1
|
Qi G, Tang H, Hu J, Kang S, Qin S. Potential role of tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1599-1612. [PMID: 38934388 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tanycytes, specialized ependymal cells located in the hypothalamus, play a crucial role in the generation of new neurons that contribute to the neural circuits responsible for regulating the systemic energy balance. The precise coordination of the gene networks controlling neurogenesis in naive and mature tanycytes is essential for maintaining homeostasis in adulthood. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that govern the proliferation and differentiation of tanycytes into neurons remains limited. This article aims to review the recent advancements in research into the mechanisms and functions of tanycyte-derived neurogenesis. Studies employing lineage-tracing techniques have revealed that the neurogenesis specifically originating from tanycytes in the hypothalamus has a compensatory role in neuronal loss and helps maintain energy homeostasis during metabolic diseases. Intriguingly, metabolic disorders are considered early biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the neurogenic potential of tanycytes and the state of newborn neurons derived from tanycytes heavily depend on the maintenance of mild microenvironments, which may be disrupted in Alzheimer's disease due to the impaired blood-brain barrier function. However, the specific alterations and regulatory mechanisms governing tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that tanycyte-derived neurogenesis might be impaired in Alzheimer's disease, exacerbating neurodegeneration. Confirming this hypothesis, however, poses a challenge because of the lack of long-term tracing and nucleus-specific analyses of newborn neurons in the hypothalamus of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying tanycyte-derived neurogenesis holds promise for identifying small molecules capable of restoring tanycyte proliferation in neurodegenerative diseases. This line of investigation could provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease and related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guibo Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianian Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forst T, De Block C, Del Prato S, Armani S, Frias J, Lautenbach A, Ludvik B, Marinez M, Mathieu C, Müller TD, Schnell O. The role of incretin receptor agonists in the treatment of obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:4178-4196. [PMID: 39072877 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODRODUCTION Obesity and its associated metabolic conditions have become a significant global health problem in recent years, with many people living with obesity fulfilling criteria for pharmacological treatment. The development of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for chronic weight management has triggered new interest in the incretins and other hormones as targets for obesity, and investigations into dual and triple co-agonists. METHODS The objective of this narrative review was to summarize the available data on approved and emerging incretin-based agents for the treatment of obesity. RESULTS In clinical trials of currently available agents in people with overweight or obesity, weight loss of between 6% and 21% of baseline body weight has been observed, with between 23% and 94% of participants achieving 10% or higher weight loss, depending on the study and the agent used. Favourable outcomes have also been seen with regard to cardiovascular risk and outcomes, diabetes prevention, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/steatohepatitis and prevention of weight regain after metabolic surgery. Limitations associated with these agents include high costs, the potential for weight regain once treatment is stopped, the potential loss of lean body mass and gastrointestinal adverse events; potential issues with respect to gallbladder and biliary diseases require further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Many dual and triple co-agonists are still in development, and more data are needed to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of these emerging therapies versus the established incretin-based therapies; however, data are promising, and further results are eagerly awaited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Forst
- CRS Clinical Research Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Stefano Del Prato
- Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Armani
- CRS Clinical Research Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juan Frias
- Biomea Fusion, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Anne Lautenbach
- University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ludvik
- Landstrasse Clinic and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at the Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi G, Tang H, Gong P, Liu Y, He C, Hu J, Kang S, Chen L, Qin S. Sex-specific hypothalamic neuropathology and glucose metabolism in an amyloidosis transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 39272160 PMCID: PMC11395863 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid toxicity and glucose metabolic disorders are key pathological features during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating systemic energy balance, the distribution of amyloid plaques in the preoptic, anterior, tuberal, and mammillary regions of the hypothalamus in AD mice, particularly across both sexes, remains largely unclear. Our ongoing research aims to explore hypothalamic neuropathology and glucose metabolic disturbances in a well-described APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. RESULTS Immunocytochemical staining revealed that Old-AD-Female mice exhibited a greater hypothalamic Amyloid β (Aβ) burden than their Old-AD-Male counterparts, with the mammillary bodies showing the most severe accumulation. Analysis of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) immunoreactivity and Iba1 mRNA indicated differential microgliosis based on sex, while tanycytic territory and ZO-1 tight junction protein expression remained stable in AD mice. Moreover, sex-specific peripheral glucose metabolic parameters (random and fasting blood glucose) seemed to be exacerbated by age. Old AD mice of both sexes exhibited limited hypothalamic activation (c-Fos + cells) in response to blood glucose fluctuations. Hypothalamic Glut 1 expression decreased in young but increased in old female AD mice compared with age-matched male AD mice. Pearson correlation analysis further supported a negative correlation between hypothalamic Aβ load and random blood glucose in old AD groups of both genders, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying this amyloidosis mouse model. CONCLUSION Aged APP/PS1 mice exhibit sex-specific hypothalamic neuropathology and differential glucose metabolism, highlighting distinct pathological mechanisms within each gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guibo Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pifang Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenzhao He
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianian Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Siying Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Z, Deng X, Shi C, Jing H, Tian Y, Zhong J, Chen G, Xu Y, Luo Y, Zhu Y. GLP-1R-positive neurons in the lateral septum mediate the anorectic and weight-lowering effects of liraglutide in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178239. [PMID: 39225090 PMCID: PMC11364389 DOI: 10.1172/jci178239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, is approved for obesity treatment, but the specific neuronal sites that contribute to its therapeutic effects remain elusive. Here, we show that GLP-1 receptor-positive (GLP-1R-positive) neurons in the lateral septum (LSGLP-1R) play a critical role in mediating the anorectic and weight-loss effects of liraglutide. LSGLP-1R neurons were robustly activated by liraglutide, and chemogenetic activation of these neurons dramatically suppressed feeding. Targeted knockdown of GLP-1 receptors within the LS, but not in the hypothalamus, substantially attenuated liraglutide's ability to inhibit feeding and lower body weight. The activity of LSGLP-1R neurons rapidly decreased during naturalistic feeding episodes, while synaptic inactivation of LSGLP-1R neurons diminished the anorexic effects triggered by liraglutide. Together, these findings offer critical insights into the functional role of LSGLP-1R neurons in the physiological regulation of energy homeostasis and delineate their instrumental role in mediating the pharmacological efficacy of liraglutide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuijie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyang Jing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaowei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Hunan Province People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duquenne M, Deligia E, Folgueira C, Bourouh C, Caron E, Pfrieger F, Schwaninger M, Nogueiras R, Annicotte JS, Imbernon M, Prévot V. Tanycytic transcytosis inhibition disrupts energy balance, glucose homeostasis and cognitive function in male mice. Mol Metab 2024; 87:101996. [PMID: 39047908 PMCID: PMC11340606 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Western society, high-caloric diets rich in fats and sugars have fueled the obesity epidemic and its related disorders. Disruption of the body-brain communication, crucial for maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis, arises from both obesogenic and genetic factors, leading to metabolic disorders. Here, we investigate the role of hypothalamic tanycyte shuttles between the pituitary portal blood and the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid in regulating energy balance. METHODS We inhibited vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP1-3)-mediated release in tanycytes by expressing the botulinum neurotoxin type B light chain (BoNT/B) in a Cre-dependent manner in tanycytes. This was achieved by injecting either TAT-Cre in the third ventricle or an AAV1/2 expressing Cre under the control of the tanycyte-specific promoter iodothyronine deiodinase 2 into the lateral ventricle of adult male mice. RESULTS In male mice fed a standard diet, targeted expression of BoNT/B in adult tanycytes blocks leptin transport into the mediobasal hypothalamus and results in normal-weight central obesity, including increased food intake, abdominal fat deposition, and elevated leptin levels but no marked change in body weight. Furthermore, BoNT/B expression in adult tanycytes promotes fatty acid storage, leading to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Notably, these metabolic disturbances occur despite a compensatory increase in insulin secretion, observed both in response to exogenous glucose boluses in vivo and in isolated pancreatic islets. Intriguingly, these metabolic alterations are associated with impaired spatial memory in BoNT/B-expressing mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the central role of tanycytes in brain-periphery communication and highlight their potential implication in the age-related development of type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline. Our tanycytic BoNT/B mouse model provides a robust platform for studying how these conditions progress over time, from prediabetic states to full-blown metabolic and cognitive disorders, and the mechanistic contribution of tanycytes to their development. The recognition of the impact of tanycytic transcytosis on hormone transport opens new avenues for developing targeted therapies that could address both metabolic disorders and their associated cognitive comorbidities, which often emerge or worsen with advancing age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Duquenne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Eleonora Deligia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Frank Pfrieger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Integratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR_S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Esteve NA, Rogers DJ, Stagray JA, Mayeux H, Nora G, Huval L, Smith KM. Tanycyte radial morphology and proliferation are influenced by fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and high-fat diet. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:5000-5018. [PMID: 39087621 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a widely expressed, membrane-bound receptor that transduces extracellular signals from FGF ligands and cadherins, resulting in intracellular signals influencing cellular growth, proliferation, calcium, and transcription. FGF21 and FGF2 stimulate the proliferation of tanycytes, specialized radial astrocytes along the ventricle of the hypothalamus, and influence metabolism. Tanycytes are in a privileged position between the cerebrospinal fluid, the blood supply in the median eminence, and neurons within nuclei in the hypothalamus. The effect of FGFR1 signaling upon tanycyte morphology and metabolism was examined in adult mice with conditional deletion of the Fgfr1 gene using the Fgfr1flox/flox; Nestin-Cre+ line. Loss of Fgfr1 resulted in shorter β tanycytes along the medial eminence. Control Fgfr1flox/flox littermates and Fgfr1flox/flox, Nestin-Cre+ (Fgfr1 cKO) knockout mice were placed on a 1-month long high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal-fat diet (NFD), to investigate differences in body homeostasis and tanycyte morphology under an obesity inducing diet. We found that FGFR1 is a vital contributor to tanycyte morphology and quantity and that it promotes stem cell maintenance in the hypothalamus and hippocampal dentate gyrus. The Fgfr1 cKO mice developed impaired tolerance to a glucose challenge test on a HFD without gaining more weight than control mice. The combination of HFD and loss of Fgfr1 gene resulted in altered β and α tanycyte morphology, and reduced stem cell numbers along the third ventricle of the hypothalamus and hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Alex Esteve
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisianafs, USA
| | - Deborah J Rogers
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisianafs, USA
| | - Jacob A Stagray
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisianafs, USA
| | - Holly Mayeux
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisianafs, USA
| | - Glenae Nora
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisianafs, USA
| | - Luke Huval
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisianafs, USA
| | - Karen Müller Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisianafs, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernandois D, Rusidzé M, Mueller-Fielitz H, Sauve F, Deligia E, Silva MSB, Evrard F, Franco-García A, Mazur D, Martinez-Corral I, Jouy N, Rasika S, Maurage CA, Giacobini P, Nogueiras R, Dehouck B, Schwaninger M, Lenfant F, Prevot V. Estrogen receptor-α signaling in tanycytes lies at the crossroads of fertility and metabolism. Metabolism 2024; 158:155976. [PMID: 39019342 PMCID: PMC7616427 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen secretion by the ovaries regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during the reproductive cycle, influencing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, and also plays a role in regulating metabolism. Here, we establish that hypothalamic tanycytes-specialized glia lining the floor and walls of the third ventricle-integrate estrogenic feedback signals from the gonads and couple reproduction with metabolism by relaying this information to orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons. METHODS Using mouse models, including mice floxed for Esr1 (encoding estrogen receptor alpha, ERα) and those with Cre-dependent expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), along with viral-mediated, pharmacological and indirect calorimetric approaches, we evaluated the role of tanycytes and tanycytic estrogen signaling in pulsatile LH secretion, cFos expression in NPY neurons, estrous cyclicity, body-weight changes and metabolic parameters in adult females. RESULTS In ovariectomized mice, chemogenetic activation of tanycytes significantly reduced LH pulsatile release, mimicking the effects of direct NPY neuron activation. In intact mice, tanycytes were crucial for the estrogen-mediated control of GnRH/LH release, with tanycytic ERα activation suppressing fasting-induced NPY neuron activation. Selective knockout of Esr1 in tanycytes altered estrous cyclicity and fertility in female mice and affected estrogen's ability to inhibit refeeding in fasting mice. The absence of ERα signaling in tanycytes increased Npy transcripts and body weight in intact mice and prevented the estrogen-mediated decrease in food intake as well as increase in energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation in ovariectomized mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the pivotal role of tanycytes in the neuroendocrine coupling of reproduction and metabolism, with potential implications for its age-related deregulation after menopause. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our investigation reveals that tanycytes, specialized glial cells in the brain, are key interpreters of estrogen signals for orexigenic NPY neurons in the hypothalamus. Disrupting tanycytic estrogen receptors not only alters fertility in female mice but also impairs the ability of estrogens to suppress appetite. This work thus sheds light on the critical role played by tanycytes in bridging the hormonal regulation of cyclic reproductive function and appetite/feeding behavior. This understanding may have potential implications for age-related metabolic deregulation after menopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fernandois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mariam Rusidzé
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC) Equipe 4, Inserm U1297UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Helge Mueller-Fielitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florent Sauve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eleonora Deligia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mauro S B Silva
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Evrard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniele Mazur
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - S Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claude-Alain Maurage
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Benedicte Dehouck
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Francoise Lenfant
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC) Equipe 4, Inserm U1297UPS, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Modder M, Coomans CP, Saaltink DJ, Tersteeg MMH, Hoogduin J, Scholten L, Pronk ACM, Lalai RA, Boelen A, Kalsbeek A, Rensen PCN, Vreugdenhil E, Kooijman S. Doublecortin-like knockdown in mice attenuates obesity by stimulating energy expenditure in adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19517. [PMID: 39174821 PMCID: PMC11341836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between peripheral metabolic organs and the central nervous system is essential for body weight control. At the base of the hypothalamus, β-tanycytes surround the portal capillaries and function as gatekeepers to facilitate transfer of substances from the circulation into the cerebrospinal fluid and vice versa. Here, we investigated the role of the neuroplasticity gene doublecortin-like (DCL), highly expressed by β-tanycytes, in body weight control and whole-body energy metabolism. We demonstrated that DCL-knockdown through a doxycycline-inducible shRNA expression system prevents body weight gain by reducing adiposity in mice. DCL-knockdown slightly increased whole-body energy expenditure possibly as a result of elevated circulating thyroid hormones. In white adipose tissue (WAT) triglyceride uptake was increased while the average adipocyte cell size was reduced. At histological level we observed clear signs of browning, and thus increased thermogenesis in WAT. We found no indications for stimulated thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Altogether, we demonstrate an important, though subtle, role of tanycytic DCL in body weight control through regulation of energy expenditure, and specifically WAT browning. Elucidating mechanisms underlying the role of DCL in regulating brain-peripheral crosstalk further might identify new treatment targets for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Modder
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Saaltink
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mayke M H Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janna Hoogduin
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Scholten
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reshma A Lalai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erno Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoffman S, Adeli K. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:301-311. [PMID: 39135603 PMCID: PMC11317082 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic health is highly dependent on intestinal and hepatic handling of dietary and endogenous lipids and lipoproteins. Disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are commonly observed in patients with insulin resistant states such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Evidence from both animal models and human studies indicates that a major underlying factor in metabolic or diabetic dyslipidemia is the overproduction of hepatic and intestinal apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoprotein particles. These particles are catabolized down into highly proatherogenic remnants, which can be taken up into the arterial intima and promote plaque development. Several gut-derived peptides have been identified as key regulators of energy metabolism; one such peptide is the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that GLP-1 can signal both centrally and peripherally to reduce postprandial and fasting lipoprotein secretion. Moreover, we have demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists can ameliorate diet-induced dyslipidemia. Recently, we published evidence for a novel vagal neuroendocrine signalling pathway by which native GLP-1 may exert its anti-lipemic effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated a novel role for other gut-derived peptides in regulating intestinal lipoprotein production. Overall, ample evidence supports a key role for GLP-1R on the portal vein afferent neurons and nodose ganglion in modulating intestinal fat absorption and lipoprotein production and identifies other gut-derived peptides as novel regulators of postprandial lipemia. Insights from these data may support identification of potential drug targets and the development of new therapeutics targeting treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hoffman
