1
|
Benjamin JI, Pati P, Luong T, Liu X, De Miguel C, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. Chronic mistimed feeding results in renal fibrosis and disrupted circadian blood pressure rhythms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F683-F696. [PMID: 39205662 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00047.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption is a disturbance in biological timing, which can occur within or between different organizational levels, ranging from molecular rhythms within specific cells to the misalignment of behavioral and environmental cycles. Previous work from our group showed that less than 1 wk of food restriction to the light (inactive) period is sufficient to invert diurnal blood pressure rhythms in mice. However, kidney excretory rhythms and functions remained aligned with the light-dark cycle. Shift workers have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease that may different between sexes and often have irregular mealtimes, making the possibility of mistimed feeding as a potential contributor to the development of kidney disease. Thus, we hypothesized that chronic mistimed food intake would result in adverse cardiorenal effects, with sex differences in severity. Here, we show that chronic circadian disruption via mistimed feeding results in renal fibrosis and aortic stiffness in a sex-dependent manner. Our results indicate the importance of meal timing for the maintenance of blood pressure rhythms and kidney function, particularly in males. Our results also demonstrate that females are better able to acclimate to circadian-related behavioral change. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Circadian disruption through mistimed feeding resulted in nondipping blood pressure, renal fibrosis, and arterial stiffness that were less severe in females versus males. Mice fed exclusively during the daytime maintain their circadian rhythms of locomotor activity regardless of their loss of blood pressure rhythms. Although these mice ate less food, they maintained body weight, suggesting inefficiencies in overall metabolism. These findings demonstrate the importance of maintaining optimal food intake patterns to prevent cardiorenal pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine I Benjamin
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Paramita Pati
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Tha Luong
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Carmen De Miguel
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klingbeil EA, Schade R, Lee SH, Kirkland R, de La Serre CB. Manipulation of feeding patterns in high fat diet fed rats improves microbiota composition dynamics, inflammation and gut-brain signaling. Physiol Behav 2024; 285:114643. [PMID: 39059597 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of high fat (HF) diets has been shown to increase meal size and meal frequency in rodents, resulting in overeating. Reducing meal frequency and establishing periods of fasting, independently of caloric intake, may improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Additionally, diet-driven changes in microbiota composition have been shown to play a critical role in the development and maintenance of metabolic disorders. In this study, we used a pair-feeding paradigm to reduce meal frequency and snacking episodes while maintaining overall intake and body weight in HF fed rats. We hypothesized that manipulation of feeding patterns would improve microbiota composition and metabolic outcomes. Male Wistar rats were placed in three groups consuming either a HF, low fat diet (LF, matched for sugar), or pair-fed HF diet for 7 weeks (n = 11-12/group). Pair-fed animals received the same amount of food consumed by the HF fed group once daily before dark onset (HF-PF). Rats underwent oral glucose tolerance and gut peptide cholecystokinin sensitivity tests. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the feces collected during both dark and light cycles and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S V4 region. Our pair-feeding paradigm reduced meal numbers, especially small meals in the inactive phase, without changing total caloric intake. This shift in feeding patterns reduced relative abundances of obesity-associated bacteria and maintained circadian fluctuations in microbial abundances. These changes were associated with improved gastrointestinal (GI) function, reduced inflammation, and improved glucose tolerance and gut to brain signaling. We concluded from these data that targeting snacking may help improve metabolic outcomes, independently of energy content of the diet and hyperphagia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Klingbeil
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - R Schade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Food Sciences, Sun Moon University, South Korea
| | - R Kirkland
- Office of Research, University of Georgia, United States
| | - C B de La Serre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye Z, Huang K, Dai X, Gao D, Gu Y, Qian J, Zhang F, Zhai Q. Light-phase time-restricted feeding disrupts the muscle clock and insulin sensitivity yet potentially induces muscle fiber remodeling in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37475. [PMID: 39328525 PMCID: PMC11425116 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in regulating systemic metabolic homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that time-restricted feeding (TRF) during the rest phase can desynchronize the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. However, the impact of dietary timing on the muscle clock and health remains poorly understood. Here, through the analysis of cycling genes and differentially expressed genes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome, we identified disruptions in muscle diurnal rhythms by 2 weeks of light-phase TRF. Furthermore, compared with ad libitum (AL) feeding mice, 2 weeks of light-phase TRF was found to induce insulin resistance, muscle fiber type remodeling, and changes in the expression of muscle growth-related genes, while both light-phase and dark-phase TRF having a limited impact on bone quality relative to AL mice. In summary, our research reveals that the disruption of the skeletal muscle clock may contribute to the abnormal metabolic phenotype resulting from feeding restricted to the inactive period. Additionally, our study provides a comprehensive omics atlas of the diurnal rhythms in skeletal muscle regulated by dietary timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Ye
- Division of Spine Surgery, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueqin Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Division of Spine Surgery, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Qiaocheng Zhai
- Division of Spine Surgery, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kędzierska-Kapuza K, Łopuszyńska I, Niewiński G, Franek E, Szczuko M. The Influence of Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Interventions on the Course of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:3216. [PMID: 39339816 PMCID: PMC11434835 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) includes autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive (ARPKD) forms, both of which are primary genetic causes of kidney disease in adults and children. ADPKD is the most common hereditary kidney disease, with a prevalence of 329 cases per million in Europe. This condition accounts for 5-15% of end-stage chronic kidney disease (ESKD) cases, and in developed countries such as Poland, 8-10% of all dialysis patients have ESKD due to ADPKD. The disease is caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, with PKD1 mutations responsible for 85% of cases, leading to a more aggressive disease course. Recent research suggests that ADPKD involves a metabolic defect contributing to cystic epithelial proliferation and cyst growth. Aim: This review explores the interplay between metabolism, obesity, and ADPKD, discussing dietary and pharmacological strategies that target these metabolic abnormalities to slow disease progression. Conclusion: Metabolic reprogramming therapies, including GLP-1 analogs and dual agonists of GIP/GLP-1 or glucagon/GLP-1 receptors, show promise, though further research is needed to understand their potential in ADPKD treatment fully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 137 Wołoska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Inga Łopuszyńska
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 137 Wołoska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Niewiński
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 137 Wołoska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Franek
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 137 Wołoska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomic, Pomeranian Medical University, 24 W. Broniewskiego St., 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morris MJ, Hasebe K, Shinde AL, Leong MKH, Billah MM, Hesam-Shariati S, Kendig MD. Time-restricted feeding does not prevent adverse effects of palatable cafeteria diet on adiposity, cognition and gut microbiota in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 134:109761. [PMID: 39251144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a popular dietary strategy whereby daily food intake is limited to a <12h window. As little is known about the effects of TRF on cognitive and behavioral measures, the present study examined the effects of time-restricted (8h/day; zeitgeber time [ZT]12-20) or continuous access to a high-fat, high-sugar cafeteria-style diet (Caf; Caf and Caf-TRF groups; n=12 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats) or standard chow (Chow and Chow-TRF groups) on short-term memory, anxiety-like behavior, adiposity and gut microbiota composition over 13-weeks with daily food intake measures. TRF significantly reduced daily energy intake in Caf- but not chow-fed groups. In Caf-fed groups, TRF reduced the proportion of energy derived from sugar while increasing that derived from protein. Caf diet significantly increased weight gain, adiposity and fasting glucose within 4 weeks; TRF partially reduced these effects. Caf diet increased anxiety-like behavior in the Elevated Plus Maze in week 3 but not week 12, and impaired hippocampal-dependent place recognition memory in week 11; neither measure was affected by TRF. Global microbiota composition differed markedly between chow and Caf groups, with a small effect of TRF in rats fed chow. In both chow and Caf diet groups, TRF reduced microbiota alpha diversity measures of Shannon diversity and evenness relative to continuous access. Results indicate only limited benefits of TRF access to an obesogenic diet under these conditions, suggesting that more severe time restriction may be required to offset adverse metabolic and cognitive effects when using highly palatable diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Hasebe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Arya L Shinde
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Michael D Kendig
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chelluboina B, Cho T, Park JS, Mehta SL, Bathula S, Jeong S, Vemuganti R. Intermittent fasting induced cerebral ischemic tolerance altered gut microbiome and increased levels of short-chain fatty acids to a beneficial phenotype. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105795. [PMID: 38908519 PMCID: PMC11296926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Preconditioning-induced cerebral ischemic tolerance is known to be a beneficial adaptation to protect the brain in an unavoidable event of stroke. We currently demonstrate that a short bout (6 weeks) of intermittent fasting (IF; 15 h fast/day) induces similar ischemic tolerance to that of a longer bout (12 weeks) in adult C57BL/6 male mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In addition, the 6 weeks IF regimen induced ischemic tolerance irrespective of age (3 months or 24 months) and sex. Mice subjected to transient MCAO following IF showed improved motor function recovery (rotarod and beam walk tests) between days 1 and 14 of reperfusion and smaller infarcts (T2-MRI) on day 1 of reperfusion compared with age/sex matched ad libitum (AL) controls. Diet influences the gut microbiome composition and stroke is known to promote gut bacterial dysbiosis. We presently show that IF promotes a beneficial phenotype of gut microbiome following transient MCAO compared with AL cohort. Furthermore, post-stroke levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are known to be neuroprotective, are higher in the fecal samples of the IF cohort compared with the AL cohort. Thus, our studies indicate the efficacy of IF in protecting the brain after stroke, irrespective of age and sex, probably by altering gut microbiome and SCFA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tony Cho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jin-Soo Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Soomin Jeong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chaix A, Lin T, Ramms B, Cutler RG, Le T, Lopez C, Miu P, Pinto AFM, Saghatelian A, Playford MP, Mehta NN, Mattson MP, Gordts P, Witztum JL, Panda S. Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces Atherosclerosis in LDLR KO Mice but Not in ApoE Knockout Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:2069-2087. [PMID: 39087348 PMCID: PMC11409897 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia increases cardiovascular disease risk, the leading cause of death worldwide. Under time-restricted feeding (TRF), wherein food intake is restricted to a consistent window of <12 hours, weight gain, glucose intolerance, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia are all reduced in mice fed an obesogenic diet. LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) mutations are a major cause of familial hypercholesterolemia and early-onset cardiovascular disease. METHODS We subjected benchmark preclinical models, mice lacking LDLR-knockout or ApoE knockout to ad libitum feeding of an isocaloric atherogenic diet either ad libitum or 9 hours TRF for up to 13 weeks and assessed disease development, mechanism, and global changes in hepatic gene expression and plasma lipids. In a regression model, a subset of LDLR-knockout mice were ad libitum fed and then subject to TRF. RESULTS TRF could significantly attenuate weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis in mice lacking the LDLR-knockout mice under experimental conditions of both prevention and regression. In LDLR-knockout mice, increased hepatic expression of genes mediating β-oxidation during fasting is associated with reduced VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) secretion and lipid accumulation. Additionally, increased sterol catabolism coupled with fecal loss of cholesterol and bile acids contributes to the atheroprotective effect of TRF. Finally, TRF alone or combined with a cholesterol-free diet can reduce atherosclerosis in LDLR-knockout mice. However, mice lacking ApoE, which is an important protein for hepatic lipoprotein reuptake do not respond to TRF. CONCLUSIONS In a preclinical animal model, TRF is effective in both the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis in LDLR knockout mice. The results suggest TRF alone or in combination with a low-cholesterol diet can be a lifestyle intervention for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Chaix
