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Fernández Miyakawa ME, Casanova NA, Kogut MH. How did antibiotic growth promoters increase growth and feed efficiency in poultry? Poult Sci 2024; 103:103278. [PMID: 38052127 PMCID: PMC10746532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that reducing the bioenergetic costs of gut inflammation as an explanation for the effect of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on animal efficiency, framing some observations but not explaining the increase in growth rate or the prevention of infectious diseases. The host's ability to adapt to alterations in environmental conditions and to maintain health involves managing all physiological interactions that regulate homeostasis. Thus, metabolic pathways are vital in regulating physiological health as the energetic demands of the host guides most biological functions. Mitochondria are not only the metabolic heart of the cell because of their role in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, but also a central hub of signal transduction pathways that receive messages about the health and nutritional states of cells and tissues. In response, mitochondria direct cellular and tissue physiological alterations throughout the host. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes, emphasizing the idea that these organelles can be affected by some antibiotics. Indeed, therapeutic levels of several antibiotics can be toxic to mitochondria, but subtherapeutic levels may improve mitochondrial function and defense mechanisms by inducing an adaptive response of the cell, resulting in mitokine production which coordinates an array of adaptive responses of the host to the stressor(s). This adaptive stress response is also observed in several bacteria species, suggesting that this protective mechanism has been preserved during evolution. Concordantly, gut microbiome modulation by subinhibitory concentration of AGPs could be the result of direct stimulation rather than inhibition of determined microbial species. In eukaryotes, these adaptive responses of the mitochondria to internal and external environmental conditions, can promote growth rate of the organism as an evolutionary strategy to overcome potential negative conditions. We hypothesize that direct and indirect subtherapeutic AGP regulation of mitochondria functional output can regulate homeostatic control mechanisms in a manner similar to those involved with disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Enrique Fernández Miyakawa
- Institute of Pathobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina..
| | - Natalia Andrea Casanova
- Institute of Pathobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, USA
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2
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Sun C, Liang J, Zheng J, Mao S, Chen S, Aikemu A, Liu C. Brown adipose Vanin-1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101884. [PMID: 38246587 PMCID: PMC10838954 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy-dissipating brown adipocytes have significant potential for improving systemic metabolism. Vanin-1, a membrane-bound pantetheinase, is involved in various biological processes in mice. However, its role in BAT mitochondrial function is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of Vanin-1 on BAT function and contribution during overnutrition-induced obesity. METHODS Vanin-1 expression was analyzed in different adipose depots in mice. The cellular localization of Vanin-1 was analyzed by confocal microscopy and western blots. Mice lacking Vanin-1 (Vanin-1-/-) were continuously fed either a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish an obesity model. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the molecular changes associated with Vanin-1 deficiency during obesity. BAT-specific Vanin-1 overexpression mice were established to determine the effects of Vanin-1 in vivo. Cysteamine treatment was used to examine the effect of enzymatic reaction products of Vanin-1 on BAT mitochondria function in Vanin-1-/- mice. RESULTS The results indicate that the expression of Vanin-1 is reduced in BAT from both diet-induced and leptin-deficient obese mice. Study on the subcellular location of Vanin-1 shows that it has a mitochondrial localization. Vanin-1 deficiency results in increased adiposity, BAT dysfunction, aberrant mitochondrial structure, and promotes HFD induced-BAT whitening. This is attributed to the impairment of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria due to Vanin-1 deficiency, resulting in reduced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of Vanin-1 significantly enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in BAT, renders mice resistant to diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, treatment with cysteamine rescue the mitochondrial dysfunction in Vanin-1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest that Vanin-1 plays a crucial role in promoting mitochondrial respiration to counteract diet-induced obesity, making it a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ainiwaer Aikemu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Modernization Research, Development and Application of Hotan Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan 848099, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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3
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Yin L, Qi S, Zhu Z. Advances in mitochondria-centered mechanism behind the roles of androgens and androgen receptor in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1267170. [PMID: 37900128 PMCID: PMC10613047 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1267170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported that androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play important roles in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and the development of obesity-related diseases have been found in either hypogonadal men or male rodents with androgen deficiency. Exogenous androgens supplementation can effectively improve these disorders, but the mechanism by which androgens regulate glucose and lipid metabolism has not been fully elucidated. Mitochondria, as powerhouses within cells, are key organelles influencing glucose and lipid metabolism. Evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical studies has reported that the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by androgens/AR is strongly associated with the impact on the content and function of mitochondria, but few studies have systematically reported the regulatory effect and the molecular mechanism. In this paper, we review the effect of androgens/AR on mitochondrial content, morphology, quality control system, and function, with emphases on molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the sex-dimorphic effect of androgens on mitochondria. This paper provides a theoretical basis for shedding light on the influence and mechanism of androgens on glucose and lipid metabolism and highlights the mitochondria-based explanation for the sex-dimorphic effect of androgens on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Qi