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, Merck Research Laboratories, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diz-Chaves Y, Maastor Z, Spuch C, Lamas JA, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation: anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1671-1677. [PMID: 38103230 PMCID: PMC10960307 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues, including different brain regions. Glucagon-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection, like the support of cell growth/survival, enhancement promotion of synapse formation, autophagy, and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, microglial activation, and apoptosis during neural morphogenesis. The glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, maintain metabolic homeostasis and defense against pathogens in the central nervous system. After brain insult, microglia are the first cells to respond, followed by reactive astrocytosis. These activated cells produce proinflammatory mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the insult. Furthermore, under these circumstances, microglia can become chronically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and, consequently, their functions during many diseases. Several processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution: like the formation of protein aggregates, the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents, the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function, and, of critical importance, the dysregulation of inflammatory control mechanisms. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies, restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions, modulating microglia activity, and decreasing the inflammatory response. This review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammatory properties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, or chronic migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Zainab Maastor
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Sala Investigación, Estrada Clara Campoamor, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Neuroscience, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C. González-Matías
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Vigo, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim KS, Park JS, Hwang E, Park MJ, Shin HY, Lee YH, Kim KM, Gautron L, Godschall E, Portillo B, Grose K, Jung SH, Baek SL, Yun YH, Lee D, Kim E, Ajwani J, Yoo SH, Güler AD, Williams KW, Choi HJ. GLP-1 increases preingestive satiation via hypothalamic circuits in mice and humans. Science 2024; 385:438-446. [PMID: 38935778 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective antiobesity drugs. However, the precise central mechanisms of GLP-1RAs remain elusive. We administered GLP-1RAs to patients with obesity and observed a heightened sense of preingestive satiation. Analysis of human and mouse brain samples pinpointed GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) as candidates for encoding preingestive satiation. Optogenetic manipulation of DMHGLP-1R neurons caused satiation. Calcium imaging demonstrated that these neurons are actively involved in encoding preingestive satiation. GLP-1RA administration increased the activity of DMHGLP-1R neurons selectively during eating behavior. We further identified that an intricate interplay between DMHGLP-1R neurons and neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARCNPY/AgRP neurons) occurs to regulate food intake. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic mechanism through which GLP-1RAs control preingestive satiation, offering previously unexplored neural targets for obesity and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsang Hwang
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Jung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Bryan Portillo
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyle Grose
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - So Lin Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Eunseong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Ajwani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Seong Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali D Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, 101 Dabyeonbat-gil, Hwachon-myeon, Gangwon-do 25159, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Webster AN, Becker JJ, Li C, Schwalbe DC, Kerspern D, Karolczak EO, Godschall EN, Belmont-Rausch DM, Pers TH, Lutas A, Habib N, Güler AD, Krashes MJ, Campbell JN. Molecular Connectomics Reveals a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Sensitive Neural Circuit for Satiety. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.564990. [PMID: 37961449 PMCID: PMC10635031 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Liraglutide and other agonists of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1RAs) are effective weight loss drugs, but how they suppress appetite remains unclear. One potential mechanism is by activating neurons which inhibit hunger-promoting Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the arcuate hypothalamus (Arc). To identify these afferents, we developed a method combining rabies-based connectomics with single-nuclei transcriptomics. Applying this method to AgRP neurons predicted at least 21 afferent subtypes in the mouse mediobasal and paraventricular hypothalamus. Among these are Trh+ Arc neurons, inhibitory neurons which express the Glp1r gene and are activated by the GLP-1RA liraglutide. Activating Trh+ Arc neurons inhibits AgRP neurons and feeding in an AgRP neuron-dependent manner. Silencing Trh+ Arc neurons causes over-eating and weight gain and attenuates liraglutide's effect on body weight. Our results demonstrate a widely applicable method for molecular connectomics, comprehensively identify local inputs to AgRP neurons, and reveal a circuit through which GLP-1RAs suppress appetite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Addison N. Webster
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Jordan J. Becker
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Chia Li
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Dana C. Schwalbe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Damien Kerspern
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Eva O. Karolczak
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Tune H. Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Lutas
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Naomi Habib
- Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ali D. Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Krashes
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - John N. Campbell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu Y, Wang L, Luo F, Savani R, Rossi MA, Pang ZP. Dorsolateral septum GLP-1R neurons regulate feeding via lateral hypothalamic projections. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101960. [PMID: 38763494 PMCID: PMC11153235 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is known to regulate feeding, the central mechanisms contributing to this function remain enigmatic. Here, we aim to test the role of neurons expressing GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in the dorsolateral septum (dLS; dLSGLP-1R) that project to the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) on food intake and determine the relationship with feeding regulation. METHODS Using chemogenetic manipulations, we assessed how activation or inhibition of dLSGLP-1R neurons affected food intake in Glp1r-ires-Cre mice. Then, we used channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping, chemogenetics, and electrophysiological recordings to identify and assess the role of the pathway from dLSGLP-1R →LHA projections in regulating food intake. RESULTS Chemogenetic inhibition of dLSGLP-1R neurons increases food intake. LHA is a major downstream target of dLSGLP-1R neurons. The dLSGLP-1R→LHA projections are GABAergic, and chemogenetic inhibition of this pathway also promotes food intake. While chemogenetic activation of dLSGLP-1R→LHA projections modestly decreases food intake, optogenetic stimulation of the dLSGLP-1R→LHA projection terminals in the LHA rapidly suppresses feeding behavior. Finally, we demonstrate that the GLP-1R agonist, Exendin 4 enhances dLSGLP-1R →LHA GABA release. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results demonstrate that dLS-GLP-1R neurons and the inhibitory pathway to LHA can regulate feeding behavior, which might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of eating disorders or obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Le Wang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Fang Luo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Rohan Savani
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mark A Rossi
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elfers CT, Chichura KS, Ashlaw EF, Chepurny OG, Holz GG, Doyle RP, Roth CL. Reductions of food intake and body weight in diet-induced obese rats following chronic treatment with a monomeric peptide multiagonist. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1782-1790. [PMID: 38861891 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While therapies based on endogenous gut peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been compelling therapeutic agents for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), only a few have achieved long-term weight loss and all have shown significant side-effects, including nausea/malaise and gastrointestinal ailments. OBJECTIVE As the pathophysiology of obesity is driven by dysregulation of multiple, inter-related, pathways, we tested a novel peptide targeting multiple receptors of complementary neurocircuits regulating the controls of energy balance. METHODS Response to daily injections of GEP44, a GLP-1R and neuropeptide Y1R and Y2R receptor (Y1R/Y2R) triple agonist was tested vs. the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide (LIRA) in diet-induced obese (DIO) male and female rats. Glucose tolerance tests after intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) were performed at baseline and after 14-d of treatment in GEP44 treated rats. Other metabolic parameters were assessed in blood at the end of a 28-d intervention. RESULTS Upon conclusion at 28-d, body weight reduction compared to vehicle was -15.6%/-11.9% in response to GEP44, vs. -9.7%/-5.1% after LIRA, males, and females, respectively. Significant reductions of cumulative food intake occurred over 28-d in female rats treated with GEP44 (-30%; p < 0.0001), vs. LIRA (-10%), and in male rats GEP44 (-39%; p < 0.0001), vs. LIRA (-20%; p = 0.003). In IPGTTs, a similar stimulation glucose induced insulin secretion was noted in rats treated with GEP44 and LIRA. CONCLUSION The strong reductions of body weight in response to long-term applications of the triple agonist GEP44 confirms the therapeutic potential of targeting multiple receptors for achieving more robust and potentially more sustained improvement of energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Elfers
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Kylie S Chichura
- Syracuse University, Department of Chemistry, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Alltrna, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily F Ashlaw
- Syracuse University, Department of Chemistry, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Department of Medicine, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - George G Holz
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Department of Medicine, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Syracuse University, Department of Chemistry, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Department of Medicine, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Christian L Roth
