1
|
Liu Y, Li M, Fang Z, Gao S, Cheng W, Duan Y, Wang X, Feng J, Yu T, Zhang J, Wang T, Hu A, Zhang H, Rong Z, Shakila SS, Shang Y, Kong F, Liu J, Li Y, Ma F. Overexpressing S100A9 ameliorates NK cell dysfunction in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:117. [PMID: 38713229 PMCID: PMC11076447 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor (ER) positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer (ER+/HER2-BC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are two distinct breast cancer molecular subtypes, especially in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The TIME of TNBC is considered to be more inflammatory than that of ER+/HER2-BC. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play an important role of tumor eradication in TME. However, studies focusing on the different cell states of NK cells in breast cancer subtypes are still inadequate. METHODS In this study, single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk mRNA sequencing data from ER+/HER2-BC and TNBC were analyzed. Key regulator of NK cell suppression in ER+/HER2-BC, S100A9, was quantified by qPCR and ELISA in MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The prognosis predictability of S100A9 and NK activation markers was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analyses using TCGA-BRAC data. The phenotype changes of NK cells in ER+/HER2-BC after overexpressing S100A9 in cancer cells were evaluated by the production levels of IFN-gamma, perforin and granzyme B and cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS By analyzing scRNA-seq data, we found that multiple genes involved in cellular stress response were upregulated in ER+/HER2-BC compared with TNBC. Moreover, TLR regulation pathway was significantly enriched using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from comparing the transcriptome data of ER+/HER2-BC and TNBC cancer cells, and NK cell infiltration high/low groups. Among the DEGs, S100A9 was identified as a key regulator. Patients with higher expression levels of S100A9 and NK cell activation markers had better overall survival. Furthermore, we proved that overexpression of S100A9 in ER+/HER2-cells could improve cocultured NK cell function. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study we presented demonstrated that NK cells in ER+/HER2-BC were hypofunctional, and S100A9 was an important regulator of NK cell function in ER+BC. Our work contributes to elucidate the regulatory networks between cancer cells and NK cells and may provide theoretical basis for novel drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Mingcui Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhengbo Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Weilun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yunqiang Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jianyuan Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tianshui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Anbang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Rong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Suborna S Shakila
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuhang Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fanjing Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang N, Lin Y, Shen L, Song H, Huang W, Huang J, Chen F, Liu F, Wang J, Qiu Y, Shi B, Lin L, He B. Prognostic value of pretreatment lymphocyte percentage in oral cancer: A prospective cohort study. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2176-2187. [PMID: 37357359 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prognostic role of pretreatment lymphocyte percentage (LY%) for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS A large-scale prospective cohort study between July 2002 and March 2021 was conducted. Propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis were performed to adjust for potential confounders. Using random survival forest (RSF), the relative importance of pretreatment LY% in prognosis prediction was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 743 patients were enrolled and followed up (median: 2.75 years, interquartile range: 1.25-4.42 years). A high pretreatment LY% was significantly associated with better disease-specific survival of patients with OSCC (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 0.84). The same tendency was observed in PSM (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.85) and IPTW analysis (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.82). RSF showed that LY% ranked the fifth among importance ranking of all prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Pretreatment LY% showed a moderate predictive ability, suggesting it might be a valuable tool to predict prognosis for patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Liling Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Haoyuan Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Weihai Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Center, The Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chauhan SK, Dunn C, Andresen NK, Røssevold AH, Skorstad G, Sike A, Gilje B, Raj SX, Huse K, Naume B, Kyte JA. Peripheral immune cells in metastatic breast cancer patients display a systemic immunosuppressed signature consistent with chronic inflammation. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:30. [PMID: 38653982 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint show some efficacy in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) but are often hindered by immunosuppressive mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for personalized treatments, with peripheral blood monitoring representing a practical alternative to repeated biopsies. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive mass cytometry analysis of peripheral blood immune cells in 104 patients with HER2 negative mBC and 20 healthy donors (HD). We found that mBC patients had significantly elevated monocyte levels and reduced levels of CD4+ T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, when compared to HD. Furthermore, mBC patients had more effector T cells and regulatory T cells, increased expression of immune checkpoints and other activation/exhaustion markers, and a shift to a Th2/Th17 phenotype. Furthermore, T-cell phenotypes identified by mass cytometry correlated with functionality as assessed by IFN-γ production. Additional analysis indicated that previous chemotherapy and CDK4/6 inhibition impacted the numbers and phenotype of immune cells. From 63 of the patients, fresh tumor samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Paired PBMC-tumor analysis showed moderate correlations between peripheral CD4+ T and NK cells with their counterparts in tumors. Further, a CD4+ T cell cluster in PBMCs, that co-expressed multiple checkpoint receptors, was negatively associated with CD4+ T cell tumor infiltration. In conclusion, the identified systemic immune signatures indicate an immune-suppressed environment in mBC patients who had progressed/relapsed on standard treatments, and is consistent with ongoing chronic inflammation. These activated immuno-suppressive mechanisms may be investigated as therapeutic targets, and for use as biomarkers of response or treatment resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Dunn
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Kragøe Andresen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Hagen Røssevold
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjertrud Skorstad
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Sike
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Gilje
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sunil Xavier Raj
- Department of Oncology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kanutte Huse
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsilimigras DI, Endo Y, Ratti F, Marques HP, Cauchy F, Lam V, Poultsides GA, Popescu I, Alexandrescu S, Martel G, Kitago M, Guglielmi A, Hugh T, Aldrighetti L, Gleisner A, Shen F, Endo I, Pawlik TM. Perioperative Lymphopenia is Associated with Increased Risk of Recurrence and Worse Survival Following Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2568-2578. [PMID: 38180707 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune dysregulation may be associated with cancer progression. We sought to investigate the prognostic value of perioperative lymphopenia on short- and long-term outcomes among patients undergoing resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Patients undergoing resection of HCC between 2000 and 2020 were identified using an international database. The incidence and impact of perioperative lymphopenia [preoperative, postoperative day (POD) 1/3/5], defined as absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) <1000/μL, on short- and long-term outcomes was assessed. RESULTS Among 1448 patients, median preoperative ALC was 1593/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 1208-2006]. The incidence of preoperative lymphopenia was 14.0%, and 50.2%, 45.1% and 35.6% on POD1, POD3 and POD5, respectively. Preoperative lymphopenia predicted 5-year overall survival (OS) [lymphopenia vs. no lymphopenia: 49.1% vs. 66.1%] and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) [25.0% vs. 41.5%] (both p < 0.05). Lymphopenia on POD1 (5-year OS: 57.1% vs. 71.2%; 5-year DFS: 30.0% vs. 41.1%), POD3 (5-year OS: 57.3% vs. 68.9%; 5-year DFS: 35.4% vs. 42.7%), and POD5 (5-year OS: 53.1% vs. 66.1%; 5-year DFS: 32.8% vs. 42.3%) was associated with worse long-term outcomes (all p < 0.05). Patients with severe lymphopenia (ALC <500/μL) on POD5 had worse 5-year OS and DFS (5-year OS: 44.7% vs. 54.3% vs. 66.1%; 5-year DFS: 27.8% vs. 33.3% vs. 42.3%) [both p < 0.05], as well as higher incidence of overall (45.5% vs. 25.3% vs. 30.9%; p = 0.013) and major complications (18.2% vs. 3.4% vs. 4.5%; p < 0.001) versus individuals with moderate (ALC 500-1000/μL) or no lymphopenia following hepatectomy for HCC. After adjusting for competing risk factors, prolonged lymphopenia was independently associated with higher hazards of death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, 95% CI 1.11-1.72] and recurrence (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.45). CONCLUSION Perioperative lymphopenia had short- and long-term prognostic implications among individuals undergoing hepatectomy for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Endo
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Hugo P Marques
- Department of Surgery, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - François Cauchy
- Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, APHP, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Vincent Lam
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tom Hugh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ana Gleisner
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Li Y, Liu G, Chen X. Expression analysis of lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio: reveling immunosuppression and chronic inflammation in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:28. [PMID: 38263363 PMCID: PMC10805813 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the immune status and chronic inflammation of breast cancer patients, this study aims to analyze the diagnostic value of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T, CD3+CD4-CD8-T, CD19+B, and NK cells) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for breast cancer. Furthermore, it seeks to examine the correlation between these subsets and LMR with clinicopathological features. METHODS A total of 100 breast cancer patients were selected as the experimental group, while 55 patients with benign breast diseases were included in the control group. Statistical analysis, including the Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test and the receiver operating characteristic curve, was employed to investigate the association between these serum indexes and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. RESULTS The levels of CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, NK cells, CD3+CD4-CD8-T cells, and LMR were found to be related to the occurrence of breast cancer when analyzing data from patients with benign and malignant breast diseases. Among these biomarkers, CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, CD3+CD4-CD8-T cells, and LMR were identified as independent risk factors for breast cancer development, and the AUCs were 0.760, 0.750, 0.598, 0.697, and 0.761 (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, we observed varying degrees of differences in the expression of CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and LMR in lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, molecular typing, Ki-67 level (P < 0.05). However, statistical differences in histologic grade and pathology type were not found (P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION Lymphocyte subsets and LMR reflect the immune status and chronic inflammation of the body, respectively. They have certain value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases, and correlate with lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, molecular typing and other clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Therefore, monitoring the expression of lymphocyte subsets and LMR in the body may help the auxiliary diagnosis and condition analysis of breast cancer in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niu C, Wen H, Wang S, Shu G, Wang M, Yi H, Guo K, Pan Q, Yin G. Potential prognosis and immunotherapy predictor TFAP2A in pan-cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1021-1048. [PMID: 38265973 PMCID: PMC10866441 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TFAP2A is critical in regulating the expression of various genes, affecting various biological processes and driving tumorigenesis and tumor development. However, the significance of TFAP2A in carcinogenesis processes remains obscure. METHODS In our study, we explored multiple databases including TCGA, GTEx, HPA, cBioPortal, TCIA, and other well-established databases for further analysis to expound TFAP2A expression, genetic alternations, and their relationship with the prognosis and cellular signaling network alternations. GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis as well as GSEA were conducted to examine the common functions of TFAP2A. RT-qPCR, Western Blot and Dual Luciferase Reporter assay were employed to perform experimental validation. RESULTS TFAP2A mRNA expression level was upregulated and its genetic alternations were frequently present in most cancer types. The enrichment analysis results prompted us to investigate the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment further. We discovered that the expression of TFAP2A was significantly associated with the expression of immune checkpoint genes, immune subtypes, ESTIMATE scores, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the possible role of TFAP2A in predicting immunotherapy efficacy. In addition, high TFAP2A expression significantly correlated with several ICP genes, and promoted the expression of PD-L1 on mRNA and protein levels through regulating its expression at the transcriptional level. TFAP2A protein level was upregulated in fresh colon tumor tissue samples compared to that in the adjacent normal tissues, which essentially positively correlated with the expression of PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that targeting TFAP2A may provide a novel and effective strategy for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Niu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haixuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shutong Wang
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maonan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanxi Yi
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
dos Santos SBG, da Silva JC, Jaques HDS, Dalla Vecchia MF, Ferreira MO, Rech D, Sierota da Silva MRN, dos Santos RBG, Panis C, Benvegnú DM. Occupational exposure to pesticides dysregulates systemic Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and correlates with poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281056. [PMID: 37942322 PMCID: PMC10628301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are compounds known to cause immunetoxicity in exposed individuals, which have a potential to substantially modify the prognosis of pathologies dependent on an efficient immune response, such as breast cancer. In this context, we examined the circulating cytokine profile of Th1/Th2/Th17 patterns in women occupationally exposed to pesticides and their correlation with worse prognostic outcomes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 187 rural working women with breast cancer, occupationally exposed or not to pesticides, to quantify the levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-12, IL-4, IL-17-A, and TNF -α. Data on the disease profile and clinical outcomes were collected through medical follow-up. IL-12 was reduced in exposed women with tumors larger than 2 cm and in those with lymph node metastases. Significantly reduced levels of IL-17A were observed in exposed patients with Luminal B subtype tumors, with high ki67 proliferation rates, high histological grade, and positive for the progesterone receptor. Reduced IL-4 was also seen in exposed women with lymph node invasion. Our data show that occupational exposure to pesticides induces significant changes in the levels of cytokines necessary for tumor control and correlates with poor prognosis clinical outcomes in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Bonin Godinho dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hellen dos Santos Jaques
