1
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Wang T, Sharma AK, Wu C, Maushart CI, Ghosh A, Yang W, Stefanicka P, Kovanicova Z, Ukropec J, Zhang J, Arnold M, Klug M, De Bock K, Schneider U, Popescu C, Zheng B, Ding L, Long F, Dewal RS, Moser C, Sun W, Dong H, Takes M, Suelberg D, Mameghani A, Nocito A, Zech CJ, Chirindel A, Wild D, Burger IA, Schön MR, Dietrich A, Gao M, Heine M, Sun Y, Vargas-Castillo A, Søberg S, Scheele C, Balaz M, Blüher M, Betz MJ, Spiegelman BM, Wolfrum C. Single-nucleus transcriptomics identifies separate classes of UCP1 and futile cycle adipocytes. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00276-6. [PMID: 39084216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue can recruit catabolic adipocytes that utilize chemical energy to dissipate heat. This process occurs either by uncoupled respiration through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) or by utilizing ATP-dependent futile cycles (FCs). However, it remains unclear how these pathways coexist since both processes rely on the mitochondrial membrane potential. Utilizing single-nucleus RNA sequencing to deconvolute the heterogeneity of subcutaneous adipose tissue in mice and humans, we identify at least 2 distinct subpopulations of beige adipocytes: FC-adipocytes and UCP1-beige adipocytes. Importantly, we demonstrate that the FC-adipocyte subpopulation is highly metabolically active and utilizes FCs to dissipate energy, thus contributing to thermogenesis independent of Ucp1. Furthermore, FC-adipocytes are important drivers of systemic energy homeostasis and linked to glucose metabolism and obesity resistance in humans. Taken together, our findings identify a noncanonical thermogenic adipocyte subpopulation, which could be an important regulator of energy homeostasis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Irene Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wu Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrik Stefanicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kovanicova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Health Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Klug
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Health Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Popescu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Bo Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lianggong Ding
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Fen Long
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Revati Sumukh Dewal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Martin Takes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Suelberg
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mameghani
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Nocito
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Johannes Zech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alin Chirindel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Wild
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irene A Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael R Schön
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yizhi Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna Søberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany & Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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2
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Vargas-Castillo A, Sun Y, Smythers AL, Grauvogel L, Dumesic PA, Emont MP, Tsai LT, Rosen ED, Zammit NW, Shaffer SM, Ordonez M, Chouchani ET, Gygi SP, Wang T, Sharma AK, Balaz M, Wolfrum C, Spiegelman BM. Development of a functional beige fat cell line uncovers independent subclasses of cells expressing UCP1 and the futile creatine cycle. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00273-0. [PMID: 39084217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Although uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is established as a major contributor to adipose thermogenesis, recent data have illustrated an important role for alternative pathways, particularly the futile creatine cycle (FCC). How these pathways co-exist in cells and tissues has not been explored. Beige cell adipogenesis occurs in vivo but has been difficult to model in vitro; here, we describe the development of a murine beige cell line that executes a robust respiratory response, including uncoupled respiration and the FCC. The key FCC enzyme, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), is localized almost exclusively to mitochondria in these cells. Surprisingly, single-cell cloning from this cell line shows that cells with the highest levels of UCP1 express little TNAP, and cells with the highest expression of TNAP express little UCP1. Immunofluorescence analysis of subcutaneous fat from cold-exposed mice confirms that the highest levels of these critical thermogenic components are expressed in distinct fat cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yizhi Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda L Smythers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louisa Grauvogel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phillip A Dumesic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margo P Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathan W Zammit
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney M Shaffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martha Ordonez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anand K Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Metabolism, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Wueest S, Scaffidi C, van Krieken PP, Konrad NK, Koch C, Wiedemann MSF, Goergen A, Borsigova M, Lempesis IG, Fullin J, Manolopoulos KN, Böttcher S, Goossens GH, Blüher M, Konrad D. Fas (CD95) expression in adipocytes contributes to diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024. [PMID: 39020501 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Induction of browning in white adipose tissue (WAT) increases energy expenditure and may be an attractive target for the treatment of obesity. Since activation of Fas (CD95) induces pathways known to blunt expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), we hypothesized that Fas expression in adipocytes inhibits WAT browning and thus contributes to the development of obesity. METHODS Adipocyte-specific Fas knockout (FasΔadipo) and control littermate (FasF/F) mice were fed a regular chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Energy expenditure was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and browning was determined in subcutaneous WAT. In vitro, UCP1 was analyzed in subcutaneous murine adipocytes treated with or without Fas ligand. Moreover, FAS expression in WAT was correlated to UCP1 and percentage of body fat in human individuals. RESULTS HFD-fed FasΔadipo mice displayed reduced body weight gain and blunted adiposity compared to control littermates. Concomitantly, whole-body energy expenditure and WAT browning were elevated. In cultured adipocytes, Fas ligand treatment blunted isoproterenol-induced UCP1 protein levels. In support of these findings in rodents, FAS expression in WAT correlated negatively with UCP1 but positively with adiposity in human individuals. CONCLUSIONS Fas activation in adipocytes contributes to HFD-associated adiposity in rodents and may be a therapeutic target to reduce obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Scaffidi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pim P van Krieken
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils K Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Koch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael S F Wiedemann
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Goergen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Borsigova
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis G Lempesis
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonas Fullin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos N Manolopoulos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steffen Böttcher
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Chang L, Meng F, Jiao B, Zhou T, Su R, Zhu C, Wu Y, Ling Y, Wang S, Wu K, Zhang D, Cao J. Integrated analysis of omics reveals the role of scapular fat in thermogenesis adaptation in sunite sheep. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101292. [PMID: 39018792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Inhabiting some of the world's most inhospitable climatic regions, the Sunite Mongolian sheep generates average temperatures as low as 4.3 °C and a minimum temperature of -38.8 °C; in these environments, they make essential cold adaptations. In this regard, scapular fat tissues from Mongolian sheep were collected both in winter and summer for transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to identify genes related to adaptive thermogenesis. In the transcriptome analysis, 588 differentially expressed genes were identified to participate in smooth muscle activity and fat metabolism, as well as in nutrient regulation. There were 343 upregulated and 245 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG pathway analyses on these genes revealed their participation in regulating smooth muscle activity, metabolism of fats, and nutrients. Proteomic analysis showed the differential expression of 925 proteins: among them, there are 432 up- and 493 down-expressed proteins. These proteins are mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory chain complex assembly, and ATP production by electron transport. Furthermore, using both sets at a more detailed level of analysis revealed over-representation in gene ontology categories related to hormone signaling, metabolism of lipids, the pentose phosphate pathway, the TCA cycle, and especially the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The identified essential genes and proteins were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively; key metabolic network constriction was constructed. The present study emphasized the critical role of lipid turnover in scapular fat for thermogenic adaptation in Sunite sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Fanhua Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Boran Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Rina Su
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yu Ling
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shenyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Junwei Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Biomanufacturing, Hohhot 010018, China.
