1
|
Haga K, Fukuda M. Comprehensive knockout analysis of the RAB family small GTPases reveals an overlapping role of RAB2 and RAB14 in autophagosome maturation. Autophagy 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38953305 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2374699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy, simply referred to below as autophagy, is an intracellular degradation system that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. Since the processes involved in autophagy are accompanied by membrane dynamics, RAB small GTPases, key regulators of membrane trafficking, are generally thought to regulate the membrane dynamics of autophagy. Although more than half of the mammalian RABs have been reported to be involved in canonical and selective autophagy, no consensus has been reached in regard to the role of RABs in mammalian autophagy. Here, we comprehensively analyzed a rab-knockout (KO) library of MDCK cells to reevaluate the requirement for each RAB isoform in basal and starvation-induced autophagy. The results revealed clear alteration of the MAP1LC3/LC3-II level in only four rab-KO cells (rab1-KO, rab2-KO, rab7a-KO, and rab14-KO cells) and identified RAB14 as a new regulator of autophagy, specifically at the autophagosome maturation step. The autophagy-defective phenotype of two of these rab-KO cells, rab2-KO and rab14-KO cells, was very mild, but double KO of rab2 and rab14 caused a severer autophagy-defective phenotype (greater LC3 accumulation than in single-KO cells, indicating an overlapping role of RAB2 and RAB14 during autophagosome maturation. We also found that RAB14 is phylogenetically similar to RAB2 and that it possesses the same properties as RAB2, i.e. autophagosome localization and interaction with the HOPS subunits VPS39 and VPS41. Our findings suggest that RAB2 and RAB14 overlappingly regulate the autophagosome maturation step through recruitment of the HOPS complex to the autophagosome.Abbreviation: AID2: auxin-inducible degron 2; ATG: autophagy related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CKO: conditional knockout; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; EEA1: early endosome antigen 1; HOPS: homotypic fusion and protein sorting; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IP: immunoprecipitation; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; MDCK: Madin-Darby canine kidney; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; 5-Ph-IAA: 5-phenyl-indole-3-acetic acid; pAb: polyclonal antibody; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SNARE: soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor; TF: transferrin; WT: wild-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Haga
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahumada-Marchant C, Ancatén-Gonzalez C, Haensgen H, Brauer B, Merino-Veliz N, Droste R, Arancibia F, Horvitz HR, Constantine-Paton M, Arriagada G, Chávez AE, Bustos FJ. Deletion of VPS50 protein in mouse brain impairs synaptic function and behavior. BMC Biol 2024; 22:142. [PMID: 38926759 PMCID: PMC11210182 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VPS50 protein functions in synaptic and dense core vesicle acidification, and perturbations of VPS50 function produce behavioral changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Patients with mutations in VPS50 show severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, characteristics that have been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The mechanisms that link VPS50 mutations to ASD are unknown. RESULTS To examine the role of VPS50 in mammalian brain function and behavior, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate knockouts of VPS50 in both cultured murine cortical neurons and living mice. In cultured neurons, KO of VPS50 did not affect the number of synaptic vesicles but did cause mislocalization of the V-ATPase V1 domain pump and impaired synaptic activity, likely as a consequence of defects in vesicle acidification and vesicle content. In mice, mosaic KO of VPS50 in the hippocampus altered synaptic transmission and plasticity and generated robust cognitive impairments. CONCLUSIONS We propose that VPS50 functions as an accessory protein to aid the recruitment of the V-ATPase V1 domain to synaptic vesicles and in that way plays a crucial role in controlling synaptic vesicle acidification. Understanding the mechanisms controlling behaviors and synaptic function in ASD-associated mutations is pivotal for the development of targeted interventions, which may open new avenues for therapeutic strategies aimed at ASD and related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Ahumada-Marchant
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Ancatén-Gonzalez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Mención Neurociencia, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Henny Haensgen
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastian Brauer
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Merino-Veliz
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rita Droste
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Felipe Arancibia
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - H Robert Horvitz
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Martha Constantine-Paton
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gloria Arriagada
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fernando J Bustos
- Constantine-Paton Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus of Neuroepigenetics and Plasticity (EpiNeuro), Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Y, Tao X, Han Y, Lin X, Tian R, Wang H, Chang P, Sun Q, Ge L, Zhang M. A dual role of ERGIC-localized Rabs in TMED10-mediated unconventional protein secretion. Nat Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41556-024-01445-4. [PMID: 38926505 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cargo translocation across membranes is a crucial aspect of secretion. In conventional secretion signal peptide-equipped proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas a subset of cargo lacking signal peptides translocate into the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in a process called unconventional protein secretion (UcPS). The regulatory events at the ERGIC in UcPS are unclear. Here we reveal the involvement of ERGIC-localized small GTPases, Rab1 (Rab1A and Rab1B) and Rab2A, in regulating UcPS cargo transport via TMED10 on the ERGIC. Rab1 enhances TMED10 translocator activity, promoting cargo translocation into the ERGIC, whereas Rab2A, in collaboration with KIF5B, regulates ERGIC compartmentalization, establishing a UcPS-specific compartment. This study highlights the pivotal role of ERGIC-localized Rabs in governing cargo translocation and specifying the ERGIC's function in UcPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xubo Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh K, Das S, Sutradhar S, Howard J, Ray K. Insulin signaling accelerates the anterograde movement of Rab4 vesicles in axons through Klp98A/KIF16B recruitment via Vps34-PI3Kinase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590898. [PMID: 38895253 PMCID: PMC11185528 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rab4 GTPase organizes endosomal sorting essential for maintaining the balance between recycling and degradative pathways. Rab4 localizes to many cargos whose transport in neurons is critical for regulating neurotransmission and neuronal health. Furthermore, elevated Rab4 levels in the CNS are associated with synaptic atrophy and neurodegeneration in Drosophila and humans, respectively. However, how the transport of Rab4-associated vesicles is regulated in neurons remains unknown. Using in vivo time-lapse imaging of Drosophila larvae, we show that activation of insulin signaling via Dilp2 and dInR increases the anterograde velocity, run length, and flux of Rab4 vesicles in the axons. Molecularly, we show that activation of neuronal insulin signaling further activates Vps34, elevates the levels of PI(3)P on Rab4-associated vesicles, recruits Klp98A (a PI(3)P-binding kinesin-3 motor) and activates their anterograde transport. Together, these observations delineate the role of insulin signaling in regulating axonal transport and synaptic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeep Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai - 400005, India
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT - 06520, United States
| | - Semanti Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai - 400005, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sutradhar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT - 06520, United States
| | - Jonathon Howard
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT - 06520, United States
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai - 400005, India
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana – 122051, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith DM, Liu BY, Wolfgang MJ. Rab30 facilitates lipid homeostasis during fasting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4469. [PMID: 38796472 PMCID: PMC11127972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To facilitate inter-tissue communication and the exchange of proteins, lipoproteins, and metabolites with the circulation, hepatocytes have an intricate and efficient intracellular trafficking system regulated by small Rab GTPases. Here, we show that Rab30 is induced in the mouse liver by fasting, which is amplified in liver-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 knockout mice (Cpt2L-/-) lacking the ability to oxidize fatty acids, in a Pparα-dependent manner. Live-cell super-resolution imaging and in vivo proximity labeling demonstrates that Rab30-marked vesicles are highly dynamic and interact with proteins throughout the secretory pathway. Rab30 whole-body, liver-specific, and Rab30; Cpt2 liver-specific double knockout (DKO) mice are viable with intact Golgi ultrastructure, although Rab30 deficiency in DKO mice suppresses the serum dyslipidemia observed in Cpt2L-/- mice. Corresponding with decreased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, DKO mice exhibit decreased circulating but not hepatic ApoA4 protein, indicative of a trafficking defect. Together, these data suggest a role for Rab30 in the selective sorting of lipoproteins to influence hepatocyte and circulating triglyceride levels, particularly during times of excessive lipid burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Smith
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brian Y Liu
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soltani S, Webb SM, Kroll T, King-Jones K. Drosophila Evi5 is a critical regulator of intracellular iron transport via transferrin and ferritin interactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4045. [PMID: 38744835 PMCID: PMC11094094 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vesicular transport is essential for delivering cargo to intracellular destinations. Evi5 is a Rab11-GTPase-activating protein involved in endosome recycling. In humans, Evi5 is a high-risk locus for multiple sclerosis, a debilitating disease that also presents with excess iron in the CNS. In insects, the prothoracic gland (PG) requires entry of extracellular iron to synthesize steroidogenic enzyme cofactors. The mechanism of peripheral iron uptake in insect cells remains controversial. We show that Evi5-depletion in the Drosophila PG affected vesicle morphology and density, blocked endosome recycling and impaired trafficking of transferrin-1, thus disrupting heme synthesis due to reduced cellular iron concentrations. We show that ferritin delivers iron to the PG as well, and interacts physically with Evi5. Further, ferritin-injection rescued developmental delays associated with Evi5-depletion. To summarize, our findings show that Evi5 is critical for intracellular iron trafficking via transferrin-1 and ferritin, and implicate altered iron homeostasis in the etiology of multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Soltani
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Science, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Kirst King-Jones
