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Sorcher LK, Silver J, Chad-Friedman E, Carlson GA, Klein DN, Dougherty LR. Early Predictors and Concurrent Correlates of Tonic and Phasic Irritability in Adolescence. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:1105-1117. [PMID: 38478358 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Irritability is a common presenting problem in youth mental health settings that is thought to include two components: tonic (e.g., irritable, touchy mood) and phasic (e.g., temper outbursts), each with unique correlates and outcomes, including later internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. However, we are unaware of any studies of early predictors of tonic and phasic irritability. We utilized data from a longitudinal study of a community sample of 3-year-old children followed to age 15 (n = 444). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of items from several self-report irritability measures at age 15, including the Affective Reactivity Index, the International Personality Item Pool, the Schedule for Non-Adaptive and Adaptive Personality Youth Version, and the Child Depression Inventory, and examined their early childhood predictors. The CFA identified dimensions consistent with tonic and phasic irritability. Tonic irritability at age 15 was uniquely associated with concurrent internalizing disorders and suicidal behavior while phasic irritability was uniquely associated with concurrent externalizing disorders. When adolescent tonic and phasic irritability were examined together, female sex and parental depressive and substance use disorders at age 3 uniquely predicted adolescent tonic irritability. Additionally, male sex, less parental education, greater laboratory-observed anger and impulsivity, ODD symptoms, higher irritability, and no parental substance use history at age 3 uniquely predicted adolescent phasic irritability. Youth-reported tonic and phasic irritability at age 15 appear to be distinguishable constructs with distinct concurrent correlates and early antecedents. Findings have important implications for research on the etiology of irritability and developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K Sorcher
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Jamilah Silver
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Emma Chad-Friedman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lea R Dougherty
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Kozlowska K, Scher S. Recent advances in understanding the neurobiology of pediatric functional neurological disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:497-516. [PMID: 38591353 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2333390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that manifests in a broad array of functional motor, sensory, or cognitive symptoms, which arise from complex interactions between brain, mind, body, and context. Children with FND make up 10%-20% of presentations to neurology services in children's hospitals and up to 20% of adolescents admitted to hospital for the management of intractable seizures. AREAS COVERED The current review focuses on the neurobiology of pediatric FND. The authors present an overview of the small but growing body of research pertaining to the biological, emotion-processing, cognitive, mental health, physical health, and social system levels. EXPERT OPINION Emerging research suggests that pediatric FND is underpinned by aberrant changes within and between neuron-glial (brain) networks, with a variety of factors - on multiple system levels - contributing to brain network changes. In pediatric practice, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are commonly reported, and activation or dysregulation of stress-system components is a frequent finding. Our growing understanding of the neurobiology of pediatric FND has yielded important flow-on effects for assessing and diagnosing FND, for developing targeted treatment interventions, and for improving the treatment outcomes of children and adolescents with FND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Kozlowska
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Scher
- University of Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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Yano-Nashimoto S, Truzzi A, Shinozuka K, Murayama AY, Kurachi T, Moriya-Ito K, Tokuno H, Miyazawa E, Esposito G, Okano H, Nakamura K, Saito A, Kuroda KO. Anxious about rejection, avoidant of neglect: Infant marmosets tune their attachment based on individual caregiver's parenting style. Commun Biol 2024; 7:212. [PMID: 38378797 PMCID: PMC10879543 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Children's secure attachment with their primary caregivers is crucial for physical, cognitive, and emotional maturation. Yet, the causal links between specific parenting behaviors and infant attachment patterns are not fully understood. Here we report infant attachment in New World monkeys common marmosets, characterized by shared infant care among parents and older siblings and complex vocal communications. By integrating natural variations in parenting styles and subsecond-scale microanalyses of dyadic vocal and physical interactions, we demonstrate that marmoset infants signal their needs through context-dependent call use and selective approaches toward familiar caregivers. The infant attachment behaviors are tuned to each caregiver's parenting style; infants use negative calls when carried by rejecting caregivers and selectively avoid neglectful and rejecting caregivers. Family-deprived infants fail to develop such adaptive uses of attachment behaviors. With these similarities with humans, marmosets offer a promising model for investigating the biological mechanisms of attachment security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yano-Nashimoto
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Anna Truzzi
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Kazutaka Shinozuka
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Planning, Review and Research Institute for Social insurance and Medical program, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Ayako Y Murayama
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Neural Circuit Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Takuma Kurachi
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Keiko Moriya-Ito
- Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tokuno
- Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Eri Miyazawa
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Katsuki Nakamura
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Saito
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.
- Department of Psychology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, Japan.
| | - Kumi O Kuroda
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.
- Kuroda Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.
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Jacobsen SL, Hart S, Anderson-Ingstrup J, Gattino G. Psychometric properties of the Marschak Interaction Method of Psychometrics and the Assessment of Parent-Child Interaction within residential care and non-referred settings. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1296113. [PMID: 38259568 PMCID: PMC10800955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1296113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessment and identification of children with developmental needs and their interaction with primary caregivers are critical for emotional and social development. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a scarcity of valid observation-based tools that guide the work with family communication, which is essential for the child's healthy development. Method The Marschak Interaction Method of Psychometrics (MIM-P) and Assessment of Parent-Child Interaction (APCI) are both interaction and observation-based assessment tool, and they were explored for their validity and reliability in assessing caregiver-child interaction. The study included 30 trained and certified professionals who recruited referred and non-referred caregiver-child dyads over 11 months. Assessment data was collected from 139 caregiver-child dyads for the MIM-P with 278 individuals (100 referred and 178 non-referred) and 129 caregiver-child dyads for the APCI with 257 individuals (95 referred and 162 non-referred). Results The psychometric analyses show that both the MIM-P and APCI presents relevant sources of reliability and validity for assessing caregiver-child interaction including interrater reliability, internal consistency, test re-test reliability as well as concurrent and construct validity. Discussion and conclusion The study highlights the need for observation-based assessment tools within social work and contributes to the understanding of the importance of relationships and interaction in children's emotional and social development. However, further research is needed to explore norms and further strengthen implementation and quality of the tools.
