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Auler PA, Lemos MDS, Porto NP, Mendes KDR, Bret RSC, Daloso DM. Abscisic acid-mediated guard cell metabolism regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108889. [PMID: 38954945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial for plant water deficit (WD) acclimation, but how the interplay between ABA and guard cell (GC) metabolism aids plant WD acclimation remains unclear. Here, we investigated how ABA regulates GC metabolism and how this contributes to plant WD acclimation using tomato wild type (WT) and the ABA-deficient sitiens mutant. These genotypes were characterized at physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional levels under recurring WD periods and were used to perform a13C-glucose labelling experiment using isolated guard cells following exogenously applied ABA. ABA deficiency altered the level of sugars and organic acids in GCs in both irrigated and WD plants and the dynamic of accumulation/degradation of these compounds in GCs during the dark-to-light transition. WD-induced metabolic changes were more pronounced in sitiens than WT GCs. Results from the 13C-labelling experiment indicate that ABA is required for the glycolytic fluxes toward malate and acts as a negative regulator of a putative sucrose substrate cycle. The expression of key ABA-biosynthetic genes was higher in WT than in sitiens GCs after two cycles of WD. Additionally, the intrinsic leaf water use efficiency increased only in WT after the second WD cycle, compared to sitiens. Our results highlight that ABA deficiency disrupts the homeostasis of GC primary metabolism and the WD memory, negatively affecting plant WD acclimation. Our study demonstrates which metabolic pathways are activated by WD and/or regulated by ABA in GCs, which improves our understanding of plant WD acclimation, with clear consequences for plant metabolic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila A Auler
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Moaciria de S Lemos
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nicole P Porto
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Kellyane da R Mendes
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raissa S C Bret
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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2
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Rakhmankulova Z, Shuyskaya E, Prokofieva M, Toderich K, Saidova L, Lunkova N, Voronin P. Drought Has a Greater Negative Effect on the Growth of the C 3Chenopodium quinoa Crop Halophyte than Elevated CO 2 and/or High Temperature. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1666. [PMID: 38931098 PMCID: PMC11207731 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are predicted to be affected by rising CO2 concentrations, drought and temperature stress. The C3 crop model in a changing climate is Chenopodium quinoa Willd-a protein-rich pseudohalphyte (Amaranthaceae). Morphophysiological, biochemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on quinoa grown at ambient (400 ppm, aCO2) and elevated (800 ppm, eCO2) CO2 concentrations, drought (D) and/or high temperature (eT) treatments. Among the single factors, drought caused the greatest stress response, inducing disturbances in the light and dark photosynthesis reactions (PSII, apparent photosynthesis) and increasing oxidative stress (MDA). Futhermore, compensation mechanisms played an important protective role against eT or eCO2. The disruption of the PSII function was accompanied by the activation of the expression of PGR5, a gene of PSI cyclic electron transport (CET). Wherein under these conditions, the constant Rubisco content was maintained due to an increase in its biosynthesis, which was confirmed by the activation of rbcL gene expression. In addition, the combined stress treatments D+eT and eCO2+D+eT caused the greatest negative effect, as measured by increased oxidative stress, decreased water use efficiency, and the functioning of protective mechanisms, such as photorespiration and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, decreased PSII efficiency and increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were not accompanied by the activation of protective mechanisms involving PSI CET. In summary, results show that the greatest stress experienced by C. quinoa plants was caused by drought and the combined stresses D+eT and eCO2+D+eT. Thus, drought consistently played a decisive role, leading to increased oxidative stress and a decrease in defense mechanism effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfira Rakhmankulova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Elena Shuyskaya
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Maria Prokofieva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Kristina Toderich
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Luizat Saidova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Nina Lunkova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Pavel Voronin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
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3
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Geilfus CM, Zörb C, Jones JJ, Wimmer MA, Schmöckel SM. Water for agriculture: more crop per drop. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:499-507. [PMID: 38773740 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Global crop production in agriculture depends on water availability. Future scenarios predict increasing occurrence of flash floods and rapidly developing droughts accompanied by heatwaves in humid regions that rely on rain-fed agriculture. It is challenging to maintain high crop yields, even in arid and drought-prone regions that depend on irrigation. The average water demand of crops varies significantly, depending on plant species, development stage, and climate. Most crops, such as maize and wheat, require relatively more water during the vegetative phase compared to the ripening phase. In this review, we explain WUE and options to improve water use and thus crop yield. Nutrient management might represent another possibility to manipulate water uptake and use by plants. An emerging topic involves agroforest co-cultivation, where trees in the system facilitate water transfer through hydraulic lift, benefiting neighbouring crops. Other options to enhance crop yield per water use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Geilfus
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - C Zörb
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J J Jones
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Wimmer
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S M Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Zhang F, Wang C, Yao J, Xing C, Xu K, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Qiao Q, Dong H, Han C, Lin L, Zhang S, Huang X. PbHsfC1a-coordinates ABA biosynthesis and H 2O 2 signalling pathways to improve drought tolerance in Pyrus betulaefolia. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1177-1197. [PMID: 38041554 PMCID: PMC11022796 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have had a substantial impact on fruit crop output and quality. Plants have evolved an efficient immune system to combat abiotic stress, which employs reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate the downstream defence response signals. Although an aquaporin protein encoded by PbPIP1;4 is identified from transcriptome analysis of Pyrus betulaefolia plants under drought treatments, little attention has been paid to the role of PIP and ROS in responding to abiotic stresses in pear plants. In this study, we discovered that overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in pear callus improved tolerance to oxidative and osmotic stresses by reconstructing redox homeostasis and ABA signal pathways. PbPIP1;4 overexpression enhanced the transport of H2O2 into pear and yeast cells. Overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in Arabidopsis plants mitigates the stress effects caused by adding ABA, including stomatal closure and reduction of seed germination and seedling growth. Overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in Arabidopsis plants decreases drought-induced leaf withering. The PbPIP1;4 promoter could be bound and activated by TF PbHsfC1a. Overexpression of PbHsfC1a in Arabidopsis plants rescued the leaf from wilting under drought stress. PbHsfC1a could bind to and activate AtNCED4 and PbNCED4 promoters, but the activation could be inhibited by adding ABA. Besides, PbNCED expression was up-regulated under H2O2 treatment but down-regulated under ABA treatment. In conclusion, this study revealed that PbHsfC1a is a positive regulator of abiotic stress, by targeting PbPIP1;4 and PbNCED4 promoters and activating their expression to mediate redox homeostasis and ABA biosynthesis. It provides valuable information for breeding drought-resistant pear cultivars through gene modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia‐Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Caihua Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qinghai Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huizhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chenyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Likun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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5
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Mills C, Bartlett MK, Buckley TN. The poorly-explored stomatal response to temperature at constant evaporative demand. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38602407 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Changes in leaf temperature are known to drive stomatal responses, because the leaf-to-air water vapour gradient (Δw) increases with temperature if ambient vapour pressure is held constant, and stomata respond to changes in Δw. However, the direct response of stomata to temperature (DRST; the response when Δw is held constant by adjusting ambient humidity) has been examined far less extensively. Though the meagre available data suggest the response is usually positive, results differ widely and defy broad generalisation. As a result, little is known about the DRST. This review discusses the current state of knowledge about the DRST, including numerous hypothesised biophysical mechanisms, potential implications of the response for plant adaptation, and possible impacts of the DRST on plant-atmosphere carbon and water exchange in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Mills
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Megan K Bartlett
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
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6
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Peláez-Vico MÁ, Zandalinas SI, Devireddy AR, Sinha R, Mittler R. Systemic stomatal responses in plants: Coordinating development, stress, and pathogen defense under a changing climate. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1171-1184. [PMID: 38164061 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
To successfully survive, develop, grow and reproduce, multicellular organisms must coordinate their molecular, physiological, developmental and metabolic responses among their different cells and tissues. This process is mediated by cell-to-cell, vascular and/or volatile communication, and involves electric, chemical and/or hydraulic signals. Within this context, stomata serve a dual role by coordinating their responses to the environment with their neighbouring cells at the epidermis, but also with other stomata present on other parts of the plant. As stomata represent one of the most important conduits between the plant and its above-ground environment, as well as directly affect photosynthesis, respiration and the hydraulic status of the plant by controlling its gas and vapour exchange with the atmosphere, coordinating the overall response of stomata within and between different leaves and tissues plays a cardinal role in plant growth, development and reproduction. Here, we discuss different examples of local and systemic stomatal coordination, the different signalling pathways that mediate them, and the importance of systemic stomatal coordination to our food supply, ecosystems and weather patterns, under our changing climate. We further discuss the potential biotechnological implications of regulating systemic stomatal responses for enhancing agricultural productivity in a warmer and CO2 -rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences, University Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Amith R Devireddy