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane Okamoto Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de Câncer de Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Panis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Dalila Moter Benvegnú
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Bem-estar e Produção Animal Sustentável na Fronteira Sul, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong G, Fan F, He Y, Luo Y, Yu J, Liang P. T-Lymphocyte Gene-Regulated CCL5 and Its Association with Extrahepatic Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1267-1279. [PMID: 37551333 PMCID: PMC10404438 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s420836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrahepatic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) greatly limits the prognostic survival of HCC patients. Levels of preoperative peripheral lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the serum for predicting extrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma are still not common in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to investigate the value and mechanisms of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in predicting extrahepatic spread of HCC. METHODS We used a retrospective design to analyze data pertaining to a total of 380 patients with HCC who were examined for peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets before receiving microwave ablation. We performed Cox regression analysis to screen out independent risk factors and used pathology specimens from the patients and public databases of liver cancer to investigate the correlation between cytokines and intra-tumor immune cells. RESULTS The CD4low group had better metastasis-free 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates compared to the CD4high group (80% vs 69%, 67% vs 51%, and 57% vs 39%, respectively; HR 1.7 (1.2, 2.3), P = 0.0019). Similarly, the CD8high group had better metastasis-free 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates compared to the CD8low group (65% vs 78%, 46% vs 64%, and 34% vs 54%, respectively; HR 0.6 (0.4, 0.8), P < 0.001). Patients with the CD4high/CD8low phenotype had significantly worse metastasis-free survival times compared to other patients (HR 2.0 (1.5, 2.8), P < 0.001). Additionally, T lymphocyte-specific genes (CD4, CD8) were correlated with CCL5 expression, which was also positively correlated with the level of intra-tumoral infiltrating CD8 T cells and the prognosis of HCC patients. CONCLUSION Both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets were independent risk factors for extrahepatic metastasis in HCC. Serum CCL5 levels could indicate the infiltration level of intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells and the risk of extrahepatic metastasis in HCC patients, aiding in patient risk stratification for metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Dong
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangying Fan
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao He
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Luo
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu XT, Qian Y, Tian MX, Ding CC, Guo H, Tang J, Pi GL, Wu Y, Dai Z, Jin X. Predictive impact of prognostic nutritional index in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37140894 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2203355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A few previous studies have investigated the prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); however, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the prognostic significance of PNI. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. A meta-analysis of the impact of PNI on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and rate of adverse events (AEs) in patients treated with ICIs was performed. Twenty-three studies involving 2,386 patients were included. Low PNI was associated with significantly poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81-2.82, P < .001) and short PFS (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.54-1.99, P < .001). Patients with low PNI tended to have a low ORR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34-0.65, P < .001) and DCR (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34-0.56, P < .001). However, the subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant association between PNI and survival time in patients receiving a programmed death ligand-1 inhibitor. PNI was significantly associated with survival time and treatment efficacy in patients treated with ICIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tian Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Meng-Xing Tian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chen-Chen Ding
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guo-Liang Pi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhu Dai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Niu N, Ye J, Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang Y. Regulative Roles of Metabolic Plasticity Caused by Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolysis on the Initiation and Progression of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087076. [PMID: 37108242 PMCID: PMC10139088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One important feature of tumour development is the regulatory role of metabolic plasticity in maintaining the balance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in cancer cells. In recent years, the transition and/or function of metabolic phenotypes between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in tumour cells have been extensively studied. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the characteristics of metabolic plasticity (emphasizing their effects, such as immune escape, angiogenesis migration, invasiveness, heterogeneity, adhesion, and phenotypic properties of cancers, among others) on tumour progression, including the initiation and progression phases. Thus, this article provides an overall understanding of the influence of abnormal metabolic remodeling on malignant proliferation and pathophysiological changes in carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Niu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Canghai Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu L, Ji T, Liao W, Xu Y, Fang Y, Zhu Q, Nie J, Yang D. H4-methylation regulators mediated epitranscriptome patterns and tumor microenvironment infiltration characterization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:43. [PMID: 36932439 PMCID: PMC10024435 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the regulation of immune response. Nonetheless, the role of histone H4 methylation (H4M) modification in the TME and immune regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. As a result, the purpose of this research is to discover H4M-mediated modification patterns and their effects on TME and immunologic characteristics in HCC. A total of 2305 samples were enrolled from 13 different cohorts. With the help of consensus clustering analysis, three distinct H4M modification patterns were identified. The cell-infiltrating characteristics of TME under these three patterns were highly consistent with their enriched biological processes and clinical outcome. The H4Mscore was then created using principal component analysis algorithm to quantify the H4M modification pattern of each individual tumor and was systematically correlated with representative tumor characteristics. We found that analyzing H4M modification patterns within individual tumors could predict TME infiltration, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), intratumor heterogeneity, proliferation activity, mRNA stemness index, and prognosis. The group with a low H4Mscore had an inflamed TME phenotype and a better immunotherapy response, as well as a better survival outcome. The prognostic value of H4Mscore was validated in three internal cohorts and five external cohorts, respectively. In external immunotherapy cohorts, the low H4Mscore was also linked to an enhanced response to anti-PD-1/L1 and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy and a better prognosis. This study revealed that H4M modification played an important role in forming TME diversity and complexity. Evaluating the H4M modification pattern of individual tumors could help us learn more about TME and develop more effective immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Yu
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XUnit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Tao Ji
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XUnit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Wei Liao
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XUnit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Yuyan Xu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province China
| | - Yinghao Fang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XUnit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Qing Zhu
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XUnit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jianmin Nie
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XUnit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Dinghua Yang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XUnit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Correlation between hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the management of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188869. [PMID: 36842767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is very deadly and difficult to treat. The presence of hypoxia has been shown to increase the probability of cancer developing and spreading. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC/PC) has traditionally viewed a highly lethal form of cancer due to its high occurrence of early metastases. Desmoplasia/stroma is often thick and collagenous, with pancreatic stellate cells as the primary source (PSCs). Cancer cells and other stromal cells interact with PSCs, promoting disease development. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway have been proposed as a growth factor mechanism mediating this interaction. Human growth factor (HGF) is secreted by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and its receptor, c-MET, is generated by pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells. Hypoxia is frequent in malignant tumors, particularly pancreatic (PC). Hypoxia results from limitless tumor development and promotes survival, progression, and invasion. Hypoxic is becoming a critical driver and therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer as its hypoxia microenvironment is defined. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology show that hypoxia promotes tumor proliferation, aggressiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) stabilize hypoxia signaling. Hypoxia cMet is a key component of pancreatic tumor microenvironments, which also have a fibrotic response, that hypoxia, promotes and modulates. c-Met is a tyrosine-protein kinase. As describe it simply, the MET gene in humans' codes for a protein called hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). Most cancerous tumors and pancreatic cancer in particular, suffer from a lack of oxygen (PC). Due to unrestrained tumor development, hypoxia develops, actively contributing to tumor survival, progression, and invasion. As the processes by which hypoxia signaling promotes invasion and metastasis become clear, c-MET has emerged as an important determinant of pancreatic cancer malignancy and a potential pharmacological target. This manuscript provides the most current findings on the role of hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Innocenti L, Ortenzi V, Scarpitta R, Montemurro N, Pasqualetti F, Asseri R, Lazzi S, Szumera-Cieckiewicz A, De Ieso K, Perrini P, Naccarato AG, Scatena C, Fanelli GN. The Prognostic Impact of Gender, Therapeutic Strategies, Molecular Background, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Glioblastoma: A Still Unsolved Jigsaw. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:501. [PMID: 36833428 PMCID: PMC9956148 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the adoption of novel therapeutical approaches, the outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients remain poor. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic impact of several clinico-pathological and molecular features as well as the role of the cellular immune response in a series of 59 GBM. CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were digitally assessed on tissue microarray cores and their prognostic role was investigated. Moreover, the impact of other clinico-pathological features was evaluated. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ is higher in GBM tissue compared to normal brain tissue (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005 respectively). A positive correlation between CD4+ and CD8+ in GBM is present (rs = 0.417-p = 0.001). CD4+ TILs are inversely related to overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.1-3.1, p = 0.035). The presence of low CD4+ TILs combined with low CD8+ TILs is an independent predictor of longer OS (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.79, p = 0.014). Female sex is independently related to longer OS (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22-0.77, p = 0.006). Adjuvant treatment, methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, and age remain important prognostic factors but are influenced by other features. Adaptive cell-mediated immunity can affect the outcomes of GBM patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the commitment of the CD4+ cells and the effects of different TILs subpopulations in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Innocenti
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Ortenzi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Scarpitta
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK
| | - Roberta Asseri
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Szumera-Cieckiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katia De Ieso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Perrini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristian Scatena
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Role of lymphocytes, macrophages and immune receptors in suppression of tumor immunity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:269-310. [PMID: 36631195 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is now the leading cause of mortality across the world. Inflammatory immune cells are functionally important in the genesis and progression of tumors, as demonstrated by their presence in human tumors. Numerous research has recently been conducted to determine if the innate and adaptive immune systems' cytotoxic cells can inhibit tumor growth and spread. Majority of cancers, when growing into identifiable tumors use multiple strategies to elude immune monitoring by lowering tumor immunity. Immunological suppression in the tumor microenvironment is achieved through interfering with antigen-presenting cells and effector T cells. Treatment of cancer requires managing both the tumor as well as tumor microenvironment (TME). Most patients will not be able to gain benefits from immunotherapy because of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The actions of many stromal myeloid and lymphoid cells are regulated to suppress tumor-specific T lymphocytes. These frequently exhibit inducible suppressive processes brought on by the same anti-tumor inflammatory response the immunotherapy aims to produce. Therefore, a deeper comprehensive understanding of how the immunosuppressive environment arises and endures is essential. Here in this chapter, we will talk about how immune cells, particularly macrophages and lymphocytes, and their receptors affect the ability of tumors to mount an immune response.
