1
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Das A, Rivera-Serrano EE, Yin X, Walker CM, Feng Z, Lemon SM. Cell entry and release of quasi-enveloped human hepatitis viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:573-589. [PMID: 37185947 PMCID: PMC10127183 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hepatitis type A and type E are caused by phylogenetically distinct single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that were once considered to be non-enveloped. However, studies show that both are released nonlytically from hepatocytes as 'quasi-enveloped' virions cloaked in host membranes. These virion types predominate in the blood of infected individuals and mediate virus spread within the liver. They lack virally encoded proteins on their surface and are resistant to neutralizing anti-capsid antibodies induced by infection, yet they efficiently enter cells and initiate new rounds of virus replication. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which specific peptide sequences in the capsids of these quasi-enveloped virions mediate their endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent release from hepatocytes through multivesicular endosomes, what is known about how they enter cells, and the impact of capsid quasi-envelopment on host immunity and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Das
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Efraín E Rivera-Serrano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - Xin Yin
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Christopher M Walker
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Mehdi SMM, Szczesniak MW, Ludwików A. The Bro1-like domain-containing protein, AtBro1, modulates growth and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1157435. [PMID: 37251780 PMCID: PMC10213323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1157435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) affects plant physiology by altering gene expression, enabling plants to adapt to a wide range of environments. Plants have evolved protective mechanisms to allow seed germination in harsh conditions. Here, we explore a subset of these mechanisms involving the AtBro1 gene, which encodes one of a small family of poorly characterised Bro1-like domain-containing proteins, in Arabidopsis thaliana plants subjected to multiple abiotic stresses. AtBro1 transcripts were upregulated by salt, ABA and mannitol stress, while AtBro1-overexpression lines demonstrated robust tolerance to drought and salt stress. Furthermore, we found that ABA elicits stress-resistance responses in loss-of-function bro1-1 mutant plants and AtBro1 regulates drought resistance in Arabidopsis. When the AtBro1 promoter was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and introduced into plants, GUS was expressed mainly in rosette leaves and floral clusters, especially in anthers. Using a construct expressing an AtBro1-GFP fusion protein, AtBro1 was found to be localized in the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis protoplasts. A broad RNA-sequencing analysis revealed specific quantitative differences in the early transcriptional responses to ABA treatment between wild-type and loss-of-function bro1-1 mutant plants, suggesting that ABA stimulates stress-resistance responses via AtBro1. Additionally, transcripts levels of MOP9.5, MRD1, HEI10, and MIOX4 were altered in bro1-1 plants exposed to different stress conditions. Collectively, our results show that AtBro1 plays a significant role in the regulation of the plant transcriptional response to ABA and the induction of resistance responses to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Wojciech Szczesniak
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwików
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
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3
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Wenzel DM, Mackay DR, Skalicky JJ, Paine EL, Miller MS, Ullman KS, Sundquist WI. Comprehensive analysis of the human ESCRT-III-MIT domain interactome reveals new cofactors for cytokinetic abscission. eLife 2022; 11:e77779. [PMID: 36107470 PMCID: PMC9477494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 12 related human ESCRT-III proteins form filaments that constrict membranes and mediate fission, including during cytokinetic abscission. The C-terminal tails of polymerized ESCRT-III subunits also bind proteins that contain Microtubule-Interacting and Trafficking (MIT) domains. MIT domains can interact with ESCRT-III tails in many different ways to create a complex binding code that is used to recruit essential cofactors to sites of ESCRT activity. Here, we have comprehensively and quantitatively mapped the interactions between all known ESCRT-III tails and 19 recombinant human MIT domains. We measured 228 pairwise interactions, quantified 60 positive interactions, and discovered 18 previously unreported interactions. We also report the crystal structure of the SPASTIN MIT domain in complex with the IST1 C-terminal tail. Three MIT enzymes were studied in detail and shown to: (1) localize to cytokinetic midbody membrane bridges through interactions with their specific ESCRT-III binding partners (SPASTIN-IST1, KATNA1-CHMP3, and CAPN7-IST1), (2) function in abscission (SPASTIN, KATNA1, and CAPN7), and (3) function in the 'NoCut' abscission checkpoint (SPASTIN and CAPN7). Our studies define the human MIT-ESCRT-III interactome, identify new factors and activities required for cytokinetic abscission and its regulation, and provide a platform for analyzing ESCRT-III and MIT cofactor interactions in all ESCRT-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Douglas R Mackay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jack J Skalicky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Elliott L Paine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Katharine S Ullman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
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4
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Shirasaki T, Feng H, Duyvesteyn HME, Fusco WG, McKnight KL, Xie L, Boyce M, Kumar S, Barouch-Bentov R, González-López O, McNamara R, Wang L, Hertel-Wulff A, Chen X, Einav S, Duncan JA, Kapustina M, Fry EE, Stuart DI, Lemon SM. Nonlytic cellular release of hepatitis A virus requires dual capsid recruitment of the ESCRT-associated Bro1 domain proteins HD-PTP and ALIX. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010543. [PMID: 35969644 PMCID: PMC9410543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although picornaviruses are conventionally considered 'nonenveloped', members of multiple picornaviral genera are released nonlytically from infected cells in extracellular vesicles. The mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Here, we describe interactions of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) capsid with components of host endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) that play an essential role in release. We show release of quasi-enveloped virus (eHAV) in exosome-like vesicles requires a conserved export signal located within the 8 kDa C-terminal VP1 pX extension that functions in a manner analogous to late domains of canonical enveloped viruses. Fusing pX to a self-assembling engineered protein nanocage (EPN-pX) resulted in its ESCRT-dependent release in extracellular vesicles. Mutational analysis identified a 24 amino acid peptide sequence located within the center of pX that was both necessary and sufficient for nanocage release. Deleting a YxxL motif within this sequence ablated eHAV release, resulting in virus accumulating intracellularly. The pX export signal is conserved in non-human hepatoviruses from a wide range of mammalian species, and functional in pX sequences from bat hepatoviruses when fused to the nanocage protein, suggesting these viruses are released as quasi-enveloped virions. Quantitative proteomics identified multiple ESCRT-related proteins associating with EPN-pX, including ALG2-interacting protein X (ALIX), and its paralog, tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 23 (HD-PTP), a second Bro1 domain protein linked to sorting of ubiquitylated cargo into multivesicular endosomes. RNAi-mediated depletion of either Bro1 domain protein impeded eHAV release. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy demonstrated colocalization of viral capsids with endogenous ALIX and HD-PTP. Co-immunoprecipitation assays using biotin-tagged peptides and recombinant proteins revealed pX interacts directly through the export signal with N-terminal Bro1 domains of both HD-PTP and ALIX. Our study identifies an exceptionally potent viral export signal mediating extracellular release of virus-sized protein assemblies and shows release requires non-redundant activities of both HD-PTP and ALIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hui Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - William G. Fusco
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. McKnight
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ling Xie
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark Boyce
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rina Barouch-Bentov
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Olga González-López
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ryan McNamara
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Li Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adriana Hertel-Wulff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xian Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shirit Einav
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan-Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Duncan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maryna Kapustina
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley M. Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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5
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Tseng CC, Piper RC, Katzmann DJ. Bro1 family proteins harmonize cargo sorting with vesicle formation. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100276. [PMID: 35770783 PMCID: PMC9575758 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) drive membrane remodeling in a variety of cellular processes that include the formation of endosomal intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) during multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis. During MVB sorting, ESCRTs recognize ubiquitin (Ub) attached to membrane protein cargo and execute ILV formation by controlling the activities of ESCRT-III polymers regulated by the AAA-ATPase Vps4. Exactly how these events are coordinated to ensure proper cargo loading into ILVs remains unclear. Here we discuss recent work documenting the ability of Bro1, an ESCRT-associated Ub-binding protein, to coordinate ESCRT-III and Vps4-dependent ILV biogenesis with upstream events such as cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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6
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Hardin WR, Alas GCM, Taparia N, Thomas EB, Steele-Ogus MC, Hvorecny KL, Halpern AR, Tůmová P, Kollman JM, Vaughan JC, Sniadecki NJ, Paredez AR. The Giardia ventrolateral flange is a lamellar membrane protrusion that supports attachment. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010496. [PMID: 35482847 PMCID: PMC9089883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment to the intestinal epithelium is critical to the lifestyle of the ubiquitous parasite Giardia lamblia. The ventrolateral flange is a sheet-like membrane protrusion at the interface between parasites and attached surfaces. This structure has been implicated in attachment, but its role has been poorly defined. Here, we identified a novel actin associated protein with putative WH2-like actin binding domains we named Flangin. Flangin complexes with Giardia actin (GlActin) and is enriched in the ventrolateral flange making it a valuable marker for studying the flanges' role in Giardia biology. Live imaging revealed that the flange grows to around 1 μm in width after cytokinesis, then remains uniform in size during interphase, grows in mitosis, and is resorbed during cytokinesis. A flangin truncation mutant stabilizes the flange and blocks cytokinesis, indicating that flange disassembly is necessary for rapid myosin-independent cytokinesis in Giardia. Rho family GTPases are important regulators of membrane protrusions and GlRac, the sole Rho family GTPase in Giardia, was localized to the flange. Knockdown of Flangin, GlActin, and GlRac result in flange formation defects. This indicates a conserved role for GlRac and GlActin in forming membrane protrusions, despite the absence of canonical actin binding proteins that link Rho GTPase signaling to lamellipodia formation. Flangin-depleted parasites had reduced surface contact and when challenged with fluid shear force in flow chambers they had a reduced ability to remain attached, confirming a role for the flange in attachment. This secondary attachment mechanism complements the microtubule based adhesive ventral disc, a feature that may be particularly important during mitosis when the parental ventral disc disassembles in preparation for cytokinesis. This work supports the emerging view that Giardia's unconventional actin cytoskeleton has an important role in supporting parasite attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Hardin
