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Enríquez-Schmidt J, Mautner Molina C, Kalazich Rosales M, Muñoz M, Ruiz-Uribe M, Fuentes Leal F, Monrroy Uarac M, Cárcamo Ibaceta C, Fazakerley DJ, Larance M, Ehrenfeld P, Martínez-Huenchullán S. Moderate-intensity constant or high-intensity interval training? Metabolic effects on candidates to undergo bariatric surgery. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1681-1691. [PMID: 38553359 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bariatric surgery is highly effective against obesity. Pre-surgical exercise programs are recommended to prepare the candidate physically and metabolically for surgery-related rapid weight loss. However, the ideal exercise prescription in this population is unknown. This study aimed to compare the metabolic effects of moderate-intensity constant (MICT) vs. a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program in candidates to undergo bariatric surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five candidates (22 women) to undergo sleeve gastrectomy aged from 18 to 60 years old were recruited. At baseline, we measured body composition, physical activity levels, grip strength, and aerobic capacity. Further, we assessed metabolic function through glycemia and insulinemia (both fasting and after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), transaminases, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), apelin, and adiponectin. Afterward, participants were randomized into MICT (n = 14) or HIIT (n = 11). Both training programs consisted of 10 sessions (2-3 times/week, 30 min per session) distributed during 4 weeks before the surgery. After this, all outcomes were measured again at the end of the training programs and 1 month after the surgery (follow-up). A mixed effect with Tukey's post-hoc analysis was performed to compare values at baseline vs. post-training vs. postsurgical follow-up. Both training programs increased aerobic capacity after training (p < 0.05), but only after MICT these changes were kept at follow-up (p < 0.05). However, only MICT decreased fat mass and increased total muscle mass and physical activity levels (p < 0.05). Metabolically, MICT decreased insulinemia after OGTT (p < 0.05), whereas HIIT increased adiponectin after training and GDF15 at follow-up (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both MICT and HIIT conferred benefits in candidates to undergo bariatric surgery, however, several of those effects were program-specific, suggesting that exercise intensity should be considered when preparing these patients. Future studies should explore the potential benefits of prescribing MICT or HIIT in a customized fashion depending on a pretraining screening, along with possible summatory effects by combining these two exercise programs (MICT + HIIT). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry, N° ISRCTN42273422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Enríquez-Schmidt
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Camila Mautner Molina
- Clínica Alemana de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; School of Physical Therapy, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | | | | | - Matias Ruiz-Uribe
- Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Function Laboratory - Neyün, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | | | - Manuel Monrroy Uarac
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Cárcamo Ibaceta
- Clínica Alemana de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Surgery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB5, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Sergio Martínez-Huenchullán
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; School of Physical Therapy, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Function Laboratory - Neyün, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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Park MA, Whelan CJ, Ahmed S, Boeringer T, Brown J, Crowder SL, Gage K, Gregg C, Jeong DK, Jim HSL, Judge AR, Mason TM, Parker N, Pillai S, Qayyum A, Rajasekhara S, Rasool G, Tinsley SM, Schabath MB, Stewart P, West J, McDonald P, Permuth JB. Defining and Addressing Research Priorities in Cancer Cachexia through Transdisciplinary Collaboration. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2364. [PMID: 39001427 PMCID: PMC11240731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
For many patients, the cancer continuum includes a syndrome known as cancer-associated cachexia (CAC), which encompasses the unintended loss of body weight and muscle mass, and is often associated with fat loss, decreased appetite, lower tolerance and poorer response to treatment, poor quality of life, and reduced survival. Unfortunately, there are no effective therapeutic interventions to completely reverse cancer cachexia and no FDA-approved pharmacologic agents; hence, new approaches are urgently needed. In May of 2022, researchers and clinicians from Moffitt Cancer Center held an inaugural retreat on CAC that aimed to review the state of the science, identify knowledge gaps and research priorities, and foster transdisciplinary collaborative research projects. This review summarizes research priorities that emerged from the retreat, examples of ongoing collaborations, and opportunities to move science forward. The highest priorities identified include the need to (1) evaluate patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures obtained in clinical practice and assess their use in improving CAC-related outcomes; (2) identify biomarkers (imaging, molecular, and/or behavioral) and novel analytic approaches to accurately predict the early onset of CAC and its progression; and (3) develop and test interventions (pharmacologic, nutritional, exercise-based, and through mathematical modeling) to prevent CAC progression and improve associated symptoms and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Park
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Christopher J. Whelan
- Department of Metabolism and Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Sabeen Ahmed
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Tabitha Boeringer
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (T.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Joel Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology and Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.B.); (J.W.)
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sylvia L. Crowder
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.L.C.); (H.S.L.J.); (N.P.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Kenneth Gage
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.G.); (D.K.J.); (A.Q.)
| | - Christopher Gregg
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA;
| | - Daniel K. Jeong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.G.); (D.K.J.); (A.Q.)
| | - Heather S. L. Jim
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.L.C.); (H.S.L.J.); (N.P.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Andrew R. Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Tina M. Mason
- Department of Nursing Research, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Nathan Parker
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.L.C.); (H.S.L.J.); (N.P.); (S.M.T.)
| | - Smitha Pillai
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (T.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Aliya Qayyum
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.G.); (D.K.J.); (A.Q.)
| | - Sahana Rajasekhara
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Sara M. Tinsley
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.L.C.); (H.S.L.J.); (N.P.); (S.M.T.)
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matthew B. Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Paul Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jeffrey West
- Department of Cancer Biology and Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.B.); (J.W.)
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Metabolism and Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Permuth
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Teramoto K, Nochioka K, Sakata Y, Nishimura K, Shimokawa H, Yasuda S. Prognostic significance of growth differentiation factor-15 across age in chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1666-1676. [PMID: 38426613 PMCID: PMC11098632 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), a cytokine in the transforming growth factor family, is up-regulated in stress and inflammatory conditions and is elevated in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the age-specific attributes and prognostic significance of GDF15 across age remain unknown in chronic HF (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS Serum levels of GDF15 were examined in 942 hypertensive patients (median 68 years) with CHF from the SUPPORT trial across the four age groups [under 50 (n = 73), 51-59 (n = 158), 60-69 (n = 296), and 70-79 years (n = 415)] and in the continuous spectrum. Clinical correlates of GDF15 were explored using the classic stepwise and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression approaches. Interaction terms with age were tested in the LASSO regression approach. The associations with the composite outcome of HF hospitalization or all-cause death were investigated across ages. Median GDF15 levels (pg/mL) increased along with aging, from 691 in under 50 years to 855 in 51-59 years, 1114 in 60-69 years, and 1516 in 70-79 years (trend P < 0.001). Age, sex, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, left ventricular (LV) end-systolic dimension, LV ejection fraction, estimated glomerular filtration rate, haemoglobin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), troponin, C-reactive protein, and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and statins were mutually selected as clinical covariates of GDF15. The LASSO regression analysis identified significant interactions between age and the history of diabetes and NT-proBNP, with particularly robust associations in patients aged between 60 and 70 years. During the mean follow-up of 8.6 years, 474 composite endpoints of HF hospitalization or death occurred. GDF15 was associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalization or all-cause death [adjusted hazard ratio 1.84 (95% confidence interval 1.45-2.33)], with a particularly heightened risk in patients aged around 70 years (Pinteraction = 0.0008). The model with GDF15 on top of other established risk factors yielded marginally higher C-statistics compared with the model without GDF15 (0.803 and 0.796, P = 0.045). The additive value of GDF15 on top of other established risk factors appeared similar across ages. A universal cut-off value of 1400 pg/mL performed well in discriminating between those with and without HF hospitalization or death. CONCLUSIONS Some clinical correlates of GDF15 have an interaction with age. GDF15 is an important determinant of cardiovascular endpoints, particularly in patients aged around 70 years. The additive value of GDF15 appeared consistent across ages, suggesting the use of a universal cut-off value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Teramoto
- Department of BiostatisticsNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 Seiryomachi, Aoba‐kuSendaiJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Clinical Medicine and DevelopmentNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and EpidemiologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 Seiryomachi, Aoba‐kuSendaiJapan