Collapse
|
15
|
Anang V, Singh A, Kottarath SK, Verma C. Receptors of immune cells mediates recognition for tumors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:219-267. [PMID: 36631194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the immune system has been steered toward eradication of cancer cells with the help of cancer immunotherapy. T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T-reg cells, and natural killer (NK) cells are some of the numerous immune cell types that play a significant part in cancer cell detection and reduction of inflammation, and the antitumor response. Briefly stated, chimeric antigen receptors, adoptive transfer and immune checkpoint modulators are currently the subjects of research focus for successful immunotherapy-based treatments for a variety of cancers. This chapter discusses ongoing investigations on the mechanisms and recent developments by which receptors of immune cells especially that of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages regulate the detection of immune system leading to malignancies. We will also be looking into the treatment strategies based on these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Anang
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sarat Kumar Kottarath
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Huston, TX, United States.
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Ji Q, Wang J, Dong Y, Pang M, Fu S, Wei Y, Zhu Q. High expression of KNL1 in prostate adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration. Front Genet 2023; 13:1100787. [PMID: 36685823 PMCID: PMC9853456 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a common malignancy with increasing morbidity and mortality. Kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression and prognosis in other tumors, but its role in PRAD has not been reported in detail. KNL1 expression analysis, clinicopathological parameters analysis, prognostic correlation analysis, molecular interaction network and functional abdominal muscle analysis and immune infiltration analysis by using multiple online databases and downloaded expression profile. The results suggest that KNL1 is highly expressed in PRAD, which is associated with worse prognosis in PRAD patients. KnL1-related genes are highly enriched in mitotic function, which is considered to be highly related to the development of cancer. Finally, KNL1 expression is associated with a variety of tumor infiltrating immune cells, especially Treg and Th2 cells. In conclusion, our findings provide preliminary evidence that KNL1 may be an independent prognostic predictor of PRAD and is associated with immune infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yetao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianying Ji
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyang Pang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengqiang Fu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yong Wei, ; Qingyi Zhu,
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yong Wei, ; Qingyi Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marazziti D, Palermo S, Arone A, Massa L, Parra E, Simoncini M, Martucci L, Beatino MF, Pozza A. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, PANDAS, and Tourette Syndrome: Immuno-inflammatory Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:275-300. [PMID: 36949315 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, much focus has been given to the possible role of inflammatory and immunologic alterations in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and some related conditions, such as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and Tourette syndrome (TS). Although the matter is intriguing, the available data are still controversial and/or limited. Therefore, the aim of this chapter was at reviewing and commenting on the literature on possible dysfunctions of inflammatory and immune system processes in OCD, PANDAS, and TS.This narrative review was carried out through searching PubMed and Google Scholar for English language papers from January 1985 to December 31, 2021.The data gathered up to now would suggest that the mechanisms involved might be heterogeneous according to the age of the patients and the disorder examined. Indeed, PANDAS seem more related to infections triggering autoimmunity not necessarily following group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, as supposed in the past. Autoimmunity seems also important in TS, if coupled with an individual vulnerability that can be genetic and/or environmental. The data in adult OCD, albeit scattered and sometimes obtained in small samples of patients, would indicate that immune system and inflammatory processes are involved in the pathophysiology of the disorder. However, it is still unclear to conclude whether they are primary or secondary phenomena.In conclusion, taken together, the current findings pave that way towards novel and promising domains to explore the pathophysiology of OCD and related disorders, as well towards the development of innovative therapeutic strategy beyond current pharmacological paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences - UniCamillus, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Massa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Parra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marly Simoncini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Martucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Beatino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
da Silva A, Silva ASE, Petroianu A. Immuno-oncology in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - a narrative review. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12703. [PMID: 36946842 PMCID: PMC10021498 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-oncology studies the immune system in cancer. In recent decades, immunotherapy has shown a good response to the treatment of various locally advanced and metastatic cancers. The main mechanisms of action include stimulation of the patient's own immune system to enhance immune responses acting in tumor escape pathways. This review examined the literature related to immune system mechanisms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their application in immunotherapy using biomarkers. The PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE, WHOLIS, and SCIELO databases were searched using the terms squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck, immuno-oncology, immunotherapy, and immunology. The main drugs currently available for clinical use in patients diagnosed with HNSCC include pembrolizumab and nivolumab, both classified as check-point inhibitors. These immunobiological agents improve patient survival and quality of life. Many authors and clinical trials point out that the recommendation of these agents is linked to the dose of PD-L1 (ligand expressed primarily by tumor cells), which proved to be an unreliable biomarker in the patient selection. Recommendation of immunotherapy depends on reliable biomarkers that must be identified in order to achieve good therapeutic results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.T. da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A.C. Simões e Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - A. Petroianu
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen Y, Sun J, Luo Y, Liu J, Wang X, Feng R, Huang J, Du H, Li Q, Tan J, Ren G, Wang X, Li H. Pharmaceutical targeting Th2-mediated immunity enhances immunotherapy response in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 20:615. [PMID: 36564797 PMCID: PMC9783715 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a complex disease with a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and has limited clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. T-helper 2 (Th2) cells, an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play an essential role in regulation of tumor immunity. However, the deep relationship between Th2-mediated immunity and immune evasion in breast cancer remains enigmatic. METHODS Here, we first used bioinformatics analysis to explore the correlation between Th2 infiltration and immune landscape in breast cancer. Suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151 T, IPD), an inhibitor of Th2 function, was then employed to investigate the biological effects of Th2 blockade on tumor growth and immune microenvironment in immunocompetent murine breast cancer models. The tumor microenvironment was analyzed by flow cytometry, mass cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, we examined the efficacy of IPD combination with ICB treatment by evaluating TME, tumor growth and mice survival. RESULTS Our bioinformatics analysis suggested that higher infiltration of Th2 cells indicates a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment in breast cancer. In three murine breast cancer models (EO771, 4T1 and EMT6), IPD significantly inhibited the IL-4 secretion by Th2 cells, promoted Th2 to Th1 switching, remodeled the immune landscape and inhibited tumor growth. Remarkably, CD8+ T cell infiltration and the cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in tumor tissues were evidently enhanced after IPD treatment. Furthermore, increased effector CD4+ T cells and decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M2-like macrophages were also demonstrated in IPD-treated tumors. Importantly, we found IPD reinforced the therapeutic response of ICB without increasing potential adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that pharmaceutical inhibition of Th2 cell function improves ICB response via remodeling immune landscape of TME, which illustrates a promising combinatorial immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Chen
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XChongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XChongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yachan Luo
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jiazhou Liu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XChongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XChongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Rui Feng
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XChongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jing Huang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Huimin Du
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Qin Li
- grid.411610.30000 0004 1764 2878Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jinxiang Tan
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XChongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XChongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Winarto H, Habiburrahman M, Anggraeni TD, Nuryanto KH, Julianti RA, Purwoto G, Andrijono A. The Utility of Pre-Treatment Inflammation Markers as Associative Factors to the Adverse Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer: A Study on Staging, Nodal Involvement, and Metastasis Models. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010096. [PMID: 36614896 PMCID: PMC9821387 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, this study investigated the utility of pre-treatment inflammatory markers as associative indicators for advanced-stage disease, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and distant metastasis (DM) in vulvar cancer (VC). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 women with VC in a single centre in Jakarta, Indonesia. The laboratory data was based on C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and fourteen derived, recorded and calculated ratios: leukocyte-to-platelet (LPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (dNLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte (NMR), platelet-to-monocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR), basophil-to-monocyte (BLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), body mass index, albumin, and NLR (BAN) score, haemoglobin-to-platelet (HPR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), CRP-to-albumin, and CRP-to-procalcitonin. The optimal cut-off for each marker was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and their diagnostic indicator performances were assessed. The utility of these ratios as associative factors for three endpoints was further evaluated in multivariate regression models. RESULTS Investigated inflammatory markers exhibited specific performances for individual adverse outcomes, proving a fair to excellent ability in case finding and screening. After adjustment, the BAN score ≤ 334.89 (OR 9.20, p = 0.001) and ESR ≥ 104 (OR 4.18, p = 0.048) become two advanced-stage associative factors with AUC: 0.769. LNM was solely determined by higher NLR ≥ 2.83 (OR 4.15, p = 0.014) with AUC: 0.615. Meanwhile, BLR ≥ 0.035 (OR 5.67, p = 0.001) and ESR ≥ 84 (OR 6.01, p = 0.003) were contributing factors for DM, with AUC: 0.765. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory markers are crucial for identifying the deleterious outcomes of VC. Accordingly, yielded models require external validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hariyono Winarto
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (M.H.); Tel.: +62-21-3914806 (H.W.); +62-21-31930373 (M.H.)