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5
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Cai Z, Zhong Q, Feng Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wei C, Yin Z, Liang C, Liew CW, Kazak L, Cypess AM, Liu Z, Cai K. Non-invasive mapping of brown adipose tissue activity with magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1367-1379. [PMID: 39054361 PMCID: PMC11272596 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) has a positive impact on whole-body metabolism. However, in vivo mapping of BAT activity typically relies on techniques involving ionizing radiation, such as [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT). Here we report a noninvasive metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach based on creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer (Cr-CEST) contrast to assess in vivo BAT activity in rodents and humans. In male rats, a single dose of the β3-adrenoceptor agonist (CL 316,243) or norepinephrine, as well as cold exposure, triggered a robust elevation of the Cr-CEST MRI signal, which was consistent with the [18F]FDG PET and CT data and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of creatine concentration in BAT. We further show that Cr-CEST MRI detects cold-stimulated BAT activation in humans (both males and females) using a 3T clinical scanner, with data-matching results from [18F]FDG PET and CT measurements. This study establishes Cr-CEST MRI as a promising noninvasive and radiation-free approach for in vivo mapping of BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Cai
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuoman Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailv Wei
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Changhong Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Hazell Pickering S, Abdelhalim M, Collas P, Briand N. Alternative isoform expression of key thermogenic genes in human beige adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1395750. [PMID: 38859907 PMCID: PMC11163967 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1395750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial effect of thermogenic adipocytes in maintaining body weight and protecting against metabolic disorders has raised interest in understanding the regulatory mechanisms defining white and beige adipocyte identity. Although alternative splicing has been shown to propagate adipose browning signals in mice, this has yet to be thoroughly investigated in human adipocytes. Methods We performed parallel white and beige adipogenic differentiation using primary adipose stem cells from 6 unrelated healthy subjects and assessed differential gene and isoform expression in mature adipocytes by RNA sequencing. Results We find 777 exon junctions with robust differential usage between white and beige adipocytes in all 6 subjects, mapping to 562 genes. Importantly, only 10% of these differentially spliced genes are also differentially expressed, indicating that alternative splicing constitutes an additional layer of gene expression regulation during beige adipocyte differentiation. Functional classification of alternative isoforms points to a gain of function for key thermogenic transcription factors such as PPARG and CITED1, and enzymes such as PEMT, or LPIN1. We find that a large majority of the splice variants arise from differential TSS usage, with beige-specific TSSs being enriched for PPARγ and MED1 binding compared to white-specific TSSs. Finally, we validate beige specific isoform expression at the protein level for two thermogenic regulators, PPARγ and PEMT. Discussion These results suggest that differential isoform expression through alternative TSS usage is an important regulatory mechanism for human adipocyte thermogenic specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hazell Pickering
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohamed Abdelhalim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nolwenn Briand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Su Y, Li X, Zhao J, Ji B, Zhao X, Feng J, Zhao J. Guanidinoacetic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation and promotes white adipose tissue browning in middle-aged mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Food Funct 2024; 15:4515-4526. [PMID: 38567805 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged supporting the importance of GAA in metabolic dysfunction. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of GAA on hepatic and adipose tissue metabolism, as well as systemic inflammatory responses in obese middle-aged mice models and attempted to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that dietary supplementation of GAA inhibited inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) hypertrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, GAA supplementation observably decreased the levels of some systemic inflammatory factors, including IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Intriguingly, GAA supplementation ameliorated hepatic steatosis and lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, which was revealed by decreased levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FASN, ACC, FABP1, and APOB and increased levels of HDL-C in the liver. Moreover, GAA supplementation increased the expression of browning markers and mitochondrial-related genes in the iWAT. Further investigation showed that dietary GAA promoted the browning of the iWAT via activating the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway and might be associated with futile creatine cycling in obese mice. These results indicate that GAA has the potential to be used as an effective ingredient in dietary interventions and thus may play an important role in ameliorating and preventing HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Bingzhen Ji
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
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8
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Yu X, Benitez G, Wei PT, Krylova SV, Song Z, Liu L, Zhang M, Xiaoli AM, Wei H, Chen F, Sidoli S, Yang F, Shinoda K, Pessin JE, Feng D. Involution of brown adipose tissue through a Syntaxin 4 dependent pyroptosis pathway. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2856. [PMID: 38565851 PMCID: PMC10987578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging, chronic high-fat diet feeding, or housing at thermoneutrality induces brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, a process characterized by reduction of BAT mass and function with increased lipid droplet size. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of aged mice identifies a specific brown adipocyte population of Ucp1-low cells that are pyroptotic and display a reduction in the longevity gene syntaxin 4 (Stx4a). Similar to aged brown adipocytes, Ucp1-STX4KO mice display loss of brown adipose tissue mass and thermogenic dysfunction concomitant with increased pyroptosis. Restoration of STX4 expression or suppression of pyroptosis activation protects against the decline in both mass and thermogenic activity in the aged and Ucp1-STX4KO mice. Mechanistically, STX4 deficiency reduces oxidative phosphorylation, glucose uptake, and glycolysis leading to reduced ATP levels, a known triggering signal for pyroptosis. Together, these data demonstrate an understanding of rapid brown adipocyte involution and that physiologic aging and thermogenic dysfunction result from pyroptotic signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gabrielle Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Peter Tszki Wei
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sofia V Krylova
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ziyi Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Meifan Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Henna Wei
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Fenfen Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650244, China
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Fajun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Daorong Feng
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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9
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Negroiu CE, Tudorașcu I, Bezna CM, Godeanu S, Diaconu M, Danoiu R, Danoiu S. Beyond the Cold: Activating Brown Adipose Tissue as an Approach to Combat Obesity. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1973. [PMID: 38610736 PMCID: PMC11012454 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With a dramatic increase in the number of obese and overweight people, there is a great need for new anti-obesity therapies. With the discovery of the functionality of brown adipose tissue in adults and the observation of beige fat cells among white fat cells, scientists are looking for substances and methods to increase the activity of these cells. We aimed to describe how scientists have concluded that brown adipose tissue is also present and active in adults, to describe where in the human body these deposits of brown adipose tissue are, to summarize the origin of both brown fat cells and beige fat cells, and, last but not least, to list some of the substances and methods classified as BAT promotion agents with their benefits and side effects. We summarized these findings based on the original literature and reviews in the field, emphasizing the discovery, function, and origins of brown adipose tissue, BAT promotion agents, and batokines. Only studies written in English and with a satisfying rating were identified from electronic searches of PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Elena Negroiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Iulia Tudorașcu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Cristina Maria Bezna
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Sanziana Godeanu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Marina Diaconu
- Department of Radiology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Raluca Danoiu
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.B.); (S.D.)
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10
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Mota CMD, Madden CJ. Neural circuits of long-term thermoregulatory adaptations to cold temperatures and metabolic demands. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:143-158. [PMID: 38316956 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian brain controls heat generation and heat loss mechanisms that regulate body temperature and energy metabolism. Thermoeffectors include brown adipose tissue, cutaneous blood flow and skeletal muscle, and metabolic energy sources include white adipose tissue. Neural and metabolic pathways modulating the activity and functional plasticity of these mechanisms contribute not only to the optimization of function during acute challenges, such as ambient temperature changes, infection and stress, but also to longitudinal adaptations to environmental and internal changes. Exposure of humans to repeated and seasonal cold ambient conditions leads to adaptations in thermoeffectors such as habituation of cutaneous vasoconstriction and shivering. In animals that undergo hibernation and torpor, neurally regulated metabolic and thermoregulatory adaptations enable survival during periods of significant reduction in metabolic rate. In addition, changes in diet can activate accessory neural pathways that alter thermoeffector activity. This knowledge may be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, including treatments for obesity and improved means of therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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11