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ranjita Sinha
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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7
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Lo Presti D, Cimini S, De Tommasi F, Massaroni C, Cinti S, De Gara L, Schena E. Flexible Matrices for the Encapsulation of Plant Wearable Sensors: Influence of Geometric and Color Features on Photosynthesis and Transpiration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1611. [PMID: 38475147 DOI: 10.3390/s24051611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The safeguarding of plant health is vital for optimizing crop growth practices, especially in the face of the biggest challenges of our generation, namely the environmental crisis and the dramatic changes in the climate. Among the many innovative tools developed to address these issues, wearable sensors have recently been proposed for monitoring plant growth and microclimates in a sustainable manner. These systems are composed of flexible matrices with embedded sensing elements, showing promise in revolutionizing plant monitoring without being intrusive. Despite their potential benefits, concerns arise regarding the effects of the long-term coexistence of these devices with the plant surface. Surprisingly, a systematic analysis of their influence on plant physiology is lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of the color and geometric features of flexible matrices on two key plant physiological functions: photosynthesis and transpiration. Our findings indicate that the negative effects associated with colored substrates, as identified in recent research, can be minimized by holing the matrix surface with a percentage of voids of 15.7%. This approach mitigates interference with light absorption and reduces water loss to a negligible extent, making our work one of the first pioneering efforts in understanding the intricate relationship between plant wearables' features and plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Vial Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Tommasi
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Vial Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Vial Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- The Nano(bio)sensors Lab, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Vial Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
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8
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Zait Y, Joseph A, Assmann SM. Stomatal responses to VPD utilize guard cell intracellular signaling components. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1351612. [PMID: 38375078 PMCID: PMC10875092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1351612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal pores, vital for CO2 uptake and water loss regulation in plants, are formed by two specialized guard cells. Despite their importance, there is limited understanding of how guard cells sense and respond to changes in vapor pressure difference (VPD). This study leverages a selection of CO2 hyposensitive and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling mutants in Arabidopsis, including heterotrimeric G protein mutants and RLK (receptor-like kinase) mutants, along with a variety of canola cultivars to delve into the intracellular signaling mechanisms prompting stomatal closure in response to high VPD. Stomatal conductance response to step changes in VPD was measured using the LI-6800F gas exchange system. Our findings highlight that stomatal responses to VPD utilize intracellular signaling components. VPD hyposensitivity was particularly evident in mutants of the ht1 (HIGH LEAF TEMPERATURE1) gene, which encodes a protein kinase expressed mainly in guard cells, and in gpa1-3, a null mutant of the sole canonical heterotrimeric Gα subunit, previously implicated in stomatal signaling. Consequently, this research identifies a nexus in the intricate relationships between guard cell signal perception, stomatal conductance, environmental humidity, and CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Zait
- Biology Department, Penn State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, United States
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Joseph
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, United States
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Binstock BR, Manandhar A, McAdam SAM. Characterizing the breakpoint of stomatal response to vapor pressure deficit in an angiosperm. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:732-740. [PMID: 37850913 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Vapor pressure difference between the leaf and atmosphere (VPD) is the most important regulator of daytime transpiration, yet the mechanism driving stomatal responses to an increase in VPD in angiosperms remains unresolved. Here, we sought to characterize the mechanism driving stomatal closure at high VPD in an angiosperm species, particularly testing whether abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis could explain the observation of a trigger point for stomatal sensitivity to an increase in VPD. We tracked leaf gas exchange and modeled leaf water potential (Ψl) in leaves exposed to a range of step-increases in VPD in the herbaceous species Senecio minimus Poir. (Asteraceae). We found that mild increases in VPD in this species did not induce stomatal closure because modeled Ψl did not decline below a threshold close to turgor loss point (Ψtlp), but when leaves were exposed to a large increase in VPD, stomata closed as modeled Ψl declined below Ψtlp. Leaf ABA levels were higher in leaves exposed to a step-increase in VPD that caused Ψl to transiently decline below Ψtlp and in which stomata closed compared with leaves in which stomata did not close. We conclude that the stomata of S. minimus are insensitive to VPD until Ψl declines to a threshold that triggers the biosynthesis of ABA and that this mechanism might be common to angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Binstock
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Anju Manandhar
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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10
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Hou S, Rodrigues O, Liu Z, Shan L, He P. Small holes, big impact: Stomata in plant-pathogen-climate epic trifecta. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:26-49. [PMID: 38041402 PMCID: PMC10872522 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of stomatal aperture opening and closure represents an evolutionary battle between plants and pathogens, characterized by adaptive strategies that influence both plant resistance and pathogen virulence. The ongoing climate change introduces further complexity, affecting pathogen invasion and host immunity. This review delves into recent advances on our understanding of the mechanisms governing immunity-related stomatal movement and patterning with an emphasis on the regulation of stomatal opening and closure dynamics by pathogen patterns and host phytocytokines. In addition, the review explores how climate changes impact plant-pathogen interactions by modulating stomatal behavior. In light of the pressing challenges associated with food security and the unpredictable nature of climate changes, future research in this field, which includes the investigation of spatiotemporal regulation and engineering of stomatal immunity, emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience and contributing to climate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China.
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INP-PURPAN, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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11
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Benitez-Alfonso Y, Soanes BK, Zimba S, Sinanaj B, German L, Sharma V, Bohra A, Kolesnikova A, Dunn JA, Martin AC, Khashi U Rahman M, Saati-Santamaría Z, García-Fraile P, Ferreira EA, Frazão LA, Cowling WA, Siddique KHM, Pandey MK, Farooq M, Varshney RK, Chapman MA, Boesch C, Daszkowska-Golec A, Foyer CH. Enhancing climate change resilience in agricultural crops. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1246-R1261. [PMID: 38052178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change threatens global food and nutritional security through negative effects on crop growth and agricultural productivity. Many countries have adopted ambitious climate change mitigation and adaptation targets that will exacerbate the problem, as they require significant changes in current agri-food systems. In this review, we provide a roadmap for improved crop production that encompasses the effective transfer of current knowledge into plant breeding and crop management strategies that will underpin sustainable agriculture intensification and climate resilience. We identify the main problem areas and highlight outstanding questions and potential solutions that can be applied to mitigate the impacts of climate change on crop growth and productivity. Although translation of scientific advances into crop production lags far behind current scientific knowledge and technology, we consider that a holistic approach, combining disciplines in collaborative efforts, can drive better connections between research, policy, and the needs of society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth K Soanes
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sibongile Zimba
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Horticulture Department, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Besiana Sinanaj
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Liam German
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Anastasia Kolesnikova
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jessica A Dunn
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Azahara C Martin
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Muhammad Khashi U Rahman
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain
| | - Zaki Saati-Santamaría
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain
| | - Evander A Ferreira
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária 1000, 39404547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidivan A Frazão
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária 1000, 39404547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wallace A Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Waheed A, Haxim Y, Islam W, Ahmad M, Muhammad M, Alqahtani FM, Hashem M, Salih H, Zhang D. Climate change reshaping plant-fungal interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117282. [PMID: 37783329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases pose a severe threat to modern agriculture, necessitating effective and lasting control solutions. Environmental factors significantly shape plant ecology. Human-induced greenhouse gas emissions have led to global temperature rise, impacting various aspects, including carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, temperature, ozone (O3), and ultraviolet-B, all of which influence plant diseases. Altered pathogen ranges can accelerate disease transmission. This review explores environmental effects on plant diseases, with climate change affecting fungal biogeography, disease incidence, and severity, as well as agricultural production. Moreover, we have discussed how climate change influences pathogen development, host-fungal interactions, the emergence of new races of fungi, and the dissemination of emerging fungal diseases across the globe. The discussion about environment-mediated impact on pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and RNA interference (RNAi) is also part of this review. In conclusion, the review underscores the critical importance of understanding how climate change is reshaping plant-fungal interactions. It highlights the need for continuous research efforts to elucidate the mechanisms driving these changes and their ecological consequences. As the global climate continues to evolve, it is imperative to develop innovative strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of fungal pathogens on plant health and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Yakoopjan Haxim
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | | | - Murad Muhammad
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Fatmah M Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haron Salih
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Resource Utilization in Arid Areas, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan, 838008, China.