| | - Muhammad Habiburrahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (M.H.); Tel.: +62-21-3914806 (H.W.); +62-21-31930373 (M.H.)
| | - Tricia Dewi Anggraeni
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Kartiwa Hadi Nuryanto
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Renny Anggia Julianti
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Purwoto
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Andrijono Andrijono
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
CD3 high and FoxP3 - tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the invasive margin as a favorable prognostic marker in patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Anticancer Drugs 2022:00001813-990000000-00139. [PMID: 36563023 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been extensively explored as prognostic biomarkers and cellular immunotherapy methods in cancer patients. However, the prognostic significance of TILs in bladder cancer remains unresolved. We evaluated the prognostic effect of TILs in bladder cancer patients. Sixty-four bladder cancer patients who underwent surgical resection between 2018 and 2020 in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital were analyzed in this study. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate CD3, CD4, CD8, and FoxP3 expression on TILs in the invasive margin of tumor tissue, and the presence of TIL subsets was correlated with the disease-free survival (DFS) of bladder cancer patients. The relationship between clinical-pathological features and DFS were analyzed. A high level of CD3 + TILs (CD3 high TILs) ( P = 0.027) or negative expression of FoxP3 TILs (FoxP3 - TILs) ( P = 0.016) was significantly related to better DFS in bladder cancer patients. Those with CD3 high FoxP3 - TILs had the best prognosis compared to those with CD3 high FoxP3 + TILs or CD3 low FoxP3 - TILs ( P = 0.0035). Advanced age [HR 4.57, (1.86-11.25); P = 0.001], CD3 low TILs [HR 0.21, (0.06-0.71); P = 0.012], CD8 low TILs [HR 0.34, (0.12-0.94); P = 0.039], and FoxP3 + TILs [HR 10.11 (1.96-52.27); P = 0.006] in the invasive margin were associated with a worse prognosis (DFS) by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that CD3 high , FoxP3 - , and CD3 high FoxP3 - TILs in the invasive margin were significantly associated with better DFS. CD8 high and CD4 high TILs in the invasive margin tended to predict better DFS in bladder cancer. Patients with CD4 high CD8 high TILs in the invasive margin were likely to have a better prognosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Potential Biomarker for Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235968. [PMID: 36497450 PMCID: PMC9739898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is a special component in the immune microenvironment that is mainly composed of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including T cells, B cells, DC cells, and high endothelial venules (HEVs). For cancer patients, evaluation of the immune microenvironment has a predictive effect on tumor biological behavior, treatment methods, and prognosis. As a result, TLSs have begun to attract the attention of researchers as a new potential biomarker. However, the composition and mechanisms of TLSs are still unclear, and clinical detection methods are still being explored. Although some meaningful results have been obtained in clinical trials, there is still a long way to go before such methods can be applied in clinical practice. However, we believe that with the continuous progress of basic research and clinical trials, TLS detection and related treatment can benefit more and more patients. In this review, we generalize the definition and composition of TLSs, summarize clinical trials involving TLSs according to treatment methods, and describe possible methods of inducing TLS formation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma T, Gu J, Wen H, Xu F, Ge D. BIRC5 Modulates PD-L1 Expression and Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2022; 13:3140-3150. [PMID: 36046648 PMCID: PMC9414029 DOI: 10.7150/jca.69236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent thoracic cancer with the highest incidence and mortality worldwide. Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5 (BIRC5) is well studied in many malignancies, its prognosis value and correlation with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in LAUD remains largely elusive. Methods: The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between clinical features and BIRC5 expression in LUAD. To assess the impact of BIRC5 on prognosis, the Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis and Cox regression were used, as well as a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were recruited to predict the association between BIRC5 and immune cell infiltrations. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western bolt were utilized to confirm gene expression on mRNA and protein levels. The proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells was evaluated using CCK8 and EdU assay. Cell mobility was tested by transwell assay and wound healing assay. Detection of PD-L1 and infiltrated CD8 T cells in xenograft tumors was done by flow cytometry. Results: BIRC5 expression was found to be substantially greater in LUAD patients. According to KM-plotter analysis, patients with high levels of BIRC5 had shorter survival rates. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that elevated BIRC5 expression was an independent risk factor for OS and PFS in LUAD patients. High BIRC5 expression was predicted to be associated with chemokine activity and immune cell chemotaxis, whereas ssGSEA suggested that BIRC5 is highly associated with CD8 T cell infiltration and PD-L1 levels. In vitro experiments suggested overexpression of BIRC5 promoted the proliferation, mobility, and PD-L1 level of A549 cells, and vice versa in H1299 cells. Furthermore, in vivo study suggested elevated tumor weight and PD-L1 levels in xenograft tumors generated from LLC cells with overexpressed BIRC5. Conclusion: BIRC5 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by modulating PD-L1 expression and inducing tumor immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengkai Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He Z, Xin Z, Yang Q, Wang C, Li M, Rao W, Du Z, Bai J, Guo Z, Ruan X, Zhang Z, Fang X, Zhao H. Mapping the single-cell landscape of acral melanoma and analysis of the molecular regulatory network of the tumor microenvironments. eLife 2022; 11:78616. [PMID: 35894206 PMCID: PMC9398445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) exhibits a high incidence in Asian patients with melanoma, and it is not well treated with immunotherapy. However, little attention has been paid to the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in AM. Therefore, in this study, we collected clinical samples from Chinese patients with AM and conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the heterogeneity of its tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and the molecular regulatory network. Our analysis revealed that genes, such as TWIST1, EREG, TNFRSF9, and CTGF could drive the deregulation of various TME components. The molecular interaction relationships between TME cells, such as MIF-CD44 and TNFSF9-TNFRSF9, might be an attractive target for developing novel immunotherapeutic agents. Acral melanoma is a type of cancer that affects the hands and feet. It tends to form on the palms, soles, and under the nails. It is rare in people of European descent, but in Asian populations it makes up more than half of all melanoma cases. Unlike other types of skin cancer, it does not respond well to immunotherapy, but scientists did not understand why. Historically, cancer research has focused on the genetics of whole tumors. But cancer is complicated. Malignant cells recruit other cells to help them survive and grow, and to protect them from attacks by the immune system. Together, they create their own ecosystem, called the tumor microenvironment. The exact makeup of the tumor microenvironment differs depending on the type of cancer and on the genetics of the individual. Investigating the cells that ‘support’ the tumor could help to explain how acral melanoma develops and why it does not respond to treatment. To address these questions, He et al. collected samples from six patients with acral melanoma and examined the genes used by more than 60,000 individual cells. This revealed nine different types of cells in the tumor microenvironment. Most were cancer cells, but there were also immune cells, blood vessel cells, skin cells, and a type of cell that makes connective tissue. He et al. also identified four genes that most likely shape the tumor microenvironment, and two gene pairs that may control some of the interactions between the cells. Investigating these early findings in more detail could open new treatment avenues for acral melanoma. The number of samples in this study was small, but it provides a starting point for future investigation. With more data, researchers could start to develop treatments that target the unique tumor microenvironment of this type of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan He
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zijuan Xin
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Bai
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyan Ruan
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ji X, Zhou B, Ding W, Wang J, Jiang W, Li Y, Hu J, Sun X. Efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy for locoregional recurrent pancreatic cancer after radical resection. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925043. [PMID: 35936670 PMCID: PMC9353056 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for locoregional recurrent pancreatic cancer after radical resection. Methods Patients with locoregional recurrent pancreatic cancer after surgery treated with SBRT in our institution were retrospectively investigated from January 2010 to January 2020. Absolute neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) recorded at pretreatment were analyzed. Endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and cumulative incidences of local failure (LF) and metastatic failure (MF). Results A total of 22 patients received SBRT with a median prescribed dose of 40 Gy (range of 30-50 Gy)/4 to 7 fractions. The median OS of all patients was 13.6 months (95% CI, 9.6-17.5 months). 0-1 performance status (HR 12.10, 95% CI 2.04-71.81, P=0.006) and ≤2.1 pre-SBRT NLR (HR 4.05, 95% CI 1.21-13.59, P=0.023) were significant predictors of higher OS on multivariable analysis. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the cohort was 7.5 months (95% CI, 6.5-8.5 months). The median time to LF and MF were 15.6 months and 6.4 months, respectively. The rate of MF as a first event was higher than that of first event LF. Pain relief was observed in all patients (100%) 6 weeks after SBRT. In terms of acute toxicity, grade 1 including fatigue (6, 27.3%), anorexia (6, 27.3%), nausea (4, 18.2%) and leukopenia (4, 18.2%) was often observed. No acute toxicity of grade 4 or 5 was observed. In terms of late toxicity, no treatment-related toxicity was found during follow-up. Conclusion This study showed that SBRT can significantly reduce pain, effectively control local tumor progression, and have acceptable toxicity for patients with locoregional recurrence after radical resection of primary pancreatic cancer. Good performance status and lower pre-SBRT NLR were associated with improved overall survival.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chong YP, Peter EP, Lee FJM, Chan CM, Chai S, Ling LPC, Tan EL, Ng SH, Masamune A, Ghafar SAA, Ismail N, Ho KL. Conditioned media of pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells differentiation and lymphocytes suppression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12315. [PMID: 35853996 PMCID: PMC9296552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the two major cell types that comprise the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, we aimed to investigate the role of conditioned medium derived from PCCs and PSCs co-culture on the viability of lymphocytes. The conditioned medium (CM) collected from PCCs and/or PSCs was used to treat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to determine CM ability in reducing lymphocytes population. A proteomic analysis has been done on the CM to investigate the differentially expressed protein (DEP) expressed by two PCC lines established from different stages of tumor. Subsequently, we investigated if the reduction of lymphocytes was directly caused by CM or indirectly via CM-induced MDSCs. This was achieved by isolating lymphocyte subtypes and treating them with CM and CM-induced MDSCs. Both PCCs and PSCs were important in suppressing lymphocytes, and the PCCs derived from a metastatic tumor appeared to have a stronger suppressive effect than the PCCs derived from a primary tumor. According to the proteomic profiles of CM, 416 secreted proteins were detected, and 13 DEPs were identified between PANC10.05 and SW1990. However, CM was found unable to reduce lymphocytes viability through a direct pathway. In contrast, CM that contains proteins secreted by PCC and/or PSC appear immunogenic as they increase the viability of lymphocytes subtypes. Lymphocyte subtype treated with CM-induced MDSCs showed reduced viability in T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2), and T regulatory (Treg) cells, but not in CD8+ T cells, and B cells. As a conclusion, the interplay between PCCs and PSCs is important as their co-culture displays a different trend in lymphocytes suppression, hence, their co-culture should be included in future studies to better mimic the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ping Chong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Evelyn Priya Peter
