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Han SM, Nahmgoong H, Yim KM, Kim JB. How obesity affects adipocyte turnover. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00185-1. [PMID: 39095230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cellular turnover is fundamental for tissue homeostasis and integrity. Adipocyte turnover, accounting for 4% of the total cellular mass turnover in humans, is essential for adipose tissue homeostasis during metabolic stress. In obesity, an altered adipose tissue microenvironment promotes adipocyte death. To clear dead adipocytes, macrophages are recruited and form a distinctive structure known as crown-like structure; subsequently, new adipocytes are generated from adipose stem and progenitor cells in the adipogenic niche to replace dead adipocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that adipocyte death, clearance, and adipogenesis are sophisticatedly orchestrated during adipocyte turnover. In this Review, we summarize our current understandings of each step in adipocyte turnover, discussing its key players and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mun Han
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Yim
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Solinas G, Becattini B. An adipoincretin effect links adipostasis with insulin secretion. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:466-477. [PMID: 38861922 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The current paradigm for the insulin system focuses on the phenomenon of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin action on blood glucose control. This historical glucose-centric perspective may have introduced a conceptual bias in our understanding of insulin regulation. A body of evidence demonstrating that in vivo variations in blood glucose and insulin secretion can be largely dissociated motivated us to reconsider the fundamental design of the insulin system as a control system for metabolic homeostasis. Here, we propose that a minimal glucose-centric model does not accurately describe the physiological behavior of the insulin system and propose a new paradigm focusing on the effects of incretins, arguing that under fasting conditions, insulin is regulated by an adipoincretin effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Solinas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Barbara Becattini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Becattini B, Molinaro A, Henricsson M, Borén J, Solinas G. Adipocyte PI3K links adipostasis with baseline insulin secretion at fasting through an adipoincretin effect. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114132. [PMID: 38656871 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-PI3K signaling controls insulin secretion. Understanding this feedback mechanism is crucial for comprehending how insulin functions. However, the role of adipocyte insulin-PI3K signaling in controlling insulin secretion in vivo remains unclear. Using adipocyte-specific PI3Kα knockout mice (PI3KαAdQ) and a panel of isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors, we show that PI3Kα and PI3Kβ activities are functionally redundant in adipocyte insulin signaling. PI3Kβ-selective inhibitors have no effect on adipocyte AKT phosphorylation in control mice but blunt it in adipocytes of PI3KαAdQ mice, demonstrating adipocyte-selective pharmacological PI3K inhibition in the latter. Acute adipocyte-selective PI3K inhibition increases serum free fatty acid (FFA) and potently induces insulin secretion. We name this phenomenon the adipoincretin effect. The adipoincretin effect operates in fasted mice with increasing FFA and decreasing glycemia, indicating that it is not primarily a control system for blood glucose. This feedback control system defines the rates of adipose tissue lipolysis and chiefly controls basal insulin secretion during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Becattini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Molinaro
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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4
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Chi Y, Zhu L, Wang Y, Peng C, Lin Y, Ji S, Wei J. Long-term Bisphenol S exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, intestinal lesions and dyslipidemia in mice. Toxicology 2024; 504:153798. [PMID: 38588857 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is a commonly detected chemical raw material in water, which poses significant threats to both the ecological environment and human health. Despite being recognized as a typical endocrine disruptor and a substitute for Bisphenol A, the toxicological effects of BPS remain nonnegligible. In order to comprehensively understand the health impacts of BPS, a long-term (154 days) exposure experiment was conducted on mice, during which the physiological indicators of the liver, intestine, and blood were observed. The findings revealed that exposure to BPS resulted in dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, intestinal lesions, and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, there exists a significant correlation between gut microbiota and indicators of host health. Consequently, the identification of specific gut microbiota can be considered as potential biomarkers for the evaluation of risk associated with BPS. This study will effectively address the deficiency in toxicological data pertaining to BPS. The novel BPS data obtained from this research can serve as a valuable reference for professionals in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulang Chi
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Cai Peng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shouping Ji
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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5
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Yamamotoya T, Ohata Y, Akasaka Y, Hasei S, Inoue MK, Nakatsu Y, Kanna M, Yamazaki H, Kushiyama A, Fujishiro M, Ono H, Sakoda H, Yamada T, Ishihara H, Asano T. Trk-fused gene plays a critical role in diet-induced adipose tissue expansion and is also involved in thyroid hormone action. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae150. [PMID: 38681675 PMCID: PMC11046318 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the Trk-fused gene (TFG) cause hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with proximal dominant involvement, which reportedly has high co-incidences with diabetes and dyslipidemia, suggesting critical roles of the TFG in metabolism as well. We found that TFG expression levels in white adipose tissues (WATs) were elevated in both genetically and diet-induced obese mice and that TFG deletion in preadipocytes from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) markedly inhibited adipogenesis. To investigate its role in vivo, we generated tamoxifen-inducible adipocyte-specific TFG knockout (AiTFG KO) mice. While a marked down-regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and mitochondria-related gene expressions were observed in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) from AiTFG KO mice, these effects were blunted in SVF-derived adipocytes when the TFG was deleted after differentiation into adipocytes, implying cell nonautonomous effects. Intriguingly, expressions of thyroid hormone receptors, as well as carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein β, which mediates the metabolic actions of thyroid hormone, were drastically down-regulated in scWAT from AiTFG KO mice. Reduced DNL and thermogenic gene expressions in AiTFG KO mice might be attributable to impaired thyroid hormone action in vivo. Finally, when adipocyte TFG was deleted in either the early or the late phase of high-fat diet feeding, the former brought about an impaired expansion of epididymal WAT, whereas the latter caused prominent adipocyte cell death. TFG deletion in adipocytes markedly exacerbated hepatic steatosis in both experimental settings. Collectively, these observations indicate that the TFG plays essential roles in maintaining normal adipocyte functions, including an enlargement of adipose tissue, thyroid hormone function, and thermogenic gene expressions, and in preserving hypertrophic adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukino Ohata
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shun Hasei
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masa-Ki Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Machi Kanna
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose City, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ishihara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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6
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Hahn MK, Giacca A, Pereira S. In vivo techniques for assessment of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. J Endocrinol 2024; 260:e230308. [PMID: 38198372 PMCID: PMC10895285 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic tests are vital to determine in vivo insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in preclinical models, usually rodents. Such tests include glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and glucose clamps. Although these tests are not standardized, there are general guidelines for their completion and analysis that are constantly being refined. In this review, we describe metabolic tests in rodents as well as factors to consider when designing and performing these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Sakaguchi M. Adipose Tissue Plasticity and Insulin Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:28-33. [PMID: 38264220 PMCID: PMC10800324 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major cause of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases, in modern times. Fat tissue originally evolved as an organ to prepare for food shortages. However, when individuals consume excessive calories and engage in insufficient physical activity, it can lead to the excessive accumulation of lipids in white adipose tissue, potentially causing problems. In response to this excessive lipid accumulation extending to other tissues, insulin resistance is triggered in the body as a physiological response to prevent harmful effects. Additionally, in mammals, brown adipose tissue has evolved to generate energy and maintain body temperature. These inconspicuous defense mechanisms function coordinately to protect against systemic metabolic abnormalities affecting multiple organs. Understanding the dynamic nature of adipose tissues is now crucial for elucidating the details of the molecular abnormalities in obesity-associated metabolic diseases. This review outlines adipocyte plasticity and function with a focus on the physiological relevance and new pathways of insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Sakaguchi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuoku, Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
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8