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Terry Lin
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bastian Ramms
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 92093
| | - Roy G. Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA. 21224
| | - Tiffani Le
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catherine Lopez
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phuong Miu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 92093
| | - Antonio F. M. Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin P. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA. 21224
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. 21205
| | - Philip Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 92093
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L. Witztum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 92093
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huston CA, Milan M, Vance ML, Bickel MA, Miller LR, Negri S, Hibbs C, Vaden H, Hayes L, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Tarantini S, Conley SM. The effects of time restricted feeding on age-related changes in the mouse retina. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112510. [PMID: 38964431 PMCID: PMC11425985 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Dietary modifications such as caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) have gained popularity due to their proven health benefits in aged populations. In time restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, the amount of time for food intake is regulated without restricting the caloric intake. TRF is beneficial for the central nervous system to support brain health in the context of aging. Therefore, we here ask whether TRF also exerts beneficial effects in the aged retina. We compared aged mice (24 months) on a TRF paradigm (access to food for six hours per day) for either 6 or 12 months against young control mice (8 months) and aged control mice on an ad libitum diet. We examined changes in the retina at the functional (electroretinography), structural (histology and fluorescein angiograms) and molecular (gene expression) level. TRF treatment showed amelioration of age-related reductions in both scotopic and photopic b-wave amplitudes suggesting benefits for retinal interneuron signaling. TRF did not affect age-related signs of retinal inflammation or microglial activation at either the molecular or histological level. Our data indicate that TRF helps preserve some aspects of retinal function that are decreased with aging, adding to our understanding of the health benefits that altered feeding patterns may confer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cade A Huston
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Madison Milan
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michaela L Vance
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marisa A Bickel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lauren R Miller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sharon Negri
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Clara Hibbs
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hannah Vaden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lindsay Hayes
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Shannon M Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Rijo-Ferreira F, van Rosmalen L, Izumo M, Park N, Joseph C, Hepler C, Thorne AK, Stubblefield J, Bass J, Green CB, Takahashi JS. Misaligned feeding uncouples daily rhythms within brown adipose tissue and between peripheral clocks. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114523. [PMID: 39046875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extended food consumption during the rest period perturbs the phase relationship between circadian clocks in the periphery and the brain, leading to adverse health effects. Beyond the liver, how metabolic organs respond to a timed hypocaloric diet is largely unexplored. We investigated how feeding schedules impacted circadian gene expression in epididymal white and brown adipose tissue (eWAT and BAT) compared to the liver and hypothalamus. We restricted food to either daytime or nighttime in C57BL/6J male mice, with or without caloric restriction. Unlike the liver and eWAT, rhythmic clock genes in the BAT remained insensitive to feeding time, similar to the hypothalamus. We uncovered an internal split within the BAT in response to conflicting environmental cues, displaying inverted oscillations on a subset of metabolic genes without modifying its local core circadian machinery. Integrating tissue-specific responses on circadian transcriptional networks with metabolic outcomes may help elucidate the mechanism underlying the health burden of eating at unusual times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Acosta-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| | - Filipa Rijo-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; Berkeley Public Health, Molecular Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laura van Rosmalen
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mariko Izumo
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Noheon Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Chryshanthi Joseph
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anneke K Thorne
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy Stubblefield
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; Benedictine College, Atchison, KS, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carla B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ribas-Latre A, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428601. [PMID: 39175542 PMCID: PMC11338815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining metabolic balance relies on accumulating nutrients during feeding periods and their subsequent release during fasting. In obesity and metabolic disorders, strategies aimed at reducing food intake while simulating fasting have garnered significant attention for weight loss. Caloric restriction (CR) diets and intermittent fasting (IF) interventions have emerged as effective approaches to improving cardiometabolic health. Although the comparative metabolic benefits of CR versus IF remain inconclusive, this review focuses on various forms of IF, particularly time-restricted eating (TRE). Methods This study employs a narrative review methodology, systematically collecting, synthesizing, and interpreting the existing literature on TRE and its metabolic effects. A comprehensive and unbiased search of relevant databases was conducted to identify pertinent studies, including pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials in humans. Keywords such as "Obesity," "Intermittent Fasting," "Time-restricted eating," "Chronotype," and "Circadian rhythms" guided the search. The selected studies were critically appraised based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, allowing for a thorough exploration and synthesis of current knowledge. Results This article synthesizes pre-clinical and clinical studies on TRE and its metabolic effects, providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and identifying gaps for future research. It explores the metabolic outcomes of recent clinical trials employing different TRE protocols in individuals with overweight, obesity, or type II diabetes, emphasizing the significance of individual chronotype, which is often overlooked in practice. In contrast to human studies, animal models underscore the role of the circadian clock in mitigating metabolic disturbances induced by obesity through time-restricted feeding (TRF) interventions. Consequently, we examine pre-clinical evidence supporting the interplay between the circadian clock and TRF interventions. Additionally, we provide insights into the role of the microbiota, which TRE can modulate and its influence on circadian rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang S, Wu H, Chen Q, Tang T, Li J, An H, Zhu S, Han L, Sun H, Ge J, Qian X, Wang X, Wang Q. Maternal Obesity Induces the Meiotic Defects and Epigenetic Alterations During Fetal Oocyte Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309184. [PMID: 38868907 PMCID: PMC11321662 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
It has been widely reported that obesity adversely impacts reproductive performance of females. However, the effects of maternal obesity on fetal germ cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, by employing a high-fat diet (HFD)-based mouse model, it is discovered that maternal obesity disrupts the chromosomal synapsis and homologous recombination during fetal oogenesis. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling reveales the potential molecular network controlling this process. Of note, the global hypermethylation of genomic DNA in fetal oocytes from obese mouse is detected. Importantly, time-restricted feeding (TRF) of obese mice not only ameliorate the meiotic defects, but also partly restore the epigenetic remodeling in fetal oocytes. In sum, the evidence are provided showing the deficit fetal oogenesis in obese mother, implicating a mechanism underlying the intergenerational effects of environmental insults. TRF may represent a potentially effective approach for mitigating fertility issues in obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Huihua Wu
- Suzhou Municipal HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Qiuzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Huiqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Caron JP, Ernyey H, Rosenthal MD. Can caloric restriction improve outcomes of elective surgeries? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024; 48:646-657. [PMID: 38802250 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Energy restriction (ER) is a nutrition method to reduce the amount of energy intake while maintaining adequate nutrition. In clinical medicine, applications of ER have been implicated in longevity, mortality, metabolic, immune, and psychological health. However, there are limited studies showing the clinical benefit of ER within the immediate surgical setting. A specific, clinically oriented summary of the potential applications of ER is needed to optimize surgery outcomes for patients. The purpose of this article is to examine how ER can be used for perioperative optimization to improve outcomes for the patient and surgeon. It will also explore how these outcomes can feasibly fit in with enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and can be used as a method for nutrition optimization in surgery. Despite evidence of caloric restriction improving outcomes in critically ill surgical patients, there is not enough evidence to conclude that ER, perioperatively across noncritically ill cohorts, improves postoperative morbidity and mortality in elective surgeries. Nevertheless, a contemporary account of how ER techniques may have a significant role in reducing risk factors of adverse surgical outcomes in this cohort, for example, by encouraging preoperative weight loss contributing to decreased operating times, is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Ernyey