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Germain C. M. Alas
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nikita Taparia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth B. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Melissa C. Steele-Ogus
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kelli L. Hvorecny
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Halpern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pavla Tůmová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Justin M. Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Paredez
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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7
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Buysse D, West M, Leih M, Odorizzi G. Bro1 binds the Vps20 subunit of ESCRT-III and promotes ESCRT-III regulation by Doa4. Traffic 2022; 23:109-119. [PMID: 34908216 PMCID: PMC8792227 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The budding of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes requires membrane scission by the ESCRT-III complex. This step is negatively regulated in yeast by Doa4, the ubiquitin hydrolase that deubiquitinates transmembrane proteins sorted as cargoes into ILVs. Doa4 acts non-enzymatically to inhibit ESCRT-III membrane scission activity by directly binding the Snf7 subunit of ESCRT-III. This interaction inhibits the remodeling/disassembly of Snf7 polymers required for the ILV membrane scission reaction. Thus, Doa4 is thought to have a structural role that delays ILV budding while it also functions enzymatically to deubiquitinate ILV cargoes. In this study, we show that Doa4 binding to Snf7 in vivo is antagonized by another ESCRT-III subunit, Vps20. Doa4 is restricted from interacting with Snf7 in yeast expressing a mutant Vps20 allele that constitutively binds Doa4. This inhibitory effect of Vps20 is suppressed by overexpression of another ESCRT-III-associated protein, Bro1. We show that Bro1 binds directly to Vps20, suggesting that Bro1 has a central role in relieving the antagonistic relationship that Vps20 has toward Doa4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Buysse
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mitchell Leih
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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8
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Parkinson G, Roboti P, Zhang L, Taylor S, Woodman P. His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase and Rabaptin-5 couple endo-lysosomal sorting of EGFR with endosomal maturation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272512. [PMID: 34657963 PMCID: PMC8627557 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP; also known as PTPN23) collaborates with endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) to sort endosomal cargo into intralumenal vesicles, forming the multivesicular body (MVB). Completion of MVB sorting is accompanied by maturation of the endosome into a late endosome, an event that requires inactivation of the early endosomal GTPase Rab5 (herein referring to generically to all isoforms). Here, we show that HD-PTP links ESCRT function with endosomal maturation. HD-PTP depletion prevents MVB sorting, while also blocking cargo from exiting Rab5-rich endosomes. HD-PTP-depleted cells contain hyperphosphorylated Rabaptin-5 (also known as RABEP1), a cofactor for the Rab5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rabex-5 (also known as RABGEF1), although HD-PTP is unlikely to directly dephosphorylate Rabaptin-5. In addition, HD-PTP-depleted cells exhibit Rabaptin-5-dependent hyperactivation of Rab5. HD-PTP binds directly to Rabaptin-5, between its Rabex-5- and Rab5-binding domains. This binding reaction involves the ESCRT-0/ESCRT-III binding site in HD-PTP, which is competed for by an ESCRT-III peptide. Jointly, these findings indicate that HD-PTP may alternatively scaffold ESCRTs and modulate Rabex-5–Rabaptin-5 activity, thereby helping to coordinate the completion of MVB sorting with endosomal maturation. Summary: Sorting of endocytic cargo to the multivesicular body is accompanied by endosomal maturation. Here, we provide a potential mechanism by which these two processes are linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Parkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Peristera Roboti
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ling Zhang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sandra Taylor
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip Woodman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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9
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Mechanistic roles of tyrosine phosphorylation in reversible amyloids, autoinhibition, and endosomal membrane association of ALIX. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101328. [PMID: 34688656 PMCID: PMC8577116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human apoptosis-linked gene-2 interacting protein X (ALIX), a versatile adapter protein, regulates essential cellular processes by shuttling between late endosomal membranes and the cytosol, determined by its interactions with Src kinase. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of these transitions and the effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on the interplay between structure, assembly, and intramolecular and intermolecular interactions of ALIX. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, the proline-rich domain of ALIX, which encodes binding epitopes of multiple cellular partners, formed rope-like β-sheet–rich reversible amyloid fibrils that dissolved upon Src-mediated phosphorylation and were restored on protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B–mediated dephosphorylation of its conserved tyrosine residues. Analyses of the Bro1 domain of ALIX by solution NMR spectroscopy elucidated the conformational changes originating from its phosphorylation by Src and established that Bro1 binds to hyperphosphorylated proline-rich domain and to analogs of late endosomal membranes via its highly basic surface. These results uncover the autoinhibition mechanism that relocates ALIX to the cytosol and the diverse roles played by tyrosine phosphorylation in cellular and membrane functions of ALIX.
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10
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Pashkova N, Yu L, Schnicker NJ, Tseng CC, Gakhar L, Katzmann DJ, Piper RC. Interactions of ubiquitin and CHMP5 with the V domain of HD-PTP reveals role for regulation of Vps4 ATPase. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar42. [PMID: 34586919 PMCID: PMC8694081 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-04-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of Bro1 proteins coordinates the activity of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) to mediate a number of membrane remodeling events. These events culminate in membrane scission catalyzed by ESCRT-III, whose polymerization and disassembly is controlled by the AAA-ATPase, Vps4. Bro1-family members Alix and HD-PTP as well as yeast Bro1 have central “V” domains that noncovalently bind Ub and connect ubiquitinated proteins to ESCRT-driven functions such as the incorporation of ubiquitinated membrane proteins into intralumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. Recently, it was discovered that the V domain of yeast Bro1 binds the MIT domain of Vps4 to stimulate its ATPase activity. Here we determine the structural basis for how the V domain of human HD-PTP binds ubiquitin. The HD-PTP V domain also binds the MIT domain of Vps4, and ubiquitin binding to the HD-PTP V domain enhances its ability to stimulate Vps4 ATPase activity. Additionally, we found that V domains of both HD-PTP and Bro1 bind CHMP5 and Vps60, respectively, providing another potential molecular mechanism to alter Vps4 activity. These data support a model whereby contacts between ubiquitin, ESCRT-III, and Vps4 by V domains of the Bro1 family may coordinate late events in ESCRT-driven membrane remodeling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Liping Yu
- NMR facility, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242.,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | | | - Chun-Che Tseng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905.,Protein Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Lokesh Gakhar
- Protein Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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11
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Tseng CC, Dean S, Davies BA, Azmi IF, Pashkova N, Payne JA, Staffenhagen J, West M, Piper RC, Odorizzi G, Katzmann DJ. Bro1 stimulates Vps4 to promote intralumenal vesicle formation during multivesicular body biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212434. [PMID: 34160559 PMCID: PMC8240856 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III) execute cargo sorting and intralumenal vesicle (ILV) formation during conversion of endosomes to multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The AAA-ATPase Vps4 regulates the ESCRT-III polymer to facilitate membrane remodeling and ILV scission during MVB biogenesis. Here, we show that the conserved V domain of ESCRT-associated protein Bro1 (the yeast homologue of mammalian proteins ALIX and HD-PTP) directly stimulates Vps4. This activity is required for MVB cargo sorting. Furthermore, the Bro1 V domain alone supports Vps4/ESCRT–driven ILV formation in vivo without efficient MVB cargo sorting. These results reveal a novel activity of the V domains of Bro1 homologues in licensing ESCRT-III–dependent ILV formation and suggest a role in coordinating cargo sorting with membrane remodeling during MVB sorting. Moreover, ubiquitin binding enhances V domain stimulation of Vps4 to promote ILV formation via the Bro1–Vps4–ESCRT-III axis, uncovering a novel role for ubiquitin during MVB biogenesis in addition to facilitating cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Shirley Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ishara F Azmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Natalya Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Johanna A Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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12
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Avalos-Padilla Y, Georgiev VN, Lantero E, Pujals S, Verhoef R, N. Borgheti-Cardoso L, Albertazzi L, Dimova R, Fernàndez-Busquets X. The ESCRT-III machinery participates in the production of extracellular vesicles and protein export during Plasmodium falciparum infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009455. [PMID: 33798247 PMCID: PMC9159051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Plasmodium falciparum enhances extracellular
vesicle (EV) production in parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs), an important
mechanism for parasite-to-parasite communication during the asexual
intraerythrocytic life cycle. The endosomal
sorting complex
required for transport
(ESCRT), and in particular the ESCRT-III sub-complex, participates in the
formation of EVs in higher eukaryotes. However, RBCs have lost the majority of
their organelles through the maturation process, including an important
reduction in their vesicular network. Therefore, the mechanism of EV production
in P. falciparum-infected RBCs remains to be
elucidated. Here we demonstrate that P.