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Zhou Y, Liu K, Tang W, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wu Y, Shi Y, Yao Z, Li Y, Bai R, Liang R, Sun P, Chang X, Wang S, Zhu Y, Han X. β-Cell miRNA-503-5p Induced by Hypomethylation and Inflammation Promotes Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Decompensation. Diabetes 2024; 73:57-74. [PMID: 37847900 DOI: 10.2337/db22-1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes pancreatic β-cell decompensation to insulin resistance because of local accumulation of supraphysiologic interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We show that miR-503-5p is exclusively upregulated in islets from humans with type 2 diabetes and diabetic rodents because of its promoter hypomethylation and increased local IL-1β levels. β-Cell-specific miR-503 transgenic mice display mild or severe diabetes in a time- and expression-dependent manner. By contrast, deletion of the miR-503 cluster protects mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Mechanistically, miR-503-5p represses c-Jun N-terminal kinase-interacting protein 2 (JIP2) translation to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, thus inhibiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and compensatory β-cell proliferation. In addition, β-cell miR-503-5p is packaged in nanovesicles to dampen insulin signaling transduction in liver and adipose tissues by targeting insulin receptors. Notably, specifically blocking the miR-503 cluster in β-cells effectively remits aging-associated diabetes through recovery of GSIS capacity and insulin sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that β-cell miR-503-5p is required for the development of insulin resistance and β-cell decompensation, providing a potential therapeutic target against diabetes. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Promoter hypomethylation during natural aging permits miR-503-5p overexpression in islets under inflammation conditions, conserving from rodents to humans. Impaired β-cells release nanovesicular miR-503-5p to accumulate in liver and adipose tissue, leading to their insulin resistance via the miR-503-5p/insulin receptor/phosphorylated AKT axis. Accumulated miR-503-5p in β-cells impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via the JIP2-coordinated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. Specific blockage of β-cell miR-503-5p improves β-cell function and glucose tolerance in aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kerong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongjie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Bu S, Xiong A, Yang Z, Aissa-Brahim F, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Cao F. Bilobalide Induces Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 Mature Adipocytes through ROS-Mediated Mitochondria Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:6410. [PMID: 37687239 PMCID: PMC10489643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilobalide exhibits numerous beneficial bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Our previous study demonstrated that bilobalide inhibits adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity was found to be specific to the mature adipocytes only, indicating the potential for regulating apoptosis in them. Herein, we aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of bilobalide on 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms thereof. Flow cytometry analysis (FACS) revealed the pro-apoptotic effects of bilobalide on these cells. Bilobalide induced early apoptosis by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). DNA fragmentation was confirmed using TUNEL staining. Additionally, bilobalide increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activities of Caspases 3/9. Pre-treatment with NAC (an ROS scavenger) confirmed the role of ROS in inducing apoptosis. Moreover, bilobalide up- and down-regulated the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, respectively, at the mRNA and protein expression levels; upregulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; triggered the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria; and increased the protein expression of cleaved Caspase 3, cleaved Caspase 9, and PARP cleavage. These results support the conclusion that bilobalide induces apoptosis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway, and offers potential novel treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Anran Xiong
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhiying Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Faycal Aissa-Brahim
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yichun Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Xunyong Zhou
- HC Enzyme (Shenzhen) Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518001, China;
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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10
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John C. Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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11
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Horwitz A, Birk R. Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity-The Case of BBS Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3445. [PMID: 37571382 PMCID: PMC10421039 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly regulated by a complex interaction between genetics and excess energy intake. However, the genetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion is yet to be fully understood. Obesity can be divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity and monogenic obesity, non-syndromic and syndromic. Several genes related to obesity were found through studies of monogenic non-syndromic obesity models. However, syndromic obesity, characterized by additional features other than obesity, suggesting a more global role of the mutant genes related to the syndrome and, thus, an additional peripheral influence on the development of obesity, were hardly studied to date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in common obesity. Additionally, we highlight the scarce research on syndromic obesity as a model for studying adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, focusing on Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). BBS obesity involves central and peripheral mechanisms, with molecular and mechanistic alternation in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, we argue that using syndromic obesity models, such as BBS, can further advance our knowledge regarding peripheral adipocyte regulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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12
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Yuan Y, Shi Z, Xiong S, Hu R, Song Q, Song Z, Ong SG, Jiang Y. Differential roles of insulin receptor in adipocyte progenitor cells in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 573:111968. [PMID: 37244600 PMCID: PMC10846871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of white adipose tissue (WAT) occurs during distinct embryonic and postnatal stages, and it is subsequently maintained throughout life. However, the specific mediators and mechanisms responsible for WAT development during different phases remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of the insulin receptor (IR) in regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte function within adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) during WAT development and homeostasis. We use two in vivo adipose lineage tracking and deletion systems to delete IR either in embryonic APCs or adult APCs, respectively, to explore the specific requirements of IR during WAT development and WAT homeostasis in mice. Our data suggest that IR expression in APCs may not be essential for adult adipocyte differentiation but appears to be crucial for adipose tissue development. We reveal a surprising divergent role of IR in APCs during WAT development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zuoxiao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaolei Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruoci Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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13
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Efthymiou V, Ding L, Balaz M, Sun W, Balazova L, Straub LG, Dong H, Simon E, Ghosh A, Perdikari A, Keller S, Ghoshdastider U, Horvath C, Moser C, Hamilton B, Neubauer H, Wolfrum C. Inhibition of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase enhances brown adipose tissue functionality in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4162. [PMID: 37443109 PMCID: PMC10344962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current obesity epidemic and high prevalence of metabolic diseases necessitate efficacious and safe treatments. Brown adipose tissue in this context is a promising target with the potential to increase energy expenditure, however no pharmacological treatments activating brown adipose tissue are currently available. Here, we identify AXL receptor tyrosine kinase as a regulator of adipose function. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of AXL enhance thermogenic capacity of brown and white adipocytes, in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, these effects are mediated through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/PDE signaling pathway, resulting in induction of nuclear FOXO1 localization and increased intracellular cAMP levels via PDE3/4 inhibition and subsequent stimulation of the PKA-ATF2 pathway. In line with this, both constitutive Axl deletion as well as inducible adipocyte-specific Axl deletion protect animals from diet-induced obesity concomitant with increases in energy expenditure. Based on these data, we propose AXL receptor as a target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vissarion Efthymiou
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lianggong Ding
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Metabolism, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Wenfei Sun
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucia Balazova
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Metabolism, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Leon G Straub
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hua Dong
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric Simon
- Department of Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aliki Perdikari
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Keller
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Diseases Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Umesh Ghoshdastider
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Carla Horvath
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Moser
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Bradford Hamilton
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- ETH Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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14
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Iwasaki K, Lalani B, Kahng J, Carapeto P, Sanjines S, Hela F, Abarca C, Tsuji T, Darcy J, Bartke A, Tseng YH, Kulkarni RN, Aguayo-Mazzucato C. Decreased IGF1R attenuates senescence and improves function in pancreatic β-cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1203534. [PMID: 37441495 PMCID: PMC10335398 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1203534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The enhanced β-cell senescence that accompanies insulin resistance and aging contributes to cellular dysfunction and loss of transcriptional identity leading to type 2 diabetes (T2D). While senescence is among the 12 recognized hallmarks of aging, its relation to other hallmarks including altered nutrient sensing (insulin/IGF1 pathway) in β-cells is not fully understood. We previously reported that an increased expression of IGF1R in mouse and human β-cells is a marker of older β-cells; however, its contribution to age-related dysfunction and cellular senescence remains to be determined. Methods In this study, we explored the direct role of IGF1R in β-cell function and senescence using two independent mouse models with decreased IGF1/IGF1R signaling: a) Ames Dwarf mice (Dwarf +/+), which lack growth hormone and therefore have reduced circulating levels of IGF1, and b) inducible β-cell-specific IGF1R knockdown (βIgf1rKD) mice. Results Compared to Dwarf+/- mice, Dwarf+/+ mice had lower body and pancreas weight, lower circulating IGF1 and insulin levels, and lower IGF1R and p21Cip1 protein expression in β-cells, suggesting the suppression of senescence. Adult βIgf1rKD mice showed improved glucose clearance and glucose-induced insulin secretion, accompanied by decreased p21Cip1 protein expression in β-cells. RNA-Seq of islets isolated from these βIgf1rKD mice revealed the restoration of three signaling pathways known to be downregulated by aging: sulfide oxidation, autophagy, and mTOR signaling. Additionally, deletion of IGF1R in mouse β-cells increased transcription of genes important for maintaining β-cell identity and function, such as Mafa, Nkx6.1, and Kcnj11, while decreasing senescence-related genes, such as Cdkn2a, Il1b, and Serpine 1. Decreased senescence and improved insulin-secretory function of β-cells were also evident when the βIgf1rKD mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat, for 5 weeks). Discussion These results suggest that IGF1R signaling plays a causal role in aging-induced β-cell dysfunction. Our data also demonstrate a relationship between decreased IGF1R signaling and suppressed cellular senescence in pancreatic β-cells. Future studies can further our understanding of the interaction between senescence and aging, developing interventions that restore β-cell function and identity, therefore preventing the progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Iwasaki