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Feon Jia Ming Lee
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chu Mun Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shereen Chai
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lorni Poh Chou Ling
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Lai Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Han Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Siti Aisyah Abd Ghafar
- Department of Basic Science and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Ismail
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ket Li Ho
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lisovska N. Multilevel mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor action in solid tumors: History, present issues and future development (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:190. [PMID: 35527781 PMCID: PMC9073577 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (antibodies that target and block immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment) is included in the standard of care for patients with different types of malignancy, such as melanoma, renal cell and urothelial carcinoma, lung cancer etc. The introduction of this new immunotherapy has altered the view on potential targets for treatment of solid tumors from tumor cells themselves to their immune microenvironment; this has led to a reconsideration of the mechanisms of tumor-associated immunity. However, only a subset of patients benefit from immunotherapy and patient response is often unpredictable, even with known initial levels of prognostic markers; the biomarkers for favorable response are still being investigated. Mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors efficiency, as well as the origins of treatment failure, require further investigation. From a clinical standpoint, discrepancies between the theoretical explanation of inhibitors of immune checkpoint actions at the cellular level and their deployment at a tissue/organ level impede the effective clinical implementation of novel immune therapy. The present review assessed existing experimental and clinical data on functional activity of inhibitors of immune checkpoints to provide a more comprehensive picture of their mechanisms of action on a cellular and higher levels of biological organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Lisovska
- Chemotherapy Department, Center of Oncology, ‘Cyber Clinic of Spizhenko’, Kapitanovka, Kyiv 08112, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Allphin AJ, Mowery YM, Lafata KJ, Clark DP, Bassil AM, Castillo R, Odhiambo D, Holbrook MD, Ghaghada KB, Badea CT. Photon Counting CT and Radiomic Analysis Enables Differentiation of Tumors Based on Lymphocyte Burden. Tomography 2022; 8:740-753. [PMID: 35314638 PMCID: PMC8938796 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate if radiomic analysis based on spectral micro-CT with nanoparticle contrast-enhancement can differentiate tumors based on lymphocyte burden. High mutational load transplant soft tissue sarcomas were initiated in Rag2+/− and Rag2−/− mice to model varying lymphocyte burden. Mice received radiation therapy (20 Gy) to the tumor-bearing hind limb and were injected with a liposomal iodinated contrast agent. Five days later, animals underwent conventional micro-CT imaging using an energy integrating detector (EID) and spectral micro-CT imaging using a photon-counting detector (PCD). Tumor volumes and iodine uptakes were measured. The radiomic features (RF) were grouped into feature-spaces corresponding to EID, PCD, and spectral decomposition images. The RFs were ranked to reduce redundancy and increase relevance based on TL burden. A stratified repeated cross validation strategy was used to assess separation using a logistic regression classifier. Tumor iodine concentration was the only significantly different conventional tumor metric between Rag2+/− (TLs present) and Rag2−/− (TL-deficient) tumors. The RFs further enabled differentiation between Rag2+/− and Rag2−/− tumors. The PCD-derived RFs provided the highest accuracy (0.68) followed by decomposition-derived RFs (0.60) and the EID-derived RFs (0.58). Such non-invasive approaches could aid in tumor stratification for cancer therapy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Allphin
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 277101, USA; (D.P.C.); (M.D.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.A.); (C.T.B.)
| | - Yvonne M. Mowery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.M.M.); (K.J.L.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (D.O.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kyle J. Lafata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.M.M.); (K.J.L.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (D.O.)
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Darin P. Clark
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 277101, USA; (D.P.C.); (M.D.H.)
| | - Alex M. Bassil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.M.M.); (K.J.L.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (D.O.)
| | - Rico Castillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.M.M.); (K.J.L.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (D.O.)
| | - Diana Odhiambo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.M.M.); (K.J.L.); (A.M.B.); (R.C.); (D.O.)
| | - Matthew D. Holbrook
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 277101, USA; (D.P.C.); (M.D.H.)
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- E.B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian T. Badea
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 277101, USA; (D.P.C.); (M.D.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.A.); (C.T.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Baselice S, Castaldo R, Giannatiempo R, Casaretta G, Franzese M, Salvatore M, Mirabelli P. Impact of Breast Tumor Onset on Blood Count, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Cancer Antigen 15-3 and Lymphoid Subpopulations Supported by Automatic Classification Approach: A Pilot Study. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211048612. [PMID: 34620015 PMCID: PMC8504274 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211048612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent observations showed that systemic immune changes are detectable in case of breast cancer (BC). In this preliminary study, we investigated routinely measured peripheral blood (PB) parameters for malignant BC cases in comparison to benign breast conditions. Complete blood count, circulating lymphoid subpopulation, and serological carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) levels were considered. Methods A total of 127 female patients affected by malignant (n = 77, mean age = 63 years, min = 36, max = 90) BC at diagnosis (naïve patients) or benign breast conditions (n = 50, mean age = 33 years, min = 18, max = 60) were included in this study. For each patient, complete blood count and lymphoid subpopulations (T-helper, T-cytotoxic, B-, NK-, and NKT-cells) analysis on PB samples were performed. Hormonal receptor status, Ki-67 expression, and serological CEA and CA15-3 levels were assessed in the case of patients with malignant BC via statistical analysis. Results Women with malignant BC disclosed increased circulating T-helper lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio in PB when compared to those affected by benign breast conditions (2.345 vs 1.894, P < .05 Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In the case of malignant BC patients, additive logistic regression method was able to identify malignant BC cases with increased CA15-3 levels (CA15-3 >25 UI/mL) via the hematocrit and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio values. Moreover, in the case of women with aggressive malignant BC featured by high levels of Ki-67 proliferation marker, an increasing number of correlations were found among blood count parameters and lymphocytes subpopulations by performing a Spearman’s correlation analysis. Conclusions This preliminary study confirms the ability of malignant BC to determine systemic modifications. The stratification of malignant BC cases according to the Ki-67 proliferation marker highlighted increasing detectable alterations in the periphery of women with aggressive BC. The advent of novel and more sensitive biomarkers, as well as deep immunophenotyping technologies, will provide additional insights for describing the relationship between tumor onset and peripheral alterations.
Collapse
|
30
|
Koteluk O, Bielicka A, Lemańska Ż, Jóźwiak K, Klawiter W, Mackiewicz A, Kazimierczak U, Kolenda T. The Landscape of Transmembrane Protein Family Members in Head and Neck Cancers: Their Biological Role and Diagnostic Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194737. [PMID: 34638224 PMCID: PMC8507526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transmembrane proteins (TMEM) are a large group of integral membrane proteins whose molecular and biological functions are not fully understood. It is known that some of them are involved in tumor formation and metastasis. Here, we performed a panel of TCGA data analyses to investigate the role of different TMEM genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and define their potential as biomarkers. Based on changes in the expression levels in HNSCC tumors, we selected four TMEM genes: ANO1, TMEM156, TMEM173, and TMEM213 and associated them with patient survival. We also demonstrated that the expression of those TMEMs highly correlates with the enrichment of genes involved in numerous biological processes, especially metastasis formation and immune response. Thus, we propose ANO1, TMEM156, TMEM173, and TMEM213 as new biomarkers and potential targets for personalized therapy of HNSCC. Abstract Background: Transmembrane proteins (TMEM) constitute a large family of proteins spanning the entirety of the lipid bilayer. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about their function or mechanism of action. In this study, we analyzed the expression of selected TMEM genes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to learn their role in tumor formation and metastasis. Materials and Methods: Using TCGA data, we analyzed the expression levels of different TMEMs in both normal and tumor samples and compared those two groups depending on clinical-pathological parameters. We selected four TMEMs whose expression was highly correlated with patient survival status and subjected them to further analysis. The pathway analysis using REACTOME and the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to evaluate the association of those TMEMs with genes involved in hallmarks of cancer as well as in oncogenic and immune-related pathways. In addition, the fractions of different immune cell subpopulations depending on TMEM expression were estimated in analyzed patients. The results for selected TMEMs were validated using GEO data. All analyses were performed using the R package, Statistica, and Graphpad Prism. Results: We demonstrated that 73% of the analyzed TMEMs were dysregulated in HNSCC and depended on tumor localization, smoking, alcohol consumption, or HPV infection. The expression levels of ANO1, TMEM156, TMEM173, and TMEM213 correlated with patient survival. The four TMEMs were also upregulated in HPV-positive patients. The elevated expression of those TMEMs correlated with the enrichment of genes involved in cancer-related processes, including immune response. Specifically, overexpression of TMEM156 and TMEM173 was associated with immune cell mobilization and better survival rates, while the elevated ANO1 expression was linked with metastasis formation and worse survival. Conclusions: In this work, we performed a panel of in silico analyses to discover the role of TMEMs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We found that ANO1, TMEM156, TMEM173, and TMEM213 correlated with clinical status and immune responses in HNSCC patients, pointing them as biomarkers for a better prognosis and treatment. This is the first study describing such the role of TMEMs in HNSCC. Future clinical trials should confirm the potential of those genes as targets for personalized therapy of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Koteluk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (Ż.L.); (K.J.); (W.K.); (A.M.); (U.K.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonina Bielicka
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (Ż.L.); (K.J.); (W.K.); (A.M.); (U.K.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Żaneta Lemańska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (Ż.L.); (K.J.); (W.K.); (A.M.); (U.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Kacper Jóźwiak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (Ż.L.); (K.J.); (W.K.); (A.M.); (U.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Weronika Klawiter