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Haase CM. Emotion Regulation in Couples Across Adulthood. ANNUAL REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 5:399-421. [PMID: 38939362 PMCID: PMC11210602 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-043836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Intimate relationships are hotbeds of emotion. This article presents key findings and current directions in research on couples' emotion regulation across adulthood as a critical context in which older adults not only maintain functioning but may also outshine younger adults. First, I introduce key concepts, defining qualities (i.e., dynamic, coregulatory, bidirectional, bivalent), and measures (i.e., self-report versus performance-based) of couples' emotion regulation. Second, I highlight a socioemotional turn in our understanding of adult development with the advent of socioemotional selectivity theory. Third, I offer a life-span developmental perspective on emotion regulation in couples (i.e., across infancy, adolescence and young adulthood, midlife, and late life). Finally, I present the idea that emotion regulation may shift from "me to us" across adulthood and discuss how emotion regulation in couples may become more important, better, and increasingly consequential (e.g., for relationship outcomes, well-being, and health) with age. Ideas for future research are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Haase
- School of Education and Social Policy and (by courtesy) Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Willemsen Y, Vacaru S, Beijers R, de Weerth C. Are adolescent diet quality and emotional eating predicted by history of maternal caregiving quality and concurrent inhibitory control? Appetite 2023; 190:107020. [PMID: 37678584 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The risk for unhealthy eating behaviour, including poor diet quality and emotional eating, is heightened in adolescence and could result in profound and long-lasting psychological and physical implications. Caregiving quality and adolescents' regulatory skills, such as inhibitory control, may play an essential role in the development of adolescent eating behaviour. This preregistered study investigated whether maternal caregiving throughout the first 14 years of life predicts adolescent diet quality and emotional eating and whether potential associations are mediated by adolescents' inhibitory control. In this low-risk community cohort, maternal caregiving quality was observed at child ages five weeks, 12 months, 2.5, 10, and 14 years. At age 14, diet quality and emotional eating were assessed through self-report. Adolescent inhibitory control was assessed with three behavioural tasks and a maternal report. Mediation analyses were performed with structural equation modelling in R. No evidence was found for links between maternal caregiving quality and adolescent diet quality and emotional eating. Higher levels of adolescent inhibitory control predicted better adolescent diet quality. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to investigate directionality, and replication studies are needed in more representative samples (e.g. including high-risk families). Such studies will shed further light on potential links between the history of caregiving behaviour and adolescent regulatory and eating behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Willemsen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefania Vacaru
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Hamon E, Bourdin B, Le Driant B. Parental representations after preterm birth: a narrative review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1114418. [PMID: 37731868 PMCID: PMC10507618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth accounts for nearly 15 million births annually worldwide and constitutes a considerable risk factor for atypical development. This birth context is a source of stress for the parents and often leads to an early separation between their child and them. Research on the influence of the birth status on the infant's attachment style has shown no systematic link between preterm birth and the development of insecure attachment in children born preterm. This has opened up research perspectives in understanding the role of environmental factors. A literature review was conducted to present an overview of the current findings on parental representations (PR), particularly maternal ones, and their role in the context of preterm birth. PR quality appears to be associated with specific dyadic interaction patterns, thus exposing vulnerability factors. Studies exploring PR have pointed out the importance of considering parental mental elaboration mechanisms and contextual moderators in supporting socio-emotional development among children born preterm. We discussed the challenges of investigating PR in the context of preterm birth for future studies and emphasized the need for research studies to be conducted according to a developmental and non-deterministic perspective. This narrative review also aimed to highlight the importance of family centered care interventions in the context of a public policy focused on the child's "First 1,000 days" of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hamon
- Centre de Recherche en Psychologie: Cognition, Psychisme et Organisations (UR 7273), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- FHU “1000 jours pour la santé” prendre soin avant de soigner, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Béatrice Bourdin
- Centre de Recherche en Psychologie: Cognition, Psychisme et Organisations (UR 7273), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- FHU “1000 jours pour la santé” prendre soin avant de soigner, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Barbara Le Driant
- Centre de Recherche en Psychologie: Cognition, Psychisme et Organisations (UR 7273), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- FHU “1000 jours pour la santé” prendre soin avant de soigner, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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Speranza AM, Liotti M, Spoletini I, Fortunato A. Heterotypic and homotypic continuity in psychopathology: a narrative review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1194249. [PMID: 37397301 PMCID: PMC10307982 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathology is a process: it unfolds over time and involves several different factors. To extend our knowledge of such process, it is vital to understand the trajectories that lead to developing and maintaining a specific disorder. The construct of continuity appears very useful to this aim. It refers to the consistency, similarity, and predictability of behaviors or internal states across different developmental phases. This paper aims to present a narrative review of the literature on homotypic and heterotypic continuity of psychopathology across the lifespan. A detailed search of the published literature was conducted using the PsycINFO Record and Medline (PubMed) databases. Articles were included in the review based on the following criteria: (1) publication dates ranging from January 1970 to October 2022; and (2) articles being written in the English language. To ensure a thorough investigation, multiple combinations of keywords such as "continuity," "psychopathology," "infancy," "childhood," "adolescence," "adulthood," "homotypic," and "heterotypic" were used. Articles were excluded if exclusively focused on epidemiologic data and if not specifically addressing the topic of psychopathology continuity. The literature yielded a total of 36 longitudinal studies and an additional 190 articles, spanning the research published between 1970 and 2022. Studies on continuity focus on the etiology of different forms of mental disorders and may represent a fundamental resource from both a theoretical and clinical perspective. Enhancing our understanding of the different trajectories beneath psychopathology may allow clinicians to implement more effective strategies, focusing both on prevention and intervention. Since literature highlights the importance of early detection of clinical signs of psychopathology, future research should focus more on infancy and pre-scholar age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Speranza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Liotti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Spoletini
- Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandro Fortunato
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Letcher P, Greenwood CJ, Macdonald JA, McIntosh J, Spry EA, Hutchinson D, O'Connor M, Biden EJ, Painter F, Olsson CM, Cleary J, Thomson KC, Olsson CA. Life course psychosocial precursors of parent mental health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A three-decade prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2023:S0165-0327(23)00675-4. [PMID: 37207948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been widespread interest in the implications of COVID-19 containment measures on the mental health of parents. Most of this research has focused on risk. Much less is known about resilience; yet such studies are key to protecting populations during major crises. Here we map precursors of resilience using life course data spanning three decades. METHODS The Australian Temperament Project commenced in 1983 and now follows three generations. Parents (N = 574, 59 % mothers) raising young children completed a COVID-19 specific module in the early (May-September 2020) and/or later (October-December, 2021) phases of the pandemic. Decades prior, parents had been assessed across a broad range of individual, relational and contextual risk and promotive factors during childhood (7-8 years to 11-12 years), adolescence (13-14 years to 17-18 years) and young adulthood (19-20 years to 27-28 years). Regressions examined the extent to which these factors predicted mental health resilience, operationalised as lower than expected anxiety and depressive symptoms during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic symptoms. RESULTS Parent mental health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently predicted by several factors assessed decades before the pandemic. These included lower ratings of internalising difficulties, less difficult temperament/personality traits and stressful life events, and higher ratings of relational health. LIMITATIONS The study included 37-39-year-old Australian parents with children age between 1 and 10 years. DISCUSSION Results identified psychosocial indicators across the early life course that, if replicated, could constitute targets for long-term investment to maximise mental health resilience during future pandemics and crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primrose Letcher
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Greenwood
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer McIntosh
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; La Trobe University, Department of Psychology, The Bouverie Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Spry
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of New South Wales, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebony J Biden
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felicity Painter
- La Trobe University, Department of Psychology, The Bouverie Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joyce Cleary
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly C Thomson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University of British Columbia, Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Bounoua N, Church L, Sadeh N. Development and Initial Validation of the Neglectful Experiences and Deprivation Scale. Assessment 2023; 30:923-938. [PMID: 35120410 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211072906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Socioemotional deprivation, or the absence of developmentally expected social experiences, has been linked to long-lasting health and psychological outcomes. To date, current measures of socioemotional deprivation fail to capture the cumulative impact of neglectful experiences across multiple social relationships and developmental periods. The current study developed and validated the Neglectful Experiences and Deprivation Scale (NEADS) on a sample of 547 stress-exposed adults (M/SDage=27.77/6.54 years old; 56.5% male). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in independent samples revealed a three-factor solution as the best fitting model: Caregiver Deprivation (four items; e.g., abandonment), Peer Deprivation (four items; e.g., physical isolation), Romantic Partner Deprivation (four items; e.g., emotionally unavailable). Indicators of construct validity and internal consistency support the selected three-factor model. Results provide strong preliminary evidence of the validity of the NEADS for assaying the severity, developmental timing, and psychological impact of socioemotional deprivation across the lifespan.