- School of Sport Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Chang YC, Lee HL, Yang W, Hsieh ML, Liu CC, Lee TY, Huang JY, Nong JY, Li FA, Chuang HL, Ding ZZ, Su WL, Chueh LY, Tsai YT, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Chuang LM. A common East-Asian ALDH2 mutation causes metabolic disorders and the therapeutic effect of ALDH2 activators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5971. [PMID: 37749090 PMCID: PMC10520061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached pandemic proportion. ALDH2 (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial) is the key metabolizing enzyme of acetaldehyde and other toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal. A missense Glu504Lys mutation of the ALDH2 gene is prevalent in 560 million East Asians, resulting in reduced ALDH2 enzymatic activity. We find that male Aldh2 knock-in mice mimicking human Glu504Lys mutation were prone to develop diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and fatty liver due to reduced adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. We find reduced activity of ALDH2 of the brown adipose tissue from the male Aldh2 homozygous knock-in mice. Proteomic analyses of the brown adipose tissue from the male Aldh2 knock-in mice identifies increased 4-hydroxynonenal-adducted proteins involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and electron transport chain, leading to markedly decreased fatty acid oxidation rate and mitochondrial respiration of brown adipose tissue, which is essential for adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. AD-9308 is a water-soluble, potent, and highly selective ALDH2 activator. AD-9308 treatment ameliorates diet-induced obesity and fatty liver, and improves glucose homeostasis in both male Aldh2 wild-type and knock-in mice. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of reducing toxic aldehyde levels by activating ALDH2 for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals, Co.Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lun Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Cin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yong Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yi Nong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Zhi-Zhong Ding
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Chueh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Liu J, Lu W, Yan D, Guo J, Zhou L, Shi B, Su X. Mitochondrial respiratory complex I deficiency inhibits brown adipogenesis by limiting heme regulation of histone demethylation. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:22-32. [PMID: 37451354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions play a crucial role in determining the metabolic and thermogenic status of brown adipocytes. Increasing evidence reveals that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system plays an important role in brown adipogenesis, but the mechanistic insights are limited. Herein, we explored the potential metabolic mechanisms leading to OXPHOS regulation of brown adipogenesis in pharmacological and genetic models of mitochondrial respiratory complex I deficiency. OXPHOS deficiency inhibits brown adipogenesis through disruption of the brown adipogenic transcription circuit without affecting ATP levels. Neither blockage of calcium signaling nor antioxidant treatment can rescue the suppressed brown adipogenesis. Metabolomics analysis revealed a decrease in levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and heme. Heme supplementation specifically enhances respiratory complex I activity without affecting complex II and partially reverses the inhibited brown adipogenesis by OXPHOS deficiency. Moreover, the regulation of brown adipogenesis by the OXPHOS-heme axis may be due to the suppressed histone methylation status by increasing histone demethylation. In summary, our findings identified a heme-sensing retrograde signaling pathway that connects mitochondrial OXPHOS to the regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation and metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dongyue Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junyuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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6
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Sun X, Liu S, Cai J, Yang M, Li C, Tan M, He B. Mitochondrial Methionyl-tRNA Formyltransferase Deficiency Alleviates Metaflammation by Modulating Mitochondrial Activity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065999. [PMID: 36983072 PMCID: PMC10051599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have revealed the association of metabolic diseases with inflammation. Mitochondria are key organelles involved in metabolic regulation and important drivers of inflammation. However, it is uncertain whether the inhibition of mitochondrial protein translation results in the development of metabolic diseases, such that the metabolic benefits related to the inhibition of mitochondrial activity remain unclear. Mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (Mtfmt) functions in the early stages of mitochondrial translation. In this study, we reveal that feeding with a high-fat diet led to the upregulation of Mtfmt in the livers of mice and that a negative correlation existed between hepatic Mtfmt gene expression and fasting blood glucose levels. A knockout mouse model of Mtfmt was generated to explore its possible role in metabolic diseases and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Homozygous knockout mice experienced embryonic lethality, but heterozygous knockout mice showed a global reduction in Mtfmt expression and activity. Moreover, heterozygous mice showed increased glucose tolerance and reduced inflammation, which effects were induced by the high-fat diet. The cellular assays showed that Mtfmt deficiency reduced mitochondrial activity and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and blunted nuclear factor-κB activation, which, in turn, downregulated inflammation in macrophages. The results of this study indicate that targeting Mtfmt-mediated mitochondrial protein translation to regulate inflammation might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Suyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiangxue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Miaoxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meiling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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7
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Hu F, Li C, Ye Y, Lu X, Alimujiang M, Bai N, Sun J, Ma X, Li X, Yang Y. PARP12 is required for mitochondrial function maintenance in thermogenic adipocytes. Adipocyte 2022; 11:379-388. [PMID: 35916471 PMCID: PMC9351573 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP12 is a member of poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARPs), which has been characterized for its antiviral function. Yet its physiological implication in adipocytes remains unknown. Here, we report a central function of PARP12 in thermogenic adipocytes. We show that PARP12 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue and is mainly localized to the mitochondria. Knockdown of PARP12 in vitro reduced UCP1 expression. In parallel, the deficiency of PARP12 reduced mitochondrial respiration in adipocytes, while overexpression of PARP12 reversed these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafen Ye