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13
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Burkhardt J, Zinsmeister D, Roth-Nebelsick A, Hüging H, Pariyar S. Ambient aerosols increase stomatal transpiration and conductance of hydroponic sunflowers by extending the hydraulic system to the leaf surface. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1275358. [PMID: 38098798 PMCID: PMC10720890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1275358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Many atmospheric aerosols are hygroscopic and play an important role in cloud formation. Similarly, aerosols become sites of micro-condensation when they deposit to the upper and lower surfaces of leaves. Deposited salts, in particular can trigger condensation at humidities considerably below atmospheric saturation, according to their hygroscopicity and the relative humidity within the leaf boundary layer. Salt induced water potential gradients and the resulting dynamics of concentrated salt solutions can be expected to affect plant water relations. Methods Hydroponic sunflowers were grown in filtered (FA) and unfiltered, ambient air (AA). Sap flow was measured for 18 days and several indicators of incipient drought stress were studied. Results At 2% difference in mean vapor pressure deficit (D), AA sunflowers had 49% higher mean transpiration rates, lower osmotic potential, higher proline concentrations, and different tracer transport patterns in the leaf compared to FA sunflowers. Aerosols increased plant conductance particularly at low D. Discussion The proposed mechanism is that thin aqueous films of salt solutions from deliquescent deposited aerosols enter into stomata and cause an extension of the hydraulic system. This hydraulic connection leads - parallel to stomatal water vapor transpiration - to wick-like stomatal loss of liquid water and to a higher impact of D on plant water loss. Due to ample water supply by hydroponic cultivation, AA plants thrived as well as FA plants, but under more challenging conditions, aerosol deposits may make plants more susceptible to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Burkhardt
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Nutrition Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Zinsmeister
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Nutrition Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anita Roth-Nebelsick
- Department Palaeontology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hubert Hüging
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shyam Pariyar
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Nutrition Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Lu J, Dreyer I, Dickinson MS, Panzer S, Jaślan D, Navarro-Retamal C, Geiger D, Terpitz U, Becker D, Stroud RM, Marten I, Hedrich R. Vicia faba SV channel VfTPC1 is a hyperexcitable variant of plant vacuole Two Pore Channels. eLife 2023; 12:e86384. [PMID: 37991833 PMCID: PMC10665017 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To fire action-potential-like electrical signals, the vacuole membrane requires the two-pore channel TPC1, formerly called SV channel. The TPC1/SV channel functions as a depolarization-stimulated, non-selective cation channel that is inhibited by luminal Ca2+. In our search for species-dependent functional TPC1 channel variants with different luminal Ca2+ sensitivity, we found in total three acidic residues present in Ca2+ sensor sites 2 and 3 of the Ca2+-sensitive AtTPC1 channel from Arabidopsis thaliana that were neutral in its Vicia faba ortholog and also in those of many other Fabaceae. When expressed in the Arabidopsis AtTPC1-loss-of-function background, wild-type VfTPC1 was hypersensitive to vacuole depolarization and only weakly sensitive to blocking luminal Ca2+. When AtTPC1 was mutated for these VfTPC1-homologous polymorphic residues, two neutral substitutions in Ca2+ sensor site 3 alone were already sufficient for the Arabidopsis At-VfTPC1 channel mutant to gain VfTPC1-like voltage and luminal Ca2+ sensitivity that together rendered vacuoles hyperexcitable. Thus, natural TPC1 channel variants exist in plant families which may fine-tune vacuole excitability and adapt it to environmental settings of the particular ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Lu
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU), Biocenter, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsWürzburgGermany
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Universidad de Talca, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and ModelingTalcaChile
| | - Miles Sasha Dickinson
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Sabine Panzer
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU), Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Department of Biotechnology and BiophysicsWürzburgGermany
| | - Dawid Jaślan
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU), Biocenter, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsWürzburgGermany
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität, Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMunichGermany
| | - Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Universidad de Talca, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and ModelingTalcaChile
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU), Biocenter, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsWürzburgGermany
| | - Ulrich Terpitz
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU), Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Department of Biotechnology and BiophysicsWürzburgGermany
| | - Dirk Becker
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU), Biocenter, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsWürzburgGermany
| | - Robert M Stroud
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Irene Marten
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU), Biocenter, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsWürzburgGermany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU), Biocenter, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsWürzburgGermany
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15
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Ferguson JN, Jithesh T, Lawson T, Kromdijk J. Excised leaves show limited and species-specific effects on photosynthetic parameters across crop functional types. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6662-6676. [PMID: 37565685 PMCID: PMC10662226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is increasingly becoming a recognized target for crop improvement. Phenotyping photosynthesis-related traits on field-grown material is a key bottleneck to progress here due to logistical barriers and short measurement days. Many studies attempt to overcome these challenges by phenotyping excised leaf material in the laboratory. To date there are no demonstrated examples of the representative nature of photosynthesis measurements performed on excised leaves relative to attached leaves in crops. Here, we tested whether standardized leaf excision on the day prior to phenotyping affected a range of common photosynthesis-related traits across crop functional types using tomato (C3 dicot), barley (C3 monocot), and maize (C4 monocot). Potentially constraining aspects of leaf physiology that could be predicted to impair photosynthesis in excised leaves, namely leaf water potential and abscisic acid accumulation, were not different between attached and excised leaves. We also observed non-significant differences in spectral reflectance and chlorophyll fluorescence traits between the treatments across the three species. However, we did observe some significant differences between traits associated with gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity across all three species. This study represents a useful reference for those who perform measurements of this nature and the differences reported should be considered in associated experimental design and statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Ferguson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 3EA, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Tamanna Jithesh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 3EA, UK
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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16
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Liu S, Zenda T, Tian Z, Huang Z. Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111875. [PMID: 37810398 PMCID: PMC10557149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zaimin Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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17
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Wang H, Wang Y, Sang T, Lin Z, Li R, Ren W, Shen X, Zhao B, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhou S, Dai S, Hu H, Song CP, Wang P. Cell type-specific proteomics uncovers a RAF15-SnRK2.6/OST1 kinase cascade in guard cells. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2122-2137. [PMID: 37226855 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms such as plants contain various cell types with specialized functions. Analyzing the characteristics of each cell type reveals specific cell functions and enhances our understanding of organization and function at the organismal level. Guard cells (GCs) are specialized epidermal cells that regulate the movement of the stomata and gaseous exchange, and provide a model genetic system for analyzing cell fate, signaling, and function. Several proteomics analyses of GC are available, but these are limited in depth. Here we used enzymatic isolation and flow cytometry to enrich GC and mesophyll cell protoplasts and perform in-depth proteomics in these two major cell types in Arabidopsis leaves. We identified approximately 3,000 proteins not previously found in the GC proteome and more than 600 proteins that may be specific to GC. The depth of our proteomics enabled us to uncover a guard cell-specific kinase cascade whereby Raf15 and Snf1-related kinase2.6 (SnRK2.6)/OST1(open stomata 1) mediate abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. RAF15 directly phosphorylated SnRK2.6/OST1 at the conserved Ser175 residue in its activation loop and was sufficient to reactivate the inactive form of SnRK2.6/OST1. ABA-triggered SnRK2.6/OST1 activation and stomatal closure was impaired in raf15 mutants. We also showed enrichment of enzymes and flavone metabolism in GC, and consistent, dramatic accumulation of flavone metabolites. Our study answers the long-standing question of how ABA activates SnRK2.6/OST1 in GCs and represents a resource potentially providing further insights into the molecular basis of GC and mesophyll cell development, metabolism, structure, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubei Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian Sang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Shanghai Bioprofile Technology Company Ltd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weiwei Ren
- Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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18
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Rudall PJ. Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:1039-1050. [PMID: 37288594 PMCID: PMC10457030 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oriented patterning of epidermal cells is achieved primarily by transverse protodermal cell divisions perpendicular to the organ axis, followed by axial cell elongation. In linear leaves with parallel venation, most stomata are regularly aligned with the veins. This longitudinal patterning operates under a strong developmental constraint and has demonstrable physiological benefits, especially in grasses. However, transversely oriented stomata characterize a few groups, among both living angiosperms and extinct Mesozoic seed plants. SCOPE This review examines comparative and developmental data on stomatal patterning in a broad phylogenetic context, focusing on the evolutionary and ecophysiological significance of guard-cell orientation. It draws from a diverse range of literature to explore the pivotal roles of the plant growth hormone auxin in establishing polarity and chemical gradients that enable cellular differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Transverse stomata evolved iteratively in a few seed-plant groups during the Mesozoic era, especially among parasitic or xerophytic taxa, such as the hemiparasitic mistletoe genus Viscum and the xerophytic shrub Casuarina, indicating a possible link with ecological factors such as the Cretaceous CO2 decline and changing water availability. The discovery of this feature in some extinct seed-plant taxa known only from fossils could represent a useful phylogenetic marker.
