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Niu F, Liu W, Ren Y, Tian Y, Shi W, Li M, Li Y, Xiong Y, Qian L. β-cell neogenesis: A rising star to rescue diabetes mellitus. J Adv Res 2024; 62:71-89. [PMID: 37839502 PMCID: PMC11331176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose, is caused by various degrees of insulin resistance and dysfunctional insulin secretion, resulting in hyperglycemia. The loss and failure of functional β-cells are key mechanisms resulting in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM OF REVIEW Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of β-cell failure, and exploring approaches for β-cell neogenesis to reverse β-cell dysfunction may provide novel strategies for DM therapy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Emerging studies reveal that genetic susceptibility, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, islet inflammation, and protein modification linked to multiple signaling pathways contribute to DM pathogenesis. Over the past few years, replenishing functional β-cell by β-cell neogenesis to restore the number and function of pancreatic β-cells has remarkably exhibited a promising therapeutic approach for DM therapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms of β-cell failure in DM, highlight the effective approaches for β-cell neogenesis, as well as discuss the current clinical and preclinical agents research advances of β-cell neogenesis. Insights into the challenges of translating β-cell neogenesis into clinical application for DM treatment are also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Niu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhen Shi
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Medical Research Center, the affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Chen Y, Yin X, Xu R, Ruze R, Song J, Yin C, Hu C, Wang C, Xu Q, Zhao Y. Cancer-Associated Endocrine Cells Participate in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05225-9. [PMID: 39048054 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pancreas is composed of endocrine and exocrine parts, and its interlacing structure indicates potential interaction between endocrine and exocrine cells. Although the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been well characterized, the role of pancreatic endocrine cells during carcinogenesis is relatively understudied. METHODS The changes of endocrine cells in PDAC by single-cell transcriptome sequencing, spatial transcriptome sequencing, and multiplex immunohistochemistry were depicted. After that, the interaction between pancreatic carcinogenesis and endocrine changes was explored in orthotopic transplantation mice, KrasLSL-G12DPdx1-Cre mice, and KrasLSL-G12Dp53LoxPPdx1-CreER mice. Finally, we proved the mechanism of the interaction between endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas through islet isolation, co-culture in vitro and co-injection in vivo. RESULTS Pancreatic endocrine cells displayed significantly different transcriptomic characteristics and increased interaction with exocrine part in PDAC. Specifically, among all of the changes, pancreatic polypeptide-positive cells showed a sharp increment accompanied by the progression of the cancer lesion, which might be derived from the transdifferentiation of α and β cells. Interestingly, it was proved that PDAC cells were able to induce the transdifferentiation of pancreatic α cells and β cells into glucagon-pancreatic polypeptide and insulin-pancreatic polypeptide double-positive cells, which further promoted carcinogenesis and development of PDAC in a paracrine-dependent manner and formed a reciprocal interaction. CONCLUSIONS This study systematically maps the alteration of pancreatic endocrine cells in PDAC and elucidates the potential endocrine-exocrine interaction mechanisms during PDAC carcinogenesis. In addition, cancer-associated endocrine cells are defined and characterized, thereby further broadening the composition of PDAC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxue Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China; National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Rosselot C, Li Y, Wang P, Alvarsson A, Beliard K, Lu G, Kang R, Li R, Liu H, Gillespie V, Tzavaras N, Kumar K, DeVita RJ, Stewart AF, Stanley SA, Garcia-Ocaña A. Harmine and exendin-4 combination therapy safely expands human β cell mass in vivo in a mouse xenograft system. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg3456. [PMID: 38985854 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Five hundred thirty-seven million people globally suffer from diabetes. Insulin-producing β cells are reduced in number in most people with diabetes, but most individuals still have some residual β cells. However, none of the many diabetes drugs in common use increases human β cell numbers. Recently, small molecules that inhibit dual tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) have been shown to induce immunohistochemical markers of human β cell replication, and this is enhanced by drugs that stimulate the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor (GLP1R) on β cells. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether these immunohistochemical findings translate into an actual increase in human β cell numbers in vivo. It is also unknown whether DYRK1A inhibitors together with GLP1R agonists (GLP1RAs) affect human β cell survival. Here, using an optimized immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs (iDISCO+) protocol in mouse kidneys bearing human islet grafts, we demonstrate that combination of a DYRK1A inhibitor with exendin-4 increases actual human β cell mass in vivo by a mean of four- to sevenfold in diabetic and nondiabetic mice over 3 months and reverses diabetes, without alteration in human α cell mass. The augmentation in human β cell mass occurred through mechanisms that included enhanced human β cell proliferation, function, and survival. The increase in human β cell survival was mediated, in part, by the islet prohormone VGF. Together, these findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential and favorable preclinical safety profile of the DYRK1A inhibitor-GLP1RA combination for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rosselot
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yansui Li
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kara Beliard
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Geming Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Randy Kang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rosemary Li
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Virginia Gillespie
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tzavaras
- Microscopy CoRE and Advanced Bioimaging Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert J DeVita
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Mathisen AF, Larsen U, Kavli N, Unger L, Daian LM, Vacaru AM, Vacaru AM, Herrera PL, Ghila L, Chera S. Moderate beta-cell ablation triggers synergic compensatory mechanisms even in the absence of overt metabolic disruption. Commun Biol 2024; 7:833. [PMID: 38982170 PMCID: PMC11233560 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration, the ability to replace injured tissues and organs, is a phenomenon commonly associated with lower vertebrates but is also observed in mammals, in specific tissues. In this study, we investigated the regenerative potential of pancreatic islets following moderate beta-cell loss in mice. Using a rapid model of moderate ablation, we observed a compensatory response characterized by transient inflammation and proliferation signatures, ultimately leading to the recovery of beta-cell identity and function. Interestingly, this proliferative response occurred independently of inflammation, as demonstrated in ablated immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, exposure to high-fat diet stimulated beta-cell proliferation but negatively impacted beta-cell function. In contrast, an equivalent slower ablation model revealed a delayed but similar proliferative response, suggesting proliferation as a common regenerative response. However, high-fat diet failed to promote proliferation in this model, indicating a differential response to metabolic stressors. Overall, our findings shed light on the complex interplay between beta-cell loss, inflammation, and stress in modulating pancreatic islet regeneration. Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies based on beta-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frøslev Mathisen
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrik Larsen
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Natalie Kavli
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lucas Unger
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Maria Daian
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Mircea Vacaru
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Vacaru
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Pedro Luis Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Chernysheva МB, Ruchko ЕS, Karimova МV, Vorotelyak ЕA, Vasiliev АV. Development, regeneration, and physiological expansion of functional β-cells: Cellular sources and regulators. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1424278. [PMID: 39045459 PMCID: PMC11263198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1424278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic regeneration is a complex process observed in both normal and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emergence of a functionally active population of insulin-secreting β-cells in the adult pancreas. The renewal of β-cells is governed by a multifaceted interaction between cellular sources of genetic and epigenetic factors. Understanding the development and heterogeneity of β-cell populations is crucial for functional β-cell regeneration. The functional mass of pancreatic β-cells increases in situations such as pregnancy and obesity. However, the specific markers of mature β-cell populations and postnatal pancreatic progenitors capable of increasing self-reproduction in these conditions remain to be elucidated. The capacity to regenerate the β-cell population through various pathways, including the proliferation of pre-existing β-cells, β-cell neogenesis, differentiation of β-cells from a population of progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of non-β-cells into β-cells, reveals crucial molecular mechanisms for identifying cellular sources and inducers of functional cell renewal. This provides an opportunity to identify specific cellular sources and mechanisms of regeneration, which could have clinical applications in treating various pathologies, including in vitro cell-based technologies, and deepen our understanding of regeneration in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. B. Chernysheva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е. S. Ruchko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - М. V. Karimova
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, The Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Е. A. Vorotelyak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - А. V. Vasiliev
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
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Li Y, Xu M, Chen J, Huang J, Cao J, Chen H, Zhang J, Luo Y, Wang Y, Sun J. Ameliorating and refining islet organoids to illuminate treatment and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:188. [PMID: 38937834 PMCID: PMC11210168 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a significant global public health challenge, severely impacts human health worldwide. The organoid, an innovative in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture model, closely mimics tissues or organs in vivo. Insulin-secreting islet organoid, derived from stem cells induced in vitro with 3D structures, has emerged as a potential alternative for islet transplantation and as a possible disease model that mirrors the human body's in vivo environment, eliminating species difference. This technology has gained considerable attention for its potential in diabetes treatment. Despite advances, the process of stem cell differentiation into islet organoid and its cultivation demonstrates deficiencies, prompting ongoing efforts to develop more efficient differentiation protocols and 3D biomimetic materials. At present, the constructed islet organoid exhibit limitations in their composition, structure, and functionality when compared to natural islets. Consequently, further research is imperative to achieve a multi-tissue system composition and improved insulin secretion functionality in islet organoid, while addressing transplantation-related safety concerns, such as tumorigenicity, immune rejection, infection, and thrombosis. This review delves into the methodologies and strategies for constructing the islet organoid, its application in diabetes treatment, and the pivotal scientific challenges within organoid research, offering fresh perspectives for a deeper understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Cao