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (Ż.L.); (K.J.); (W.K.); (A.M.); (U.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (Ż.L.); (K.J.); (W.K.); (A.M.); (U.K.); (T.K.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Kazimierczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (Ż.L.); (K.J.); (W.K.); (A.M.); (U.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (Ż.L.); (K.J.); (W.K.); (A.M.); (U.K.); (T.K.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang W, Wang Y, Cao Z. Changes of proportions of circulating lymphocyte subsets in cancer patients after chemotherapy. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:4169-4179. [PMID: 35116713 PMCID: PMC8797418 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown how chemotherapy affects circulating lymphocyte subsets and whether the pattern of change is related to prognosis in cancer patients. METHODS Cancer patients who received chemotherapy between 2018/03/01 and 2019/12/31 were enrolled from the Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and 3 weeks after the start of chemotherapy, and the proportions of T cells (CD3+), helper T cells (CD3+CD4+), cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+), B cells (CD19+), and Natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-CD56+) were examined by flow cytometry. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to explore risk factors associated with overall survival within 12 months after the start of chemotherapy. RESULTS A total of 167 patients with cancer were included in the analysis, including 14 cases of cervical cancer, 18 cases of breast cancer, 33 cases of gastric cancer, 48 cases of lung cancer, 21 cases of colorectal cancer, and 33 cases of esophageal cancer. The proportion of T cells (72.58%±10.44% vs. 80.67%±11.63%, P<0.001) and cytotoxic T cells (25.38%±8.87% vs. 39.20%±12.26%, P<0.001) significantly increased, while the proportion of helper T cells (45.58%±10.19% vs. 41.98%±10.47%, P<0.001), B cells (15.10%±5.23% vs. 11.29%±5.60%, P<0.001), and NK cells (19.33%±7.54% vs. 18.28%±7.62%, P<0.001) significantly decreased at 3 weeks after chemotherapy when compared to baseline levels. The overall mortality rate was 14.97% (25/167) within 1 year after the start of chemotherapy. Patients who survived showed a significantly less increase in cytotoxic T cells (13.38%±8.28% vs. 17.28%±7.97%, P=0.030) and less decrease in B cells (-3.58%±2.81% vs. -5.29%±3.03%, P=0.006) when compared to non-survivors. Greater decreases in helper T cells (OR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.68-0.96) and B cells (OR 0.72, 95% CI, 0.59-0.87), and a greater increase in cytotoxic T cells (OR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.03-1.16) were risk factors for poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Circulating lymphocyte subsets of cancer patients presented characteristic changes after chemotherapy. Patients with a greater decrease in helper T cells and B cells, or greater increase in cytotoxic T cells, may have worse survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Medical Oncology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chest Cancer Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zong Cao
- Medical Imaging Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu M, Wang Y, Xia R, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13115. [PMID: 34464477 PMCID: PMC8488570 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. CCL2 can activate tumour cell growth and proliferation through a variety of mechanisms. By interacting with CCR2, CCL2 promotes cancer cell migration and recruits immunosuppressive cells to the tumour microenvironment, favouring cancer development. Over the last several decades, a series of studies have been conducted to explore the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis function in malignancies. Therapeutic strategies targeting the CCL2- CCR2 axis have also shown promising effects, enriching our approaches for fighting against cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis in tumorigenesis and highlight recent studies on CCL2-CCR2 targeted therapy, focusing on preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maosen Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bergman DR, Karikomi MK, Yu M, Nie Q, MacLean AL. Modeling the effects of EMT-immune dynamics on carcinoma disease progression. Commun Biol 2021; 4:983. [PMID: 34408236 PMCID: PMC8373868 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During progression from carcinoma in situ to an invasive tumor, the immune system is engaged in complex sets of interactions with various tumor cells. Tumor cell plasticity alters disease trajectories via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Several of the same pathways that regulate EMT are involved in tumor-immune interactions, yet little is known about the mechanisms and consequences of crosstalk between these regulatory processes. Here we introduce a multiscale evolutionary model to describe tumor-immune-EMT interactions and their impact on epithelial cancer progression from in situ to invasive disease. Through simulation of patient cohorts in silico, the model predicts that a controllable region maximizes invasion-free survival. This controllable region depends on properties of the mesenchymal tumor cell phenotype: its growth rate and its immune-evasiveness. In light of the model predictions, we analyze EMT-inflammation-associated data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and find that association with EMT worsens invasion-free survival probabilities. This result supports the predictions of the model, and leads to the identification of genes that influence outcomes in bladder and uterine cancer, including FGF pathway members. These results suggest new means to delay disease progression, and demonstrate the importance of studying cancer-immune interactions in light of EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Bergman
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Matthew K. Karikomi
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Min Yu
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Qing Nie
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Adam L. MacLean
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu YC, Lin P, Zhao YJ, Wu LY, Wu YQ, Peng JB, He Y, Yang H. Pan-cancer analysis of clinical significance and associated molecular features of glycolysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4233-4246. [PMID: 34304708 PMCID: PMC8806880 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor glycolysis is a major promoter of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Given its complex mechanisms and interactions, comprehensive analysis is needed to reveal its clinical significance and molecular features. On the basis of a well-established glycolysis gene expression signature, we quantified 8633 patients with different cancer types from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and evaluated their prognostic associations. High tumor glycolytic activity correlated with inferior overall survival in the pan-cancer patients (hazard ratio: 1.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.40, P = 0.003). The prognostic value of glycolysis correlated with the molecular subtypes and was stable regardless of clinical parameters. The prognostic significance of glycolysis was validated using three independent datasets. In addition, genome, transcriptome, and proteome profiles were utilized to characterize the distinctive molecular features associated with glycolysis. Mechanistically, glycolysis fulfilled the fundamental needs of tumor proliferation in multiple ways. Exploration of the relationships between glycolysis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells showed that glycolysis enabled the immune evasion of tumor cells. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and dopamine receptor antagonists can effectively reverse the glycolytic status of cancers. Overall, our study provides an in-depth molecular understanding of tumor glycolysis and may have practical implications for clinical cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin-Yong Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Bo Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Miglietta G, Russo M, Duardo RC, Capranico G. G-quadruplex binders as cytostatic modulators of innate immune genes in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6673-6686. [PMID: 34139015 PMCID: PMC8266585 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical nucleic acid structures involved in fundamental biological processes. As G4s are promising anticancer targets, in past decades the search for effective anticancer G4 binders aimed at the discovery of more cytotoxic ligands interfering with specific G4 structures at oncogenes or telomeres. Here, we have instead observed a significant activation of innate immune genes by two unrelated ligands at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The studied G4 binders (pyridostatin and PhenDC3) can induce an increase of micronuclei triggering the activation of the cytoplasmic STING (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1) signaling pathway in human and murine cancer cells. Ligand activity can then lead to type I interferon production and innate immune gene activation. Moreover, specific gene expression patterns mediated by a G4 binder in cancer cells correlate with immunological hot features and better survival in human TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) breast tumors. The findings open to the development of cytostatic G4 binders as effective immunomodulators for combination immunotherapies in unresponsive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Miglietta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renée C Duardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capranico
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Subramaiam H, Chu WL, Radhakrishnan AK, Chakravarthi S, Selvaduray KR, Kok YY. Evaluating Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis and Gamma-Tocotrienol Supplementation in a Syngeneic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:2320. [PMID: 34371830 PMCID: PMC8308567 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition can modulate host immune responses as well as promote anticancer effects. In this study, two nutritional supplements, namely gamma-tocotrienol (γT3) and Spirulina, were evaluated for their immune-enhancing and anticancer effects in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer (BC). Five-week-old female BALB/c mice were fed Spirulina, γT3, or a combination of Spirulina and γT3 (Spirulina + γT3) for 56 days. The mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells into their mammary fat pad on day 28 to induce BC. The animals were culled on day 56 for various analyses. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in tumor volume was only observed on day 37 and 49 in animals fed with the combination of γT3 + Spirulina. There was a marked increase (p < 0.05) of CD4/CD127+ T-cells and decrease (p < 0.05) of T-regulatory cells in peripheral blood from mice fed with either γT3 or Spirulina. The breast tissue of the combined group showed abundant areas of necrosis, but did not prevent metastasis to the liver. Although there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) of MIG-6 and Cadherin 13 expression in tumors from γT3-fed animals, there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the expression of MIG-6, Cadherin 13, BIRC5, and Serpine1 upon combined feeding. This showed that combined γT3 + Spirulina treatment did not show any synergistic anticancer effects in this study model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathy Subramaiam
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Loy Chu
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra 42610, Malaysia
| | - Kanga Rani Selvaduray
- Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi 43000, Malaysia
| | - Yih-Yih Kok
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang D, Chen X, Zeng X, Lao L, Li J, Xing Y, Lu Y, Ouyang Q, Chen J, Yang L, Su F, Yao H, Liu Q, Su S, Song E. Targeting regulator of G protein signaling 1 in tumor-specific T cells enhances their trafficking to breast cancer. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:865-879. [PMID: 34140678 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reduced infiltration of anti-tumor lymphocytes remains a major cause of tumor immune evasion and is correlated with poor cancer survival. Here, we found that upregulation of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS)1 in helper TH1 cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) reduced their trafficking to and survival in tumors and was associated with shorter survival of patients with breast and lung cancer. RGS1 was upregulated by type II interferon (IFN)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 signaling and impaired trafficking of circulating T cells to tumors by inhibiting calcium influx and suppressing activation of the kinases ERK and AKT. RGS1 knockdown in adoptively transferred tumor-specific CTLs significantly increased their infiltration and survival in breast and lung tumor grafts and effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo, which was further improved when combined with programmed death ligand (PD-L)1 checkpoint inhibition. Our findings reveal RGS1 is important for tumor immune evasion and suggest that targeting RGS1 may provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Video
- RGS Proteins/genetics
- RGS Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Escape
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueman Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Lao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxi Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Metabolic reprogramming due to hypoxia in pancreatic cancer: Implications for tumor formation, immunity, and more. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111798. [PMID: 34120068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in most malignant tumors, especially in pancreatic cancer (PC). Hypoxia is the result of unlimited tumor growth and plays an active role in promoting tumor survival, progression, and invasion. As the part of the hypoxia microenvironment in PC is gradually clarified, hypoxia is becoming a key determinant and an important therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer. To adapt to the severe hypoxia environment, cells have changed their metabolic phenotypes to maintain their survival and proliferation. Enhanced glycolysis is the most prominent feature of cancer cells' metabolic reprogramming in response to hypoxia. It provides the energy source for hypoxic cancer cells (although it provides less than oxidative phosphorylation) and produces metabolites that can be absorbed and utilized by normoxic cancer cells. In addition, the uptake of glutamine and fatty acids by hypoxic cancer cells is also increased, which is also conducive to tumor progression. Their metabolites are pooled in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). As a nutrition sensor, HBP, in turn, can coordinate glucose and glutamine metabolism. Its end product, UDP-GlcNAc, is the substrate of protein post-translational modification (PTM) involved in various signaling pathways supporting tumor progression. Adaptive metabolic changes of cancer cells promote their survival and affect tumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and induces tumor immunotherapy resistance. Here, we summarize the hypoxic microenvironment, its effect on metabolic reprogramming, and its contribution to immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