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Schild CE, Meigen C, Kappelt J, Kiess W, Poulain T. Associations between sociodemographic and behavioural parameters and child development depending on age and sex: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065936. [PMID: 36323480 PMCID: PMC9639104 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore environmental and individual factors that are associated with child development and to investigate whether the strength of these associations differs according to the age of the children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING This study was part of the LIFE Child study, a large cohort study conducted in Leipzig, Germany. PARTICIPANTS 778 children aged between 0.5 and 6 years (48.6% girls, mean age=2.67 years). OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes were cognitive development, language development, body and hand motor skills, social-emotional development, and tracing skills, measured with a standardised development test. We analysed the associations between development and gestational age, socioeconomic status (SES), sex, behavioural difficulties, siblings, sleep duration, breastfeeding duration and overweight/obesity. We also tested for interactions between these variables and child age or sex. RESULTS Higher gestational age (b ranging between 0.12 and 0.26) and higher SES (b ranging between 0.08 and 0.21) were associated with better outcomes in almost all developmental domains (all p<0.019). Children with older siblings had improved body and hand motor skills compared with children without older siblings (both b=0.55, all p<0.029). Boys had poorer scores than girls in body and hand motor skills and tracing (b=-0.45, -0.68 and -1.5, all p<0.019). Children with behavioural difficulties had significantly poorer outcomes in most developmental domains. Some of the associations with SES and sex were stronger in older than in younger children. Associations between gestational age and motor development were weaker in older children. We did not find significant associations between child development and sleep duration, breastfeeding duration or overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION Some factors had a protective, others an adverse effect on development of children under 6 years of age. The effect of SES and sex increased, while the effect of gestational age decreased with age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02550236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Elise Schild
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christof Meigen
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Kappelt
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Neither environmental unpredictability nor harshness predict reliance on alloparental care among families in Cebu, Philippines. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:743-754. [PMID: 35074026 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alloparental caregiving is key to humans' highly flexible reproductive strategies. Across species and across societies, alloparental care is more common in harsh and/or unpredictable environments (HUEs). Currently, however, it is unclear whether HUEs predict intra-population variation in alloparental care, or whether early life HUEs might predict later alloparental care use in adulthood, consistent with adaptive developmental plasticity. We test whether harshness measures (socioeconomic status (SES), environmental hygiene, crowding) and unpredictability measures (parental unemployment, paternal absence, household moves) predicted how much alloparental assistance families in Cebu, Philippines received, in a multigenerational study with data collected across four decades. Though worse environmental hygiene predicted more concurrent alloparental care in 1994, we found little evidence that HUEs predict within-population variation in alloparental care in this large-scale, industrialized society. Indeed, less-crowded conditions and higher SES predicted more alloparental care, not less, in the 1980s and in 2014 respectively, while paternal absence in middle childhood predicted less reliance on alloparental care in adulthood. In this cultural context, our results generally do not provide support for the translation of interspecific or intersocietal patterns linking HUEs and alloparental care to intra-population variation in alloparental care, nor for the idea that a reproductive strategy emphasizing alloparental care use may be preceded by early life HUEs.
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13
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O'Donnell AJ, Sánchez B, Grant KE. Latinx adolescents' trust in adults: A precursor to psychological well-being via mentoring relational quality and self-esteem. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:1681-1699. [PMID: 34797918 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test a longitudinal model of trust in adults and psychological well-being among Latinx adolescents, a population that has received little attention in the trust literature. The participants were urban, low-income Latinx (N = 294) students at two urban, Midwestern high schools who indicated they had at least one natural mentor in 9th grade. Participants completed surveys at two-time points, in 9th and 10th grade, and responded to measures of their feelings toward adults, quality of their natural mentoring relationships, self-esteem, intrinsic academic motivation, and coping self-efficacy. More trust in adults was indirectly, but not directly, associated with higher coping self-efficacy via higher mentoring relational quality and self-esteem. Positive expectations of adults may open Latinx youth to closeness in natural mentoring relationships and positive self-perceptions, which may, in turn, bolster coping ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadette Sánchez
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn E Grant
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Ribaudo J. What about the Baby? Infancy and Parenting in the COVID-19 Pandemic. PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY OF THE CHILD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00797308.2021.2001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Deneault AA, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Groh AM, Fearon PRM, Madigan S. Child-father attachment in early childhood and behavior problems: A meta-analysis. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:43-66. [PMID: 34651413 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analytic study examined the associations between child-father attachment in early childhood and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Based on 15 samples (N = 1,304 dyads), the association between child-father attachment insecurity and externalizing behaviors was significant and moderate in magnitude (r = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.27 or d = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.55). No moderators of this association were identified. Based on 12 samples (N = 1,073), the association between child-father attachment insecurity and internalizing behaviors was also significant, albeit smaller in magnitude (r = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15; or d = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.31). Between-study heterogeneity was insufficient to consider moderators. When compared to the effect sizes of prior meta-analyses on child-mother attachment and behavior problems, the quality of the attachment relationship with fathers yields a similar magnitude of associations to children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Results support the need to consider the role of the attachment network, which notably includes attachment relationships to both fathers and mothers, to understand how attachment relationships contribute to child development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley M Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Pasco R M Fearon
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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State Attachment Variability: Between- and within-Person Level Associations with Trait Attachment and Psychological Problems. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101264. [PMID: 34679330 PMCID: PMC8533933 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that inter-individual differences in the degree of state attachment variability are related to differences in trait attachment and psychological problems between children. In this study, we tested whether such associations are also relevant at a within-person level, and if so, whether intra-individual fluctuations in the degree of variability were predictive of or predicted by intra-individual fluctuations in trait attachment and psychological problems. Children (N = 152; Mage = 10.41 years, SDage = 0.60 at time 1) were tested three times over a period of one year. At each timepoint, children reported on their expectations of maternal support in different distressing situations. Additionally, we administered measures of trait attachment to children and psychological problems to children and their mothers. We used Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models to distinguish between-person from within-person associations between these constructs over time. The results revealed that the degree of state attachment variability was mainly relevant to understand differences between children in trait attachment and psychological problems: children who overall showed more state attachment variability were overall less securely attached at a trait-level and reported more psychological problems. Although evidence for within-person associations was less robust, there was some indication that the degree of state attachment variability might be related to the development of trust and psychological problems at a within-person level.
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17
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Waters TEA, Yang R, Finet C, Verhees MWFT, Bosmans G. An empirical test of prototype and revisionist models of attachment stability and change from middle childhood to adolescence: A 6-year longitudinal study. Child Dev 2021; 93:225-236. [PMID: 34549815 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the prototype v. revisionist models of attachment stability with a five-wave, 6-year, longitudinal study of attachment security from middle childhood to adolescence in a White Western European sample (N = 157; Wave 1 Mage = 10.91, SD = 0.87; 52% female). Attachment was assessed using both questionnaire (Experiences in Close Relationships) and narrative-based measures (Attachment Script Assessment). In addition, a set of potential moderators of prototype-like stability were examined. Results indicated that data from both attachment assessments best fit the prototype model. Moderator analyses indicated that male sex significantly undermined the influence of an attachment prototype and parent-child conflict and parental divorce enhanced the influence of an attachment prototype on stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore E A Waters
- Department of Psychology, New York University-Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Psychology, New York University-Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chloë Finet
- Parenting and Special Education Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine W F T Verhees
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Bosmans
- Clinical Psychology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Johansson M, Nordström T, Svensson I. Depressive symptoms, parental stress, and attachment style in mothers and fathers two and a half years after childbirth: Are fathers as affected as mothers? J Child Health Care 2021; 25:368-378. [PMID: 32668953 PMCID: PMC8422774 DOI: 10.1177/1367493520942050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and whether parental stress and attachment style affected depression in mothers and fathers two and a half years after the birth of a child. The parents completed several questionnaires including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire and the Relationship Questionnaire. The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms in mothers was 14.9%, while for fathers it was 11.5%. Differences between the parents identified as depressed and those without depressive symptoms were also analysed. There were no significant differences between depressed and non-depressed parents on the secure, avoidant and fearful attachment styles. However, there was a significant difference between groups on the preoccupied subscale. The final aim was to calculate if attachment style contributed to the level of depression while accounting for the impact of parental stress. Parental stress (incompetence, social isolation and spouse relationship problems) was the best predictor for mothers' depressive symptoms, while parental stress (social isolation and health) and the preoccupied attachment style were the best predictors for such symptoms in fathers. The findings indicated that parental stress and depressive symptoms are closely related and can explain the difficulties parents face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Johansson
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Sweden,Maude Johansson, Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Trummenvägen 11, Växjö 391 51, Sweden.