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Science, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li L, Liu X, Yang S, Li M, Wu Y, Hu S, Wang W, Jiang A, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Ma X, Hu J, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Li D, Hu J, Yang C, Feng W, Wang X. The HEAT repeat protein HPO-27 is a lysosome fission factor. Nature 2024; 628:630-638. [PMID: 38538795 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradation and signalling centres crucial for homeostasis, development and ageing1. To meet diverse cellular demands, lysosomes remodel their morphology and function through constant fusion and fission2,3. Little is known about the molecular basis of fission. Here we identify HPO-27, a conserved HEAT repeat protein, as a lysosome scission factor in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of HPO-27 impairs lysosome fission and leads to an excessive tubular network that ultimately collapses. HPO-27 and its human homologue MROH1 are recruited to lysosomes by RAB-7 and enriched at scission sites. Super-resolution imaging, negative-staining electron microscopy and in vitro reconstitution assays reveal that HPO-27 and MROH1 self-assemble to mediate the constriction and scission of lysosomal tubules in worms and mammalian cells, respectively, and assemble to sever supported membrane tubes in vitro. Loss of HPO-27 affects lysosomal morphology, integrity and degradation activity, which impairs animal development and longevity. Thus, HPO-27 and MROH1 act as self-assembling scission factors to maintain lysosomal homeostasis and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letao Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xilu Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Amin Jiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbing Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yubing Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gopan S, Pucadyil TJ. The race to uncover fission factors for lysosomal organelles heats up. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00851-w. [PMID: 38538889 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
|
9
|
Ke PY. Molecular Mechanism of Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2024; 13:500. [PMID: 38534345 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, targeting intracellular components for lysosomal degradation by autophagy represents a catabolic process that evolutionarily regulates cellular homeostasis. The successful completion of autophagy initiates the engulfment of cytoplasmic materials within double-membrane autophagosomes and subsequent delivery to autolysosomes for degradation by acidic proteases. The formation of autolysosomes relies on the precise fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. In recent decades, numerous studies have provided insights into the molecular regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In this review, an overview of the molecules that function in the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes is provided. Moreover, the molecular mechanism underlying how these functional molecules regulate autophagosome-lysosome fusion is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van der Beek J, de Heus C, Sanza P, Liv N, Klumperman J. Loss of the HOPS complex disrupts early-to-late endosome transition, impairs endosomal recycling and induces accumulation of amphisomes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar40. [PMID: 38198575 PMCID: PMC10916860 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-08-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The multisubunit HOPS tethering complex is a well-established regulator of lysosome fusion with late endosomes and autophagosomes. However, the role of the HOPS complex in other stages of endo-lysosomal trafficking is not well understood. To address this, we made HeLa cells knocked out for the HOPS-specific subunits Vps39 or Vps41, or the HOPS-CORVET-core subunits Vps18 or Vps11. In all four knockout cells, we found that endocytosed cargos were trapped in enlarged endosomes that clustered in the perinuclear area. By correlative light-electron microscopy, these endosomes showed a complex ultrastructure and hybrid molecular composition, displaying markers for early (Rab5, PtdIns3P, EEA1) as well as late (Rab7, CD63, LAMP1) endosomes. These "HOPS bodies" were not acidified, contained enzymatically inactive cathepsins and accumulated endocytosed cargo and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR). Consequently, CI-MPR was depleted from the TGN, and secretion of lysosomal enzymes to the extracellular space was enhanced. Strikingly, HOPS bodies also contained the autophagy proteins p62 and LC3, defining them as amphisomes. Together, these findings show that depletion of the lysosomal HOPS complex has a profound impact on the functional organization of the entire endosomal system and suggest the existence of a HOPS-independent mechanism for amphisome formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan van der Beek
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Sanza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu Y, Chen D, Farmer SM, Xu S, Rios B, Solbach A, Ye X, Ye L, Zhang S. Endolysosomal trafficking controls yolk granule biogenesis in vitellogenic Drosophila oocytes. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011152. [PMID: 38315726 PMCID: PMC10898735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis and endolysosomal trafficking are essential for almost all aspects of physiological functions of eukaryotic cells. As our understanding on these membrane trafficking events are mostly from studies in yeast and cultured mammalian cells, one challenge is to systematically evaluate the findings from these cell-based studies in multicellular organisms under physiological settings. One potentially valuable in vivo system to address this challenge is the vitellogenic oocyte in Drosophila, which undergoes extensive endocytosis by Yolkless (Yl), a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), to uptake extracellular lipoproteins into oocytes and package them into a specialized lysosome, the yolk granule, for storage and usage during later development. However, by now there is still a lack of sufficient understanding on the molecular and cellular processes that control yolk granule biogenesis. Here, by creating genome-tagging lines for Yl receptor and analyzing its distribution in vitellogenic oocytes, we observed a close association of different endosomal structures with distinct phosphoinositides and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. We further showed that Rab5 and Rab11, but surprisingly not Rab4 and Rab7, are essential for yolk granules biogenesis. Instead, we uncovered evidence for a potential role of Rab7 in actin regulation and observed a notable overlap of Rab4 and Rab7, two Rab GTPases that have long been proposed to have distinct spatial distribution and functional roles during endolysosomal trafficking. Through a small-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screen on a set of reported Rab5 effectors, we showed that yolk granule biogenesis largely follows the canonical endolysosomal trafficking and maturation processes. Further, the data suggest that the RAVE/V-ATPase complexes function upstream of or in parallel with Rab7, and are involved in earlier stages of endosomal trafficking events. Together, our study provides s novel insights into endolysosomal pathways and establishes vitellogenic oocyte in Drosophila as an excellent in vivo model for dissecting the highly complex membrane trafficking events in metazoan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, #1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stephen M. Farmer
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Xu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Rios
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amanda Solbach
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Programs in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xin Ye
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lili Ye
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Programs in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Georgiou X, Dimou S, Diallinas G, Samiotaki M. The interactome of the UapA transporter reveals putative new players in anterograde membrane cargo trafficking. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103840. [PMID: 37730157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Neosynthesized plasma membrane (PM) proteins co-translationally translocate to the ER, concentrate at regions called ER-exit sites (ERes) and pack into COPII secretory vesicles which are sorted to the early-Golgi through membrane fusion. Following Golgi maturation, membrane cargoes reach the late-Golgi, from where they exit in clathrin-coated vesicles destined to the PM, directly or through endosomes. Post-Golgi membrane cargo trafficking also involves the cytoskeleton and the exocyst. The Golgi-dependent secretory pathway is thought to be responsible for the trafficking of all major membrane proteins. However, our recent findings in Aspergillus nidulans showed that several plasma membrane cargoes, such as transporters and receptors, follow a sorting route that seems to bypass Golgi functioning. To gain insight on membrane trafficking and specifically Golgi-bypass, here we used proximity dependent biotinylation (PDB) coupled with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) for identifying transient interactors of the UapA transporter. Our assays, which included proteomes of wild-type and mutant strains affecting ER-exit or endocytosis, identified both expected and novel interactions that might be physiologically relevant to UapA trafficking. Among those, we validated, using reverse genetics and fluorescence microscopy, that COPI coatomer is essential for ER-exit and anterograde trafficking of UapA and other membrane cargoes. We also showed that ArfAArf1 GTPase activating protein (GAP) Glo3 contributes to UapA trafficking at increased temperature. This is the first report addressing the identification of transient interactions during membrane cargo biogenesis using PDB and proteomics coupled with fungal genetics. Our work provides a basis for dissecting dynamic membrane cargo trafficking via PDB assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Georgiou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Sofia Dimou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - George Diallinas
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens 15784, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Institute for Bioinnovation, Vari 16672, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chan AW, Broncel M, Yifrach E, Haseley NR, Chakladar S, Andree E, Herneisen AL, Shortt E, Treeck M, Lourido S. Analysis of CDPK1 targets identifies a trafficking adaptor complex that regulates microneme exocytosis in Toxoplasma. eLife 2023; 12:RP85654. [PMID: 37933960 PMCID: PMC10629828 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites use Ca2+-regulated exocytosis to secrete essential virulence factors from specialized organelles called micronemes. Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are required for microneme exocytosis; however, the molecular events that regulate trafficking and fusion of micronemes with the plasma membrane remain unresolved. Here, we combine sub-minute resolution phosphoproteomics and bio-orthogonal labeling of kinase substrates in Toxoplasma gondii to identify 163 proteins phosphorylated in a CDPK1-dependent manner. In addition to known regulators of secretion, we identify uncharacterized targets with predicted functions across signaling, gene expression, trafficking, metabolism, and ion homeostasis. One of the CDPK1 targets is a putative HOOK activating adaptor. In other eukaryotes, HOOK homologs form the FHF complex with FTS and FHIP to activate dynein-mediated trafficking of endosomes along microtubules. We show the FHF complex is partially conserved in T. gondii, consisting of HOOK, an FTS homolog, and two parasite-specific proteins (TGGT1_306920 and TGGT1_316650). CDPK1 kinase activity and HOOK are required for the rapid apical trafficking of micronemes as parasites initiate motility. Moreover, parasites lacking HOOK or FTS display impaired microneme protein secretion, leading to a block in the invasion of host cells. Taken together, our work provides a comprehensive catalog of CDPK1 targets and reveals how vesicular trafficking has been tuned to support a parasitic lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Malgorzata Broncel