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Xuhong Lu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Miriayi Alimujiang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Ningning Bai
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
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8
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Yuan Q, Zeng ZL, Yang S, Li A, Zu X, Liu J. Mitochondrial Stress in Metabolic Inflammation: Modest Benefits and Full Losses. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8803404. [PMID: 36457729 PMCID: PMC9708372 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8803404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Energy intake and metabolic balance are the pillars of health preservation. Overnutrition causes nonspecific, persistently low inflammatory state known as metabolic inflammation. This condition contributes to the pathophysiology of various metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The mitochondria maintain the balance of energy metabolism. Excessive energy stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which promotes metabolic inflammation. The inflammatory environment further impairs mitochondrial function. Accordingly, excellent organism design keeps the body metabolically healthy in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction, and moderate mitochondrial stress can have a beneficial effect. This review summarises the research progress on the multifaceted characterisation of mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Z. L. Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Diabetes Clinical Medical Research Center of Hunan Province, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Yang Y, Zhong W, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Lai H, Yu H, Feng N, Han Y, Huang R, Zhai Q. Sustained Inflammation Induced by LPS Leads to Tolerable Anorexia and Fat Loss via Tlr4 in Mice. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5635-5648. [PMID: 36211223 PMCID: PMC9534160 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s358518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sustained inflammation is implicated in a variety of pathological conditions like infection, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Lipid metabolism is crucial to support immune response during infection of bacteria. However, how sustained inflammation affects lipid metabolism, especially in white adipose tissue remains largely unknown. Methods Sustained inflammation was induced by daily injection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tlr4 knockout mice were used to study the mechanism. Inflammation and lipid metabolism were evaluated by quantitative PCR, white blood cell counting, nuclear magnetic resonance, fat cell size quantification, lipolysis and fatty acid uptake assays, respiratory exchange ratio, and energy expenditure. Results Here, we found that sustained inflammation leads to fat loss in mice with a quick loss and gradual increase manner. Moreover, LPS injection leads to inflammation, anorexia, decreased lipid anabolism, and increased lipid catabolism. Mechanically, we show that LPS induces fat loss, inflammation, anorexia, and alteration of lipid metabolism mainly dependent on Tlr4. Interestingly, sustained inflammation induces less fat loss, especially in epididymal white adipose tissue, than pair-feeding, and pair-feeding has no significant effect on inflammation and leads to less fatty acid uptake, more lipid catabolism and energy expenditure than LPS injection. In addition, we demonstrate that short-term sustained inflammation leads to relative long-term tolerance for LPS-induced anorexia, inflammation and altered lipid metabolism. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that sustained inflammation induced by LPS leads to tolerable anorexia and fat loss via Tlr4 in mice, and provide new insights into the effect of sustained inflammation on lipid metabolism and subsequent tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuling Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hejin Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumo Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qiwei Zhai, Shanghai, 200031, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 5492 0903, Fax +86 21 5492 0291, Email
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10
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Huang Y, Zhou JH, Zhang H, Canfran-Duque A, Singh AK, Perry RJ, Shulman GI, Fernandez-Hernando C, Min W. Brown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:148852. [PMID: 35202005 PMCID: PMC9057632 DOI: 10.1172/jci148852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a crucial heat-generating organ, regulates whole-body energy metabolism by mediating thermogenesis. BAT inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired thermogenesis. However, the link between BAT inflammation and systematic metabolism remains unclear. Herein, we use mice with BAT deficiency of thioredoxin-2 (TRX2), a protein that scavenges mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), to evaluate the impact of BAT inflammation on metabolism and thermogenesis and its underlying mechanism. Our results show that BAT-specific TRX2 ablation improves systematic metabolic performance via enhancing lipid uptake, which protects mice from diet-induced obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. TRX2 deficiency impairs adaptive thermogenesis by suppressing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, loss of TRX2 induces excessive mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial integrity disruption, and cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA, which in turn activate aberrant innate immune responses in BAT, including the cGAS/STING and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. We identify NLRP3 as a key converging point, as its inhibition reverses both the thermogenesis defect and the metabolic benefits seen under nutrient overload in BAT-specific Trx2-deficient mice. In conclusion, we identify TRX2 as a critical hub integrating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in BAT, uncovering an adaptive mechanism underlying the link between BAT inflammation and systematic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Huang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Jenny H Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Alberto Canfran-Duque
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology.,Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Wang Min
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
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11