| | | | - Idor Svensson
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Sweden
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19
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Holbein CE, Plevinsky J, Patel T, Conrad MC, Kelsen JR. Pediatric Global Health in Children with Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:747-756. [PMID: 34313785 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) represent a distinct group of patients with IBD with unique phenotypic and genetic characteristics; however, they are frequently omitted from psychosocial research. This study used a novel, brief measure of pediatric global health to assess (1) overall health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with VEO-IBD, (2) HRQOL compared to healthy children, and (3) whether gastrointestinal symptoms account for the differences in HRQOL between these groups. METHODS Caregivers of 51 children with VEO-IBD (Mage = 4.26 years, 75% male) and 54 healthy children (Mage = 3.50 years, 54% male) completed the PROMIS Pediatric Global Health Scale (PGH-7) parent-proxy form to assess HRQOL and a questionnaire assessing gastrointestinal symptoms. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with covariates (ANCOVA), and meditation analyses with bootstrapping were conducted. RESULTS Caregivers of children with VEO-IBD rated their HRQOL as relatively positive, although children with greater disease yielded lower ratings on some PGH-7 items (e.g., fun with friends, physical health, sadness). Compared to healthy youth, children with VEO-IBD scored lower on the PGH-7, with significantly lower item-level scores on overall health, physical health, mental health, and quality of life. Gastrointestinal symptoms mediated the association between health status (i.e., VEO-IBD vs. healthy) and HRQOL, αβ = -2.84, 95% CI = -5.70, -0.34. CONCLUSIONS While some children with VEO-IBD are at risk for deficits in HRQOL, many are quite resilient. Psychosocial screening is necessary for providing appropriate referrals to behavioral health services and learning more about psychosocial adjustment in children with VEO-IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Holbein
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Jill Plevinsky
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Trusha Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Maire C Conrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Judith R Kelsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
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20
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Zahodne LB. Psychosocial Protective Factors in Cognitive Aging: A Targeted Review. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:1266-1273. [PMID: 34244708 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lack of disease-modifying pharmacological agents for dementia highlights the critical importance of prevention, but known modifiable factors (e.g., education, physical health and health behaviors, depression, and social isolation) do not fully represent potential intervention targets. Positive psychosocial factors predict cognitive aging outcomes above and beyond known risk factors and may also correspond to upstream determinants that open up new avenues for prevention and intervention, as well as for reducing racial/ethnic inequalities in dementia. In this brief report, I summarize contemporary evidence for three positive psychosocial factors that appear to be particularly relevant to cognitive aging: perceived control, religious involvement, and social relations. METHODS Targeted review and synthesis of published studies. RESULTS Each of the multidimensional constructs appears to contain "active ingredients" that could help to optimize cognitive aging through disparate mechanisms. Although historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups face disproportionate barriers to accessing certain psychosocial protective factors (e.g., perceived control), these same groups also exhibit naturally occurring sources of psychosocial resilience (e.g., religious involvement) that allow them to achieve better late-life cognitive health than would be otherwise expected. With regard to social relations, converging evidence from disparate studies shows that fostering late-life friendships in particular may have high potential for building cognitive reserve and promoting healthy cognitive aging. CONCLUSIONS Positive psychosocial factors represent culturally relevant resources that, through careful research, could ultimately be harnessed to promote better cognitive aging for a growing and increasingly diverse population of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Abstract
Limited research has examined precursors/risk factors for adolescent irritability. This study examines continuity of irritability from early childhood to adolescence and identifies antecedents of adolescent irritability. Across self-reports and mother-reports, evidence was found for continuity of irritability. A range of variables assessed at age 3 predicted irritability at age 15. These findings suggest that adolescent irritability is characterized by distinct developmental pathways from age 3 that have potential to result in an irritable phenotype at age 15. Adolescent-reported and mother-reported irritability may be capturing distinct underlying constructs of irritability; both should be considered in assessments of adolescent irritability.
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22
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Nowinski CJ, DeWalt DA, Carter AS, Chacko A, Gross HE, Perrin EM, Krug CW, Holl JL, Gershon RC. Recommendations for Assessment of Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Health for the National Children's Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:624524. [PMID: 34017804 PMCID: PMC8129017 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.624524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Social Emotional Behavioral (SEB) Team of the National Children's Study (NCS) was tasked with making recommendations for assessment of important aspects of social-emotional health and function in children. This paper describes the constructs recommended for assessment along with the rationale for their assessment. These constructs, representing aspects of Social Relationships, Social Capital, Temperament, Negative Affect, Externalizing Behavior, Social Competence, Self-efficacy, Self-image, Psychological well-being, Ethnic/racial Socialization, Perceived Discrimination, Sexual Orientation, Religiosity, and Perceived Stress and Resilience were identified as being critical to the understanding of children's health and development from birth to age 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy J. Nowinski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Darren A. DeWalt
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alice S. Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anil Chacko
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heather E. Gross
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eliana M. Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chelsea Weaver Krug
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jane L. Holl
- Department of Neurology, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard C. Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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Martin AA, Horn AB, Allemand M. Within-Person Associations Between Attachment Security, Need Satisfaction and Psychological Adjustment in Daily Life of Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:56-66. [PMID: 31711236 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about how attachment processes manifest within older adults in daily life and how these processes are associated with daily psychological adjustment. This study examined the within-person associations between states of attachment security and psychological adjustment. It is expected that this association is mediated by higher levels of satisfied needs in daily life. METHODS Microlongitudinal self-report data were collected in a sample of 136 older adults ranged in age from 60 to 90 years (ageM = 70.45 years) across 10 days with daily morning and afternoon measurement occasions. RESULTS Three main findings from multilevel analyses emerged. First, older adults showed significant within-person variation in attachment security, satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and competence, and psychological adjustment over time. Second, attachment security was positively associated with psychological adjustment within individuals. Third, both satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and competence mediated the within-person association between attachment security and psychological adjustment. DISCUSSION The results suggest that attachment security is associated with the experience of autonomy and competence in daily life of older adults which in turn is related with better psychological adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika A Martin
- Department of Psychology and URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B Horn
- Department of Psychology and URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Allemand
- Department of Psychology and URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Peyton C, Sukal Moulton T, Carroll AJ, Anderson E, Brozek A, Davis MM, Horowitz J, Jayaraman A, O'Brien M, Patrick C, Pouppirt N, Villamar J, Xu S, Lieber RL, Wakschlag LS, Krogh-Jespersen S. Starting at Birth: An Integrative, State-of-the-Science Framework for Optimizing Infant Neuromotor Health. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:787196. [PMID: 35141178 PMCID: PMC8820372 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.787196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous conditions and circumstances place infants at risk for poor neuromotor health, yet many are unable to receive treatment until a definitive diagnosis is made, sometimes several years later. In this integrative perspective, we describe an extensive team science effort to develop a transdiagnostic approach to neuromotor health interventions designed to leverage the heightened neuroplasticity of the first year of life. We undertook the following processes: (1) conducted a review of the literature to extract common principles and strategies underlying effective neuromotor health interventions; (2) hosted a series of expert scientific exchange panels to discuss common principles, as well as practical considerations and/or lessons learned from application in the field; and (3) gathered feedback and input from diverse stakeholders including infant caregivers and healthcare providers. The resultant framework was a pragmatic, evidence-based, transdiagnostic approach to optimize neuromotor health for high-risk infants based on four principles: (a) active learning, (b) environmental enrichment, (c) caregiver engagement, and (d) strength-based approaches. In this perspective paper, we delineate these principles and their potential applications. Innovations include: engagement of multiple caregivers as critical drivers of the intervention; promoting neuromotor health in the vulnerability phase, rather than waiting to treat neuromotor disease; integrating best practices from adjacent fields; and employing a strengths-based approach. This framework holds promise for implementation as it is scalable, pragmatic, and holistically addresses both the needs of the infant and their family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Peyton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Theresa Sukal Moulton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Allison J Carroll
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Erica Anderson
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra Brozek
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jessica Horowitz
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Cheryl Patrick
- Division of Rehabilitative Services, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicole Pouppirt
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juan Villamar
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sheila Krogh-Jespersen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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25