falciparum possesses a functional ESCRT-III machinery
activated by an alternative recruitment pathway involving the action of PfBro1
and PfVps32/PfVps60 proteins. Additionally, multivesicular body formation and
membrane shedding, both reported mechanisms of EV production, were reconstituted
in the membrane model of giant unilamellar vesicles using the purified
recombinant proteins. Moreover, the presence of PfVps32, PfVps60 and PfBro1 in
EVs purified from a pRBC culture was confirmed by super-resolution microscopy
and dot blot assays. Finally, disruption of the PfVps60 gene
led to a reduction in the number of the produced EVs in the KO strain and
affected the distribution of other ESCRT-III components. Overall, our results
increase the knowledge on the underlying molecular mechanisms during malaria
pathogenesis and demonstrate that ESCRT-III P.
falciparum proteins participate in EV production. Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that is
still a leading cause of death in many low-income countries, and for which
currently available therapeutic strategies are not succeeding in its control,
let alone eradication. An interesting feature observed after
Plasmodium invasion is the increase of extracellular
vesicles (EVs) generated by parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs), which lack a
vesicular trafficking that would explain EV production. Here, by combining
different approaches, we demonstrated the participation of the
endosomal sorting
complex required for
transport (ESCRT) machinery from Plasmodium
falciparum in the production of EVs in pRBCs. Moreover, we were
able to detect ESCRT-III proteins adjacent to the membrane of the host and in
EVs purified from a pRBC culture, which shows the export of these proteins and
their participation in EV production. Finally, the disruption of an ESCRT-III
associated gene, Pfvps60, led to a significant reduction in the
amount of EVs. Altogether, these results confirm ESCRT-III participation in EV
production and provide novel information on the P.
falciparum protein export mechanisms, which can be used for
the development of new therapeutic strategies against malaria, based on the
disruption of EV formation and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunuen Avalos-Padilla
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital
Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids
and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail: (YA-P); (XF-B)
| | - Vasil N. Georgiev
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids
and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elena Lantero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital
Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics,
Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Verhoef
- Computational Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology,
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Livia N. Borgheti-Cardoso
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The
Netherlands
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids
and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital
Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (YA-P); (XF-B)
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13
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Why Cells and Viruses Cannot Survive without an ESCRT. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030483. [PMID: 33668191 PMCID: PMC7995964 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular organelles enwrapped in membranes along with a complex network of vesicles trafficking in, out and inside the cellular environment are one of the main features of eukaryotic cells. Given their central role in cell life, compartmentalization and mechanisms allowing their maintenance despite continuous crosstalk among different organelles have been deeply investigated over the past years. Here, we review the multiple functions exerted by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery in driving membrane remodeling and fission, as well as in repairing physiological and pathological membrane damages. In this way, ESCRT machinery enables different fundamental cellular processes, such as cell cytokinesis, biogenesis of organelles and vesicles, maintenance of nuclear–cytoplasmic compartmentalization, endolysosomal activity. Furthermore, we discuss some examples of how viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, have evolved to hijack the ESCRT machinery or part of it to execute/optimize their replication cycle/infection. A special emphasis is given to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) interaction with the ESCRT proteins, considering the peculiarities of this interplay and the need for HSV-1 to cross both the nuclear-cytoplasmic and the cytoplasmic-extracellular environment compartmentalization to egress from infected cells.
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14
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Meusser B, Purfuerst B, Luft FC. HIV-1 Gag release from yeast reveals ESCRT interaction with the Gag N-terminal protein region. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17950-17972. [PMID: 32994219 PMCID: PMC7939435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 protein Gag assembles at the plasma membrane and drives virion budding, assisted by the cellular endosomal complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. Two ESCRT proteins, TSG101 and ALIX, bind to the Gag C-terminal p6 peptide. TSG101 binding is important for efficient HIV-1 release, but how ESCRTs contribute to the budding process and how their activity is coordinated with Gag assembly is poorly understood. Yeast, allowing genetic manipulation that is not easily available in human cells, has been used to characterize the cellular ESCRT function. Previous work reported Gag budding from yeast spheroplasts, but Gag release was ESCRT-independent. We developed a yeast model for ESCRT-dependent Gag release. We combined yeast genetics and Gag mutational analysis with Gag-ESCRT binding studies and the characterization of Gag-plasma membrane binding and Gag release. With our system, we identified a previously unknown interaction between ESCRT proteins and the Gag N-terminal protein region. Mutations in the Gag-plasma membrane-binding matrix domain that reduced Gag-ESCRT binding increased Gag-plasma membrane binding and Gag release. ESCRT knockout mutants showed that the release enhancement was an ESCRT-dependent effect. Similarly, matrix mutation enhanced Gag release from human HEK293 cells. Release enhancement partly depended on ALIX binding to p6, although binding site mutation did not impair WT Gag release. Accordingly, the relative affinity for matrix compared with p6 in GST-pulldown experiments was higher for ALIX than for TSG101. We suggest that a transient matrix-ESCRT interaction is replaced when Gag binds to the plasma membrane. This step may activate ESCRT proteins and thereby coordinate ESCRT function with virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Meusser
- Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich C Luft
- Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Budding of a Retrovirus: Some Assemblies Required. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101188. [PMID: 33092109 PMCID: PMC7589157 DOI: 10.3390/v12101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important steps in any viral lifecycle is the production of progeny virions. For retroviruses as well as other viruses, this step is a highly organized process that occurs with exquisite spatial and temporal specificity on the cellular plasma membrane. To facilitate this process, retroviruses encode short peptide motifs, or L domains, that hijack host factors to ensure completion of this critical step. One such cellular machinery targeted by viruses is known as the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRTs). Typically responsible for vesicular trafficking within the cell, ESCRTs are co-opted by the retroviral Gag polyprotein to assist in viral particle assembly and release of infectious virions. This review in the Viruses Special Issue “The 11th International Retroviral Nucleocapsid and Assembly Symposium”, details recent findings that shed light on the molecular details of how ESCRTs and the ESCRT adaptor protein ALIX, facilitate retroviral dissemination at sites of viral assembly.
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16
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Larios J, Mercier V, Roux A, Gruenberg J. ALIX- and ESCRT-III-dependent sorting of tetraspanins to exosomes. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133723. [PMID: 32049272 PMCID: PMC7054990 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of endosomes mediate the delivery of activated signaling receptors and other proteins to lysosomes for degradation, but they also modulate intercellular communication when secreted as exosomes. The formation of ILVs requires four complexes, ESCRT-0, -I, -II, and -III, with ESCRT-0, -I, and -II presumably involved in cargo sorting and ESCRT-III in membrane deformation and fission. Here, we report that an active form of the ESCRT-associated protein ALIX efficiently recruits ESCRT-III proteins to endosomes. This recruitment occurs independently of other ESCRTs but requires lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) in vivo, and can be reconstituted on supported bilayers in vitro. Our data indicate that this ALIX- and ESCRT-III-dependent pathway promotes the sorting and delivery of tetraspanins to exosomes. We conclude that ALIX provides an additional pathway of ILV formation, secondary to the canonical pathway, and that this pathway controls the targeting of exosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Larios
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Gupta S, Bendjennat M, Saffarian S. Abrogating ALIX Interactions Results in Stuttering of the ESCRT Machinery. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091032. [PMID: 32948012 PMCID: PMC7551432 DOI: 10.3390/v12091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins assemble on budding cellular membranes and catalyze their fission. Using live imaging of HIV virions budding from cells, we followed recruitment of ESCRT proteins ALIX, CHMP4B and VPS4. We report that the ESCRT proteins transiently co-localize with virions after completion of virion assembly for durations of 45 ± 30 s. We show that mutagenizing the YP domain of Gag which is the primary ALIX binding site or depleting ALIX from cells results in multiple recruitments of the full ESCRT machinery on the same virion (referred to as stuttering where the number of recruitments to the same virion >3). The stuttering recruitments are approximately 4 ± 3 min apart and have the same stoichiometry of ESCRTs and same residence time (45 ± 30 s) as the single recruitments in wild type interactions. Our observations suggest a role for ALIX during fission and question the linear model of ESCRT recruitment, suggesting instead a more complex co-assembly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gupta
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (S.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mourad Bendjennat
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (S.G.); (M.B.)