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Zhang K, Yao E, Chen B, Chuang E, Wong J, Seed RI, Nishimura SL, Wolters PJ, Chuang PT. Acquisition of cellular properties during alveolar formation requires differential activity and distribution of mitochondria. eLife 2022; 11:e68598. [PMID: 35384838 PMCID: PMC9183236 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar formation requires coordinated movement and interaction between alveolar epithelial cells, mesenchymal myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells/pericytes to produce secondary septa. These processes rely on the acquisition of distinct cellular properties to enable ligand secretion for cell-cell signaling and initiate morphogenesis through cellular contraction, cell migration, and cell shape change. In this study, we showed that mitochondrial activity and distribution play a key role in bestowing cellular functions on both alveolar epithelial cells and mesenchymal myofibroblasts for generating secondary septa to form alveoli in mice. These results suggest that mitochondrial function is tightly regulated to empower cellular machineries in a spatially specific manner. Indeed, such regulation via mitochondria is required for secretion of ligands, such as platelet-derived growth factor, from alveolar epithelial cells to influence myofibroblast proliferation and contraction/migration. Moreover, mitochondrial function enables myofibroblast contraction/migration during alveolar formation. Together, these findings yield novel mechanistic insights into how mitochondria regulate pivotal steps of alveologenesis. They highlight selective utilization of energy in cells and diverse energy demands in different cellular processes during development. Our work serves as a paradigm for studying how mitochondria control tissue patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Biao Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ethan Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Julia Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert I Seed
- Department of Pathology, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
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12
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Nederveen JP, Manta K, Bujak AL, Simone AC, Fuda MR, Nilsson MI, Hettinga BP, Hughes MC, Perry CGR, Tarnopolsky MA. A Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Activates a Browning Program in White Adipose Tissue and Mitigates Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3726. [PMID: 34835983 PMCID: PMC8623014 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a novel multi-ingredient supplement comprised of polyphenol antioxidants and compounds known to facilitate mitochondrial function and metabolic enhancement (ME) in a mouse model of obesity. In this study, 6-week-old male C57/BL6J mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD; ~60% fat) for 6 weeks, with subsequent allocation into experimentalgroups for 4 weeks: HFD control, HFD + ME10 (10 components), HFD + ME7 (7 components), HFD + ME10 + EX, HFD + EX (where '+EX' animals exercised 3 days/week), and chow-fed control. After the intervention, HFD control animals had significantly greater body weight and fat mass. Despite the continuation of HFD, animals supplemented with multi-ingredient ME or who performed exercise training showed an attenuation of fat mass and preservation of lean body mass, which was further enhanced when combined (ME+EX). ME supplementation stimulated the upregulation of white and brown adipose tissue mRNA transcripts associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, browning, fatty acid transport, and fat metabolism. In WAT depots, this was mirrored by mitochodrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein expression, and increased in vivo fat oxidation measured via CLAMS. ME supplementation also decreased systemic and local inflammation markers. Herein, we demonstrated that novel multi-ingredient nutritional supplements induced significant fat loss independent of physical activity while preserving muscle mass in obese mice. Mechanistically, these MEs appear to act by inducing a browning program in white adipose tissue and decreasing other pathophysiological impairments associated with obesity, including mitochondrial respiration alterations induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Katherine Manta
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Adam L. Bujak
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Alexander C. Simone
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Matthew R. Fuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Mats I. Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Bart P. Hettinga
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Meghan C. Hughes
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.C.H.); (C.G.R.P.)
| | - Christopher G. R. Perry
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.C.H.); (C.G.R.P.)
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
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13
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Paulo E, Zhang Y, Masand R, Huynh TL, Seo Y, Swaney DL, Soucheray M, Stevenson E, Jimenez-Morales D, Krogan NJ, Wang B. Brown adipocyte ATF4 activation improves thermoregulation and systemic metabolism. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109742. [PMID: 34551310 PMCID: PMC9202523 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced thermogenesis in endotherms demands adaptive thermogenesis fueled by mitochondrial respiration and Ucp1-mediated uncoupling in multilocular brown adipocytes (BAs). However, dietary regulation of thermogenesis in BAs isn't fully understood. Here, we describe that the deficiency of Leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing-protein (Lrpprc) in BAs reduces mtDNA-encoded ETC gene expression, causes ETC proteome imbalance, and abolishes the mitochondria-fueled thermogenesis. BA-specific Lrpprc knockout mice are cold resistant in a 4°C cold-tolerance test in the presence of food, which is accompanied by the activation of transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and proteome turnover in BAs. ATF4 activation genetically by BA-specific ATF4 overexpression or physiologically by a low-protein diet feeding can improve cold tolerance in wild-type and Ucp1 knockout mice. Furthermore, ATF4 activation in BAs improves systemic metabolism in obesogenic environment regardless of Ucp1's action. Therefore, our study reveals a diet-dependent but Ucp1-independent thermogenic mechanism in BAs that is relevant to systemic thermoregulation and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Paulo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruchi Masand
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Biao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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14
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Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Lelliot CJ, Campbell M, Peddinti G, Martinez-Uña M, Ingvorsen C, Dias AR, Relat J, Mora S, Hyötyläinen T, Zorzano A, Orešič M, Bjursell M, Bohlooly-Y M, Lindén D, Vidal-Puig A. Allostatic hypermetabolic response in PGC1α/β heterozygote mouse despite mitochondrial defects. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21752. [PMID: 34369602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100262rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging, obesity, and insulin resistance are associated with low levels of PGC1α and PGC1β coactivators and defective mitochondrial function. We studied mice deficient for PGC1α and PGC1β [double heterozygous (DH)] to investigate their combined pathogenic contribution. Contrary to our hypothesis, DH mice were leaner, had increased energy dissipation, a pro-thermogenic profile in BAT and WAT, and improved carbohydrate metabolism compared to wild types. WAT showed upregulation of mitochondriogenesis/oxphos machinery upon allelic compensation of PGC1α4 from the remaining allele. However, DH mice had decreased mitochondrial OXPHOS and biogenesis transcriptomes in mitochondria-rich organs. Despite being metabolically healthy, mitochondrial defects in DH mice impaired muscle fiber remodeling and caused qualitative changes in the hepatic lipidome. Our data evidence first the existence of organ-specific compensatory allostatic mechanisms are robust enough to drive an unexpected phenotype. Second, optimization of adipose tissue bioenergetics is sufficient to maintain a healthy metabolic phenotype despite a broad severe mitochondrial dysfunction in other relevant metabolic organs. Third, the decrease in PGC1s in adipose tissue of obese and diabetic patients is in contrast with the robustness of the compensatory upregulation in the adipose of the DH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Campbell