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate SchoolNaritaJapan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 Seiryomachi, Aoba‐kuSendaiJapan
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Qiu Y, Zhang S, Man C, Gong D, Xu Y, Fan Y, Wang X, Zhang W. Advances on Senescence-associated secretory phenotype regulated by circular RNAs in tumors. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102287. [PMID: 38570142 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The components that comprise the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) include growth factors, proteases, chemokines, cytokines, and bioactive lipids. It drives secondary aging and disrupts tissue homeostasis, ultimately leading to tissue repair and regeneration loss. It has a two-way regulatory effect on tumor cells, resisting cancer occurrence and promoting its progression. A category of single-stranded circular non-coding RNA molecules known as circular RNAs (circRNAs) carries out a series of cellular activities, including sequestering miRNAs and modulating gene editing and expression. Research has demonstrated that a large number of circRNAs exhibit aberrant expression in pathological settings, and play a part in the onset and progress of cancer via modulating SASP factors. However, the research related to SASP and circRNAs in tumors is still in its infancy at this stage. This review centers on the bidirectional modulation of SASP and the role of circRNAs in regulating SASP factors across different types of tumors. The aim is to present novel perspectives for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 120, Suzhi Road, Suqian, Jiangsu 223812, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfeng Man
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Gong
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Laboratory Center, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8, Dianli Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 120, Suzhi Road, Suqian, Jiangsu 223812, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Jiangsu University Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Chang C, Cheng YY, Kamlapurkar S, White S, Tang PW, Elhaw AT, Javed Z, Aird KM, Mythreye K, Phaëton R, Hempel N. GPX3 supports ovarian cancer tumor progression in vivo and promotes expression of GDF15. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 185:8-16. [PMID: 38342006 PMCID: PMC11179984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that high expression of the extracellular glutathione peroxidase GPX3 is associated with poor patient outcome in ovarian serous adenocarcinomas, and that GPX3 protects ovarian cancer cells from oxidative stress in culture. Here we tested if GPX3 is necessary for tumor establishment in vivo and to identify novel downstream mediators of GPX3's pro-tumorigenic function. METHODS GPX3 was knocked-down in ID8 ovarian cancer cells by shRNA to test the role of GPX3 in tumor establishment using a syngeneic IP xenograft model. RNA sequencing analysis was carried out in OVCAR3 cells following shRNA-mediated GPX3 knock-down to identify GPX3-dependent gene expression signatures. RESULTS GPX3 knock-down abrogated clonogenicity and intraperitoneal tumor development in vivo, and the effects were dependent on the level of GPX3 knock-down. RNA sequencing showed that loss of GPX3 leads to decreased gene expression patterns related to pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways. Validation studies identified GDF15 as strongly dependent on GPX3. GDF15, a member of the TGF-β growth factor family, has known oncogenic and immune modulatory activities. Similarly, GPX3 expression positively correlated with pro-tumor immune cell signatures, including regulatory T-cell and macrophage infiltration, and displayed significant correlation with PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that tumor produced GPX3 is necessary for ovarian cancer growth in vivo and that it regulates expression of GDF15. The immune profile associated with GPX3 expression in serous ovarian tumors suggests that GPX3 may be an alternate marker of ovarian tumors susceptible to immune check-point inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kamlapurkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sierra White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Priscilla W Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amal T Elhaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zaineb Javed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rébécca Phaëton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Yang X, Yang J, Zeng Y, Peng L, Liu X, Mo J, Wang T, Yao Y, Zheng Y, Song G. Circulating galectin-3 level association with cardiovascular risk factors during peritoneal dialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s10157-024-02498-3. [PMID: 38643287 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the primary cause of mortality in patients afflicted with end-stage renal disease and undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a molecule known to exhibit a correlation with CVD mortality garners considerable interest. The objective of this study was to explore the potential association between serum Gal-3 levels and other CVD risk factors among PD patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 114 PD patients with a minimum of 3 months of PD treatment were enrolled. Serum Gal-3 levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data of patients with Gal-3 levels higher and lower than 26.744 pg/ml were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests or t tests. Pearson's correlation or Spearman's correlation analysis and multivariate regression were used to assess the associations between the known risk factors for CVD and Gal-3. RESULTS In comparison to the inter-group baseline data, the low Gal-3 group exhibited a higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Gal-3 levels correlate positively with PD duration, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), interventricular septal thickness in diastolic (IVST), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Conversely, Gal-3 exhibited a negative correlation with albumin levels. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between Gal-3 levels and BNP, GDF-15, PD duration, IVST and LVMI. Gal-3 levels were negatively correlated with albumin levels. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 was strongly associated with BNP, GDF-15, IVST and LVMI in patients undergoing PD treatment. Prospective studies should be carried out to determine whether Gal-3 can be a promising biomarker in predicting increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjia Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingzheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinying Mo
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Taifen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Yutong Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihou Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaofeng Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
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Švitek L, Lišnjić D, Grubišić B, Zlosa M, Schönberger E, Vlahović Vlašić N, Smajić P, Sabadi D, Rolić T, Kralik K, Mandić S. GDF-15 Levels and Other Laboratory Findings as Predictors of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:757. [PMID: 38672113 PMCID: PMC11048158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a stress-induced cytokine associated with acute and chronic inflammatory states. This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the prognostic roles of GDF-15 and routine clinical laboratory parameters in COVID-19 patients. Upon the admission of 95 adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Croatia, blood analysis was performed, and medical data were collected. The patients were categorized based on survival, ICU admission, and hospitalization duration. Logistic regression and ROC curve methods were employed for the statistical analysis. Logistic regression revealed two independent predictors of negative outcomes: CURB-65 score (OR = 2.55) and LDH (OR = 1.005); one predictor of ICU admission: LDH (OR = 1.004); and one predictor of prolonged hospitalization: the need for a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) upon admission (OR = 4.75). The ROC curve showed diagnostic indicators of negative outcomes: age, CURB-65 score, LDH, and GDF-15. The largest area under the curve (AUC = 0.767, specificity = 65.6, sensitivity = 83.9) was represented by GDF-15, with a cutoff value of 3528 pg/mL. For ICU admission, significant diagnostic indicators were LDH, CRP, and IL-6. Significant diagnostic indicators of prolonged hospitalization were CK, GGT, and oxygenation with an HFNC upon admission. This study reaffirms the significance of the commonly used laboratory parameters and clinical scores in evaluating COVID-19. Additionally, it introduces the potential for a new diagnostic approach and research concerning GDF-15 levels in this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Švitek
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Infectology and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Lišnjić
- Department of Infectology and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Barbara Grubišić
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Zlosa
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ema Schönberger
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nika Vlahović Vlašić
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Infectology and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petra Smajić
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Infectology and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Sabadi
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Infectology and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tara Rolić
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kralik
- Department of Medical Statistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Mandić
- Polyclinic LabPlus, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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8
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Kučerka O, Blahutová M, Kosek V, Mináriková P, Horáček JM, Urbánek P, Malý M. Exploring the Role of GDF-15 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Controlled Study Comparing Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis with Non-Inflammatory Controls. Metabolites 2024; 14:185. [PMID: 38668313 PMCID: PMC11051727 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a persistent immune-mediated inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. This study investigates the role of growth differentiation factor 15 in severe IBD cases, aiming to identify a reliable parameter to assess disease severity and monitor activity. We analyzed plasma samples from 100 patients undergoing biologic therapy for severe IBD and 50 control subjects. Our analysis included evaluations of GDF-15 levels, inflammatory markers, and clinical features. We employed statistical methods such as the Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Spearman's correlation for an in-depth analysis. Our results demonstrated consistently higher GDF-15 levels in patients with both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis compared to the control group, irrespective of the biologic treatment received. The correlation analysis indicated significant relationships between GDF-15 levels, patient age, fibrinogen, and IL-6 levels. This study positions GDF-15 as a promising biomarker for severe IBD, with notable correlations with age and inflammatory markers. These findings underscore GDF-15's potential in enhancing disease monitoring and management strategies in an IBD context and encourage further research to clarify GDF-15's role in the IBD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kučerka