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle WA 98101, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arillotta D, Floresta G, Papanti Pelletier GD, Guirguis A, Corkery JM, Martinotti G, Schifano F. Exploring the Potential Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Substance Use, Compulsive Behavior, and Libido: Insights from Social Media Using a Mixed-Methods Approach. Brain Sci 2024; 14:617. [PMID: 38928616 PMCID: PMC11202225 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is involved in a range of central and peripheral pathways related to appetitive behavior. Hence, this study explored the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on substance and behavioral addictions, including alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, psychostimulants, compulsive shopping, and sex drive/libido. Data were collected from various social platforms. Keywords related to GLP-1 RAs and substance/behavioral addiction were used to extract relevant comments. The study employed a mixed-methods approach to analyze online discussions posted from December 2019 to June 2023 and collected using a specialized web application. Reddit entries were the focus here due to limited data from other platforms, such as TikTok and YouTube. A total of 5859 threads and related comments were extracted from six subreddits, which included threads about GLP-1 RAs drugs and associated brand names. To obtain relevant posts, keywords related to potential substance use and compulsive behavior were selected. Further analysis involved two main steps: (1) manually coding posts based on users' references to the potential impact of GLP-1 RAs on substance use and non-substance habits, excluding irrelevant or unclear comments; (2) performing a thematic analysis on the dataset of keywords, using AI-assisted techniques followed by the manual revision of the generated themes. Second, a thematic analysis was performed on the keyword-related dataset, using AI-assisted techniques followed by the manual revision of the generated themes. In total, 29.75% of alcohol-related; 22.22% of caffeine-related; and 23.08% of nicotine-related comments clearly stated a cessation of the intake of these substances following the start of GLP-1 RAs prescription. Conversely, mixed results were found for cannabis intake, and only limited, anecdotal data were made available for cocaine, entactogens, and dissociative drugs' misuse. Regarding behavioral addictions, 21.35% of comments reported a compulsive shopping interruption, whilst the sexual drive/libido elements reportedly increased in several users. The current mixed-methods approach appeared to be a useful tool in gaining insight into complex topics such as the effects of GLP-1 RAs on substance and non-substance addiction-related disorders; some GLP-1 RA-related mental health benefits could also be inferred from here. Overall, it appeared that GLP-1 RAs may show the potential to target both substance craving and maladaptive/addictive behaviors, although further empirical research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Arillotta
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - G. Duccio Papanti Pelletier
- Tolmezzo Community Mental Health Centre, ASUFC Mental Health Department, Via Giuliano Bonanni, 2, 33028 Tolmezzo, Italy;
| | - Amira Guirguis
- Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK;
| | - John Martin Corkery
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (J.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technology (ITAB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 21, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (J.M.C.); (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qin J, Nong L, Zhu Q, Huang Z, Wu F, Li S. A Retrospective Analysis of Central and Peripheral Metabolic Characteristics in Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis. Neurol Ther 2024; 13:763-784. [PMID: 38643256 PMCID: PMC11136911 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most current treatment strategies and investigations on cryptococcal meningitis (CM) focus primarily on the central nervous system (CNS), often overlooking the complex interplay between the CNS and the peripheral system. This study aims to explore the characteristics of central and peripheral metabolism in patients with CM. METHODS Patients diagnosed with CM as per the hospital records of the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups, non-structural damage of the brain (NSDB) and structural damage of the brain (SDB), according to the presence of brain lesions as detected with imaging. Based on the presence of enlarged cerebral ventricles, the cases in the SDB group were classified into non-ventriculomegaly (NVM) and ventriculomegaly (VM). Various parameters of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) were analyzed. RESULTS A significant correlation was detected between CSF and PB parameters. The levels of CSF-adenosine dehydrogenase (ADA), CSF-protein, CSF-glucose, and CSF-chloride ions were significantly correlated with the levels of PB-aminotransferase, PB-bilirubin, PB-creatinine (Cr), PB-urea nitrogen, PB-electrolyte, PB-protein, and PB-lipid. Compared with NSDB, the levels of CSF-glucose were significantly decreased in the SDB group, while the levels of CSF-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CSF-protein were significantly increased in the SDB group. In the SDB group, the levels of PB-potassium, PB-hemoglobin(Hb), and PB-albumin were significantly decreased in the patients with VM, while the level of PB-urea nitrogen was significantly increased in these patients. CONCLUSION Metabolic and structural alterations in the brain may be associated with peripheral metabolic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Qin
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, 1 Chang-Gang-Two-Li Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanwei Nong
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, 1 Chang-Gang-Two-Li Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Zhu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, 1 Chang-Gang-Two-Li Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Huang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, 1 Chang-Gang-Two-Li Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyao Wu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, 1 Chang-Gang-Two-Li Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijun Li
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, 1 Chang-Gang-Two-Li Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Perez-Leighton C, Kerr B, Scherer PE, Baudrand R, Cortés V. The interplay between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 regulates food intake and feeding behaviour. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:653-674. [PMID: 38072002 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional, endocrine, and neurological signals converge in multiple brain centres to control feeding behaviour and food intake as part of the allostatic regulation of energy balance. Among the several neuroendocrine systems involved, the leptin, glucocorticoid, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) systems have been extensively researched. Leptin is at the top hierarchical level since its complete absence is sufficient to trigger severe hyperphagia. Glucocorticoids are key regulators of the energy balance adaptation to stress and their sustained excess leads to excessive adiposity and metabolic perturbations. GLP1 participates in metabolic adaptation to food intake, regulating insulin secretion and satiety by parallel central and peripheral signalling systems. Herein, we review the brain and peripheral targets of these three hormone systems that integrate to regulate food intake, feeding behaviour, and metabolic homeostasis. We examine the functional relationships between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 at the central and peripheral levels, including the cross-regulation of their circulating levels and their cooperative or antagonistic actions at different brain centres. The pathophysiological roles of these neuroendocrine systems in dysregulated intake are explored in the two extremes of body adiposity - obesity and lipodystrophy - and eating behaviour disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Perez-Leighton
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina-CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Carmen Sylva 2444, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - René Baudrand
- Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
- Centro Translacional de Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
| | - Víctor Cortés
- Departmento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barahona MJ, Ferrada L, Vera M, Nualart F. Tanycytes release glucose using the glucose-6-phosphatase system during hypoglycemia to control hypothalamic energy balance. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101940. [PMID: 38641253 PMCID: PMC11060961 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The liver releases glucose into the blood using the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) system, a multiprotein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show for the first time that the G6Pase system is also expressed in hypothalamic tanycytes, and it is required to regulate energy balance. METHODS Using automatized qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, we evaluated the expression of the G6Pase system. Fluorescent glucose analogue (2-NBDG) uptake was evaluated by 4D live-cell microscopy. Glucose release was tested using a glucose detection kit and high-content live-cell analysis instrument, Incucyte s3. In vivo G6pt knockdown in tanycytes was performed by AAV1-shG6PT-mCherry intracerebroventricular injection. Body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, food intake, glucose metabolism, c-Fos, and neuropeptide expression were evaluated at 4 weeks post-transduction. RESULTS Tanycytes sequester glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into the ER through the G6Pase system and release glucose in hypoglycaemia via facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs). Strikingly, in vivo tanycytic G6pt knockdown has a powerful peripheral anabolic effect observed through decreased body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) tissue mass, and strong downregulation of lipogenesis genes. Selective deletion of G6pt in tanycytes also decreases food intake, c-Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and Npy mRNA expression in fasted mice. CONCLUSIONS The tanycyte-associated G6Pase system is a central mechanism involved in controlling metabolism and energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Barahona
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Laboratory of Appetite Physiology (FIDELA), Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, University San Sebastián, Concepción Campus, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Matías Vera
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liskiewicz A, Müller TD. Regulation of energy metabolism through central GIPR signaling. Peptides 2024; 176:171198. [PMID: 38527521 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been made to pharmacologically combat the obesity pandemic, particularly with regard to biochemically tailored drugs that simultaneously target the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). But while the pharmacological benefits of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism are widely acknowledged, the role of the GIP system in regulating systems metabolism remains controversial. When given in adjunct to GLP-1R agonism, both agonism and antagonism of the GIP receptor (GIPR) improves metabolic outcome in preclinical and clinical studies, and despite persistent concerns about its potential obesogenic nature, there is accumulating evidence indicating that GIP has beneficial metabolic effects via central GIPR agonism. Nonetheless, despite growing recognition of the GIP system as a valuable pharmacological target, there remains great uncertainty as to where and how GIP acts in the brain to regulate metabolism, and how GIPR agonism may differ from GIPR antagonism in control of energy metabolism. In this review we highlight current knowledge on the central action of GIP, and discuss open questions related to its multifaceted biology in the brain and the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Menezes F, Wasinski F, de Souza GO, Nunes AP, Bernardes ES, dos Santos SN, da Silva FFA, Peroni CN, Oliveira JE, Kopchick JJ, Brown RSE, Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Perelló M, Soares CRJ, Donato J. The Pattern of GH Action in the Mouse Brain. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae057. [PMID: 38728240 PMCID: PMC11137758 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