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19
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Eyland D, Gambart C, Swennen R, Carpentier S. Unravelling the diversity in water usage among wild banana species in response to vapour pressure deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1068191. [PMID: 37670859 PMCID: PMC10475999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1068191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise in global temperature is not only affecting plant functioning directly, but is also increasing air vapour pressure deficit (VPD). The yield of banana is heavily affected by water deficit but so far breeding programs have never addressed the issue of water deficit caused by high VPD. A reduction in transpiration at high VPD has been suggested as a key drought tolerance breeding trait to avoid excessive water loss, hydraulic failure and to increase water use efficiency. In this study, stomatal and transpiration responses under increasing VPD at the leaf and whole-plant level of 8 wild banana (sub)species were evaluated, displaying significant differences in stomatal reactivity. Three different phenotypic groups were identified under increasing VPD. While (sub)species of group III maintained high transpiration rates under increasing VPD, M. acuminata ssp. errans (group I), M. acuminata ssp. zebrina (group II) and M. balbisiana (group II) showed the highest transpiration rate limitations to increasing VPD. In contrast to group I, group II only showed strong reductions at high VPD levels, limiting the cost of reduced photosynthesis and strongly increasing their water use efficiency. M. acuminata ssp. zebrina and M. balbisiana thus show the most favourable responses. This study provides a basis for the identification of potential parent material in gene banks for breeding future-proof bananas that cope better with lack of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eyland
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Clara Gambart
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rony Swennen
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Banana Breeding, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Bioversity International, Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Rowe J, Grangé-Guermente M, Exposito-Rodriguez M, Wimalasekera R, Lenz MO, Shetty KN, Cutler SR, Jones AM. Next-generation ABACUS biosensors reveal cellular ABA dynamics driving root growth at low aerial humidity. NATURE PLANTS 2023:10.1038/s41477-023-01447-4. [PMID: 37365314 PMCID: PMC10356609 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates under abiotic stress to recast water relations and development. To overcome a lack of high-resolution sensitive reporters, we developed ABACUS2s-next-generation Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors for ABA with high affinity, signal-to-noise ratio and orthogonality-that reveal endogenous ABA patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. We mapped stress-induced ABA dynamics in high resolution to reveal the cellular basis for local and systemic ABA functions. At reduced foliar humidity, root cells accumulated ABA in the elongation zone, the site of phloem-transported ABA unloading. Phloem ABA and root ABA signalling were both essential to maintain root growth at low humidity. ABA coordinates a root response to foliar stresses, enabling plants to maintain foraging of deeper soil for water uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rowe
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Rinukshi Wimalasekera
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Botany, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Martin O Lenz
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Anatomy Building, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sean R Cutler
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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21
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Hossain NI, Tabassum S. A hybrid multifunctional physicochemical sensor suite for continuous monitoring of crop health. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9848. [PMID: 37330620 PMCID: PMC10276867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports a first-of-its-kind hybrid wearable physicochemical sensor suite that we call PlantFit for simultaneous measurement of two key phytohormones, salicylic acid, and ethylene, along with vapor pressure deficit and radial growth of stem in live plants. The sensors are developed using a low-cost and roll-to-roll screen printing technology. A single integrated flexible patch that contains temperature, humidity, salicylic acid, and ethylene sensors, is installed on the leaves of live plants. The strain sensor with in-built pressure correction capability is wrapped around the plant stem to provide pressure-compensated stem diameter measurements. The sensors provide real-time information on plant health under different amounts of water stress conditions. The sensor suite is installed on bell pepper plants for 40 days and measurements of salicylic acid, ethylene, temperature, humidity, and stem diameter are recorded daily. In addition, sensors are installed on different parts of the same plant to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of water transport and phytohormone responses. Subsequent correlation and principal component analyses demonstrate the strong association between hormone levels, vapor pressure deficit, and water transport in the plant. Our findings suggest that the mass deployment of PlantFit in agricultural settings will aid growers in detecting water stress/deficiency early and in implementing early intervention measures to reduce stress-induced yield decline.
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22
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Shahwar D, Mushtaq Z, Mushtaq H, Alqarawi AA, Park Y, Alshahrani TS, Faizan S. Role of microbial inoculants as bio fertilizers for improving crop productivity: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16134. [PMID: 37255980 PMCID: PMC10225898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's population is increasing and is anticipated to spread 10 billion by 2050, and the issue of food security is becoming a global concern. To maintain global food security, it is essential to increase crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Conventional agricultural practices frequently use artificial/chemical fertilizers to enhance crop productivity, but these have numerous negative effects on the environment and people's health. To address these issues, researchers have been concentrating on substitute crop fertilization methods for many years, and biofertilizers as a crucial part of agricultural practices are quickly gaining popularity all over the globe. Biofertilizers are living formulations made of indigenous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which are substantial, environment-friendly, and economical biofertilizers for amassing crop productivity by enhancing plant development either directly or indirectly, and are the renewable source of plant nutrients and sustainable agronomy. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on microbial inoculants as biofertilizers, including their types, mechanisms of action, effects on crop productivity, challenges, and limitations associated with the use of microbial inoculants. In this review, we focused on the application of biofertilizers to agricultural fields in plant growth development by performing several activities like nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, phytohormone production, nutrient solubilization, and facilitating easy uptake by crop plants. Further, we discussed the indirect mechanism of PGPRs, in developing induced system resistance against pest and diseases, and as a biocontrol agent for phytopathogens. This review article presents a brief outline of the ideas and uses of microbial inoculants in improving crop productivity as well as a discussion of the challenges and limitations to use microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durre Shahwar
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Zeenat Mushtaq
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Humira Mushtaq
- Research and Training Center on Pollinators and Pollination Management Section, Division of Entomology, SKAUST, Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Younghoon Park
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, South Korea
| | - Thobayet S. Alshahrani
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahla Faizan
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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23
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Mehdi SMM, Szczesniak MW, Ludwików A. The Bro1-like domain-containing protein, AtBro1, modulates growth and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1157435. [PMID: 37251780 PMCID: PMC10213323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1157435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) affects plant physiology by altering gene expression, enabling plants to adapt to a wide range of environments. Plants have evolved protective mechanisms to allow seed germination in harsh conditions. Here, we explore a subset of these mechanisms involving the AtBro1 gene, which encodes one of a small family of poorly characterised Bro1-like domain-containing proteins, in Arabidopsis thaliana plants subjected to multiple abiotic stresses. AtBro1 transcripts were upregulated by salt, ABA and mannitol stress, while AtBro1-overexpression lines demonstrated robust tolerance to drought and salt stress. Furthermore, we found that ABA elicits stress-resistance responses in loss-of-function bro1-1 mutant plants and AtBro1 regulates drought resistance in Arabidopsis. When the AtBro1 promoter was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and introduced into plants, GUS was expressed mainly in rosette leaves and floral clusters, especially in anthers. Using a construct expressing an AtBro1-GFP fusion protein, AtBro1 was found to be localized in the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis protoplasts. A broad RNA-sequencing analysis revealed specific quantitative differences in the early transcriptional responses to ABA treatment between wild-type and loss-of-function bro1-1 mutant plants, suggesting that ABA stimulates stress-resistance responses via AtBro1. Additionally, transcripts levels of MOP9.5, MRD1, HEI10, and MIOX4 were altered in bro1-1 plants exposed to different stress conditions. Collectively, our results show that AtBro1 plays a significant role in the regulation of the plant transcriptional response to ABA and the induction of resistance responses to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Wojciech Szczesniak
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwików
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
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24
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He Y, Ding N, Yu G, Sunahara GI, Lin H, Zhang X, Ullah H, Liu J. High-resolution imaging of O 2 dynamics and metal solubilization in the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131580. [PMID: 37167872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The mobilization of trace metals in the rhizosphere can be affected by the redox potential, which is closely related to the O2 dynamics. This study examined the distributions of O2 and trace metals in the rhizosphere of the subaquatic hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz under chromium (Cr) stress using planar optodes and the diffusive gradients in thin films technique coupled with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The O2 concentrations and oxidized areas in the rhizosphere significantly increased with increases in the light intensity, air humidity, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations (p < 0.05). The O2 concentration first increased with increasing ambient temperatures, then decreased when the temperature increased from 25 to 32 ℃. The O2 concentration in the rhizosphere was significantly decreased under Cr stress (p < 0.05), with a prolonged response time to the altered ambient temperature. Cr stress led to decreased mobilities of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, V, W, and Zn in the rhizosphere, which were negatively correlated with the concentrations of O2. These results provide new insights into the role of changes in the O2 concentration induced by the roots of hyperaccumulator plants in controlling the mobility of trace metals in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Na Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Guo Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin University of Technology, 541000 Guilin, China.
| | - Geoffrey I Sunahara
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin University of Technology, 541000 Guilin, China.