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, 500 02 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Blahutová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Military University Hospital, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kosek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, University of Chemistry and Technology, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mináriková
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan M Horáček
- Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, 500 02 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Urbánek
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Malý
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Ramasamy I. Physiological Appetite Regulation and Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1347. [PMID: 38546831 PMCID: PMC10932430 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a common metabolic disorder and a threat to health as it is associated with numerous complications. Lifestyle modifications and caloric restriction can achieve limited weight loss. Bariatric surgery is an effective way of achieving substantial weight loss as well as glycemic control secondary to weight-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that an anorexigenic gut hormone response following bariatric surgery contributes to weight loss. Understanding the changes in gut hormones and their contribution to weight loss physiology can lead to new therapeutic treatments for weight loss. Two distinct types of neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic nuclei control food intake: proopiomelanocortin neurons activated by the anorexigenic (satiety) hormones and neurons activated by the orexigenic peptides that release neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide (hunger centre). The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus integrates hormonal inputs from the gut and adipose tissue (the anorexigenic hormones cholecystokinin, polypeptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, leptin, and others) and orexigeneic peptides (ghrelin). Replicating the endocrine response to bariatric surgery through pharmacological mimicry holds promise for medical treatment. Obesity has genetic and environmental factors. New advances in genetic testing have identified both monogenic and polygenic obesity-related genes. Understanding the function of genes contributing to obesity will increase insights into the biology of obesity. This review includes the physiology of appetite control, the influence of genetics on obesity, and the changes that occur following bariatric surgery. This has the potential to lead to the development of more subtle, individualised, treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Ramasamy
- Department of Blood Sciences, Conquest Hospital, Hastings TN37 7RD, UK
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10
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Sharma G, Sultana A, Abdullah KM, Pothuraju R, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Epigenetic regulation of bone remodeling and bone metastasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:275-285. [PMID: 36379849 PMCID: PMC10175516 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a continuous and dynamic process of bone formation and resorption to maintain its integrity and homeostasis. Bone marrow is a source of various cell lineages, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone formation and resorption, respectively, to maintain bone homeostasis. Epigenetics is one of the elementary regulations governing the physiology of bone remodeling. Epigenetic modifications, mainly DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, regulate stable transcriptional programs without causing specific heritable alterations. DNA methylation in CpG-rich promoters of the gene is primarily correlated with gene silencing, and histone modifications are associated with transcriptional activation/inactivation. However, non-coding RNAs regulate the metastatic potential of cancer cells to metastasize at secondary sites. Deregulated or altered epigenetic modifications are often seen in many cancers and interwound with bone-specific tropism and cancer metastasis. Histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylase, and DNA methyltransferases are promising targets in epigenetically altered cancer. High throughput epigenome mapping and targeting specific epigenetics modifiers will be helpful in the development of personalized epi-drugs for advanced and bone metastasis cancer patients. This review aims to discuss and gather more knowledge about different epigenetic modifications in bone remodeling and metastasis. Further, it provides new approaches for targeting epigenetic changes and therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ashrafi Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K M Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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11
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Guo M, Zhao H. Growth differentiation factor-15 may be a novel biomarker in pancreatic cancer: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36594. [PMID: 38335385 PMCID: PMC10860926 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant and invasive gastrointestinal tumor that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis and high mortality. Currently, carbohydrate antigen199(CA199) is the only biomarker approved by the FDA for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, but it has great limitations. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is expected to be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis, efficacy prediction, and prognosis assessment of pancreatic cancer patients. In this paper, we searched the keywords GDF-15, macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), CA199, pancreatic cancer, and tumor markers in PubMed and Web of Science, searched related articles, and read and analyzed the retrieved papers. Finally, we systematically described the characteristics, mechanism of action, and clinical value of GDF-15, aiming to provide help for the detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliated Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliated Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
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12
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Chang C, Cheng YY, Kamlapurkar S, White SR, Tang PW, Elhaw AT, Javed Z, Aird KM, Mythreye K, Phaëton R, Hempel N. GPX3 supports ovarian cancer tumor progression in vivo and promotes expression of GDF15. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577037. [PMID: 38352432 PMCID: PMC10862694 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective We previously reported that high expression of the extracellular glutathione peroxidase GPX3 is associated with poor patient outcome in ovarian serous adenocarcinomas, and that GPX3 protects ovarian cancer cells from oxidative stress in culture. Here we tested if GPX3 is necessary for tumor establishment in vivo and to identify novel downstream mediators of GPX3's pro-tumorigenic function. Methods GPX3 was knocked-down in ID8 ovarian cancer cells by shRNA to test the role of GPX3 in tumor establishment using a syngeneic IP xenograft model. RNA sequencing analysis was carried out in OVCAR3 cells following shRNA-mediated GPX3 knock-down to identify GPX3-dependent gene expression signatures. Results GPX3 knock-down abrogated clonogenicity and intraperitoneal tumor development in vivo, and the effects were dependent on the level of GPX3 knock-down. RNA sequencing showed that loss of GPX3 leads to decreased gene expression patterns related to pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways. Validation studies identified GDF15 as strongly dependent on GPX3. GDF15, a member of the TGF-β growth factor family, has known oncogenic and immune modulatory activities. Similarly, GPX3 expression positively correlated with pro-tumor immune cell signatures, including regulatory T-cell and macrophage infiltration, and displayed significant correlation with PD-L1 expression. Conclusions We show for the first time that tumor produced GPX3 is necessary for ovarian cancer growth in vivo and that it regulates expression of GDF15. The immune profile associated with GPX3 expression in serous ovarian tumors suggests that GPX3 may be an alternate marker of ovarian tumors susceptible to immune check-point inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kamlapurkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sierra R White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Priscilla W Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amal T Elhaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zaineb Javed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rébécca Phaëton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Martín-Reyes F, Bernal M, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Rodríguez-de los Reyes D, Ho-Plagaro A, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Camacho-Martel L, Camargo-Camero R, Rodríguez-González FJ, Alcain-Martínez G, Martín-Masot R, Navas-López VM, Villanueva-Paz M, Lucena MI, García-Fuentes E, López-Gómez C. Mitochondrial Stress Links Environmental Triggers with Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Crohn's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2105. [PMID: 38136224 PMCID: PMC10741078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic, inflammatory disorders of the gut. The incidence and activity of IBD are determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, polymorphisms in genes related to autophagy and the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been consistently associated with IBD. We show that NSAIDs induce mitochondrial stress and mitophagy in intestinal epithelial cells. In an altered mitophagy context simulating that observed in IBD patients, NSAID-induced mitochondrial stress leads to the release of mitochondrial components, which act as Danger Associated Molecular Patterns with pro-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, colonic organoids from Crohn's disease patients and healthy donors show activation of the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt) upon treatment with ibuprofen. Finally, colon biopsies from Crohn's disease patients in remission or with low-to-moderate activity also show expression of genes involved in UPRmt, while patients with severe activity show no increase compared to healthy donors. Our results suggest the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanisms triggering inflammation in IBD after NSAID use. Moreover, our results highlight the clinical relevance of mitochondrial stress and activation of the UPRmt pathway in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Martín-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernal
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Damaris Rodríguez-de los Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Laura Camacho-Martel