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajing Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yin J, Huang Y, Wang K, Zhong Q, Liu Y, Ji Z, Liao Y, Ma Z, Bei W, Wang W. Ginseng extract improves pancreatic islet injury and promotes β-cell regeneration in T2DM mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407200. [PMID: 38989151 PMCID: PMC11234855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Araliaceae; Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), a traditional plant commonly utilized in Eastern Asia, has demonstrated efficacy in treating neuro-damaging diseases and diabetes mellitus. However, its precise roles and mechanism in alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need further study. The objective of this study is to explore the pharmacological effects of ginseng extract and elucidate its potential mechanisms in protecting islets and promoting β-cell regeneration. Methods The T2DM mouse model was induced through streptozotocin combined with a high-fat diet. Two batches of mice were sacrificed on the 7th and 28th days following ginseng extract administration. Body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and glucose tolerance were detected. Morphological changes in the pancreatic islets were examined via H & E staining. Levels of serum insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and inflammatory factors were measured using ELISA. The ability of ginseng extract to promote pancreatic islet β-cell regeneration was evaluated through insulin & PCNA double immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the mechanism behind β-cells regeneration was explored through insulin & glucagon double immunofluorescence staining, accompanied by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analyses. Results and Discussion The present research revealed that ginseng extract alleviates symptoms of T2DM in mice, including decreased blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance. Serum levels of insulin, GLP-1, and IL-10 increased following the administration of ginseng extract, while levels of glucagon, TNF-α, and IL-1β decreased. Ginseng extract preserved normal islet morphology, increased nascent β-cell population, and inhibited inflammatory infiltration within the islets, moreover, it decreased α-cell proportion while increasing β-cell proportion. Mechanistically, ginseng extract might inhibit ARX and MAFB expressions, increase MAFA level to aid in α-cell to β-cell transformation, and activate AKT-FOXM1/cyclin D2 to enhance β-cell proliferation. Our study suggests that ginseng extract may be a promising therapy in treating T2DM, especially in those with islet injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Yin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfeng Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zirui Ji
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Liao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Baishan Institute of Science and Technology, Baishan, Jilin, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Patel S, Remedi MS. Loss of β-cell identity and dedifferentiation, not an irreversible process? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1414447. [PMID: 38915897 PMCID: PMC11194313 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1414447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and impaired insulin secretion by the pancreas. While the decline in insulin production and secretion was previously attributed to apoptosis of insulin-producing β-cells, recent studies indicate that β-cell apoptosis rates are relatively low in diabetes. Instead, β-cells primarily undergo dedifferentiation, a process where they lose their specialized identity and transition into non-functional endocrine progenitor-like cells, ultimately leading to β-cell failure. The underlying mechanisms driving β-cell dedifferentiation remain elusive due to the intricate interplay of genetic factors and cellular stress. Understanding these mechanisms holds the potential to inform innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at reversing β-cell dedifferentiation in T2D. This review explores the proposed drivers of β-cell dedifferentiation leading to β-cell failure, and discusses current interventions capable of reversing this process, thus restoring β-cell identity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maria S. Remedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Deparment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
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9
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Spezani R, Reis-Barbosa PH, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Update on the transdifferentiation of pancreatic cells into functional beta cells for treating diabetes. Life Sci 2024; 346:122645. [PMID: 38614297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence and associated comorbidities need innovative approaches for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention and treatment. Genetics contributes significantly to T2DM susceptibility, and genetic counseling is significant in detecting and informing people about the diabetic risk. T2DM is also intricately linked to overnutrition and obesity, and nutritional advising is beneficial to mitigate diabetic evolution. However, manipulating pancreatic cell plasticity and transdifferentiation could help beta cell regeneration and glucose homeostasis, effectively contributing to the antidiabetic fight. Targeted modulation of transcription factors is highlighted for their roles in various aspects of pancreatic cell differentiation and function, inducing non-beta cells' conversion into functional beta cells (responsive to glucose). In addition, pharmacological interventions targeting specific receptors and pathways might facilitate cell transdifferentiation aiming to maintain or increase beta cell mass and function. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular reprogramming are not yet well understood. The present review highlights the primary transcriptional factors in the endocrine pancreas, focusing on transdifferentiation as a primary mechanism. Therefore, islet cell reprogramming, converting one cell type to another and transforming non-beta cells into insulin-producing cells, depends, among others, on transcription factors. It is a promising fact that new transcription factors are discovered every day, and their actions on pancreatic islet cells are revealed. Exploring these pathways associated with pancreatic development and islet endocrine cell differentiation could unravel the molecular intricacies underlying transdifferentiation processes, exploring novel therapeutic strategies to treat diabetes. The medical use of this biotechnology is expected to be achievable within a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spezani
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Reis-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Guo T, Zhang H, Luo Y, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang G. Global Trends and Frontier in Research on Pancreatic Alpha Cells: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2013 to 2023. CLIN INVEST MED 2024; 47:23-39. [PMID: 38958477 DOI: 10.3138/cim-2024-2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the past 20 years, much of the research on diabetes has focused on pancreatic beta cells. In the last 10 years, interest in the important role of pancreatic alpha cells in the pathogenesis of diabetes, which had previously received little attention, has grown. We aimed to summarize and visualize the hotspot and development trends of pancreatic alpha cells through bibliometric analysis and to provide research direction and future ideas for the treatment of diabetes and other islet-related diseases. METHODS We used two scientometric software packages (CiteSpace 6.1.R6 and VOSviewer1.6.18) to visualize the information and connection of countries, institutions, authors, and keywords in this field. RESULTS A total of 532 publications, published in 752 institutions in 46 countries and regions, were included in this analysis. The United States showed the highest output, accounting for 39.3% of the total number of published papers. The most active institution was Vanderbilt University, and the authors with highest productivity came from Ulster University. In recent years, research hotspots have concentrated on transdifferentiation, gene expression, and GLP-1 regulatory function. Visualization analysis shows that research hotspots mainly focus on clinical diseases as well as physiological and pathological mechanisms and related biochemical indicators. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a review and summary of the literature on pancreatic alpha cells through bibliometric and visual methods and shows research hotspot and development trends, which can guide future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangde Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Mi J, Ren L, Andersson O. Leveraging zebrafish to investigate pancreatic development, regeneration, and diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00124-2. [PMID: 38825440 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become an outstanding model for studying organ development and tissue regeneration, which is prominently leveraged for studies of pancreatic development, insulin-producing β-cells, and diabetes. Although studied for more than two decades, many aspects remain elusive and it has only recently been possible to investigate these due to technical advances in transcriptomics, chemical-genetics, genome editing, drug screening, and in vivo imaging. Here, we review recent findings on zebrafish pancreas development, β-cell regeneration, and how zebrafish can be used to provide novel insights into gene functions, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in diabetes, inspiring further use of zebrafish for the development of novel therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Mi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Lipeng Ren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Mićanović D, Stanisavljević S, Li H, Koprivica I, Jonić N, Stojanović I, Savković V, Saksida T. Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Mouse Hair Follicles Inhibit the Development of Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5974. [PMID: 38892159 PMCID: PMC11172537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their immunosuppressive properties. Based on the demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect of mouse MSCs from hair follicles (moMSCORS) in a murine wound closure model, this study evaluates their potential for preventing type 1 diabetes (T1D) in C57BL/6 mice. T1D was induced in C57BL/6 mice by repeated low doses of streptozotocin. moMSCORS were injected intravenously on weekly basis. moMSCORS reduced T1D incidence, the insulitis stage, and preserved insulin production in treated animals. moMSCORS primarily exerted immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. Ex vivo analysis indicated that moMSCORS modified the cellular immune profile within pancreatic lymph nodes and pancreatic infiltrates by reducing the numbers of M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages and T helper 17 cells and upscaling the immunosuppressive T regulatory cells. The proportion of pathogenic insulin-specific CD4+ T cells was down-scaled in the lymph nodes, likely via soluble factors. The moMSCORS detected in the pancreatic infiltrates of treated mice presumably exerted the observed suppressive effect on CD4+ through direct contact. moMSCORS alleviated T1D symptoms in the mouse, qualifying as a candidate for therapeutic products by multiple advantages: non-invasive sampling by epilation, easy access, permanent availability, scalability, and benefits of auto-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Mićanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (N.J.); (I.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Suzana Stanisavljević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (N.J.); (I.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Hanluo Li
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivan Koprivica
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (N.J.); (I.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Natalija Jonić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (N.J.); (I.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (N.J.); (I.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Vuk Savković
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (N.J.); (I.S.); (T.S.)