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Correia JM, Pezarat-Correia P, Minderico C, Infante J, Mendonca GV. Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Aerobic Capacity, Body Composition, and Markers of Metabolic Health in Healthy Male Recreational Runners: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:1041-1050. [PMID: 38242204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal nutrition is highly valuable for athletes aiming at maintaining or improving body composition and sports performance. When combined with structured exercise, time-restricted energy intake may represent an effective nonpharmacological approach to achieving these results. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of time-restricted eating (TRE) vs 4 weeks of habitual diet on aerobic capacity, body composition, and metabolic health in 18- to 30-year-old men accustomed to endurance running. DESIGN This trial used a randomized-crossover study design. Participants completed graded exercise tests, body composition scans, and fasting blood samples before and after each intervention condition. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Sixteen male physical education students were recruited and enrolled in the study from the Faculty of Human Kinetics-University of Lisbon in September 2020, in Lisbon, Portugal. One participant was excluded after 1 week because of a lack of adherence to the study protocol. Therefore, 15 participants completed the study and were involved in the final analysis. INTERVENTION During the TRE condition, participants consumed two to three meals within an 8-hour eating window (between 1:00 and 9:00 pm). Only water, tea, and coffee (without caloric additives) were permitted to be consumed in the remaining 16 hours per 24-hour period. During the non-TRE condition, participants consumed their habitual diet without any timing restrictions. The order of the TRE intervention and the habitual diet condition was randomized and counterbalanced, and participants served as their own controls. The participants followed a structured training routine during each dietary condition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition variables, indices of running aerobic capacity, and markers of metabolic health were assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and covariance were performed to analyze differences between conditions and time with each intervention. RESULTS Neither condition elicited observed changes in total body mass, fat mass, or fat-free mass between time points. Moreover, no significant changes were observed for markers of metabolic health. Significant improvements were obtained with both conditions for the first ventilatory threshold, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and velocity at VO2max (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Four weeks of endurance running and TRE, compared with 4 weeks of endurance running and a habitual diet, in healthy trained 18- to 30-year-old male recreational runners did not result in observed differences in total body mass, fat mass, or fat-free mass. In addition, TRE did not offer any additional benefit for improving submaximal or peak exercise capacity in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Minderico
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Jorge Infante
- Spertlab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Goncalo V Mendonca
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Selingardi SDA, Ribeiro SMLT, Freitas SND, Pimenta FAP, Machado-Coelho GLL, Oliveira FLPD, Neto RMDN, Menezes-Júnior LAAD. Temporal patterns of food consumption and their association with cardiovascular risk in rotating shift workers. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 62:95-101. [PMID: 38901954 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the association of temporal patterns of food consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Data on food consumption was collected using a 24 h recall, applied by trained interviewers. The variables for temporal patterns of food consumption were: eating window, eating at night, number of meals and omission of breakfast. CVD-risk was measured by calculating the Framingham coronary heart disease risk score (FCRS), and classified as low risk or intermediate to high risk. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the association between variables related to temporal patterns of food consumption and CVD-risk. RESULTS The study assessed 208 workers, the majority with 20-34 years (45.1%), non-white (77.2%), and 5 years or more in shift work (76.0%). Most participants had a feeding window exceeding 12 h (63.9%), consumed meals until 10 p.m. (68.1%), had five or more meals per day (54.8%), and did not skip breakfast (86.5%). Regarding CVD-risk, 43.8% of the participants were classified with intermediate to high risk for CVD. In the multivariate model, a feeding window (OR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.01-5.35), eating after 10 p.m. (OR: 3.31; 95%CI: 1.01-11.0), and skipping breakfast (OR: 2.58; 95%CI: 1.07-6.19) increased the likelihood of intermediate to high CVD-risk. Conversely, having five or more meals per day decreased the odds (OR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.08-0.92). CONCLUSION Eating window longer than 12 h, eating after 10 p.m., less than four meals a day and omission of breakfast, are associated with cardiovascular risk in shift workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim HJ, Kwon O. Nutrition and exercise: Cornerstones of health with emphasis on obesity and type 2 diabetes management-A narrative review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13762. [PMID: 38715378 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
While a broad consensus exists that integrated nutrition and regular exercise are foundational for health maintenance and serve as a robust non-pharmacological strategy against cardiometabolic diseases, the nuanced interplay between these elements remains incompletely understood. Through multifaceted interactions, these factors profoundly influence primary metabolic organs, notably the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Despite the critical nature of this interactivity, a holistic understanding of the combined effects of physical activity and dietary practices is still emerging. This narrative review aims to elucidate the intertwined roles of nutrition and exercise. It provides a comprehensive overview of their synergistic dynamics and emphasizes the importance of a dual-focus approach in mitigating and managing cardiometabolic disorders, predominantly obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Logme Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Logme Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ozcan M, Abdellatif M, Javaheri A, Sedej S. Risks and Benefits of Intermittent Fasting for the Aging Cardiovascular System. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:1445-1457. [PMID: 38354947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Population aging and the associated increase in cardiovascular disease rates pose serious threats to global public health. Different forms of fasting have become an increasingly attractive strategy to directly address aging and potentially limit or delay the onset of cardiovascular diseases. A growing number of experimental studies and clinical trials indicate that the amount and timing of food intake as well as the daily time window during which food is consumed, are crucial determinants of cardiovascular health. Indeed, intermittent fasting counteracts the molecular hallmarks of cardiovascular aging and promotes different aspects of cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure and glycemic control, as well as body weight reduction. In this report, we summarize current evidence from randomized clinical trials of intermittent fasting on body weight and composition as well as cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, we critically discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting, but also possible detrimental effects in the context of cardiovascular aging and related disease. We delve into the physiological mechanisms through which intermittent fasting might improve cardiovascular health, and raise important factors to consider in the design of clinical trials on the efficacy of intermittent fasting to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events among aged individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease. We conclude that despite growing evidence and interest among the lay and scientific communities in the cardiovascular health-improving effects of intermittent fasting, further research efforts and appropriate caution are warranted before broadly implementing intermittent fasting regimens, especially in elderly persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mualla Ozcan
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; John J. Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vo N, Zhang Q, Sung HK. From fasting to fat reshaping: exploring the molecular pathways of intermittent fasting-induced adipose tissue remodeling. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13062. [PMID: 39104461 PMCID: PMC11298356 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, characterised by excessive fat accumulation, is a complex chronic condition that results from dysfunctional adipose tissue expansion due to prolonged calorie surplus. This leads to rapid adipocyte enlargement that exceeds the support capacity of the surrounding neurovascular network, resulting in increased hypoxia, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary regimen that cycles between periods of fasting and eating, has emerged as an effective strategy to combat obesity and improve metabolic homeostasis by promoting healthy adipose tissue remodeling. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the metabolic improvements and remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT) driven by IF remain elusive. This review aims to summarise and discuss the relationship between IF and adipose tissue remodeling and explore the potential mechanisms through which IF induces alterations in WAT. This includes several key structural changes, including angiogenesis and sympathetic innervation of WAT. We will also discuss the involvement of key signalling pathways, such as PI3K, SIRT, mTOR, and AMPK, which potentially play a crucial role in IF-mediated metabolic adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Vo
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schrader LA, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Hogenesch JB, Bradfield CA, Malecki KM. Circadian disruption, clock genes, and metabolic health. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170998. [PMID: 39007272 PMCID: PMC11245155 DOI: 10.1172/jci170998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has identified circadian-rhythm disruption as a risk factor for metabolic health. However, the underlying biological basis remains complex, and complete molecular mechanisms are unknown. There is emerging evidence from animal and human research to suggest that the expression of core circadian genes, such as circadian locomotor output cycles kaput gene (CLOCK), brain and muscle ARNT-Like 1 gene (BMAL1), period (PER), and cyptochrome (CRY), and the consequent expression of hundreds of circadian output genes are integral to the regulation of cellular metabolism. These circadian mechanisms represent potential pathophysiological pathways linking circadian disruption to adverse metabolic health outcomes, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Here, we aim to summarize select evidence from in vivo animal models and compare these results with epidemiologic research findings to advance understanding of existing foundational evidence and potential mechanistic links between circadian disruption and altered clock gene expression contributions to metabolic health-related pathologies. Findings have important implications for the treatment, prevention, and control of metabolic pathologies underlying leading causes of death and disability, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean M Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center and
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Kristen Mc Malecki
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center and