- Signaling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eden Yifrach
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | - Nicole R Haseley
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Elena Andree
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | - Alice L Herneisen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Emily Shortt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | - Moritz Treeck
- Signaling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kiss RS, Chicoine J, Khalil Y, Sladek R, Chen H, Pisaturo A, Martin C, Dale JD, Brudenell TA, Kamath A, Kyei-Boahen J, Hafiane A, Daliah G, Alecki C, Hopes TS, Heier M, Aligianis IA, Lebrun JJ, Aspden J, Paci E, Kerksiek A, Lütjohann D, Clayton P, Wills JC, von Kriegsheim A, Nilsson T, Sheridan E, Handley MT. Comparative proximity biotinylation implicates the small GTPase RAB18 in sterol mobilization and biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105295. [PMID: 37774976 PMCID: PMC10641524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of functional RAB18 causes the autosomal recessive condition Warburg Micro syndrome. To better understand this disease, we used proximity biotinylation to generate an inventory of potential RAB18 effectors. A restricted set of 28 RAB18 interactions were dependent on the binary RAB3GAP1-RAB3GAP2 RAB18-guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex. Twelve of these 28 interactions are supported by prior reports, and we have directly validated novel interactions with SEC22A, TMCO4, and INPP5B. Consistent with a role for RAB18 in regulating membrane contact sites, interactors included groups of microtubule/membrane-remodeling proteins, membrane-tethering and docking proteins, and lipid-modifying/transporting proteins. Two of the putative interactors, EBP and OSBPL2/ORP2, have sterol substrates. EBP is a Δ8-Δ7 sterol isomerase, and ORP2 is a lipid transport protein. This prompted us to investigate a role for RAB18 in cholesterol biosynthesis. We found that the cholesterol precursor and EBP-product lathosterol accumulates in both RAB18-null HeLa cells and RAB3GAP1-null fibroblasts derived from an affected individual. Furthermore, de novo cholesterol biosynthesis is impaired in cells in which RAB18 is absent or dysregulated or in which ORP2 expression is disrupted. Our data demonstrate that guanine nucleotide exchange factor-dependent Rab interactions are highly amenable to interrogation by proximity biotinylation and may suggest that Micro syndrome is a cholesterol biosynthesis disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Kiss
- Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan (CHAL) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jarred Chicoine
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MEDIC) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Youssef Khalil
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sladek
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MEDIC) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - He Chen
- Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan (CHAL) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alessandro Pisaturo
- Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan (CHAL) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan (CHAL) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica D Dale
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tegan A Brudenell
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Archith Kamath
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Kyei-Boahen
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, CHAL Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, CHAL Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Girija Daliah
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Célia Alecki
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tayah S Hopes
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Heier
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene A Aligianis
- Medical and Developmental Genetics, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julie Aspden
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Paci
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimi C Wills
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Firefinch Software Ltd, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tommy Nilsson
- Cancer Research Program (CRP), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Handley
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nozawa T, Toh H, Iibushi J, Kogai K, Minowa-Nozawa A, Satoh J, Ito S, Murase K, Nakagawa I. Rab41-mediated ESCRT machinery repairs membrane rupture by a bacterial toxin in xenophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6230. [PMID: 37802980 PMCID: PMC10558455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenophagy, a type of selective autophagy, is a bactericidal membrane trafficking that targets cytosolic bacterial pathogens, but the membrane homeostatic system to cope with bacterial infection in xenophagy is not known. Here, we show that the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is needed to maintain homeostasis of xenophagolysosomes damaged by a bacterial toxin, which is regulated through the TOM1L2-Rab41 pathway that recruits AAA-ATPase VPS4. We screened Rab GTPases and identified Rab41 as critical for maintaining the acidification of xenophagolysosomes. Confocal microscopy revealed that ESCRT components were recruited to the entire xenophagolysosome, and this recruitment was inhibited by intrabody expression against bacterial cytolysin, indicating that ESCRT targets xenophagolysosomes in response to a bacterial toxin. Rab41 translocates to damaged autophagic membranes via adaptor protein TOM1L2 and recruits VPS4 to complete ESCRT-mediated membrane repair in a unique GTPase-independent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that the TOM1L2-Rab41 pathway-mediated ESCRT is critical for the efficient clearance of bacteria through xenophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Toh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junpei Iibushi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Kogai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Minowa-Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Satoh
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Murase
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chan AW, Broncel M, Yifrach E, Haseley N, Chakladar S, Andree E, Herneisen AL, Shortt E, Treeck M, Lourido S. Analysis of CDPK1 targets identifies a trafficking adaptor complex that regulates microneme exocytosis in Toxoplasma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523553. [PMID: 36712004 PMCID: PMC9882037 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites use Ca2+-regulated exocytosis to secrete essential virulence factors from specialized organelles called micronemes. Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are required for microneme exocytosis; however, the molecular events that regulate trafficking and fusion of micronemes with the plasma membrane remain unresolved. Here, we combine sub-minute resolution phosphoproteomics and bio-orthogonal labeling of kinase substrates in Toxoplasma gondii to identify 163 proteins phosphorylated in a CDPK1-dependent manner. In addition to known regulators of secretion, we identify uncharacterized targets with predicted functions across signaling, gene expression, trafficking, metabolism, and ion homeostasis. One of the CDPK1 targets is a putative HOOK activating adaptor. In other eukaryotes, HOOK homologs form the FHF complex with FTS and FHIP to activate dynein-mediated trafficking of endosomes along microtubules. We show the FHF complex is partially conserved in T. gondii, consisting of HOOK, an FTS homolog, and two parasite-specific proteins (TGGT1_306920 and TGGT1_316650). CDPK1 kinase activity and HOOK are required for the rapid apical trafficking of micronemes as parasites initiate motility. Moreover, parasites lacking HOOK or FTS display impaired microneme protein secretion, leading to a block in the invasion of host cells. Taken together, our work provides a comprehensive catalog of CDPK1 targets and reveals how vesicular trafficking has been tuned to support a parasitic lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Malgorzata Broncel
- Signaling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Eden Yifrach
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Haseley
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Elena Andree
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alice L Herneisen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily Shortt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moritz Treeck
- Signaling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miao H, Millage M, Rollins KR, Blankenship JT. A Rab39-Klp98A-Rab35 endocytic recycling pathway is essential for rapid Golgi-dependent furrow ingression. Development 2023; 150:dev201547. [PMID: 37590130 PMCID: PMC10445802 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Ingression of the plasma membrane is an essential part of the cell topology-distorting repertoire and a key element in animal cell cytokinesis. Many embryos have rapid cleavage stages in which they are furrowing powerhouses, quickly forming and disassembling cleavage furrows on timescales of just minutes. Previous work has shown that cytoskeletal proteins and membrane trafficking coordinate to drive furrow ingression, but where these membrane stores are derived from and how they are directed to furrowing processes has been less clear. Here, we identify an extensive Rab35/Rab4>Rab39/Klp98A>trans-Golgi network (TGN) endocytic recycling pathway necessary for fast furrow ingression in the Drosophila embryo. Rab39 is present in vesiculotubular compartments at the TGN where it receives endocytically derived cargo through a Rab35/Rab4-dependent pathway. A Kinesin-3 family member, Klp98A, drives the movements and tubulation activities of Rab39, and disruption of this Rab39-Klp98A-Rab35 pathway causes deep furrow ingression defects and genomic instability. These data suggest that an endocytic recycling pathway rapidly remobilizes membrane cargo from the cell surface and directs it to the trans-Golgi network to permit the initiation of new cycles of cleavage furrow formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Miao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Megan Millage
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | | | - J. Todd Blankenship
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rocha JJ, Jayaram SA, Stevens TJ, Muschalik N, Shah RD, Emran S, Robles C, Freeman M, Munro S. Functional unknomics: Systematic screening of conserved genes of unknown function. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002222. [PMID: 37552676 PMCID: PMC10409296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome encodes approximately 20,000 proteins, many still uncharacterised. It has become clear that scientific research tends to focus on well-studied proteins, leading to a concern that poorly understood genes are unjustifiably neglected. To address this, we have developed a publicly available and customisable "Unknome database" that ranks proteins based on how little is known about them. We applied RNA interference (RNAi) in Drosophila to 260 unknown genes that are conserved between flies and humans. Knockdown of some genes resulted in loss of viability, and functional screening of the rest revealed hits for fertility, development, locomotion, protein quality control, and resilience to stress. CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption validated a component of Notch signalling and 2 genes contributing to male fertility. Our work illustrates the importance of poorly understood genes, provides a resource to accelerate future research, and highlights a need to support database curation to ensure that misannotation does not erode our awareness of our own ignorance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João J. Rocha