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Lun W, Yan Q, Guo X, Zhou M, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Mechanism of action of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:468-491. [PMID: 38322325 PMCID: PMC10840437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane protein receptors, and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a member of this family. As a membrane receptor, TGR5 is widely distributed in different parts of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, including the processes of energy consumption, weight loss and blood glucose homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that TGR5 plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders such as fatty liver, obesity and diabetes. With the global obesity situation becoming more and more serious, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanism of TGR5 and filling the gaps in knowledge concerning clinical ligand drugs are urgently needed. In this review, we mainly explain the anti-obesity mechanism of TGR5 to promote the further study of this target, and show the electron microscope structure of TGR5 and review recent studies on TGR5 ligands to illustrate the specific binding between TGR5 receptor binding sites and ligands, which can effectively provide new ideas for ligand research and promote drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Lun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qihao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minchuan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Liu T, Wang J, Tong Y, Wu L, Xie Y, He P, Lin S, Hu X. Integrating network pharmacology and animal experimental validation to investigate the action mechanism of oleanolic acid in obesity. J Transl Med 2024; 22:86. [PMID: 38246999 PMCID: PMC10802007 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a condition associated with the development of widespread cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and other health complications, has emerged as a significant global health issue. Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that is widely distributed in various natural plants, has demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, the mechanism by which OA fights obesity has not been well studied. METHOD Network pharmacology was utilized to search for potential targets and pathways of OA against obesity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to validate the interaction of OA with core targets, and an animal model of obesity induced by high-fat eating was then employed to confirm the most central of these targets. RESULTS The network pharmacology study thoroughly examined 42 important OA targets for the treatment of obesity. The key biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF) of OA for anti-obesity were identified using GO enrichment analysis, including intracellular receptor signaling, intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling, chromatin, nucleoplasm, receptor complex, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and RNA polymerase II transcription Factor Activity. The KEGG/DAVID database enrichment study found that metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathways, cancer pathways/PPAR signaling pathways, insulin resistance, and ovarian steroidogenesis all play essential roles in the treatment of obesity and OA. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to screen nine main targets: PPARG, PPARA, MAPK3, NR3C1, PTGS2, CYP19A1, CNR1, HSD11B1, and AGTR1. Using molecular docking technology, the possible binding mechanism and degree of binding between OA and each important target were validated, demonstrating that OA has a good binding potential with each target. The molecular dynamics simulation's Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), and Radius of Gyration (Rg) further demonstrated that OA has strong binding stability with each target. Additional animal studies confirmed the significance of the core target PPARG and the core pathway PPAR signaling pathway in OA anti-obesity. CONCLUSION Overall, our study utilized a multifaceted approach to investigate the value and mechanisms of OA in treating obesity, thereby providing a novel foundation for the identification and development of natural drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lele Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujue Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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叶 潇, 宋 迎, 赵 瑜, 朱 大. [Cold stimulation promotes interleukin-4 secretion by mucosal-associated invariant T cells in the adipose tissue to promote adipose browning in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1881-1885. [PMID: 38081605 PMCID: PMC10713470 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the regulatory mechanism of adipose browning. METHODS A mouse model with functional deficiency of MAIT cells was established for comparison with the wild-type mice for levels of brown adipose tissue markers in response to cold stimulation using Western blotting and RT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes in the number, activation level and cytokine secretion ability of MAIT cells in mouse adipose tissue after cold stimulation. In a co-culture system of MAIT cells and adipocytes, the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) blocking antibodies on the expressions of brown adipose tissue markers in the adipocytes was evaluated using Western blotting and RT-PCR. In a mouse model of MAIT cell deficiency, the changes in adipose browning-related indicators in response to cold stimulation were analyzed using metabolic cages, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and the Seahorse method. RESULTS In both the mouse models of functional deficiency of MAIT cells and wild-type mice, cold stimulation significantly increased the expression levels of brown adipose tissue markers UCP-1 and PGC1-α and upregulated CD69 and IL-4 expressions in the adipose tissue without significantly affecting the number of MAIT cells in the adipose tissue. In the coculture experiment, the adipocytes showed obviously increased browning level after co-culture with MAIT cells (P < 0.05), but blocking IL-4 signaling strongly downregulated the browning level (P < 0.05). The MAIT cell-deficient mice showed obviously lower levels of energy expenditure, adipose browning and metabolism of the adipocytes compared with the wild-type mice in response to cold stimulation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MAIT cells participate in adipose browning in mice, and cold stimulation promotes MAIT cell secretion of IL-4 to positively regulate adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- 潇 叶
- 南京医科大学鼓楼临床医学院内分泌科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
- 浙江省人民医院内分泌科(杭州医学院附属人民医院),浙江 杭州 310014Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - 迎香 宋
- 浙江省人民医院内分泌科(杭州医学院附属人民医院),浙江 杭州 310014Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - 瑜 赵
- 浙江省人民医院内分泌科(杭州医学院附属人民医院),浙江 杭州 310014Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - 大龙 朱
- 南京医科大学鼓楼临床医学院内分泌科,江苏 南京 210008Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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15
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Balderas E, Lee SH, Shankar TS, Yin X, Balynas AM, Kyriakopoulos CP, Selzman CH, Drakos SG, Chaudhuri D. Mitochondria possess a large, non-selective ionic current that is enhanced during cardiac injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567241. [PMID: 38014208 PMCID: PMC10680780 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ion channels are essential for energy production and cell survival. To avoid depleting the electrochemical gradient used for ATP synthesis, channels so far described in the mitochondrial inner membrane open only briefly, are highly ion-selective, have restricted tissue distributions, or have small currents. Here, we identify a mitochondrial inner membrane conductance that has strikingly different behavior from previously described channels. It is expressed ubiquitously, and transports cations non-selectively, producing a large, up to nanoampere-level, current. The channel does not lead to inner membrane uncoupling during normal physiology because it only becomes active at depolarized voltages. It is inhibited by external Ca2+, corresponding to the intermembrane space, as well as amiloride. This large, ubiquitous, non-selective, amiloride-sensitive (LUNA) current appears most active when expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter is minimal, such as in the heart. In this organ, we find that LUNA current magnitude increases two- to threefold in multiple mouse models of injury, an effect also seen in cardiac mitochondria from human patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Taken together, these features lead us to speculate that LUNA current may arise from an essential protein that acts as a transporter under physiological conditions, but becomes a channel under conditions of mitochondrial stress and depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Balderas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sandra H.J. Lee
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Thirupura S. Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xue Yin
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Anthony M. Balynas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Christos P. Kyriakopoulos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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16
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El-Yazbi AF, Elrewiny MA, Habib HM, Eid AH, Elzahhar PA, Belal ASF. Thermogenic Modulation of Adipose Depots: A Perspective on Possible Therapeutic Intervention with Early Cardiorenal Complications of Metabolic Impairment. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:187-194. [PMID: 37567782 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications of diabetes and obesity remain a major cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances in the pharmacotherapy of metabolic disease, the available approaches do not prevent or slow the progression of complications. Moreover, a majority of patients present with significant vascular involvement at early stages of dysfunction prior to overt metabolic changes. The lack of disease-modifying therapies affects millions of patients globally, causing a massive economic burden due to these complications. Significantly, adipose tissue inflammation was implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. Specifically, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) depots influence cardiovascular and renal structure and function. Accumulating evidence implicates localized PVAT/PRAT inflammation as the earliest response to metabolic impairment leading to cardiorenal dysfunction. Increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and function lead to PVAT/PRAT hypoxia and inflammation as well as vascular, cardiac, and renal dysfunction. As UCP1 function remains an undruggable target so far, modulation of the augmented UCP1-mediated PVAT/PRAT thermogenesis constitutes a lucrative target for drug development to mitigate early cardiorenal involvement. This can be achieved either by subtle targeted reduction in UCP-1 expression using innovative proteolysis activating chimeric molecules (PROTACs) or by supplementation with cyclocreatine phosphate, which augments the mitochondrial futile creatine cycling and thus decreases UCP1 activity, enhances the efficiency of oxygen use, and reduces hypoxia. Once developed, these molecules will be first-in-class therapeutic tools to directly interfere with and reverse the earliest pathology underlying cardiac, vascular, and renal dysfunction accompanying the early metabolic deterioration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adipose tissue dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and their complications. Although mitochondrial alterations are common in metabolic impairment, it was only recently shown that the early stages of metabolic challenge involve inflammatory changes in select adipose depots associated with increased uncoupling protein 1 thermogenesis and hypoxia. Manipulating this mode of thermogenesis can help mitigate the early inflammation and the consequent cardiorenal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Mohamed A Elrewiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Hosam M Habib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
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17