GH acts in numerous organs expressing the GH receptor (GHR), including the brain. However, the mechanisms behind the brain's permeability to GH and how this hormone accesses different brain regions remain unclear. It is well-known that an acute GH administration induces phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) in the mouse brain. Thus, the pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactive cells was analyzed at different time points after IP or intracerebroventricular GH injections. After a systemic GH injection, the first cells expressing pSTAT5 were those near circumventricular organs, such as arcuate nucleus neurons adjacent to the median eminence. Both systemic and central GH injections induced a medial-to-lateral pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactivity over time because GH-responsive cells were initially observed in periventricular areas and were progressively detected in lateral brain structures. Very few choroid plexus cells exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. Additionally, Ghr mRNA was poorly expressed in the mouse choroid plexus. In contrast, some tanycytes lining the floor of the third ventricle expressed Ghr mRNA and exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. The transport of radiolabeled GH into the hypothalamus did not differ between wild-type and dwarf Ghr knockout mice, indicating that GH transport into the mouse brain is GHR independent. Also, single-photon emission computed tomography confirmed that radiolabeled GH rapidly reaches the ventral part of the tuberal hypothalamus. In conclusion, our study provides novel and valuable information about the pattern and mechanisms behind GH transport into the mouse brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Menezes
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gabriel O de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Nunes
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Bernardes
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sofia N dos Santos
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio F A da Silva
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cibele N Peroni
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João E Oliveira
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 75312, Sweden
| | - Carlos R J Soares
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bu T, Sun Z, Pan Y, Deng X, Yuan G. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: New Regulator in Lipid Metabolism. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:354-372. [PMID: 38650100 PMCID: PMC11140404 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30-amino acid peptide hormone that is mainly expressed in the intestine and hypothalamus. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have shown that GLP-1 is closely related to lipid metabolism, and it can participate in lipid metabolism by inhibiting fat synthesis, promoting fat differentiation, enhancing cholesterol metabolism, and promoting adipose browning. GLP-1 plays a key role in the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism. It is expected to become a new target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The effects of GLP-1 and dual agonists on lipid metabolism also provide a more complete treatment plan for metabolic diseases. This article reviews the recent research progress of GLP-1 in lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Bu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ziyan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boshchenko AA, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Zhuravleva OA, Slidnevskaya AS, Naryzhnaya NV, Zinovieva AS, Ilinykh PA. Peptides Are Cardioprotective Drugs of the Future: The Receptor and Signaling Mechanisms of the Cardioprotective Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4900. [PMID: 38732142 PMCID: PMC11084666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main problems of modern cardiology. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to create more effective drugs for the treatment of AMI than those currently used in the clinic. Such drugs could be enzyme-resistant peptide analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists can prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac injury. In addition, chronic administration of GLP1R agonists can alleviate the development of adverse cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarction, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. GLP1R agonists can protect the heart against oxidative stress and reduce proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) expression in the myocardium. GLP1R stimulation inhibits apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. The activation of the GLP1R augments autophagy and mitophagy in the myocardium. GLP1R agonists downregulate reactive species generation through the activation of Epac and the GLP1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. The GLP1R, kinases (PKCε, PKA, Akt, AMPK, PI3K, ERK1/2, mTOR, GSK-3β, PKG, MEK1/2, and MKK3), enzymes (HO-1 and eNOS), transcription factors (STAT3, CREB, Nrf2, and FoxO3), KATP channel opening, and MPT pore closing are involved in the cardioprotective effect of GLP1R agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Boshchenko
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N. Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mukhomedzyanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Zhuravleva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alisa S. Slidnevskaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Naryzhnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arina S. Zinovieva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buller S, Blouet C. Brain access of incretins and incretin receptor agonists to their central targets relevant for appetite suppression and weight loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E472-E480. [PMID: 38381398 PMCID: PMC11193531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00250.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
New incretin-based pharmacotherapies provide efficient and safe therapeutic options to curb appetite and produce weight loss in patients with obesity. Delivered systemically, these molecules produce pleiotropic metabolic benefits, but the target sites mediating their weight-suppressive action are located within the brain. Recent research has increased our understanding of the neural circuits and behavioral mechanisms involved in the anorectic and metabolic consequences of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based weight loss strategies, yet little is known about how these drugs access their functional targets in the brain to produce sustained weight loss. The majority of brain cells expressing incretin receptors are located behind the blood-brain barrier, shielded from the circulation and fluctuations in the availability of peripheral signals, which is a major challenge for the development of CNS-targeted therapeutic peptides. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists with increased half-life and enhanced therapeutic benefit do not cross the blood-brain barrier, yet they manage to access discrete brain sites relevant to the regulation of energy homeostasis. In this review, we give a brief overview of the different routes for peptide hormones to access the brain. We then examine the evidence informing the routes employed by incretins and incretin receptor agonists to access brain targets relevant for their appetite and weight-suppressive actions. We highlight existing controversies and suggest future directions to further establish the functionally relevant access routes for GLP-1-based weight loss compounds, which might guide the development and selection of the future generation of incretin receptor polypharmacologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Buller
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clemence Blouet
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ren W, Chen J, Wang W, Li Q, Yin X, Zhuang G, Zhou H, Zeng W. Sympathetic nerve-enteroendocrine L cell communication modulates GLP-1 release, brain glucose utilization, and cognitive function. Neuron 2024; 112:972-990.e8. [PMID: 38242116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is controlled by brain-gut communications. Yet our understanding of the neuron-gut interface in the glucoregulatory system remains incomplete. Here, we find that sympathetic nerves elevate postprandial blood glucose but restrict brain glucose utilization by repressing the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from enteroendocrine L cells. Sympathetic nerves are in close apposition with the L cells. Importantly, sympathetic denervation or intestinal deletion of the adrenergic receptor α2 (Adra2a) augments postprandial GLP-1 secretion, leading to reduced blood glucose levels and increased brain glucose uptake. Conversely, sympathetic activation shows the opposite effects. At the cellular level, adrenergic signaling suppresses calcium flux to limit GLP-1 secretion upon sugar ingestion. Consequently, abrogation of adrenergic signal results in a significant improvement in learning and memory ability. Together, our results reveal a sympathetic nerve-enteroendocrine unit in constraining GLP-1 secretion, thus providing a therapeutic nexus of mobilizing endogenous GLP-1 for glucose management and cognitive improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Ren
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yada T. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor systems in the hypothalamus and the brainstem regulate feeding and weight through distinct pathways. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:282-284. [PMID: 38140849 PMCID: PMC10906013 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The report by Adriaenssens et al. in JCI Insight 22 May 2023 explored the role and property of the neurons that express glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) in the brainstem and hypothalamus. The chemogenetic activation of the brainstem GIPR neurons and that of the hypothalamic GIPR neurons showed different feeding and behavior responses. The brainstem GIPR neurons projected to the paraventricular hypothalamus and lateral parabrachial nucleus. Fluorescent-labeled, stabilized peptide GIPR agonist (GIPRA), peripherally injected, localized to the area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, median eminence and arcuate hypothalamus. This report showed the role of brainstem GIPR neurons in receiving GIPRA to drive the neural circuit to reduce feeding and bodyweight. In this commentary, distinct and possible cooperative roles of the hypothalamic and the brainstem GIPR pathways will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative PhysiologyKansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKyotoJapan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational ResearchGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Anderson GM, Hill JW, Kaiser UB, Navarro VM, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Prevot V, Tena-Sempere M, Elias CF. Metabolic control of puberty: 60 years in the footsteps of Kennedy and Mitra's seminal work. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:111-123. [PMID: 38049643 PMCID: PMC10843588 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