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Faugli A, Kufås E, Haukland M, Kallander EK, Ruud T, Weimand BM. 'I have cried a lot': a qualitative study on children experiencing severe parental illness. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:1196-1206. [PMID: 33270266 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable body of research has explored implications of severe parental illness on children. However, less is known about what children and adolescents with a severely ill parent experience as the most challenging. AIMS To describe what children with a severely ill parent experience as their most difficult challenge. METHODS A qualitative descriptive design with a manifest content analysis was used on data from a cross-sectional, multicenter study on children of patients in five Norwegian Health trusts. Data consisted of written textual responds from 238 children (age 8-18) to one open-ended question in a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS The overall theme concerning the children's most difficult challenge was named 'the drama of life unfoldment', reflecting the parental illness' impact on themselves, their relationships with others, and their life circumstances. The subthemes consisted of: Children's experiences of difficult thoughts and feelings; negatively impaired relationship with parents, friends and others; and challenging life events and obstacles in welfare. CONCLUSIONS The most difficult challenge experienced by the children with a severely ill parent implies life unfoldment challenges and include negative personal and relational impact, challenging life events and obstacles in welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Faugli
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Elin Kufås
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Magne Haukland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen K Kallander
- Fafo Institute for Labour and Social Research, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torleif Ruud
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente M Weimand
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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26
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Zohar O, Sher-Censor E, Elata J. A mental health course for developmental allied healthcare professionals: An exploration of potential effectiveness. Infant Ment Health J 2020; 42:233-245. [PMID: 33258501 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effectiveness of a mental health course for developmental allied healthcare professionals (DAHPs) that focused on emotional and relational processes inherent to treatment. We hypothesized that (a) following the course, DAHPs would report increased awareness and sense of competence in dealing with these processes; (b) an increased sense of competence would be associated with decreased burnout; (c) following the course, DAHPs would increase their reading and participation in seminars about emotional processes in therapy; and (d) DAHPs would report the course had positive effects on their work and that they use a more relationship-based treatment approach. Participants were 153 Israeli DAHPs. They reported their attitudes and sense of competence in coping with emotional and relational processes in treatment in three time points: before, upon completion, and at follow-up. At follow-up, participants also reported level of burnout and the extent they made changes in their work. They provided examples of these changes, which were qualitatively analyzed. Study hypotheses were supported. Results suggest participating in a relatively brief mental health course is associated with positive changes in DAHPs' attitudes, sense of competence, and professional approach toward a relationship-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Zohar
- The Interdisciplinary MA and PhD programs in Child Development and the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efrat Sher-Censor
- The Interdisciplinary MA and PhD programs in Child Development and the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Judith Elata
- The Interdisciplinary MA and PhD programs in Child Development and the Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Johansson M, Benderix Y, Svensson I. Mothers' and fathers' lived experiences of postpartum depression and parental stress after childbirth: a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 15:1722564. [PMID: 31990637 PMCID: PMC7034451 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1722564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The study aims are to explore the lived experiences of mothers and fathers of postpartum depression and parental stress after childbirth.Methods: Qualitative interviews conducted, and analysed from an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) perspective.Results: Both mothers and fathers described experiences of inadequacy, although fathers described external requirements, and mothers described internal requirements as the most stressful. Experiences of problems during pregnancy or a traumatic delivery contributed to postpartum depression and anxiety in mothers and affected fathers' well-being. Thus, identifying postpartum depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, mothers described varying experiences of child health care support. Postpartum depression seemed to affect the spouses' relationships, and both mothers and fathers experienced loneliness and spouse relationship problems. Experiences of emotional problems and troubled upbringing in the parents' family of origin may contribute to vulnerability from previous trauma and to long-term depressive symptoms for mothers.Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate the significant impact of postpartum depression and parental stress has in parents' everyday lives and on the spouse relationship. These results support a change from an individual parental focus to couples' transition to parenthood in child health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Johansson
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Ylva Benderix
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Idor Svensson
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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Gregory M, Kannis‐dymand L, Sharman R. A review of attachment‐based parenting interventions: Recent advances and future considerations. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gregory
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia,
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience – Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Lee Kannis‐dymand
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia,
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience – Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Rachael Sharman
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia,
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Weiss-Laxer NS, Crandall A, Okano L, Riley AW. Building a Foundation for Family Health Measurement in National Surveys: A Modified Delphi Expert Process. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:259-266. [PMID: 31912378 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Families are the most proximal and powerful context for the development, promotion, and disruption of health of individuals across the life course. Despite families' critical role in health, U.S. nationally representative health surveys lack comprehensive and standardized assessments of family health and functioning. METHODS To foster research on family health in population surveys, we developed a conceptualization of family health using a modified Delphi process with family health experts. Experts responded online to produce consensus definitions of 'family' and 'family health.' Guided by these definitions, they responded to a survey to create a list of concepts for measurement of family health and ranked the importance and measurability of those concepts. RESULTS We achieved consensus among 15 family health experts on definitions of 'family' and 'family health.' Thirty-one family health concepts were organized into six domains, then ranked by relevance and importance as follows: (1) "Family relationships" and "family social context" tied for first priority, (2) "family member health, (3) "family health-related practices," (4) "family health resources," and (5) "management of time and activities." DISCUSSION Social relationships and social environment were prioritized as more essential than other aspects of family environments typically assessed in population surveys, such as health practices and family members' illness and disease. This study develops the scientific groundwork needed to advance routine monitoring of family health in national health surveys and in child/family performance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomi S Weiss-Laxer
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - AliceAnn Crandall
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Lauren Okano
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne W Riley
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Riva Crugnola C, Ierardi E, Prino LE, Brustia P, Cena L, Rollè L. Early styles of interaction in mother-twin infant dyads and maternal mental health. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:665-671. [PMID: 32451704 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Transition to parenthood is considered a critical process for mothers of twins. There are, however, few studies on the subject. This study aims to evaluate the differences between mother-twin infant dyads and mother-singleton infant dyads with regard to maternal depression, anxiety, parenting stress, and the quality of mother-infant interaction. Mothers of twin infants (N = 40) were compared to mothers of singletons (N = 72). At infant 3 months, maternal depression, anxiety, and parenting stress were assessed via a questionnaire and styles of interaction with the Care-Index. The results indicated that mothers of twins (vs mothers of singletons) had significantly higher state anxiety and higher scores on the Difficult Child Scale of the Parenting Stress Index at infant 3 months. No significant differences between the two groups were found with regard to maternal depression. Mothers of twins had significantly lower sensitivity and were more unresponsive than mothers of singletons. Twin infants had significantly more difficult and compliant behaviours than singleton infants. Assisted reproductive treatment (ART) and prematurity had no effect on any of the examined variables. State anxiety was shown to partially mediate the relationship between twin parenthood and maternal sensitivity and to completely mediate the relationship between twin parenthood and infant difficult style. Maternal unresponsiveness was shown to be exclusively linked to being the parent of twins. The study shows that twin parenthood has a significant effect on maternal mental health and on the quality of mother-infant interaction and highlights the importance of early prevention programmes for twin parents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Ierardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Elvira Prino
- Department of Philosophy and Educational Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Piera Brustia
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Loredana Cena
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Rollè
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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A mother-child intervention program for adolescent mothers: Results from a randomized controlled trial (the TeeMo study). Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:992-1005. [PMID: 32646526 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Children of adolescent mothers are a high-risk group for negative child development. Previous findings suggest that early interventions may enhance child development by improving mother-child interaction. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a mother-child intervention (STEEP-b) program in high-risk adolescent mother-infant dyads (N = 56) within a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Mother-child interaction was assessed at baseline (T1), postintervention (T2), and follow-up (T3). The primary outcome was the change in maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness from T1 to T2 that was measured by blinded ratings of videotaped mother-child-interaction with the Emotional Availability Scales. A modified intention-to-treat analysis was performed to examine the data. No intervention effect was found for maternal sensitivity, 95% CI [-0.59-0.60], p = .99, and child responsiveness, 95% CI [-0.51-0.62], p = .84. Maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness did not change over time in both groups (all ps > .05). A statistically nonsignificant, but potentially clinically meaningful difference emerged between rates of serious adverse events, SC: 4 (14.8%), STEEP-b: 1 (3.4%), possibly driven by different intensity of surveillance of dyads in the treatment groups. The current findings question the effectiveness of STEEP-b for high-risk adolescent mothers and do not justify the broad implementation of this approach.