- Radiation Oncology Department, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Saveez Saffarian
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (S.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Meng B, Ip NCY, Abbink TEM, Kenyon JC, Lever AML. ESCRT-II functions by linking to ESCRT-I in human immunodeficiency virus-1 budding. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13161. [PMID: 31922351 PMCID: PMC7187348 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) protein pathway to bud from infected cells. Despite the roles of ESCRT-I and -III in HIV budding being firmly established, participation of ESCRT-II in this process has been controversial. EAP45 is a critical component of ESCRT-II. Previously, we utilised a CRISPR-Cas9 EAP45 knockout cell line to assess the involvement of ESCRT-II in HIV replication. We demonstrated that the absence of ESCRT-II impairs HIV budding. Here, we show that virus spread is also defective in physiologically relevant CRISPR/Cas9 EAP45 knockout T cells. We further show reappearance of efficient budding by re-introduction of EAP45 expression into EAP45 knockout cells. Using expression of selected mutants of EAP45, we dissect the domain requirement responsible for this function. Our data show at the steady state that rescue of budding is only observed in the context of a Gag/Pol, but not a Gag expressor, indicating that the size of cargo determines the usage of ESCRT-II. EAP45 acts through the YPXL-ALIX pathway as partial rescue is achieved in a PTAP but not a YPXL mutant virus. Our study clarifies the role of ESCRT-II in the late stages of HIV replication and reinforces the notion that ESCRT-II plays an integral part during this process as it does in sorting ubiquitinated cargos and in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natasha C Y Ip
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Truus E M Abbink
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia C Kenyon
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Homerton College, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew M L Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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The ESCRT-II Subunit EAP20/VPS25 and the Bro1 Domain Proteins HD-PTP and BROX Are Individually Dispensable for Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01641-19. [PMID: 31748394 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01641-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsid envelopment during assembly of the neurotropic herpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) in the infected cell cytoplasm is thought to involve the late-acting cellular ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) components ESCRT-III and VPS4 (vacuolar protein sorting 4). However, HSV-1, unlike members of many other families of enveloped viruses, does not appear to require the ESCRT-I subunit TSG101 or the Bro1 domain-containing protein ALIX (Alg-2-interacting protein X) to recruit and activate ESCRT-III. Alternative cellular factors that are known to be capable of regulating ESCRT-III function include the ESCRT-II complex and other members of the Bro1 family. We therefore used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down the essential ESCRT-II subunit EAP20/VPS25 (ELL-associated protein 20/vacuolar protein sorting 25) and the Bro1 proteins HD-PTP (His domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase) and BROX (Bro1 domain and CAAX motif containing). We demonstrated reductions in levels of the targeted proteins by Western blotting and used quantitative microscopic assays to confirm loss of ESCRT-II and HD-PTP function. We found that in single-step replication experiments, the final yields of HSV-1 were unchanged following loss of EAP20, HD-PTP, or BROX.IMPORTANCE HSV-1 is a pathogen of the human nervous system that uses its own virus-encoded proteins and the normal cellular ESCRT machinery to drive the construction of its envelope. How HSV-1 structural proteins interact with ESCRT components and which subsets of cellular ESCRT proteins are utilized by the virus remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an essential component of the ESCRT-II complex and two ESCRT-associated Bro1 proteins are dispensable for HSV-1 replication.
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20
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Verghese S, Moberg K. Roles of Membrane and Vesicular Traffic in Regulation of the Hippo Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:384. [PMID: 32010696 PMCID: PMC6971369 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a well conserved signaling cascade that modulates cell proliferation and survival in response to external cues such as cell:cell contact, injury, and nutritional status. Models of the Hippo pathway have evolved from a series of genetic interactions defined in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster into a complex series of biochemical mechanisms in which transmembrane and cytoskeletal proteins modulate cytoplasmic phosphatase and kinase activities that converge on the serine/threonine kinase Warts (Wts) to regulate nuclear entry of the co-activator protein Yorkie (Yki; vertebrate Yap1). This pathway is well conserved in human cells and broadly implicated in cancer. Progress in understanding biochemical events within the Hippo pathway highlights a need for improved understanding of the cell biological contexts in which these molecular interactions occur. A significant body of data linking Hippo signaling to membranes and proteins involved in intracellular membrane trafficking raise the possibility that some molecular regulatory events occur on the cytoplasmic face of vesicles. In Drosophila, a Yki-vesicle link was solidified by discoveries that cytoplasmic Yki concentrates at late-endosomes and physically interacts with two endosomal adaptor proteins, Myopic (Mop) and Leash. These two proteins are required for Yki to transit the endolysosomal pathway and be turned over in lysosomes. Molecules involved in recruiting and tethering Yki along this endosomal route are not defined but are predicted to play key roles in regulating Yki levels and thus Hippo-responsiveness of cells. As Wts is recruited to the apical membrane by upstream Hippo components, endosomal internalization could also affect complexes involved in Yki phosphorylation events that alter nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Recent work has revealed an unexpected, non-transcriptional role of membrane-associated Yki in triggering actinomyosin contractility via the myosin-regulatory light chain Spaghetti squash (Sqh). How Yki interacts with the membrane and controls Sqh is unclear, but this mechanism represents a novel regulatory mechanism based on induced localization of Yki to a specific membrane compartment. These and other data will be discussed as we review data linking Yki to membrane and vesicular traffic in development and homeostasis and speculate on missing elements of these membrane-linked Yki regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Verghese
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ken Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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21
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Ziegler CM, Dang L, Eisenhauer P, Kelly JA, King BR, Klaus JP, Manuelyan I, Mattice EB, Shirley DJ, Weir ME, Bruce EA, Ballif BA, Botten J. NEDD4 family ubiquitin ligases associate with LCMV Z's PPXY domain and are required for virus budding, but not via direct ubiquitination of Z. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008100. [PMID: 31710650 PMCID: PMC6874086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral late domains are used by many viruses to recruit the cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) to mediate membrane scission during viral budding. Unlike the P(S/T)AP and YPX(1–3)L late domains, which interact directly with the ESCRT proteins Tsg101 and ALIX, the molecular linkage connecting the PPXY late domain to ESCRT proteins is unclear. The mammarenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) matrix protein, Z, contains only one late domain, PPXY. We previously found that this domain in LCMV Z, as well as the ESCRT pathway, are required for the release of defective interfering (DI) particles but not infectious virus. To better understand the molecular mechanism of ESCRT recruitment by the PPXY late domain, affinity purification-mass spectrometry was used to identify host proteins that interact with the Z proteins of the Old World mammarenaviruses LCMV and Lassa virus. Several Nedd4 family E3 ubiquitin ligases interact with these matrix proteins and in the case of LCMV Z, the interaction was PPXY-dependent. We demonstrated that these ligases directly ubiquitinate LCMV Z and mapped the specific lysine residues modified. A recombinant LCMV containing a Z that cannot be ubiquitinated maintained its ability to produce both infectious virus and DI particles, suggesting that direct ubiquitination of LCMV Z alone is insufficient for recruiting ESCRT proteins to mediate virus release. However, Nedd4 ligases appear to be important for DI particle release suggesting that ubiquitination of targets other than the Z protein itself is required for efficient viral ESCRT recruitment. Enveloped viruses derive their lipid bilayer from either the cellular plasma membrane or an intracellular organelle during the process of viral budding in which a virus particle is formed at a membrane. Many enveloped viruses recruit the cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) in order to efficiently cut the membrane that connects a newly budded, but not released, virus particle from its parent membrane. Late domains, which are short protein motifs found in numerous enveloped viruses, specifically recruit ESCRT for this process. Two types of late domains accomplish this by binding directly to ESCRT proteins. A third late domain, PPXY, recruits ESCRT proteins through an unknown, indirect linkage. In this study, we sought to identify proteins that may bridge the PPXY late domain and ESCRT proteins. We found that Nedd4 family ubiquitin ligases interact with the PPXY domain in the mammarenavirus Z protein resulting in ubiquitination of Z at two lysine residues. However, Z ubiquitination was largely dispensable for the virus. Conversely, Nedd4 ubiquitin ligases were critical during infection suggesting that the most important contribution made to virus release by Nedd4 ligases is not direct ubiquitination of the viral matrix protein, but possibly the ubiquitination of cellular proteins or other viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Loan Dang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Philip Eisenhauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jamie A. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. King
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Klaus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Inessa Manuelyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Ethan B. Mattice
- Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - David J. Shirley
- Ixis LLC, Data Science Division, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Marion E. Weir
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Emily A. Bruce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. Ballif
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jason Botten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Mosesso N, Nagel MK, Isono E. Ubiquitin recognition in endocytic trafficking - with or without ESCRT-0. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/16/jcs232868. [PMID: 31416855 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to sense and adapt to the constantly changing environment is important for all organisms. Cell surface receptors and transporters are key for the fast response to extracellular stimuli and, thus, their abundance on the plasma membrane has to be strictly controlled. Heteromeric endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are responsible for mediating the post-translational degradation of endocytosed plasma membrane proteins in eukaryotes and are essential both in animals and plants. ESCRTs bind and sort ubiquitylated cargoes for vacuolar degradation. Although many components that comprise the multi-subunit ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes are conserved in eukaryotes, plant and animal ESCRTs have diverged during the course of evolution. Homologues of ESCRT-0, which recognises ubiquitylated cargo, have emerged in metazoan and fungi but are not found in plants. Instead, the Arabidopsis genome encodes plant-specific ubiquitin adaptors and a greater number of target of Myb protein 1 (TOM1) homologues than in mammals. In this Review, we summarise and discuss recent findings on ubiquitin-binding proteins in Arabidopsis that could have equivalent functions to ESCRT-0. We further hypothesise that SH3 domain-containing proteins might serve as membrane curvature-sensing endophilin and amphiphysin homologues during plant endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Mosesso
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
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23
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Abstract
The Herpesviridae are structurally complex DNA viruses whose capsids undergo primary envelopment at the inner nuclear membrane and secondary envelopment at organelles in the cytoplasm. In both locations, there is evidence that envelope formation and scission involve the participation of multiple viral proteins and also the cellular ESCRT apparatus. It nevertheless appears that the best-understood viral strategies for ESCRT recruitment, those adopted by the retroviruses and many other families of enveloped RNA viruses, are not utilized by the Herpesviridae, at least during envelopment in the cytoplasm. Thus, although a large number of herpesvirus proteins have been assigned roles in envelopment, there is a dearth of candidates for the acquisition of the ESCRT complex and the control of envelope scission. This review summarizes our current understanding of ESCRT association by enveloped viruses, examines what is known of herpesvirus ESCRT utilization in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and identifies candidate cellular and viral proteins that could link enveloping herpesviruses to cellular ESCRT components.