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Ernst P, Kim S, Yang Z, Liu XM, Zhou L. Characterization of the far-red fluorescent probe MitoView 633 for dynamic mitochondrial membrane potential measurement. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1257739. [PMID: 37936577 PMCID: PMC10627182 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1257739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: MitoView 633, a far-red fluorescent dye, exhibits the ability to accumulate within mitochondria in a membrane potential-dependent manner, as described by the Nernst equation. This characteristic renders it a promising candidate for bioenergetics studies, particularly as a robust indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential (DYm). Despite its great potential, its utility in live cell imaging has not been well characterized. Methods: This study seeks to characterize the spectral properties of MitoView 633 in live cells and evaluate its mitochondrial staining, resistance to photobleaching, and dynamics during DYm depolarization. The co-staining and imaging of MitoView 633 with other fluorophores such as MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM were also examined in cardiomyocytes using confocal microscopy. Results and Discussion: Spectrum analysis showed that MitoView 633 emission could be detected at 660 ± 50 nm, and exhibited superior thermal stability compared to tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), a commonly used DYm indicator, which emits at 605 ± 25 nm. Confocal imaging unequivocally illustrated MitoView 633's specific localization within the mitochondrial matrix, corroborated by its colocalization with MitoTracker Green, a well-established mitochondrial marker. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MitoView 633 exhibited minimal photobleaching at the recommended in vitro concentrations. Additionally, the dynamics of MitoView 633 fluoresce during carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler)-induced DYm depolarization mirrored that of TMRM. Importantly, MitoView 633 demonstrated compatibility with co-staining alongside MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM, enabling concurrent monitoring of DYm, mitochondrial ROS, and cytosolic Ca2+ in intact cells. Conclusion: These findings collectively underscore MitoView 633 as a superb molecular probe for the singular or combined assessment of DYm and other indicators in live cell imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ernst
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zengqiao Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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18
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Maushart CI, Sun W, Othman A, Ghosh A, Senn JR, Fischer JGW, Madoerin P, Loeliger RC, Benz RM, Takes M, Zech CJ, Chirindel A, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Wild D, Bieri O, Zamboni N, Wolfrum C, Betz MJ. Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment on human brown adipose tissue activity: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy men. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104771. [PMID: 37659283 PMCID: PMC10483510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely applied anti-inflammatory drugs that are associated with adverse metabolic effects including insulin resistance and weight gain. Previous research indicates that GCs may negatively impact brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in rodents and humans. METHODS We performed a randomised, double-blinded cross-over trial in 16 healthy men (clinicaltrials.govNCT03269747). Participants received 40 mg of prednisone per day for one week or placebo. After a washout period of four weeks, participants crossed-over to the other treatment arm. Primary endpoint was the increase in resting energy expenditure (EE) in response to a mild-cold stimulus (cold-induced thermogenesis, CIT). Secondary outcomes comprised mean 18F-FDG uptake into supraclavicular BAT (SUVmean) as determined by FDG-PET/CT, volume of the BAT depot as well as fat content determined by MRI. The plasma metabolome and the transcriptome of supraclavicular BAT and of skeletal muscle biopsies after each treatment period were analysed. FINDINGS Sixteen participants were recruited to the trial and completed it successfully per protocol. After prednisone treatment resting EE was higher both during warm and cold conditions. However, CIT was similar, 153 kcal/24 h (95% CI 40-266 kcal/24 h) after placebo and 186 kcal/24 h (95% CI 94-277 kcal/24 h, p = 0.38) after prednisone. SUVmean of BAT after cold exposure was not significantly affected by prednisone (3.36 g/ml, 95% CI 2.69-4.02 g/ml, vs 3.07 g/ml, 95% CI 2.52-3.62 g/ml, p = 0.28). Results of plasma metabolomics and BAT transcriptomics corroborated these findings. RNA sequencing of muscle biopsies revealed higher expression of genes involved in calcium cycling. No serious adverse events were reported and adverse events were evenly distributed between the two treatments. INTERPRETATION Prednisone increased EE in healthy men possibly by altering skeletal muscle calcium cycling. Cold-induced BAT activity was not affected by GC treatment, which indicates that the unfavourable metabolic effects of GCs are independent from thermogenic adipocytes. FUNDING Grants from Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P3_167823), Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation and from Nora van der Meeuwen-Häfliger Foundation to MJB. A fellowship-grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF211053) to WS. Grants from German Research Foundation (project number: 314061271-TRR 205) and Else Kröner-Fresenius (grant support 2012_A103 and 2015_A228) to MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Irene Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Alaa Othman
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jaël Rut Senn
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Gabriel William Fischer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Madoerin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rahel Catherina Loeliger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Robyn Melanie Benz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Takes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Johannes Zech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alin Chirindel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Damian Wild
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John C. Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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20
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Shu H, Zhang J, Cheng D, Zhao X, Ma Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Liu Z. The Role of Proton-Coupled Amino Acid Transporter 2 (SLC36A2) in Cold-Induced Thermogenesis of Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3552. [PMID: 37630739 PMCID: PMC10458080 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes mainly utilize glucose and fatty acids to produce energy, which play key roles in thermogenesis. Furthermore, brown adipocytes also utilize other substrates, such as amino acids, for energy expenditure in various conditions. Here, we report the new physiological roles of proton-coupled amino acid transporters, SLC36A2 and SLC36A3, on global energy metabolism. The relative mRNA expression levels of both Slc36a2 and Slc36a3 were all highest in brown adipose tissue. We then generated global Slc36a2 and Slc36a3 knockout mice to investigate their functions in metabolism. Neither loss of Slc36a2 nor Slc36a3 affected the body weight and body composition of the mice. Slc36a2 knockout mice exhibited increased oxygen consumption during the daytime. After cold treatment, inhibition of Slc36a2 significantly decreased the mass of brown adipose tissue compared to wildtype mice, while it lowered the expression level of Cpt1a. Moreover, the serum lipid levels and liver mass were also decreased in Slc36a2 knockout mice after cold treatment. On the contrary, Slc36a3 knockout impaired glucose tolerance and up-regulated serum LDL-cholesterol concentration. Thus, SLC36A2 and SLC36A3 play central and different roles in the energy metabolism of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihao Jia
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (Y.Z.)
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21
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Kasza I, Cuncannan C, Michaud J, Nelson D, Yen CLE, Jain R, Simcox J, MacDougald OA, Parks BW, Alexander CM. "Humanizing" mouse environments: Humidity, diurnal cycles and thermoneutrality. Biochimie 2023; 210:82-98. [PMID: 36372307 PMCID: PMC10172392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermoneutral housing has been shown to promote more accurate and robust development of several pathologies in mice. Raising animal housing temperatures a few degrees may create a relatively straightforward opportunity to improve translatability of mouse models. In this commentary, we discuss the changes of physiology induced in mice housed at thermoneutrality, and review techniques for measuring systemic thermogenesis, specifically those affecting storage and mobilization of lipids in adipose depots. Environmental cues are a component of the information integrated by the brain to calculate food consumption and calorie deposition. We show that relative humidity is one of those cues, inducing a rapid sensory response that is converted to a more chronic susceptibility to obesity. Given high inter-institutional variability in the regulation of relative humidity, study reproducibility may be improved by consideration of this factor. We evaluate a "humanized" environmental cycling protocol, where mice sleep in warm temperature housing, and are cool during the wake cycle. We show that this protocol suppresses adaptation to cool exposure, with consequence for adipose-associated lipid storage. To evaluate systemic cues in mice housed at thermoneutral temperatures, we characterized the circulating lipidome, and show that sera are highly depleted in some HDL-associated phospholipids, specifically phospholipids containing the essential fatty acid, 18:2 linoleic acid, and its derivative, arachidonic acid (20:4) and related ether-phospholipids. Given the role of these fatty acids in inflammatory responses, we propose they may underlie the differences in disease progression observed at thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Kasza
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Colleen Cuncannan
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Julian Michaud
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Dave Nelson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Chi-Liang E Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Judi Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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22
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Xu J, Zhang LW, Feng H, Tang Y, Fu SQ, Liu XM, Zhu XY. The Chinese herbal medicine Dai-Zong-Fang promotes browning of white adipocytes in vivo and in vitro by activating PKA pathway to ameliorate obesity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1176443. [PMID: 37251344 PMCID: PMC10211343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1176443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The global prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly. Conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) into beige adipose tissue with heat-consuming characteristics, i.e., WAT browning, effectively inhibits obesity. Dai-Zong-Fang (DZF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has long been used to treat metabolic syndrome and obesity. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological mechanism of DZF against obesity. Methods: In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diets to establish the diet-induced obese (DIO) model. DZF (0.40 g/kg and 0.20 g/kg) and metformin (0.15 g/kg, positive control drug) were used as intervention drugs for six weeks, respectively. The effects of DZF on body size, blood glucose and lipid level, structure and morphology of adipocytes and browning of inguinal WAT (iWAT) in DIO mice were observed. In vitro, mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used as the model. Concentrations of DZF (0.8 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL) were selected according to the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). After 2d intervention, lipid droplet morphology was observed by BODIPY493/503 staining, and mitochondria number was observed by mito-tracker Green staining. H-89 dihydrochloride, a PKA inhibitor, was used to observe the change in browning markers' expression. The expression levels of browning markers UCP1 and PGC-1α and key molecules of PKA pathway were detected in vivo and in vitro. Results: In vivo, compared with vehicle control group, 0.40 g/kg DZF significantly reduced obesity in DIO mice from body weight, abdomen circumference, Lee's index, and WAT/body weight (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). 