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chacon AN, Su W, Hou T, Guo Z, Gong MC. Exenatide administration time determines the effects on blood pressure dipping in db/db mice via modulation of food intake and sympathetic activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601700. [PMID: 39005289 PMCID: PMC11245019 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetics have an increased prevalence of hypertension and nondipping blood pressure (BP), which worsen cardiovascular outcomes. Exenatide, a short acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) used to treat type 2 diabetes, also demonstrates blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects. However, the mechanisms behind this and the impact of administration timing on BP dipping remain unclear. We investigated the effects of exenatide intraperitoneal injected at light onset (ZT0) or dark onset (ZT12) in diabetic (db/db) mice and nondiabetic controls. Using radio-telemetry and BioDAQ cages, we continuously monitored BP and food intake. Db/db mice exhibited non-dipping BP and increased food intake. ZT0 exenatide administration restored BP dipping by specifically lowering light-phase BP, while ZT12 exenatide reversed dipping by lowering dark-phase BP. These effects correlated with altered food intake patterns, and importantly, were abolished when food access was removed. Additionally, urinary norepinephrine excretion, measured by HPLC, was significantly reduced 6 hours post-exenatide at both ZT0 and ZT12, suggesting sympathetic nervous system involvement. Notably, combining exenatide with either ganglionic blocker mecamylamine or α-blocker prazosin did not enhance BP reduction beyond the individual effects of each blocker. These findings reveal that exenatide, when administered at light onset, restores BP dipping in db/db mice by suppressing light-phase food intake and sympathetic activity. Importantly, the efficacy of exenatide is dependent on food availability and its timing relative to circadian rhythms, highlighting the potential for chronotherapy in optimizing GLP-1RA- based treatments for type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Graphic Abstract Article Highlights Maintaining a normal blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm is vital for cardiovascular health, but diabetes often disrupts this rhythm. The effect of exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), on BP rhythm in diabetes is uncertain.This study investigates the impact of exenatide administration timing on BP patterns in diabetic db/db mice.Findings indicate that exenatide given at the onset of rest restores normal BP dipping, while at the start of the active phase worsens BP rhythm by modulating food intake and sympathetic activity.Timing GLP-1 RA administration may optimize BP control and provide cardiovascular benefits for type 2 diabetes patients.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang R, Liao Y, Deng Y, Shuang R. Unraveling the Health Benefits and Mechanisms of Time-Restricted Feeding: Beyond Caloric Restriction. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae074. [PMID: 38954563 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a lifestyle intervention that aims to maintain a consistent daily cycle of feeding and fasting to support robust circadian rhythms. Recently, it has gained scientific, medical, and public attention due to its potential to enhance body composition, extend lifespan, and improve overall health, as well as induce autophagy and alleviate symptoms of diseases like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ischemic injury. However, there is still considerable debate on the primary factors that contribute to the health benefits of TRF. Despite not imposing strict limitations on calorie intake, TRF consistently led to reductions in calorie intake. Therefore, while some studies suggest that the health benefits of TRF are primarily due to caloric restriction (CR), others argue that the key advantages of TRF arise not only from CR but also from factors like the duration of fasting, the timing of the feeding period, and alignment with circadian rhythms. To elucidate the roles and mechanisms of TRF beyond CR, this review incorporates TRF studies that did not use CR, as well as TRF studies with equivalent energy intake to CR, which addresses the previous lack of comprehensive research on TRF without CR and provides a framework for future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Wang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 43000, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 43000, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 43000, China
| | - Rong Shuang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 43000, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Allaband C, Lingaraju A, Flores Ramos S, Kumar T, Javaheri H, Tiu MD, Dantas Machado AC, Richter RA, Elijah E, Haddad GG, Leone VA, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Zarrinpar A. Time of sample collection is critical for the replicability of microbiome analyses. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1282-1293. [PMID: 38951660 PMCID: PMC11309016 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
As the microbiome field moves from descriptive and associative research to mechanistic and interventional studies, being able to account for all confounding variables in the experimental design, which includes the maternal effect1, cage effect2, facility differences3, as well as laboratory and sample handling protocols4, is critical for interpretability of results. Despite significant procedural and bioinformatic improvements, unexplained variability and lack of replicability still occur. One underexplored factor is that the microbiome is dynamic and exhibits diurnal oscillations that can change microbiome composition5-7. In this retrospective analysis of 16S amplicon sequencing studies in male mice, we show that sample collection time affects the conclusions drawn from microbiome studies and its effect size is larger than those of a daily experimental intervention or dietary changes. The timing of divergence of the microbiome composition between experimental and control groups is unique to each experiment. Sample collection times as short as only 4 hours apart can lead to vastly different conclusions. Lack of consistency in the time of sample collection may explain poor cross-study replicability in microbiome research. The impact of diurnal rhythms on the outcomes and study design of other fields is unknown but likely significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Allaband
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amulya Lingaraju
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephany Flores Ramos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tanya Kumar
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haniyeh Javaheri
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria D Tiu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - R Alexander Richter
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Elijah
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Jennifer Moreno Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martemucci G, Khalil M, Di Luca A, Abdallah H, D’Alessandro AG. Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38921462 PMCID: PMC11206163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gallage S, Ali A, Barragan Avila JE, Seymen N, Ramadori P, Joerke V, Zizmare L, Aicher D, Gopalsamy IK, Fong W, Kosla J, Focaccia E, Li X, Yousuf S, Sijmonsma T, Rahbari M, Kommoss KS, Billeter A, Prokosch S, Rothermel U, Mueller F, Hetzer J, Heide D, Schinkel B, Machauer T, Pichler B, Malek NP, Longerich T, Roth S, Rose AJ, Schwenck J, Trautwein C, Karimi MM, Heikenwalder M. A 5:2 intermittent fasting regimen ameliorates NASH and fibrosis and blunts HCC development via hepatic PPARα and PCK1. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1371-1393.e7. [PMID: 38718791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The role and molecular mechanisms of intermittent fasting (IF) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its transition to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown. Here, we identified that an IF 5:2 regimen prevents NASH development as well as ameliorates established NASH and fibrosis without affecting total calorie intake. Furthermore, the IF 5:2 regimen blunted NASH-HCC transition when applied therapeutically. The timing, length, and number of fasting cycles as well as the type of NASH diet were critical parameters determining the benefits of fasting. Combined proteome, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses identified that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and glucocorticoid-signaling-induced PCK1 act co-operatively as hepatic executors of the fasting response. In line with this, PPARα targets and PCK1 were reduced in human NASH. Notably, only fasting initiated during the active phase of mice robustly induced glucocorticoid signaling and free-fatty-acid-induced PPARα signaling. However, hepatocyte-specific glucocorticoid receptor deletion only partially abrogated the hepatic fasting response. In contrast, the combined knockdown of Ppara and Pck1 in vivo abolished the beneficial outcomes of fasting against inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, overexpression of Pck1 alone or together with Ppara in vivo lowered hepatic triglycerides and steatosis. Our data support the notion that the IF 5:2 regimen is a promising intervention against NASH and subsequent liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchira Gallage
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen.
| | - Adnan Ali
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose Efren Barragan Avila
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nogayhan Seymen
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Vera Joerke
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Aicher
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Indresh K Gopalsamy
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Winnie Fong
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Jan Kosla
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enrico Focaccia
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suhail Yousuf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd Sijmonsma
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahbari
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina S Kommoss
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Billeter
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Prokosch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rothermel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Mueller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Hetzer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danijela Heide
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schinkel
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Tim Machauer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen; Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Pathologisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam J Rose
- Nutrient Metabolism and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad M Karimi
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang J, Liu Z, Lin H, Jiao H, Zhao J, Ma B, Wang Y, He S, Wang X. Daily feeding frequency affects feed intake and body weight management of growing layers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103748. [PMID: 38670057 PMCID: PMC11068612 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding behavior on feed intake and body weight in growing layers and the underlying mechanisms, thereby providing a scientific foundation for optimal feeding practices in growing layers' management. A total of 144 Hy-line brown growing layers of 10 wk old and similar body weight, were divided into 3 treatment groups with different feeding frequency and equal cumulative daily feeding amount: the once-a-day feeding group (F1) was fed at 9:00 am every day, with feeding amount of 150 g/layer; the twice-a-day feeding group (F2) were fed at 9:00 am and 13:00 pm every day, with each feeding amount of 75 g/layer; the 4 times-a-day feeding group (F4) were fed at 9:00 am, 11:00 am, 13:00 pm, and 15:00 pm every day, with each feeding amount of 37.5 g/layer. Pre-experiment lasted for 1 wk and formal experiment lasted for 8 wk. The results indicated that the daily feed intake and body weight were decreased (P < 0.05) while feed conversion ratio was not affected (P > 0.05) as daily feeding times increased. The glandular stomach proportion was significantly increased in twice-a-day feeding group, while liver proportion and ileum length were significantly increased in 4 times-feeding group (P < 0.05). Additionally, 4 times-feeding daily resulted in a significant elevation of blood glucose levels, which may have suppressed feed intake (P < 0.05). In 4 times-feeding group, the plasma triglyceride levels increased as feeding times, accompanied by a notable up-regulation in the mRNA level of appetite-suppressing gene, hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and glandular stomach ghrelin. This modulation effectively suppressed the subsequent feed intake and body weight. Therefore, 4 times feeding daily is recommended in growing layers' management, because it reduced the feed cost without affecting the feed conversion efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zengmin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Baishun Ma
- Shandong Hemeihua Nongmu Co. Ltd., Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250102, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Sinochem Yunlong Co. Ltd., Jinsuo Industrial Zone, Xundian County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, 655204, China
| | - Shuying He
- Sinochem Yunlong Co. Ltd., Jinsuo Industrial Zone, Xundian County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, 655204, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sepúlveda B, Marín A, Burrows R, Sepúlveda A, Chamorro R. It's About Timing: Contrasting the Metabolic Effects of Early vs. Late Time-Restricted Eating in Humans. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:214-239. [PMID: 38625630 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, restricts feeding time across the day, imposing a daily 'eating window'. The time of day when the eating window occurs could result in differential metabolic effects. Here, we describe recent intervention studies in humans assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- (i.e., eating window starting in the early morning) vs. late (i.e., eating window starting after midday)-TRE protocol. RECENT FINDINGS Well-controlled studies indicate that both TRE protocols effectively reduce body weight and improve altered glucose metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation, or blood pressure levels. An early-TRE (e-TRE) might have a further positive impact on improving blood glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance. However, the studies directly assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- vs. late-TRE have shown dissimilar findings, and more well-controlled clinical trials are needed on the metabolic benefits of these two types of TRE. Evidence suggests that an e-TRE might have enhanced metabolic results, particularly regarding glucose homeostasis. More long-term studies, including larger sample sizes, are needed to assess the metabolic, circadian, and adherence benefits, together with socio-cultural acceptance of both TRE approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Sepúlveda