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Benjamin Lalani
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jiho Kahng
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Priscila Carapeto
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Sanjines
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francesko Hela
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristian Abarca
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Justin Darcy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Department of Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristina Aguayo-Mazzucato
- Section on Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Zhang Y, Lan M, Liu C, Wang T, Liu C, Wu S, Meng Q. Islr regulates insulin sensitivity by interacting with Psma4 to control insulin receptor alpha levels in obese mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:106420. [PMID: 37116777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dysfunctional insulin receptor signaling is a major manifestation of this insulin resistance. In T2D, the corresponding insulin receptor levels are aberrantly down-regulated, which is one of the major factors underlying obesity-induced insulin resistance in adipose tissue. However, the precise mechanism of insulin receptor impairment in obese individuals remains unclear. In the current study, we established that immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (Islr) is highly expressed in adipocytes of mice fed a high-fat diet. We further demonstrated that Islr mediates the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of insulin receptor alpha (Insrα) by specifically interacting with proteasome subunit alpha type 4 (Psma4). Islr knockout increased the corresponding Insrα subunit levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, ultimately improving systemic metabolism. Further, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of Islr expression in the white adipose tissue of obese mice increased insulin sensitivity. Overall, Islr regulates insulin sensitivity by interacting with Psma4 to control the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of Insrα in obese mice, indicating that Islr may be a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Lan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuncheng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; The Institute of Bioengineering and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Sen Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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17
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Shimobayashi M, Thomas A, Shetty S, Frei IC, Wölnerhanssen BK, Weissenberger D, Vandekeere A, Planque M, Dietz N, Ritz D, Meyer-Gerspach AC, Maier T, Hay N, Peterli R, Fendt SM, Rohner N, Hall MN. Diet-induced loss of adipose hexokinase 2 correlates with hyperglycemia. eLife 2023; 12:85103. [PMID: 36920797 PMCID: PMC10017106 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronically high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) leads to diabetes and fatty liver disease. Obesity is a major risk factor for hyperglycemia, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice causes early loss of expression of the glycolytic enzyme Hexokinase 2 (HK2) specifically in adipose tissue. Adipose-specific knockout of Hk2 reduced glucose disposal and lipogenesis and enhanced fatty acid release in adipose tissue. In a non-cell-autonomous manner, Hk2 knockout also promoted glucose production in liver. Furthermore, we observed reduced hexokinase activity in adipose tissue of obese and diabetic patients, and identified a loss-of-function mutation in the hk2 gene of naturally hyperglycemic Mexican cavefish. Mechanistically, HFD in mice led to loss of HK2 by inhibiting translation of Hk2 mRNA. Our findings identify adipose HK2 as a critical mediator of local and systemic glucose homeostasis, and suggest that obesity-induced loss of adipose HK2 is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for the development of selective insulin resistance and thereby hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu Shimobayashi
- Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anke Vandekeere
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Danilo Ritz
- Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Timm Maier
- Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Ralph Peterli
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesBaselSwitzerland
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology at the University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityUnited States
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18
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Maniyadath B, Zhang Q, Gupta RK, Mandrup S. Adipose tissue at single-cell resolution. Cell Metab 2023; 35:386-413. [PMID: 36889280 PMCID: PMC10027403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue exhibits remarkable plasticity with capacity to change in size and cellular composition under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The emergence of single-cell transcriptomics has rapidly transformed our understanding of the diverse array of cell types and cell states residing in adipose tissues and has provided insight into how transcriptional changes in individual cell types contribute to tissue plasticity. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the cellular atlas of adipose tissues focusing on the biological insight gained from single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomics of murine and human adipose tissues. We also offer our perspective on the exciting opportunities for mapping cellular transitions and crosstalk, which have been made possible by single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babukrishna Maniyadath
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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19
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Peng H, Yu Y, Wang P, Yao Y, Wu X, Zheng Q, Wang J, Tian B, Wang Y, Ke T, Liu M, Tu X, Liu H, Wang QK, Xu C. NINJ2 deficiency inhibits preadipocyte differentiation and promotes insulin resistance through regulating insulin signaling. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:123-138. [PMID: 36504350 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants in ninjurin-2 (NINJ2; nerve injury-induced protein 2) confer risk of ischemic strokes and coronary artery disease as well as endothelial activation and inflammation. However, little is known about NINJ2's in vivo functions and underlying mechanisms. METHODS The phenotypes of NINJ2 knockout mice were analyzed, and mechanisms of NINJ2 that regulate body weight, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis and lipogenesis were investigated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS This study found that mice lacking NINJ2 showed impaired adipogenesis, increased insulin resistance, and abnormal glucose homeostasis, all of which are risk factors for strokes and coronary artery disease. Mechanistically, NINJ2 directly interacts with insulin receptor/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (INSR/IGF1R), and NINJ2 knockdown can block insulin-induced mitotic clonal expansion during preadipocyte differentiation by inhibiting protein kinase B/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (AKT/ERK) signaling and by decreasing the expression of key adipocyte transcriptional regulators CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP-β), C/EBP-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, the interaction between NINJ2 and INSR/IGF1R is needed for maintaining insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and muscle via AKT and glucose transporter type 4. Notably, adenovirus-mediated NINJ2 overexpression can ameliorate diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings reveal NINJ2 as an important new facilitator of insulin receptors, and the authors propose a unique regulatory mechanism between insulin signaling, adipogenesis, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Peng
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Yu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyun Wang
- Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Wu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beijia Tian
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Ke
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Southern of the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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20
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Niitsu Y, Komiya C, Takeuchi A, Hara K, Horino M, Aoki J, Okazaki R, Murakami M, Tsujimoto K, Ikeda K, Yamada T. Increased serum extracellular vesicle miR-144-3p and miR-486a-3p in a mouse model of adipose tissue regeneration promote hepatocyte proliferation by targeting Txnip. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284989. [PMID: 37141242 PMCID: PMC10159167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells are expected to be applied to regenerative medicine for various incurable diseases including liver cirrhosis. Although microRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles (EV-miRNAs) have been implicated in their regenerative effects, the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Tamoxifen-inducible adipocyte-specific insulin receptor knockout (iFIRKO) mice are known to exhibit acute adipose tissue regeneration with increased numbers of adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs). Because adipose tissue is the major source of circulating EV-miRNAs, we investigated alterations in serum EV-miRNAs in iFIRKO mice. A comprehensive analysis using miRNA sequencing on serum EVs revealed that most EV-miRNAs were decreased due to the loss of mature adipocytes, but there were 19 EV-miRNAs that were increased in the serum of iFIRKO mice. Among them, miR-144-3p and miR-486a-3p were found to be increased in the liver as well as serum EVs. While the expression levels of pri-miR-144-3p and pri-miR-486a-3p were not increased in the liver, they were elevated in the adipose tissue, suggesting that these miRNAs may be delivered from ASPCs increased in the adipose tissue to the liver via EVs. Increased hepatocyte proliferation was observed in the liver of iFIRKO mice, and we found that both miR-144-3p and miR-486a-3p have a function to promote hepatocyte proliferation by suppressing Txnip expression as a target gene. miR-144-3p and miR-486a-3p can be candidate therapeutic tools for conditions requiring hepatocyte proliferation, such as liver cirrhosis, and our current study suggests that examining EV-miRNAs secreted in vivo may lead to the discovery of miRNAs involved in regenerative medicine that have not been identified by in vitro analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Niitsu