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tim J. Stevens
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rajen D. Shah
- Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sahar Emran
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Robles
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Freeman
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maruzs T, Feil-Börcsök D, Lakatos E, Juhász G, Blastyák A, Hargitai D, Jean S, Lőrincz P, Juhász G. Interaction of the sorting nexin 25 homologue Snazarus with Rab11 balances endocytic and secretory transport and maintains the ultrafiltration diaphragm in nephrocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar87. [PMID: 37314856 PMCID: PMC10398886 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-09-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper balance of exocytosis and endocytosis is important for the maintenance of plasma membrane lipid and protein homeostasis. This is especially critical in human podocytes and the podocyte-like Drosophila nephrocytes that both use a delicate diaphragm system with evolutionarily conserved components for ultrafiltration. Here, we show that the sorting nexin 25 homologue Snazarus (Snz) binds to Rab11 and localizes to Rab11-positive recycling endosomes in Drosophila nephrocytes, unlike in fat cells where it is present in plasma membrane/lipid droplet/endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Loss of Snz leads to redistribution of Rab11 vesicles from the cell periphery and increases endocytic activity in nephrocytes. These changes are accompanied by defects in diaphragm protein distribution that resemble those seen in Rab11 gain-of-function cells. Of note, co-overexpression of Snz rescues diaphragm defects in Rab11 overexpressing cells, whereas snz knockdown in Rab11 overexpressing nephrocytes or simultaneous knockdown of snz and tbc1d8b encoding a Rab11 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) leads to massive expansion of the lacunar system that contains mislocalized diaphragm components: Sns and Pyd/ZO-1. We find that loss of Snz enhances while its overexpression impairs secretion, which, together with genetic epistasis analyses, suggest that Snz counteracts Rab11 to maintain the diaphragm via setting the proper balance of exocytosis and endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Maruzs
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
| | - Dalma Feil-Börcsök
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
| | - Enikő Lakatos
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
| | - András Blastyák
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
| | - Dávid Hargitai
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117 Hungary
| | - Steve Jean
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1E 4K8 Canada
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117 Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, H-6726 Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117 Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cui G, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Ai S, Sun R, Yi X, Zhong G. Evolutional insights into the interaction between Rab7 and RILP in lysosome motility. iScience 2023; 26:107040. [PMID: 37534141 PMCID: PMC10391735 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosome motility is critical for the cellular function. However, Rab7-related transport elements showed genetic differences between vertebrates and invertebrates, making the mechanism of lysosomal motility mysterious. We suggested that Rab7 interacted with RILP as a feature of highly evolved organisms since they could interact with each other in Spodoptera frugiperda but not in Drosophila melanogaster. The N-terminus of Sf-RILP was identified to be necessary for their interaction, and Glu61 was supposed to be the key point for the stability of the interaction. A GC-rich domain on the C-terminal parts of Sf-RILP hampered the expression of Sf-RILP and its interaction with Sf-Rab7. Although the corresponding vital amino acids in the mammalian model at the C-terminus of Sf-RILP turned to be neutral, the C-terminus would also help with the homologous interactions between RILP fragments in insects. The significantly different interactions in invertebrates shed light on the biodiversity and complexity of lysosomal motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Cui
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shupei Ai
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Yi
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar R, Francis V, Ioannou MS, Aguila A, Khan M, Banks E, Kulasekaran G, McPherson PS. DENND2B activates Rab35 at the intercellular bridge, regulating cytokinetic abscission and tetraploidy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112795. [PMID: 37454296 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis relies on membrane trafficking pathways regulated by Rabs and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). During cytokinesis, the intercellular cytokinetic bridge (ICB) connecting daughter cells undergoes abscission, which requires actin depolymerization. Rab35 recruits MICAL1 to oxidize and depolymerize actin filaments. We show that DENND2B, a protein linked to cancer and congenital disorders, functions as a Rab35 GEF, recruiting and activating Rab35 at the ICB. DENND2B's N-terminal region also interacts with an active form of Rab35, suggesting that DENND2B is both a Rab35 GEF and effector. Knockdown of DENND2B delays abscission, leading to multinucleated cells and filamentous actin (F-actin) accumulation at the ICB, impairing recruitment of ESCRT-III at the abscission site. Additionally, F-actin accumulation triggers the formation of a chromatin bridge, activating the NoCut/abscission checkpoint, and DENND2B knockdown activates Aurora B kinase, a hallmark of checkpoint activation. Thus, our study identifies DENND2B as a crucial player in cytokinetic abscission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguila
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maleeha Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ahumada-Marchant C, Ancatén-Gonzalez C, Haensgen H, Arancibia F, Brauer B, Droste R, Horvitz HR, Constantine-Paton M, Arriagada G, Chávez AE, Bustos FJ. Deletion of VPS50 protein in mice brain impairs synaptic function and behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.04.547745. [PMID: 37461727 PMCID: PMC10349947 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.04.547745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
VPS50, is an accessory protein, involved in the synaptic and dense core vesicle acidification and its alterations produce behavioral changes in C.elegans. Here, we produce the mosaic knock out (mKO) of VPS50 using CRISPR/Cas9 system in both cortical cultured neurons and whole animals to evaluate the effect of VPS50 in regulating mammalian brain function and behavior. While mKO of VPS50 does not change the number of synaptic vesicles, it produces a mislocalization of the V-ATPase pump that likely impact in vesicle acidification and vesicle content to impair synaptic and neuronal activity in cultured neurons. In mice, mKO of VPS50 in the hippocampus, alter synaptic transmission and plasticity, and generated robust cognitive impairments associate to memory formation. We propose that VPS50 is an accessory protein that aids the correct recruitment of the V-ATPase pump to synaptic vesicles, thus having a crucial role controlling synaptic vesicle acidification and hence synaptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Ahumada-Marchant
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Ancatén-Gonzalez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Henny Haensgen
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arancibia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastian Brauer
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rita Droste
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Gloria Arriagada
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fernando J Bustos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Szinyákovics J, Keresztes F, Kiss EA, Falcsik G, Vellai T, Kovács T. Potent New Targets for Autophagy Enhancement to Delay Neuronal Ageing. Cells 2023; 12:1753. [PMID: 37443788 PMCID: PMC10341134 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradation process of eukaryotic cells responsible for breaking down unnecessary and damaged intracellular components. Autophagic activity gradually declines with age due to genetic control, and this change contributes to the accumulation of cellular damage at advanced ages, thereby causing cells to lose their functionality and viability. This could be particularly problematic in post-mitotic cells including neurons, the mass destruction of which leads to various neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we aim to uncover new regulatory points where autophagy could be specifically activated and test these potential drug targets in neurodegenerative disease models of Drosophila melanogaster. One possible way to activate autophagy is by enhancing autophagosome-lysosome fusion that creates the autolysosome in which the enzymatic degradation happens. The HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) and SNARE (Snap receptor) protein complexes regulate the fusion process. The HOPS complex forms a bridge between the lysosome and autophagosome with the assistance of small GTPase proteins. Thus, small GTPases are essential for autolysosome maturation, and among these proteins, Rab2 (Ras-associated binding 2), Rab7, and Arl8 (Arf-like 8) are required to degrade the autophagic cargo. For our experiments, we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Nerve-specific small GTPases were silenced and overexpressed. We examined the effects of these genetic interventions on lifespan, climbing ability, and autophagy. Finally, we also studied the activation of small GTPases in a Parkinson's disease model. Our results revealed that GTP-locked, constitutively active Rab2 (Rab2-CA) and Arl8 (Arl8-CA) expression reduces the levels of the autophagic substrate p62/Ref(2)P in neurons, extends lifespan, and improves the climbing ability of animals during ageing. However, Rab7-CA expression dramatically shortens lifespan and inhibits autophagy. Rab2-CA expression also increases lifespan in a Parkinson's disease model fly strain overexpressing human mutant (A53T) α-synuclein protein. Data provided by this study suggests that Rab2 and Arl8 serve as potential targets for autophagy enhancement in the Drosophila nervous system. In the future, it might be interesting to assess the effect of Rab2 and Arl8 coactivation on autophagy, and it would also be worthwhile to validate these findings in a mammalian model and human cell lines. Molecules that specifically inhibit Rab2 or Arl8 serve as potent drug candidates to modulate the activity of the autophagic process in treating neurodegenerative pathologies. In the future, it would be reasonable to investigate which GAP enzyme can inhibit Rab2 or Arl8 specifically, but not affect Rab7, with similar medical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janka Szinyákovics
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Genetic Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Keresztes
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Anna Kiss
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Falcsik