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gopal Peddinti
- VTT, Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Maite Martinez-Uña
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Rita Dias
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona (UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Mora
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Bjursell
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Lindén
- Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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15
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Abstract
Cells use mitophagy to remove dysfunctional or excess mitochondria, frequently in response to imposed stresses, such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Mitochondrial cargo receptors (MCR) induced by these stresses target mitochondria to autophagosomes through interaction with members of the LC3/GABARAP family. There are a growing number of these MCRs, including BNIP3, BNIP3L, FUNDC1, Bcl2-L-13, FKBP8, Prohibitin-2, and others, in addition to mitochondrial protein targets of PINK1/Parkin phospho-ubiquitination. There is also an emerging link between mitochondrial lipid signaling and mitophagy where ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cardiolipin have all been shown to promote mitophagy. Here, we review the upstream signaling mechanisms that regulate mitophagy, including components of the mitochondrial fission machinery, AMPK, ATF4, FoxOs, Sirtuins, and mtDNA release, and address the significance of these pathways for stress responses in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In particular, we focus on how mitophagy modulators intersect with cell cycle control and survival pathways in cancer, including following ECM detachment and during cell migration and metastasis. Finally, we interrogate how mitophagy affects tissue atrophy during cancer cachexia and therapy responses in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan P Poole
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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16
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TDP-43 aggregation induced by oxidative stress causes global mitochondrial imbalance in ALS. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:132-142. [PMID: 33398173 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-00537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was initially thought to be associated with oxidative stress when it was first linked to mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). The subsequent discovery of ALS-linked genes functioning in RNA processing and proteostasis raised the question of how different biological pathways converge to cause the disease. Both familial and sporadic ALS are characterized by the aggregation of the essential DNA- and RNA-binding protein TDP-43, suggesting a central role in ALS etiology. Here we report that TDP-43 aggregation in neuronal cells of mouse and human origin causes sensitivity to oxidative stress. Aggregated TDP-43 sequesters specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, leading to increased levels of some proteins while functionally depleting others. Many of those functionally perturbed gene products are nuclear-genome-encoded mitochondrial proteins, and their dysregulation causes a global mitochondrial imbalance that augments oxidative stress. We propose that this stress-aggregation cycle may underlie ALS onset and progression.
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17
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Yin L, Luo M, Wang R, Ye J, Wang X. Mitochondria in Sex Hormone-Induced Disorder of Energy Metabolism in Males and Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749451. [PMID: 34987473 PMCID: PMC8721233 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens have a complex role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In male subjects, a reduction in androgens increases the risk for insulin resistance, which is improved by androgen injections. However, in female subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), androgen excess becomes a risk factor for insulin resistance. The exact mechanism underlying the complex activities of androgens remains unknown. In this review, a hormone synergy-based view is proposed for understanding this complexity. Mitochondrial overactivation by substrate influx is a mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity. This concept may apply to the androgen-induced insulin resistance in PCOS. Androgens and estrogens both exhibit activities in the induction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The two hormones may synergize in mitochondria to induce overproduction of ATP. ATP surplus in the pancreatic β-cells and α-cells causes excess secretion of insulin and glucagon, respectively, leading to peripheral insulin resistance in the early phase of type 2 diabetes. In the skeletal muscle and liver, the ATP surplus contributes to insulin resistance through suppression of AMPK and activation of mTOR. Consistent ATP surplus leads to mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of mitophagy inhibition, which provides a potential mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cells and brown adipocytes in PCOS. The hormone synergy-based view provides a basis for the overactivation and dysfunction of mitochondria in PCOS-associated type 2 diabetes. The molecular mechanism for the synergy is discussed in this review with a focus on transcriptional regulation. This view suggests a unifying mechanism for the distinct metabolic roles of androgens in the control of insulin action in men with hypogonadism and women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Luo
- Metabolism Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolism Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Advanced Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Ye, ; Xiaohui Wang,
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Ye, ; Xiaohui Wang,
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18