An individual's nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy abundance. The consequences of altered pubertal timing for human health are profound. Late puberty increases the chances of cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disorders, whereas early puberty is associated with increased risks of adult obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancer. Kennedy and Mitra's trailblazing studies, published in 1963 and using experimental models, were the first to demonstrate that nutrition is a key factor in puberty onset. Building on this work, the field has advanced substantially in the past decade, which is largely due to the impressive development of molecular tools for experimentation and population genetics. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development, with a focus on perspectives and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken K Ong
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Allard C, Cota D, Quarta C. Poly-Agonist Pharmacotherapies for Metabolic Diseases: Hopes and New Challenges. Drugs 2024; 84:127-148. [PMID: 38127286 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-based multi-agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity holds great promise for improving glycaemic control and weight management. Unimolecular dual and triple agonists targeting multiple gut hormone-related pathways are currently in clinical trials, with recent evidence supporting their efficacy. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the biological mechanisms and potential adverse effects associated with these multi-target agents. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of GLP-1 receptor-based multi-agonists remain somewhat mysterious, and hidden threats may be associated with the use of gut hormone-based polyagonists. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the benefits and risks associated with the use of these new drugs in the management of obesity and diabetes, while also exploring new potential applications of GLP-1-based pharmacology beyond the field of metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jörgensen SK, Karnošová A, Mazzaferro S, Rowley O, Chen HJC, Robbins SJ, Christofides S, Merkle FT, Maletínská L, Petrik D. An analogue of the Prolactin Releasing Peptide reduces obesity and promotes adult neurogenesis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:351-377. [PMID: 38177913 PMCID: PMC10897398 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic Adult Neurogenesis (hAN) has been implicated in regulating energy homeostasis. Adult-generated neurons and adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the hypothalamus control food intake and body weight. Conversely, diet-induced obesity (DIO) by high fat diets (HFD) exerts adverse influence on hAN. However, the effects of anti-obesity compounds on hAN are not known. To address this, we administered a lipidized analogue of an anti-obesity neuropeptide, Prolactin Releasing Peptide (PrRP), so-called LiPR, to mice. In the HFD context, LiPR rescued the survival of adult-born hypothalamic neurons and increased the number of aNSCs by reducing their activation. LiPR also rescued the reduction of immature hippocampal neurons and modulated calcium dynamics in iPSC-derived human neurons. In addition, some of these neurogenic effects were exerted by another anti-obesity compound, Liraglutide. These results show for the first time that anti-obesity neuropeptides influence adult neurogenesis and suggest that the neurogenic process can serve as a target of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Karnošová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 12108, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Simone Mazzaferro
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Oliver Rowley
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sarah J Robbins
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - David Petrik
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Newsome PN, Ambery P. Incretins (GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual/triple agonists) and the liver. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1557-1565. [PMID: 37562748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The principle pathological drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are obesity and associated insulin resistance, rendering them key therapeutic targets. As glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been licensed for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, they were one of the first drug types to be evaluated in patients with MASH, and successful phase IIa and IIb studies have resulted in progression to phase III clinical trials. Alongside GLP-1RAs, newer combinations with glucagon agonists and/or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) agonists have been explored in related patient groups, with evidence of improvements in weight, insulin resistance and non-invasive liver parameters. Whether GLP-1RAs have direct, independent effects on MASH or whether they impact on pathophysiology through improvements in weight, insulin resistance and glycaemic control remains a matter of debate. Combinations are being explored, although the potential improvement in efficacy will need to be weighed against the cumulative side-effect burden, potential drug-drug interactions and costs. There is also uncertainty regarding the optimal ratio of glucagon and GIP agonism to GLP-1 agonism in combination agents, and as to whether GIP agonism or antagonism is the optimal approach. Finally, there are also multiple hypothetical permutations combining gut hormone agonists with other emerging assets in the field. Given that the likely dominant mode of action of gut hormone agonists is upstream on weight, initial combinations might focus on agents which have been shown to have a more direct effect on fibrosis, which would include FGF21 and pan-PPAR agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, UK; Centre for Liver & Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Phil Ambery
- Late-stage Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wen R, Huang R, Xu K, Cheng Y, Yi X. Beneficial effects of Apelin-13 on metabolic diseases and exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1285788. [PMID: 38089606 PMCID: PMC10714012 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1285788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a novel endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ, is encoded by the APLN gene and can be hydrolyzed into multiple subtypes, with Apelin-13 being one of the most active subtypes of the Apelin family. Recent studies have revealed that Apelin-13 functions as an adipokine that participates in the regulation of different biological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, thereby playing an important role in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the results of recent studies on the association between Apelin-13 and various metabolic states remain controversial. Furthermore, Apelin-13 is regulated or influenced by various forms of exercise and could therefore be categorized as a new type of exercise-sensitive factor that attenuates metabolic diseases. Thus, in this review, our purpose was to focus on the relationship between Apelin-13 and related metabolic diseases and the regulation of response movements, with particular reference to the establishment of a theoretical basis for improving and treating metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Wen
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fortin SM, Chen JC, Petticord MC, Ragozzino FJ, Peters JH, Hayes MR. The locus coeruleus contributes to the anorectic, nausea, and autonomic physiological effects of glucagon-like peptide-1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0980. [PMID: 37729419 PMCID: PMC10511187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the therapeutic potential and reducing the side effects of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists used to treat obesity require complete characterization of the central mechanisms that mediate both the food intake-suppressive and illness-like effects of GLP-1R signaling. Our studies, in the rat, demonstrate that GLP-1Rs in the locus coeruleus (LC) are pharmacologically and physiologically relevant for food intake control. Furthermore, agonism of LC GLP-1Rs induces illness-like behaviors, and antagonism of LC GLP-1Rs can attenuate GLP-1R-mediated nausea. Electrophysiological and behavioral pharmacology data support a role for LC GLP-1Rs expressed on presynaptic glutamatergic terminals in the control of feeding and malaise. Collectively, our work establishes the LC as a site of action for GLP-1 signaling and extends our understanding of the GLP-1 signaling mechanism necessary for the development of improved obesity pharmacotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Fortin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jack C. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marisa C. Petticord
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Forrest J. Ragozzino
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - James H. Peters
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mukherjee S, Skrede S, Haugstøyl M, López M, Fernø J. Peripheral and central macrophages in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232171. [PMID: 37720534 PMCID: PMC10501731 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Excessive nutrient intake causes adipose tissue expansion, which may in turn cause cellular stress that triggers infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells from the circulation as well as activation of cells that are residing in the adipose tissue. In particular, the adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are important in the pathogenesis of obesity. A pro-inflammatory activation is also found in other organs which are important for energy metabolism, such as the liver, muscle and the pancreas, which may stimulate the development of obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Interestingly, it is now clear that obesity-induced pro-inflammatory signaling also occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), and that pro-inflammatory activation of immune cells in the brain may be involved in appetite dysregulation and metabolic disturbances in obesity. More recently, it has become evident that microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS that drive neuroinflammation, may also be activated in obesity and can be relevant for regulation of hypothalamic feeding circuits. In this review, we focus on the action of peripheral and central macrophages and their potential roles in metabolic disease, and how macrophages interact with other immune cells to promote inflammation during obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silje Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha Haugstøyl