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikara Komiya
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Hara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Horino
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aoki
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Okazaki
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Murakami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Tsujimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Zhang X, Luo S, Wang M, Cao Q, Zhang Z, Huang Q, Li J, Deng Z, Liu T, Liu CL, Meppen M, Vromman A, Flavell RA, Hotamışlıgil GS, Liu J, Libby P, Liu Z, Shi GP. Differential IL18 signaling via IL18 receptor and Na-Cl co-transporter discriminating thermogenesis and glucose metabolism regulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7582. [PMID: 36482059 PMCID: PMC9732325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a role in storing energy, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is instrumental in the re-distribution of stored energy when dietary sources are unavailable. Interleukin-18 (IL18) is a cytokine playing a role in T-cell polarization, but also for regulating energy homeostasis via the dimeric IL18 receptor (IL18r) and Na-Cl co-transporter (NCC) on adipocytes. Here we show that IL18 signaling in metabolism is regulated at the level of receptor utilization, with preferential role for NCC in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and dominantly via IL18r in WAT. In Il18r-/-Ncc-/- mice, high-fat diet (HFD) causes more prominent body weight gain and insulin resistance than in wild-type mice. The WAT insulin resistance phenotype of the double-knockout mice is recapitulated in HFD-fed Il18r-/- mice, whereas decreased thermogenesis in BAT upon HFD is dependent on NCC deletion. BAT-selective depletion of either NCC or IL18 reduces thermogenesis and increases BAT and WAT inflammation. IL18r deletion in WAT reduces insulin signaling and increases WAT inflammation. In summary, our study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of IL18 regulation of energy metabolism and shows clearly discernible roles for its two receptors in brown and white adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- grid.256896.60000 0001 0395 8562School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 China ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Songyuan Luo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000 China
| | - Minjie Wang
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Qiongqiong Cao
- grid.256896.60000 0001 0395 8562School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- grid.256896.60000 0001 0395 8562School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 China
| | - Qin Huang
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jie Li
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Cong-Lin Liu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Mathilde Meppen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Amelie Vromman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Gökhan S. Hotamışlıgil
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jian Liu
- grid.256896.60000 0001 0395 8562School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 China
| | - Peter Libby
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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22
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Imrie H, Viswambharan H, Haywood NJ, Bridge KI, Yuldasheva NY, Galloway S, Simmons KJ, Cubbon RM, Sukumar P, Watt NT, Lichtenstein L, Wyatt JI, Kudo H, Goldin R, Rode B, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT. Cixutumumab reveals a critical role for IGF-1 in adipose and hepatic tissue remodelling during the development of diet-induced obesity. Adipocyte 2022; 11:366-378. [PMID: 35734881 PMCID: PMC9235901 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2089394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity leads to perturbation in the storage function of white adipose tissue (WAT) resulting in deposition of lipids in tissues ill-equipped to deal with this challenge. The role of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the systemic and organ-specific responses to HFD is unclear. Using cixutumumab, a monoclonal antibody that internalizes and degrades cell surface IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1 R), leaving insulin receptor expression unchanged we aimed to establish the role of IGF-1 R in the response to a HFD. Mice treated with cixutumumab fed standard chow developed mild hyperinsulinemia with no change in WAT. When challenged by HFD mice treated with cixutumumab had reduced weight gain, reduced WAT expansion, and reduced hepatic lipid vacuole formation. In HFD-fed mice, cixutumumab led to reduced levels of genes encoding proteins important in fatty acid metabolism in WAT and liver. Cixutumumab protected against blunting of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in liver of HFD fed mice. These data reveal an important role for IGF-1 R in the WAT and hepatic response to short-term nutrient excess. IGF-1 R inhibition during HFD leads to a lipodystrophic phenotype with a failure of WAT lipid storage and protection from HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Imrie
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Viswambharan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine I Bridge
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Galloway
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J Simmons
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole T Watt
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Laeticia Lichtenstein
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Judy I Wyatt
- Department of Pathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Goldin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Baptiste Rode
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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23
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Phosphatase protector alpha4 (α4) is involved in adipocyte maintenance and mitochondrial homeostasis through regulation of insulin signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6092. [PMID: 36241662 PMCID: PMC9568526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling is mediated via a network of protein phosphorylation. Dysregulation of this network is central to obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Here we investigate the role of phosphatase binding protein Alpha4 (α4) that is essential for the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in insulin action/resistance in adipocytes. Unexpectedly, adipocyte-specific inactivation of α4 impairs insulin-induced Akt-mediated serine/threonine phosphorylation despite a decrease in the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) levels. Interestingly, loss of α4 also reduces insulin-induced insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. This occurs through decreased association of α4 with Y-box protein 1, resulting in the enhancement of the tyrosine phosphatase protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression. Moreover, adipocyte-specific knockout of α4 in male mice results in impaired adipogenesis and altered mitochondrial oxidation leading to increased inflammation, systemic insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, islet hyperplasia, and impaired thermogenesis. Thus, the α4 /Y-box protein 1(YBX1)-mediated pathway of insulin receptor signaling is involved in maintaining insulin sensitivity, normal adipose tissue homeostasis and systemic metabolism.
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24
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Brasil BB, Masaji S, Martins BT, Jiang H, Song N, Athena A S, Lucas B, François M, Wei-Jun Q, Rohit KN, Ronald KC. Apolipoprotein C3 and circulating mediators of preadipocyte proliferation in states of lipodystrophy. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101572. [PMID: 35964946 PMCID: PMC9418991 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate preadipocyte proliferation, adipogenic capacity and maturation of metabolic function. Here we show that insulin and IGF-1 receptors are essential for mature adipocyte survival and that deletion of both IR and IGF1R specifically in fat using a tamoxifen inducible-AdipoQ-Cre (Ai-DKO) leads to rapid and severe loss of adipocytes in all depots, associated with a metabolic syndrome characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver, and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. In this model, this pathological phenotype reverses over a few weeks, in large part, due to preadipocyte proliferation and adipose tissue regeneration. Incubation of preadipocytes with serum from the Ai-DKO mice in vitro stimulates cell proliferation, and this effect can be mimicked by conditioned media from liver slices of Ai-DKO mice, but not by media of cultured Ai-DKO adipocytes, indicating a hepatic origin of the growth factor. Proteomic analysis of serum reveals apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), a protein secreted by liver, as one of the most upregulated proteins in the Ai-DKO mice. In vitro, purified and delipidated APOC3 stimulates preadipocyte proliferation, however, knockdown of hepatic APOC3 in vivo in Ai-DKO mice is not sufficient to block adipose regeneration. Thus, lipodystrophy is associated with presence of increased preadipocyte-stimulating growth factors in serum. Our study indicates that APOC3 is one contributing factor to preadipocyte proliferation, however, other still-unidentified circulating growth factors are also likely present in Ai-DKO mice. Identification of these factors may provide a new approach to regulation of adipose mass in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandao Bruna Brasil
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakaguchi Masaji
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Batista, Thiago Martins
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hu Jiang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Dept. of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nie Song
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Schepmoes Athena A
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Moreau François
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Wei-Jun
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kulkarni N. Rohit
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Dept. of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kahn, C. Ronald
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author. Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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25