39
|
Bao G, Xu R, Wang X, Ji J, Wang L, Li W, Zhang Q, Huang B, Chen A, Zhang D, Kong B, Yang Q, Yuan C, Wang X, Wang J, Li X. Identification of lncRNA Signature Associated With Pan-Cancer Prognosis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:2317-2328. [PMID: 32991297 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3027680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potential prognostic markers in various human cancers as they participate in many malignant behaviors. However, the value of lncRNAs as prognostic markers among diverse human cancers is still under investigation, and a systematic signature based on these transcripts that related to pan-cancer prognosis has yet to be reported. In this study, we proposed a framework to incorporate statistical power, biological rationale, and machine learning models for pan-cancer prognosis analysis. The framework identified a 5-lncRNA signature (ENSG00000206567, PCAT29, ENSG00000257989, LOC388282, and LINC00339) from TCGA training studies (n = 1,878). The identified lncRNAs are significantly associated (all P ≤ 1.48E-11) with overall survival (OS) of the TCGA cohort (n = 4,231). The signature stratified the cohort into low- and high-risk groups with significantly distinct survival outcomes (median OS of 9.84 years versus 4.37 years, log-rank P = 1.48E-38) and achieved a time-dependent ROC/AUC of 0.66 at 5 years. After routine clinical factors involved, the signature demonstrated better performance for long-term prognostic estimation (AUC of 0.72). Moreover, the signature was further evaluated on two independent external cohorts (TARGET, n = 1,122; CPTAC, n = 391; National Cancer Institute) which yielded similar prognostic values (AUC of 0.60 and 0.75; log-rank P = 8.6E-09 and P = 2.7E-06). An indexing system was developed to map the 5-lncRNA signature to prognoses of pan-cancer patients. In silico functional analysis indicated that the lncRNAs are associated with common biological processes driving human cancers. The five lncRNAs, especially ENSG00000206567, ENSG00000257989 and LOC388282 that never reported before, may serve as viable molecular targets common among diverse cancers.
Collapse
|
40
|
Bi Q, Liu Y, Yuan T, Wang H, Li B, Jiang Y, Mo X, Lei Y, Xiao Y, Dong S, Shen H, Lv L, Yang Y, Dong H, Wang J, Li F, Zhang D, Ai Y, Lin J. Predicted CD4 + T cell infiltration levels could indicate better overall survival in sarcoma patients. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520981539. [PMID: 33430667 PMCID: PMC7809305 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520981539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has not yet been characterized in sarcomas. The aim of this bioinformatics study was to explore the effect of TILs on sarcoma survival and genome alterations. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and survival data of sarcoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immune infiltration scores were calculated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Potential associations between abundance of infiltrating TILs and survival or genome alterations were examined. RESULTS Levels of CD4+ T cell infiltration were associated with overall survival of patients with pan-sarcomas, and higher CD4+ T cell infiltration levels were associated with better survival. Somatic copy number alterations, rather than mutations, were found to correlate with CD4+ T cell infiltration levels. CONCLUSIONS This data mining study indicated that CD4+ T cell infiltration levels predicted from RNA sequencing could predict sarcoma prognosis, and higher levels of CD4+ T cells infiltration indicated a better chance of survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Bi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Bin Li
- 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- GuiHang Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingkui Mo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yonghong Lei
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanbin Xiao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hua Dong
- 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Fugen Li
- 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yiqin Ai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Semenzato U, Biondini D, Bazzan E, Tiné M, Balestro E, Buldini B, Carizzo SJ, Cubero P, Marin-Oto M, Casara A, Baraldo S, Turato G, Gregori D, Marin JM, Cosio MG, Saetta M. Low-Blood Lymphocyte Number and Lymphocyte Decline as Key Factors in COPD Outcomes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Respiration 2021; 100:618-630. [PMID: 33902057 DOI: 10.1159/000515180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk of severe outcomes like exacerbations, cancer, respiratory failure, and decreased survival. The mechanisms for these outcomes are unclear; however, there is evidence that blood lymphocytes (BL) number might play a role. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between BL and their possible decline over time with long-term outcomes in smokers with and without COPD. METHODS In 511 smokers, 302 with COPD (COPD) and 209 without COPD (noCOPD), followed long term, we investigated whether BL number and BL decline over time might be associated with long-term outcomes. Smokers were divided according to BL number in high-BL (≥1,800 cells/µL) and low-BL (<1,800 cells/µL). Clinical features, cancer incidence, and mortality were recorded during follow-up. BL count in multiple samples and BL decline over time were calculated and related to outcomes. RESULTS BL count was lower in COPD (1,880 cells/µL) than noCOPD (2,300 cells/µL; p < 0.001). 43% of COPD and 23% of noCOPD had low-BL count (p < 0.001). BL decline over time was higher in COPD than noCOPD (p = 0.040). 22.5% of the whole cohort developed cancer which incidence was higher in low-BL subjects and in BL decliners than high-BL (31 vs. 18%; p = 0.001) and no decliners (32 vs. 19%; p = 0.002). 26% in the cohort died during follow-up. Furthermore, low-BL count, BL decline, and age were independent risk factors for mortality by Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION BL count and BL decline are related to worse outcomes in smokers with and without COPD, which suggests that BL count and decline might play a mechanistic role in outcomes deterioration. Insights into mechanisms inducing the fall in BL count could improve the understanding of COPD pathogenesis and point toward new therapeutic measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Semenzato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Biondini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Bazzan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariaenrica Tiné
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Balestro
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Santiago J Carizzo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IISAragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cubero
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, IISAragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Oto
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, IISAragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Neumología, Clinico Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvise Casara
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Graziella Turato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jose M Marin
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IISAragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, IISAragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel G Cosio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Respiratory Division, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Blair TC, Alice AF, Zebertavage L, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. The Dynamic Entropy of Tumor Immune Infiltrates: The Impact of Recirculation, Antigen-Specific Interactions, and Retention on T Cells in Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653625. [PMID: 33968757 PMCID: PMC8101411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of tumor infiltration using conventional methods reveals a snapshot view of lymphocyte interactions with the tumor environment. However, lymphocytes have the unique capacity for continued recirculation, exploring varied tissues for the presence of cognate antigens according to inflammatory triggers and chemokine gradients. We discuss the role of the inflammatory and cellular makeup of the tumor environment, as well as antigen expressed by cancer cells or cross-presented by stromal antigen presenting cells, on recirculation kinetics of T cells. We aim to discuss how current cancer therapies may manipulate lymphocyte recirculation versus retention to impact lymphocyte exclusion in the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Blair
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR, United States.,Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alejandro F Alice
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lauren Zebertavage
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR, United States.,Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.,The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Edechi CA, Ikeogu NM, Akaluka GN, Terceiro LEL, Machado M, Salako ES, Barazandeh AF, Kung SKP, Uzonna JE, Myal Y. The Prolactin Inducible Protein Modulates Antitumor Immune Responses and Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:639859. [PMID: 33777801 PMCID: PMC7994859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.639859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolactin inducible protein (PIP) is expressed to varying degrees in more than 90% of breast cancers (BCs). Although high levels of PIP expression in BC has been shown to correlate with better prognosis and patient response to chemotherapy, some studies suggest that PIP may also play a role in metastasis. Here, we investigated the role of PIP in BC using the well-established 4T1 and E0771 mouse BC cell lines. Stable expression of PIP in both cell lines did not significantly alter their proliferation, migration, and response to anticancer drugs in vitro compared to empty vector control. To assess the effect of PIP expression on breast tumorigenesis in vivo, the 4T1 syngeneic transplantable mouse model was utilized. In immunocompetent syngeneic BALB/c mice, PIP-expressing 4T1 primary tumors displayed delayed tumor onset and reduced tumor growth, and this was associated with higher percentages of natural killer cells and reduced percentages of type 2 T-helper cells in the tumor environment. The delayed tumor onset and growth were abrogated in immunodeficient mice, suggesting that PIP-mediated modulation of primary tumor growth involves an intact immune system. Paradoxically, we also observed that PIP expression was associated with a higher number of 4T1 colonies in the lungs in both the immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. Gene expression analysis of PIP-expressing 4T1 cells (4T1-PIP) revealed that genes associated with tumor metastasis such as CCL7, MMP3 and MMP13, were significantly upregulated in 4T1-PIP cells when compared to the empty vector control (4T1-EV) cells. Collectively, these studies strongly suggest that PIP may possess a double-edge sword effect in BC, enhancing both antitumor immunity as well as metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chidalu A Edechi
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nnamdi M Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gloria N Akaluka
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lucas E L Terceiro
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mikayla Machado
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Enitan S Salako
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aida F Barazandeh
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sam K P Kung
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yvonne Myal