0.40 g/kg DZF also significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). The iWAT's morphology and mitochondria were browning after DZF intervention. In HE-staining, the lipid droplets became smaller, and the number of mitochondria increased. The mitochondrial structure was remodeled under the electron microscope. The expression of UCP1, PGC-1α and PKA was elevated in iWAT detected by RT-qPCR (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). In vitro, compared with the control group, 0.8 mg/mL DZF intervention significantly increased the number of mitochondria and expression of UCP1, PGC-1α, PKA, and pCREB (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In contrast, UCP1 and PGC-1α expression were significantly reversed after adding PKA inhibitor H-89 dihydrochloride. Conclusion: DZF can promote UCP1 expression by activating the PKA pathway, thereby promoting browning of WAT, attenuating obesity, and reducing obesity-related glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities, indicating that DZF has the potential to be selected as an anti-obesity drug to benefit obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Qiang Fu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ming Liu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Choi M, Yun JW. β-Carotene induces UCP1-independent thermogenesis via ATP-consuming futile cycles in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 739:109581. [PMID: 36948352 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The activation of brown fat and induction of beige adipocytes, so-called non-shivering thermogenesis, is emerging as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in obesity management. Our previous report demonstrated that β-carotene (BC) induces beige adipocytes to increase UCP1-dependent thermogenic activity. However, the UCP1-independent thermogenic effect of BC on adipose tissues remains unexplored. In this study, we examined the effects of BC on UCP1-independent thermogenic activity with a focus on the ATP-consuming futile cycles in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BC increased intracellular calcium levels and stimulated the expression of calcium cycling-related proteins, including sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) 2b, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK2) in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. In addition, BC stimulated thermogenesis by activating the creatine metabolism-related thermogenic pathway. Moreover, BC activated β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), which efficiently cleaved BC to retinal and consequently converted to its transcriptionally active form retinoic acid. These BC conversion products also exhibited thermogenic effects comparable to a similar level of BC. The mechanistic study revealed that retinal exhibited thermogenic activity independently of retinoic acid and retinoic acid-mediated thermogenesis was resulted partly from conversion of retinal. Moreover, BC activated α1-AR and UCP1-independent thermogenic effectors independently of UCP1 expression. In conclusion, the thermogenic response to BC and its conversion products in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes involves two interacting pathways, one mediated via β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-AR) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the other via α1-AR and increases in cytosolic Ca2+ levels activated by calcium regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Lv S, Hu T, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Yu W, Wang Z, Shi C, Lian J, Huang S, Pei G, Luan B. Rhamnose Displays an Anti-Obesity Effect Through Stimulation of Adipose Dopamine Receptors and Thermogenesis. Diabetes 2023; 72:326-335. [PMID: 36473059 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure leads to the prevalence of obesity worldwide. A strategy to simultaneously limit energy intake and promote energy expenditure would be an important new obesity treatment. Here, we identified rhamnose as a nonnutritive sweetener to promote adipose thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Rhamnose promotes cAMP production and PKA activation through dopamine receptor D1 in adipose tissue. As a result, rhamnose administration promotes UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and ameliorates obesity in mice. Thus, we have demonstrated a rhamnose-dopamine receptor D1-PKA axis critical for thermogenesis, and that rhamnose may have a role in therapeutic molecular diets against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjie Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjiang Lian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Jiang J, Zhou D, Zhang A, Yu W, Du L, Yuan H, Zhang C, Wang Z, Jia X, Zhang ZN, Luan B. Thermogenic adipocyte-derived zinc promotes sympathetic innervation in male mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:481-494. [PMID: 36879120 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons activate thermogenic adipocytes through release of catecholamine; however, the regulation of sympathetic innervation by thermogenic adipocytes is unclear. Here, we identify primary zinc ion (Zn) as a thermogenic adipocyte-secreted factor that promotes sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipose tissue in male mice. Depleting thermogenic adipocytes or antagonizing β3-adrenergic receptor on adipocytes impairs sympathetic innervation. In obesity, inflammation-induced upregulation of Zn chaperone protein metallothionein-2 decreases Zn secretion from thermogenic adipocytes and leads to decreased energy expenditure. Furthermore, Zn supplementation ameliorates obesity by promoting sympathetic neuron-induced thermogenesis, while sympathetic denervation abrogates this antiobesity effect. Thus, we have identified a positive feedback mechanism for the reciprocal regulation of thermogenic adipocytes and sympathetic neurons. This mechanism is important for adaptive thermogenesis and could serve as a potential target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglei Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Metabolic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyang Jia
- Department of Metabolic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Chen Y, He A. Isolation and Differentiation of Adipocyte Precursors Derived from Neonatal Murine Brown Adipose Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:25-31. [PMID: 37076668 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important regulator of energy homeostasis. Primary brown adipocyte culture provides a powerful and physiologically relevant tool for in vitro studies related to BAT. Here, we describe a detailed procedure for isolation and differentiation of adipocyte precursors from neonatal murine interscapular BAT (iBAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anyuan He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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27
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Nicholls DG, Brand MD. A critical assessment of the role of creatine in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:21-28. [PMID: 36624158 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue is specialized for non-shivering thermogenesis, combining lipolysis with an extremely active mitochondrial electron transport chain and a unique regulated uncoupling protein, UCP1, allowing unrestricted respiration. Current excitement focuses on the presence of brown adipose tissue in humans and the possibility that it may contribute to diet-induced thermogenesis, countering obesity and obesity-related disease as well as protecting cardio-metabolic health. In common with other tissues displaying a high, variable respiration, the tissue possesses a creatine pool and mitochondrial and cytosolic creatine kinase isoforms. Genetic and pharmacological manipulation of these components have pleiotropic effects that appear to influence diet- and cold-induced metabolism in vivo and modeled in vitro. These findings have been used to advance the concept of a UCP1-independent diet-induced thermogenic mechanism based on a dissipative hydrolysis of phosphocreatine in beige and brown adipose tissue. Here we review the in vivo and in vitro experimental basis for this hypothesis, and explore alternative explanations. We conclude that there is currently no convincing evidence for a significant futile creatine cycle in these tissues.
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28
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Curcumin Stimulates UCP1-independent Thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 White Adipocytes but Suppresses in C2C12 Muscle Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Chang CF, Gunawan AL, Liparulo I, Zushin PJH, Bertholet AM, Kirichok Y, Stahl A. CoQ Regulates Brown Adipose Tissue Respiration and Uncoupling Protein 1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 36670876 PMCID: PMC9854525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, aka ubiquinone) is a key component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and membrane-incorporated antioxidant. CoQ10 deficiencies encompass a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical phenotypes and can be caused by hereditary mutations in the biosynthesis pathway or result from pharmacological interventions such as HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors, and statins, which are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular disease. How CoQ deficiency affects individual tissues and cell types, particularly mitochondrial-rich ones such as brown adipose tissue (BAT), has remained poorly understood. Here we show that pharmacological and genetic models of BAT CoQ deficiency show altered respiration that can only in part be explained by classical roles of CoQ in the respiration chain. Instead, we found that CoQ strongly impacts brown and beige adipocyte respiration via the regulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. CoQ deficiency in BAT robustly decreases UCP1 protein levels and uncoupled respiration unexpectedly, resulting in increased inner mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ADP/ATP ratios. Suppressed UCP1 expression was also observed in a BAT-specific in vivo model of CoQ deficiency and resulted in enhanced cold sensitivity. These findings demonstrate an as yet unappreciated role of CoQ in the transcriptional regulation of key thermogenic genes and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Chang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amanda L. Gunawan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter-James H. Zushin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ambre M. Bertholet
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuriy Kirichok
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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30
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Sadler DG, Treas L, Sikes JD, Porter C. A modest change in housing temperature alters whole body energy expenditure and adipocyte thermogenic capacity in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E517-E528. [PMID: 36351253 PMCID: PMC9744648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00079.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Typical vivarium temperatures (20-26°C) induce facultative thermogenesis in mice, a process attributable in part to uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1). The impact of modest changes in housing temperature on whole body and adipose tissue energetics in mice remains unclear. Here, we determined the effects of transitioning mice from 24°C to 30°C on total energy expenditure and adipose tissue protein signatures. C57BL/6J mice were housed at 24°C for 2 wk and then either remained at 24°C (n = 16/group, 8M/8F) or were transitioned to 30°C (n = 16/group, 8M/8F) for 4 wk. Total energy expenditure and its components were determined by indirect calorimetry. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) proteins were quantified by Western blot and quantitative proteomics. Transitioning from 24°C to 30°C reduced total energy expenditure in both male (-25%) and female (-16%) mice, which was attributable to lower basal energy expenditure in males (-36%) and females (-40%). Total iBAT UCP1 protein content was 50% lower at 30°C compared with 24°C, whereas iWAT UCP1 protein content was similar between conditions. iBAT UCP1 protein content remained 20-fold greater than iWAT at 30°C. In iBAT and iWAT, 183 and 41 proteins were differentially expressed between 24°C and 30°C, respectively. iWAT proteins (257) differentially expressed between sexes at 30°C were not differentially expressed at 24°C. Thus, 30°C housing lowers total energy expenditure of mice when compared with an ambient temperature (24°C) that falls within the National Research Council's guidelines for housing laboratory mice. Lower iBAT UCP1 content accompanied chronic housing at 30°C. Furthermore, housing temperature influences sexual dimorphism in the iWAT proteome. These data have implications regarding the optimization of preclinical models of human disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Housing mice at 30°C reduced the basal and total energy expenditure compared with 24°C, which was accompanied by a reduction in brown adipose tissue UCP1 content. Proteomic profiling demonstrated the brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue proteomes were largely influenced by housing temperature and sex, respectively. Therefore, 30°C housing revealed sexual dimorphism in the white adipose tissue proteome that was largely absent in animals housed at 24°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Sadler