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Revisiting the roots of attachment: A review of the biological and psychological effects of maternal skin-to-skin contact and carrying of full-term infants. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 60:101441. [PMID: 32603951 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the early period of hypothesis building and empirical testing of attachment theory, a major emphasis was placed on mother-infant physical contact. In spite of this, mother-infant contact has received scant attention amongst attachment and child development researchers in the past decades. Here, a brief theoretical framework for mother-infant contact is presented, drawing on animal studies as well as human studies of preterm infants and neonates. Salient mechanisms may include an extended sensitive period during early infancy, requiring specific somatosensory stimuli for bio-behavioral homeorhesis; oxytocinergic and epigenetic pathways; kinesthetic stimuli and face-to-face proximity allowing for increased social interaction. Studies of extended human mother-full-term infant physical contact have demonstrated positive effects in multiple domains. For infants, these include sleep organization, temperature and heart rate regulation, behavioral response, crying/colic, socio-emotional development, attachment quality, speech development opportunities and mother-child interactions. For mothers, studies demonstrate improved depressive symptomatology, physiological stress regulation, contingent responsivity, breastfeeding and mother-child interactions. Parent-infant attachment quality has gained prominence as a trauma-resilience factor as well as a predictor of adult physical health. The potential role of mother-infant contact as an attachment promoting intervention as well as future research subjects are discussed. Current evidence supports the original attachment research that early maternal touch provision may influence infant socio-emotional development and attachment quality, with positive implications for mother-child relationship functioning.
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Coutinho VM, Queiroga BAMD, Souza RCD. ATTACHMENT STYLE IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC DISEASES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 38:e2018308. [PMID: 32401946 PMCID: PMC7212585 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate how attachment style has been studied in children with
chronic disease in the scientific literature, and what repercussions this
attachment has on this population. Data sources: An integrative review of the literature was carried out from a survey in the
LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO databases, including original national and
international publications in Portuguese, Spanish and English from 2007 to
2018, using the descriptors “apego” and
“criança” in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS),
and “attachment” and “children” for the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
Sixteen (16 articles) were obtained for the sample analysis. Data synthesis: The chronic diseases found in the research were neurobehavioral disorders
such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism,
childhood obesity, and chronic migraine. The predominant attachment style
was insecurity, which could compromise the biopsychosocial development of
the child. Conclusions: The type of attachment between child and primary caregiver may be considered
a protective or risk factor for child development. Considering this premise,
it is important to equip/inform families based on dialogic educational
practices, in which professionals create opportunities and means for
families to develop their skills and competencies, and acquire resources
which meet the child’s needs. It is important that this professional helps
the family to build secure bases for their child with chronic disease,
understanding that the main focus for promoting child development is in the
family unit.
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Crow TM, Levy KN. Adult attachment anxiety moderates the relation between self-reported childhood maltreatment and borderline personality disorder features. Personal Ment Health 2019; 13:239-249. [PMID: 31571424 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is one of many risk factors for borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, not all individuals with BPD report histories of childhood maltreatment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify factors that contextualize the relation between childhood maltreatment and BPD features. With its emphasis on the developmental origins of emotion regulation, attachment theory provides a useful framework to understand how people are differentially affected by early life stress. The present study examined self-reported adult attachment as a moderator in the relation between childhood maltreatment and BPD features in a large undergraduate sample (n = 1 033). Attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, moderated the relation between childhood maltreatment and BPD features, and this relation was non-significant among participants low (-1 standard deviation) in attachment anxiety. These results support the hypothesis that secure attachment in adulthood may buffer against the otherwise deleterious effects of distal risk factors on personality pathology. Future research should continue to examine this question across risk factors and across disorders. Furthermore, we suggest that researchers who have historically examined attachment as a mediator cross-sectionally should re-examine their data for evidence of a moderation effect. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Crow
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Levy
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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35
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Zahodne LB, Sharifian N, Manly JJ, Sumner JA, Crowe M, Wadley VG, Howard VJ, Murchland AR, Brenowitz WD, Weuve J. Life course biopsychosocial effects of retrospective childhood social support and later-life cognition. Psychol Aging 2019; 34:867-883. [PMID: 31566397 PMCID: PMC6829036 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Social support during childhood lays the foundation for social relationships throughout the life course and has been shown to predict a wide range of mental and physical health outcomes. Social support measured in late life is prospectively associated with better cognitive aging, but few studies have evaluated social support received earlier in the life course. We quantified the effects of childhood social support, reported retrospectively, on later-life cognitive trajectories and investigated biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying these associations. Latent growth curve models estimated 10-year cognitive trajectories in 8,538 participants (baseline ages 45-93; Mage = 63) in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) project. Independent of sociodemographics, childhood socioeconomic status, and household size, greater retrospective childhood social support was associated with better initial episodic memory, but not verbal fluency or cognitive change, in later adulthood. Associations with initial memory level were mediated by sociodemographic and psychosocial variables; specifically, those who reported greater childhood social support reported higher educational attainment and had better physical and emotional health in adulthood, which were each associated with better memory. These results provide support for broad and enduring effects of childhood social support on mental, physical, and cognitive health decades later. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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36
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Finet C, Vermeer HJ, Juffer F, Bijttebier P, Bosmans G. Remarkable cognitive catch-up in Chinese Adoptees nine years after adoption. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Flowers H, Bérubé D, Ebrahimipour M, Perrier MF, Moloci S, Skoretz S. Swallowing behaviours and feeding environment in relation to communication development from early infancy to 6 years of age: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028850. [PMID: 31427327 PMCID: PMC6701691 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the influences of early swallowing function and feeding environment on the development of communication will enhance prevention and intervention initiatives for young children. This scoping review will help elucidate key elements affecting the developmental trajectory of communicative systems, typically robust and well-developed by formal school entry. We aim to (1) map the current state of the literature in a growing field of interest that has the potential to advance knowledge translation, (2) identify existing gaps and (3) provide research direction for future investigations surrounding feeding-swallowing functions and environment that support or forestall communication development in young children. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We are proposing a scoping review to identify the breadth and depth of the existing literature regarding swallowing-feeding functions and environment relative to the onset and progression of communicative behaviours from infancy to 6 (<6;0) years of age. Our protocol delineates rigorous methods according to Arskey and O'Malley's framework and includes elaborations by Levac and colleagues. We will search the literature based on 10 databases, 17 peer-reviewed journals, 4 conference proceedings and 6 grey literature sources. Two authors will independently screen abstracts and review full articles, remaining blind to each other's results. A third author will contribute to resolving any discrepant results from both the abstract and article review. Subsequently, we will extract data and chart information from accepted articles using a pre-established data collection form. We will stratify results according to healthy versus impaired swallowing-feeding functions and communication development. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Our scoping review does not require ethical approval. We will disseminate our final study results through international and national conference presentations, publication in a peer-reviewed journal and knowledge translation activities with stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Flowers
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut du savoir - A Knowledge Institute, Montfort Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Bérubé
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mona Ebrahimipour
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- In-patient Rehabilitation, Elisabeth-Bruyere Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-France Perrier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- In-patient Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Moloci
- In-patient Medical Units, Hopital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey Skoretz
- School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Ontario, Canada