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Camargo-Camero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Alcain-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Masot
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Navas-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - María Isabel Lucena
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- UICEC IBIMA, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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14
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Runco DV, DiMeglio LA, Vanderpool CP, Han Y, Daggy J, Kelley MM, Mikesell R, Zimmers TA. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) elevation in children with newly diagnosed cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1295228. [PMID: 38146512 PMCID: PMC10749306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1295228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), an inflammatory marker and mediator of adult cancer cachexia, remains largely unexplored in children. GDF15 increases nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in cancer and contributes to malnutrition, with the potential to be a cachexia therapeutic target. No studies have examined GDF15 in children with newly diagnosed cancer. Our pilot study compares GDF15 in children with newly diagnosed cancer to age- and sex-matched controls and correlates levels with anthropometric measurements and quality of life (QOL). Methods Children with newly diagnosed cancer aged 2-21 years were enrolled with serum GDF15 ELISA, anthropometric measures [height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)], and QOL assessments (using PedsQL™ Core and Gastrointestinal Modules), which were collected at baseline and repeated 3 months later. Serum GDF15 levels were obtained from age- and sex-matched controls for comparison. Results A total of 57 participants enrolled (N=30, cancer group; N=27, control group) with a median age of 8.8 years (IQR 5.6-15.9 years). The participants were primarily male (54.4%), white (82.5%), and non-Hispanic (82.5%). Cancer diagnoses included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (N=8), lymphoma (N=8), neuroblastoma (N=5), soft tissue tumors (N=4), acute myeloid leukemia (N=2), and single participants with brain, kidney, and bone tumors. Baseline GDF15 was higher in the cancer cohort compared to the control cohort (median=614.6pg/mL and 320.5pg/mL, respectively; p<0.001). When examining participants with evaluable baseline and 3-month follow-up GDF15 levels (N=18), GDF15 was not statistically different (median=657.1pg/mL and 675.3pg/mL, respectively; p=0.702). A total of 13 of the 30 participants and 21 caregivers completed the PedsQL™ Core and Gastrointestinal symptom modules. QOL scores did not differ significantly at 3-month follow-up compared to baseline, but diarrhea worsened (p=0.017). Median participant response for diarrhea at baseline was 92.9 (IQR=92.9-96.4; N=13), which was significantly better than the follow-up (median=78.6; IQR= 71.4-92.9; p=0.017). There were no correlations between change in height, weight, or MUAC and change in GDF15 levels (p=0.351, 0.920, and 0.269 respectively). Conclusion GDF15 was elevated in children with cancer at diagnosis compared to controls but did not correlate with anthropometric measurements or QOL. This pilot study will inform future prospective studies to better describe the natural history of GDF15 and its role in cachexia and as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Runco
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Linda A. DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Charles P. Vanderpool
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joanne Daggy
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mary M. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Raya Mikesell
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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15
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Deng H, Gao J, Cao B, Qiu Z, Li T, Zhao R, Li H, Wei B. LncRNA CCAT2 promotes malignant progression of metastatic gastric cancer through regulating CD44 alternative splicing. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1675-1690. [PMID: 37354353 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide. Thus, it is necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms of GC progression and develop novel therapeutic regimens. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be abnormally expressed and regulate the malignant behaviors of cancer cells. Our previous research demonstrated that lncRNA colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) has potential value for GC diagnosis and discrimination. However, the functional mechanisms of lncRNA CCAT2 in GC development remain to be explored. METHODS GC and normal adjacent tissues were collected to detect the expression of lncRNA CCAT2, ESRP1 and CD44 in clinical specimens and their clinical significance for GC patients. Cell counting kit-8, wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to investigate the malignant behaviors in vitro. The generation of nude mouse xenografts by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and tail vein injection was performed to examine GC growth and metastasis in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNA-binding protein pull-down assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to reveal the binding relationships between ESRP1 and CD44. RESULTS In the present study, lncRNA CCAT2 was overexpressed in GC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and correlated with short survival time of patients. lncRNA CCAT2 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Its overexpression modulates alternative splicing of Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) variants and facilitates the conversion from the standard form to variable CD44 isoform 6 (CD44v6). Mechanistically, lncRNA CCAT2 upregulated CD44v6 expression by binding to epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1), which subsequently mediates CD44 alternative splicing. The oncogenic role of the lncRNA CCAT2/ESRP1/CD44 axis in the promotion of malignant behaviors was verified by both in vivo and in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified a novel mechanism by which lncRNA CCAT2, as a type of protein-binding RNA, regulates alternative splicing of CD44 and promotes GC progression. This axis may become an effective target for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jingwang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ziyu Qiu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
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16
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Guarnerio S, Tempest R, Maani R, Hunt S, Cole LM, Le Maitre CL, Chapple K, Peake N. Cellular Responses to Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Markers of Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16755. [PMID: 38069076 PMCID: PMC10706375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel screening tests aims to support early asymptomatic diagnosis and subtyping patients according to similar traits in the heterogeneous cancer cohort. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates for the detection of disease markers from bodily fluids, but limitations in the standardisation of isolation methods and the intrinsic EV heterogeneity obtained from liquid biopsies are currently obstacles to clinical adoption. Here, cellular responses to cancer EVs were initially explored as potential complementary biomarkers for stage separation using colorectal cancer (CRC) SW480 and SW620 cell line models. A pilot study on a small cohort of CRC patients and controls was then developed by performing a multivariate analysis of cellular responses to plasma-derived EVs. Several cell activities and markers involved in tumour microenvironment pathways were influenced by the treatment of cell line EVs in a stage-dependent manner. The multivariate analysis combining plasma EV markers and cellular responses to plasma EVs was able to separate patients according to disease stage. This preliminary study offers the potential of considering cellular responses to EVs in combination with EV biomarkers in the development of screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Guarnerio
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Rawan Maani
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Stuart Hunt
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Laura M. Cole
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Keith Chapple
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Nicholas Peake
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (S.G.); (R.M.)
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17
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Sundaramurthi H, Tonelotto V, Wynne K, O'Connell F, O’Reilly E, Costa-Garcia M, Kovácsházi C, Kittel A, Marcone S, Blanco A, Pallinger E, Hambalkó S, Piulats Rodriguez JM, Ferdinandy P, O'Sullivan J, Matallanas D, Jensen LD, Giricz Z, Kennedy BN. Ergolide mediates anti-cancer effects on metastatic uveal melanoma cells and modulates their cellular and extracellular vesicle proteomes. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 3:88. [PMID: 37981907 PMCID: PMC10654492 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.15973.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Uveal melanoma is a poor prognosis cancer. Ergolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula Brittanica, exerts anti-cancer properties. The objective of this study was to 1) evaluate whether ergolide reduced metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) cell survival/viability in vitro and in vivo; and 2) to understand the molecular mechanism of ergolide action. Methods Ergolide bioactivity was screened via long-term proliferation assay in UM/MUM cells and in zebrafish MUM xenograft models. Mass spectrometry profiled proteins modulated by ergolide within whole cell or extracellular vesicle (EVs) lysates of the OMM2.5 MUM cell line. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblots and correlation analyses to UM patient survival used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Results Ergolide treatment resulted in significant, dose-dependent reductions (48.5 to 99.9%; p<0.0001) in OMM2.5 cell survival in vitro and of normalized primary zebrafish xenograft fluorescence (56%; p<0.0001) in vivo, compared to vehicle controls. Proteome-profiling of ergolide-treated OMM2.5 cells, identified 5023 proteins, with 52 and 55 proteins significantly altered at 4 and 24 hours, respectively ( p<0.05; fold-change >1.2). Immunoblotting of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) corroborated the proteomic data. Additional proteomics of EVs isolated from OMM2.5 cells treated with ergolide, detected 2931 proteins. There was a large overlap with EV proteins annotated within the Vesiclepedia compendium. Within the differentially expressed proteins, the proteasomal pathway was primarily altered. Interestingly, BRCA2 and CDKN1A Interacting Protein (BCCIP) and Chitinase Domain Containing 1 (CHID1), were the only proteins significantly differentially expressed by ergolide in both the OMM2.5 cellular and EV isolates and they displayed inverse differential expression in the cells versus the EVs. Conclusions Ergolide is a novel, promising anti-proliferative agent for UM/MUM. Proteomic profiling of OMM2.5 cellular/EV lysates identified candidate pathways elucidating the action of ergolide and putative biomarkers of UM, that require further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Valentina Tonelotto