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Genetic Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shelke GV, Williamson CD, Jarnik M, Bonifacino JS. Inhibition of endolysosome fusion increases exosome secretion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209084. [PMID: 37213076 PMCID: PMC10202829 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted from cells to dispose of undegraded materials and mediate intercellular communication. A major source of exosomes is intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes that undergo exocytic fusion with the plasma membrane. An alternative fate of multivesicular endosomes is fusion with lysosomes, resulting in degradation of the intraluminal vesicles. The factors that determine whether multivesicular endosomes fuse with the plasma membrane or with lysosomes are unknown. In this study, we show that impairment of endolysosomal fusion by disruption of a pathway involving the BLOC-one-related complex (BORC), the small GTPase ARL8, and the tethering factor HOPS increases exosome secretion by preventing the delivery of intraluminal vesicles to lysosomes. These findings demonstrate that endolysosomal fusion is a critical determinant of the amount of exosome secretion and suggest that suppression of the BORC-ARL8-HOPS pathway could be used to boost exosome yields in biotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Y, Dong Q, Geng Y, Ma C, Shao Q. Dynamic Regulation of Lipid Droplet Biogenesis in Plant Cells and Proteins Involved in the Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087476. [PMID: 37108639 PMCID: PMC10138601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous, dynamic organelles found in almost all organisms, including animals, protists, plants and prokaryotes. The cell biology of LDs, especially biogenesis, has attracted increasing attention in recent decades because of their important role in cellular lipid metabolism and other newly identified processes. Emerging evidence suggests that LD biogenesis is a highly coordinated and stepwise process in animals and yeasts, occurring at specific sites of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are defined by both evolutionarily conserved and organism- and cell type-specific LD lipids and proteins. In plants, understanding of the mechanistic details of LD formation is elusive as many questions remain. In some ways LD biogenesis differs between plants and animals. Several homologous proteins involved in the regulation of animal LD formation in plants have been identified. We try to describe how these proteins are synthesized, transported to the ER and specifically targeted to LD, and how these proteins participate in the regulation of LD biogenesis. Here, we review current work on the molecular processes that control LD formation in plant cells and highlight the proteins that govern this process, hoping to provide useful clues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qingdi Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yuhu Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang S, Liu Y, Li S, Chen Y, Liu Y, Yan J, Wu J, Li J, Wang L, Xiang R, Shi Y, Qin X, Yang S. COMMD3-Mediated Endosomal Trafficking of HER2 Inhibits the Progression of Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:199-213. [PMID: 36445330 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulated endocytic traffic of oncogenic receptors, such as the EGFR family especially HER2, contributes to the uncontrolled activation of the downstream oncogenic signaling and progression of various carcinomas, including 90% of ovarian carcinoma. However, the key regulators in the intracellular trafficking of HER2 and their impacts for cancer progression remain largely unknown. In this study, through a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening for key genes affecting the peritoneal disseminated metastasis of ovarian carcinoma, we identified a member of COMMD family, that is, COMMD3, as a key regulator in the endosomal trafficking of HER2. In the patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the expression of COMMD3 is dramatically decreased in the peritoneal disseminated ovarian carcinoma cells comparing with that in the primary ovarian carcinoma cells. COMMD3 greatly inhibits the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HGSOC cells, and dramatically suppresses the tumor growth, the formation of malignant ascites, and the peritoneal dissemination of cancer cells in the orthotopic murine model of HGSOC. Further transcriptome analysis reveals that silencing COMMD3 boosts the activation of HER2 downstream signaling. As a component in the Retriever-associated COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 complex responsible for the recognition and recycling of membrane receptors, COMMD3 physically interacts with HER2 for directing it to the slow recycling pathway, leading to the attenuated downstream tumor-promoting signaling. IMPLICATIONS Collectively, this study reveals a novel HER2 inactivation mechanism with a high value for the clinic diagnosis of new ovarian carcinoma types and the design of new therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Wang
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Li
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yan
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Li
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Longlong Wang
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Shi
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou X, Gan G, Sun Y, Ou M, Geng J, Wang J, Yang X, Huang S, Jia D, Xie W, He H. GTPase-activating protein TBC1D5 coordinates with retromer to constrain synaptic growth by inhibiting BMP signaling. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:163-177. [PMID: 36473687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formation and plasticity of neural circuits rely on precise regulation of synaptic growth. At Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ), Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling is critical for many aspects of synapse formation and function. The evolutionarily conserved retromer complex and its associated GTPase-activating protein TBC1D5 are critical regulators of membrane trafficking and cellular signaling. However, their functions in regulating the formation of NMJ are less understood. Here, we report that TBC1D5 is required for inhibition of synaptic growth, and loss of TBC1D5 leads to abnormal presynaptic terminal development, including excessive satellite boutons and branch formation. Ultrastructure analysis reveals that the size of synaptic vesicles and the density of subsynaptic reticulum are increased in TBC1D5 mutant boutons. Disruption of interactions of TBC1D5 with Rab7 and retromer phenocopies the loss of TBC1D5. Unexpectedly, we find that TBC1D5 is functionally linked to Rab6, in addition to Rab7, to regulate synaptic growth. Mechanistically, we show that loss of TBC1D5 leads to upregulated BMP signaling by increasing the protein level of BMP type II receptor Wishful Thinking (Wit) at NMJ. Overall, our data establish that TBC1D5 in coordination with retromer constrains synaptic growth by regulating Rab7 activity, which negatively regulates BMP signaling through inhibiting Wit level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guangming Gan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease (MOE), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yichen Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Mengzhu Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Junhua Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease (MOE), School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Haihuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Y, Wang W, Lim HY. Drosophila transmembrane protein 214 (dTMEM214) regulates midgut glucose uptake and systemic glucose homeostasis. Dev Biol 2023; 495:92-103. [PMID: 36657508 PMCID: PMC9905329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The availability of glucose transporter in the small intestine critically determines the capacity for glucose uptake and consequently systemic glucose homeostasis. Hence a better understanding of the physiological regulation of intestinal glucose transporter is pertinent. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (SGLT1), the primary glucose transporter in the small intestine, remain incompletely understood. Recently, the Drosophila SLC5A5 (dSLC5A5) has been found to exhibit properties consistent with a dietary glucose transporter in the Drosophila midgut, the equivalence of the mammalian small intestine. Hence, the fly midgut could serve as a suitable model system for the study of the in vivo molecular underpinnings of SGLT1 function. Here, we report the identification, through a genetic screen, of Drosophila transmembrane protein 214 (dTMEM214) that acts in the midgut enterocytes to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis and glucose uptake. We show that dTMEM214 resides in the apical membrane and cytoplasm of the midgut enterocytes, and that the proper subcellular distribution of dTMEM214 in the enterocytes is regulated by the Rab4 GTPase. As a corollary, Rab4 loss-of-function phenocopies dTMEM214 loss-of-function in the midgut as shown by a decrease in enterocyte glucose uptake and an alteration in systemic glucose homeostasis. We further show that dTMEM214 regulates the apical membrane localization of dSLC5A5 in the enterocytes, thereby revealing dTMEM214 as a molecular regulator of glucose transporter in the midgut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schleinitz A, Pöttgen LA, Keren-Kaplan T, Pu J, Saftig P, Bonifacino JS, Haas A, Jeschke A. Consecutive functions of small GTPases guide HOPS-mediated tethering of late endosomes and lysosomes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111969. [PMID: 36640308 PMCID: PMC10018218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transfer of endocytosed cargoes to lysosomes (LYSs) requires HOPS, a multiprotein complex that tethers late endosomes (LEs) to LYSs before fusion. Many proteins interact with HOPS on LEs/LYSs. However, it is not clear whether these HOPS interactors localize to LEs or LYSs or how they participate in tethering. Here, we biochemically characterized endosomes purified from untreated or experimentally manipulated cells to put HOPS and interacting proteins in order and to establish their functional interdependence. Our results assign Rab2a and Rab7 to LEs and Arl8 and BORC to LYSs and show that HOPS drives LE-LYS fusion by bridging late endosomal Rab2a with lysosomal BORC-anchored Arl8. We further show that Rab7 is absent from sites of HOPS-dependent tethering but promotes fusion by moving LEs toward LYSs via dynein. Thus, our study identifies the topology of the machinery for LE-LYS tethering and elucidates the role of different small GTPases in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Pu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism, Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Albert Haas
- Cell Biology Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Jeschke