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Xu W, Song Z, Wang W, Li X, Yan P, Shi T, Fu C, Liu X. Effects of in ovo feeding of t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid on hepatic lipid metabolism and subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition in newly hatched broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101797. [PMID: 35358926 PMCID: PMC8968647 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether in ovo feeding of t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and decrease lipid accumulation in newly hatched chicks. Three hundred and sixty fertilely specific pathogen-free hatching eggs were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups. On embryonic day 11 of incubation (E11), 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, or 7.5 mg t10,c12-CLA were injected into the eggs. The results indicated that in ovo feeding of t10,c12-CLA significantly decreased the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mass and the relative SAT weight of newly hatched chicks in linear and quadratic manners (P < 0.05). In liver, the levels of triglycerides were reduced linearly and quadratically and total cholesterol were reduced quadratically as the dose of t10,c12-CLA increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT1a) content and polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion were increased quadratically in t10,c12-CLA groups (P < 0.05), accompanied by the decrease of malondialdehyde level and the increase of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity activities (P < 0.05). In addition, in ovo feeding of t10,c12-CLA decreased the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 in linear and quadratic manners (P < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA expression of adipose triacylglyceride lipase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase significantly in liver (P < 0.05), accompanied by upregulating the mRNA expression of CPT1a quadratically and AMP-activated protein kinase α linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05). In SAT, the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c were decreased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05), and the expression of PPARα and CPT1a genes were increased linearly and quadratically as the dose of t10,c12-CLA increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that in ovo feeding of t10,c12-CLA alleviates lipid accumulation in newly hatched chicks by suppressing fatty acid synthesis and stimulating lipolysis in the liver and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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26
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Moazzami Z, Heck R, Hu P, Nanda H, Ren K, Sun Z, Bartolomucci A, Gao Y, Chung D, Zhu W, Shen S, Ruan HB. Brown adipose tissue involution associated with progressive restriction in progenitor competence. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110575. [PMID: 35417710 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes progressive involution. This involution process is not recapitulated in rodents, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that the interscapular BAT (iBAT) of rabbits whitens rapidly during early adulthood. The transcriptomic remodeling and identity switch of mature adipocytes are accompanied by loss of brown adipogenic competence of progenitors. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that rabbit and human iBAT progenitors highly express the FSTL1 gene. When iBAT involutes in rabbits, adipocyte progenitors reduce FSTL1 expression and are refractory to brown adipogenic recruitment. Conversely, FSTL1 is constitutively expressed in mouse iBAT to sustain WNT signaling and prevent involution. Progenitor incompetence and iBAT paucity can be induced in mice by genetic deletion of the Fstl1 gene or ablation of Fstl1+ progenitors. Our results highlight the hierarchy and dynamics of the BAT progenitor compartment and implicate the functional incompetence of FSTL1-expressing progenitors in BAT involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Huang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zengdi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zahra Moazzami
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan Heck
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Hezkiel Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zequn Sun
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Steven Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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27
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Insulin resistance rewires the metabolic gene program and glucose utilization in human white adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:535-543. [PMID: 34799672 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction resulting from excessive fat accumulation leads to systemic insulin resistance (IR), the underlying alteration of Type 2 Diabetes. The specific pathways dysregulated in dysfunctional adipocytes and the extent to which it affects adipose metabolic functions remain incompletely characterized. METHODS We interrogated the transcriptional adaptation to increased adiposity in association with insulin resistance in visceral white adipose tissue from lean men, or men presenting overweight/obesity (BMI from 19 to 33) and discordant for insulin sensitivity. In human adipocytes in vitro, we investigated the direct contribution of IR in altering metabolic gene programming and glucose utilization using 13C-isotopic glucose tracing. RESULTS We found that gene expression associated with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation represented the strongest association with systemic insulin resistance, independently of BMI. In addition, we showed that inducing IR in mature human white adipocytes was sufficient to reprogram the transcriptional profile of genes involved in important metabolic functions such as glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and de novo lipogenesis. Finally, we found that IR induced a rewiring of glucose metabolism, with higher incorporation of glucose into citrate, but not into downstream metabolites within the TCA cycle. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data highlight the importance of obesity-derived insulin resistance in impacting the expression of key metabolic genes and impairing the metabolic processes of glucose utilization, and reveal a role for metabolic adaptation in adipose dysfunction in humans.
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28
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Ibrahim A, Neinast MD, Li K, Noji M, Kim B, Bornstein MR, Mohammed R, Wellen KE, Arany Z. Insulin-stimulated adipocytes secrete lactate to promote endothelial fatty acid uptake and transport. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258964. [PMID: 34779480 PMCID: PMC8729779 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates adipose tissue to extract fatty acids from circulation and sequester them inside adipose cells. How fatty acids are transported across the capillary endothelial barrier, and how this process is regulated, remains unclear. We modeled the relationship of adipocytes and endothelial cells in vitro to test the role of insulin in fatty acid transport. Treatment of endothelial cells with insulin did not affect endothelial fatty acid uptake, but endothelial cells took up more fatty acids when exposed to medium conditioned by adipocytes treated with insulin. Manipulations of this conditioned medium indicated that the secreted factor is a small, hydrophilic, non-proteinaceous metabolite. Factor activity was correlated with lactate concentration, and inhibition of lactate production in adipocytes abolished the activity. Finally, lactate alone was sufficient to increase endothelial uptake of both free fatty acids and lipids liberated from chylomicrons, and to promote transendothelial transport, at physiologically relevant concentrations. Taken together, these data suggest that insulin drives adipocytes to secrete lactate, which then acts in a paracrine fashion to promote fatty acid uptake and transport across the neighboring endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Ibrahim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael D. Neinast
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristina Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Noji
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Boa Kim
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc R. Bornstein
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raffiu Mohammed
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Toyoda S, Shin J, Fukuhara A, Otsuki M, Shimomura I. Transforming growth factor β1 signaling links extracellular matrix remodeling to intracellular lipogenesis upon physiological feeding events. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101748. [PMID: 35189145 PMCID: PMC8931428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dynamically changes its mass in response to external nutritional status, which plays an important role in maintaining the lipid homeostasis. Physiologically, feeding events are associated with the expansion of adipose tissue, but little is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms of this expansion. Here, using comprehensive transcriptome analysis, we found that levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a key regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, were increased in adipose tissue under feeding conditions and associated with the lipogenic pathway. In addition, TGF-β receptors are highly expressed in adipose tissue, and pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β1 reduced adipose tissue mass and caused ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. This reduced fat mass was associated with decreased gene expression in ECM remodeling and lipogenesis. Furthermore, similar results were observed in the adipose tissue of SMAD family member 3 knockout mice or upon systemic TGF-β neutralization, with significant reductions in both ECM remodeling and lipogenesis-related genes. Mechanistically, we found that insulin-induced TGF-β1 and cell-autonomous action remodels the ECM of adipocytes, which controls the downstream focal adhesion kinase–AKT signaling cascades and enhances the lipogenic pathway. Of note, destruction of collagens or matrix metalloproteinase/a disintegrin and metalloprotease activities, critical components of ECM remodeling, blocked TGF-β1-mediated focal adhesion kinase–AKT signaling and the lipogenic pathway. Taken together, this study identifies a previously unknown lipogenic role of TGF-β1 by which adipocytes can expand to adapt to physiological feeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Toyoda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jihoon Shin
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Adipose Management, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Zhao L, Wu T, Li J, Cai C, Yao Q, Zhu YS. Data-independent acquisition-based proteomics analysis correlating type 2 diabetes mellitus with osteoarthritis in total knee arthroplasty patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28738. [PMID: 35119024 PMCID: PMC8812634 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on osteoarthritis (OA), 12 bone tissue samples were obtained surgically from the human total knee arthroplasty patients and analyzed by quantitative proteomics. METHODS Based on patient clinical histories, patient samples were assigned to diabetes mellitus osteoarthritis (DMOA) and OA groups. A data-independent acquisition method for data collection was used with proteomic data analysis to assess intergroup proteomic differences. Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway enrichment analysis were used to further find the correlation between T2DM and OA. RESULTS GO functional analysis found 153 differentially expressed proteins between DMOA and OA groups, of which 92 differentially expressed proteins were significantly up-regulated and 61 were significantly down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway analysis found 180 pathways, including 9 pathways significantly enriched. Further data analysis revealed that 6 signaling pathways were closely associated with T2DM and OA. CONCLUSION OA and DMOA onset and progression were closely related to synthesis and metabolism of extracellular matrix components (e.g., fibronectin, decorin, etc.). The effects of T2DM on OA occur though 2 major ways of oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation, involving in 2 inhibited signaling pathways and 4 activated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chunyan Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Shen Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Sakers A, De Siqueira MK, Seale P, Villanueva CJ. Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:419-446. [PMID: 35120662 PMCID: PMC11152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mirian Krystel De Siqueira