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Xenopat S.L., Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eve O’Reilly
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Marcel Costa-Garcia
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Csenger Kovácsházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Agnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simone Marcone
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Eva Pallinger
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | | | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Breandán N. Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
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18
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Sundaramurthi H, Tonelotto V, Wynne K, O'Connell F, O’Reilly E, Costa-Garcia M, Kovácsházi C, Kittel A, Marcone S, Blanco A, Pallinger E, Hambalkó S, Piulats Rodriguez JM, Ferdinandy P, O'Sullivan J, Matallanas D, Jensen LD, Giricz Z, Kennedy BN. Ergolide mediates anti-cancer effects on metastatic uveal melanoma cells and modulates their cellular and extracellular vesicle proteomes. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 3:88. [PMID: 37981907 PMCID: PMC10654492 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.15973.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma is a poor prognosis cancer. Ergolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula Brittanica, exerts anti-cancer properties. The objective of this study was to 1) evaluate whether ergolide reduced metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) cell survival/viability in vitro and in vivo; and 2) to understand the molecular mechanism of ergolide action. METHODS Ergolide bioactivity was screened via long-term proliferation assay in UM/MUM cells and in zebrafish MUM xenograft models. Mass spectrometry profiled proteins modulated by ergolide within whole cell or extracellular vesicle (EVs) lysates of the OMM2.5 MUM cell line. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblots and correlation analyses to UM patient survival used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. RESULTS Ergolide treatment resulted in significant, dose-dependent reductions (48.5 to 99.9%; p<0.0001) in OMM2.5 cell survival in vitro and of normalized primary zebrafish xenograft fluorescence (56%; p<0.0001) in vivo, compared to vehicle controls. Proteome-profiling of ergolide-treated OMM2.5 cells, identified 5023 proteins, with 52 and 55 proteins significantly altered at 4 and 24 hours, respectively ( p<0.05; fold-change >1.2). Immunoblotting of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) corroborated the proteomic data. Additional proteomics of EVs isolated from OMM2.5 cells treated with ergolide, detected 2931 proteins. There was a large overlap with EV proteins annotated within the Vesiclepedia compendium. Within the differentially expressed proteins, the proteasomal pathway was primarily altered. Interestingly, BRCA2 and CDKN1A Interacting Protein (BCCIP) and Chitinase Domain Containing 1 (CHID1), were the only proteins significantly differentially expressed by ergolide in both the OMM2.5 cellular and EV isolates and they displayed inverse differential expression in the cells versus the EVs. CONCLUSIONS Ergolide is a novel, promising anti-proliferative agent for UM/MUM. Proteomic profiling of OMM2.5 cellular/EV lysates identified candidate pathways elucidating the action of ergolide and putative biomarkers of UM, that require further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Valentina Tonelotto
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Xenopat S.L., Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eve O’Reilly
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Marcel Costa-Garcia
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Csenger Kovácsházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Agnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simone Marcone
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Eva Pallinger
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | | | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Breandán N. Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
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19
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Perry AS, Zhao S, Gajjar P, Murthy VL, Lehallier B, Miller P, Nair S, Neill C, Carr JJ, Fearon W, Kapadia S, Kumbhani D, Gillam L, Lindenfeld J, Farrell L, Marron MM, Tian Q, Newman AB, Murabito J, Gerszten RE, Nayor M, Elmariah S, Lindman BR, Shah R. Proteomic architecture of frailty across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13978. [PMID: 37731195 PMCID: PMC10652351 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While frailty is a prominent risk factor in an aging population, the underlying biology of frailty is incompletely described. Here, we integrate 979 circulating proteins across a wide range of physiologies with 12 measures of frailty in a prospective discovery cohort of 809 individuals with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Our aim was to characterize the proteomic architecture of frailty in a highly susceptible population and study its relation to clinical outcome and systems-wide phenotypes to define potential novel, clinically relevant frailty biology. Proteomic signatures (specifically of physical function) were related to post-intervention outcome in AS, specifying pathways of innate immunity, cell growth/senescence, fibrosis/metabolism, and a host of proteins not widely described in human aging. In published cohorts, the "frailty proteome" displayed heterogeneous trajectories across age (20-100 years, age only explaining a small fraction of variance) and were associated with cardiac and non-cardiac phenotypes and outcomes across two broad validation cohorts (N > 35,000) over ≈2-3 decades. These findings suggest the importance of precision biomarkers of underlying multi-organ health status in age-related morbidity and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Priya Gajjar
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Patricia Miller
- Department of Medicine, and Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sangeeta Nair
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Colin Neill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - William Fearon
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyStanford Medical CenterPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Samir Kapadia
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Dharam Kumbhani
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Linda Gillam
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMorristown Medical CenterMorristownNew JerseyUSA
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Laurie Farrell
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Megan M. Marron
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Qu Tian
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical and Translational ScienceUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joanne Murabito
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Matthew Nayor
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine and Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sammy Elmariah
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyThe University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brian R. Lindman
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ravi Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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20
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Ling T, Zhang J, Ding F, Ma L. Role of growth differentiation factor 15 in cancer cachexia (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:462. [PMID: 37780545 PMCID: PMC10534279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, is a stress-induced cytokine. Under normal circumstances, the expression of GDF15 is low in most tissues. It is highly expressed during tissue injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer. GDF15 has been established as a biomarker in patients with cancer, and is associated with cancer cachexia (CC) and poor survival. CC is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by severe muscle and adipose tissue atrophy, loss of appetite, anemia and bone loss. Cachexia leads to reductions in quality of life and tolerance to anticancer therapy, and results in a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Dysregulated GDF15 levels have been discovered in patients with CC and animal models, where they have been found to be involved in anorexia and weight loss. Although studies have suggested that GDF15 mediates anorexia and weight loss in CC through its neuroreceptor, glial cell-lineage neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like, the effects of GDF15 on CC and the potential regulatory mechanisms require further elucidation. In the present review, the characteristics of GDF15 and its roles and molecular mechanisms in CC are elaborated. The targeting of GDF15 as a potential therapeutic strategy for CC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ling
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Fuwan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Ma
- Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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21
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Holmannova D, Borsky P, Parova H, Stverakova T, Vosmik M, Hruska L, Fiala Z, Borska L. Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging-The Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15468. [PMID: 37895144 PMCID: PMC10607657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural, gradual, and inevitable process associated with a series of changes at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels that can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, including cancer. The most significant changes at the genomic level (DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic changes) and non-genomic changes are referred to as hallmarks of aging. The hallmarks of aging and cancer are intertwined. Many studies have focused on genomic hallmarks, but non-genomic hallmarks are also important and may additionally cause genomic damage and increase the expression of genomic hallmarks. Understanding the non-genomic hallmarks of aging and cancer, and how they are intertwined, may lead to the development of approaches that could influence these hallmarks and thus function not only to slow aging but also to prevent cancer. In this review, we focus on non-genomic changes. We discuss cell senescence, disruption of proteostasis, deregualation of nutrient sensing, dysregulation of immune system function, intercellular communication, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (Z.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (Z.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Helena Parova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Tereza Stverakova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Milan Vosmik
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.H.)
| | - Libor Hruska
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.H.)
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (Z.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (Z.F.); (L.B.)