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Colaço HG, Barros A, Neves-Costa A, Seixas E, Pedroso D, Velho T, Willmann KL, Faisca P, Grabmann G, Yi HS, Shong M, Benes V, Weis S, Köcher T, Moita LF. Tetracycline Antibiotics Induce Host-Dependent Disease Tolerance to Infection. Immunity 2020; 54:53-67.e7. [PMID: 33058782 PMCID: PMC7840524 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several classes of antibiotics have long been known to have beneficial effects that cannot be explained strictly on the basis of their capacity to control the infectious agent. Here, we report that tetracycline antibiotics, which target the mitoribosome, protected against sepsis without affecting the pathogen load. Mechanistically, we found that mitochondrial inhibition of protein synthesis perturbed the electron transport chain (ETC) decreasing tissue damage in the lung and increasing fatty acid oxidation and glucocorticoid sensitivity in the liver. Using a liver-specific partial and acute deletion of Crif1, a critical mitoribosomal component for protein synthesis, we found that mice were protected against sepsis, an observation that was phenocopied by the transient inhibition of complex I of the ETC by phenformin. Together, we demonstrate that mitoribosome-targeting antibiotics are beneficial beyond their antibacterial activity and that mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition leading to ETC perturbation is a mechanism for the induction of disease tolerance. Doxycycline protects from sepsis beyond its direct antibacterial activity Doxycycline protection from infection is microbiome-independent Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis induces disease tolerance Mild and transient perturbations of the mitochondrial ETC induce disease tolerance
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique G Colaço
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - André Barros
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Neves-Costa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elsa Seixas
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dora Pedroso
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Velho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Katharina L Willmann
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faisca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Vladimir Benes
- EMBL Genomics Core Facilities, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luís F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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19
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Silvestri E, Senese R, De Matteis R, Cioffi F, Moreno M, Lanni A, Gentile A, Busiello RA, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, de Lange P, Goglia F, Lombardi A. Absence of uncoupling protein 3 at thermoneutrality influences brown adipose tissue mitochondrial functionality in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:15146-15163. [PMID: 32946628 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000995r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological role played by uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has not been fully elucidated so far. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the absence of UCP3 on BAT mitochondrial functionality and morphology. To this purpose, wild type (WT) and UCP3 Knockout (KO) female mice were housed at thermoneutrality (30°C), a condition in which BAT contributes to energy homeostasis independently of its cold-induced thermogenic function. BAT mitochondria from UCP3 KO mice presented a lower ability to oxidize the fatty acids and glycerol-3-phosphate, and an enhanced oxidative stress as revealed by enhanced mitochondrial electron leak, lipid hydroperoxide levels, and induction of antioxidant mitochondrial enzymatic capacity. The absence of UCP3 also influenced the mitochondrial super-molecular protein aggregation, an important feature for fatty acid oxidation rate as well as for adequate cristae organization and mitochondrial shape. Indeed, electron microscopy revealed alterations in mitochondrial morphology in brown adipocytes from KO mice. In the whole, data here reported show that the absence of UCP3 results in a significant alteration of BAT mitochondrial physiology and morphology. These observations could also help to clarify some aspects of the association between metabolic disorders associated with low UCP3 levels, as previously reported in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Silvestri
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hu F, Guo Q, Wei M, Huang Z, Shi L, Sheng Y, Ji L. Chlorogenic acid alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice via regulating Nrf2-mediated HSP60-initiated liver inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173286. [PMID: 32603696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure is a serious clinic issue. Our previous study showed that chlorogenic acid (CGA) alleviated APAP-induced liver inflammatory injury, but its concrete mechanism is still not clear. This study aims to elucidate the engaged mechanism involved in the CGA-provided alleviation on APAP-induced liver inflammation. CGA reduced the increased hepatic infiltration of immune cells and the elevated serum contents of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in mice treated with APAP. CGA decreased the enhanced hepatic mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory molecules in mice treated with APAP and in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with HMGB1 or HSP60. CGA attenuated liver mitochondrial injury, rescued the decreased lon protease homolog (Lon) protein expression, and reduced mitochondrial HSP60 release in mice treated with APAP. Moreover, the CGA-provided alleviation on APAP-induced liver inflammatory injury was diminished in mice treated with anti-HSP60 antibody. Further results showed that the CGA-provided alleviation on APAP-induced liver inflammation was also diminished in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) knock-out mice. Meanwhile, the CGA-provided reduce on serum HSP60 content and restore of mitochondrial Lon protein expression were all diminished in Nrf2 knock-out mice treated with APAP. In conclusion, our study revealed that CGA alleviated APAP-induced liver inflammatory injury initiated by HSP60 or HMGB1, and Nrf2 was critical for regulating the mitochondrial HSP60 release via rescuing the reduced mitochondrial Lon protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Hu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources, Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qian Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources, Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources, Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources, Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liang Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources, Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources, Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Cruz JV, Maba IK, Correia D, Kaziuk FD, Cadena SMSC, Zampronio AR. Intermittent binge-like ethanol exposure during adolescence attenuates the febrile response by reducing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107904. [PMID: 32078977 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) consumption is a primary health risk worldwide, which generally starts during adolescence in a binge pattern (i.e., the episodic consumption of high amounts). Binge EtOH consumption can lead to modifications of the innate and adaptive immune responses, including fever. The present study evaluated the febrile response that was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and the mechanisms of thermoregulation in adolescent rats that were exposed to EtOH in a binge-like pattern. Male Wistar rats were treated with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of EtOH or saline on postnatal days (PND) 25, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37, and 38. On PND 51, they received a pyrogenic challenge with LPS (i.p.) or PGE2 (intracerebroventricular) to induce a febrile response. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and uncoupling protein (UCP) activity in isolated mitochondria were evaluated on PND 51. The rats were then subjected to cold challenges to analyze adaptive thermogenesis. Intermittent EtOH exposure during adolescence impaired the LPS- and PGE2-induced febrile response 12 days after the end of EtOH exposure. Ethanol exposure decreased interscapular BAT mass, oxygen consumption, and UCP activity in isolated mitochondria, resulting in an impairment in thermogenesis at 5 °C. No morphological changes in BAT were observed. These findings indicate that binge-like EtOH exposure during adolescence impairs thermoregulation by reducing BAT mass and function. This reduction may last for a prolonged period of time after the cessation of EtOH exposure and may affect both cold defenses and the febrile response during the development of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - I K Maba
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - D Correia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - F D Kaziuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - S M S C Cadena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A R Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Abstract
The process of mitophagy, in which mitochondria are selectively turned over at the autophagolysosome, plays a central role in both eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria and reducing mitochondrial mass as an adaptive response to key physiological stresses, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and DNA damage. Defects in mitophagy have been linked to altered mitochondrial metabolism, production of excess reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis, heightened inflammasome activation, altered cell fate decisions, and senescence, among other cellular consequences. Consequently, functional mitophagy contributes to proper tissue differentiation and repair and metabolic homeostasis, limiting inflammatory responses and modulating tumor progression and metastasis. This review examines the major pathways that control mitophagy, including PINK1-dependent mitophagy and BNIP3/NIX-dependent mitophagy. It also discusses the cellular signaling mechanisms used to sense mitochondrial dysfunction to activate mitophagy and how defective mitophagy results in deregulated tumor cell growth and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay F. Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Towards a Better Understanding of Beige Adipocyte Plasticity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121552. [PMID: 31805721 PMCID: PMC6953037 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are defined as Ucp1+, multilocular adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) that are capable of thermogenesis, the process of heat generation. In both mouse models and humans, the increase of beige adipocyte population, also called WAT browning, is associated with certain metabolic benefits, such as reduced obesity and increased insulin sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding WAT browning, with a special focus on the beige adipocyte plasticity, collectively referring to a bidirectional transition between thermogenic active and latent states in response to environmental changes. We further exploit the utility of a unique beige adipocyte ablation system to interrogate anti-obesity effect of beige adipocytes in vivo.
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Abstract
Individual cell types vary enormously in the amount of different organelles they contain. One such organelle is the mitochondrion. Understanding how mitochondrial levels are controlled is essential since so many disease states seem to involve mitochondrial function. The beige adipocyte is an inducible form of adipocyte that emerges in response to cold exposure and some other external stimuli. To perform its thermogenic function, its level of mitochondria increases dramatically. If the stimuli are removed the mitochondrial levels return to base line. Following the withdrawal of external stimuli, beige adipocytes directly acquire a white fat-like phenotype through mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial degradation. The beige cell is therefore a dynamic model for studying the mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Lu
- Medical Diagnostic Research Center, Jilin Province People’s Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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26
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Moutaoufik MT, Malty R, Amin S, Zhang Q, Phanse S, Gagarinova A, Zilocchi M, Hoell L, Minic Z, Gagarinova M, Aoki H, Stockwell J, Jessulat M, Goebels F, Broderick K, Scott NE, Vlasblom J, Musso G, Prasad B, Lamantea E, Garavaglia B, Rajput A, Murayama K, Okazaki Y, Foster LJ, Bader GD, Cayabyab FS, Babu M. Rewiring of the Human Mitochondrial Interactome during Neuronal Reprogramming Reveals Regulators of the Respirasome and Neurogenesis. iScience 2019; 19:1114-1132. [PMID: 31536960 PMCID: PMC6831851 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein (MP) assemblies undergo alterations during neurogenesis, a complex process vital in brain homeostasis and disease. Yet which MP assemblies remodel during differentiation remains unclear. Here, using mass spectrometry-based co-fractionation profiles and phosphoproteomics, we generated mitochondrial interaction maps of human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma stem cells and differentiated neuronal-like cells, which presented as two discrete cell populations by single-cell RNA sequencing. The resulting networks, encompassing 6,442 high-quality associations among 600 MPs, revealed widespread changes in mitochondrial interactions and site-specific phosphorylation during neuronal differentiation. By leveraging the networks, we show the orphan C20orf24 as a respirasome assembly factor whose disruption markedly reduces respiratory chain activity in patients deficient in complex IV. We also find that a heme-containing neurotrophic factor, neuron-derived neurotrophic factor [NENF], couples with Parkinson disease-related proteins to promote neurotrophic activity. Our results provide insights into the dynamic reorganization of mitochondrial networks during neuronal differentiation and highlights mechanisms for MPs in respirasome, neuronal function, and mitochondrial diseases. Rewiring of mitochondrial (mt) protein interaction network in distinct cell states Dramatic changes in site-specific phosphorylation during neuronal differentiation C20orf24 is a respirasome assembly factor depleted in patients deficient in CIV NENF binding with DJ-1/PINK1 promotes neurotrophic activity and neuronal survival