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Tottenham N, Shapiro M, Flannery J, Caldera C, Sullivan RM. Parental presence switches avoidance to attraction learning in children. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:1070-1077. [PMID: 31332302 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Attachment-related learning (that is, forming preferences for cues associated with the parent) defies the traditional rules of learning in that it seems to occur independently of apparent reinforcement1-young children prefer cues associated with their parent, regardless of valence (rewarding or aversive), despite the diversity of parenting styles2. This obligatory attraction for parental cues keeps the child nearby and safe to explore the environment; thus, it is critical for survival and sets the foundation for normal human cognitive-emotional behaviour. Here we examined the learning underlying this attraction in preschool-age children. Young children underwent an aversive conditioning procedure either in the parent's presence or alone. We showed that despite disliking the aversive unconditioned stimulus, children exhibited a behavioural approach for conditioned stimuli that were acquired in the parent's presence and an avoidance for stimuli acquired in the parent's absence, an effect that was strongest among those with the lowest cortisol levels. The results suggest that learning systems during early childhood are constructed to permit modification by parental presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | - Christina Caldera
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Child Study Center, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Raby KL, Dozier M. Attachment across the lifespan: insights from adoptive families. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 25:81-85. [PMID: 29621692 PMCID: PMC6158124 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Research with adoptive families offers novel insights into longstanding questions about the significance of attachment across the lifespan. We illustrate this by reviewing adoption research addressing two of attachment theory's central ideas. First, studies of children who were adopted after experiencing severe adversity offer powerful tests of the unique consequences of experiences in early attachment relationships. Although children who experience early maltreatment or institutionalization show remarkable recovery in the quality of their attachments after being placed with their adoptive families, experiencing pre-adoptive adversity also has long-lasting repercussions for these individuals' later attachment representations. Second, adoptive families allow for genetically-informed examinations of the intergenerational transmission process. Indeed, despite the lack of genetic relatedness, adoptive parents' attachment representations are associated with their children's attachment behaviors and representations across childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Dozier
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
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40
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Wagner NJ, Hastings PD, Rubin KH. Children's autonomic functioning moderates links between maternal rejecting attitudes and preschool aggressive behaviors. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:739-747. [PMID: 29927485 PMCID: PMC6107380 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Substantial theoretical and empirical literature suggests that the extent to which children's early experiences contribute to the development of aggressive behaviors may depend on the psychophysiological regulatory capacities of the child. This study adds to this literature by examining the relations between mothers' rejecting child-rearing attitudes and children's aggressive behaviors, as well as whether children's parasympathetic regulation, both at rest and in response to anger-inducing films, moderate these links. Using the data collected from 88 preschoolers (mage = 51 months), the results revealed that the positive association between mothers' rejecting child-rearing attitudes and children's aggressive behaviors was moderated by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity to anger. More rejecting child-rearing attitudes predicted more aggressive behaviors only for children who showed mild RSA suppression to RSA augmentation. Conversely, and consistent with the differential-susceptibility model, children who showed mild RSA suppression to RSA augmentation had the fewest aggressive behaviors when mothers reported less rejecting child-rearing attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Wagner
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, , 252-290-7444
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Kenneth H. Rubin
- Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, Benjamin Building, RM 3304, 3942 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
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Gibler RC, Kalomiris AE, Kiel EJ. Paternal Anxiety in Relation to Toddler Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Maternal Behavior. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:512-522. [PMID: 29143890 PMCID: PMC5955770 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite robust investigations examining the impact of maternal anxiety and parenting behaviors and child anxiety risk, less is understood about the impact of paternal anxiety and parenting behaviors on child anxiety risk, particularly within the broader family context. An Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was used to examine whether paternal anxiety longitudinally predicted child anxiety risk indirectly through maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, while controlling for maternal anxiety. Both fathers and mothers of 12- to 30-month-olds (n = 94) provided self-report of their anxiety and parenting behaviors. Child inhibited temperament (i.e., anxiety risk) was coded. Two APIMs separately considering encouragement of independence and overprotection were examined. These models revealed no direct relation between parent and child anxiety while controlling for parenting behaviors. Models did suggest that paternal anxiety is indirectly linked with future child anxiety through lower maternal encouragement of independence, but not through maternal overprotection or paternal parenting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Gibler
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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Bar-Zomer J, Brunstein Klomek A. Attachment to Parents As a Moderator in the Association between Sibling Bullying and Depression or Suicidal Ideation among Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:72. [PMID: 29593583 PMCID: PMC5857527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying is one of the most widespread phenomenon in childhood and adolescence. Interestingly, most research on bullying focuses on bullying at school and not on bullying among siblings at home. Sibling bullying is the most frequent form of repeated aggression that children experience in their lifetime. Furthermore, previous studies indicate that sibling bullying is associated with depression and self-harm behavior. However, the association between sibling bullying and suicidal ideation was never previously examined. Attachment to parents is one variable that can moderate the association between sibling bullying and depression/suicide ideation. To our knowledge, there is no existing study that examines the association between sibling bullying and attachment patterns. In addition, no previous study has examined the moderating role of attachment on the association between sibling bullying and depression or suicidal ideation among adolescents. The current study includes 279 Israeli students aged 10-17 (M = 13.5; SD = 1.98; 164, 58.8% females) who completed self-report questionnaires regarding school and sibling bullying, attachment to mother and father, depression, and suicidal ideation. The results indicated an association between bullying among siblings and school bullying. In addition, children and adolescents who were consistently involved in sibling bullying were at greater risk for depression and suicide ideation when compared to children and adolescents who were not involved in sibling bullying. A secure attachment to one's father (but not to one's mother) moderated the association between sibling bullying and depression/suicide ideation. It should be noted that when suicide ideation was examined above and beyond depression, attachment to one's father did not moderate the association between sibling bullying involvement and suicide ideation. This finding indicates that depression plays a central role in the association between sibling bullying and suicide ideation. These results suggest that sibling bullying is a risk factor for depressive symptoms and suicide ideation and that secure attachment to one's father may serve as a protective role. Future bullying prevention programs should include sibling bullying and encourage the increased availability of paternal emotional support. Other theoretical and applied implications for prevention of both sibling bullying and suicide are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bar-Zomer
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Anat Brunstein Klomek
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
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Bevans KB, Riley AW, Landgraf JM, Carle AC, Teneralli RE, Fiese BH, Meltzer LJ, Ettinger AK, Becker BD, Forrest CB. Children's family experiences: development of the PROMIS ® pediatric family relationships measures. Qual Life Res 2017; 26:3011-3023. [PMID: 28643117 PMCID: PMC6167927 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the development of pediatric family relationships measures, with versions for child self-report (8-17 years) and parent-report for children 5-17 years old. Measures were created for integration into the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®). METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 10 experts, 24 children, and 8 parents were conducted to elicit and clarify essential elements of family relationships. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify item concepts representative of each element. The concepts were transformed into items that were iteratively revised based on cognitive interviews (n = 43 children) and item translatability review. Psychometric studies involving 2846 children and 2262 parents were conducted to further refine and validate the instruments. RESULTS Qualitative procedures supported the development of content valid Family Relationships item banks. Final child- and parent-report item banks each contain 47 items. Unidimensional item banks were calibrated using IRT-modeling to estimate item parameters representative of the US population and to enable computerized adaptive test administration. Four- and eight-item short forms were constructed for standard fixed format administration. All instruments have strong internal consistency, retest-reliability, and provide precise estimates of various levels of family relationship quality. Preliminary evidence of the instruments' validity was provided by known-group comparisons and convergence with legacy measures. CONCLUSION The PROMIS pediatric Family Relationships measures can be applied in research focused on determinants, outcomes, and the protective effects of children's subjective family relationship experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Bevans
- Temple University College of Public Health, 1700 N Broad St, 301-H, Philadelphia, PA, 19121, USA.