- Cell Biology Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang D, Xiao F, Li J, Wang S, Fan X, Ni Q, Li Y, Zhang M, Yan T, Yang M, He Z. Age-related ceRNA networks in adult Drosophila ageing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1096902. [PMID: 36926584 PMCID: PMC10012872 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1096902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As Drosophila is an extensively used genetic model system, understanding of its regulatory networks has great significance in revealing the genetic mechanisms of ageing and human diseases. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-mediated regulation is an important mechanism by which circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate ageing and age-related diseases. However, extensive analyses of the multiomics (circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA) characteristics of adult Drosophila during ageing have not been reported. Here, differentially expressed circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) between 7 and 42-day-old flies were screened and identified. Then, the differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs between the 7- and 42-day old flies were analysed to identify age-related circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks in ageing Drosophila. Several key ceRNA networks were identified, such as the dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-289-5p/CG31064, dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-289-5p/frizzled, dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl, and XLOC_027736/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl XLOC_189909/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl networks. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to verify the expression level of those genes. Those results suggest that the discovery of these ceRNA networks in ageing adult Drosophila provide new information for research on human ageing and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyong Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fernandez-de Céspedes MV, Hoffman HK, Carter H, Simons LM, Naing L, Ablan SD, Scheiblin DA, Hultquist JF, van Engelenburg SB, Freed EO. Rab11-FIP1C Is Dispensable for HIV-1 Replication in Primary CD4 + T Cells, but Its Role Is Cell Type Dependent in Immortalized Human T-Cell Lines. J Virol 2022; 96:e0087622. [PMID: 36354340 PMCID: PMC9749476 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00876-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) contains a long cytoplasmic tail harboring highly conserved motifs that direct Env trafficking and incorporation into virions and promote efficient virus spread. The cellular trafficking factor Rab11a family interacting protein 1C (FIP1C) has been implicated in the directed trafficking of Env to sites of viral assembly. In this study, we confirm that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of FIP1C in HeLa cells modestly reduces Env incorporation into virions. To determine whether FIP1C is required for Env incorporation and HIV-1 replication in physiologically relevant cells, CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to knock out the expression of this protein in several human T-cell lines-Jurkat E6.1, SupT1, and H9-and in primary human CD4+ T cells. FIP1C knockout caused modest reductions in Env incorporation in SupT1 cells but did not inhibit virus replication in SupT1 or Jurkat E6.1 T cells. In H9 cells, FIP1C knockout caused a cell density-dependent defect in virus replication. In primary CD4+ T cells, FIP1C knockout had no effect on HIV-1 replication. Furthermore, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-transformed cell lines that are permissive for HIV-1 replication do not express FIP1C. Mutation of an aromatic motif in the Env cytoplasmic tail (Y795W) implicated in FIP1C-mediated Env incorporation impaired virus replication independently of FIP1C expression in SupT1, Jurkat E6.1, H9, and primary T cells. Together, these results indicate that while FIP1C may contribute to HIV-1 Env incorporation in some contexts, additional and potentially redundant host factors are likely required for Env incorporation and virus dissemination in T cells. IMPORTANCE The incorporation of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, into virus particles is critical for virus infectivity. gp41 contains a long cytoplasmic tail that has been proposed to interact with host cell factors, including the trafficking factor Rab11a family interacting protein 1C (FIP1C). To investigate the role of FIP1C in relevant cell types-human T-cell lines and primary CD4+ T cells-we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out FIP1C expression and examined the effect on HIV-1 Env incorporation and virus replication. We observed that in two of the T-cell lines examined (Jurkat E6.1 and SupT1) and in primary CD4+ T cells, FIP1C knockout did not disrupt HIV-1 replication, whereas FIP1C knockout reduced Env expression and delayed replication in H9 cells. The results indicate that while FIP1C may contribute to Env incorporation in some cell lines, it is not an essential factor for efficient HIV-1 replication in primary CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah Carter
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lacy M. Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lwar Naing
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sherimay D. Ablan
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David A. Scheiblin
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Judd F. Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Eric O. Freed
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
McEwan DG, Ryan KM. ATG2 and VPS13 proteins: molecular highways transporting lipids to drive membrane expansion and organelle communication. FEBS J 2022; 289:7113-7127. [PMID: 34783437 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Communication between organelles is an essential process that helps maintain cellular homeostasis and organelle contact sites have recently emerged as crucial mediators of this communication. The emergence of a class of molecular bridges that span the inter-organelle gaps has now been shown to direct the flow of lipid traffic from one lipid bilayer to another. One of the key components of these molecular bridges is the presence of an N-terminal Chorein/VPS13 domain. This is an evolutionarily conserved domain present in multiple proteins within the endocytic and autophagy trafficking pathways. Herein, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of this class of proteins, focusing on the role of these lipid transporters in the autophagy and endocytic pathways. We discuss the recent biochemical and structural advances that have highlighted the essential role Chorein-N domain containing ATG2 proteins play in driving the formation of the autophagosome and how lipids are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the growing phagophore. We also consider the VPS13 proteins, their role in organelle contacts and the endocytic pathway and highlight how disease-causing mutations disrupt these contact sites. Finally, we open the door to discuss other Chorein_N domain containing proteins, for instance, UHRF1BP1/1L, their role in disease and look towards prokaryote examples of Chorein_N-like domains. Taken together, recent advances have highlighted an exciting opportunity to delve deeper into inter-organelle communication and understand how lipids are transported between membrane bilayers and how this process is disrupted in multiple diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ge S, Zhang RX, Wang YF, Sun P, Chu J, Li J, Sun P, Wang J, Hetherington AM, Liang YK. The Arabidopsis Rab protein RABC1 affects stomatal development by regulating lipid droplet dynamics. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4274-4292. [PMID: 35929087 PMCID: PMC9614440 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that serve as hubs of cellular lipid and energy metabolism in virtually all organisms. Mobilization of LDs is important in light-induced stomatal opening. However, whether and how LDs are involved in stomatal development remains unknown. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana LIPID DROPLETS AND STOMATA 1 (LDS1)/RABC1 (At1g43890) encodes a member of the Rab GTPase family that is involved in regulating LD dynamics and stomatal morphogenesis. The expression of RABC1 is coordinated with the different phases of stomatal development. RABC1 targets to the surface of LDs in response to oleic acid application in a RABC1GEF1-dependent manner. RABC1 physically interacts with SEIPIN2/3, two orthologues of mammalian seipin, which function in the formation of LDs. Disruption of RABC1, RABC1GEF1, or SEIPIN2/3 resulted in aberrantly large LDs, severe defects in guard cell vacuole morphology, and stomatal function. In conclusion, these findings reveal an aspect of LD function and uncover a role for lipid metabolism in stomatal development in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaheng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
O’Brien CE, Younger SH, Jan LY, Jan YN. The GARP complex prevents sterol accumulation at the trans-Golgi network during dendrite remodeling. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 222:213548. [PMID: 36239632 PMCID: PMC9577387 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for sculpting neuronal morphology. The GARP and EARP complexes are conserved tethers that regulate vesicle trafficking in the secretory and endolysosomal pathways, respectively. Both complexes contain the Vps51, Vps52, and Vps53 proteins, and a complex-specific protein: Vps54 in GARP and Vps50 in EARP. In Drosophila, we find that both complexes are required for dendrite morphogenesis during developmental remodeling of multidendritic class IV da (c4da) neurons. Having found that sterol accumulates at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in Vps54KO/KO neurons, we investigated genes that regulate sterols and related lipids at the TGN. Overexpression of oxysterol binding protein (Osbp) or knockdown of the PI4K four wheel drive (fwd) exacerbates the Vps54KO/KO phenotype, whereas eliminating one allele of Osbp rescues it, suggesting that excess sterol accumulation at the TGN is, in part, responsible for inhibiting dendrite regrowth. These findings distinguish the GARP and EARP complexes in neurodevelopment and implicate vesicle trafficking and lipid transfer pathways in dendrite morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. O’Brien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susan H. Younger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang PH, Yang TY, Yeh CW, Huang SM, Chang HC, Hung YF, Chu WC, Cho KH, Lu TP, Kuo PH, Lee LJ, Kuo LW, Lien CC, Cheng HJ. Involvement of a BH3-only apoptosis sensitizer gene Blm-s in hippocampus-mediated mood control. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:411. [PMID: 36163151 PMCID: PMC9512807 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are an important public health issue and recent advances in genomic studies have indicated that molecules involved in neurodevelopment are causally related to mood disorders. BLM-s (BCL-2-like molecule, small transcript isoform), a BH3-only proapoptotic BCL-2 family member, mediates apoptosis of postmitotic immature neurons during embryonic cortical development, but its role in the adult brain is unknown. To better understand the physiological role of Blm-s gene in vivo, we generated a Blm-s-knockout (Blm-s-/-) mouse. The Blm-s-/- mice breed normally and exhibit grossly normal development. However, global depletion of Blm-s is highly associated with depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in adult mutant mice with intact learning and memory capacity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of adult Blm-s-/- mice reveals reduced connectivity mainly in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of the hippocampus with no alteration in the dorsal DG connectivity and in total hippocampal volume. At the cellular level, BLM-s is expressed in DG granule cells (GCs), and Blm-s-/- mice show reduced dendritic complexity and decreased spine density in mature GCs. Electrophysiology study uncovers that mature vGCs in adult Blm-s-/- DG are intrinsically more excitable. Interestingly, certain genetic variants of the human Blm homologue gene (VPS50) are significantly associated with depression traits from publicly resourced UK Biobank data. Taken together, BLM-s is required for the hippocampal mood control function. Loss of BLM-s causes abnormality in the electrophysiology and morphology of GCs and a disrupted vDG neural network, which could underlie Blm-s-null-associated anxiety and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 100, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Yeh