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22
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Ye L, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Lei B. Exosomes-regulated lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:27-39. [PMID: 37291031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights the role of lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Targeting the processes of lipid metabolism, including lipogenesis, lipid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis, is an optimal strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Beyond cell-cell membrane surface interaction, exosomes are pivotal factors that transduce intercellular signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most research focuses on the role of lipid metabolism in regulating exosome biogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The mechanisms of exosome and ECM-mediated reprogramming of lipid metabolism are currently unclear. We summarize several mechanisms associated with the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer, including transport of exosomal carriers and membrane receptors, activation of the PI3K pathway, ECM ligand-receptor interactions, and mechanical stimulation. This review aims to highlight the significance of these intercellular factors in TME and to deepen the understanding of the functions of exosomes and ECM in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiguang Ye
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
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23
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Wells KV, Krackeler ML, Jathal MK, Parikh M, Ghosh PM, Leach JK, Genetos DC. Prostate cancer and bone: clinical presentation and molecular mechanisms. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e220360. [PMID: 37226936 PMCID: PMC10696925 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an increasingly prevalent health problem in the developed world. Effective treatment options exist for localized PCa, but metastatic PCa has fewer treatment options and shorter patient survival. PCa and bone health are strongly entwined, as PCa commonly metastasizes to the skeleton. Since androgen receptor signaling drives PCa growth, androgen-deprivation therapy whose sequelae reduce bone strength constitutes the foundation of advanced PCa treatment. The homeostatic process of bone remodeling - produced by concerted actions of bone-building osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and regulatory osteocytes - may also be subverted by PCa to promote metastatic growth. Mechanisms driving skeletal development and homeostasis, such as regional hypoxia or matrix-embedded growth factors, may be subjugated by bone metastatic PCa. In this way, the biology that sustains bone is integrated into adaptive mechanisms for the growth and survival of PCa in bone. Skeletally metastatic PCa is difficult to investigate due to the entwined nature of bone biology and cancer biology. Herein, we survey PCa from origin, presentation, and clinical treatment to bone composition and structure and molecular mediators of PCa metastasis to bone. Our intent is to quickly yet effectively reduce barriers to team science across multiple disciplines that focuses on PCa and metastatic bone disease. We also introduce concepts of tissue engineering as a novel perspective to model, capture, and study complex cancer-microenvironment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Wells
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Margaret L Krackeler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maitreyee K Jathal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Mamta Parikh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, California, USA
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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24
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Nishie K, Nishie T, Sato S, Hanaoka M. Update on the treatment of cancer cachexia. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103689. [PMID: 37385369 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex multifaceted syndrome involving functional impairment and changes in body composition that cannot be reversed by nutritional support. Cancer cachexia is characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass, increased lipolysis, and decreased food intake. Cancer cachexia decreases chemotherapy tolerance as well as quality of life. However, because no fully effective interventions are available, cancer cachexia remains an unmet need in cancer treatment. In recent years, several discoveries and treatments for cancer cachexia have been studied, and guidelines have been published. We believe that the development of effective strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia will lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nishie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iida Municipal Hospital, 438 Yawatamachi Iida Nagano, 395-0814, Japan; The First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Nishie
- The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Iida Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hanaoka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan
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25
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Wen F, Guan X, Qu HX, Jiang XJ. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-seq establishes a novel signature for prediction in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1215-1226. [PMID: 37546563 PMCID: PMC10401466 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell sequencing technology provides the capability to analyze changes in specific cell types during the progression of disease. However, previous single-cell sequencing studies on gastric cancer (GC) have largely focused on immune cells and stromal cells, and further elucidation is required regarding the alterations that occur in gastric epithelial cells during the development of GC.
AIM To create a GC prediction model based on single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data.
METHODS In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis by integrating three single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets and ten bulk RNA-seq datasets. Our analysis mainly focused on determining cell proportions and identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Specifically, we performed differential expression analysis among epithelial cells in GC tissues and normal gastric tissues (NAGs) and utilized both single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data to establish a prediction model for GC. We further validated the accuracy of the GC prediction model in bulk RNA-seq data. We also used Kaplan–Meier plots to verify the correlation between genes in the prediction model and the prognosis of GC.
RESULTS By analyzing scRNA-seq data from a total of 70707 cells from GC tissue, NAG, and chronic gastric tissue, 10 cell types were identified, and DEGs in GC and normal epithelial cells were screened. After determining the DEGs in GC and normal gastric samples identified by bulk RNA-seq data, a GC predictive classifier was constructed using the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest methods. The LASSO classifier showed good performance in both validation and model verification using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets [area under the curve (AUC)_min = 0.988, AUC_1se = 0.994], and the random forest model also achieved good results with the validation set (AUC = 0.92). Genes TIMP1, PLOD3, CKS2, TYMP, TNFRSF10B, CPNE1, GDF15, BCAP31, and CLDN7 were identified to have high importance values in multiple GC predictive models, and KM-PLOTTER analysis showed their relevance to GC prognosis, suggesting their potential for use in GC diagnosis and treatment.
CONCLUSION A predictive classifier was established based on the analysis of RNA-seq data, and the genes in it are expected to serve as auxiliary markers in the clinical diagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wen
- Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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26
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Li W, Li W, Zhang W, Wang H, Yu L, Yang P, Qin Y, Gan M, Yang X, Huang L, Hao Y, Geng D. Exogenous melatonin ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modulating ferroptosis through GDF15-mediated signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:171. [PMID: 37400902 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is an iron-related form of programmed cell death. Accumulating evidence has identified the pathogenic role of ferroptosis in multiple orthopedic disorders. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and SONFH is still unclear. In addition, despite being a common disease in orthopedics, there is still no effective treatment for SONFH. Therefore, clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of SONFH and investigating pharmacologic inhibitors from approved clinical drugs for SONFH is an effective strategy for clinical translation. Melatonin (MT), an endocrine hormone that has become a popular dietary supplement because of its excellent antioxidation, was supplemented from an external source to treat glucocorticoid-induced damage in this study. METHODS Methylprednisolone, a commonly used glucocorticoid in the clinic, was selected to simulate glucocorticoid-induced injury in the current study. Ferroptosis was observed through the detection of ferroptosis-associated genes, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial function. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of SONFH. In addition, a melatonin receptor antagonist and shGDF15 were applied to block the therapeutic effect of MT to further confirm the mechanism. Finally, cell experiments and the SONFH rat model were used to detect the therapeutic effects of MT. RESULTS MT alleviated bone loss in SONFH rats by maintaining BMSC activity through suppression of ferroptosis. The results are further verified by the melatonin MT2 receptor antagonist that can block the therapeutic effects of MT. In addition, bioinformatic analysis and subsequent experiments confirmed that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress response cytokine, was downregulated in the process of SONFH. On the contrary, MT treatment increased the expression of GDF15 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Lastly, rescue experiments performed with shGDF15 confirmed that GDF15 plays a key role in the therapeutic effects of melatonin. CONCLUSIONS We proposed that MT attenuated SONFH by inhibiting ferroptosis through the regulation of GDF15, and supplementation with exogenous MT might be a promising method for the treatment of SONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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27
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Zhou Z, Liu H, Ju H, Chen H, Jin H, Sun M. Circulating GDF-15 in relation to the progression and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 110:77-85. [PMID: 36740468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) typically exhibit circulating growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) at high levels. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the potential value of GDF-15 in predicting CKD progression and prognosis. Furthermore, when sufficient information was provided, the dose-response correlation was studied. METHODS Studies were searched in Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed from inception until November 2022. By using random- or fixed-effects models, the pooled effect size was estimated in accordance with heterogeneity in existing research. RESULTS This study covered 14 studies from 12 articles with 7813 subjects participating in the research. CKD patients in the top GDF-15 tertile had notably higher risks of CKD progression (HR 2.60, 95% CI 2.06-3.27), all-cause mortality (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.44-2.92), cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.85-4.30), and cardiovascular events (HR 2.74, 95% CI 2.21-3.40), as compared to CKD patients in the bottom tertile. In the dose-response study, the risks for CKD progression, all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and cardiovascular events were increased by 31% (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.06-1.61), 44% (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.92), 67% (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.37-2.03), and 55% (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.31-1.83), respectively, with per 1 ng/mL increase in GDF-15. The positive linear correlations between GDF-15 and CKD progression and prognosis in a certain GDF-15 concentration range of approximately 0-3 ng/mL were indicated by the dose-response curve. CONCLUSIONS Circulating GDF-15 independently predicted CKD progression and worse prognosis; however, the predicted correlations may fall into a specific range of GDF-15 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu 224001, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangsu 226361, China
| | - Huixiang Ju
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu 224001, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu 224001, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu 224001, China.
| | - Mingzhong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu 224001, China.