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13
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Yang K, Zhang Y, Ding J, Li Z, Zhang H, Zou F. Autoimmune CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes: from single-cell RNA sequencing to T-cell receptor redirection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1377322. [PMID: 38800484 PMCID: PMC11116783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1377322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by pancreatic β cell destruction and mediated primarily by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. It has been shown that only a small number of stem cell-like β cell-specific CD8+ T cells are needed to convert normal mice into T1D mice; thus, it is likely that T1D can be cured or significantly improved by modulating or altering self-reactive CD8+ T cells. However, stem cell-type, effector and exhausted CD8+ T cells play intricate and important roles in T1D. The highly diverse T-cell receptors (TCRs) also make precise and stable targeted therapy more difficult. Therefore, this review will investigate the mechanisms of autoimmune CD8+ T cells and TCRs in T1D, as well as the related single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-Seq), CRISPR/Cas9, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) and T-cell receptor-gene engineered T cells (TCR-T), for a detailed and clear overview. This review highlights that targeting CD8+ T cells and their TCRs may be a potential strategy for predicting or treating T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- The First Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hejin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Azad A, Altunbas HA, Manguoglu AE. From islet transplantation to beta-cell regeneration: an update on beta-cell-based therapeutic approaches in type 1 diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:217-227. [PMID: 38693782 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2347263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mellitus is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells, predominantly effector T cells, destroy insulin-secreting beta-cells. Beta-cell destruction led to various consequences ranging from retinopathy and nephropathy to neuropathy. Different strategies have been developed to achieve normoglycemia, including exogenous glucose compensation, whole pancreas transplantation, islet transplantation, and beta-cell replacement. AREAS COVERED The last two decades of experience have shown that indigenous glucose compensation through beta-cell regeneration and protection is a peerless method for T1D therapy. Tremendous studies have tried to find an unlimited source for beta-cell regeneration, on the one hand, and beta-cell protection against immune attack, on the other hand. Recent advances in stem cell technology, gene editing methods, and immune modulation approaches provide a unique opportunity for both beta-cell regeneration and protection. EXPERT OPINION Pluripotent stem cell differentiation into the beta-cell is considered an unlimited source for beta-cell regeneration. Devising engineered pancreas-specific regulatory T cells using Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) technology potentiates an effective immune tolerance induction for beta-cell protection. Beta-cell regeneration using pluripotent stem cells and beta-cell protection using pancreas-specific engineered regulatory T cells promises to develop a curative protocol in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asef Azad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Altunbas
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayse Esra Manguoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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15
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Bourgeois S, Coenen S, Degroote L, Willems L, Van Mulders A, Pierreux J, Heremans Y, De Leu N, Staels W. Harnessing beta cell regeneration biology for diabetes therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38644094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic scale of diabetes mellitus is alarming, its complications remain devastating, and current treatments still pose a major burden on those affected and on the healthcare system as a whole. As the disease emanates from the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, a real cure requires their restoration and protection. An attractive strategy is to regenerate β-cells directly within the pancreas; however, while several approaches for β-cell regeneration have been proposed in the past, clinical translation has proven challenging. This review scrutinizes recent findings in β-cell regeneration and discusses their potential clinical implementation. Hereby, we aim to delineate a path for innovative, targeted therapies to help shift from 'caring for' to 'curing' diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Coenen
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Degroote
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Willems
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Pierreux
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Willem Staels
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Cui D, Feng X, Lei S, Zhang H, Hu W, Yang S, Yu X, Su Z. Pancreatic β-cell failure, clinical implications, and therapeutic strategies in type 2 diabetes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:791-805. [PMID: 38479993 PMCID: PMC10997226 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic β-cell failure due to a reduction in function and mass has been defined as a primary contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reserving insulin-producing β-cells and hence restoring insulin production are gaining attention in translational diabetes research, and β-cell replenishment has been the main focus for diabetes treatment. Significant findings in β-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, pluripotent stem cell differentiation, and associated small molecules have served as promising strategies to regenerate β-cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in β-cell dynamic processes under physiological and diabetic conditions, in which genetic factors, age-related alterations, metabolic stresses, and compromised identity are critical factors contributing to β-cell failure in T2D. The article also focuses on recent advances in therapeutic strategies for diabetes treatment by promoting β-cell proliferation, inducing non-β-cell transdifferentiation, and reprograming stem cell differentiation. Although a significant challenge remains for each of these strategies, the recognition of the mechanisms responsible for β-cell development and mature endocrine cell plasticity and remarkable advances in the generation of exogenous β-cells from stem cells and single-cell studies pave the way for developing potential approaches to cure diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Cui
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xingrong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Siman Lei
- Clinical Translational Innovation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wanxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Clinical Translational Innovation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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17
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McCarty SM, Clasby MC, Sexton JZ. High-Throughput Methods for the Discovery of Small Molecule Modulators of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function and Regeneration. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:148-159. [PMID: 38526231 PMCID: PMC11236284 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of type II diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a complex and highly variable loss of beta-cell mass, resulting in impaired insulin secretion. Many T2D drug discovery efforts aimed at discovering molecules that can protect or restore beta-cell mass and function have been developed using limited beta-cell lines and primary rodent/human pancreatic islets. Various high-throughput screening methods have been used in the context of drug discovery, including luciferase-based reporter assays, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and high-content screening. In this context, a cornerstone of small molecule discovery has been the use of immortalized rodent beta-cell lines. Although insightful, this usage has led to a more comprehensive understanding of rodent beta-cell proliferation pathways rather than their human counterparts. Advantages gained in enhanced physiological relevance are offered by three-dimensional (3D) primary islets and pseudoislets in contrast to monolayer cultures, but these approaches have been limited to use in low-throughput experiments. Emerging methods, such as high-throughput 3D islet imaging coupled with machine learning, aim to increase the feasibility of integrating 3D microtissue structures into high-throughput screening. This review explores the current methods used in high-throughput screening for small molecule modulators of beta-cell mass and function, a potentially pivotal strategy for diabetes drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. McCarty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin C. Clasby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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18
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Lang H, Lin N, Chen X, Xiang J, Zhang X, Kang C. Repressing miR-23a promotes the transdifferentiation of pancreatic α cells to β cells via negatively regulating the expression of SDF-1α. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299821. [PMID: 38517864 PMCID: PMC10959391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure is a pathological feature in type 1 diabetes. One promising approach involves inducing transdifferentiation of related pancreatic cell types, specifically α cells that produce glucagon. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) is implicated in pancreatic α-to-β like cell transition. Here, the serum level of SDF-1α was lower in T1D with C-peptide loss, the miR-23a was negatively correlated with SDF-1α. We discovered that exosomal miR-23a, secreted from β cells, functionally downregulates the expression of SDF-1α, leading to increased Pax4 expression and decreased Arx expression in vivo. Adenovirus-vectored miR-23a sponge and mimic were constructed to further explored the miR-23a on pancreatic α-to-β like cell transition in vitro, which yielded results consistent with our cell-based assays. Suppression of miR-23a upregulated insulin level and downregulated glucagon level in STZ-induced diabetes mice models, effectively promoting α-to-β like cell transition. Our findings highlight miR-23a as a new therapeutic target for regenerating pancreatic β cells from α cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Lang
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- College of Medicine of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- College of Medicine of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xingping Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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19
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Oropeza D, Herrera PL. Glucagon-producing α-cell transcriptional identity and reprogramming towards insulin production. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:180-197. [PMID: 37626005 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
β-Cell replacement by in situ reprogramming of non-β-cells is a promising diabetes therapy. Following the observation that near-total β-cell ablation in adult mice triggers the reprogramming of pancreatic α-, δ-, and γ-cells into insulin (INS)-producing cells, recent studies are delving deep into the mechanisms controlling adult α-cell identity. Systematic analyses of the α-cell transcriptome and epigenome have started to pinpoint features that could be crucial for maintaining α-cell identity. Using different transgenic and chemical approaches, significant advances have been made in reprogramming α-cells in vivo into INS-secreting cells in mice. The recent reprogramming of human α-cells in vitro is an important step forward that must now be complemented with a comprehensive molecular dissection of the mechanisms controlling α-cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oropeza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Luis Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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20