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin University of Technology, 541000 Guilin, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin University of Technology, 541000 Guilin, China
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25
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Ning C, Yang Y, Chen Q, Zhao W, Zhou X, He L, Li L, Zong D, Chen J. An R2R3 MYB transcription factor PsFLP regulates the symmetric division of guard mother cells during stomatal development in Pisum sativum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13943. [PMID: 37260122 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcriptional regulators belong to one of the most significant transcription factors families in plants, among which R2R3-MYB transcription factors are involved in plant growth and development, hormone signal transduction, and stress response. Two R2R3-MYB transcription factors, FLP and its paralogous AtMYB88, redundantly regulate the symmetrical division of guard mother cells (GMCs), and abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Only one orthologue gene of FLP was identified in pea (Pisum sativum FLP; PsFLP). In this study, we explored the gene function of PsFLP by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. The phenotypic analysis displayed that the silencing of PsFLP expression led to the abnormal development of stomata and the emergence of multiple guard cells tightly united. In addition, the abnormal stomata of flp could be fully rescued by PsFLP driven by the FLP promoter. In conclusion, the results showed that PsFLP plays a conservative negative role in regulating the symmetric division of GMC during stomatal development. Based on real-time quantitative PCR, the relative expressions of AAO3, NCED3, and SnRK2.3 significantly increased in the flp pFLP::PsFLP plants compared to mutant, indicating that PsFLP might be involved in drought stress response. Thus, PsFLP regulates the genes related to cell cycle division during the stomatal development of peas and participates in response to drought stress. The study provides a basis for further research on its function and application in leguminous crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Ning
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yating Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiyi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiyue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zong
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Cai Z, Fu M, Yao Y, Chen Y, Song H, Zhang S. Differences in phytohormone and flavonoid metabolism explain the sex differences in responses of Salix rehderiana to drought and nitrogen deposition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:534-553. [PMID: 36790349 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to global warming and the increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, plants experience drought and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, little is known about the acclimation to drought and N deposition of Salix species, which are dioecious woody plants. Here, an investigation into foliar N deposition combined with drought was conducted by assessing integrated phenotypes, phytohormones, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of male and female Salix rehderiana. The results indicated that there was greater transcriptional regulation in males than in females. Foliar N deposition induced an increase in foliar abscisic acid (ABA) levels in males, resulting in the inhibition of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, carbon (C) and N accumulation, and growth, whereas more N was assimilated in females. Growth as well as C and N accumulation in drought-stressed S. rehderiana females increased after N deposition. Interestingly, drought decreased flavonoid biosynthesis whereas N deposition increased it in females. Both drought and N deposition increased flavonoid methylation in males and glycosylation in females. However, in drought-exposed S. rehderiana, N deposition increased the biosynthesis and glycosylation of flavonoids in females but decreased glycosylation in males. Therefore, foliar N deposition affects the growth and drought tolerance of S. rehderiana by altering the foliar ABA levels and the biosynthesis and modification of flavonoids. This work provides a basis for understanding how S. rehderiana may acclimate to N deposition and drought in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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27
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Huang S, Maierhofer T, Hashimoto K, Xu X, Karimi SM, Müller H, Geringer MA, Wang Y, Kudla J, De Smet I, Hedrich R, Geiger D, Roelfsema MRG. The CIPK23 protein kinase represses SLAC1-type anion channels in Arabidopsis guard cells and stimulates stomatal opening. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:270-282. [PMID: 36597715 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells control the opening of stomatal pores in the leaf surface, with the use of a network of protein kinases and phosphatases. Loss of function of the CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) was previously shown to decrease the stomatal conductance, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this response still need to be clarified. CIPK23 was specifically expressed in Arabidopsis guard cells, using an estrogen-inducible system. Stomatal movements were linked to changes in ion channel activity, determined with double-barreled intracellular electrodes in guard cells and with the two-electrode voltage clamp technique in Xenopus oocytes. Expression of the phosphomimetic variant CIPK23T190D enhanced stomatal opening, while the natural CIPK23 and a kinase-inactive CIPK23K60N variant did not affect stomatal movements. Overexpression of CIPK23T190D repressed the activity of S-type anion channels, while their steady-state activity was unchanged by CIPK23 and CIPK23K60N . We suggest that CIPK23 enhances the stomatal conductance at favorable growth conditions, via the regulation of several ion transport proteins in guard cells. The inhibition of SLAC1-type anion channels is an important facet of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sohail M Karimi
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Müller
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Geringer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Korte P, Unzner A, Damm T, Berger S, Krischke M, Mueller MJ. High triacylglycerol turnover is required for efficient opening of stomata during heat stress in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36976526 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress triggers the accumulation of triacylglycerols in Arabidopsis leaves, which increases basal thermotolerance. However, how triacylglycerol synthesis is linked to thermotolerance remains unclear and the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. It has been shown that triacylglycerol and starch degradation are required to provide energy for stomatal opening induced by blue light at dawn. To investigate whether triacylglycerol turnover is involved in heat-induced stomatal opening during the day, we performed feeding experiments with labeled fatty acids. Heat stress strongly induced both triacylglycerol synthesis and degradation to channel fatty acids destined for peroxisomal ß-oxidation through the triacylglycerol pool. Analysis of mutants defective in triacylglycerol synthesis or peroxisomal fatty acid uptake revealed that triacylglycerol turnover and fatty acid catabolism are required for heat-induced stomatal opening in illuminated leaves. We show that triacylglycerol turnover is continuous (1.2 mol% per min) in illuminated leaves even at 22°C. The ß-oxidation of triacylglycerol-derived fatty acids generates C2 carbon units that are channeled into the tricarboxylic acid pathway in the light. In addition, carbohydrate catabolism is required to provide oxaloacetate as an acceptor for peroxisomal acetyl-CoA and maintain the tricarboxylic acid pathway for energy and amino acid production during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Korte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Unzner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Damm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Berger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
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29
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Rasouli F, Kiani-Pouya A, Movahedi A, Wang Y, Li L, Yu M, Pourkheirandish M, Zhou M, Chen Z, Zhang H, Shabala S. Guard Cell Transcriptome Reveals Membrane Transport, Stomatal Development and Cell Wall Modifications as Key Traits Involved in Salinity Tolerance in Halophytic Chenopodium quinoa. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:204-220. [PMID: 36355785 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A comparative investigation was conducted to evaluate transcriptional changes in guard cells (GCs) of closely related halophytic (Chenopodium quinoa) and glycophytic (Spinacia oleracea) species. Plants were exposed to 3 weeks of 250 mM sodium chloride treatment, and GC-enriched epidermal fragments were mechanically prepared. In both species, salt-responsive genes were mainly related to categories of protein metabolism, secondary metabolites, signal transduction and transport systems. Genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and ABA biosynthesis were strongly induced in quinoa but not in spinach GCs. Also, expression of the genes encoding transporters of amino acids, proline, sugars, sucrose and potassium increased in quinoa GCs under salinity stress. Analysis of cell-wall-related genes suggests that genes involved in lignin synthesis (e.g. lignin biosynthesis LACCASE 4) were highly upregulated by salt in spinach GCs. In contrast, transcripts related to cell wall plasticity Pectin methylesterase3 (PME3) were highly induced in quinoa. Faster stomatal response to light and dark measured by observing kinetics of changes in stomatal conductance in quinoa might be associated with higher plasticity of the cell wall regulated by PME3 Furthermore, genes involved in the inhibition of stomatal development and differentiation were highly expressed by salt in quinoa, but not in spinach. These changes correlated with reduced stomatal density and index in quinoa, thus improving its water use efficiency. The fine modulation of transporters, cell wall modification and controlling stomatal development in GCs of quinoa may have resulted in high K+/Na+ ratio, lower stomatal conductance and higher stomatal speed for better adaptation to salinity stress in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rasouli
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Ali Kiani-Pouya
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Leiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Mohammad Pourkheirandish
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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30
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Chen G, Shi Y, Shen X, Zhang Y, Lu X, Li Y, Jin C, Wang J, Wu J. Guard cell anion channel PbrSLAC1 regulates stomatal closure through PbrSnRK2.3 protein kinases. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111487. [PMID: 36209939 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal pores on the leaf surface are the gateways for gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere, which is regulated mainly by the S-type anion channel SLAC1. However, the gene encoding the main S-type anion channel SLAC1 in pear and its genetic characteristics remain unknown. In this study, Pbr015894.1 was identified as the candidate for PbrSLAC1 in pear, and it was found to be expressed abundantly in leaves, particularly in the guard cells. Virus-induced gene silencing experiments indicated that stomatal closure was achieved by a change in cell turgor instigated by PbrSLAC1 channel transport of NO3- in pear leaves and induced by abscisic acid. Furthermore, the expression of PbrSLAC1 in Arabidopsis slac1-3 and slac1-4 rescued the defective NO3- transport seen in these mutants, pointing to its role in anion transport. Fluorescence microscopy suggested that PbrSLAC1 was localized in the plasma membrane, and a dual-luciferase assay system demonstrated an interaction between PbrSLAC1 and PbrSnRK2.3/2.8. Moreover, anion conductance mediated by PbrSLAC1 was activated by PbrSnRK2.3 in Xenopus laevis oocytes and the channel showed greater permeability for nitrate than chloride, sulfate, or malate ions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PbrSLAC1, an anion channel regulated by PbrSnRK2.3, is involved in stomatal closure by mediating the efflux of NO3- in pear leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China; Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yunyong Shi
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Xue Shen
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Cong Jin