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 112, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ching Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 115, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fen Hung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 115, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chia Chu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Cho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 350, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 112, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 112, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-Jong Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 115, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hancock-Cerutti W, Wu Z, Xu P, Yadavalli N, Leonzino M, Tharkeshwar AK, Ferguson SM, Shadel GS, De Camilli P. ER-lysosome lipid transfer protein VPS13C/PARK23 prevents aberrant mtDNA-dependent STING signaling. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202106046. [PMID: 35657605 PMCID: PMC9170524 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in VPS13C cause early-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established that VPS13C encodes a lipid transfer protein localized to contact sites between the ER and late endosomes/lysosomes. In the current study, we demonstrate that depleting VPS13C in HeLa cells causes an accumulation of lysosomes with an altered lipid profile, including an accumulation of di-22:6-BMP, a biomarker of the PD-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation. In addition, the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway, which was recently implicated in PD pathogenesis, is activated in these cells. This activation results from a combination of elevated mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol and a defect in the degradation of activated STING, a lysosome-dependent process. These results suggest a link between ER-lysosome lipid transfer and innate immune activation in a model human cell line and place VPS13C in pathways relevant to PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Hancock-Cerutti
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- MD/PhD Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Narayana Yadavalli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Marianna Leonzino
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Shawn M. Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Larocque G, Royle SJ. Integrating intracellular nanovesicles into integrin trafficking pathways and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:335. [PMID: 35657500 PMCID: PMC9166830 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane traffic controls the movement of proteins and lipids from one cellular compartment to another using a system of transport vesicles. Intracellular nanovesicles (INVs) are a newly described class of transport vesicles. These vesicles are small, carry diverse cargo, and are involved in multiple trafficking steps including anterograde traffic and endosomal recycling. An example of a biological process that they control is cell migration and invasion, due to their role in integrin recycling. In this review, we describe what is known so far about these vesicles. We discuss how INVs may integrate into established membrane trafficking pathways using integrin recycling as an example. We speculate where in the cell INVs have the potential to operate and we identify key questions for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Identification of Cellular Genes Involved in Baculovirus GP64 Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane. J Virol 2022; 96:e0021522. [PMID: 35608346 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00215-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus envelope protein GP64 is an essential component of the budded virus and is necessary for efficient virion assembly. Little is known regarding intracellular trafficking of GP64 to the plasma membrane, where it is incorporated into budding virions during egress. To identify host proteins and potential cellular trafficking pathways that are involved in delivery of GP64 to the plasma membrane, we developed and characterized a stable Drosophila cell line that inducibly expresses the AcMNPV GP64 protein and used that cell line in combination with a targeted RNA interference (RNAi) screen of vesicular protein trafficking pathway genes. Of the 37 initial hits from the screen, we validated and examined six host genes that were important for trafficking of GP64 to the cell surface. Validated hits included Rab GTPases Rab1 and Rab4, Clathrin heavy chain, clathrin adaptor protein genes AP-1-2β and AP-2μ, and Snap29. Two gene knockdowns (Rab5 and Exo84) caused substantial increases (up to 2.5-fold) of GP64 on the plasma membrane. We found that a small amount of GP64 is released from cells in exosomes and that some portion of cell surface GP64 is endocytosed, suggesting that recycling helps to maintain GP64 at the cell surface. IMPORTANCE While much is known regarding trafficking of viral envelope proteins in mammalian cells, little is known about this process in insect cells. To begin to understand which factors and pathways are needed for trafficking of insect virus envelope proteins, we engineered a Drosophila melanogaster cell line and implemented an RNAi screen to identify cellular proteins that aid transport of the model baculovirus envelope protein (GP64) to the cell surface. For this we developed an experimental system that leverages the large array of tools available for Drosophila and performed a targeted RNAi screen to identify cellular proteins involved in GP64 trafficking to the cell surface. Since viral envelope proteins are often critical for production of infectious progeny virions, these studies lay the foundation for understanding how either pathogenic insect viruses (baculoviruses) or insect-vectored viruses (e.g., flaviviruses, alphaviruses) egress from cells in tissues such as the midgut to enable systemic virus infection.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang T, Jin MJ, Li LK. The GTP-Bound form of Rab3D Promotes Lipid Droplet Growth in Adipocyte. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
40
|
Early Endosomal Vps34-Derived Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate Is Indispensable for the Biogenesis of the Endosomal Recycling Compartment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060962. [PMID: 35326413 PMCID: PMC8946653 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), a major identity tag of early endosomes (EEs), provides a platform for the recruitment of numerous cellular proteins containing an FYVE or PX domain that is required for PI3P-dependent maturation of EEs. Most of the PI3P in EEs is generated by the activity of Vps34, a catalytic component of class III phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate kinase (PI3Ks) complex. In this study, we analyzed the role of Vps34-derived PI3P in the EE recycling circuit of unperturbed cells using VPS34-IN1 (IN1), a highly specific inhibitor of Vps34. IN1-mediated PI3P depletion resulted in the rapid dissociation of recombinant FYVE- and PX-containing PI3P-binding modules and endogenous PI3P-binding proteins, including EEA1 and EE sorting nexins. IN1 treatment triggered the rapid restructuring of EEs into a PI3P-independent functional configuration, and after IN1 washout, EEs were rapidly restored to a PI3P-dependent functional configuration. Analysis of the PI3P-independent configuration showed that the Vps34-derived PI3P is not essential for the pre-EE-associated functions and the fast recycling loop of the EE recycling circuit but contributes to EE maturation toward the degradation circuit, as previously shown in Vps34 knockout and knockdown studies. However, our study shows that Vps34-derived PI3P is also essential for the establishment of the Rab11a-dependent pathway, including recycling cargo sorting in this pathway and membrane flux from EEs to the pericentriolar endosomal recycling compartment (ERC). Rab11a endosomes of PI3P-depleted cells expanded and vacuolized outside the pericentriolar area without the acquisition of internalized transferrin (Tf). These endosomes had high levels of FIP5 and low levels of FIP3, suggesting that their maturation was arrested before the acquisition of FIP3. Consequently, Tf-loaded-, Rab11a/FIP5-, and Rab8a-positive endosomes disappeared from the pericentriolar area, implying that PI3P-associated functions are essential for ERC biogenesis. ERC loss was rapidly reversed after IN1 washout, which coincided with the restoration of FIP3 recruitment to Rab11a-positive endosomes and their dynein-dependent migration to the cell center. Thus, our study shows that Vps34-derived PI3P is indispensable in the recycling circuit to maintain the slow recycling pathway and biogenesis of the ERC.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kumar R, Francis V, Kulasekaran G, Khan M, Armstrong GAB, McPherson PS. A cell-based GEF assay reveals new substrates for DENN domains and a role for DENND2B in primary ciliogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3088. [PMID: 35196081 PMCID: PMC8865772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory antennae crucial for cell and organism development, and defects in their biogenesis cause ciliopathies. Ciliogenesis involves membrane trafficking mediated by small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) including Rabs, molecular switches activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The largest family of Rab GEFs is the DENN domain-bearing proteins. Here, we screen all 60 Rabs against two major DENN domain families using a cellular GEF assay, uncovering 19 novel DENN/Rab pairs. The screen reveals Rab10 as a substrate for DENND2B, a protein previously implicated in cancer and severe mental retardation. Through activation of Rab10, DENND2B represses the formation of primary cilia. Through a second pathway, DENND2B functions as a GEF for RhoA to control the length of primary cilia. This work thus identifies an unexpected diversity in DENN domain-mediated activation of Rabs, a previously unidentified non-Rab substrate for a DENN domain, and a new regulatory protein in primary ciliogenesis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Li T, Guo Y. ADP-Ribosylation Factor Family of Small GTP-Binding Proteins: Their Membrane Recruitment, Activation, Crosstalk and Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:813353. [PMID: 35186926 PMCID: PMC8850633 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.813353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family of guanine-nucleotide binding proteins play critical roles in various cellular processes, especially in regulating the secretory, and endocytic pathways. The fidelity of intracellular vesicular trafficking depends on proper activations and precise subcellular distributions of ARF family proteins regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Here we review recent progress in understanding the membrane recruitment, activation, crosstalk, and functions of ARF family proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yusong Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Camelo C, Körte A, Jacobs T, Luschnig S. Tracheal tube fusion in Drosophila involves release of extracellular vesicles from multivesicular bodies. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274235. [PMID: 35019140 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise diverse types of cell-released membranous structures that are thought to play important roles in intercellular communication. While the formation and functions of EVs have been investigated extensively in cultured cells, studies of EVs in vivo have remained scarce. We report here that EVs are present in the developing lumen of tracheal tubes in Drosophila embryos. We defined two distinct EV subpopulations, one of which contains the Munc13-4 homologue Staccato (Stac) and is spatially and temporally associated with tracheal tube fusion (anastomosis) events. The formation of Stac-positive luminal EVs depends on the tracheal tip-cell-specific GTPase Arl3, which is also required for the formation of Stac-positive multivesicular bodies, suggesting that Stac-EVs derive from fusion of Stac-MVBs with the luminal membrane in tip cells during anastomosis formation. The GTPases Rab27 and Rab35 cooperate downstream of Arl3 to promote Stac-MVB formation and tube fusion. We propose that Stac-MVBs act as membrane reservoirs that facilitate tracheal lumen fusion in a process regulated by Arl3, Rab27, Rab35, and Stac/Munc13-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Camelo
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Centre, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Körte
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Centre, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thea Jacobs