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Lillie Treas
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James D Sikes
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Craig Porter
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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31
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AlZaim I, Eid AH, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Diseases: On the Search for Novel Molecular Targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Zhu Y, Qi Z, Ding S. Exercise-Induced Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Browning: How to Explain the Conflicting Findings? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13142. [PMID: 36361929 PMCID: PMC9657384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been widely studied in targeting against metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance due to its role in nutrient metabolism and energy regulation. Whether exercise promotes adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning remains controversial. The results from human and rodent studies contradict each other. In our opinion, fat thermogenesis or browning promoted by exercise should not be a biomarker of health benefits, but an adaptation under the stress between body temperature regulation and energy supply and expenditure of multiple organs. In this review, we discuss some factors that may contribute to conflicting experimental results, such as different thermoneutral zones, gender, training experience and the heterogeneity of fat depots. In addition, we explain that a redox state in cells potentially causes thermogenesis heterogeneity and different oxidation states of UCP1, which has led to the discrepancies noted in previous studies. We describe a network by which exercise orchestrates the browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue with total energy expenditure through multiple organs (muscle, brain, liver and adipose tissue) and multiple pathways (nerve, endocrine and metabolic products), providing a possible interpretation for the conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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33
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Lv S, Zhou Y, Chen J, Yuan H, Zhang ZN, Luan B. Hepatic ER stress suppresses adipose browning through ATF4-CIRP-ANGPTL3 cascade. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111422. [PMID: 36170814 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark of obesity-induced liver steatosis and contributes to the progress of steatosis and insulin resistance in liver. However, its influence on adipose function is still unclear. Here, we identify a hepatic ER stress-induced activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP)-angiopoietin-related protein3 (ANGPTL3) cascade critical for the regulation of adipose browning. We find that obesity increases CIRP expression in liver through ER stress-induced ATF4. CIRP in turn binds to the 3' UTR and increases mRNA stability of ANGPTL3. ANGPTL3 secreted from liver suppresses uncoupling protein 1 expression through integrin αvβ3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in adipose tissue. While hepatic expression of either ATF4, CIRP, or ANGPTL3 suppresses adipose browning, knockdown of CIRP and ANGPTL3 in liver or administration of integrin αvβ3 inhibitor cilengitide increases adipose browning process. Taken together, we identify a communication mechanism to link hepatic ER stress and adipose browning that may imply a reciprocal regulation of obesity and liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huiwen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
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34
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Beignon F, Gueguen N, Tricoire-Leignel H, Mattei C, Lenaers G. The multiple facets of mitochondrial regulations controlling cellular thermogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:525. [PMID: 36125552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding temperature production and regulation in endotherm organisms becomes a crucial challenge facing the increased frequency and intensity of heat strokes related to global warming. Mitochondria, located at the crossroad of metabolism, respiration, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis, were recently proposed to further act as cellular radiators, with an estimated inner temperature reaching 50 °C in common cell lines. This inner thermogenesis might be further exacerbated in organs devoted to produce consistent efforts as muscles, or heat as brown adipose tissue, in response to acute solicitations. Consequently, pathways promoting respiratory chain uncoupling and mitochondrial activity, such as Ca2+ fluxes, uncoupling proteins, futile cycling, and substrate supplies, provide the main processes controlling heat production and cell temperature. The mitochondrial thermogenesis might be further amplified by cytoplasmic mechanisms promoting the over-consumption of ATP pools. Considering these new thermic paradigms, we discuss here all conventional wisdoms linking mitochondrial functions to cellular thermogenesis in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beignon
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
| | - Naig Gueguen
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - César Mattei
- Univ Angers, CarMe, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France. .,Service de Neurologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
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35
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Peanut Shell Extract and Luteolin Regulate Lipid Metabolism and Induce Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172696. [PMID: 36076880 PMCID: PMC9455591 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut shells are agricultural waste products that require utilization. The freeze-dried ethanolic peanut shell extract (PSE) contained 10.01 ± 0.55 mg/g of luteolin (LUT) with a total polyphenol content of 18.11 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g. Thus, LUT is one of the major polyphenolic components in PSE. Although PSE displays antibacterial and neurotrophic activities, minimal research is available addressing its potential role in lipid metabolism. This study investigated the role of PSE in terms of inhibiting adipogenesis, accelerating lipolysis, and promoting lipid browning using the 3T3-L1 cell line. Without affecting cell viability, high concentrations of PSE and LUT prevented adipogenesis by reducing the mRNA levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1-c, and increasing the protein levels of pACC and pAMPK. Moreover, PSE and LUT induced lipolysis by activating lipolytic proteins, and enhanced the protein expressions of the brown adipocyte-specific markers, UCP1, PGC-1α, and SIRT1 in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Increased mitochondrial biosynthesis provided additional evidence in favor of these findings. Due to their anti-obesity properties, it is proposed that PSE and LUT could be used as potential dietary supplements.
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36
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Politis-Barber V, Petrick HL, Raajendiran A, DesOrmeaux GJ, Brunetta HS, dos Reis LM, Mori MA, Wright DC, Watt MJ, Holloway GP. Ckmt1 is Dispensable for Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Within White/Beige Adipose Tissue. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac037. [PMID: 37954502 PMCID: PMC10633789 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within brown adipose tissue (BAT), the brain isoform of creatine kinase (CKB) has been proposed to regulate the regeneration of ADP and phosphocreatine in a futile creatine cycle (FCC) that stimulates energy expenditure. However, the presence of FCC, and the specific creatine kinase isoforms regulating this theoretical model within white adipose tissue (WAT), remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, creatine did not stimulate respiration in cultured adipocytes, isolated mitochondria or mouse permeabilized WAT. Additionally, while creatine kinase ubiquitous-type, mitochondrial (CKMT1) mRNA and protein were detected in human WAT, shRNA-mediated reductions in Ckmt1 did not decrease submaximal respiration in cultured adipocytes, and ablation of CKMT1 in mice did not alter energy expenditure, mitochondrial responses to pharmacological β3-adrenergic activation (CL 316, 243) or exacerbate the detrimental metabolic effects of consuming a high-fat diet. Taken together, these findings solidify CKMT1 as dispensable in the regulation of energy expenditure, and unlike in BAT, they do not support the presence of FCC within WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Politis-Barber
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Heather L Petrick
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Arthe Raajendiran
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Genevieve J DesOrmeaux
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Henver S Brunetta
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas - SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa M dos Reis
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas - SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas - SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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37
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Zhou D, Zhuan Q, Luo Y, Liu H, Meng L, Du X, Wu G, Hou Y, Li J, Fu X. Mito-Q promotes porcine oocytes maturation by maintaining mitochondrial thermogenesis via UCP2 downregulation. Theriogenology 2022; 187:205-214. [PMID: 35644089 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial thermogenesis is an adaptive response of cells to their surrounding stress. Oxidative stress is one of the common stresses during in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aimed to probe the effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-Q on oocyte development and unravel the role of Mito-Q in mitochondrial ATP production and thermogenesis regulation. Our results showed that Mito-Q had a positive effect on porcine oocytes maturation and subsequent embryo development. During oocytes IVM, Mito-Q could reduce ATP levels and ROS, increase lipid droplets accumulation, induce autophagy, and maintain mitochondrial temperature stability. Moreover, in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, Mito-Q would induce mitochondrial uncoupling manifested by decreased ATP, attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increased mitochondrial thermogenesis. Notably, the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP2) was significantly reduced in oocytes treated with Mito-Q. Further study indicated that specific depletion of UCP2 in oocytes also resulted in increased thermogenesis, decreased ATP and declined MMP, suggesting that UCP2 downregulation may participate in Mito-Q-induced mitochondrial uncoupling. In summary, our data demonstrate that Mito-Q promotes oocyte maturation in vitro and maintains the stability of mitochondrial thermogenesis by inhibiting UCP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingrui Zhuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Meng
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingzhu Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoquan Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050031, China.