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Jizhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Yang Z, Wang X, Feng J, Zhu S. Biological Functions of Hydrogen Sulfide in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315107. [PMID: 36499443 PMCID: PMC9736554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is a gasotransmitter, can be biosynthesized and participates in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. H2S also positively affects plants' adaptation to abiotic stresses. Here, we summarize the specific ways in which H2S is endogenously synthesized and metabolized in plants, along with the agents and methods used for H2S research, and outline the progress of research on the regulation of H2S on plant metabolism and morphogenesis, abiotic stress tolerance, and the series of different post-translational modifications (PTMs) in which H2S is involved, to provide a reference for future research on the mechanism of H2S action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jianrong Feng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Shuhua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence:
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Pieters A, Giese M, Schmierer M, Johnson K, Asch F. Chamber-based system for measuring whole-plant transpiration dynamics. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:243-253. [PMID: 37284431 PMCID: PMC10168032 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of our insights on whole-plant transpiration (E) are based on leaf-chamber measurements using water vapor porometers, IRGAs, or flux measurements. Gravimetric methods are integrative, accurate, and a clear differentiation between evaporation and E can be made. Water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the driving force for E but assessing its impact has been evasive, due to confounding effects of other climate drivers. We developed a chamber-based gravimetric method, in which whole plant response of E to VPD could be assessed, while keeping other environmental parameters at predetermined values. Stable VPD values (0.5-3.7 kPa) were attained within 5 min after changing flow settings and maintained for at least 45 min. Species differing in life form and photosynthetic metabolism were used. Typical runs covering the range of VPDs lasted up to 4 h, preventing acclimation responses or soilborne water deficit. Species-specific responses of E to VPD could be identified, as well as differences in leaf conductance. The combined gravimetric-chamber-based system presented overcomes several limitations of previous gravimetric set ups in terms of replicability, time, and elucidation of the impact of specific environmental drivers on E, filling a methodological gap and widening our phenotyping capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pieters
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans‐Ruthenberg Institute)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Marcus Giese
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans‐Ruthenberg Institute)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Marc Schmierer
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans‐Ruthenberg Institute)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Kristian Johnson
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans‐Ruthenberg Institute)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Folkard Asch
- Institute for Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans‐Ruthenberg Institute)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
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Liu H, Song S, Zhang H, Li Y, Niu L, Zhang J, Wang W. Signaling Transduction of ABA, ROS, and Ca 2+ in Plant Stomatal Closure in Response to Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314824. [PMID: 36499153 PMCID: PMC9736234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a global threat that affects agricultural production. Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies to cope with drought. Stomata are essential structures for plants to control water status and photosynthesis rate. Stomatal closure is an efficient way for plants to reduce water loss and improve survivability under drought conditions. The opening and closure of stomata depend on the turgor pressure in guard cells. Three key signaling molecules, including abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium ion (Ca2+), play pivotal roles in controlling stomatal closure. Plants sense the water-deficit signal mainly via leaves and roots. On the one hand, ABA is actively synthesized in root and leaf vascular tissues and transported to guard cells. On the other hand, the roots sense the water-deficit signal and synthesize CLAVATA3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION RELATED 25 (CLE25) peptide, which is transported to the guard cells to promote ABA synthesis. ABA is perceived by pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory components of ABA receptor (RCAR) receptors, which inactivate PP2C, resulting in activating the protein kinases SnRK2s. Many proteins regulating stomatal closure are activated by SnRK2s via protein phosphorylation. ABA-activated SnRK2s promote apoplastic ROS production outside of guard cells and transportation into the guard cells. The apoplastic H2O2 can be directly sensed by a receptor kinase, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-INDUCED CA2+ INCREASES1 (HPCA1), which induces activation of Ca2+ channels in the cytomembrane of guard cells, and triggers an increase in Ca2+ in the cytoplasm of guard cells, resulting in stomatal closure. In this review, we focused on discussing the signaling transduction of ABA, ROS, and Ca2+ in controlling stomatal closure in response to drought. Many critical genes are identified to have a function in stomatal closure under drought conditions. The identified genes in the process can serve as candidate genes for genetic engineering to improve drought resistance in crops. The review summarizes the recent advances and provides new insights into the signaling regulation of stomatal closure in response to water-deficit stress and new clues on the improvement of drought resistance in crops.
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Harris BJ, Clark JW, Schrempf D, Szöllősi GJ, Donoghue PCJ, Hetherington AM, Williams TA. Divergent evolutionary trajectories of bryophytes and tracheophytes from a complex common ancestor of land plants. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1634-1643. [PMID: 36175544 PMCID: PMC9630106 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The origin of plants and their colonization of land fundamentally transformed the terrestrial environment. Here we elucidate the basis of this formative episode in Earth history through patterns of lineage, gene and genome evolution. We use new fossil calibrations, a relative clade age calibration (informed by horizontal gene transfer) and new phylogenomic methods for mapping gene family origins. Distinct rooting strategies resolve tracheophytes (vascular plants) and bryophytes (non-vascular plants) as monophyletic sister groups that diverged during the Cambrian, 515-494 million years ago. The embryophyte stem is characterized by a burst of gene innovation, while bryophytes subsequently experienced an equally dramatic episode of reductive genome evolution in which they lost genes associated with the elaboration of vasculature and the stomatal complex. Overall, our analyses reveal that extant tracheophytes and bryophytes are both highly derived from a more complex ancestral land plant. Understanding the origin of land plants requires tracing character evolution across a diversity of modern lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan J Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - James W Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Dominik Schrempf
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely J Szöllősi
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE 'Lendület' Evolutionary Genomics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philip C J Donoghue
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Tom A Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Liu P, Fang Y, Tan X, Hu Z, Jin Y, Yi Z, He K, Wei C, Chen R, Zhao H. Local endocytosis of sucrose transporter 2 in duckweed reveals the role of sucrose transporter 2 in guard cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996618. [PMID: 36352881 PMCID: PMC9638040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The local endocytosis of membrane proteins is critical for many physiological processes in plants, including the regulation of growth, development, nutrient absorption, and osmotic stress response. Much of our knowledge on the local endocytosis of plasma membrane (PM) protein only focuses on the polar growth of pollen tubes in plants and neuronal axon in animals. However, the role of local endocytosis of PM proteins in guard cells has not yet been researched. Here, we first cloned duckweed SUT2 (sucrose transporter 2) protein and then conducted subcellular and histological localization of the protein. Our results indicated that LpSUT2 (Landoltia punctata 0202 SUT2) is a PM protein highly expressed on guard cells. In vitro experiments on WT (wild type) lines treated with high sucrose concentration showed that the content of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in guard cells increased and stomatal conductance decreased. We observed the same results in the lines after overexpression of the LpSUT2 gene with newfound local endocytosis of LpSUT2. The local endocytosis mainly showed that LpSUT2 was uniformly distributed on the PM of guard cells in the early stage of development, and was only distributed in the endomembrane of guard cells in the mature stage. Therefore, we found the phenomenon of guard cell LpSUT2 local endocytosis through the changes of duckweed stomata and concluded that LpSUT2 local endocytosis might be dependent on ROS accumulation in the development of duckweed guard cells. This paper might provide future references for the genetic improvement and water-use efficiency in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuolin Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaize He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuicui Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen Z, Li S, Wan X, Liu S. Strategies of tree species to adapt to drought from leaf stomatal regulation and stem embolism resistance to root properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926535. [PMID: 36237513 PMCID: PMC9552884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidences highlight the occurrence of increasing widespread tree mortality as a result of global climate change-associated droughts. However, knowledge about the mechanisms underlying divergent strategies of various tree species to adapt to drought has remained remarkably insufficient. Leaf stomatal regulation and embolism resistance of stem xylem serves as two important strategies for tree species to prevent hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, as comprising interconnected physiological mechanisms underlying drought-induced tree mortality. Hence, the physiological and anatomical determinants of leaf stomatal regulation and stems xylem embolism resistance are evaluated and discussed. In addition, root properties related to drought tolerance are also reviewed. Species with greater investment in leaves and stems tend to maintain stomatal opening and resist stem embolism under drought conditions. The coordination between stomatal regulation and stem embolism resistance are summarized and discussed. Previous studies showed that hydraulic safety margin (HSM, the difference between minimum water potential and that causing xylem dysfunction) is a significant predictor of tree species mortality under drought conditions. Compared with HSM, stomatal safety margin (the difference between water potential at stomatal closure and that causing xylem dysfunction) more directly merge stomatal regulation strategies with xylem hydraulic strategies, illustrating a comprehensive framework to characterize plant response to drought. A combination of plant traits reflecting species' response and adaptation to drought should be established in the future, and we propose four specific urgent issues as future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xianchong Wan
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Gámez-Arjona FM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Montesinos JC. The root apoplastic pH as an integrator of plant signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931979. [PMID: 36082302 PMCID: PMC9448249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrition, growth, and response to environmental stresses are pH-dependent processes that are regulated at the apoplastic and subcellular levels. The root apoplastic pH is especially sensitive to external cues and can also be modified by intracellular inputs, such as hormonal signaling. Optimal crosstalk of the mechanisms involved in the extent and span of the apoplast pH fluctuations promotes plant resilience to detrimental biotic and abiotic factors. The fact that variations in local pHs are a standard mechanism in different signaling pathways indicates that the pH itself can be the pivotal element to provide a physiological context to plant cell regions, allowing a proportional reaction to different situations. This review brings a collective vision of the causes that initiate root apoplastic pHs variations, their interaction, and how they influence root response outcomes.