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24
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Raffo-Romero A, Arab T, Al-Amri IS, Le Marrec-Croq F, Van Camp C, Lemaire Q, Salzet M, Vizioli J, Sautiere PE, Lefebvre C. Medicinal Leech CNS as a Model for Exosome Studies in the Crosstalk between Microglia and Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124124. [PMID: 30572617 PMCID: PMC6321190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy or pathological brains, the neuroinflammatory state is supported by a strong communication involving microglia and neurons. Recent studies indicate that extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, play a key role in the physiological interactions between cells allowing central nervous system (CNS) development and/or integrity. The present report used medicinal leech CNS to investigate microglia/neuron crosstalk from ex vivo approaches as well as primary cultures. The results demonstrated a large production of exosomes from microglia. Their incubation to primary neuronal cultures showed a strong interaction with neurites. In addition, neurite outgrowth assays demonstrated microglia exosomes to exhibit significant neurotrophic activities using at least a Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) family member, called nGDF (nervous Growth/Differentiation Factor). Of interest, the results also showed an EV-mediated dialog between leech microglia and rat cells highlighting this communication to be more a matter of molecules than of species. Taken together, the present report brings a new insight into the microglia/neuron crosstalk in CNS and would help deciphering the molecular evolution of such a cell communication in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Raffo-Romero
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Tanina Arab
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Issa S Al-Amri
- DARIS Centre for Scientific Research and Technology Development, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al-Mouz, PC 616 Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Francoise Le Marrec-Croq
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Christelle Van Camp
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Quentin Lemaire
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Michel Salzet
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jacopo Vizioli
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Pierre-Eric Sautiere
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Christophe Lefebvre
- U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Univ. Lille, INSERM, F-59000 Lille, France.
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25
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Romancino DP, Buffa V, Caruso S, Ferrara I, Raccosta S, Notaro A, Campos Y, Noto R, Martorana V, Cupane A, Giallongo A, d'Azzo A, Manno M, Bongiovanni A. Palmitoylation is a post-translational modification of Alix regulating the membrane organization of exosome-like small extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2879-2887. [PMID: 30251702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtually all cell types have the capacity to secrete nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles, which have emerged in recent years as potent signal transducers and cell-cell communicators. The multifunctional protein Alix is a bona fide exosomal regulator and skeletal muscle cells can release Alix-positive nano-sized extracellular vesicles, offering a new paradigm for understanding how myofibers communicate within skeletal muscle and with other organs. S-palmitoylation is a reversible lipid post-translational modification, involved in different biological processes, such as the trafficking of membrane proteins, achievement of stable protein conformations, and stabilization of protein interactions. METHODS Here, we have used an integrated biochemical-biophysical approach to determine whether S-palmitoylation contributes to the regulation of extracellular vesicle production in skeletal muscle cells. RESULTS We ascertained that Alix is S-palmitoylated and that this post-translational modification influences its protein-protein interaction with CD9, a member of the tetraspanin protein family. Furthermore, we showed that the structural organization of the lipid bilayer of the small (nano-sized) extracellular vesicle membrane with altered palmitoylation is qualitatively different compared to mock control vesicles. CONCLUSIONS We propose that S-palmitoylation regulates the function of Alix in facilitating the interactions among extracellular vesicle-specific regulators and maintains the proper structural organization of exosome-like extracellular vesicle membranes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Beyond its biological relevance, our study also provides the means for a comprehensive structural characterization of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele P Romancino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Buffa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Caruso
- UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Inserm, Paris 1162, France
| | - Ines Ferrara
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rosina Noto
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cupane
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Agata Giallongo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy.
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26
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Dissecting the role of His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase/PTPN23 and ESCRTs in sorting activated epidermal growth factor receptor to the multivesicular body. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1037-1046. [PMID: 30190330 PMCID: PMC6195633 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within the multivesicular body (MVB) is an essential step during the down-regulation of the receptor. The machinery that drives EGFR sorting attaches to the cytoplasmic face of the endosome and generates vesicles that bud into the endosome lumen, but somehow escapes encapsulation itself. This machinery is termed the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) pathway, a series of multi-protein complexes and accessory factors first identified in yeast. Here, we review the yeast ESCRT pathway and describe the corresponding components in mammalian cells that sort EGFR. One of these is His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP/PTPN23), and we review the interactions involving HD-PTP and ESCRTs. Finally, we describe a working model for how this ESCRT pathway might overcome the intrinsic topographical problem of EGFR sorting to the MVB lumen.
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27
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ESCRT machinery components are required for Orthobunyavirus particle production in Golgi compartments. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007047. [PMID: 29723305 PMCID: PMC5953487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peribunyaviridae is a large family of RNA viruses with several members that cause mild to severe diseases in humans and livestock. Despite their importance in public heath very little is known about the host cell factors hijacked by these viruses to support assembly and cell egress. Here we show that assembly of Oropouche virus, a member of the genus Orthobunyavirus that causes a frequent arboviral infection in South America countries, involves budding of virus particles toward the lumen of Golgi cisternae. As viral replication progresses, these Golgi subcompartments become enlarged and physically separated from Golgi stacks, forming Oropouche viral factory (Vfs) units. At the ultrastructural level, these virally modified Golgi cisternae acquire an MVB appearance, and while they lack typical early and late endosome markers, they become enriched in endosomal complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins that are involved in MVB biogenesis. Further microscopy and viral replication analysis showed that functional ESCRT machinery is required for efficient Vf morphogenesis and production of infectious OROV particles. Taken together, our results indicate that OROV attracts ESCRT machinery components to Golgi cisternae to mediate membrane remodeling events required for viral assembly and budding at these compartments. This represents an unprecedented mechanism of how viruses hijack host cell components for coordinated morphogenesis.
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28
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Gahloth D, Heaven G, Jowitt TA, Mould AP, Bella J, Baldock C, Woodman P, Tabernero L. The open architecture of HD-PTP phosphatase provides new insights into the mechanism of regulation of ESCRT function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9151. [PMID: 28831121 PMCID: PMC5567221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HD-PTP is a tumour suppressor phosphatase that controls endocytosis, down-regulation of mitogenic receptors and cell migration. Central to its role is the specific recruitment of critical endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs). However, the molecular mechanisms that enable HD-PTP to regulate ESCRT function are unknown. We have characterised the molecular architecture of the entire ESCRT binding region of HD-PTP using small angle X-ray scattering and hydrodynamic analyses. We show that HD-PTP adopts an open and extended conformation, optimal for concomitant interactions with multiple ESCRTs, which contrasts with the compact conformation of the related ESCRT regulator Alix. We demonstrate that the HD-PTP open conformation is functionally competent for binding cellular protein partners. Our analyses rationalise the functional cooperation of HD-PTP with ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I and ESCRT-III and support a model for regulation of ESCRT function by displacement of ESCRT subunits, which is crucial in determining the fate of ubiquitinated cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Gahloth
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Graham Heaven
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas A Jowitt
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - A Paul Mould
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jordi Bella
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Clair Baldock
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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29
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Structural Basis for Specific Interaction of TGFβ Signaling Regulators SARA/Endofin with HD-PTP. Structure 2017; 25:1011-1024.e4. [PMID: 28602823 PMCID: PMC5501724 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SARA and endofin are endosomal adaptor proteins that drive Smad phosphorylation by ligand-activated transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) receptors. We show in this study that SARA and endofin also recruit the tumor supressor HD-PTP, a master regulator of endosomal sorting and ESCRT-dependent receptor downregulation. High-affinity interactions occur between the SARA/endofin N termini, and the conserved hydrophobic region in the HD-PTP Bro1 domain that binds CHMP4/ESCRT-III. CHMP4 engagement is a universal feature of Bro1 proteins, but SARA/endofin binding is specific to HD-PTP. Crystallographic structures of HD-PTPBro1 in complex with SARA, endofin, and three CHMP4 isoforms revealed that all ligands bind similarly to the conserved site but, critically, only SARA/endofin interact at a neighboring pocket unique to HD-PTP. The structures, together with mutagenesis and binding analysis, explain the high affinity and specific binding of SARA/endofin, and why they compete so effectively with CHMP4. Our data invoke models for how endocytic regulation of TGFβ/BMP signaling is controlled.