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Marín
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Food and Nutrition Unit, Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Sepúlveda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Chamorro
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mao Z, Cawthon PM, Kritchevsky SB, Toledo FGS, Esser KA, Erickson ML, Newman AB, Farsijani S. The association between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health among older adults: The study of muscle, mobility and aging. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14059. [PMID: 38059319 PMCID: PMC11166361 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies highlight chrononutrition's impact on body composition through circadian clock entrainment, but its effect on older adults' muscle health remains largely overlooked. To determine the associations between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health in older adults. Dietary data from 828 older adults (76 ± 5 years) recorded food/beverage amounts and their clock time over the past 24 h. Studied chrononutrition behaviors included: (1) The clock time of the first and last food/beverage intake; (2) Eating window (the time elapsed between the first and last intake); and (3) Eating frequency (Number of self-identified eating events logged with changed meal occasion and clock time). Muscle mass (D3-creatine), leg muscle volume (MRI), grip strength (hand-held dynamometer), and leg power (Keiser) were used as outcomes. We used linear regression to assess the relationships between chrononutrition and muscle health, adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, education, study site, self-reported health, energy, protein, fiber intake, weight, height, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Average eating window was 11 ± 2 h/day; first and last intake times were at 8:22 and 19:22, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, a longer eating window and a later last intake time were associated with greater muscle mass (β ± SE: 0.18 ± 0.09; 0.27 ± 0.11, respectively, p < 0.05). The longer eating window was also marginally associated with higher leg power (p = 0.058). An earlier intake time was associated with higher grip strength (-0.38 ± 0.15; p = 0.012). Chrononutrition behaviors, including longer eating window, later last intake time, and earlier first intake time were associated with better muscle mass and function in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Mao
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Aging and Population HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peggy M. Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine and the Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's PreventionWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Frederico G. S. Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Aging and Population HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Aging and Population HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sharifi S, Rostami F, Babaei Khorzoughi K, Rahmati M. Effect of time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting on cognitive function and mental health in older adults: A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102757. [PMID: 38774517 PMCID: PMC11107340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions hold promise for promoting cognitive function and mental well-being in aging populations. This systematic review aimed to examine the potential relationship between Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) and Intermittent Fasting (IFA) with cognitive function and mental health in older adults. Methods A thorough exploration was undertaken on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, up to October 2023, following PRISMA standards. The evaluation of the quality and potential bias in the incorporated articles involved the use of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Results From a total of 539 articles initially identified, eight studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Out of these eight studies, six focused on cognitive function, and 2 focused on mental health. The reviewed articles encompassed a wide range of population sizes, with the number of older adults studied varying from 10 to 1357, reflecting a diverse cohort of individuals. Conclusions.The findings suggest that TRE and IFA may have a positive impact on cognitive function and mental health in this population. However, additional research is needed to fully comprehend this relationship. Therefore, future research should specifically examine factors such as the duration and timing of the eating window in TRE, as well as the physical condition of older adults, to provide a more nuanced understanding of the cognitive and mental health benefits of TRE and IFA in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sharifi
- Department of Geriatric and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostami
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kimia Babaei Khorzoughi
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahmati
- Department of Geriatric and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
González-Suárez M, Aguilar-Arnal L. Histone methylation: at the crossroad between circadian rhythms in transcription and metabolism. Front Genet 2024; 15:1343030. [PMID: 38818037 PMCID: PMC11137191 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1343030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, essential 24-hour cycles guiding biological functions, synchronize organisms with daily environmental changes. These rhythms, which are evolutionarily conserved, govern key processes like feeding, sleep, metabolism, body temperature, and endocrine secretion. The central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), orchestrates a hierarchical network, synchronizing subsidiary peripheral clocks. At the cellular level, circadian expression involves transcription factors and epigenetic remodelers, with environmental signals contributing flexibility. Circadian disruption links to diverse diseases, emphasizing the urgency to comprehend the underlying mechanisms. This review explores the communication between the environment and chromatin, focusing on histone post-translational modifications. Special attention is given to the significance of histone methylation in circadian rhythms and metabolic control, highlighting its potential role as a crucial link between metabolism and circadian rhythms. Understanding these molecular intricacies holds promise for preventing and treating complex diseases associated with circadian disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chebib FT, Nowak KL, Chonchol MB, Bing K, Ghanem A, Rahbari-Oskoui FF, Dahl NK, Mrug M. Polycystic Kidney Disease Diet: What is Known and What is Safe. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:664-682. [PMID: 37729939 PMCID: PMC11108253 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by kidney cyst formation and progressive kidney function loss. Dietary interventions such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and ketogenic diet have recently emerged as potential strategies to induce metabolic reprogramming and slow ADPKD progression. We review the available evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of these interventions in ADPKD. Dietary interventions show promise in managing ADPKD by improving metabolic health and reducing oxidative stress. However, while preclinical studies have shown favorable outcomes, limited clinical evidence supports their effectiveness. In addition, the long-term consequences of these dietary interventions, including their effect on adverse events in patients with ADPKD, remain uncertain. To optimize ADPKD management, patients are advised to follow a dietary regimen that aims to achieve or maintain an ideal body weight and includes high fluid intake, low sodium, and limited concentrated sweets. Caloric restriction seems particularly beneficial for patients with overweight or obesity because it promotes weight loss and improves metabolic parameters. Supplementation with curcumin, ginkgolide B, saponins, vitamin E, niacinamide, or triptolide has demonstrated uncertain clinical benefit in patients with ADPKD. Notably, β -hydroxybutyrate supplements have shown promise in animal models; however, their safety and efficacy in ADPKD require further evaluation through well-designed clinical trials. Therefore, the use of these supplements is not currently recommended for patients with ADPKD. In summary, dietary interventions such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and ketogenic diet hold promise in ADPKD management by enhancing metabolic health. However, extensive clinical research is necessary to establish their effectiveness and long-term effects. Adhering to personalized dietary guidelines, including weight management and specific nutritional restrictions, can contribute to optimal ADPKD management. Future research should prioritize well-designed clinical trials to determine the benefits and safety of dietary interventions and supplementation in ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad T. Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Kristen L. Nowak
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Polycystic Kidney Disease Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michel B. Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Polycystic Kidney Disease Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen Bing
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ahmad Ghanem
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Neera K. Dahl
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michal Mrug
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maruthur NM, Pilla SJ, White K, Wu B, Maw MTT, Duan D, Turkson-Ocran RA, Zhao D, Charleston J, Peterson CM, Dougherty RJ, Schrack JA, Appel LJ, Guallar E, Clark JM. Effect of Isocaloric, Time-Restricted Eating on Body Weight in Adults With Obesity : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:549-558. [PMID: 38639542 DOI: 10.7326/m23-3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) lowers body weight in many studies. Whether TRE induces weight loss independent of reductions in calorie intake, as seen in rodent studies, is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of TRE versus a usual eating pattern (UEP) on body weight in the setting of stable caloric intake. DESIGN Randomized, isocaloric feeding study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03527368). SETTING Clinical research unit. PARTICIPANTS Adults with obesity and prediabetes or diet-controlled diabetes. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to TRE (10-hour eating window, 80% of calories before 1 p.m.) or UEP (≤16-hour window, ≥50% of calories after 5 p.m.) for 12 weeks. Both groups had the same nutrient content and were isocaloric with total calories determined at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome was change in body weight at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose area under the curve by oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated albumin. We used linear mixed models to evaluate the effect of interventions on outcomes. RESULTS All 41 randomly assigned participants (mean age, 59 years; 93% women; 93% Black race; mean BMI, 36 kg/m2) completed the intervention. Baseline weight was 95.6 kg (95% CI, 89.6 to 101.6 kg) in the TRE group and 103.7 kg (CI, 95.3 to 112.0 kg) in the UEP group. At 12 weeks, weight decreased by 2.3 kg (CI, 1.0 to 3.5 kg) in the TRE group and by 2.6 kg (CI, 1.5 to 3.7 kg) in the UEP group (average difference TRE vs. UEP, 0.3 kg [CI, -1.2 to 1.9 kg]). Change in glycemic measures did not differ between groups. LIMITATION Small, single-site study; baseline differences in weight by group. CONCLUSION In the setting of isocaloric eating, TRE did not decrease weight or improve glucose homeostasis relative to a UEP, suggesting that any effects of TRE on weight in prior studies may be due to reductions in caloric intake. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE American Heart Association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisa M Maruthur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (N.M.M., L.J.A., E.G., J.M.C.)
| | - Scott J Pilla
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.J.P.)
| | - Karen White
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (K.W.)
| | - Beiwen Wu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.)
| | - May Thu Thu Maw
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Capital Region Medical Center, Largo, Maryland (M.T.T.M.)
| | - Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (D.D.)
| | - Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.-A.T.)
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (D.Z.)
| | - Jeanne Charleston
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C.)
| | - Courtney M Peterson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.M.P.)
| | - Ryan J Dougherty
- Center on Aging & Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (R.J.D.)
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore; and Center on Aging & Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.A.S.)
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (N.M.M., L.J.A., E.G., J.M.C.)
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (N.M.M., L.J.A., E.G., J.M.C.)