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28
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Joo M, Kim D, Lee MW, Lee HJ, Kim JM. GDF15 Promotes Cell Growth, Migration, and Invasion in Gastric Cancer by Inducing STAT3 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032925. [PMID: 36769245 PMCID: PMC9917887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been reported to play an important role in cancer and is secreted and involved in the progression of various cancers, including ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, the functional mechanism of GDF15 in gastric cancer is still unclear. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to estimate the expression of GDF15 in 178 gastric cancer tissues. The biological role and action mechanism of GDF15 were investigated by examining the effect of GDF15 knockdown in AGS and SNU216 gastric cancer cells. Here, we report that the high expression of GDF15 was associated with invasion depth (p = 0.002), nodal involvement (p = 0.003), stage III/IV (p = 0.01), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.05), and tumor size (p = 0.049), which are related to poor survival in gastric cancer patients. GDF15 knockdown induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and remarkably inhibited cell proliferation and reduced cell motility, migration, and invasion compared to the control. GDF15 knockdown inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the STAT3 phosphorylation signaling pathways. Taken together, our results indicate that GDF15 expression is associated with aggressive gastric cancer by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting that the GDF15-STAT3 signaling axis is a potential therapeutic target against gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Joo
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.L.); (J.-M.K.); Tel.: +82-42-280-8369 (H.J.L.); +82-42-580-8237 (J.-M.K.)
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.L.); (J.-M.K.); Tel.: +82-42-280-8369 (H.J.L.); +82-42-580-8237 (J.-M.K.)
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29
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Mughees M, Kaushal JB, Sharma G, Wajid S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Chemokines and cytokines: Axis and allies in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:497-512. [PMID: 35181473 PMCID: PMC9793433 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are recognized as the major contributor to various tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and failures of current cancer therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with chemokines and cytokines and plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Chronic inflammation is also considered an instructive process of cancer progression, where chemokines are spatiotemporally secreted by malignant cells and leukocyte subtypes that initiate cell trafficking into the TME. In various cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is reported as one of the leading cancers in the worldwide male population. The chemokines-mediated signaling pathways are intensively involved in PCa progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokines and cytokines are responsible for the pleiotropic actions in cancer, including the growth, angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition, leukocyte infiltration, and hormone escape for advanced PCa and therapy resistance. Chemokine's system and immune cells represent a promising target to suppress tumorigenic environments and serve as potential therapy/immunotherapy for the PCa. In this review, an attempt has been made to shed light on the alteration of chemokine and cytokine profiles during PCa progression and metastasis. We also discussed the recent findings of the diverse molecular signaling of these circulating chemokines and their corresponding receptors that could become future targets for therapeutic management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA(1)
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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30
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Sharma G, Pothuraju R, Kanchan RK, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Chemokines network in bone metastasis: Vital regulators of seeding and soiling. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:457-472. [PMID: 35124194 PMCID: PMC9744380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are well equipped with chemo-attractive signals that can regulate cancer cell trafficking to specific organ sites. Currently, updated concepts have revealed the diverse role of chemokines in the biology of cancer initiation and progression. Genomic instabilities and alterations drive tumor heterogeneity, providing more options for the selection and metastatic progression to cancer cells. Tumor heterogeneity and acquired drug resistance are the main obstacles in managing cancer therapy and the primary root cause of metastasis. Studies emphasize that multiple chemokine/receptor axis are involved in cancer cell-mediated organ-specific distant metastasis. One of the persuasive mechanisms for heterogeneity and subsequent events is sturdily interlinked with the crosstalk between chemokines and their receptors on cancer cells and tissue-specific microenvironment. Among different metastatic niches, skeletal metastasis is frequently observed in the late stages of prostate, breast, and lung cancer and significantly reduces the survival of cancer patients. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the role of chemokines and their receptors in metastasis and bone remodeling. Here, we review the potential chemokine/receptor axis in tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, metastasis, and vicious cycle in bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ranjana Kumari Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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De Paepe B. The Cytokine Growth Differentiation Factor-15 and Skeletal Muscle Health: Portrait of an Emerging Widely Applicable Disease Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113180. [PMID: 36361969 PMCID: PMC9654287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a stress-induced transforming growth factor-β superfamily cytokine with versatile functions in human health. Elevated GDF-15 blood levels associate with multiple pathological conditions, and are currently extensively explored for diagnosis, and as a means to monitor disease progression and evaluate therapeutic responses. This review analyzes GDF-15 in human conditions specifically focusing on its association with muscle manifestations of sarcopenia, mitochondrial myopathy, and autoimmune and viral myositis. The use of GDF-15 as a widely applicable health biomarker to monitor muscle disease is discussed, and its potential as a therapeutic target is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boel De Paepe
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Increased Density of Growth Differentiation Factor-15+ Immunoreactive M1/M2 Macrophages in Prostate Cancer of Different Gleason Scores Compared with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194591. [PMID: 36230513 PMCID: PMC9578283 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer and cause of death in men worldwide. The main challenge is to discover biomarkers for malignancy to guide the physician towards optimized diagnosis and therapy. There is recent evidence that growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is elevated in cancer patients. Therefore, we aimed to decipher GDF-15+ cell types and their density in biopsies of human PCa patients with Gleason score (GS)6–9 and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Here we show that the density of GDF-15+ cells, mainly identified as interstitial macrophages (MΦ), was higher in GS6–9 than in BPH, and, thus, GDF-15 is intended to differentiate patients with high GS vs. BPH, as well as GS6 vs. GS7 (or even with higher malignancy). Some GDF-15+ MΦ showed a transepithelial migration into the glandular lumen and, thus, might be used for measurement in urine/semen. Taken together, GDF-15 is proposed as a novel tool to diagnose PCa vs. BPH or malignancy (GS6 vs. higher GS) and as a potential target for anti-tumor therapy. GDF-15 in seminal plasma and/or urine could be utilized as a non-invasive biomarker of PCa as compared to BPH. Abstract Although growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is highly expressed in PCa, its role in the development and progression of PCa is unclear. The present study aims to determine the density of GDF-15+ cells and immune cells (M1-/M2 macrophages [MΦ], lymphocytes) in PCa of different Gleason scores (GS) compared to BPH. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence were performed on paraffin-embedded human PCa and BPH biopsies with antibodies directed against GDF-15, CD68 (M1 MΦ), CD163 (M2 MΦ), CD4, CD8, CD19 (T /B lymphocytes), or PD-L1. PGP9.5 served as a marker for innervation and neuroendocrine cells. GDF-15+ cell density was higher in all GS than in BPH. CD68+ MΦ density in GS9 and CD163+ MΦ exceeded that in BPH. GDF-15+ cell density correlated significantly positively with CD68+ or CD163+ MΦ density in extratumoral areas. Double immunoreactive GDF-15+/CD68+ cells were found as transepithelial migrating MΦ. Stromal CD68+ MΦ lacked GDF-15+. The area of PGP9.5+ innervation was higher in GS9 than in BPH. PGP9.5+ cells, occasionally copositive for GDF-15+, also occurred in the glandular epithelium. In GS6, but not in BPH, GDF-15+, PD-L1+, and CD68+ cells were found in epithelium within luminal excrescences. The degree of extra-/intra-tumoral GDF-15 increases in M1/M2Φ is proposed to be useful to stratify progredient malignancy of PCa. GDF-15 is a potential target for anti-tumor therapy.