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Vandenbempt V, Eski SE, Brahma MK, Li A, Negueruela J, Bruggeman Y, Demine S, Xiao P, Cardozo AK, Baeyens N, Martelotto LG, Singh SP, Mariño E, Gysemans C, Gurzov EN. HAMSAB diet ameliorates dysfunctional signaling in pancreatic islets in autoimmune diabetes. iScience 2024; 27:108694. [PMID: 38213620 PMCID: PMC10783594 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An altered gut microbiota is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), affecting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and glucose homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that enhancing serum acetate and butyrate using a dietary supplement (HAMSAB) improved glycemia in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and patients with established T1D. The effects of SCFA on immune-infiltrated islet cells remain to be clarified. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on islet cells from NOD mice fed an HAMSAB or control diet. HAMSAB induced a regulatory gene expression profile in pancreas-infiltrated immune cells. Moreover, HAMSAB maintained the expression of β-cell functional genes and decreased cellular stress. HAMSAB-fed mice showed preserved pancreatic endocrine cell identity, evaluated by decreased numbers of poly-hormonal cells. Finally, SCFA increased insulin levels in human β-like cells and improved transplantation outcome in NOD/SCID mice. Our findings support the use of metabolite-based diet as attractive approach to improve glucose control in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Vandenbempt
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manoja K. Brahma
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ao Li
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Negueruela
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ylke Bruggeman
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Demine
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peng Xiao
- Inflammatory and Cell Death Signaling in Diabetes group, Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra K. Cardozo
- Inflammatory and Cell Death Signaling in Diabetes group, Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Baeyens
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Pharmacologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luciano G. Martelotto
- Single Cell and Spatial-Omics Laboratory, Adelaide Centre of Epigenetics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | | | - Eliana Mariño
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- ImmunoBiota Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC 3187, Australia
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esteban N. Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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21
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Mishra P, Sahu A, Naik PK, Ravi PK. Islet Dimensions and Its Impact on the Cellular Composition and Insulin-Secreting Capacity: Insights Into the Role of Non-beta Cells. Cureus 2024; 16:e52428. [PMID: 38371125 PMCID: PMC10870337 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have underscored the significance of islet dimensions, encompassing i) the necessity for islets to maintain an optimal diameter to sustain functional activity; ii) larger islets exhibit an intermingled architecture of alpha and beta cells, enhancing functional activity through paracrine effects; iii) non-alpha/beta (NAB) cells play a significant role in regulating beta cells; and iv) there is a preferential loss of larger islets in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To delve deeper into these aspects, the authors documented the cellular composition in islets of various dimensions and regions of the pancreas, along with their secreting capacity, using the expression of the myosin Va motor protein in nine non-diabetic adult human pancreases. The proportion of NAB cells was found to be higher in intermediate islets and significantly lower in smaller and larger islets. By comparing the differences in islet composition, where NAB cells increase from smaller to intermediate islets, leading to a decrease in the proportion of alpha and beta cells, and in larger islets, there is a higher proportion of beta and alpha cells similar to smaller islets, we propose the hypothesis that NAB cells proliferate as islets increase in size. Furthermore, in larger islets, these NAB cells convert into alpha and beta cells, resulting in the scattered, intermingled arrangement observed in larger islets. The higher intensity of myosin Va expression in the islets of the tail region, along with a similar proportion of NAB cells in intermediate islets of the tail region compared to larger islets, leads to decreased inhibitory stimuli to beta cells and an increased insulin-secreting capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravash Mishra
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Abhijit Sahu
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pradeep K Naik
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Sambalpur University, Burla, IND
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22
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Tanday N, Tarasov AI, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Pancreatic islet cell plasticity: Pathogenic or therapeutically exploitable? Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:16-31. [PMID: 37845573 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of pancreatic islet endocrine cells is a tightly regulated process leading to the generation of distinct cell types harbouring different hormones in response to small changes in environmental stimuli. Cell differentiation is driven by transcription factors that are also critical for the maintenance of the mature islet cell phenotype. Alteration of the insulin-secreting β-cell transcription factor set by prolonged metabolic stress, associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity or pregnancy, results in the loss of β-cell identity through de- or transdifferentiation. Importantly, the glucose-lowering effects of approved and experimental antidiabetic agents, including glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics, novel peptides and small molecules, have been associated with preventing or reversing β-cell dedifferentiation or promoting the transdifferentiation of non-β-cells towards an insulin-positive β-cell-like phenotype. Therefore, we review the manifestations of islet cell plasticity in various experimental settings and discuss the physiological and therapeutic sides of this phenomenon, focusing on strategies for preventing β-cell loss or generating new β-cells in diabetes. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning islet cell plasticity is a prerequisite for more targeted therapies to help prevent β-cell decline in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Tanday
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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23
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Morisseau L, Tokito F, Poulain S, Plaisance V, Pawlowski V, Kim SH, Legallais C, Jellali R, Sakai Y, Abderrahmani A, Leclerc E. Generation of β-like cell subtypes from differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells in 3D spheroids. Mol Omics 2023; 19:810-822. [PMID: 37698079 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of four different pancreatic β-cell subtypes and bi-hormomal cells playing a role in the diabetes pathogenesis, the search for in vitro models that mimics such cells heterogeneity became a key priority in experimental and clinical diabetology. We investigated the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells to lead to the development of the different β-cells subtypes in honeycomb microwell-based 3D spheroids. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion confirmed the spheroids functionality. Then, we performed a single cell RNA sequencing of the spheroids. Using a knowledge-based analysis with a stringency on the pancreatic markers, we extracted the β-cells INS+/UCN3+ subtype (11%; β1-like cells), the INS+/ST8SIA1+/CD9- subtype (3%, β3-like cells) and INS+/CD9+/ST8SIA1-subtype (1%; β2-like cells) consistently with literature findings. We did not detect the INS+/ST8SIA1+/CD9+ cells (β4-like cells). Then, we also identified four bi-hormonal cells subpopulations including δ-like cells (INS+/SST+, 6%), γ-like cells (INS+/PPY+, 3%), α-like-cells (INS+/GCG+, 6%) and ε-like-cells (INS+/GHRL+, 2%). Using data-driven clustering, we extracted four progenitors' subpopulations (with the lower level of INS gene) that included one population highly expressing inhibin genes (INHBA+/INHBB+), one population highly expressing KCNJ3+/TPH1+, one population expressing hepatocyte-like lineage markers (HNF1A+/AFP+), and one population expressing stem-like cell pancreatic progenitor markers (SOX2+/NEUROG3+). Furthermore, among the cycling population we found a large number of REST+ cells and CD9+ cells (CD9+/SPARC+/REST+). Our data confirm that our differentiation leads to large β-cell heterogeneity, which can be used for investigating β-cells plasticity under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Morisseau
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering UMR 7338, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, Compiègne, 60203 Cedex, France
| | - Fumiya Tokito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Stéphane Poulain
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Valerie Plaisance
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valerie Pawlowski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering UMR 7338, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, Compiègne, 60203 Cedex, France
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering UMR 7338, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, Compiègne, 60203 Cedex, France
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, CNRS/IIS IRL 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, CNRS/IIS IRL 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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24
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Kang RB, Lee J, Varela M, Li Y, Rosselot C, Zhang T, Karakose E, Stewart AF, Scott DK, Garcia-Ocana A, Lu G. Human Pancreatic α-Cell Heterogeneity and Trajectory Inference Analysis Using Integrated Single Cell- and Single Nucleus-RNA Sequencing Platforms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.19.567715. [PMID: 38014078 PMCID: PMC10680843 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.19.567715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that pancreatic α-cells can transdifferentiate into β-cells, and that β-cells de-differentiate and are prone to acquire an α-cell phenotype in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the specific human α-cell and β-cell subtypes that are involved in α-to-β-cell and β-to-α-cell transitions are unknown. Here, we have integrated single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) of isolated human islets and human islet grafts and provide additional insight into α-β cell fate switching. Using this approach, we make seven novel observations. 1) There are five different GCG -expressing human α-cell subclusters [α1, α2, α-β-transition 1 (AB-Tr1), α-β-transition 2 (AB-Tr2), and α-β (AB) cluster] with different transcriptome profiles in human islets from non-diabetic donors. 2) The AB subcluster displays multihormonal gene expression, inferred mostly from snRNA-seq data suggesting identification by pre-mRNA expression. 3) The α1, α2, AB-Tr1, and AB-Tr2 subclusters are enriched in genes specific for α-cell function while AB cells are enriched in genes related to pancreatic progenitor and β-cell pathways; 4) Trajectory inference analysis of extracted α- and β-cell clusters and RNA velocity/PAGA analysis suggests a bifurcate transition potential for AB towards both α- and β-cells. 5) Gene commonality analysis identifies ZNF385D, TRPM3, CASR, MEG3 and HDAC9 as signature for trajectories moving towards β-cells and SMOC1, PLCE1, PAPPA2, ZNF331, ALDH1A1, SLC30A8, BTG2, TM4SF4, NR4A1 and PSCK2 as signature for trajectories moving towards α-cells. 6) Remarkably, in contrast to the events in vitro , the AB subcluster is not identified in vivo in human islet grafts and trajectory inference analysis suggests only unidirectional transition from α-to-β-cells in vivo . 7) Analysis of scRNA-seq datasets from adult human T2D donor islets reveals a clear unidirectional transition from β-to-α-cells compatible with dedifferentiation or conversion into α-cells. Collectively, these studies show that snRNA-seq and scRNA-seq can be leveraged to identify transitions in the transcriptional status among human islet endocrine cell subpopulations in vitro , in vivo , in non-diabetes and in T2D. They reveal the potential gene signatures for common trajectories involved in interconversion between α- and β-cells and highlight the utility and power of studying single nuclear transcriptomes of human islets in vivo . Most importantly, they illustrate the importance of studying human islets in their natural in vivo setting.