| | - Jeanne M Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (N.M.M., L.J.A., E.G., J.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marhefkova N, Sládek M, Sumová A, Dubsky M. Circadian dysfunction and cardio-metabolic disorders in humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1328139. [PMID: 38742195 PMCID: PMC11089151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1328139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The topic of human circadian rhythms is not only attracting the attention of clinical researchers from various fields but also sparking a growing public interest. The circadian system comprises the central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the peripheral clocks in various tissues that are interconnected; together they coordinate many daily activities, including sleep and wakefulness, physical activity, food intake, glucose sensitivity and cardiovascular functions. Disruption of circadian regulation seems to be associated with metabolic disorders (particularly impaired glucose tolerance) and cardiovascular disease. Previous clinical trials revealed that disturbance of the circadian system, specifically due to shift work, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review is intended to provide clinicians who wish to implement knowledge of circadian disruption in diagnosis and strategies to avoid cardio-metabolic disease with a general overview of this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marhefkova
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Sládek
- Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Sumová
- Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Dubsky
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang P, Liu N, Xue M, Zhang M, Xiao Z, Xu C, Fan Y, Qiu J, Zhang Q, Zhou Y. β-Sitosterol Reduces the Content of Triglyceride and Cholesterol in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Model. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1289. [PMID: 38731293 PMCID: PMC11083524 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with hyperlipidemia, which is closely related to high levels of sugar and fat. β-sitosterol is a natural product with significant hypolipidemic and cholesterol-lowering effects. However, the underlying mechanism of its action on aquatic products is not completely understood. METHODS A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD zebrafish model was successfully established, and the anti-hyperlipidemic effect and potential mechanism of β-sitosterol were studied using oil red O staining, filipin staining, and lipid metabolomics. RESULTS β-sitosterol significantly reduced the accumulation of triglyceride, glucose, and cholesterol in the zebrafish model. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that differential lipid molecules in β-sitosterol mainly regulated the lipid metabolism and signal transduction function of the zebrafish model. β-sitosterol mainly affected steroid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis in the zebrafish model. Compared with the HFD group, the addition of 500 mg/100 g of β-sitosterol significantly inhibited the expression of Ppar-γ and Rxr-α in the zebrafish model by at least 50% and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS β-sitosterol can reduce lipid accumulation in the zebrafish model of NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and signal transduction and inhibiting adipogenesis and lipid storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Naicheng Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zidong Xiao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (P.Z.); (N.L.); (M.X.); (M.Z.); (Z.X.); (C.X.); (Y.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pye C, Parr EB, Flint SA, Devlin BL. Exploring Australian Dietitians' knowledge, experience and perspectives of time-restricted eating in private practice: A qualitative study. Clin Obes 2024:e12671. [PMID: 38661018 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted eating is a novel nutrition intervention with evidence of beneficial effects on weight loss, blood glucose management, and other metabolic health outcomes. Adherence to time-restricted eating is higher than some traditional nutrition interventions to support individuals living with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there may be an evidence-practice gap of time-restricted eating in Australian dietetic practice. The present study aimed to explore dietitians' knowledge, experiences, and perspectives of time-restricted eating and timing of eating advice in practice. Semi-structured interviews with 10 private practice dietitians across Australia were conducted. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed thematically. Six themes were identified: (i) distinction of time-restricted eating to other fasting protocols; (ii) knowledge of health benefits of time-restricted eating; (iii) patient-led advice frequently given: timing of breakfast and dinner; (iv) dietitian-led advice frequently given: eating cut-off time to avoid late night snacking; (v) barriers and facilitators to offering time-restricted eating or timing of eating advice; (vi) timing of eating advice within professional guidelines and resources. These findings suggest the need for development of professional resources and educational development tools for dietitians on time-restricted eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Pye
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Evelyn B Parr
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve A Flint
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke L Devlin
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elhessy HM, Berika M, Salem YG, El-Desoky MM, Eldesoqui M, Mostafa N, Habotta OA, Lashine NH. Therapeutic effects of intermittent fasting on high-fat, high-fructose diet; involvement of jejunal aquaporin 1, 3, and 7. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28436. [PMID: 38560252 PMCID: PMC10979098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channel proteins. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1), Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) are expressed in the jejunum. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) and intermittent fasting (IF) affect AQP1, AQP3, and AQP7 expression in the rat jejunum. Methods Sixteen adult male rats were divided into control rats (n = 4) fed on a basal diet and water ad libitum for 12 weeks; IF control rats (n = 4) followed the IF protocol, HFFD-fed rats (n = 8) fed HFFD for eight weeks, and rats were randomized into two groups: HFFD only or HFFD and IF protocol from the beginning of the 9th week until the end of the experiment. The lipid profile values were assessed after 12 weeks. Jejunal oxidative markers (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione) and AQP1, AQP3, and AQP7 mRNA expression were measured. Jejunal sections were used for morphometric analysis of villus length and crypt depth. Immunohistochemical evaluation of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP7 expression was also performed. Results IF ameliorates HFFD-induced lipid profile, oxidative stress, and jejunal morphometric changes. The results of both mRNA expression using PCR and immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in AQP1, AQP3, and AQP7 expression in HFFD, whereas IF caused a decline in this expression. Conclusion These findings suggest that IF can reduce inflammation, and oxidative stress and restore jejunal morphology caused by HFFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Elhessy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Berika
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassmin G. Salem
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Manal M. El-Desoky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, 13713, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ola A. Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nermeen H. Lashine
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Strilbytska O, Klishch S, Storey KB, Koliada A, Lushchak O. Intermittent fasting and longevity: From animal models to implication for humans. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102274. [PMID: 38499159 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF) and its numerous modifications have been increasingly suggested as a promising therapy for age-related problems and a non-pharmacological strategy to extend lifespan. Despite the great variability in feeding schedules that we describe in the current work, underlying physiological processes are the same and include a periodic switch from glucose metabolism (generated by glycogenolysis) to fatty acids and fatty acid-derived ketones. Many of the beneficial effects of IF appear to be mediated by optimization of energy utilization. Findings to date from both human and animal experiments indicate that fasting improves physiological function, enhances performance, and slows aging and disease processes. In this review, we discuss some of the remarkable discoveries about the beneficial effects of IF on metabolism, endocrine and cardiovascular systems, cancer prevention, brain health, neurodegeneration and aging. Experimental studies on rodent models and human investigations are summarized to compare the outcomes and underlying mechanisms of IF. Metabolic and cellular responses triggered by IF could help to achieve the aim of preventing disease, and maximizing healthspan and longevity with minimal side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olha Strilbytska
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenka 57, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Klishch
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenka 57, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ontario, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Alexander Koliada
- D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, 67 Vyshgorodska str., Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenka 57, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
van Rosmalen L, Deota S, Maier G, Le HD, Lin T, Ramasamy RK, Hut RA, Panda S. Energy balance drives diurnal and nocturnal brain transcriptome rhythms. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113951. [PMID: 38508192 PMCID: PMC11330649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in daily timing of activity has been observed in many species, yet the underlying mechanisms driving nocturnality and diurnality are unknown. By regulating how much wheel-running activity will be rewarded with a food pellet, we can manipulate energy balance and switch mice to be nocturnal or diurnal. Here, we present the rhythmic transcriptome of 21 tissues, including 17 brain regions, sampled every 4 h over a 24-h period from nocturnal and diurnal male CBA/CaJ mice. Rhythmic gene expression across tissues comprised different sets of genes with minimal overlap between nocturnal and diurnal mice. We show that non-clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) change, and the habenula was most affected. Our results indicate that adaptive flexibility in daily timing of behavior is supported by gene expression dynamics in many tissues and brain regions, especially in the habenula, which suggests a crucial role for the observed nocturnal-diurnal switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Rosmalen
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shaunak Deota
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Geraldine Maier
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiep D Le
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Terry Lin
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ramasamy
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lu CF, Cang XM, Liu WS, Wang LH, Huang HY, Wang XQ, Zhao LH, Xu F. A late eating midpoint is associated with increased risk of diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2013-2020. Nutr J 2024; 23:39. [PMID: 38520010 PMCID: PMC10960429 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifying diet is crucial for diabetes and complication management. Numerous studies have shown that adjusting eating habits to align with the circadian rhythm may positively affect metabolic health. However, eating midpoint, eating duration, and their associations with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are poorly understood. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2020) was examined for information on diabetes and dietary habits. From the beginning and ending times of each meal, we calculated the eating midpoint and eating duration. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were the specific diagnostic criteria for DKD. RESULTS In total, details of 2194 subjects with diabetes were collected for analysis. The overall population were divided into four subgroups based on the eating midpoint quartiles. The prevalence of DKD varied noticeably (P = 0.037) across the four categories. When comparing subjects in the second and fourth quartiles of eating midpoint to those in the first one, the odds ratios (ORs) of DKD were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.67) and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.70), respectively. And after controlling for potential confounders, the corresponding ORs of DKD in the second and fourth quartiles were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.90) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.85), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A strong correlation was found between an earlier eating midpoint and a reduced incidence of DKD. Eating early in the day may potentially improve renal outcomes in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiao-Min Cang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wang-Shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee DJ, O'Donnell EK, Raje N, Panaroni C, Redd R, Ligibel J, Sears DD, Nadeem O, Ghobrial IM, Marinac CR. Design and Rationale of Prolonged Nightly Fasting for Multiple Myeloma Prevention (PROFAST): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51368. [PMID: 38466984 DOI: 10.2196/51368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an established, modifiable risk factor of multiple myeloma (MM); yet, no lifestyle interventions are routinely recommended for patients with overweight or obesity with MM precursor conditions. Prolonged nightly fasting is a simple, practical dietary regimen supported by research, suggesting that the synchronization of feeding-fasting timing with sleep-wake cycles favorably affects metabolic pathways implicated in MM. We describe the design and rationale of a randomized controlled pilot trial evaluating the efficacy of a regular, prolonged nighttime fasting schedule among individuals with overweight or obesity at high risk for developing MM or a related lymphoid malignancy. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the effects of 4-month prolonged nightly fasting on body composition and tumor biomarkers among individuals with overweight or obesity with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), or smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia (SWM). METHODS Individuals with MGUS, SMM, or SWM aged ≥18 years and a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 are randomized to either a 14-hour nighttime fasting intervention or a healthy lifestyle education control group. Participants' baseline diet and lifestyle patterns are characterized through two 24-hour dietary recalls: questionnaires querying demographic, comorbidity, lifestyle, and quality-of-life information; and wrist actigraphy measurements for 7 days. Fasting intervention participants are supported through one-on-one telephone counseling by a health coach and automated SMS text messaging to support fasting goals. Primary end points of body composition, including visceral and subcutaneous fat (by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry); bone marrow adiposity (by bone marrow histology); and tumor biomarkers, specifically M-proteins and serum free light-chain concentrations (by gel-based and serum free light-chain assays), are assessed at baseline and after the 4-month study period; changes therein from baseline are evaluated using a repeated measures mixed-effects model that accounts for the correlation between baseline and follow-up measures and is generally robust to missing data. Feasibility is assessed as participant retention (percent dropout in each arm) and percentage of days participants achieved a ≥14-hour fast. RESULTS The PROlonged nightly FASTing (PROFAST) study was funded in June 2022. Participant recruitment commenced in April 2023. As of July 2023, six participants consented to the study. The study is expected to be completed by April 2024, and data analysis and results are expected to be published in the first quarter of 2025. CONCLUSIONS PROFAST serves as an important first step in exploring the premise that prolonged nightly fasting is a strategy to control obesity and obesity-related mechanisms of myelomagenesis. In evaluating the feasibility and impact of prolonged nightly fasting on body composition, bone marrow adipose tissue, and biomarkers of tumor burden, this pilot study may generate hypotheses regarding metabolic mechanisms underlying MM development and ultimately inform clinical and public health strategies for MM prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05565638; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05565638. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51368.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth K O'Donnell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Noopur Raje
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Redd
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Ligibel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Omar Nadeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catherine R Marinac
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Early Detection and Interception of Blood Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Crispim CA, Rinaldi AEM, Azeredo CM, Skene DJ, Moreno CRC. Is time of eating associated with BMI and obesity? A population-based study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:527-537. [PMID: 38082033 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time-related eating patterns have been associated with metabolic and nutritional diseases such as obesity. However, there is a lack of representative studies on this subject. This study's aim was to assess the association between the timing of eating and obesity in a large and representative sample of the Brazilian adult population (POF 2008-2009 survey). METHODS Two days of adults' food diary (n = 21,020) were used to estimate tertiles of first and last meal intake times, eating midpoint, caloric midpoint time, and calories consumed from 18:00 h onwards. BMI was estimated and its values, as well as excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were used as outcomes. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS The first (β = 0.65, 95% CI 0.37-0.93) and last food intake time (β = 0.40, 95% CI 0.14-0.66), eating midpoint (β = 0.61, 95% CI 0.34-0.88) and calories consumed after 21:00 h (β = 0.74, 95% CI 0.32-1.16) and 22:00 h (β = 0.75, 95% CI 0.18-1.32) were positively associated with BMI. The likelihood of having excess weight or obesity was significantly higher in the third tertile of the first food intake time (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.45 and OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.13-1.58, respectively), last food intake time (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.32; and OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.41, respectively), eating midpoint (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.45; and OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.59, respectively) and energy consumption after 21:00 h (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.10-1.59). CONCLUSION Chrononutrition meal patterns indicative of late meal intake were significantly associated with high BMI, excess weight and obesity in the Brazilian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cibele A Crispim
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil.