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Roy D, Modi A, Ghosh R, Ghosh R, Benito-León J. Visceral Adipose Tissue Molecular Networks and Regulatory microRNA in Pediatric Obesity: An In Silico Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911036. [PMID: 36232337 PMCID: PMC9569899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity carries an increased risk of metabolic complications, sleep disturbances, and cancer. Visceral adiposity is independently associated with inflammation and insulin resistance in obese children. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. We aimed to detect the gene expression pattern and its regulatory network in the visceral adipose tissue of obese pediatric individuals. Using differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) identified from two publicly available datasets, GSE9624 and GSE88837, we performed functional enrichment, protein–protein interaction, and network analyses to identify pathways, targeting transcription factors (TFs), microRNA (miRNA), and regulatory networks. There were 184 overlapping DEGs with six significant clusters and 19 candidate hub genes. Furthermore, 24 TFs targeted these hub genes. The genes were regulated by miR-16-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-103a-3p, and miR-107, the top miRNA, according to a maximum number of miRNA–mRNA interaction pairs. The miRNA were significantly enriched in several pathways, including lipid metabolism, immune response, vascular inflammation, and brain development, and were associated with prediabetes, diabetic nephropathy, depression, solid tumors, and multiple sclerosis. The genes and miRNA detected in this study involve pathways and diseases related to obesity and obesity-associated complications. The results emphasize the importance of the TGF-β signaling pathway and its regulatory molecules, the immune system, and the adipocytic apoptotic pathway in pediatric obesity. The networks associated with this condition and the molecular mechanisms through which the potential regulators contribute to pathogenesis are open to investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Humanities, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi 110044, Delhi, India
| | - Anupama Modi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ritwik Ghosh
- Department of General Medicine, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Raghumoy Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Julián Benito-León
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Av. De Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. De Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Pl. de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Fiorucci S, Urbani G. GDF15 in Vascular and Liver Metabolic Disorders: A Novel Therapeutic Target. RECENT ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 16:55-59. [PMID: 36578252 DOI: 10.2174/277227081602221221113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Xie L, Wu S, He R, Li S, Lai X, Wang Z. Identification of epigenetic dysregulation gene markers and immune landscape in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma by comprehensive genomic analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901662. [PMID: 36059531 PMCID: PMC9433776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is one the most lethal cancers of the urinary system, but current treatments are limited and its prognosis is poor. This study focused on kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and analyzed the relationship between epigenetic alterations and KIRC prognosis, and explored the prognostic significance of these findings in KIRC patients. Based on multi-omics data, differentially expressed histone-modified genes were identified using the R package limma package. Gene enhancers were detected from data in the FANTOM5 database. Gene promoters were screened using the R package ChIPseeker, and the Bumphunter in the R package CHAMP was applied to screen differentially methylated regions (DMR). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of genes was performed using the R package clusterProfiler. We identified 51 dysregulated epigenetic protein coding genes (epi-PCGs) from 872 epi-PCGs, and categorized three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) of KIRC samples with significantly different prognosis. Notably, among the three molecular subtypes, we found a markedly differential immune features in immune checkpoints, cytokines, immune signatures, and immune cell distribution. C2 subtype had significantly lower enrichment score of IFNγ, cytotoxic score (CYT), and angiogenesis. In addition, an 8-gene signature containing 8 epi-PCGs (ETV4, SH2B3, FATE1, GRK5, MALL, HRH2, SEMA3G, and SLC10A6) was developed for predicting KIRC prognosis. Prognosis of patients with a high 8-gene signature score was significantly worse than those with a low 8-gene signature score, which was also validated by the independent validation data. The 8-gene signature had a better performance compared with previous signatures of KIRC. Overall, this study highlighted the important role of epigenetic regulation in KIRC development, and explored prognostic epi-PCGs, which may provide a guidance for exploiting further pathological mechanisms of KIRC and for developing novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodan Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 958 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodan Lai, ; Zhe Wang,
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodan Lai, ; Zhe Wang,
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Wang Y, Chen J, Chen C, Peng H, Lin X, Zhao Q, Chen S, Wang X. Growth differentiation factor-15 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in cerebral lower-grade gliomas correlated with hypoxia and glycolysis signature. Life Sci 2022; 302:120645. [PMID: 35588865 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) plays complex and controversial roles in cancer. In this study, the prognostic value and the exact biological function of GDF15 in cerebral lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and its potential molecular targets were examined. MAIN METHODS Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were applied to analyze associations between GDF15 expression and clinical characteristics using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the hypoxia risk model was conducted to identify the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GDF15 on LGGs tumorigenesis. The biological function of GDF15 was examined using gain- and loss-of-function experiments, and a recombinant hGDF15 protein in LGG SW1783 cells in vitro. KEY FINDINGS We found that higher GDF15 expression is associated with poor clinical features in LGG patients, and an independent risk factor for overall survival among LGG patients. GSEA results showed that the poor prognostic role of GDF15 in LGGs is related to hypoxia and glycolysis signatures, which was further validated using the hypoxia risk model. Furthermore, GDF15 overexpression facilitated cell proliferation, while GDF15 siRNA inhibits cell proliferation in LGG SW1783 cells. In addition, GDF15 was upregulated upon CoCl2 treatment which induces hypoxia, correlating with the upregulation of the expressions of HIF-1α and glycolysis-related key genes in SW1783 cells. SIGNIFICANCE GDF15 may promote LGG tumorigenesis that is associated with the hypoxia and glycolysis pathways, and thus could serve as a promising molecular target for LGG prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - He Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shengjia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xingya Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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N-glycosylation of GDF15 abolishes its inhibitory effect on EGFR in AR inhibitor-resistant prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:626. [PMID: 35853851 PMCID: PMC9296468 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistance of prostate cancer is one of the most challenging clinical problems. In the present study, we have performed proteomics and glycomics using LNCaP model. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) level is increased in androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor-resistant cells and the inhibitory effect of GDF15 on epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is relieved by GDF15 N70 glycosylation. Interference of GDF15 (siRNA or N70Q dominant negative) or EGFR pathway (inhibitor or siRNA for EGFR, SRC or ERK) decreases the resistant-cell survival in culture and tumor growth in mice. Our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of prostate cancer AR inhibitor resistance, raises the possibility of AR/SRC dual-targeting of castration-resistance of prostate cancer, and lays foundation for the future development of selective inhibitors of GDF15 glycosylation.
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Weng PW, Pikatan NW, Setiawan SA, Yadav VK, Fong IH, Hsu CH, Yeh CT, Lee WH. Role of GDF15/MAPK14 Axis in Chondrocyte Senescence as a Novel Senomorphic Agent in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137043. [PMID: 35806043 PMCID: PMC9266723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is most prevalent in older individuals and exerts a heavy social and economic burden. However, an effective and noninvasive approach to OA treatment is currently not available. Chondrocyte senescence has recently been proposed as a key pathogenic mechanism in the etiology of OA. Furthermore, senescent chondrocytes (SnCCs) can release various proinflammatory cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, and other substances known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), allowing them to connect with surrounding cells and induce senesce. Studies have shown that the pharmacological elimination of SnCCs slows the progression of OA and promotes regeneration. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the tumor growth factor (TGF) superfamily, has recently been identified as a possible aging biomarker and has been linked to a variety of clinical conditions, including coronary artery disease, diabetes, and multiple cancer types. Thus, we obtained data from a publicly available single-cell sequencing RNA database and observed that GDF15, a critical protein in cellular senescence, is highly expressed in early OA. In addition, GDF15 is implicated in the senescence and modulation of MAPK14 in OA. Tissue and synovial fluid samples obtained from OA patients showed overexpression of GDF15. Next, we treated C20A4 cell lines with interleukin (IL)-1β with or without shGDF15 then removed the conditioned medium, and cultured C20A4 and HUVEC cell lines with the aforementioned media. We observed that C20A4 cells treated with IL-1β exhibited increased GDF15 secretion and that chondrocytes cultured with media derived from IL-1β–treated C20A4 exhibited senescence. HUVEC cell migration and tube formation were enhanced after culturing with IL-1β-treated chondrocyte media; however, decreased HUVEC cell migration and tube formation were noted in HUVEC cells cultured with GDF15-loss media. We tested the potential of inhibiting GDF15 by using a GDF15 neutralizing antibody, GDF15-nAb. GDF15-nAb exerted a similar effect, resulting in the molecular silencing of GDF15 in vivo and in vitro. Our results reveal that GDF15 is a driver of SnCCs and can contribute to OA progression by inducing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Narpati Wesa Pikatan
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Syahru Agung Setiawan
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Chia-Hung Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (W.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8883) (C.-H.H.); +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8888) (W.-H.L.); Fax: +886-2-2248-0900 (C.-H.H.); +886-3-5401480 (W.-H.L.)
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; (N.W.P.); (S.A.S.); (V.K.Y.); (I.-H.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.H.); (W.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8883) (C.-H.H.); +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8888) (W.-H.L.); Fax: +886-2-2248-0900 (C.-H.H.); +886-3-5401480 (W.-H.L.)
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