists of NAFL and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and impairment of the intestinal barrier. Non-gut commensal flora, particularly bacteria, play a pivotal role in the progression of NAFLD. Notably, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a principal bacterium involved in periodontitis, is known to facilitate lipid accumulation, augment immune responses, and induce insulin resistance, thereby exacerbating fibrosis in cases of periodontitis-associated NAFLD. The influence of oral microbiota on NAFLD via the "oral-gut-liver" axis is gaining recognition, offering a novel perspective for NAFLD management through microbial imbalance correction. This review endeavors to encapsulate the intricate roles of oral bacteria in NAFLD and explore underlying mechanisms, emphasizing microbial control strategies as a viable therapeutic avenue for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hua Mei
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yi-Nan Chen
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shun-Xue Nan
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Qi
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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Portincasa P, Khalil M, Mahdi L, Perniola V, Idone V, Graziani A, Baffy G, Di Ciaula A. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5640. [PMID: 38891828 PMCID: PMC11172019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological burden of liver steatosis associated with metabolic diseases is continuously growing worldwide and in all age classes. This condition generates possible progression of liver damage (i.e., inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) but also independently increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases and cancer. In recent years, the terminological evolution from "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD) to "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease" (MAFLD) and, finally, "metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD) has been paralleled by increased knowledge of mechanisms linking local (i.e., hepatic) and systemic pathogenic pathways. As a consequence, the need for an appropriate classification of individual phenotypes has been oriented to the investigation of innovative therapeutic tools. Besides the well-known role for lifestyle change, a number of pharmacological approaches have been explored, ranging from antidiabetic drugs to agonists acting on the gut-liver axis and at a systemic level (mainly farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, PPAR agonists, thyroid hormone receptor agonists), anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents. The intrinsically complex pathophysiological history of MASLD makes the selection of a single effective treatment a major challenge, so far. In this evolving scenario, the cooperation between different stakeholders (including subjects at risk, health professionals, and pharmaceutical industries) could significantly improve the management of disease and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention measures. The high healthcare burden associated with MASLD makes the search for new, effective, and safe drugs a major pressing need, together with an accurate characterization of individual phenotypes. Recent and promising advances indicate that we may soon enter the era of precise and personalized therapy for MASLD/MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Laura Mahdi
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Perniola
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Idone
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
- Aboca S.p.a. Società Agricola, 52037 Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Institut AllergoSan Pharmazeutische Produkte Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, 8055 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
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48
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Mostosi D, Molinaro M, Saccone S, Torrente Y, Villa C, Farini A. Exploring the Gut Microbiota-Muscle Axis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5589. [PMID: 38891777 PMCID: PMC11171690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining the dynamic balance of intestinal epithelial and immune cells, crucial for overall organ homeostasis. Dysfunctions in these intricate relationships can lead to inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recent findings uncovered the existence of a gut-muscle axis, revealing how alterations in the gut microbiota can disrupt regulatory mechanisms in muscular and adipose tissues, triggering immune-mediated inflammation. In the context of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), alterations in intestinal permeability stand as a potential origin of molecules that could trigger muscle degeneration via various pathways. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, or fragments of bacteria themselves, may have the ability to migrate from the gut into the bloodstream and ultimately infiltrate distant muscle tissues, exacerbating localized pathologies. These insights highlight alternative pathological pathways in DMD beyond the musculoskeletal system, paving the way for nutraceutical supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy. Understanding the complex interplay between the gut microbiota, immune system, and muscular health offers new perspectives for therapeutic interventions beyond conventional approaches to efficiently counteract the multifaceted nature of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Mostosi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Monica Molinaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabrina Saccone
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Andrea Farini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
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49
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Wahlström A, Brumbaugh A, Sjöland W, Olsson L, Wu H, Henricsson M, Lundqvist A, Makki K, Hazen SL, Bergström G, Marschall HU, Fischbach MA, Bäckhed F. Production of deoxycholic acid by low-abundant microbial species is associated with impaired glucose metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4276. [PMID: 38769296 PMCID: PMC11106306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in gut microbiota composition are suggested to contribute to cardiometabolic diseases, in part by producing bioactive molecules. Some of the metabolites are produced by very low abundant bacterial taxa, which largely have been neglected due to limits of detection. However, the concentration of microbially produced metabolites from these taxa can still reach high levels and have substantial impact on host physiology. To explore this concept, we focused on the generation of secondary bile acids by 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria and demonstrated that addition of a very low abundant bacteria to a community can change the metabolic output dramatically. We show that Clostridium scindens converts cholic acid into the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) very efficiently even though the abundance of C. scindens is low, but still detectable by digital droplet PCR. We also show that colonization of germ-free female mice with a community containing C. scindens induces DCA production and affects host metabolism. Finally, we show that DCA correlates with impaired glucose metabolism and a worsened lipid profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes, which implies that this metabolic pathway may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wahlström
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ariel Brumbaugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Sjöland
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Olsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan Microbiome Center, and Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kassem Makki
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Göran Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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50
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Yang CW, Liu HM, Chang ZY, Liu GH, Chang HH, Huang PY, Lee TY. Puerarin Modulates Hepatic Farnesoid X Receptor and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5274. [PMID: 38791314 PMCID: PMC11121391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study investigated the effects of puerarin, a bioactive isoflavone, on lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Supplementation with puerarin reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase, liver triglyceride, liver free fatty acid (FFA), and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice. Puerarin's beneficial metabolic effects were attenuated when farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was antagonized, suggesting FXR-mediated mechanisms. In hepatocytes, puerarin ameliorated high FFA-induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1 signaling, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in an FXR-dependent manner. In obese mice, puerarin reduced liver damage, regulated hepatic lipogenesis, decreased inflammation, improved mitochondrial function, and modulated mitophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, but was less effective in FXR knockout mice. Puerarin upregulated hepatic expression of FXR, bile salt export pump (BSEP), and downregulated cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and sodium taurocholate transporter (NTCP), indicating modulation of bile acid synthesis and transport. Puerarin also restored gut microbial diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and the abundance of Clostridium celatum and Akkermansia muciniphila. This study demonstrates that puerarin effectively ameliorates metabolic disturbances and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice, predominantly through FXR-dependent pathways. These findings underscore puerarin's potential as a therapeutic agent for managing obesity and enhancing gut health, highlighting its dual role in improving metabolic functions and modulating microbial communities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Isoflavones/pharmacology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Mice
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Male
- Dysbiosis
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Mice, Knockout
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Symporters/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Akkermansia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Division of Internal and Pediatric Chinese Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333423, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Miao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
| | - Geng-Hao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
- Division of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333008, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10844, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
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