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25
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Rodríguez-Castelán J, Delgado-González E, Rodríguez-Benítez E, Castelán F, Cuevas-Romero E, Anguiano B, Jeziorski MC, Aceves C. Preventive Effect of Molecular Iodine in Pancreatic Disorders from Hypothyroid Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14903. [PMID: 37834351 PMCID: PMC10573257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic alterations such as inflammation and insulin resistance accompany hypothyroidism. Molecular iodine (I2) exerts antioxidant and differentiation actions in several tissues, and the pancreas is an iodine-uptake tissue. We analyzed the effect of two oral I2 doses on pancreatic disorders in a model of hypothyroidism for 30 days. Adult female rabbits were divided into the following groups: control, moderate oral dose of I2 (0.2 mg/kg, M-I2), high oral dose of I2 (2.0 mg/kg, H-I2), oral dose of methimazole (MMI; 10 mg/kg), MMI + M-I2,, and MMI + H-I2. Moderate or high I2 supplementation did not modify circulating metabolites or pancreatic morphology. The MMI group showed reductions of circulating thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), moderate glucose increments, and significant increases in cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. Acinar fibrosis, high insulin content, lipoperoxidation, and overexpression of GLUT4 were observed in the pancreas of this group. M-I2 supplementation normalized the T4 and cholesterol, but T3 remained low. Pancreatic alterations were prevented, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), antioxidant enzymes, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) maintained their basal values. In MMI + H-I2, hypothyroidism was avoided, but pancreatic alterations and low PPARG expression remained. In conclusion, M-I2 supplementation reestablishes thyronine synthesis and diminishes pancreatic alterations, possibly related to Nrf2 and PPARG activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rodríguez-Castelán
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (J.R.-C.); (E.D.-G.); (B.A.); (M.C.J.)
| | - Evangelina Delgado-González
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (J.R.-C.); (E.D.-G.); (B.A.); (M.C.J.)
| | - Esteban Rodríguez-Benítez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico; (E.R.-B.); (F.C.); (E.C.-R.)
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico; (E.R.-B.); (F.C.); (E.C.-R.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Estela Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90070, Tlaxcala, Mexico; (E.R.-B.); (F.C.); (E.C.-R.)
| | - Brenda Anguiano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (J.R.-C.); (E.D.-G.); (B.A.); (M.C.J.)
| | - Michael C. Jeziorski
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (J.R.-C.); (E.D.-G.); (B.A.); (M.C.J.)
| | - Carmen Aceves
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (J.R.-C.); (E.D.-G.); (B.A.); (M.C.J.)
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26
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Brooks EP, Sussel L. Not the second fiddle: α cell development, identity, and function in health and diabetes. J Endocrinol 2023; 258:e220297. [PMID: 37171828 PMCID: PMC10524258 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Historic and emerging studies provide evidence for the deterioration of pancreatic α cell function and identity in diabetes mellitus. Increased access to human tissue and the availability of more sophisticated molecular technologies have identified key insights into how α cell function and identity are preserved in healthy conditions and how they become dysfunctional in response to stress. These studies have revealed evidence of impaired glucagon secretion, shifts in α cell electrophysiology, changes in α cell mass, dysregulation of α cell transcription, and α-to-β cell conversion prior to and during diabetes. In this review, we outline the current state of research on α cell identity in health and disease. Evidence in model organisms and humans suggests that in addition to β cell dysfunction, diabetes is associated with a fundamental dysregulation of α cell identity. Importantly, epigenetic studies have revealed that α cells retain more poised and open chromatin at key cell-specific and diabetes-dysregulated genes, supporting the model that the inherent epigenetic plasticity of α cells makes them susceptible to the transcriptional changes that potentiate the loss of identity and function seen in diabetes. Thus, additional research into the maintenance of α cell identity and function is critical to fully understanding diabetes. Furthermore, these studies suggest α cells could represent an alternative source of new β cells for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott P Brooks
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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27
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Wang F, Li R, Zhang L, Nie X, Wang L, Chen L. Cell Transdifferentiation: A Challenging Strategy with Great Potential. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:154-161. [PMID: 37471050 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery and development of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and induced pluripotent stem cells, cell transdifferentiation research has presented unique advantages and stimulated a heated discussion worldwide. Cell transdifferentiation is a phenomenon by which a cell changes its lineage and acquires the phenotype of other cell types when exposed to certain conditions. Indeed, many adult stem cells and differentiated cells were reported to change their phenotype and transform into other lineages. This article reviews the differentiation of stem cells and classification of transdifferentiation, as well as the advantages, challenges, and prospects of cell transdifferentiation. This review discusses new research directions and the main challenges in the use of transdifferentiation in human cells and molecular replacement therapy. Overall, such knowledge is expected to provide a deep understanding of cell fate and regulation, which can change through differentiation, dedifferentiation, and transdifferentiation, with multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runting Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaoning Nie
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
| | - Longxin Chen
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou China
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28
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Urbano F, Farella I, Brunetti G, Faienza MF. Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Impact of Technologies on Comorbidities and Life Expectancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11980. [PMID: 37569354 PMCID: PMC10418611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, with a progressively increasing incidence. T1D management requires lifelong insulin treatment and ongoing health care support. The main goal of treatment is to maintain blood glucose levels as close to the physiological range as possible, particularly to avoid blood glucose fluctuations, which have been linked to morbidity and mortality in patients with T1D. Indeed, the guidelines of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) recommend a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level < 53 mmol/mol (<7.0%) for young people with T1D to avoid comorbidities. Moreover, diabetic disease strongly influences the quality of life of young patients who must undergo continuous monitoring of glycemic values and the administration of subcutaneous insulin. In recent decades, the development of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems improved the metabolic control and the quality of life of T1D patients. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices connected to smartphones represent a good therapeutic option, especially in young children. In this literature review, we revised the mechanisms of the currently available technologies for T1D in pediatric age and explored their effect on short- and long-term diabetes-related comorbidities, quality of life, and life expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Urbano
- Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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29
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Parveen N, Wang JK, Bhattacharya S, Cuala J, Rajkumar MS, Butler AE, Wu X, Shih HP, Georgia SK, Dhawan S. DNA Methylation-Dependent Restriction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Contributes to Pancreatic β-Cell Heterogeneity. Diabetes 2023; 72:575-589. [PMID: 36607262 PMCID: PMC10130487 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and functional heterogeneity of pancreatic β-cells is well recognized, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Pancreatic islets harbor a subset of β-cells that co-express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme involved in synthesis of catecholamines that repress insulin secretion. Restriction of the TH+ β-cells within islets is essential for appropriate function in mice, such that a higher proportion of these cells corresponds to reduced insulin secretion. Here, we use these cells as a model to dissect the developmental control of β-cell heterogeneity. We define the specific molecular and metabolic characteristics of TH+ β-cells and show differences in their developmental restriction in mice and humans. We show that TH expression in β-cells is restricted by DNA methylation during β-cell differentiation. Ablation of de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in the embryonic progenitors results in a dramatic increase in the proportion of TH+ β-cells, whereas β-cell-specific ablation of Dnmt3a does not. We demonstrate that maintenance of Th promoter methylation is essential for its continued restriction in postnatal β-cells. Loss of Th promoter methylation in response to chronic overnutrition increases the number of TH+ β-cells, corresponding to impaired β-cell function. These results reveal a regulatory role of DNA methylation in determining β-cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Parveen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jean Kimi Wang
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Janielle Cuala
- Medical Biophysics Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Hung-Ping Shih