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
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32
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Le Lay S, Magré J, Prieur X. Not Enough Fat: Mouse Models of Inherited Lipodystrophy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785819. [PMID: 35250856 PMCID: PMC8895270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies belong to the heterogenous group of syndromes in which the primary defect is a generalized or partial absence of adipose tissue, which may be congenital or acquired in origin. Lipodystrophy should be considered in patients manifesting the combination of insulin resistance (with or without overt diabetes), dyslipidemia and fatty liver. Lipodystrophies are classified according to the etiology of the disease (genetic or acquired) and to the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue (generalized or partial). The mechanism of adipose tissue loss is specific to each syndrome, depending on the biological function of the mutated gene. Mice models, together with cellular studies have permitted clarification of the mechanisms by which human mutations deeply compromise adipocyte homeostasis. In addition, rodent models have proven to be crucial in deciphering the cardiometabolic consequences of the lack of adipose tissue such as NAFLD, muscle insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy. More precisely, tissue-specific transgenic and knockout mice have brought new tools to distinguish phenotypic traits that are the consequences of lipodystrophy from those that are cell-autonomous. In this review, we discuss the mice models of lipodystrophy including those of inherited human syndromes of generalized and partial lipodystrophy. We present how these models have demonstrated the central role of white adipose tissue in energetic homeostasis in general, including insulin sensitivity and lipid handling in particular. We underscore the differences reported with the human phenotype and discuss the limit of rodent models in recapitulating adipose tissue primary default. Finally, we present how these mice models have highlighted the function of the causative-genes and brought new insights into the pathophysiology of the cardiometabolic complications associated with lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soazig Le Lay
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Xavier Prieur,
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Ying M, Hu X, Li Q, Dong H, Zhou Y, Chen Z. Long-term trajectories of BMI and cumulative incident metabolic syndrome: A cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915394. [PMID: 36568079 PMCID: PMC9773063 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) has been widely recognized as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the relationship between the trajectory of BMI and cumulative incident MetS is still unclear. We investigate the associations of long-term measurements of BMI with MetS among young adults in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. METHODS We enrolled individuals aged 10 to 20 at baseline with recorded BMI at each follow-up interview, and 554 participants were finally included in our study. The assessment and incidence of MetS were evaluated by blood tests and physical examinations in their adulthood. A latent class growth mixed model was used to identify three BMI trajectory patterns: a low baseline BMI with slow development (low-slow, n=438), a low baseline BMI with fast development (low-fast, n=66), and a high baseline BMI with fast development (high-fast, n=50). Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between different BMI trajectories and the incidence of MetS. RESULT During a follow-up of 16 years, 61 (11.01%) participants developed MetS. The combination of elevated triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was most frequent in diagnosed MetS. In multivariate adjusted models, the low-fast and high-fast BMI trajectories showed a significantly higher risk of MetS than those with the low-slow BMI trajectory (low-high: OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.14-10.13, P < 0.05; high-fast: OR = 5.81, 95% CI: 1.63-20.69, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study identified three BMI trajectories in young adults and found that long-term measurements of BMI were also associated with cumulative incident MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhujun Chen, ; Yingling Zhou,
| | - Zhujun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhujun Chen, ; Yingling Zhou,
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34
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Mukherjee R, Sanchez-Gurmaches J. Fluorescent Genetic Tools for Studying Brown Fat Development and Function in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2448:203-215. [PMID: 35167099 PMCID: PMC10112487 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Techniques to trace and isolate brown adipocyte precursor and adipocytes during development and disease are essential to fully understand brown adipose tissue development and function. Here we report several protocols using the R26R-mTmG reporter mice in thermogenic tissues based on confocal microscopy and fluorescence based flow cytometry. These techniques may be useful to understand the influence of genetic or environmental alterations in brown adipocyte precursors and adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Mukherjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- ETH Zürich, Department of Health Science and Technologies, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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Romanelli SM, Lewis KT, Nishii A, Rupp AC, Li Z, Mori H, Schill RL, Learman BS, Rhodes CJ, MacDougald OA. BAd-CRISPR: Inducible gene knockout in interscapular brown adipose tissue of adult mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101402. [PMID: 34774798 PMCID: PMC8661024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled inducible gene knockout in numerous tissues; however, its use has not been reported in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we developed the brown adipocyte CRISPR (BAd-CRISPR) methodology to rapidly interrogate the function of one or multiple genes. With BAd-CRISPR, an adeno-associated virus (AAV8) expressing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) is administered directly to BAT of mice expressing Cas9 in brown adipocytes. We show that the local administration of AAV8-sgRNA to interscapular BAT of adult mice robustly transduced brown adipocytes and ablated expression of adiponectin, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid synthase, perilipin 1, or stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by >90%. Administration of multiple AAV8 sgRNAs led to simultaneous knockout of up to three genes. BAd-CRISPR induced frameshift mutations and suppressed target gene mRNA expression but did not lead to substantial accumulation of off-target mutations in BAT. We used BAd-CRISPR to create an inducible uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) knockout mouse to assess the effects of UCP1 loss on adaptive thermogenesis in adult mice. Inducible Ucp1 knockout did not alter core body temperature; however, BAd-CRISPR Ucp1 mice had elevated circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 and changes in BAT gene expression consistent with heat production through increased peroxisomal lipid oxidation. Other molecular adaptations predict additional cellular inefficiencies with an increase in both protein synthesis and turnover, and mitochondria with reduced reliance on mitochondrial-encoded gene expression and increased expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. These data suggest that BAd-CRISPR is an efficient tool to speed discoveries in adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Romanelli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian S Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Dai W, Choubey M, Patel S, Singer HA, Ozcan L. Adipocyte CAMK2 deficiency improves obesity-associated glucose intolerance. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101300. [PMID: 34303021 PMCID: PMC8365526 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction has been linked to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Impaired calcium homeostasis is associated with altered adipose tissue metabolism; however, the molecular mechanisms that link disrupted calcium signaling to metabolic regulation are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the contribution of a calcium-sensing enzyme, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2), to adipocyte function, obesity-associated insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. METHODS To determine the impact of adipocyte CAMK2 deficiency on metabolic regulation, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model and acutely deleted CAMK2 in mature adipocytes. We further used in vitro differentiated adipocytes to dissect the mechanisms by which CAMK2 regulates adipocyte function. RESULTS CAMK2 activity was increased in obese adipose tissue, and depletion of adipocyte CAMK2 in adult mice improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance without an effect on body weight. Mechanistically, we found that activation of CAMK2 disrupted adipocyte insulin signaling and lowered the amount of insulin receptor. Further, our results revealed that CAMK2 contributed to adipocyte lipolysis, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a new link between adipocyte CAMK2 activity, metabolic regulation, and whole-body glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mayank Choubey
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonal Patel
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lale Ozcan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Bian N, Sun X, Zhou B, Zhang L, Wang Q, An Y, Li X, Li Y, Liu J, Meng H, Wang G. Obese patients with higher TSH levels had an obvious metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1326-1336. [PMID: 34524974 PMCID: PMC8558898 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery has become the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. Increasing evidence showed that bariatric surgery can alleviate insulin resistance and influence thyroid function. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in thyroid function and adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipo-IR) after bariatric surgery. METHODS A total of 287 non-diabetic participants with regular thyroid function were recruited and divided into the lean, overweight and obese groups. Among them, 50 morbidly obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. RESULTS The obese group had a higher level of adipo-IR, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), FT3/free thyroxine (FT4) and metabolism disorders than the lean and overweight groups. BMI was correlated with TSH, FT3, FT3/FT4 and adipo-IR (r = 0.309, 0.315, 0.322 and 0.651, respectively, all P < 0.001). Adipo-IR was significantly correlated with TSH (r = 0.402, P < 0.001), FT3 (r = 0.309, P < 0.001), and FT3/FT4 (r = 0.228, P < 0.05). Bariatric surgery resulted in a sharp decline in BMI, adipo-IR, TSH, FT3 and FT3/FT4 levels, meanwhile, metabolic disorders improved. The decrease in BMI after bariatric surgery was significantly correlated with reductions in adipo-IR (r = 0.577, P < 0.001) and TSH (r = 0.401, P = 0.005). Interestingly, the fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, adipo-IR and TSH in the higher TSH group decreased more remarkably than in the lower TSH group. CONCLUSION Obese individuals with higher TSH levels had an obvious metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Bian