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30
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Klink VP, Sharma K, Pant SR, McNeece B, Niraula P, Lawrence GW. Components of the SNARE-containing regulon are co-regulated in root cells undergoing defense. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1274481. [PMID: 28010187 PMCID: PMC5351740 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1274481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The term regulon has been coined in the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, denoting a structural and physiological defense apparatus defined genetically through the identification of the penetration (pen) mutants. The regulon is composed partially by the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) syntaxin PEN1. PEN1 has homology to a Saccharomyces cerevisae gene that regulates a Secretion (Sec) protein, Suppressor of Sec 1 (Sso1p). The regulon is also composed of the β-glucosidase (PEN2) and an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter (PEN3). While important in inhibiting pathogen infection, limited observations have been made regarding the transcriptional regulation of regulon genes until now. Experiments made using the model agricultural Glycine max (soybean) have identified co-regulated gene expression of regulon components. The results explain the observation of hundreds of genes expressed specifically in the root cells undergoing the natural process of defense. Data regarding additional G. max genes functioning within the context of the regulon are presented here, including Sec 14, Sec 4 and Sec 23. Other examined G. max homologs of membrane fusion genes include an endosomal bromo domain-containing protein1 (Bro1), syntaxin6 (SYP6), SYP131, SYP71, SYP8, Bet1, coatomer epsilon (ϵ-COP), a coatomer zeta (ζ-COP) paralog and an ER to Golgi component (ERGIC) protein. Furthermore, the effectiveness of biochemical pathways that would function within the context of the regulon ave been examined, including xyloglucan xylosyltransferase (XXT), reticuline oxidase (RO) and galactinol synthase (GS). The experiments have unveiled the importance of the regulon during defense in the root and show how the deposition of callose relates to the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P. Klink
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Shankar R. Pant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Brant McNeece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Prakash Niraula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Gary W. Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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31
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Johnson N, West M, Odorizzi G. Regulation of yeast ESCRT-III membrane scission activity by the Doa4 ubiquitin hydrolase. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:661-672. [PMID: 28057764 PMCID: PMC5328624 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Doa4 is the ubiquitin hydrolase in yeast that deubiquitinates transmembrane proteins sorted by ESCRTs. Results support a model for bidirectional regulation between Doa4 and the ESCRT-III complex. ESCRT-III executes membrane scission during the budding of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes. The scission mechanism is unknown but appears to be linked to the cycle of assembly and disassembly of ESCRT-III complexes at membranes. Regulating this cycle is therefore expected to be important for determining the timing of ESCRT-III–mediated membrane scission. We show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ESCRT-III complexes are stabilized and ILV membrane scission is delayed by Doa4, which is the ubiquitin hydrolase that deubiquitinates transmembrane proteins sorted as cargoes into ILVs. These results suggest a mechanism to delay ILV budding while cargoes undergo deubiquitination. We further show that deubiquitination of ILV cargoes is inhibited via Doa4 binding to Vps20, which is the subunit of ESCRT-III that initiates assembly of the complex. Current models suggest that ESCRT-III complexes surround ubiquitinated cargoes to trap them at the site of ILV budding while the cargoes undergo deubiquitination. Thus our results also propose a mechanism to prevent the onset of ILV cargo deubiquitination at the initiation of ESCRT-III complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Johnson
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Matt West
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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32
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Sette P, O'Connor SK, Yerramilli VS, Dussupt V, Nagashima K, Chutiraka K, Lingappa J, Scarlata S, Bouamr F. HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Mimics the Membrane Adaptor Syntenin PDZ to Gain Access to ESCRTs and Promote Virus Budding. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 19:336-48. [PMID: 26962944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 recruits cellular endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) to bud virions from the membrane. Disruption of the viral nucleocapsid (NC) domain integrity affects HIV-1 budding. However, the molecular mechanisms of NC's involvement in HIV budding remain unclear. We find that NC mimics the PDZ domains of syntenin, a membrane-binding adaptor involved in cell-to-cell contact/communication, to capture the Bro1 domain of ALIX, which is an ESCRTs recruiting cellular adaptor. NC binds membranes via basic residues in either the distal or proximal zinc fingers, and NC-membrane binding is essential for Bro1 capture and HIV-1 budding. Removal of RNA enhances NC membrane binding, suggesting a dynamic competition between membrane lipids and RNA for the same binding sites in NC. Remarkably, syntenin PDZ can substitute for NC function in HIV-1 budding. Thus, NC mimics syntenin PDZs to function as a membrane-binding adaptor critical for HIV-1 budding at specific microdomains of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sette
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Sarah K O'Connor
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - V Siddartha Yerramilli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kasana Chutiraka
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Jaisri Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Suzanne Scarlata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Fadila Bouamr
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
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33
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Gahloth D, Levy C, Heaven G, Stefani F, Wunderley L, Mould P, Cliff MJ, Bella J, Fielding AJ, Woodman P, Tabernero L. Structural Basis for Selective Interaction between the ESCRT Regulator HD-PTP and UBAP1. Structure 2016; 24:2115-2126. [PMID: 27839950 PMCID: PMC5145805 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitogenic receptors, a process often compromised in cancer pathologies. Sorting of ubiquinated receptors via ESCRTs is controlled by the tumor suppressor phosphatase HD-PTP. The specific interaction between HD-PTP and the ESCRT-I subunit UBAP1 is critical for degradation of growth factor receptors and integrins. Here, we present the structural characterization by X-ray crystallography and double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy of the coiled-coil domain of HD-PTP and its complex with UBAP1. The coiled-coil domain adopts an unexpected open and rigid conformation that contrasts with the closed and flexible coiled-coil domain of the related ESCRT regulator Alix. The HD-PTP:UBAP1 structure identifies the molecular determinants of the interaction and provides a molecular basis for the specific functional cooperation between HD-PTP and UBAP1. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of regulation of ESCRT pathways that could be relevant to anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Gahloth
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Graham Heaven
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Flavia Stefani
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lydia Wunderley
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paul Mould
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew J Cliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jordi Bella
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alistair J Fielding
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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34
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Abstract
The narrow membrane necks formed during viral, exosomal and intra-endosomal budding from membranes, as well as during cytokinesis and related processes, have interiors that are contiguous with the cytosol. Severing these necks involves action from the opposite face of the membrane as occurs during the well-characterized formation of coated vesicles. This 'reverse' (or 'inverse')-topology membrane scission is carried out by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins, which form filaments, flat spirals, tubes and conical funnels that are thought to direct membrane remodelling and scission. Their assembly, and their disassembly by the ATPase vacuolar protein sorting-associated 4 (VPS4) have been intensively studied, but the mechanism of scission has been elusive. New insights from cryo-electron microscopy and various types of spectroscopy may finally be close to rectifying this situation.
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35
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Sun S, Sun L, Zhou X, Wu C, Wang R, Lin SH, Kuang J. Phosphorylation-Dependent Activation of the ESCRT Function of ALIX in Cytokinetic Abscission and Retroviral Budding. Dev Cell 2016; 36:331-43. [PMID: 26859355 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The modular adaptor protein ALIX is a key player in multiple ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodeling processes. ALIX is normally present in a closed conformation due to an intramolecular interaction that renders ALIX unable to perform its ESCRT functions. Here we demonstrate that M phase-specific phosphorylation of the intramolecular interaction site within the proline-rich domain (PRD) of ALIX transforms cytosolic ALIX from closed to open conformation. Defining the role of this mechanism of ALIX regulation in three classical ESCRT-mediated processes revealed that phosphorylation of the intramolecular interaction site in the PRD is required for ALIX to function in cytokinetic abscission and retroviral budding, but not in multivesicular body sorting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor. Thus, phosphorylation of the intramolecular interaction site in the PRD is one of the major mechanisms that activates the ESCRT function of ALIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Sun
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA; Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Le Sun
- AbMax Biotechnology, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Chuanfen Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA; Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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36
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Mercier V, Laporte MH, Destaing O, Blot B, Blouin CM, Pernet-Gallay K, Chatellard C, Saoudi Y, Albiges-Rizo C, Lamaze C, Fraboulet S, Petiot A, Sadoul R. ALG-2 interacting protein-X (Alix) is essential for clathrin-independent endocytosis and signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26986. [PMID: 27244115 PMCID: PMC4886688 DOI: 10.1038/srep26986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and the biological functions of clathrin independent endocytosis (CIE) remain largely elusive. Alix (ALG-2 interacting protein X), has been assigned roles in membrane deformation and fission both in endosomes and at the plasma membrane. Using Alix ko cells, we show for the first time that Alix regulates fluid phase endocytosis and internalization of cargoes entering cells via CIE, but has no apparent effect on clathrin mediated endocytosis or downstream endosomal trafficking. We show that Alix acts with endophilin-A to promote CIE of cholera toxin and to regulate cell migration. We also found that Alix is required for fast endocytosis and downstream signaling of the interleukin-2 receptor giving a first indication that CIE is necessary for activation of at least some surface receptors. In addition to characterizing a new function for Alix, our results highlight Alix ko cells as a unique tool to unravel the biological consequences of CIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mercier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Marine H Laporte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS UMR 5309, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Béatrice Blot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric M Blouin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1143, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Chatellard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Yasmina Saoudi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CNRS UMR 5309, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1143, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Fraboulet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Petiot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Sadoul
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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37
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Abstract
The multivesicular body (MVB) pathway sorts ubiquitinated membrane cargo to intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within the endosome, en route to the lysosomal lumen. The pathway involves the sequential action of conserved protein complexes [endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs)], culminating in the activation by ESCRT-II of ESCRT-III, a membrane-sculpting complex. Although this linear pathway of ESCRT activation is widely accepted, a study by Luzio and colleagues in a recent issue of the Biochemical Journal suggests that there is greater complexity in ESCRT-III activation, at least for some MVB cargoes. They show that ubiquitin-dependent sorting of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I to the MVB requires the central ESCRT-III complex but does not involve either ESCRT-II or functional links between ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III. Instead, they propose that MHC class I utilizes histidine-domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP), a non-canonical ESCRT interactor, to promote ESCRT-III activation.