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Senta K. Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Richardson TM, Saunders DC, Haliyur R, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Reinert RB, Petronglo J, Bottino R, Aramandla R, Bradley AM, Jenkins R, Phillips S, Kang H, Caicedo A, Powers AC, Brissova M. Human pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in type 1 diabetes despite beta cell loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E251-E267. [PMID: 36696598 PMCID: PMC10027091 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system regulates pancreatic function. Islet capillaries are essential for the extension of axonal projections into islets, and both of these structures are important for appropriate islet hormone secretion. Because beta cells provide important paracrine cues for islet glucagon secretion and neurovascular development, we postulated that beta cell loss in type 1 diabetes (T1D) would lead to a decline in intraislet capillaries and reduction of islet innervation, possibly contributing to abnormal glucagon secretion. To define morphological characteristics of capillaries and nerve fibers in islets and acinar tissue compartments, we analyzed neurovascular assembly across the largest cohort of T1D and normal individuals studied thus far. Because innervation has been studied extensively in rodent models of T1D, we also compared the neurovascular architecture between mouse and human pancreas and assembled transcriptomic profiles of molecules guiding islet angiogenesis and neuronal development. We found striking interspecies differences in islet neurovascular assembly but relatively modest differences at transcriptome level, suggesting that posttranscriptional regulation may be involved in this process. To determine whether islet neurovascular arrangement is altered after beta cell loss in T1D, we compared pancreatic tissues from non-diabetic, recent-onset T1D (<10-yr duration), and longstanding T1D (>10-yr duration) donors. Recent-onset T1D showed greater islet and acinar capillary density compared to non-diabetic and longstanding T1D donors. Both recent-onset and longstanding T1D had greater islet nerve fiber density compared to non-diabetic donors. We did not detect changes in sympathetic axons in either T1D cohort. Additionally, nerve fibers overlapped with extracellular matrix (ECM), supporting its role in the formation and function of axonal processes. These results indicate that pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in T1D despite beta cell loss, suggesting that alpha cell secretory changes may be decoupled from neurovascular components.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Defining the neurovascular architecture in the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is crucial to understanding the mechanisms of dysregulated glucagon secretion. In the largest T1D cohort of biobanked tissues analyzed to date, we found that pancreatic capillaries and nerve fibers persist in human T1D despite beta cell loss, suggesting that alpha cell secretory changes may be decoupled from neurovascular components. Because innervation has been studied extensively in rodent T1D models, our studies also provide the first rigorous direct comparisons of neurovascular assembly in mouse and human, indicating dramatic interspecies differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Richardson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Cartailler
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rachel B Reinert
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jenna Petronglo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rita Bottino
- Imagine Pharma, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amber M Bradley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Regina Jenkins
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sharon Phillips
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Program of Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Turki T, Taguchi YH. A new machine learning based computational framework identifies therapeutic targets and unveils influential genes in pancreatic islet cells. Gene 2023; 853:147038. [PMID: 36503891 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets comprise a group of cells that produce hormones regulating blood glucose levels. Particularly, the alpha and beta islet cells produce glucagon and insulin to stabilize blood glucose. When beta islet cells are dysfunctional, insulin is not secreted, inducing a glucose metabolic disorder. Identifying effective therapeutic targets against the disease is a complicated task and is not yet conclusive. To close the wide gap between understanding the molecular mechanism of pancreatic islet cells and providing effective therapeutic targets, we present a computational framework to identify potential therapeutic targets against pancreatic disorders. First, we downloaded three transcriptome expression profiling datasets pertaining to pancreatic islet cells (GSE87375, GSE79457, GSE110154) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. For each dataset, we extracted expression profiles for two cell types. We then provided these expression profiles along with the cell types to our proposed constrained optimization problem of a support vector machine and to other existing methods, selecting important genes from the expression profiles. Finally, we performed (1) an evaluation from a classification perspective which showed the superiority of our methods against the baseline; and (2) an enrichment analysis which indicated that our methods achieved better outcomes. Results for the three datasets included 44 unique genes and 10 unique transcription factors (SP1, HDAC1, EGR1, E2F1, AR, STAT6, RELA, SP3, NFKB1, and ESR1) which are reportedly related to pancreatic islet functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Turki
- King Abdulaziz University, Department of Computer Science, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Y-H Taguchi
- Chuo University, Department of Physics, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
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Narayan G, Ronima K R, Thummer RP. Direct Reprogramming of Somatic Cells into Induced β-Cells: An Overview. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:171-189. [PMID: 36515866 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The persistent shortage of insulin-producing islet mass or β-cells for transplantation in the ever-growing diabetic population worldwide is a matter of concern. To date, permanent cure to this medical complication is not available and soon after the establishment of lineage-specific reprogramming, direct β-cell reprogramming became a viable alternative for β-cell regeneration. Direct reprogramming is a straightforward and powerful technique that can provide an unlimited supply of cells by transdifferentiating terminally differentiated cells toward the desired cell type. This approach has been extensively used by multiple groups to reprogram non-β-cells toward insulin-producing β-cells. The β-cell identity has been achieved by various studies via ectopic expression of one or more pancreatic-specific transcription factors in somatic cells, bypassing the pluripotent state. This work highlights the importance of the direct reprogramming approaches (both integrative and non-integrative) in generating autologous β-cells for various applications. An in-depth understanding of the strategies and cell sources could prove beneficial for the efficient generation of integration-free functional insulin-producing β-cells for diabetic patients lacking endogenous β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ronima K R
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Đorđević M, Stepper P, Feuerstein-Akgoz C, Gerhauser C, Paunović V, Tolić A, Rajić J, Dinić S, Uskoković A, Grdović N, Mihailović M, Jurkowska RZ, Jurkowski TP, Jovanović JA, Vidaković M. EpiCRISPR targeted methylation of Arx gene initiates transient switch of mouse pancreatic alpha to insulin-producing cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134478. [PMID: 37008919 PMCID: PMC10063207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beta cell dysfunction by loss of beta cell identity, dedifferentiation, and the presence of polyhormonal cells are main characteristics of diabetes. The straightforward strategy for curing diabetes implies reestablishment of pancreatic beta cell function by beta cell replacement therapy. Aristaless-related homeobox (Arx) gene encodes protein which plays an important role in the development of pancreatic alpha cells and is a main target for changing alpha cell identity. RESULTS In this study we used CRISPR/dCas9-based epigenetic tools for targeted hypermethylation of Arx gene promoter and its subsequent suppression in mouse pancreatic αTC1-6 cell line. Bisulfite sequencing and methylation profiling revealed that the dCas9-Dnmt3a3L-KRAB single chain fusion constructs (EpiCRISPR) was the most efficient. Epigenetic silencing of Arx expression was accompanied by an increase in transcription of the insulin gene (Ins2) mRNA on 5th and 7th post-transfection day, quantified by both RT-qPCR and RNA-seq. Insulin production and secretion was determined by immunocytochemistry and ELISA assay, respectively. Eventually, we were able to induce switch of approximately 1% of transiently transfected cells which were able to produce 35% more insulin than Mock transfected alpha cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we successfully triggered a direct, transient switch of pancreatic alpha to insulin-producing cells opening a future research on promising therapeutic avenue for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Stepper
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Clarissa Feuerstein-Akgoz
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Gerhauser
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verica Paunović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Tolić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Rajić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Grdović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tomasz P. Jurkowski
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tomasz P. Jurkowski, ; Jelena Arambašić Jovanović, ; Melita Vidaković,
| | - Jelena Arambašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Tomasz P. Jurkowski, ; Jelena Arambašić Jovanović, ; Melita Vidaković,
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Tomasz P. Jurkowski, ; Jelena Arambašić Jovanović, ; Melita Vidaković,
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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35
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Colarusso JL, Zhou Q. Direct Reprogramming of Different Cell Lineages into Pancreatic β-Like Cells. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:252-258. [PMID: 35838597 PMCID: PMC9634980 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One major goal of regenerative medicine is the production of pancreatic endocrine islets to treat insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Among the different methods developed to achieve this goal, a particularly promising approach is direct lineage reprogramming, in which non-β-cells are directly converted to glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting β-like cells. Efforts by different research groups have led to critical insights in the inducing factors necessary and types of somatic tissues suitable for direct conversion to β-like cells. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying direct cell fate conversion. Significant challenges also remain in translating discoveries into therapeutics that will eventually benefit diabetic patients. This review aims to cover the advances made in the direct reprogramming of somatic cells into β-like cells and discuss the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Colarusso
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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36
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Reprogramming—Evolving Path to Functional Surrogate β-Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182813. [PMID: 36139388 PMCID: PMC9496933 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous cell sources are being explored to replenish functional β-cell mass since the proof-of -concept for cell therapy of diabetes was laid down by transplantation of islets. Many of these cell sources have been shown to possess a degree of plasticity permitting differentiation along new lineages into insulin-secreting β-cells. In this review, we explore emerging reprograming pathways that aim to generate bone fide insulin producing cells. We focus on small molecules and key transcriptional regulators that orchestrate phenotypic conversion and maintenance of engineered cells.