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Burgos A, Miranda E, Vilaprinyo E, Meza-Canales ID, Alves R. CAM Models: Lessons and Implications for CAM Evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:893095. [PMID: 35812979 PMCID: PMC9260309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.893095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) by plants has been one of the most successful strategies in response to aridity. On the onset of climate change, expanding the use of water efficient crops and engineering higher water use efficiency into C3 and C4 crops constitute a plausible solution for the problems of agriculture in hotter and drier environments. A firm understanding of CAM is thus crucial for the development of agricultural responses to climate change. Computational models on CAM can contribute significantly to this understanding. Two types of models have been used so far. Early CAM models based on ordinary differential equations (ODE) reproduced the typical diel CAM features with a minimal set of components and investigated endogenous day/night rhythmicity. This line of research brought to light the preponderant role of vacuolar malate accumulation in diel rhythms. A second wave of CAM models used flux balance analysis (FBA) to better understand the role of CO2 uptake in flux distribution. They showed that flux distributions resembling CAM metabolism emerge upon constraining CO2 uptake by the system. We discuss the evolutionary implications of this and also how CAM components from unrelated pathways could have integrated along evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asdrubal Burgos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Enoc Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ester Vilaprinyo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iván David Meza-Canales
- Departamento de Ecología Aplicada, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica, ITRANS-CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rui Alves
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Miranda MT, Espinoza-Núñez E, Silva SF, Pereira L, Hayashi AH, Boscariol-Camargo RL, Carvalho SA, Machado EC, Ribeiro RV. Water stress signaling and hydraulic traits in three congeneric citrus species under water deficit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111255. [PMID: 35487664 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Morpho-physiological strategies to deal with water deficit vary among citrus species and the chemical signaling through ABA and anatomical, hydraulic, and physiological traits were evaluated in saplings of Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo and Valencia sweet orange. Trunk and roots of Swingle citrumelo presented lower vessel diameter and higher vessel frequency as compared to the other species. However, relative water content at the turgor loss point (RWCTLP), the osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψ0), the osmotic potential at the turgor loss point (ΨTLP), bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) and the xylem water potential when hydraulic conductivity is reduced by 50% (Ψ50) and 88% (Ψ88) indicated similar hydraulic traits among citrus species, with Rangpur lime showing the highest hydraulic safety margin. Roots of Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo were more water conductive than ones of Valencia sweet orange, which was linked to higher stomatal conductance. Chemical signaling through ABA prevented shoot dehydration in Rangpur lime under water deficit, with this species showing a more conservative stomatal behavior, sensing, and responding rapidly to low soil moisture. Taken together, our results suggest that Rangpur lime - the drought tolerant species - has an improved control of leaf water status due to chemical signaling and effective stomatal regulation for reducing water loss as well as decreased root hydraulic conductivity for saving water resources under limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela T Miranda
- Agronomic Institute (IAC), Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", P.O. Box 28, Campinas 13012-970, SP, Brazil; University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Erick Espinoza-Núñez
- Agronomic Institute (IAC), Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", P.O. Box 28, Campinas 13012-970, SP, Brazil; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Department of Horticulture, La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Simone F Silva
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pereira
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; Ulm University, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adriana H Hayashi
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio A Carvalho
- Agronomic Institute (IAC), Center of Citriculture Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Machado
- Agronomic Institute (IAC), Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", P.O. Box 28, Campinas 13012-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael V Ribeiro
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil.
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Miao R, Russinova E, Rodriguez PL. Tripartite hormonal regulation of plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:588-600. [PMID: 35034860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme activity of the plasma membrane (PM) proton pump, well known as arabidopsis PM H+-ATPase (AHA) in the model plant arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), is controlled by phosphorylation. Three different classes of phytohormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin regulate plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli, at least in part by modulating the activity of the pump through phosphorylation of the penultimate Thr residue in its carboxyl terminus. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding this tripartite hormonal AHA regulation and highlight mechanisms of activation and deactivation, as well as the significance of hormonal crosstalk. Understanding the complexity of PM H+-ATPase regulation in plants might provide new strategies for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Liang C, Li C, Wu J, Zhao M, Chen D, Liu C, Chu J, Zhang W, Hwang I, Wang M. SORTING NEXIN2 proteins mediate stomatal movement and the response to drought stress by modulating trafficking and protein levels of the ABA exporter ABCG25. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1603-1618. [PMID: 35384109 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates ion channel activity and stomatal movement in response to drought stress. Cellular ABA levels change depending on cellular and environmental conditions via modulation of its biosynthesis, catabolism and transport. Although factors involved in ABA biosynthesis and degradation have been studied extensively, how ABA transporters are modulated to fine-tune ABA levels, especially under drought stress, remains elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana SORTING NEXIN 2 (SNX2) proteins play a critical role in endosomal trafficking of the ABA exporter ATP BINDING CASETTE G25 (ABCG25) via direct interaction at endosomes, leading to its degradation in the vacuole. In agreement, snx2a and snx2b mutant plants showed enhanced recycling of GFP-ABCG25 from early endosomes to the plasma membrane and higher accumulation of GFP-ABCG25. Phenotypically, snx2a and snx2b plants were highly sensitive to exogenous ABA and displayed enhanced ABA-mediated inhibition of inward K+ currents and ABA-mediated activation of slow anion currents in guard cells, resulting in an increased tolerance to drought stress. Based on these results, we propose that SNX2 proteins play a crucial role in stomatal movement and tolerance to drought stress by modulating the endosomal trafficking of ABCG25 and thus cellular ABA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
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Abstract
Plant hormones are signalling compounds that regulate crucial aspects of growth, development and environmental stress responses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, cold and flooding, have profound effects on plant growth and survival. Adaptation and tolerance to such stresses require sophisticated sensing, signalling and stress response mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in understanding how diverse plant hormones control abiotic stress responses in plants and highlight points of hormonal crosstalk during abiotic stress signalling. Control mechanisms and stress responses mediated by plant hormones including abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene and gibberellins are discussed. We discuss new insights into osmotic stress sensing and signalling mechanisms, hormonal control of gene regulation and plant development during stress, hormone-regulated submergence tolerance and stomatal movements. We further explore how innovative imaging approaches are providing insights into single-cell and tissue hormone dynamics. Understanding stress tolerance mechanisms opens new opportunities for agricultural applications.