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38
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Montaño S, Orozco E, Correa-Basurto J, Bello M, Chávez-Munguía B, Betanzos A. Heterodimerization of the Entamoeba histolytica EhCPADH virulence complex through molecular dynamics and protein-protein docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:486-503. [PMID: 26861050 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1151831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
EhCPADH is a protein complex involved in the virulence of Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan responsible for human amebiasis. It is formed by the EhCP112 cysteine protease and the EhADH adhesin. To explore the molecular basis of the complex formation, three-dimensional models were built for both proteins and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and docking calculations were performed. Results predicted that the pEhCP112 proenzyme and the mEhCP112 mature enzyme were globular and peripheral membrane proteins. Interestingly, in pEhCP112, the propeptide appeared hiding the catalytic site (C167, H329, N348); while in mEhCP112, this site was exposed and its residues were found structurally closer than in pEhCP112. EhADH emerged as an extended peripheral membrane protein with high fluctuation in Bro1 and V shape domains. 500 ns-long MDS and protein-protein docking predictions evidenced different heterodimeric complexes with the lowest free energy. pEhCP112 interacted with EhADH by the propeptide and C-terminal regions and mEhCP112 by the C-terminal through hydrogen bonds. In contrast, EhADH bound to mEhCP112 by 442-479 residues, adjacent to the target cell-adherence region (480-600 residues), and by the Bro1 domain (9-349 residues). Calculations of the effective binding free energy and per residue free energy decomposition showed that EhADH binds to mEhCP112 with a higher binding energy than to pEhCP112, mainly through van der Waals interactions and the nonpolar part of solvation energy. The EhADH and EhCP112 structural relationship was validated in trophozoites by immunofluorescence, TEM, and immunoprecipitation assays. Experimental findings fair agreed with in silico results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Montaño
- a Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07360 , Mexico
| | - Esther Orozco
- a Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07360 , Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- b Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos , Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESM-IPN) , Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México, D.F. 11340 , Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- b Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos , Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESM-IPN) , Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, México, D.F. 11340 , Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- a Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07360 , Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- a Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) , Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07360 , Mexico
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39
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Tang S, Buchkovich NJ, Henne WM, Banjade S, Kim YJ, Emr SD. ESCRT-III activation by parallel action of ESCRT-I/II and ESCRT-0/Bro1 during MVB biogenesis. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27074665 PMCID: PMC4865371 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway facilitates multiple fundamental membrane remodeling events. Previously, we determined X-ray crystal structures of ESCRT-III subunit Snf7, the yeast CHMP4 ortholog, in its active and polymeric state (Tang et al., 2015). However, how ESCRT-III activation is coordinated by the upstream ESCRT components at endosomes remains unclear. Here, we provide a molecular explanation for the functional divergence of structurally similar ESCRT-III subunits. We characterize novel mutations in ESCRT-III Snf7 that trigger activation, and identify a novel role of Bro1, the yeast ALIX ortholog, in Snf7 assembly. We show that upstream ESCRTs regulate Snf7 activation at both its N-terminal core domain and the C-terminus α6 helix through two parallel ubiquitin-dependent pathways: the ESCRT-I-ESCRT-II-Vps20 pathway and the ESCRT-0-Bro1 pathway. We therefore provide an enhanced understanding for the activation of the spatially unique ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodeling. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15507.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogeng Tang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Nicholas J Buchkovich
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - W Mike Henne
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Sudeep Banjade
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Yun Jung Kim
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Scott D Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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40
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Peñalva MA, Lucena-Agell D, Arst HN. Liaison alcaline: Pals entice non-endosomal ESCRTs to the plasma membrane for pH signaling. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 22:49-59. [PMID: 25460796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The alkaline pH-responsive Pal/Rim signal transduction pathway mediating regulation of gene expression by ambient pH has been extensively studied in Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In A. nidulans, PalH, PalI, PalF, PalC, PalA and PalB are required for the proteolytic activation of the executing transcription factor PacC. Although necessary, Pal proteins are insufficient to transmit the signal, which additionally requires ESCRT-I, II and Vps20 with Snf7 in ESCRT-III. Although this initially suggested cooperation between a plasma membrane sensor and an ESCRT-containing Pal complex on endosomes, recent evidence convincingly indicates that pH signaling actually takes place in plasma membrane-associated foci in which Pal proteins and an ESCRT-III polymer scaffold cooperate for pH signaling purposes, representing another non-endosomal role of ESCRT components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Peñalva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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41
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Cardona-López X, Cuyas L, Marín E, Rajulu C, Irigoyen ML, Gil E, Puga MI, Bligny R, Nussaume L, Geldner N, Paz-Ares J, Rubio V. ESCRT-III-Associated Protein ALIX Mediates High-Affinity Phosphate Transporter Trafficking to Maintain Phosphate Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2560-81. [PMID: 26342016 PMCID: PMC4815105 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prior to the release of their cargoes into the vacuolar lumen, sorting endosomes mature into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) through the action of ENDOSOMAL COMPLEX REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT (ESCRT) protein complexes. MVB-mediated sorting of high-affinity phosphate transporters (PHT1) to the vacuole limits their plasma membrane levels under phosphate-sufficient conditions, a process that allows plants to maintain phosphate homeostasis. Here, we describe ALIX, a cytosolic protein that associates with MVB by interacting with ESCRT-III subunit SNF7 and mediates PHT1;1 trafficking to the vacuole in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the partial loss-of-function mutant alix-1 displays reduced vacuolar degradation of PHT1;1. ALIX derivatives containing the alix-1 mutation showed reduced interaction with SNF7, providing a simple molecular explanation for impaired cargo trafficking in alix-1 mutants. In fact, the alix-1 mutation also hampered vacuolar sorting of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1. We also show that alix-1 displays altered vacuole morphogenesis, implying a new role for ALIX proteins in vacuolar biogenesis, likely acting as part of ESCRT-III complexes. In line with a presumed broad target spectrum, the alix-1 mutation is pleiotropic, leading to reduced plant growth and late flowering, with stronger alix mutations being lethal, indicating that ALIX participates in diverse processes in plants essential for their life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cuyas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC) Darwin, 28049 Madrid, Spain Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Aix-Marseille II, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Cedex, France
| | - Elena Marín
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Aix-Marseille II, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Cedex, France
| | - Charukesi Rajulu
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC) Darwin, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Erica Gil
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC) Darwin, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Puga
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC) Darwin, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Bligny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Vegetale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Institut de Recherche en Technologie et Sciences pour le Vivant, CEA, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Aix-Marseille II, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Cedex, France
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Javier Paz-Ares
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC) Darwin, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC) Darwin, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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42
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Arabidopsis ALIX is required for the endosomal localization of the deubiquitinating enzyme AMSH3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5543-51. [PMID: 26324913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510516112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a signal for various cellular processes, including for endocytic degradation of plasma membrane cargos. Ubiquitinating as well as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can regulate these processes by modifying the ubiquitination status of target protein. Although accumulating evidence points to the important regulatory role of DUBs, the molecular basis of their regulation is still not well understood. Associated molecule with the SH3 domain of signal transduction adaptor molecule (STAM) (AMSH) is a conserved metalloprotease DUB in eukaryotes. AMSH proteins interact with components of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and are implicated in intracellular trafficking. To investigate how the function of AMSH is regulated at the cellular level, we carried out an interaction screen for the Arabidopsis AMSH proteins and identified the Arabidopsis homolog of apoptosis-linked gene-2 interacting protein X (ALIX) as a protein interacting with AMSH3 in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of alix knockout mutants in Arabidopsis showed that ALIX is essential for plant growth and development and that ALIX is important for the biogenesis of the vacuole and multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Cell biological analysis revealed that ALIX and AMSH3 colocalize on late endosomes. Although ALIX did not stimulate AMSH3 activity in vitro, in the absence of ALIX, AMSH3 localization on endosomes was abolished. Taken together, our data indicate that ALIX could function as an important regulator for AMSH3 function at the late endosomes.
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43
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Abstract
The ESCRT proteins are an ancient system that buds membranes and severs membrane necks from their inner face. Three "classical" functions of the ESCRTs have dominated research into these proteins since their discovery in 2001: the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies in endolysosomal sorting; the budding of HIV-1 and other viruses from the plasma membrane of infected cells; and the membrane abscission step in cytokinesis. The past few years have seen an explosion of novel functions: the biogenesis of microvesicles and exosomes; plasma membrane wound repair; neuron pruning; extraction of defective nuclear pore complexes; nuclear envelope reformation; plus-stranded RNA virus replication compartment formation; and micro- and macroautophagy. Most, and perhaps all, of the functions involve the conserved membrane-neck-directed activities of the ESCRTs, revealing a remarkably widespread role for this machinery through a broad swath of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
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44
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Conserved Mode of Interaction between Yeast Bro1 Family V Domains and YP(X)nL Motif-Containing Target Proteins. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2015; 14:976-82. [PMID: 26150415 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00091-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Yeast Bro1 and Rim20 belong to a family of proteins which possess a common architecture of Bro1 and V domains. Alix and His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP), mammalian Bro1 family proteins, bind YP(X)nL (n = 1 to 3) motifs in their target proteins through their V domains. In Alix, the Phe residue, which is located in the hydrophobic groove of the V domain, is critical for binding to the YP(X)nL motif. Although the overall sequences are not highly conserved between mammalian and yeast V domains, we show that the conserved Phe residue in the yeast Bro1 V domain is important for binding to its YP(X)nL-containing target protein, Rfu1. Furthermore, we show that Rim20 binds to its target protein Rim101 through the interaction between the V domain of Rim20 and the YPIKL motif of Rim101. The mutation of either the critical Phe residue in the Rim20 V domain or the YPIKL motif of Rim101 affected the Rim20-mediated processing of Rim101. These results suggest that the interactions between V domains and YP(X)nL motif-containing proteins are conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. Moreover, the specificities of each V domain to their target protein suggest that unidentified elements determine the binding specificity.