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Casteels T, Bajew S, Reiniš J, Enders L, Schuster M, Fontaine F, Müller AC, Wagner BK, Bock C, Kubicek S. SMNDC1 links chromatin remodeling and splicing to regulate pancreatic hormone expression. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111288. [PMID: 36044849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin expression is primarily restricted to the pancreatic β cells, which are physically or functionally depleted in diabetes. Identifying targetable pathways repressing insulin in non-β cells, particularly in the developmentally related glucagon-secreting α cells, is an important aim of regenerative medicine. Here, we perform an RNA interference screen in a murine α cell line to identify silencers of insulin expression. We discover that knockdown of the splicing factor Smndc1 triggers a global repression of α cell gene-expression programs in favor of increased β cell markers. Mechanistically, Smndc1 knockdown upregulates the β cell transcription factor Pdx1 by modulating the activities of the BAF and Atrx chromatin remodeling complexes. SMNDC1's repressive role is conserved in human pancreatic islets, its loss triggering enhanced insulin secretion and PDX1 expression. Our study identifies Smndc1 as a key factor connecting splicing and chromatin remodeling to the control of insulin expression in human and mouse islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Casteels
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Bajew
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiří Reiniš
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lennart Enders
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Fontaine
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - André C Müller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Ni Q, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Ning G, Wang W, Wang Q. mTORC1 is required for epigenetic silencing during β-cell functional maturation. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101559. [PMID: 35940555 PMCID: PMC9418906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key molecule that links nutrients, hormones, and growth factors to cell growth/function. Our previous studies have shown that mTORC1 is required for β-cell functional maturation and identity maintenance; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This work aimed to understand the underlying epigenetic mechanisms of mTORC1 in regulating β-cell functional maturation. Methods We performed Microarray, MeDIP-seq and ATAC-seq analysis to explore the abnormal epigenetic regulation in 8-week-old immature βRapKO islets. Moreover, DNMT3A was overexpressed in βRapKO islets by lentivirus, and the transcriptome changes and GSIS function were analyzed. Results We identified two major epigenetic silencing mechanisms, DNMT3A-dependent DNA methylation and PRC2-dependent H3K27me3 modification, which are responsible for functional immaturity of Raptor-deficient β-cell. Overexpression of DNMT3A partially reversed the immature transcriptome pattern and restored the impaired GSIS in Raptor-deficient β-cells. Moreover, we found that Raptor directly regulated PRC2/EED and H3K27me3 expression levels, as well as a group of immature genes marked with H3K27me3. Combined with ATAC-seq, MeDIP-seq and ChIP-seq, we identified β-cell immature genes with either DNA methylation and/or H3K27me3 modification. Conclusion The present study advances our understanding of the nutrient sensor mTORC1, by integrating environmental nutrient supply and epigenetic modification, i.e., DNMT3A-mediated DNA methylation and PRC2-mediated histone methylation in regulating β-cell identity and functional maturation, and therefore may impact the disease risk of type 2 diabetes. Rescued DNMT3A expression in Raptor-deficient islets partially reversed the abnormal induction of immature genes. EED/H3K27me3 were impaired in Raptor-ablated β-cell. DNA methylation and H3K27me3 are required for mTORC1-dependent epigenetic silencing of immature genes in β-cell.
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Soltani Dehnavi S, Eivazi Zadeh Z, Harvey AR, Voelcker NH, Parish CL, Williams RJ, Elnathan R, Nisbet DR. Changing Fate: Reprogramming Cells via Engineered Nanoscale Delivery Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108757. [PMID: 35396884 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine is at the nexus of fundamental innovations and early-stage breakthroughs, enabling exciting biomedical advances. One of the most exciting recent developments is the use of nanoscale constructs to influence the fate of cells, which are the basic building blocks of healthy function. Appropriate cell types can be effectively manipulated by direct cell reprogramming; a robust technique to manipulate cellular function and fate, underpinning burgeoning advances in drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and disease remodeling. Individual transcription factors, or combinations thereof, can be introduced into cells using both viral and nonviral delivery systems. Existing approaches have inherent limitations. Viral-based tools include issues of viral integration into the genome of the cells, the propensity for uncontrollable silencing, reduced copy potential and cell specificity, and neutralization via the immune response. Current nonviral cell reprogramming tools generally suffer from inferior expression efficiency. Nanomaterials are increasingly being explored to address these challenges and improve the efficacy of both viral and nonviral delivery because of their unique properties such as small size and high surface area. This review presents the state-of-the-art research in cell reprogramming, focused on recent breakthroughs in the deployment of nanomaterials as cell reprogramming delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Soltani Dehnavi
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zahra Eivazi Zadeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, and Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard J Williams
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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40
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Abstract
Islet dysfunction is central in type 2 diabetes and full-blown type 2 diabetes develops first when the beta cells lose their ability to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to raised plasma glucose. Several mechanisms behind beta cell dysfunction have been put forward but many important questions still remain. Furthermore, our understanding of the contribution of each islet cell type in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology has been limited by technical boundaries. Closing this knowledge gap will lead to a leap forward in our understanding of the islet as an organ and potentially lead to improved treatments. The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has led to a breakthrough for characterising the transcriptome of each islet cell type and several important observations on the regulation of cell-type-specific gene expression have been made. When it comes to identifying type 2 diabetes disease mechanisms, the outcome is still limited. Several studies have identified differentially expressed genes, although there is very limited consensus between the studies. As with all new techniques, scRNAseq has limitations; in addition to being extremely expensive, genes expressed at low levels may not be detected, noise may not be appropriately filtered and selection biases for certain cell types are at hand. Furthermore, recent advances suggest that commonly used computational tools may be suboptimal for analysis of scRNAseq data in small-scale studies. Fortunately, development of new computational tools holds promise for harnessing the full potential of scRNAseq data. Here we summarise how scRNAseq has contributed to increasing the understanding of various aspects of islet biology as well as type 2 diabetes disease mechanisms. We also focus on challenges that remain and propose steps to promote the utilisation of the full potential of scRNAseq in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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41
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Duvall E, Benitez CM, Tellez K, Enge M, Pauerstein PT, Li L, Baek S, Quake SR, Smith JP, Sheffield NC, Kim SK, Arda HE. Single-cell transcriptome and accessible chromatin dynamics during endocrine pancreas development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201267119. [PMID: 35733248 PMCID: PMC9245718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201267119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Delineating gene regulatory networks that orchestrate cell-type specification is a continuing challenge for developmental biologists. Single-cell analyses offer opportunities to address these challenges and accelerate discovery of rare cell lineage relationships and mechanisms underlying hierarchical lineage decisions. Here, we describe the molecular analysis of mouse pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation using single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility assays coupled to genetic labeling, and cytometry-based cell purification. We uncover transcription factor networks that delineate β-, α-, and δ-cell lineages. Through genomic footprint analysis, we identify transcription factor-regulatory DNA interactions governing pancreatic cell development at unprecedented resolution. Our analysis suggests that the transcription factor Neurog3 may act as a pioneer transcription factor to specify the pancreatic endocrine lineage. These findings could improve protocols to generate replacement endocrine cells from renewable sources, like stem cells, for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Duvall
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cecil M. Benitez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Krissie Tellez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Martin Enge
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Philip T. Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Songjoon Baek
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jason P. Smith
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Nathan C. Sheffield
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Seung K. Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - H. Efsun Arda
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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42
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Glucagon-receptor-antagonism-mediated β-cell regeneration as an effective anti-diabetic therapy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110872. [PMID: 35649369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic disease with potentially severe complications, and β-cell deficiency underlies this disease. Despite active research, no therapy to date has been able to induce β-cell regeneration in humans. Here, we discover the β-cell regenerative effects of glucagon receptor antibody (anti-GcgR). Treatment with anti-GcgR in mouse models of β-cell deficiency leads to reversal of hyperglycemia, increase in plasma insulin levels, and restoration of β-cell mass. We demonstrate that both β-cell proliferation and α- to β-cell transdifferentiation contribute to anti-GcgR-induced β-cell regeneration. Interestingly, anti-GcgR-induced α-cell hyperplasia can be uncoupled from β-cell regeneration after antibody clearance from the body. Importantly, we are able to show that anti-GcgR-induced β-cell regeneration is also observed in non-human primates. Furthermore, anti-GcgR and anti-CD3 combination therapy reverses diabetes and increases β-cell mass in a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes.