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Kim K, Choi BY, Kang J, Shim D, Martinoia E, Lee Y. Arabidopsis ABCG27 plays an essential role in flower and leaf development by modulating abscisic acid content. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13734. [PMID: 35699652 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that mediates stress responses and regulates plant development. Several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the G subfamily of ABC (ABCG) proteins have been reported to transport ABA. We investigated whether there are any other ABCG proteins that mediate plant developmental processes regulated by ABA in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The ABCG27 gene was upregulated in response to exogenous ABA treatment. The abcg27 knockout mutant exhibited two developmental defects: epinastic leaves and abnormally long pistils, which reduced fertility and silique length. ABCG27 expression was induced threefold when flower buds were exposed to exogenous ABA, and the promoter of ABCG27 had two ABA-responsive elements. ABA content in the pistil and true leaves were increased in the abcg27 knockout mutant. Detached abcg27 pistils exposed to exogenous ABA grew longer than those of the wild-type control. ABCG27 fused to GFP localized to the plasma membrane when expressed in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. A transcriptome analysis of the pistils and true leaves of the wild type and abcg27 knockout mutant revealed that the expression of organ development-related genes changed in the knockout mutant. In particular, the expression of trans-acting small interference (ta-si) RNA processing enzyme genes, which regulate flower and leaf development, was low in the knockout mutant. Together, these results suggest that ABCG27 most likely function as an ABA transporter at the plasma membrane, modulating ABA levels and thereby regulating the development of the pistils and leaves under normal, non-stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungyoon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bae Young Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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Daszkowska-Golec A. ABA is important not only under stress - revealed by the discovery of new ABA transporters. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:423-425. [PMID: 35249809 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports by Qin et al. and Zhang et al. cast light on long-distance abscisic acid (ABA) transport and demonstrate that ABA has a major impact on plant growth and physiology under both non-stress and stress conditions. Insights into ABA transport may provide a means to modulate the response of plants to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
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Nieves-Cordones M, Azeem F, Long Y, Boeglin M, Duby G, Mouline K, Hosy E, Vavasseur A, Chérel I, Simonneau T, Gaymard F, Leung J, Gaillard I, Thibaud JB, Véry AA, Boudaoud A, Sentenac H. Non-autonomous stomatal control by pavement cell turgor via the K+ channel subunit AtKC1. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2019-2037. [PMID: 35157082 PMCID: PMC9048897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stomata optimize land plants' photosynthetic requirements and limit water vapor loss. So far, all of the molecular and electrical components identified as regulating stomatal aperture are produced, and operate, directly within the guard cells. However, a completely autonomous function of guard cells is inconsistent with anatomical and biophysical observations hinting at mechanical contributions of epidermal origins. Here, potassium (K+) assays, membrane potential measurements, microindentation, and plasmolysis experiments provide evidence that disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana K+ channel subunit gene AtKC1 reduces pavement cell turgor, due to decreased K+ accumulation, without affecting guard cell turgor. This results in an impaired back pressure of pavement cells onto guard cells, leading to larger stomatal apertures. Poorly rectifying membrane conductances to K+ were consistently observed in pavement cells. This plasmalemma property is likely to play an essential role in K+ shuttling within the epidermis. Functional complementation reveals that restoration of the wild-type stomatal functioning requires the expression of the transgenic AtKC1 at least in the pavement cells and trichomes. Altogether, the data suggest that AtKC1 activity contributes to the building of the back pressure that pavement cells exert onto guard cells by tuning K+ distribution throughout the leaf epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Boeglin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Geoffrey Duby
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | | | - Alain Vavasseur
- CEA Cadarache DSV DEVM LEMS UMR 163, CNRS/CEA, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- INRA Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Frédéric Gaymard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jeffrey Leung
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
- Institut des biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-UM-ENSCM) Campus CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Ethanol Positively Modulates Photosynthetic Traits, Antioxidant Defense and Osmoprotectant Levels to Enhance Drought Acclimatization in Soybean. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030516. [PMID: 35326166 PMCID: PMC8944470 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental threat to agricultural productivity and food security across the world. Therefore, addressing the detrimental effects of drought on vital crops like soybean has a significant impact on sustainable food production. Priming plants with organic compounds is now being considered as a promising technique for alleviating the negative effects of drought on plants. In the current study, we evaluated the protective functions of ethanol in enhancing soybean drought tolerance by examining the phenotype, growth attributes, and several physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Our results showed that foliar application of ethanol (20 mM) to drought-stressed soybean plants increased biomass, leaf area per trifoliate, gas exchange features, water-use-efficiency, photosynthetic pigment contents, and leaf relative water content, all of which contributed to the improved growth performance of soybean under drought circumstances. Drought stress, on the other hand, caused significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, as well as an increase of electrolyte leakage in the leaves, underpinning the evidence of oxidative stress and membrane damage in soybean plants. By comparison, exogenous ethanol reduced the ROS-induced oxidative burden by boosting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and the content of total flavonoids in soybean leaves exposed to drought stress. Additionally, ethanol supplementation increased the contents of total soluble sugars and free amino acids in the leaves of drought-exposed plants, implying that ethanol likely employed these compounds for osmotic adjustment in soybean under water-shortage conditions. Together, our findings shed light on the ethanol-mediated protective mechanisms by which soybean plants coordinated different morphophysiological and biochemical responses in order to increase their drought tolerance.
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Rodrigues O, Shan L. Stomata in a state of emergency: H 2O 2 is the target locked. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:274-286. [PMID: 34756808 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movements are essential for plants to regulate photosynthesis rate, water status, and immunity. Upon stress stimulation, the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the apoplasts and its accumulation within the guard cells are among key determinatives for stomatal closure. The regulatory mechanisms of H2O2 production and transport under plant-pathogen interaction and drought stress response in stomata are important fields of research. Specifically, the regulation of NADPH oxidases and aquaporins appears to be crucial in H2O2-controlled stomatal closure. In this review, we summarize how the calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms activate RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH)D/F NADPH oxidases and the aquaporin PIP2;1 to induce stomatal closure, and highlight how the H2O2 production is targeted by pathogen toxins and effectors to counteract plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INP-PURPAN, F-31076 Toulouse, France.
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Live Imaging of Abscisic Acid Dynamics Using Genetically Encoded Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET )-Based ABA Biosensors. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2462:135-154. [PMID: 35152386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2156-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, growth, and development to maintain a balanced plant water status. Cellular ABA levels are regulated through the combined activities of biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport proteins and depend on the developmental stage, the cell-type and on environmental conditions. Genetically encoded Förster (fluorescence) Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based ABA-responsive biosensors enable the direct monitoring of ABA dynamics in intact plants. Thus, ABA biosensor-based in vivo imaging can provide novel insights about the spatiotemporal patterns of biosynthesis- and transport-dependent ABA dynamics that are required for the regulation of seed dormancy and germination, root growth and hydrotropism, and stomatal closure under water limiting conditions. Here, I describe a protocol for the in vivo analysis of ABA in 5-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings (roots) expressing the FRET-based ABA biosensor ABAleonSD1-3L21.
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Noronha H, Silva A, Silva T, Frusciante S, Diretto G, Gerós H. VviRafS5 Is a Raffinose Synthase Involved in Cold Acclimation in Grapevine Woody Tissues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:754537. [PMID: 35242147 PMCID: PMC8885518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) is a hallmark of plant response to different abiotic stresses, including cold. The synthesis of galactinol, by galactinol synthases (GolS), and raffinose, by raffinose synthases (RafS), are fundamental for stress-induced accumulation of RFOs, but the role of these enzymes in the cold response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) woody tissues is still unclear. To address this gap in the literature, 1-year-lignified grapevine canes were incubated at 4°C for 7 and 14 days and tissues were analyzed for sugar content and gene expression. Results showed that, in parallel to starch breakdown, there was an increase in soluble sugars, including sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, and stachyose. Remarkably, abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased during cold acclimation, which correlated with the increased expression of the key ABA-synthesis genes VviNCED2 and VviNCED3. Expression analysis of the VviGolS and VviRafS family allowed the identification of VviRafS5 as a key player in grapevine cold response. The overexpression of VviRafS5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae allowed the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein as a raffinose synthase with a size of ~87 kDa. In grapevine cultured cells, VviRafS5 was upregulated by cold and ABA but not by heat and salt stresses. Our results suggest that ABA accumulation in woody tissues during cold acclimation upregulates VivRafS5 leading to raffinose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Noronha
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Angélica Silva
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silva
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Casaccia Research Center, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Casaccia Research Center, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Engineering, Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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50
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Bashir SS, Hussain A, Hussain SJ, Wani OA, Zahid Nabi S, Dar NA, Baloch FS, Mansoor S. Plant drought stress tolerance: understanding its physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.2020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shanawaz Bashir
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjuman Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sofi Javed Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Owais Ali Wani
- Department of Soil Science, FoA, Wadura, Sopore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Shalimar Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Zahid Nabi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Niyaz A. Dar
- ARSSSS Pampore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
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