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45
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Eikenes ÅH, Malerød L, Christensen AL, Steen CB, Mathieu J, Nezis IP, Liestøl K, Huynh JR, Stenmark H, Haglund K. ALIX and ESCRT-III coordinately control cytokinetic abscission during germline stem cell division in vivo. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004904. [PMID: 25635693 PMCID: PMC4312039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscission is the final step of cytokinesis that involves the cleavage of the intercellular bridge connecting the two daughter cells. Recent studies have given novel insight into the spatiotemporal regulation and molecular mechanisms controlling abscission in cultured yeast and human cells. The mechanisms of abscission in living metazoan tissues are however not well understood. Here we show that ALIX and the ESCRT-III component Shrub are required for completion of abscission during Drosophila female germline stem cell (fGSC) division. Loss of ALIX or Shrub function in fGSCs leads to delayed abscission and the consequent formation of stem cysts in which chains of daughter cells remain interconnected to the fGSC via midbody rings and fusome. We demonstrate that ALIX and Shrub interact and that they co-localize at midbody rings and midbodies during cytokinetic abscission in fGSCs. Mechanistically, we show that the direct interaction between ALIX and Shrub is required to ensure cytokinesis completion with normal kinetics in fGSCs. We conclude that ALIX and ESCRT-III coordinately control abscission in Drosophila fGSCs and that their complex formation is required for accurate abscission timing in GSCs in vivo. Cytokinesis, the final step of cell division, concludes with a process termed abscission, during which the two daughter cells physically separate. In spite of their importance, the molecular machineries controlling abscission are poorly characterized especially in the context of living metazoan tissues. Here we provide molecular insight into the mechanism of abscission using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. We show that the scaffold protein ALIX and the ESCRT-III component Shrub are required for completion of abscission in Drosophila female germline stem cells (fGSCs). ESCRT-III has been implicated in topologically similar membrane scission events as abscission, namely intraluminal vesicle formation at endosomes and virus budding. Here we demonstrate that ALIX and Shrub co-localize and interact to promote abscission with correct timing in Drosophila fGSCs. We thus show that ALIX and ESCRT-III coordinately control abscission in Drosophila fGSCs cells and report an evolutionarily conserved function of the ALIX/ESCRT-III pathway during cytokinesis in a multi-cellular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund H. Eikenes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Malerød
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Lie Christensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chloé B. Steen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juliette Mathieu
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3215, Inserm U934 F-75248, Paris, France
| | - Ioannis P. Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Knut Liestøl
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-René Huynh
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3215, Inserm U934 F-75248, Paris, France
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaisa Haglund
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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46
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Erpapazoglou Z, Walker O, Haguenauer-Tsapis R. Versatile roles of k63-linked ubiquitin chains in trafficking. Cells 2014; 3:1027-88. [PMID: 25396681 PMCID: PMC4276913 DOI: 10.3390/cells3041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification by Lys63-linked ubiquitin (UbK63) chains is the second most abundant form of ubiquitylation. In addition to their role in DNA repair or kinase activation, UbK63 chains interfere with multiple steps of intracellular trafficking. UbK63 chains decorate many plasma membrane proteins, providing a signal that is often, but not always, required for their internalization. In yeast, plants, worms and mammals, this same modification appears to be critical for efficient sorting to multivesicular bodies and subsequent lysosomal degradation. UbK63 chains are also one of the modifications involved in various forms of autophagy (mitophagy, xenophagy, or aggrephagy). Here, in the context of trafficking, we report recent structural studies investigating UbK63 chains assembly by various E2/E3 pairs, disassembly by deubiquitylases, and specifically recognition as sorting signals by receptors carrying Ub-binding domains, often acting in tandem. In addition, we address emerging and unanticipated roles of UbK63 chains in various recycling pathways that function by activating nucleators required for actin polymerization, as well as in the transient recruitment of signaling molecules at the plasma or ER membrane. In this review, we describe recent advances that converge to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the wealth of trafficking functions of UbK63 chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Erpapazoglou
- Institut Jacques Monod-CNRS, UMR 7592, Université-Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Walker
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280, Université de Lyon/Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Rosine Haguenauer-Tsapis
- Institut Jacques Monod-CNRS, UMR 7592, Université-Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France.
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47
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Amorim NA, da Silva EML, de Castro RO, da Silva-Januário ME, Mendonça LM, Bonifacino JS, da Costa LJ, daSilva LLP. Interaction of HIV-1 Nef protein with the host protein Alix promotes lysosomal targeting of CD4 receptor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27744-56. [PMID: 25118280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.560193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nef is an accessory protein of human immunodeficiency viruses that promotes viral replication and progression to AIDS through interference with various host trafficking and signaling pathways. A key function of Nef is the down-regulation of the coreceptor CD4 from the surface of the host cells. Nef-induced CD4 down-regulation involves at least two independent steps as follows: acceleration of CD4 endocytosis by a clathrin/AP-2-dependent pathway and targeting of internalized CD4 to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) for eventual degradation in lysosomes. In a previous work, we found that CD4 targeting to the MVB pathway was independent of CD4 ubiquitination. Here, we report that this targeting depends on a direct interaction of Nef with Alix/AIP1, a protein associated with the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery that assists with cargo recruitment and intraluminal vesicle formation in MVBs. We show that Nef interacts with both the Bro1 and V domains of Alix. Depletion of Alix or overexpression of the Alix V domain impairs lysosomal degradation of CD4 induced by Nef. In contrast, the V domain overexpression does not prevent cell surface removal of CD4 by Nef or protein targeting to the canonical ubiquitination-dependent MVB pathway. We also show that the Nef-Alix interaction occurs in late endosomes that are enriched in internalized CD4. Together, our results indicate that Alix functions as an adaptor for the ESCRT-dependent, ubiquitin-independent targeting of CD4 to the MVB pathway induced by Nef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly A Amorim
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Eulália M L da Silva
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O de Castro
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Mara E da Silva-Januário
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza M Mendonça
- the Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil, and
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- the Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Luciana J da Costa
- the Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil, and
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil,
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48
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Kajimoto T, Okada T, Miya S, Zhang L, Nakamura SI. Ongoing activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors mediates maturation of exosomal multivesicular endosomes. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2712. [PMID: 24231649 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During late endosome maturation, cargo molecules are sorted into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular endosomes (MVEs), and are either delivered to lysosomes for degradation or fused with the plasma membranes for exosome release. The mechanism underlying formation of exosomal ILVs and cargo sorting into ILVs destined for exosome release is still unclear. Here we show that inhibitory G protein (Gi)-coupled sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors regulate exosomal MVE maturation. Gi-coupled S1P receptors on MVEs are constitutively activated through a constant supply of S1P via autocrine activation within organelles. We also found that the continuous activation of Gi-coupled S1P receptors on MVEs is essential for cargo sorting into ILVs destined for exosome release. Our results reveal a mechanism underlying ESCRT-independent maturation of exosomal MVEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketoshi Kajimoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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49
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Kimura Y, Kawawaki J, Kakiyama Y, Shimoda A, Tanaka K. The ESCRT-III adaptor protein Bro1 controls functions of regulator for free ubiquitin chains 1 (Rfu1) in ubiquitin homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21760-9. [PMID: 24962567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast Rfu1 (regulator for free ubiquitin chain 1) localizes to endosomes and plays a role in ubiquitin homeostasis by inhibiting the activity of Doa4. We show that Bro1, a member of the class E vacuolar protein sorting proteins that recruits Doa4 to endosomes and stimulates Doa4 deubiquitinating activity, also recruits Rfu1 to endosomes for involvement in ubiquitin homeostasis. This recruitment was mediated by the direct interaction between a region containing the YPEL motif in Rfu1 and the V domain in Bro1, which could be analogous to the interaction between the mammalian Alix V domain and YPXnL motifs of viral and cellular proteins. Furthermore, overexpression of Bro1, particularly the V domain, prevented Rfu1 degradation in response to heat shock. Thus, Bro1, a Doa4 positive regulator, regulated Rfu1, a negative regulator of Doa4. Rfu1 degradation partly involved the proteasome and a ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, suggesting that Rfu1 stability was regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kimura
- From the Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 113-8613 and the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Junko Kawawaki
- From the Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 113-8613 and
| | - Yukie Kakiyama
- From the Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 113-8613 and
| | - Ayumi Shimoda
- From the Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 113-8613 and
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- From the Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 113-8613 and
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50
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ALIX is recruited temporarily into HIV-1 budding sites at the end of gag assembly. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96950. [PMID: 24834918 PMCID: PMC4023924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization of Gag on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane drives the assembly of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1). Gag recruits components of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) to facilitate membrane fission and virion release. ESCRT assembly is initiated by recruitment of ALIX and TSG101/ESCRT-I, which bind directly to the viral Gag protein and then recruit the downstream ESCRT-III and VPS4 factors to complete the budding process. In contrast to previous models, we show that ALIX is recruited transiently at the end of Gag assembly, and that most ALIX molecules are recycled into the cytosol as the virus buds, although a subset remains within the virion. Our experiments imply that ALIX is recruited to the neck of the assembling virion and is mostly recycled after virion release.
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