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43
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Abstract
The pancreatic β-cells are essential for regulating glucose homeostasis through the coordinated release of the insulin hormone. Dysfunction of the highly specialized β-cells results in diabetes mellitus, a growing global health epidemic. In this review, we describe the development and function of β-cells the emerging concept of heterogeneity within insulin-producing cells, and the potential of other cell types to assume β-cell functionality via transdifferentiation. We also discuss emerging routes to design cells with minimal β-cell properties and human stem cell differentiation efforts that carry the promise to restore normoglycemia in patients suffering from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanya Kerper
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Sudipta Ashe
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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44
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Fakhrolmobasheri M, Shiravi A, Zeinalian M. SARS-CoV-2 Interaction with Human DNA Methyl Transferase 1: A Potential Risk for Increasing the Incidence of Later Chronic Diseases in the Survived Patients. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:23. [PMID: 35392323 PMCID: PMC8980824 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_628_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is the most discussed subject in medical researches worldwide. As the knowledge is expanded about the disease, more hypotheses become created. A recent study on the viral protein interaction map revealed that SARS-CoV-2 open reading frame 8 (ORF8) interacts with human DNA methyl transferase1 (DNMT1), an active epigenetic agent in DNA methylation. Moreover, DNMT1 is a contributor to a variety of chronic diseases which could cause some epigenetic dysregulation in infected cells, especially leukocytes, pancreatic beta, and endothelial cells. Regarding the fact that epigenetic alterations have a partial, but not completely reversible phenomena, it raises the question that if this interaction may cause long-term complications such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, long follow-up studies on the recovered patients from COVID-19 are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Shiravi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Iranians Cancer Control Charity Institute (MACSA), Isfahan, Iran
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45
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Heydari M, Yazdanparast R. Differentiation of PANC-1 ductal cells to β-like cells via cellular GABA modulation by Magainin and CPF-7 peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:128-133. [PMID: 35144175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some of the antimicrobial peptides induce insulin release and improve glucose tolerance while their effects on pancreatic cell differentiation have remained unresolved. In this report, we evaluated the effects of two of these peptides, Magainin-II and CPF-7, and also GABA, on PANC-1 ductal cells' differentiation. Based on immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analyses the expression levels of some of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors such as Snai1 and Ngn3, as two biomarkers of alpha and beta cells, were increased. Our findings also revealed a drastic increase in Arx, Pax4, Dnmt-1 and Glucagon expressions associated with dedifferentiation of PANC-1 cells into pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells. Futhermore, Magainin-II and CPF-7 exerted their roles partly via influencing the GABA cellular content. These data would undoubtedly provide a suitable ground for further investigation to guide these cells toward transplantable insulin producing beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Heydari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P. O. Box, 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P. O. Box, 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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46
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Thouvenot K, Turpin T, Taïlé J, Clément K, Meilhac O, Gonthier MP. Links between Insulin Resistance and Periodontal Bacteria: Insights on Molecular Players and Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030378. [PMID: 35327570 PMCID: PMC8945445 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease mainly associated with insulin resistance during obesity and constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. A strong link has been established between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, an infectious dental disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue or periodontium. However, the molecular mechanisms linking periodontal bacteria and insulin resistance remain poorly elucidated. This study aims to summarize the mechanisms possibly involved based on in vivo and in vitro studies and targets them for innovative therapies. Indeed, during periodontitis, inflammatory lesions of the periodontal tissue may allow periodontal bacteria to disseminate into the bloodstream and reach tissues, including adipose tissue and skeletal muscles that store glucose in response to insulin. Locally, periodontal bacteria and their components, such as lipopolysaccharides and gingipains, may deregulate inflammatory pathways, altering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Moreover, periodontal bacteria may promote ROS overproduction via downregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, leading to oxidative stress. Crosstalk between players of inflammation and oxidative stress contributes to disruption of the insulin signaling pathway and promotes insulin resistance. In parallel, periodontal bacteria alter glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver and deregulate insulin production by pancreatic β-cells, contributing to hyperglycemia. Interestingly, therapeutic management of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation markers and ameliorates insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Of note, plant polyphenols exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as insulin-sensitizing and anti-bacterial actions. Thus, polyphenol-based therapies are of high interest for helping to counteract the deleterious effects of periodontal bacteria and improve insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Thouvenot
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Teva Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Janice Taïlé
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesity, Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Université de La Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France; (K.T.); (T.T.); (J.T.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-262-693-92-08-55
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47
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Ghila L, Furuyama K, Grey ST, Scholz H, Chera S. Editorial: Beta-Cell Fate: From Gene Circuits to Disease Mechanisms. Front Genet 2022; 13:822440. [PMID: 35281817 PMCID: PMC8914033 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.822440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Ghila
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Luiza Ghila, ; Simona Chera,
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shane T. Grey
- Immunology Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Luiza Ghila, ; Simona Chera,
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48
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Dai XQ, Camunas-Soler J, Briant LJB, Dos Santos T, Spigelman AF, Walker EM, Arrojo E Drigo R, Bautista A, Jones RC, Avrahami D, Lyon J, Nie A, Smith N, Zhang Y, Johnson J, Manning Fox JE, Michelakis ED, Light PE, Kaestner KH, Kim SK, Rorsman P, Stein RW, Quake SR, MacDonald PE. Heterogenous impairment of α cell function in type 2 diabetes is linked to cell maturation state. Cell Metab 2022; 34:256-268.e5. [PMID: 35108513 PMCID: PMC8852281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In diabetes, glucagon secretion from pancreatic α cells is dysregulated. The underlying mechanisms, and whether dysfunction occurs uniformly among cells, remain unclear. We examined α cells from human donors and mice using electrophysiological, transcriptomic, and computational approaches. Rising glucose suppresses α cell exocytosis by reducing P/Q-type Ca2+ channel activity, and this is disrupted in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Upon high-fat feeding of mice, α cells shift toward a "β cell-like" electrophysiological profile in concert with indications of impaired identity. In human α cells we identified links between cell membrane properties and cell surface signaling receptors, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly, and cell maturation. Cell-type classification using machine learning of electrophysiology data demonstrated a heterogenous loss of "electrophysiologic identity" in α cells from donors with type 2 diabetes. Indeed, a subset of α cells with impaired exocytosis is defined by an enrichment in progenitor and lineage markers and upregulation of an immature transcriptomic phenotype, suggesting important links between α cell maturation state and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Joan Camunas-Soler
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
| | - Linford J B Briant
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Theodore Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Rafael Arrojo E Drigo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Austin Bautista
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Robert C Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - James Lyon
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Aifang Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Nancy Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Janyne Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | | | - Peter E Light
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Roland W Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2R3, Canada.
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49
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Shcheglova E, Blaszczyk K, Borowiak M. Mitogen Synergy: An Emerging Route to Boosting Human Beta Cell Proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:734597. [PMID: 35155441 PMCID: PMC8829426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased number and function of beta cells are a key aspect of diabetes mellitus (diabetes), a disease that remains an onerous global health problem. Means of restoring beta cell mass are urgently being sought as a potential cure for diabetes. Several strategies, such as de novo beta cell derivation via pluripotent stem cell differentiation or mature somatic cell transdifferentiation, have yielded promising results. Beta cell expansion is another promising strategy, rendered challenging by the very low proliferative capacity of beta cells. Many effective mitogens have been identified in rodents, but the vast majority do not have similar mitogenic effects in human beta cells. Extensive research has led to the identification of several human beta cell mitogens, but their efficacy and specificity remain insufficient. An approach based on the simultaneous application of several mitogens has recently emerged and can yield human beta cell proliferation rates of up to 8%. Here, we discuss recent advances in restoration of the beta cell population, focusing on mitogen synergy, and the contribution of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to accelerating the elucidation of signaling pathways in proliferating beta cells and the discovery of novel mitogens. Together, these approaches have taken beta cell research up a level, bringing us closer to a cure for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shcheglova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Blaszczyk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Malgorzata Borowiak, ;
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50
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Ghila L, Legøy TA, Chera S. A Method for Encapsulation and Transplantation into Diabetic Mice of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC)-Derived Pancreatic Progenitors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2454:327-349. [PMID: 33786775 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet endocrine cells generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells represent a great strategy for both disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, these cells inherently miss the effects of the intricate network of systemic signals characterizing the living organisms. Xenotransplantation of in vitro differentiating cells into murine hosts substantially compensates for this drawback.Here we describe our transplantation strategy of encapsulated differentiating pancreatic progenitors into diabetic immunosuppressed (NSG) overtly diabetic mice generated by the total ablation of insulin-producing cells following diphtheria toxin administration. We will detail the differentiation protocol employed, the alginate encapsulation procedure, and the xenotransplantation steps required for a successful and reproducible experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Aga Legøy
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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