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
| | - Ana E M Rinaldi
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Catarina M Azeredo
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Claudia R C Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Raza GS, Kaya Y, Stenbäck V, Sharma R, Sodum N, Mutt SJ, Gagnon DD, Tulppo M, Järvelin MR, Herzig KH, Mäkelä KA. Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Time-Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Markers and Circadian Rhythm in Mice Fed with the High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300465. [PMID: 38389173 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Diet and exercise are significant players in obesity and metabolic diseases. Time-restricted feeding (tRF) has been shown to improve metabolic responses by regulating circadian clocks but whether it acts synergically with exercise remains unknown. It is hypothesized that forced exercise alone or combined with tRF alleviates obesity and its metabolic complications. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57bl6 mice are fed with high-fat or a control diet for 12 weeks either ad libitum or tRF for 10 h during their active period. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are divided into exercise (treadmill for 1 h at 12 m min-1 alternate days for 9 weeks and 16 m min-1 daily for the following 3 weeks) and non-exercise groups. tRF and tRF-Ex significantly decreased body weight, food intake, and plasma lipids, and improved glucose tolerance. However, exercise reduced only body weight and plasma lipids. tRF and tRF-Ex significantly downregulated Fasn, Hmgcr, and Srebp1c, while exercise only Hmgcr. HFD feeding disrupted clock genes, but exercise, tRF, and tRF-Ex coordinated the circadian clock genes Bmal1, Per2, and Rev-Erbα in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles. CONCLUSION HFD feeding disrupted clock genes in the peripheral organs while exercise, tRF, and their combination restored clock genes and improved metabolic consequences induced by high-fat diet feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Yağmur Kaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul, 34406, Turkey
| | - Ville Stenbäck
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Ravikant Sharma
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Nalini Sodum
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75123, Sweden
| | - Dominique D Gagnon
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Mäkelänkatu, Helsinki, 00550, Finland
| | - Mikko Tulppo
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Institute, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-572, Poland
| | - Kari A Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Regmi P, Young M, Minigo G, Milic N, Gyawali P. Photoperiod and metabolic health: evidence, mechanism, and implications. Metabolism 2024; 152:155770. [PMID: 38160935 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are evolutionarily programmed biological rhythms that are primarily entrained by the light cycle. Disruption of circadian rhythms is an important risk factor for several metabolic disorders. Photoperiod is defined as total duration of light exposure in a day. With the extended use of indoor/outdoor light, smartphones, television, computers, and social jetlag people are exposed to excessive artificial light at night increasing their photoperiod. Importantly long photoperiod is not limited to any geographical region, season, age, or socioeconomic group, it is pervasive. Long photoperiod is an established disrupter of the circadian rhythm and can induce a range of chronic health conditions including adiposity, altered hormonal signaling and metabolism, premature ageing, and poor psychological health. This review discusses the impact of exposure to long photoperiod on circadian rhythms, metabolic and mental health, hormonal signaling, and ageing and provides a perspective on possible preventive and therapeutic approaches for this pervasive challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Regmi
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Australia.
| | - Morag Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia
| | | | - Natalie Milic
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - Prajwal Gyawali
- Centre of Health Research and School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Habiby M, Ezati P, Soltanian D, Rahehagh R, Hosseini F. Comparison of three methods of intermittent fasting in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25708. [PMID: 38390147 PMCID: PMC10881537 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intermittent fasting (IF), describes a variety of diets that the individual is exposed to intermittent periods of fasting and refeeding. The present study was designed to compare the three most popular intermittent fasting methods in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Methods 50 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into Normal Control (CN), High-Fat Control (CH), IF1 (Alternate Day Fasting), IF2 (Time-Restricted Feeding), IF3 (5:2 Diet) diets. In the first phase of the study, the mice were fed ad libitum either with a 54% Calorie high-fat (CH, IF1, IF2, IF3) or standard CHOW (CN) for 8 weeks. Then, in the intervention phase, the IF groups were fasted for four weeks based on their fasting protocol. At the end of the study, the mice fasting blood, liver and fat tissue samples were biochemically and pathologically assessed. Results The weight loss during the fasting period in IF1 and IF2 groups was significantly greater than CH. The epididymal fat pad weight was significantly lower in IF2 and IF3 compared to CH. The serum Triglyceride was significantly greater in CH than in the CN group. The tissue injury scores of the high-fat-diet groups were significantly greater than CN. Also, the tissue injury score was greater in IF1 group compared to the high-fat control group. Conclusion All of the fasting protocols can prompt acceptable energy restriction and the ADF and TRF protocols can significantly cause weight loss. Also, the TRF and 5:2 Diets can lower the visceral adiposity. However further human studies focusing on dietary adherence seem necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Habiby
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Pourya Ezati
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Danial Soltanian
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ramesh Rahehagh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Foruzan Hosseini
- Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chang Y, Du T, Zhuang X, Ma G. Time-restricted eating improves health because of energy deficit and circadian rhythm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2024; 27:109000. [PMID: 38357669 PMCID: PMC10865403 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is an effective way to lose weight and improve metabolic health in animals. Yet whether and how these benefits apply to humans is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of TRE in people with overweight and obesity statuses. The results showed that TRE led to modest weight loss, lower waist circumference and energy deficits. TRE also improved body mass index, fat mass, lean body mass, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, fasting insulin levels, and HbA1c%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated more health improvements in the TRE group than the control group under the ad libitum intake condition than in the energy-prescribed condition. Eating time-of-day advantages were only seen when there was considerable energy reduction in the TRE group than the control group (ad libitum condition), implying that the benefits of TRE were primarily due to energy deficit, followed by alignment with eating time of day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Zhuang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Guojie Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang Z, Zarbl H, Guo GL. Circadian Regulation of Endocrine Fibroblast Growth Factors on Systemic Energy Metabolism. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:179-193. [PMID: 38238100 PMCID: PMC10877735 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous biochemical timing system that coordinates the physiology and behavior of organisms to earth's ∼24-hour circadian day/night cycle. The central circadian clock synchronized by environmental cues hierarchically entrains peripheral clocks throughout the body. The circadian system modulates a wide variety of metabolic signaling pathways to maintain whole-body metabolic homeostasis in mammals under changing environmental conditions. Endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), namely FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23, play an important role in regulating systemic metabolism of bile acids, lipids, glucose, proteins, and minerals. Recent evidence indicates that endocrine FGFs function as nutrient sensors that mediate multifactorial interactions between peripheral clocks and energy homeostasis by regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes and hormones. Circadian disruption induced by environmental stressors or genetic ablation is associated with metabolic dysfunction and diurnal disturbances in FGF signaling pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Time-restricted feeding strengthens the circadian pattern of metabolic signals to improve metabolic health and prevent against metabolic diseases. Chronotherapy, the strategic timing of medication administration to maximize beneficial effects and minimize toxic effects, can provide novel insights into linking biologic rhythms to drug metabolism and toxicity within the therapeutical regimens of diseases. Here we review the circadian regulation of endocrine FGF signaling in whole-body metabolism and the potential effect of circadian dysfunction on the pathogenesis and development of metabolic diseases. We also discuss the potential of chrononutrition and chronotherapy for informing the development of timing interventions with endocrine FGFs to optimize whole-body metabolism in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The circadian timing system governs physiological, metabolic, and behavioral functions in living organisms. The endocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family (FGF15/19, FGF21, and FGF23) plays an important role in regulating energy and mineral metabolism. Endocrine FGFs function as nutrient sensors that mediate multifactorial interactions between circadian clocks and metabolic homeostasis. Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms increases the risk of metabolic diseases. Chronological interventions such as chrononutrition and chronotherapy provide insights into linking biological rhythms to disease prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Z.Y., G.L.G.), Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (Z.Y., H.Z., G.L.G.), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Justice, School of Public Health (H.Z.), Rutgers Center for Lipid Research (G.L.G.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Z.Y., G.L.G.), Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (Z.Y., H.Z., G.L.G.), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Justice, School of Public Health (H.Z.), Rutgers Center for Lipid Research (G.L.G.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Z.Y., G.L.G.), Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (Z.Y., H.Z., G.L.G.), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Justice, School of Public Health (H.Z.), Rutgers Center for Lipid Research (G.L.G.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yan L, Rust BM, Palmer DG. Time-restricted feeding restores metabolic flexibility in adult mice with excess adiposity. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1340735. [PMID: 38425486 PMCID: PMC10902009 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1340735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is prevalent with the adult population in the United States. Energy-dense diets and erratic eating behavior contribute to obesity. Time-restricted eating is a dietary strategy in humans that has been advanced to reduce the propensity for obesity. We hypothesized that time-restricted feeding (TRF) would improve metabolic flexibility and normalize metabolic function in adult mice with established excess adiposity. Methods Male C57BL/6NHsd mice were initially fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish excess body adiposity, while control mice were fed a normal diet. Then, the HFD-fed mice were assigned to two groups, either ad libitum HFD or TRF of the HFD in the dark phase (12 h) for another 12 weeks. Results and discussion Energy intake and body fat mass were similar in TRF and HFD-fed mice. TRF restored rhythmic oscillations of respiratory exchange ratio (RER), which had been flattened by the HFD, with greater RER amplitude in the dark phase. Insulin sensitivity was improved and plasma cholesterol and hepatic triacylglycerol were decreased by TRF. When compared to HFD, TRF decreased transcription of circadian genes Per1 and Per2 and genes encoding lipid metabolism (Acaca, Fads1, Fads2, Fasn, Scd1, and Srebf1) in liver. Metabolomic analysis showed that TRF created a profile that was distinct from those of mice fed the control diet or HFD, particularly in altered amino acid profiles. These included aminoacyl-tRNA-biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, TRF improved metabolic function in adult mice with excess adiposity. This improvement was not through a reduction in body fat mass but through the restoration of metabolic flexibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Williams AS, Crown SB, Lyons SP, Koves TR, Wilson RJ, Johnson JM, Slentz DH, Kelly DP, Grimsrud PA, Zhang GF, Muoio DM. Ketone flux through BDH1 supports metabolic remodeling of skeletal and cardiac muscles in response to intermittent time-restricted feeding. Cell Metab 2024; 36:422-437.e8. [PMID: 38325337 PMCID: PMC10961007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has gained attention as a dietary regimen that promotes metabolic health. This study questioned if the health benefits of an intermittent TRF (iTRF) schedule require ketone flux specifically in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Notably, we found that the ketolytic enzyme beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) is uniquely enriched in isolated mitochondria derived from heart and red/oxidative skeletal muscles, which also have high capacity for fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Using mice with BDH1 deficiency in striated muscles, we discover that this enzyme optimizes FAO efficiency and exercise tolerance during acute fasting. Additionally, iTRF leads to robust molecular remodeling of muscle tissues, and muscle BDH1 flux does indeed play an essential role in conferring the full adaptive benefits of this regimen, including increased lean mass, mitochondrial hormesis, and metabolic rerouting of pyruvate. In sum, ketone flux enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics and supports iTRF-induced remodeling of skeletal muscle and heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Williams
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Scott B Crown
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Scott P Lyons
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wilson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jordan M Johnson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dorothy H Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang C, Peng M, Gao Z, Han Q, Fu F, Li G, Su D, Huang L, Guo J, Shan Y. Untargeted Metabolomic Analyses and Antilipidemic Effects of Citrus Physiological Premature Fruit Drop. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1876. [PMID: 38339154 PMCID: PMC10855584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasingly globally prevalent obesity and related metabolic disorders have underscored the demand for safe and natural therapeutic approaches, given the limitations of weight loss drugs and surgeries. This study compared the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of five different varieties of citrus physiological premature fruit drop (CPFD). Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify variations in metabolites among different CPFDs, and their antilipidemic effects in vitro were assessed. The results showed that Citrus aurantium L. 'Daidai' physiological premature fruit drop (DDPD) and Citrus aurantium 'Changshan-huyou' physiological premature fruit drop (HYPD) exhibited higher levels of phytochemicals and stronger antioxidant activity. There were 97 differential metabolites identified in DDPD and HYPD, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, terpenes, and lipids. Additionally, DDPD and HYPD demonstrated potential antilipidemic effects against oleic acid (OA)-induced steatosis in HepG2 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, our findings reveal the outstanding antioxidant activity and antilipidemic effects of CPFD, indicating its potential use as a natural antioxidant and health supplement and promoting the high-value utilization of this resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mingfang Peng
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qi Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fuhua Fu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Donglin Su
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lvhong Huang
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiajing Guo
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zaman A, Grau L, Jeffers R, Steinke S, Catenacci VA, Cornier M, Rynders CA, Thomas EA. The effects of early time restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction compared to daily caloric restriction alone on continuous glucose levels. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e702. [PMID: 38264001 PMCID: PMC10804344 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The median eating duration in the U.S. is 14.75 h, spread throughout the period of wakefulness and ending before sleep. Food intake at an inappropriate circadian time may lead to adverse metabolic outcomes. Emerging literature suggests that time restricted eating (TRE) may improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The aim was to compare 24-h glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity in participants after completing 12 weeks of a behavioral weight loss intervention based on early TRE plus daily caloric restriction (E-TRE+DCR) or DCR alone. Methods Eighty-one adults with overweight or obesity (age 18-50 years, BMI 25-45 kg/m2) were randomized to either E-TRE+DCR or DCR alone. Each participant wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) for 7 days and insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at Baseline and Week 12. Changes in CGM-derived measures and HOMA-IR from Baseline to Week 12 were assessed within and between groups using random intercept mixed models. Results Forty-four participants had valid CGM data at both time points, while 38 had valid glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) data at both timepoints. There were no significant differences in sex, age, BMI, or the percentage of participants with prediabetes between the groups (28% female, age 39.2 ± 6.9 years, BMI 33.8 ± 5.7 kg/m2, 16% with prediabetes). After adjusting for weight, there were no between-group differences in changes in overall average sensor glucose, standard deviation of glucose levels, the coefficient of variation of glucose levels, daytime or nighttime average sensor glucose, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, or A1c. However, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions changed differently over time between the two groups, with a greater reduction found in the DCR as compared to E-TRE+DCR (p = 0.03). Conclusion There were no major differences between E-TRE+DCR and DCR groups in continuous glucose profiles or insulin sensitivity 12 weeks after the intervention. Because the study sample included participants with normal baseline mean glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity, the ability to detect changes in these outcomes may have been limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnin Zaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Laura Grau
- Department of Biostatistics and InformaticsColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rebecca Jeffers
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Sheila Steinke
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Marc‐Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesDepartment of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans AdministrationAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Corey A. Rynders
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans AdministrationAuroraColoradoUSA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Verde L, Di Lorenzo T, Savastano S, Colao A, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G. Chrononutrition in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: A narrative review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3778. [PMID: 38363031 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chrononutrition is a nutritional regimen that follows our biological clock, marked by the changes in metabolism that occur during the day. This regimen includes the distribution of energy, the regularity and frequency of meals, and the importance of these factors for metabolic health. A growing body of animal and human evidence indicates that the timing of food intake throughout the day can have a significant and beneficial impact on the metabolic health and well-being of individuals. In particular, both the timing and frequency of meals have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Today's busy lifestyle makes many people skip breakfast and eat late at night. Eating late at night has been shown to cause a circadian misalignment, with the latter having a negative impact on weight control and glucose metabolism. Additionally, some studies have found a relatively strong association between skipping breakfast and insulin resistance, and T2DM. Against the backdrop of escalating obesity and T2DM rates, coupled with the recognized influence of food timing on disease evolution and control, this review aimed to synthesize insights from epidemiological and intervention studies of the interplay of timing of food intake and macronutrient consumption, reporting their impact on obesity and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Tonia Di Lorenzo
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Armstrong OJ, Neal ES, Vidovic D, Xu W, Borges K. Transient anticonvulsant effects of time-restricted feeding in the 6-Hz mouse model. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 151:109618. [PMID: 38184948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intermittent fasting enhances neural bioenergetics, is neuroprotective, and elicits antioxidant effects in various animal models. There are conflicting findings on seizure protection, where intermittent fasting regimens often cause severe weight loss resembling starvation which is unsustainable long-term. Therefore, we tested whether a less intensive intermittent fasting regimen such as time-restricted feeding (TRF) may confer seizure protection. METHODS Male CD1 mice were assigned to either ad libitum-fed control, continuous 8 h TRF, or 8 h TRF with weekend ad libitum food access (2:5 TRF) for one month. Body weight, food intake, and blood glucose levels were measured. Seizure thresholds were determined at various time points using 6-Hz and maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) tests. Protein levels and mRNA expression of genes, enzyme activity related to glucose metabolism, as well as mitochondrial dynamics were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus. Markers of antioxidant defence were evaluated in the plasma, cortex, and liver. RESULTS Body weight gain was similar in the ad libitum-fed and TRF mouse groups. In both TRF regimens, blood glucose levels did not change between the fed and fasted state and were higher during fasting than in the ad libitum-fed groups. Mice in the TRF group had increased seizure thresholds in the 6-Hz test on day 15 and on day 19 in a second cohort of 2:5 TRF mice, but similar seizure thresholds at other time points compared to ad libitum-fed mice. Continuous TRF did not alter MEST seizure thresholds on day 28. Mice in the TRF group showed increased maximal activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the cortex, which was accompanied by increased protein levels of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 in the cortex and hippocampus. There were no other major changes in protein or mRNA levels associated with energy metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics in the brain, nor markers of antioxidant defence in the brain, liver, or plasma. CONCLUSIONS Both continuous and 2:5 TRF regimens transiently increased seizure thresholds in the 6-Hz model at around 2 weeks, which coincided with stability of blood glucose levels during the fed and fasted periods. Our findings suggest that the lack of prolonged anticonvulsant effects in the acute electrical seizure models employed may be attributed to only modest metabolic and antioxidant adaptations found in the brain and liver. Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic value of TRF in managing seizure-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Armstrong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Skerman Building 65, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elliott S Neal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Skerman Building 65, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Diana Vidovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical Building 181, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Weizhi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Skerman Building 65, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Skerman Building 65, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|