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
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38
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Ikeda K, Yamada T. Adipose tissue thermogenesis by calcium futile cycling. J Biochem 2022; 172:197-203. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes produce heat and control systemic energy via non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). Historically, thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes was thought to be exclusively through a mitochondria-localized protein, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). However, recent studies identified UCP1-independent thermogenic mechanisms in adipocytes. Importantly, UCP1-independent pathways significantly contribute to systemic energy and glucose homeostasis. The finding of UCP1-independent mechanisms provided new opportunities to target the pathways in vivo. In this review, we discuss the current understandings of thermogenic mechanisms in adipocytes with a focus on Ca2+ futile cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ikeda
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, , Tokyo, Japan
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Targeting parvalbumin promotes M2 macrophage polarization and energy expenditure in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3301. [PMID: 35676256 PMCID: PMC9177846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise benefits M2 macrophage polarization, energy homeostasis and protects against obesity partially through exercise-induced circulating factors. Here, by unbiased quantitative proteomics on serum samples from sedentary and exercised mice, we identify parvalbumin as a circulating factor suppressed by exercise. Parvalbumin functions as a non-competitive CSF1R antagonist to inhibit M2 macrophage activation and energy expenditure in adipose tissue. More importantly, serum concentrations of parvalbumin positively correlate with obesity in mouse and human, while treating mice with a recombinant parvalbumin blocker prevents its interaction with CSF1R and promotes M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorates diet-induced obesity. Thus, although further studies are required to assess the significance of parvalbumin in mediating the effects of exercise, our results implicate parvalbumin as a potential therapeutic strategy against obesity in mice.
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Bertholet AM, Natale AM, Bisignano P, Suzuki J, Fedorenko A, Hamilton J, Brustovetsky T, Kazak L, Garrity R, Chouchani ET, Brustovetsky N, Grabe M, Kirichok Y. Mitochondrial uncouplers induce proton leak by activating AAC and UCP1. Nature 2022; 606:180-187. [PMID: 35614225 PMCID: PMC9646675 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria generate heat due to H+ leak (IH) across their inner membrane1. IH results from the action of long-chain fatty acids on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown fat2-6 and ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) in other tissues1,7-9, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. As evidence of pharmacological activators of IH through UCP1 and AAC is lacking, IH is induced by protonophores such as 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP)10,11. Although protonophores show potential in combating obesity, diabetes and fatty liver in animal models12-14, their clinical potential for treating human disease is limited due to indiscriminately increasing H+ conductance across all biological membranes10,11 and adverse side effects15. Here we report the direct measurement of IH induced by DNP, FCCP and other common protonophores and find that it is dependent on AAC and UCP1. Using molecular structures of AAC, we perform a computational analysis to determine the binding sites for protonophores and long-chain fatty acids, and find that they overlap with the putative ADP/ATP-binding site. We also develop a mathematical model that proposes a mechanism of uncoupler-dependent IH through AAC. Thus, common protonophoric uncouplers are synthetic activators of IH through AAC and UCP1, paving the way for the development of new and more specific activators of these two central mediators of mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre M Bertholet
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Natale
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paola Bisignano
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junji Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andriy Fedorenko
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Garrity
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael Grabe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Yuriy Kirichok
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Thromboinflammatory Processes at the Nexus of Metabolic Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer: The Emerging Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071679. [PMID: 35406450 PMCID: PMC8996963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As overweight and obesity increase among the population worldwide, a parallel increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer was observed. There appears to be a relationship between both diseases where the increase in the mass of fat tissue can lead to inflammation. Such a state of inflammation could produce many factors that increase the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, especially if this inflammation occurred in the fat stores adjacent to the prostate. Another important observation that links obesity, fat tissue inflammation, and prostate cancer is the increased production of blood clotting factors. In this article, we attempt to explain the role of these latter factors in the effect of increased body weight on the progression of prostate cancer and propose new ways of treatment that act by affecting how these clotting factors work. Abstract The increased global prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is mirrored by an increased incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). Ample evidence suggests that these metabolic disorders, being characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion and inflammation, not only present as risk factors for the development of PCa, but also drive its increased aggressiveness, enhanced progression, and metastasis. Despite the emerging molecular mechanisms linking AT dysfunction to the various hallmarks of PCa, thromboinflammatory processes implicated in the crosstalk between these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated. This is of particular importance as both diseases present states of hypercoagulability. Accumulating evidence implicates tissue factor, thrombin, and active factor X as well as other players of the coagulation cascade in the pathophysiological processes driving cancer development and progression. In this regard, it becomes pivotal to elucidate the thromboinflammatory processes occurring in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), a fundamental microenvironmental niche of the prostate. Here, we highlight key findings linking thromboinflammation and the pleiotropic effects of coagulation factors and their inhibitors in metabolic diseases, PCa, and their crosstalk. We also propose several novel therapeutic targets and therapeutic interventions possibly modulating the interaction between these pathological states.
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Cioffi F, Giacco A, Goglia F, Silvestri E. Bioenergetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Actions of Thyroid Hormones. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060997. [PMID: 35326451 PMCID: PMC8947633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known, but there is also much more to discover, about the actions that thyroid hormones (TH) exert on metabolism. Indeed, despite the fact that thyroid hormones are recognized as one of the most important regulators of metabolic rate, much remains to be clarified on which mechanisms control/regulate these actions. Given their actions on energy metabolism and that mitochondria are the main cellular site where metabolic transformations take place, these organelles have been the subject of extensive investigations. In relatively recent times, new knowledge concerning both thyroid hormones (such as the mechanisms of action, the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and the mechanisms of energy transduction such as (among others) dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes and cristes organization, have opened new pathways of investigation in the field of the control of energy metabolism and of the mechanisms of action of TH at cellular level. In this review, we highlight the knowledge and approaches about the complex relationship between TH, including some of their derivatives, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Abstract
Mitochondria of all tissues convert various metabolic substrates into two forms of energy: ATP and heat. Historically, the primary focus of research in mitochondrial bioenergetics was on the mechanisms of ATP production, while mitochondrial thermogenesis received significantly less attention. Nevertheless, mitochondrial heat production is crucial for the maintenance of body temperature, regulation of the pace of metabolism, and prevention of oxidative damage to mitochondria and the cell. In addition, mitochondrial thermogenesis has gained significance as a pharmacological target for treating metabolic disorders. Mitochondria produce heat as the result of H+ leak across their inner membrane. This review provides a critical assessment of the current field of mitochondrial H+ leak and thermogenesis, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the function and regulation of uncoupling protein 1 and the ADP/ATP carrier, the two proteins that mediate mitochondrial H+ leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre M. Bertholet
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, 600 16 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Yuriy Kirichok
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
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44
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Brownstein AJ, Veliova M, Acin-Perez R, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. ATP-consuming futile cycles as energy dissipating mechanisms to counteract obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:121-131. [PMID: 34741717 PMCID: PMC8873062 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from an imbalance in energy homeostasis, whereby excessive energy intake exceeds caloric expenditure. Energy can be dissipated out of an organism by producing heat (thermogenesis), explaining the long-standing interest in exploiting thermogenic processes to counteract obesity. Mitochondrial uncoupling is a process that expends energy by oxidizing nutrients to produce heat, instead of ATP synthesis. Energy can also be dissipated through mechanisms that do not involve mitochondrial uncoupling. Such mechanisms include futile cycles described as metabolic reactions that consume ATP to produce a product from a substrate but then converting the product back into the original substrate, releasing the energy as heat. Energy dissipation driven by cellular ATP demand can be regulated by adjusting the speed and number of futile cycles. Energy consuming futile cycles that are reviewed here are lipolysis/fatty acid re-esterification cycle, creatine/phosphocreatine cycle, and the SERCA-mediated calcium import and export cycle. Their reliance on ATP emphasizes that mitochondrial oxidative function coupled to ATP synthesis, and not just uncoupling, can play a role in thermogenic energy dissipation. Here, we review ATP consuming futile cycles, the evidence for their function in humans, and their potential employment as a strategy to dissipate energy and counteract obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Brownstein
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Antioxidant Role and Cardiolipin Remodeling by Redox-Activated Mitochondrial Ca 2+-Independent Phospholipase A 2γ in the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020198. [PMID: 35204081 PMCID: PMC8868467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2γ (iPLA2γ/PNPLA8) was previously shown to be directly activated by H2O2 and release free fatty acids (FAs) for FA-dependent H+ transport mediated by the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) or uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). The resulting mild mitochondrial uncoupling and consequent partial attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide production lead to an antioxidant effect. However, the antioxidant role of iPLA2γ in the brain is not completely understood. Here, using wild-type and iPLA2γ-KO mice, we demonstrate the ability of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) to activate iPLA2γ in isolated brain mitochondria, with consequent liberation of FAs and lysophospholipids. The liberated FA caused an increase in respiratory rate, which was fully inhibited by carboxyatractyloside (CATR), a specific inhibitor of ANT. Employing detailed lipidomic analysis, we also demonstrate a typical cleavage pattern for TBHP-activated iPLA2γ, reflecting cleavage of glycerophospholipids from both sn-1 and sn-2 positions releasing saturated FAs, monoenoic FAs, and predominant polyunsaturated FAs. The acute antioxidant role of iPLA2γ-released FAs is supported by monitoring both intramitochondrial superoxide and extramitochondrial H2O2 release. We also show that iPLA2γ-KO mice were more sensitive to stimulation by pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide, as reflected by the concomitant increase in protein carbonyls in the brain and pro-inflammatory IL-6 release in the serum. These data support the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of iPLA2γ in vivo. Our data also reveal a substantial decrease of several high molecular weight cardiolipin (CL) species and accumulation of low molecular weight CL species in brain mitochondria of iPLA2γ-KO mice. Collectively, our results support a key role of iPLA2γ in the remodeling of lower molecular weight immature cardiolipins with predominantly saturated acyl chains to high molecular weight mature cardiolipins with highly unsaturated PUFA acyl chains, typical for the brain.