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Centre, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Luschnig
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion (CiM) Interfaculty Centre, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
OUP accepted manuscript. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 21:243-269. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
45
|
Rao XS, Cong XX, Gao XK, Shi YP, Shi LJ, Wang JF, Ni CY, He MJ, Xu Y, Yi C, Meng ZX, Liu J, Lin P, Zheng LL, Zhou YT. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17 to promote Rab5-dependent glucose uptake. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3214-3234. [PMID: 34045668 PMCID: PMC8630067 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Whilst exercise stimulated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important energy sensor, has been highlighted for its potential to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the underlying mechanisms for this remain largely unknown. Here we found that AMPK positively regulates the activation of Rab5, a small GTPase which is involved in regulating Glut4 translocation, in both myoblasts and skeletal muscles. We further verified that TBC1D17, identified as a potential interacting partner of Rab5 in our recent study, is a novel GTPase activating protein (GAP) of Rab5. TBC1D17-Rab5 axis regulates transport of Glut1, Glut4, and transferrin receptor. TBC1D17 interacts with Rab5 or AMPK via its TBC domain or N-terminal 1-306 region (N-Ter), respectively. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylates the Ser 168 residue of TBC1D17 which matches the predicted AMPK consensus motif. N-Ter of TBC1D17 acts as an inhibitory region by directly interacting with the TBC domain. Ser168 phosphorylation promotes intra-molecular interaction and therefore enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17. Our findings reveal that TBC1D17 acts as a molecular bridge that links AMPK and Rab5 and delineate a previously unappreciated mechanism by which the activation of TBC/RabGAP is regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sheng Rao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xia Cong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Kui Gao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Pu Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Jing Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yao Ni
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Ming Jie He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pulmonology, the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling Zheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ting Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang CC, Meng GX, Dong ZR, Li T. Role of Rab GTPases in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:1389-1397. [PMID: 34824998 PMCID: PMC8610749 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s336251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rab GTPase family contains almost 70 genes in the human genome and acts as the key regulator of intracellular membrane trafficking in human cells. The dysregulation of Rab GTPase has been shown to be associated with multiple human diseases, ranging from neurodegeneration, and infection to cancer. Rab GTPases not only play important roles in genome replication, morphogenesis and the release of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), but also contribute to hepatitis-related hepatocarcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. The alteration of Rab GTPase expression in HCC plays an important role in tumour cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Notably, the expression of Rab genes can be regulated by some noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs and circRNAs. Thus, Rab GTPases can serve as promising rational and therapeutic targets for HCC treatments. In this review, we summarized recent advancements in this field focusing on Rab GTPases in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Cheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tintos-Hernández JA, Santana A, Keller KN, Ortiz-González XR. Lysosomal dysfunction impairs mitochondrial quality control and is associated with neurodegeneration in TBCK encephaloneuronopathy. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab215. [PMID: 34816123 PMCID: PMC8603245 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic variants in the TBCK gene cause intellectual disability with remarkable clinical variability, ranging from static encephalopathy to progressive neurodegeneration (TBCK-Encephaloneuronopathy). The biological factors underlying variable disease penetrance remain unknown. Since previous studies had suggested aberrant autophagy, we tested whether mitophagy and mitochondrial function are altered in TBCK−/− fibroblasts derived from patients exhibiting variable clinical severity. Our data show significant accumulation of mitophagosomes, reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial DNA content, suggesting impaired mitochondrial quality control. Furthermore, the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction correlates with a neurodegenerative clinical course. Since mitophagy ultimately depends on lysosomal degradation, we also examined lysosomal function. Our data show that lysosomal proteolytic function is significantly reduced in TBCK−/− fibroblasts. Moreover, acidifying lysosomal nanoparticles rescue the mitochondrial respiratory defects in fibroblasts, suggesting impaired mitochondrial quality control secondary to lysosomal dysfunction. Our data provide insight into the disease mechanisms of TBCK Encephaloneuronopathy and the potential relevance of mitochondrial function as a biomarker beyond primary mitochondrial disorders. It also supports the benefit of lysosomal acidification strategies for disorders of impaired lysosomal degradation affecting mitochondrial quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A Tintos-Hernández
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrian Santana
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kierstin N Keller
- Department of Genetics, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
1,2-Dichloroethane induces apoptosis in the cerebral cortexes of NIH Swiss mice through microRNA-182-5p targeting phospholipase D1 via a mitochondria-dependent pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 430:115728. [PMID: 34560092 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is a pervasive environmental pollutant found in ambient and residential air, as well as ground and drinking water. Overexposure to it results in cortex edema, in both animals and humans. 1,2-DCE induces apoptosis in the cerebellum, liver and testes. This promotes the hypothesis that 1,2-DCE may induce apoptosis in the cortex as brain edema progresses. To validate our hypothesis, 40 NIH male mice were exposed to 0, 100, 350, 700 mg/m3 1,2-DCE by whole-body dynamic inhalation for 28 consecutive days. MicroRNA (miRNA) and mRNA microarray combined with TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, flow cytometry, and mitochondrial membrane potential (mtΔΨ) measurement were applied to identify the cortex apoptosis pathways' specific responses to 1,2-DCE, in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that 1,2-DCE caused brain edema and increased apoptosis in the mouse cortexes. We confirmed that 1,2-DCE induced increased apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway, both in vitro and in vivo, as evidenced by increased Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-3, Cytochrome c and Bax expression, and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, mtΔΨ decreased after 1,2-DCE treatment in vitro. 1,2-DCE exposure increased miR-182-5p and decreased phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in the cerebral cortex of mice. MiR-182-5p overexpression and PLD1 inhibition reduced mtΔΨ and increased astrocyte apoptosis, yet miR-182-5p inhibition alleviated the 1,2-DCE-induced PLD1 down-regulation and the increased apoptosis. Finally, PLD1 was confirmed to be a target of miR-182-5p by luciferase assay. Taken together, our findings indicate that 1,2-DCE exposure induces apoptosis in the cortex via a mitochondria-dependent pathway. This pathway is regulated by a miR-182-5p⊣PLD1 axie.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lakatos Z, Benkő P, Juhász G, Lőrincz P. Drosophila Rab39 Attenuates Lysosomal Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910635. [PMID: 34638976 PMCID: PMC8508792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation, the common destination of autophagy and endocytosis, is one of the most important elements of eukaryotic metabolism. The small GTPases Rab39A and B are potential new effectors of this pathway, as their malfunction is implicated in severe human diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration. In this study, the lysosomal regulatory role of the single Drosophila Rab39 ortholog was characterized, providing valuable insight into the potential cell biological mechanisms mediated by these proteins. Using a de novo CRISPR-generated rab39 mutant, we found no failure in the early steps of endocytosis and autophagy. On the contrary, we found that Rab39 mutant nephrocytes internalize and degrade endocytic cargo at a higher rate compared to control cells. In addition, Rab39 mutant fat body cells contain small yet functional autolysosomes without lysosomal fusion defect. Our data identify Drosophila Rab39 as a negative regulator of lysosomal clearance during both endocytosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Lakatos
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Péter Benkő
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.B.)
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.B.)
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (G.J.); (P.L.)
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.L.); (P.B.)
- Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1052 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (G.J.); (P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Deluco B, Wilson HL. Assessment of intestinal macromolecular absorption in young piglets to pave the way to oral vaccination: preliminary results. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:79-91. [PMID: 34559380 PMCID: PMC8461397 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine of the piglet has evolved to be permeable immediately after birth to facilitate the uptake of colostrum-derived immunoglobulins as well as other macromolecules, and cells. However, the precise timing of gut closure in today’s precocious pig is not known. We gavaged piglets immediately after birth and at 1-h after birth with Cy5-labeled Ovalbumin (Cy5-Ova) then harvested their small intestine’s 6–7 h later. To assess localization of Cy5-Ova in the small intestinal epithelial cells, we performed immunohistochemistry using a basolateral surface marker and a recycling endosome marker called pIgR, the late endosomal marker Rab7, and the lysosomal marker LAMP-1. Cy5-Ova co-localized with Rab7 and LAMP-1 in the duodenum and jejunum of 0-h old and 1-h old gavaged piglets, but only in the ileum of 0-h gavaged piglets. These data suggest that movement of Cy5-Ova through the late endosomes to the lysosomes was much reduced in the ileum of 1-h gavaged piglets. Cy5-Ova was largely present in epithelial cell digestive and transport vacuoles, but it did not colocalize with pIgR-positive endosomes in 0-h and 1-h gavaged piglets. Differences in macromolecular uptake across the different regions of the small intestine after only 1-h may be due to prior processing of colostral macromolecules, changes in the intestine due to initiation of colonization by microflora and/or the initiation of gut-closure. Understanding the relationship between the localization of Cy5-Ova and small intestinal permeability may contribute to establishing whether oral vaccination in the newborn can capitalize on the transient permeability before gut closure to promote immune protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brodie Deluco
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|