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Departments of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Liu or H Meng or G Wang: or or
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Liu or H Meng or G Wang: or or
| | - Yinhui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Liu or H Meng or G Wang: or or
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Liu or H Meng or G Wang: or or
| | - Hua Meng
- Departments of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Liu or H Meng or G Wang: or or
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Liu or H Meng or G Wang: or or
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Homan EP, Brandão BB, Softic S, El Ouaamari A, O’Neill BT, Kulkarni RN, Kim JK, Kahn CR. Differential roles of FOXO transcription factors on insulin action in brown and white adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143328. [PMID: 34428182 PMCID: PMC8483763 DOI: 10.1172/jci143328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and IGF-1 are essential for adipocyte differentiation and function. Mice lacking insulin and IGF-1 receptors in fat (FIGIR-KO, fat-specific IGF-1 receptor and insulin receptor-KO) exhibit complete loss of white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT), glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, and cold intolerance. To determine the role of FOXO transcription factors in the altered adipose phenotype, we generated FIGIR-KO mice with fat-specific KO of fat-expressed Foxos [Foxo1, Foxo3, Foxo4] (F-Quint-KO). Unlike FIGIR-KO mice, F-Quint-KO mice had normal BAT, glucose tolerance, insulin-regulated hepatic glucose production, and cold tolerance. However, loss of FOXOs only partially rescued subcutaneous WAT and hepatosteatosis, did not rescue perigonadal WAT or systemic insulin resistance, and led to even more marked hyperinsulinemia. Thus, FOXOs play different roles in insulin/IGF-1 action in different adipose depots, being most important in BAT, followed by subcutaneous WAT and then by visceral WAT. Disruption of FOXOs in fat also led to a reversal of insulin resistance in liver, but not in skeletal muscle, and an exacerbation of hyperinsulinemia. Thus, adipose FOXOs play a unique role in regulating crosstalk between adipose depots, liver, and β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Homan
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruna B. Brandão
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian T. O’Neill
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine and
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Corsa CAS, Walsh CM, Bagchi DP, Foss Freitas MC, Li Z, Hardij J, Granger K, Mori H, Schill RL, Lewis KT, Maung JN, Azaria RD, Rothberg AE, Oral EA, MacDougald OA. Adipocyte-Specific Deletion of Lamin A/C Largely Models Human Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Type 2. Diabetes 2021; 70:1970-1984. [PMID: 34088712 PMCID: PMC8576431 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms by which autosomal recessive mutations in Lmna cause familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) are poorly understood. To investigate the function of lamin A/C in adipose tissue, we created mice with an adipocyte-specific loss of Lmna (Lmna ADKO). Although Lmna ADKO mice develop and maintain adipose tissues in early postnatal life, they show a striking and progressive loss of white and brown adipose tissues as they approach sexual maturity. Lmna ADKO mice exhibit surprisingly mild metabolic dysfunction on a chow diet, but on a high-fat diet they share many characteristics of FPLD2 including hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and almost undetectable circulating adiponectin and leptin. Whereas Lmna ADKO mice have reduced regulated and constitutive bone marrow adipose tissue with a concomitant increase in cortical bone, FPLD2 patients have reduced bone mass and bone mineral density compared with controls. In cell culture models of Lmna deficiency, mesenchymal precursors undergo adipogenesis without impairment, whereas fully differentiated adipocytes have increased lipolytic responses to adrenergic stimuli. Lmna ADKO mice faithfully reproduce many characteristics of FPLD2 and thus provide a unique animal model to investigate mechanisms underlying Lmna-dependent loss of adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie A S Corsa
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carolyn M Walsh
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Maria C Foss Freitas
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julie Hardij
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Katrina Granger
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica N Maung
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ruth D Azaria
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Amy E Rothberg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Elif A Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Hoffmann A, Ebert T, Hankir MK, Flehmig G, Klöting N, Jessnitzer B, Lössner U, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Fasshauer M, Tönjes A, Miehle K, Kralisch S. Leptin Improves Parameters of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Lipodystrophic Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2499. [PMID: 34444659 PMCID: PMC8399124 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes (LD) are a heterogeneous group of very rare congenital or acquired disorders characterized by a generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue. They are strongly associated with severe metabolic dysfunction due to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and other organs and the dysregulation of several key adipokines, including leptin. Treatment with leptin or its analogues is therefore sufficient to reverse some of the metabolic symptoms of LD in patients and in mouse models through distinct mechanisms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an important regulator of systemic metabolism in rodents and in humans, but it is poorly understood how leptin impacts BAT in LD. Here, we show in transgenic C57Bl/6 mice overexpressing sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in adipose tissue (Tg (aP2-nSREBP1c)), an established model of congenital LD, that daily subcutaneous administration of 3 mg/kg leptin for 6 to 8 weeks increases body temperature without affecting food intake or body weight. This is associated with increased protein expression of the thermogenic molecule uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in BAT. These findings suggest that leptin treatment in LD stimulates BAT thermogenesis through sympathetic nerves, which might contribute to some of its metabolic benefits by providing a healthy reservoir for excess circulating nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Hoffmann
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Gesine Flehmig
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Beate Jessnitzer
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Ulrike Lössner
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Konstanze Miehle
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Susan Kralisch
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.E.); (G.F.); (B.J.); (U.L.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.T.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
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42
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White MF, Kahn CR. Insulin action at a molecular level - 100 years of progress. Mol Metab 2021; 52:101304. [PMID: 34274528 PMCID: PMC8551477 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The availability of purified insulin allowed for the establishment of its physiological role in the regulation of blood glucose and ketones, the determination of its amino acid sequence, and the solving of its structure. Over the last 50 years, the function of insulin has been applied into the discovery of the insulin receptor and its signaling cascade to reveal the role of impaired insulin signaling-or resistance-in the progression of type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that insulin signaling can impact not only classical insulin-sensitive tissues, but all tissues of the body, and that in many of these tissues the insulin signaling cascade regulates unexpected physiological functions. Despite these remarkable advances, much remains to be learned about both insulin signaling and how to use this molecular knowledge to advance the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris F White
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Proniewski B, Bar A, Kieronska-Rudek A, Suraj-Prażmowska J, Buczek E, Czamara K, Majka Z, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Kwiatkowski G, Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda K, Chlopicki S. Systemic Administration of Insulin Receptor Antagonist Results in Endothelial and Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061448. [PMID: 34207844 PMCID: PMC8230211 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia linked to diabetes results in endothelial dysfunction. In the present work, we comprehensively characterized effects of short-term hyperglycemia induced by administration of an insulin receptor antagonist, the S961 peptide, on endothelium and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in mice. Endothelial function of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in 12-week-old male C57Bl/6Jrj mice treated for two weeks with S961 infusion via osmotic pumps was assessed in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo by detection of nitric oxide (NO) production using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additional methods were used to analyze PVAT, aortic segments and endothelial-specific plasma biomarkers. Systemic disruption of insulin signaling resulted in severe impairment of NO-dependent endothelial function and a loss of vasoprotective function of PVAT affecting the thoracic as well as abdominal parts of the aorta, however a fall in adiponectin expression and decreased uncoupling protein 1-positive area were more pronounced in the thoracic aorta. Results suggest that dysfunctional PVAT contributes to vascular pathology induced by altered insulin signaling in diabetes, in the absence of fat overload and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
| | - Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prażmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
| | - Elżbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
| | - Zuzanna Majka
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
| | - Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
| | - Karolina Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (A.B.); (A.K.-R.); (J.S.-P.); (E.B.); (K.C.); (Z.M.); (I.C.-C.); (G.K.); (K.M.-G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Wang Z, Wang QA, Liu Y, Jiang L. Energy metabolism in brown adipose tissue. FEBS J 2021; 288:3647-3662. [PMID: 34028971 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is well known to burn calories through uncoupled respiration, producing heat to maintain body temperature. This 'calorie wasting' feature makes BAT a special tissue, which can function as an 'energy sink' in mammals. While a combination of high energy intake and low energy expenditure is the leading cause of overweight and obesity in modern society, activating a safe 'energy sink' has been proposed as a promising obesity treatment strategy. Metabolically, lipids and glucose have been viewed as the major energy substrates in BAT, while succinate, lactate, branched-chain amino acids, and other metabolites can also serve as energy substrates for thermogenesis. Since the cataplerotic and anaplerotic reactions of these metabolites interconnect with each other, BAT relies on its dynamic, flexible, and complex metabolism to support its special function. In this review, we summarize how BAT orchestrates the metabolic utilization of various nutrients to support thermogenesis and contributes to whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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45