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Role of Distinct Fat Depots in Metabolic Regulation and Pathological Implications. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:135-176. [PMID: 35915363 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes are increasing exponentially around the world. Adipose tissue (AT) distribution and alteration in their biochemical properties play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that AT heterogeneity and depot-specific physiological changes are vital in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues like muscle and liver. Classically, AT depots are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); WAT is the site of fatty acid storage, while BAT is a dedicated organ of metabolic heat production. The discovery of beige adipocyte clusters in WAT depots indicates AT heterogeneity has a more central role than hither to ascribed. Therefore, we have discussed in detail the current state of understanding on cellular and molecular origin of different AT depots and their relevance toward physiological metabolic homeostasis. A major focus is to highlight the correlation between altered WAT distribution in the body and metabolic pathogenesis in animal models and humans. We have also underscored the disparity in the molecular (including signaling) changes in various WAT tissues during diabetic pathogenesis. Exercise-mediated beneficial alteration in WAT physiology/distribution that protects against metabolic disorders is evolving. Here we have discussed the depot-specific biochemical adjustments induced by different forms of exercise. A detailed understanding of the molecular details of inter-organ crosstalk via substrate utilization/storage and signaling through chemokines provide strategies to target selected WAT depots to pharmacologically mimic the benefits of exercise countering metabolic diseases including diabetes.
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47
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Rahbani JF, Chouchani ET, Spiegelman BM, Kazak L. Measurement of Futile Creatine Cycling Using Respirometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2448:141-153. [PMID: 35167096 PMCID: PMC9165624 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermogenic adipose tissue plays a vital function in regulating whole-body energy expenditure and nutrient homeostasis due to its capacity to dissipate chemical energy as heat, in a process called non-shivering thermogenesis. A reduction of creatine levels in adipocytes impairs thermogenic capacity and promotes diet-induced obesityKazak et al, Cell 163, 643-55, 2015; Kazak et al, Cell Metab 26, 660-671.e3, 2017; Kazak et al, Nat Metab 1, 360-370, 2019). Mechanistically, thermogenic respiration can be promoted by the liberation of an excess quantity of ADP that is dependent on addition of creatine. A model of a two-enzyme system, which we term the Futile Creatine Cycle, has been posited to support this thermogenic action of creatine. Futile creatine cycling can be monitored in purified mitochondrial preparations wherein creatine-dependent liberation of ADP is monitored through the measurement of oxygen consumption under ADP-limiting conditions. The current model proposes that, in thermogenic fat cells, mitochondria-targeted creatine kinase B (CKB) uses mitochondrial-derived ATP to phosphorylate creatine (Rahbani JF, Nature 590, 480-485, 2021). The creatine kinase reaction generates phosphocreatine and ADP, and ADP stimulates respiration. Next, a pool of mitochondrial phosphocreatine is directly hydrolyzed by a phosphatase, to regenerate creatine. The liberated creatine can then engage mitochondrial CKB to trigger another round of this cycle to support ADP-dependent respiration. In this model, the coordinated action of creatine phosphorylation and phosphocreatine hydrolysis triggers a futile cycle that produces a molar excess of mitochondrial ADP to promote thermogenic respiration (Rahbani JF, Nature 590, 480-485, 2021; Kazak and Cohen, Nat Rev Endocrinol 16, 421-436, 2020). Here, we provide a detailed method to perform respiratory measurements on isolated mitochondria and calculate the stoichiometry of creatine-dependent ADP liberation. This method provides a direct measure of the futile creatine cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janane F Rahbani
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Tsuda T, Kumazawa S. Propolis: Chemical Constituents, Plant Origin, and Possible Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15484-15494. [PMID: 34910481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Honeybee products are not only beneficial to human health but also important to the food industry. One such product is propolis, a resinous substance that honeybees collect from certain trees and plants and store inside their hives. Although various health benefits of propolis have been reported, the chemical composition of propolis varies greatly depending on the growing region and plant origin. These differences have led to many misconceptions and conflicting research results. In this paper, we review research findings on how the growing region and plant origin of propolis affects its composition. We also discuss trends in research on the antiobesity and antidiabetes effects of propolis as well as recent findings that a major component of Brazilian green propolis modulates adipocyte function. Finally, we discuss challenges to be tackled in future research on the health benefits of propolis and share our perspective on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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49
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Cheng L, Wang J, Dai H, Duan Y, An Y, Shi L, Lv Y, Li H, Wang C, Ma Q, Li Y, Li P, Du H, Zhao B. Brown and beige adipose tissue: a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adipocyte 2021; 10:48-65. [PMID: 33403891 PMCID: PMC7801117 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1870060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into two major types, namely, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). According to classical view, the main function of WAT is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, while BAT is a thermogenic tissue that acts a pivotal part in maintaining the core body temperature. White adipocytes display high plasticity and can transdifferentiate into beige adipocytes which have many similar morphological and functional properties with brown adipocytes under the stimulations of exercise, cold exposure and other factors. This phenomenon is also known as 'browning of WAT'. In addition to transdifferentiation, beige adipocytes can also come from de novo differentiation from tissue-resident progenitors. Activating BAT and inducing browning of WAT can accelerate the intake of glycolipids and reduce the insulin secretion requirement, which may be a new strategy to improve glycolipids metabolism and insulin resistance of obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This review mainly discusses the significance of brown and beige adipose tissues in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, and focuses on the effect of the browning agent on obesity and T2DM, which provides a brand-new theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Haifeng Du
- The Third Municipal Hospital of Chengde, Chengde, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
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The Role of Neuropeptide Y in Adipocyte-Macrophage Crosstalk during High Fat Diet-Induced Adipose Inflammation and Liver Steatosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111739. [PMID: 34829968 PMCID: PMC8615496 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is initiated by adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk. Among the possible molecules regulating this crosstalk, we focused on neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is known to be involved in hypothalamic appetite and adipose tissue inflammation and metabolism. In this study, the NPY−/− mice showed a marked decrease in body weight and adiposity, and lower free fatty acid and adipose inflammation without food intake alteration during a high fat diet (HFD). Moreover, NPY deficiency increased the thermogenic genes expression in brown adipose tissue. Notably, NPY-mRNA expression was upregulated in macrophages from the HFD mice compared to that from the mice on a standard diet. The NPY-mRNA expression also positively correlated with the liver mass/body weight ratio. NPY deletion alleviated HFD-induced adipose inflammation and liver steatosis. Hence, our findings point toward a novel intracellular mechanism of NPY in the regulation of adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk and highlight NPY antagonism as a promising target for therapeutic approaches against obesity and NAFLD.
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