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wolfe AR, Siedow M, Nalin A, DiCostanzo D, Miller ED, Diaz DA, Arnett A, Cloyd JM, Dillhoff M, Ejaz A, Tsung A, Williams TM. Increasing neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio following radiation is a poor prognostic factor and directly correlates with splenic radiation dose in pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021; 158:207-214. [PMID: 33667588 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has been correlated with clinical outcomes in many cancers. We investigated whether the delta-NLR (ΔNLR) following radiation therapy (RT) could predict achieving surgical resection and the overall survival (OS) of patients with borderline resectable (BRPC) and locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), and whether the splenic radiation dose impacted ΔNLR. METHODS/MATERIALS 101 patients with biopsy-proven BRPC or LAPC who received induction chemotherapy followed by RT were retrospectively enrolled. Following contouring of spleens, dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for splenic dosimetric parameters were calculated. Pre- and post-RT complete blood counts (CBC) within two weeks were recorded. Delta (Δ) values were calculated by subtracting the post-RT value from the pre-RT value. Cox regression survival analysis for pre and postradiation CBC values and OS was performed. Receiver operating curves (ROC) were generated and optimal cutoff points for highest sensitivity and specificity were identified. Kaplan-Meier curves for OS were generated. RESULTS On univariate Cox regression analysis, the only significant CBC value associated with OS was ΔNLR (HR 1.06, CI 1.03-1.09, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, ΔNLR, age, and completed resection all significantly predicted for worse OS (p < 0.05). ΔNLR significantly predicted achieving surgical resection (p = 0.04) and the optimal cutoff point for ΔNLR was 2.5. Patients with ΔNLR < 2.5 had significantly longer OS (log rank p = 0.046). Spleen radiation dose parameters were all significantly higher in patients with a ΔNLR ≥ 2.5. Optimal radiation cutoff points to predict a ΔNLR ≥ 2.5 were splenic Dmean of 308 cGy and V5 of 10.3%. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with BRPC or LAPC who have received induction chemotherapy, elevated ΔNLR after RT significantly predicts worse OS and decreased odds of achieving resection. Furthermore, ΔNLR is correlated with higher splenic doses, suggesting the spleen may be an important organ at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wolfe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael Siedow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ansel Nalin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dominic DiCostanzo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eric D Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dayssy Alexandra Diaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrea Arnett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jordan M Cloyd
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mary Dillhoff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Aslam Ejaz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
In Vitro Suppression of T Cell Proliferation Is a Conserved Function of Primary and Immortalized Human Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041827. [PMID: 33673197 PMCID: PMC7918788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell immunotherapy is now a mainstay therapy for several blood-borne cancers as well as metastatic melanoma. Unfortunately, many epithelial tumors respond poorly to immunotherapy, and the reasons for this are not well understood. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most frequent non-neoplastic cell type in most solid tumors, and they are emerging as a key player in immunotherapy resistance. A range of immortalized CAF lines will be essential tools that will allow us to understand immune responses against cancer and develop novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy. To study the effect of CAFs on T cell proliferation, we created and characterized a number of novel immortalized human CAFs lines (Im-CAFs) from human breast, colon, and pancreatic carcinomas. Im-CAFs shared similar phenotypes, matrix remodeling and contraction capabilities, and growth and migration rates compared to the primary CAFs. Using primary isolates from breast carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we report that CAFs across major tumor types are able to potently suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. Im-CAFs retained this property. Im-CAFs are a key tool that will provide important insights into the mechanisms of CAF-mediated T cell suppression through techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 modification, molecular screens, and pipeline drug testing.
Collapse
|
46
|
Schnellhardt S, Erber R, Büttner-Herold M, Rosahl MC, Ott OJ, Strnad V, Beckmann MW, King L, Hartmann A, Fietkau R, Distel L. Tumour-Infiltrating Inflammatory Cells in Early Breast Cancer: An Underrated Prognostic and Predictive Factor? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218238. [PMID: 33153211 PMCID: PMC7663093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tumour-infiltrating inflammatory cells (TIICs) in the disease progression of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) is largely unclear since it is generally regarded as the least immunogenic BC subtype. This study investigated the prognostic significance of CD1a+ dendritic cells, CD20+ B cells, CD45RO+ memory T cells and CD4+ T-helper cells in HR+ BC. One hundred and forty-six patients were treated for early stage, distant-metastases-free HR+ BC in an accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) phase II trial. Immunohistochemistry was used to double-stain two adjoining sets of tissue microarrays from pre-RT (radiotherapy) tumour resection samples for CD1a/CD20 and CD45RO/CD4. Cell densities of CD1a+, CD20+, CD45RO+ and CD4+ TIICs in the stromal and intraepithelial compartment were registered semiautomatically. High densities of CD20+ and CD4+ TIICs were strongly associated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS), while high stromal CD45RO+ TIIC densities were indicators of subsequent successful treatment. An immunoscore based on CD20+ and CD45RO+ TIIC densities identified three different risk groups (p < 0.001). Thus, contrary to current assumptions, intratumoural immune cell composition might be an important prognostic indicator and a possible contributing factor in the outcome of HR+ BC and should be the subject of further research. Specifically, B-cell infiltration entailed an increased relapse rate and could play an important role in disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Schnellhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Marie-Charlotte Rosahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Oliver J. Ott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Vratislav Strnad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Lillian King
- Intensive Care Unit, QEII Jubilee Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia;
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.E.); (A.H.)
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (M.-C.R.); (O.J.O.); (V.S.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-853-2312; Fax: +49-9131-853-9335
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grisaru-Tal S, Itan M, Klion AD, Munitz A. A new dawn for eosinophils in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:594-607. [PMID: 32678342 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are evolutionarily conserved, pleotropic cells that display key effector functions in allergic diseases, such as asthma. Nonetheless, eosinophils infiltrate multiple tumours and are equipped to regulate tumour progression either directly by interacting with tumour cells or indirectly by shaping the tumour microenvironment (TME). Eosinophils can readily respond to diverse stimuli and are capable of synthesizing and secreting a large range of molecules, including unique granule proteins that can potentially kill tumour cells. Alternatively, they can secrete pro-angiogenic and matrix-remodelling soluble mediators that could promote tumour growth. Herein, we aim to comprehensively outline basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activity in the TME. We discuss the mechanisms of eosinophil homing to the TME and examine their diverse pro-tumorigenic and antitumorigenic functions. Finally, we present emerging data regarding eosinophils as predictive biomarkers and effector cells in immunotherapy, especially in response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and highlight outstanding questions for future basic and clinical cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amy D Klion
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee YH, Tai D, Yip C, Choo SP, Chew V. Combinational Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiotherapy, Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Beyond. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568759. [PMID: 33117354 PMCID: PMC7561368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic treatment landscape for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has experienced tremendous paradigm shift towards targeting tumor microenvironment (TME) following recent trials utilizing immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, limited success of ICB as monotherapy mandates the evaluation of combination strategies incorporating immunotherapy for improved clinical efficacy. Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral component in treatment of solid cancers, including HCC. Radiation mediates localized tumor killing and TME modification, thereby potentiating the action of ICB. Several preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy of combining RT and ICB in HCC with promising outcomes. Greater efforts are required in discovery and understanding of novel combination strategies to maximize clinical benefit with tolerable adverse effects. This current review provides a comprehensive assessment of RT and ICB in HCC, their respective impact on TME, the rationale for their synergistic combination, as well as the current potential biomarkers available to predict clinical response. We also speculate on novel future strategies to further enhance the efficacy of this combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hua Lee
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Tai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Connie Yip
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Pin Choo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Curie Oncology, Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Chew
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Protti MP, De Monte L. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Cancer: Th2-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2088. [PMID: 33042121 PMCID: PMC7524868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL-7-like cytokine originally cloned from a murine thymic stromal cell line, and subsequently a human homolog was identified using database search methods. Human TSLP is mostly expressed in epithelial cells, among which are keratinocytes as well as stromal cells such as fibroblasts and immune cells. Human TSLP was first described to activate myeloid dendritic cells, which prime naïve T helper cells to produce high concentrations of Th2 cytokines, thus representing a key cytokine in triggering dendritic cells-mediated allergic Th2 inflammation. TSLP and/or its receptor has been shown to be expressed in several tumor types, where TSLP expression is associated with functional activities that can be associated or not with the induction of a Th2-prone tumor microenvironment, i.e., Th2-dependent and Th2-independent mechanisms. These mechanisms involve tissue- and immune cell target-dependent tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive functions in different or even the same tumor type. Here we report and discuss the Th2-dependent and Th2-independent roles of TSLP in cancer and possible therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Protti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia De Monte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Istituto di Ricerca a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bin-Alee F, Arayataweegool A, Buranapraditkun S, Mahattanasakul P, Tangjaturonrasme N, Mutirangura A, Kitkumthorn N. Evaluation of lymphocyte apoptosis in patients with oral cancer. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200124. [PMID: 32901694 PMCID: PMC7480670 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate apoptotic levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and apoptotic regulatory proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) in lymphocyte subsets of oral cancer (OC) patients and healthy controls (HC). Methodology The percentage of apoptotic cells and lymphocyte counts were measured in the first cohort using PBMCs obtained from 23 OC patients and 6 HC. In the second cohort, (OC, 33; HC, 13), the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Bax and Bcl-2 in CD19+ B, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD16+56+ natural killer (NK) cells was determined via flow cytometry. Results The percentage of apoptotic cells was higher in the PBMCs of OC patients than in HC patients, particularly in patients with stage IV cancer (p<0.05). However, lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in stage IV patients (p<0.05). NK CD19+ B and CD16+56+ cell counts were significantly lower in OC patients compared with HC patients (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively), but CD4+ T cells were interestingly significantly higher in OC patients (p<0.001). While Bax MFI was slightly higher, Bcl-2 MFI was significantly lower for all four lymphocyte subsets in OC samples, particularly in stage IV patients, when compared with HC. Consequently, Bax/Bcl-2 ratios showed an upward trend from HC to OC patients, particularly those in stage IV. We found similar trends in Bax and Bcl-2 MFI for tumor stage, tumor size, and lymph node involvement. Conclusions The increased lymphocyte apoptosis in stage IV OC patients may be related to higher Bax levels and lower Bcl-2 levels. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in lymphocytes may be useful to determine the prognosis of OC patients, and could be considered a mean for supportive treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fardeela Bin-Alee
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Program of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Areeya Arayataweegool
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center- Chula VRC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patnarin Mahattanasakul
- Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napadon Tangjaturonrasme
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|