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Morigny P, Boucher J, Arner P, Langin D. Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:276-295. [PMID: 33627836 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the white adipocyte is a cell type that is specialized for storage of energy (in the form of triacylglycerols) and for energy mobilization (as fatty acids). White adipocyte metabolism confers an essential role to adipose tissue in whole-body homeostasis. Dysfunction in white adipocyte metabolism is a cardinal event in the development of insulin resistance and associated disorders. This Review focuses on our current understanding of lipid and glucose metabolic pathways in the white adipocyte. We survey recent advances in humans on the importance of adipocyte hypertrophy and on the in vivo turnover of adipocytes and stored lipids. At the molecular level, the identification of novel regulators and of the interplay between metabolic pathways explains the fine-tuning between the anabolic and catabolic fates of fatty acids and glucose in different physiological states. We also examine the metabolic alterations involved in the genesis of obesity-associated metabolic disorders, lipodystrophic states, cancers and cancer-associated cachexia. New challenges include defining the heterogeneity of white adipocytes in different anatomical locations throughout the lifespan and investigating the importance of rhythmic processes. Targeting white fat metabolism offers opportunities for improved patient stratification and a wide, yet unexploited, range of therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Morigny
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, I2MC, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
- University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, I2MC, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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46
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Moser C, Straub LG, Rachamin Y, Dapito DH, Kulenkampff E, Ding L, Sun W, Modica S, Balaz M, Wolfrum C. Quantification of adipocyte numbers following adipose tissue remodeling. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109023. [PMID: 33909996 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the capacity of white and brown adipose tissue remodeling, we developed two mouse lines to label, quantitatively trace, and ablate white, brown, and brite/beige adipocytes at different ambient temperatures. We show here that the brown adipocytes are recruited first and reach a peak after 1 week of cold stimulation followed by a decline during prolonged cold exposure. On the contrary, brite/beige cell numbers plateau after 3 weeks of cold exposure. At thermoneutrality, brown adipose tissue, in spite of being masked by a white-like morphology, retains its brown-like physiology, as Ucp1+ cells can be recovered immediately upon beta3-adrenergic stimulation. We further demonstrate that the recruitment of Ucp1+ cells in response to cold is driven by existing adipocytes. In contrast, the regeneration of the interscapular brown adipose tissue following ablation of Ucp1+ cells is driven by de novo differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moser
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Straub
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Yael Rachamin
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Dianne H Dapito
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kulenkampff
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Lianggong Ding
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Modica
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland.
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Wang J, Dai P, Zou T, Lv Y, Zhao W, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Transcriptome analysis of the transdifferentiation of canine BMSCs into insulin producing cells. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:134. [PMID: 33632121 PMCID: PMC7905582 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a potential resource for the clinical therapy of certain diseases. Canine, as a companion animal, living in the same space with human, is an ideal new model for human diseases research. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes, alternative transplantation islets resource (i.e. insulin producing cells) for diabetes treatment will be in urgent need, which makes our research on the transdifferentiation of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells become more important. Result In this study, we completed the transdifferentiation process and achieved the transcriptome profiling of five samples with two biological duplicates, namely, “BMSCs”, “islets”, “stage 1”, “stage 2” and “stage 3”, and the latter three samples were achieved on the second, fifth and eighth day of induction. A total of 11,530 differentially expressed transcripts were revealed in the profiling data. The enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed several signaling pathways that are essential for regulating proliferation and transdifferentiation, including focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, tight junction, protein digestion and absorption, and the Rap1 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the obtained protein–protein interaction network and functional identification indicating involvement of three genes, SSTR2, RPS6KA6, and VIP could act as a foundation for further research. Conclusion In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey of the transdifferentiation of canine BMSCs into insulin-producing cells according with the timeline using next-generation sequencing technology. The three key genes we pick out may regulate decisive genes during the development of transdifferentiation of insulin producing cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07426-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglu Wang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Pengxiu Dai
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zou
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yangou Lv
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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Charrier A, Xu X, Guan BJ, Ngo J, Wynshaw-Boris A, Hatzoglou M, Buchner DA. Adipocyte-specific deletion of zinc finger protein 407 results in lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111109. [PMID: 33285243 PMCID: PMC7813145 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PPARγ deficiency in humans and model organisms impairs the transcriptional control of adipogenesis and mature adipocyte function resulting in lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. Zinc finger protein 407 (ZFP407) positively regulates PPARγ target gene expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cultured adipocytes. The in vivo physiological role of ZFP407 in mature adipocytes, however, remains to be elucidated. Here we generated adipocyte-specific ZFP407 knockout (AZKO) mice and discovered a partial lipodystrophic phenotype with reduced fat mass, hypertrophic adipocytes in inguinal and brown adipose tissue, and reduced adipogenic gene expression. The lipodystrophy was further exacerbated in AZKO mice fed a high-fat diet. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed decreased insulin sensitivity in AZKO mice compared to control littermates. Cell-based assays demonstrated that ZFP407 is also required for adipogenesis, which may also contribute to the lipodystrophic phenotype. These results demonstrate an essential in vivo role of ZFP407 in brown and white adipose tissue formation and organismal insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Justine Ngo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Diwekar-Joshi M, Watve M. Driver versus navigator causation in biology: the case of insulin and fasting glucose. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10396. [PMID: 33365205 PMCID: PMC7735078 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In biomedicine, inferring causal relation from experimental intervention or perturbation is believed to be a more reliable approach than inferring causation from cross-sectional correlation. However, we point out here that even in interventional inference there are logical traps. In homeostatic systems, causality in a steady state can be qualitatively different from that in a perturbed state. On a broader scale there is a need to differentiate driver causality from navigator causality. A driver is essential for reaching a destination but may not have any role in deciding the destination. A navigator on the other hand has a role in deciding the destination and the path but may not be able to drive the system to the destination. The failure to differentiate between types of causalities is likely to have resulted into many misinterpretations in physiology and biomedicine. METHODS We illustrate this by critically re-examining a specific case of the causal role of insulin in glucose homeostasis using five different approaches (1) Systematic review of tissue specific insulin receptor knock-outs, (2) Systematic review of insulin suppression and insulin enhancement experiments, (3) Differentiating steady state and post-meal state glucose levels in streptozotocin treated rats in primary experiments, (4) Mathematical and theoretical considerations and (5) Glucose-insulin relationship in human epidemiological data. RESULTS All the approaches converge on the inference that although insulin action hastens the return to a steady state after a glucose load, there is no evidence that insulin action determines the steady state level of glucose. Insulin, unlike the popular belief in medicine, appears to be a driver but not a navigator for steady state glucose level. It is quite likely therefore that the current line of clinical action in the field of type 2 diabetes has limited success largely because it is based on a misinterpretation of glucose-insulin relationship. The insulin-glucose example suggests that we may have to carefully re-examine causal inferences from perturbation experiments and set up revised norms for experimental design for causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manawa Diwekar-Joshi
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind Watve
- Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Adipose, or fat, tissue (AT) was once considered an inert tissue that primarily existed to store lipids, and was not historically recognized as an important organ in the regulation and maintenance of health. With the rise of obesity and more rigorous research, AT is now recognized as a highly complex metabolic organ involved in a host of important physiological functions, including glucose homeostasis and a multitude of endocrine capabilities. AT dysfunction has been implicated in several disease states, most notably obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The study of AT has provided useful insight in developing strategies to combat these highly prevalent metabolic diseases. This review highlights the major functions of adipose tissue and the consequences that can occur when disruption of these functions leads to systemic metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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