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kannangara H, Cullen L, Miyashita S, Korkmaz F, Macdonald A, Gumerova A, Witztum R, Moldavski O, Sims S, Burgess J, Frolinger T, Latif R, Ginzburg Y, Lizneva D, Goosens K, Davies TF, Yuen T, Zaidi M, Ryu V. Emerging roles of brain tanycytes in regulating blood-hypothalamus barrier plasticity and energy homeostasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1525:61-69. [PMID: 37199228 PMCID: PMC10524199 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in food intake and adiposity in many animal species are triggered by changes in the photoperiod. These latter changes are faithfully transduced into a biochemical signal by melatonin secreted by the pineal gland. Seasonal variations, encoded by melatonin, are integrated by third ventricular tanycytes of the mediobasal hypothalamus through the detection of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) released from the pars tuberalis. The mediobasal hypothalamus is a critical brain region that maintains energy homeostasis by acting as an interface between the neural networks of the central nervous system and the periphery to control metabolic functions, including ingestive behavior, energy homeostasis, and reproduction. Among the cells involved in the regulation of energy balance and the blood-hypothalamus barrier (BHB) plasticity are tanycytes. Increasing evidence suggests that anterior pituitary hormones, specifically TSH, traditionally considered to have unitary functions in targeting single endocrine sites, display actions on multiple somatic tissues and central neurons. Notably, modulation of tanycytic TSH receptors seems critical for BHB plasticity in relation to energy homeostasis, but this needs to be proven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasni Kannangara
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Liam Cullen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sari Miyashita
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Funda Korkmaz
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anne Macdonald
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anisa Gumerova
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ronit Witztum
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ofer Moldavski
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Steven Sims
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jocoll Burgess
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tal Frolinger
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rauf Latif
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Daria Lizneva
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ki Goosens
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Terry F. Davies
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tony Yuen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Skovbjerg G, Roostalu U, Salinas CG, Skytte JL, Perens J, Clemmensen C, Elster L, Frich CK, Hansen HH, Hecksher-Sørensen J. Uncovering CNS access of lipidated exendin-4 analogues by quantitative whole-brain 3D light sheet imaging. Neuropharmacology 2023:109637. [PMID: 37391028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based drug development for CNS disorders is challenged by poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability of peptides. While acylation protractions (lipidation) have been successfully applied to increase circulating half-life of therapeutic peptides, little is known about the CNS accessibility of lipidated peptide drugs. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has emerged as a powerful method to visualize whole-brain 3D distribution of fluorescently labelled therapeutic peptides at single-cell resolution. Here, we applied LSFM to map CNS distribution of the clinically relevant GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) exendin-4 (Ex4) and lipidated analogues following peripheral administration. Mice received an intravenous dose (100 nmol/kg) of IR800 fluorophore-labelled Ex4 (Ex4), Ex4 acylated with a C16-monoacid (Ex4_C16MA) or C18-diacid (Ex4_C18DA). Other mice were administered C16MA-acylated exendin 9-39 (Ex9-39_C16MA), a selective GLP-1R antagonist, serving as negative control for GLP-1R mediated agonist internalization. Two hours post-dosing, brain distribution of Ex4 and analogues was predominantly restricted to the circumventricular organs, notably area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract. Ex4_C16MA and Ex9-39_C16MA also distributed to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and medial habenula. Notably, Ex4_C18DA was detected in deeper-lying brain structures such as dorsomedial/ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and the dentate gyrus. Similar CNS distribution maps of Ex4-C16MA and Ex9-39_C16MA suggest that brain access of lipidated Ex4 analogues is independent on GLP-1 receptor internalization. The cerebrovasculature was devoid of specific labelling, hence not supporting a direct role of GLP-1 RAs in BBB function. In conclusion, peptide lipidation increases CNS accessibility of Ex4. Our fully automated LSFM pipeline is suitable for mapping whole-brain distribution of fluorescently labelled drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Skovbjerg
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob L Skytte
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Johanna Perens
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Elster
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dali R, Estrada-Meza J, Langlet F. Tanycyte, the neuron whisperer. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114108. [PMID: 36740135 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal communication between neurons and glia is essential for normal brain functioning and adequate physiological functions, including energy balance. In vertebrates, the homeostatic process that adjusts food intake and energy expenditure in line with physiological requirements is tightly controlled by numerous neural cell types located within the hypothalamus and the brainstem and organized in complex networks. Within these neural networks, peculiar ependymoglial cells called tanycytes are nowadays recognized as multifunctional players in the physiological mechanisms of appetite control, partly by modulating orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons. Here, we review recent advances in tanycytes' impact on hypothalamic neuronal activity, emphasizing on arcuate neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Dali
- Department of biomedical sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judith Estrada-Meza
- Department of biomedical sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Langlet
- Department of biomedical sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu Q, Gamayun I, Wartenberg P, Zhang Q, Qiao S, Kusumakshi S, Candlish S, Götz V, Wen S, Das D, Wyatt A, Wahl V, Ectors F, Kattler K, Yildiz D, Prevot V, Schwaninger M, Ternier G, Giacobini P, Ciofi P, Müller TD, Boehm U. Bitter taste cells in the ventricular walls of the murine brain regulate glucose homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1588. [PMID: 36949050 PMCID: PMC10033832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The median eminence (ME) is a circumventricular organ at the base of the brain that controls body homeostasis. Tanycytes are its specialized glial cells that constitute the ventricular walls and regulate different physiological states, however individual signaling pathways in these cells are incompletely understood. Here, we identify a functional tanycyte subpopulation that expresses key taste transduction genes including bitter taste receptors, the G protein gustducin and the gustatory ion channel TRPM5 (M5). M5 tanycytes have access to blood-borne cues via processes extended towards diaphragmed endothelial fenestrations in the ME and mediate bidirectional communication between the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. This subpopulation responds to metabolic signals including leptin and other hormonal cues and is transcriptionally reprogrammed upon fasting. Acute M5 tanycyte activation induces insulin secretion and acute diphtheria toxin-mediated M5 tanycyte depletion results in impaired glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. We provide a cellular and molecular framework that defines how bitter taste cells in the ME integrate chemosensation with metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Igor Gamayun
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Soumya Kusumakshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Candlish
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Götz
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Shuping Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Debajyoti Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabien Ectors
- FARAH Mammalian Transgenics Platform, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kathrin Kattler
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniela Yildiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gaetan Ternier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Neurocentre Magendie - INSERM Unit 1215, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang L, Jin M, Pan Y, Yang F, Wu Y, Gao J, Chen T, Tan S, Yang T, Chen Y, Huang J. Sustained release of GLP-1 analog from γ-PGA-PAE copolymers for management of type 2 diabetes. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213352. [PMID: 36867980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
GLP-1 has been clinically exploited for treating type 2 diabetes, while its short circulation half-life requires multiple daily injections to maintain effective glycemic control, thus limiting its widespread application. Here we developed a drug delivery system based on self-assembling polymer-amino acid conjugates (γ-PGA-PAE) to provide sustained release of GLP-1 analog (DLG3312). The DLG3312 loaded γ-PGA based nanoparticles (DLG3312@NPs) exhibited a spherical shape with a good monodispersity under transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation. The DLG3312 encapsulation was optimized, and the loading efficiency was as high as 78.4 ± 2.2 %. The transformation of DLG3312@NPs to network structures was observed upon treatment with the fresh serum, resulting in a sustained drug release. The in vivo long-term hypoglycemic assays indicated that DLG3312@NPs significantly reduced blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level. Furthermore, DLG3312@NPs extended the efficacy of DLG3312, leading to a decrease in the dosing schedule that from once a day to once every other day. This approach combined the molecular and materials engineering strategies that offered a unique solution to maximize the availability of anti-diabetic drug and minimize its burdens to type 2 diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Mingfei Jin
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yingying Pan