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramy Malty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shahreen Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Alla Gagarinova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mara Zilocchi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Larissa Hoell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Zoran Minic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Maria Gagarinova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Stockwell
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Matthew Jessulat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Florian Goebels
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kirsten Broderick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - James Vlasblom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Gabriel Musso
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bhanu Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region, Regina, SK S4P 0W5, Canada
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via L. Temolo, 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via L. Temolo, 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Rajput
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
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What if? Mouse proteomics after gene inactivation. J Proteomics 2019; 199:102-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yin N, Zhang H, Ye R, Dong M, Lin J, Zhou H, Huang Y, Chen L, Jiang X, Nagaoka K, Zhang C, Jin W. Fluvastatin Sodium Ameliorates Obesity through Brown Fat Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071622. [PMID: 30939798 PMCID: PMC6479292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an organ that burns energy through uncoupling thermogenesis, is a promising therapeutic target for obesity. However, there are still no safe anti-obesity drugs that target BAT in the market. In the current study, we performed large scale screening of 636 compounds which were approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to find drugs that could significantly increase uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Among those UCP1 activators, most of them were antibiotics or carcinogenic compounds. We paid particular attention to fluvastatin sodium (FS), because as an inhibitor of the cellular hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, FS has already been approved for treatment of hypercholesteremia. We found that in the cellular levels, FS treatment significantly increased UCP1 expression and BAT activity in human brown adipocytes. Consistently, the expression of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes was significantly increased upon FS treatment without differences in adipogenic gene expression. Furthermore, FS treatment resisted to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced body weight gain by activating BAT in the mice model. In addition, administration of FS significantly increased energy expenditure, improved glucose homeostasis and ameliorated hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, we reveal that FS induced browning in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) known to have a beneficial effect on energy metabolism. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that as an effective BAT activator, FS may have great potential for treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huiqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 Knock-out Promotes Mitophagy to Decrease Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3582-3596. [PMID: 30814312 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2702-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and an increase in oxidative damage, leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The oxidative status of RGCs is regulated intrinsically and also extrinsically by retinal glia. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) relieves oxidative and neuronal damage in a variety of neurodegenerative disease models. We hypothesized that deletion of Ucp2 in either RGCs or retinal glia would increase retinal damage and RGC death in a mouse model of glaucoma. Paradoxically, we found the reverse, and deletion of mitochondrial Ucp2 decreased oxidative protein modification and reduced RGC death in male and female mice. This paradox was resolved after finding that Ucp2 deletion also increased levels of mitophagy in cell culture and retinal tissue. Our data suggest that Ucp2 deletion facilitates increased mitochondrial function by improving quality control. An increase in mitochondrial function explains the resistance of Ucp2-deleted retinas to glaucoma and may provide a therapeutic avenue for other chronic neurodegenerative conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many unsolved neurodegenerative conditions result from defects in mitochondrial function. Molecular tools that can manipulate mitochondria will therefore be central to developing neuroprotective therapies. Among the most potent regulators of mitochondrial function are the uncoupling proteins, particularly UCP2. In this manuscript, we show that, while loss of Ucp2 does increase mitochondrial membrane potential and the production of reactive oxygen species, it also initiates an increase in mitophagy that is ultimately neuroprotective. This novel protective consequence of uncoupling protein inhibition may lead to new therapeutic approaches to combat neurodegenerative disease, particularly because pharmacological compounds do exist that can selectively inhibit UCP2.
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Paulo E, Wu D, Hecker P, Zhang Y, Wang B. Adipocyte HDAC4 activation leads to beige adipocyte expansion and reduced adiposity. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:153-165. [PMID: 30121575 PMCID: PMC6379159 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that beige adipocyte abundance is correlated with improved metabolic performance, but direct evidence showing that beige adipocyte expansion protects animals from the development of obesity is missing. Previously, we have described that the liver kinase b1 (LKB1) regulates beige adipocyte renaissance in subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) through a class IIa histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4)-dependent mechanism. This study investigates the physiological impact of persistent beige adipocyte renaissance in energy homeostasis in mice. Here we present that the transgenic mice H4-TG, overexpressing constitutively active HDAC4 in adipocytes, showed beige adipocyte expansion in iWAT at room temperature. H4-TG mice exhibited increased energy expenditure due to beige adipocyte expansion. They also exhibited reduced adiposity under both normal chow and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding conditions. Specific ablation of beige adipocytes reversed the protection against HFD-induced obesity in H4-TG mice. Taken together, our results directly demonstrate that beige adipocyte expansion regulates adiposity in mice and targeting beige adipocyte renaissance may present a novel strategy to tackle obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Biao Wang
- Corresponding Author, Biao Wang Ph.D., 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, Room 252Y, San Francisco, CA 94158, Phone: 415-502-2023,
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