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Fang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Medical 3D Printing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Medical 3D Printing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yazhou Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Medical 3D Printing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Targher G, Mantovani A, Byrne CD. Mechanisms and possible hepatoprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and other incretin receptor agonists in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:179-191. [PMID: 36620987 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretins that stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells in response to food ingestion. Modified GLP-1 and GIP peptides are potent agonists for their incretin receptors, and some evidence shows that the dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide is effective in promoting marked weight loss. GLP-1 receptor agonists signal in the CNS to suppress appetite, increase satiety, and thereby decrease calorie intake, but many other effects of incretin signalling have been recognised that are relevant to the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This Review provides an overview of the literature supporting the notion that endogenous incretins and incretin-receptor agonist treatments are important not only for decreasing risk of developing NAFLD, but also for treating NAFLD and NAFLD-related complications. We discuss incretin signalling and related incretin-receptor agonist treatments, mechanisms in key relevant tissues affecting liver disease, and clinical data from randomised controlled trials. Finally, we present future perspectives in this rapidly developing field of research and clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Boer GA, Hay DL, Tups A. Obesity pharmacotherapy: incretin action in the central nervous system. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:50-63. [PMID: 36462999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rising, creating an urgent need for efficacious therapies. Recent clinical trials show that tirzepatide, a dual agonist of receptors for the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), yields more weight loss than selective GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists. Incretin receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) may contribute to these effects. Yet exactly how each receptor regulates body weight from within the CNS is not clearly understood. It remains especially unclear how GIP receptor (GIPR) signalling contributes to the effects of tirzepatide because both stimulation and inhibition of CNS GIPRs yield weight loss in preclinical models. We summarise current knowledge on CNS incretin receptor pharmacology to provide insight into the potential mechanisms of action of dual GIPR/GLP-1R agonists, with tirzepatide as the exemplar. In addition, we discuss recent developments in incretin-based dual- and tri-agonism for inducing weight loss in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geke Aline Boer
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bakker W, Imbernon M, Salinas CG, Moro Chao DH, Hassouna R, Morel C, Martin C, Leger C, Denis RG, Castel J, Peter A, Heni M, Maetzler W, Nielsen HS, Duquenne M, Schwaninger M, Lundh S, Johan Hogendorf WF, Gangarossa G, Secher A, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Pedersen TÅ, Prevot V, Luquet S. Acute changes in systemic glycemia gate access and action of GLP-1R agonist on brain structures controlling energy homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111698. [PMID: 36417883 PMCID: PMC9715912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) long-acting analogs and insulin are often used in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Both insulin and GLP-1 receptors are expressed in metabolically relevant brain regions, suggesting a cooperative action. However, the mechanisms underlying the synergistic actions of insulin and GLP-1R agonists remain elusive. In this study, we show that insulin-induced hypoglycemia enhances GLP-1R agonists entry in hypothalamic and area, leading to enhanced whole-body fat oxidation. Mechanistically, this phenomenon relies on the release of tanycyctic vascular endothelial growth factor A, which is selectively impaired after calorie-rich diet exposure. In humans, low blood glucose also correlates with enhanced blood-to-brain passage of insulin, suggesting that blood glucose gates the passage other energy-related signals in the brain. This study implies that the preventing hyperglycemia is important to harnessing the full benefit of GLP-1R agonist entry in the brain and action onto lipid mobilization and body weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wineke Bakker
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France,Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark,Corresponding author
| | - Monica Imbernon
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, EGID, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Casper Gravesen Salinas
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark,Image Analysis & Computer Graphics, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Rim Hassouna
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Chloe Morel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Leger
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphael G.P. Denis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France,Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany,Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Manon Duquenne
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, EGID, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sofia Lundh
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anna Secher
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hecksher-Sørensen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark,Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Vincent Prevot
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, EGID, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang X, Li H. Chronic high-fat diet induces overeating and impairs synaptic transmission in feeding-related brain regions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019446. [PMID: 36226318 PMCID: PMC9549200 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to overeating, which can exacerbate unhealthy weight gain. However, the mechanisms for mediating such linkages are elusive. In the current study, we hypothesized that synaptic remodeling occurs in feeding-related brain regions of obese mice. To investigate this, we established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and observed that these mice consumed excessive calories. The effect of chronic HFD feeding on lipid droplet accumulation in different brain structures was also investigated. We found that lipid droplets accumulated on the ependyma of the third ventricle (3V), which is surrounded by key areas of the hypothalamus that are involved in feeding. Then, the spontaneous synaptic activity of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) was recorded in these hypothalamic areas. HFD induced a decreased amplitude of mEPSC in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), meanwhile, increased the frequency in the VMH. In addition, HFD reduced the frequency of mIPSC in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and increased the amplitude of mIPSC in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Subsequently, we also measured the synaptic activity of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons, which play a vital role in the hedonic aspect of eating, and discovered that HFD diminished the frequency of both mEPSC and mIPSC in the NAc. These findings suggest that chronic HFD feeding leads to lipid accumulation and synaptic dysfunction in specific brain regions, which are associated with energy homeostasis and reward regulation, and these impairments may lead to the overeating of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wang,
| | - Haohong Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Ministry of Education (MoE) Frontier Research Center of Brain and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Haohong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hoffman S, Alvares D, Adeli K. GLP-1 attenuates intestinal fat absorption and chylomicron production via vagal afferent nerves originating in the portal vein. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101590. [PMID: 36067913 PMCID: PMC9486018 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective GLP-1R agonists have been shown to reduce fasting and postprandial plasma lipids, both of which are independent risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. However, how endogenous GLP-1 – which is rapidly degraded – modulates intestinal and hepatic lipid metabolism is less clear. A vagal gut-brain-axis originating in the portal vein has been proposed as a possible mechanism for GLP-1’s anti-lipemic effects. Here we sought to examine the relationship between vagal GLP-1 signalling and intestinal lipid absorption and lipoprotein production. Methods Syrian golden hamsters or C57BL/6 mice received portal vein injections of GLP-1(7-36), and postprandial and fasting plasma TG, TRL TG, or VLDL TG were examined. These experiments were repeated during sympathetic blockade, and under a variety of pharmacological or surgical deafferentation techniques. In addition, hamsters received nodose ganglia injections of a GLP-1R agonist or antagonist to further probe the vagal pathway. Peripheral studies were repeated in a novel GLP-1R KO hamster model and in our diet-induced hamster models of insulin resistance. Results GLP-1(7-36) site-specifically reduced postprandial and fasting plasma lipids in both hamsters and mice. These inhibitory effects of GLP-1 were investigated via pharmacological and surgical denervation experiments and found to be dependent on intact afferent vagal signalling cascades and efferent changes in sympathetic tone. Furthermore, GLP-1R agonism in the nodose ganglia resulted in markedly reduced postprandial plasma TG and TRL TG, and fasting VLDL TG and this nodose GLP-1R activity was essential for portal GLP-1s effect. Notably, portal and nodose ganglia GLP-1 effects were lost in GLP-1R KO hamsters and following diet-induced insulin resistance. Conclusion Our data demonstrates for the first time that portal GLP-1 modulates postprandial and fasting lipids via a complex vagal gut–brain–liver axis. Importantly, loss or interference with this signalling axis via surgical, pharmacological, or dietary intervention resulted in the loss of portal GLP-1s anti-lipemic effects. This supports emerging evidence that native GLP-1 works primarily through a vagal neuroendocrine mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hoffman
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Danielle Alvares
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nampoothiri S, Nogueiras R, Schwaninger M, Prevot V. Glial cells as integrators of peripheral and central signals in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:813-825. [PMID: 35879459 PMCID: PMC7613794 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Communication between the periphery and the brain is key for maintaining energy homeostasis. To do so, peripheral signals from the circulation reach the brain via the circumventricular organs (CVOs), which are characterized by fenestrated vessels lacking the protective blood-brain barrier (BBB). Glial cells, by virtue of their plasticity and their ideal location at the interface of blood vessels and neurons, participate in the integration and transmission of peripheral information to neuronal networks in the brain for the neuroendocrine control of whole-body metabolism. Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, can disrupt the brain-to-periphery communication mediated by glial cells, highlighting the relevance of these cell types in the pathophysiology of such complications. An improved understanding of how glial cells integrate and respond to metabolic and humoral signals has become a priority for the discovery of promising therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic disorders. This Review highlights the role of glial cells in the exchange of metabolic signals between the periphery and the brain that are relevant for the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekala Nampoothiri
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigation Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrition, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|