| | - Anne W Riley
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Adam C Carle
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Barbara H Fiese
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Anna K Ettinger
- Booz, Allen, Hamilton, Mclean, VA, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Forrest
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Cooke D, Priddis L, Luyten P, Kendall G, Cavanagh R. PATERNAL AND MATERNAL REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING IN THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN PEEL CHILD HEALTH STUDY. Infant Ment Health J 2017; 38:561-574. [PMID: 28833359 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
While past research on the care of infants has been mostly with mothers, in recent times there has been a renewed attention to the father-infant relationship. This study examined differences between mother and father parental reflective functioning (PRF) or parental mentalizing; that is, the parental capacity to reason about their own and their children's behaviors by taking into consideration intentional mental states. Data were collected from 120 couples with a 1-year-old child who were participants in the West Australian Peel Child Health Study. Parental mentalizing was assessed using the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ; Luyten, Mayes, Nijssens, & Fonagy, ). Results showed that mother and father mentalizing with their children was independent and that mothers scored slightly higher levels of mentalizing than did fathers. Paternal mentalizing was weakly associated with family income and father education, and was more strongly associated with family functioning than with maternal mentalizing. Implications for theorizing on PRF and fatherhood more generally are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick Luyten
- University of Leuven, Belgium and University College London
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45
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Keen B, Blaszczynski A, Anjoul F. Systematic Review of Empirically Evaluated School-Based Gambling Education Programs. J Gambl Stud 2017; 33:301-325. [PMID: 27566689 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent problem gambling prevalence rates are reportedly five times higher than in the adult population. Several school-based gambling education programs have been developed in an attempt to reduce problem gambling among adolescents; however few have been empirically evaluated. The aim of this review was to report the outcome of studies empirically evaluating gambling education programs across international jurisdictions. A systematic review following guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement searching five academic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO, and ERIC, was conducted. A total of 20 papers and 19 studies were included after screening and exclusion criteria were applied. All studies reported intervention effects on cognitive outcomes such as knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs. Only nine of the studies attempted to measure intervention effects on behavioural outcomes, and only five of those reported significant changes in gambling behaviour. Of these five, methodological inadequacies were commonly found including brief follow-up periods, lack of control comparison in post hoc analyses, and inconsistencies and misclassifications in the measurement of gambling behaviour, including problem gambling. Based on this review, recommendations are offered for the future development and evaluation of school-based gambling education programs relating to both methodological and content design and delivery considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Keen
- Responsible Gambling Research Group, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney University, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Alex Blaszczynski
- Responsible Gambling Research Group, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney University, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Fadi Anjoul
- Responsible Gambling Research Group, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney University, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
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Parra F, Miljkovitch R, Persiaux G, Morales M, Scherer S. The Multimodal Assessment of Adult Attachment Security: Developing the Biometric Attachment Test. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e100. [PMID: 28385683 PMCID: PMC5399225 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment theory has been proven essential for mental health, including psychopathology, development, and interpersonal relationships. Validated psychometric instruments to measure attachment abound but suffer from shortcomings common to traditional psychometrics. Recent developments in multimodal fusion and machine learning pave the way for new automated and objective psychometric instruments for adult attachment that combine psychophysiological, linguistic, and behavioral analyses in the assessment of the construct. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to present a new exposure-based, automatic, and objective adult-attachment assessment, the Biometric Attachment Test (BAT), which exposes participants to a short standardized set of visual and music stimuli, whereas their immediate reactions and verbal responses, captured by several computer sense modalities, are automatically analyzed for scoring and classification. We also aimed to empirically validate two of its assumptions: its capacity to measure attachment security and the viability of using themes as placeholders for rotating stimuli. METHODS A total of 59 French participants from the general population were assessed using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), and the Attachment Multiple Model Interview (AMMI) as ground truth for attachment security. They were then exposed to three different BAT stimuli sets, whereas their faces, voices, heart rate (HR), and electrodermal activity (EDA) were recorded. Psychophysiological features, such as skin-conductance response (SCR) and Bayevsky stress index; behavioral features, such as gaze and facial expressions; as well as linguistic and paralinguistic features, were automatically extracted. An exploratory analysis was conducted using correlation matrices to uncover the features that are most associated with attachment security. A confirmatory analysis was conducted by creating a single composite effects index and by testing it for correlations with attachment security. The stability of the theory-consistent features across three different stimuli sets was explored using repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVAs). RESULTS In total, 46 theory-consistent correlations were found during the exploration (out of 65 total significant correlations). For example, attachment security as measured by the AAP was correlated with positive facial expressions (r=.36, P=.01). AMMI's security with the father was inversely correlated with the low frequency (LF) of HRV (r=-.87, P=.03). Attachment security to partners as measured by the AAQ was inversely correlated with anger facial expression (r=-.43, P=.001). The confirmatory analysis showed that the composite effects index was significantly correlated to security in the AAP (r=.26, P=.05) and the AAQ (r=.30, P=.04) but not in the AMMI. Repeated measures ANOVAs conducted individually on each of the theory-consistent features revealed that only 7 of the 46 (15%) features had significantly different values among responses to three different stimuli sets. CONCLUSIONS We were able to validate two of the instrument's core assumptions: its capacity to measure attachment security and the viability of using themes as placeholders for rotating stimuli. Future validation of other of its dimensions, as well as the ongoing development of its scoring and classification algorithms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Parra
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Paragraphe Laboratory, Paris VIII University, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | | | - Michelle Morales
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Scherer
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Johansson M, Svensson I, Stenström U, Massoudi P. Depressive symptoms and parental stress in mothers and fathers 25 months after birth. J Child Health Care 2017; 21:65-73. [PMID: 29156983 DOI: 10.1177/1367493516679015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, feelings of incompetence and spouse relationship problems and their mutual relations. Data from a Swedish parent-infant population-based cohort 25 months after childbirth was used. A questionnaire containing Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a modified Swedish Parental Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) regarding depression and parental stress was answered by 646 fathers and 700 mothers. Parents with depressive symptoms experienced more feelings of incompetence and spouse relationship problems than parents without depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 12) was more than11% for mothers and nearly 5% for fathers in the sample, 25 months after childbirth. The result indicated that feelings of incompetence and spouse relationship problems could be important constructs for understanding parental stress and depressive symptoms in the parents of young children. In conclusion, it is important that Child Health Care is attentive to both mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms and parental stress after the first year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Johansson
- 1 Linneaus University, Department of Psychology Vaxjo, Sweden
| | - Idor Svensson
- 2 Linneaus University, Department of Psychology Vaxjo Sweden
| | - Ulf Stenström
- 3 Linneaus University, Department of Psychology Vaxjo Sweden
| | - Pamela Massoudi
- 4 Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg and Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Parra F, George C, Kalalou K, Januel D. Ideal Parent Figure method in the treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood trauma: a pilot study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2017; 8:1400879. [PMID: 29201286 PMCID: PMC5700488 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1400879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a consensus within the trauma field for the necessity of a three-phase treatment programme for complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). This pilot study focuses on the stabilisation phase, the goal of which is the development of psychological resources and the reduction of disabling symptoms. Objective: To test the efficacy of the Ideal Parent Figure (IPF) method as a stabilization treatment for CPTSD patients with a history of childhood trauma. Method: The sample was comprised of 17 adults with a history of childhood trauma concomitant with CPTSD symptoms consulting at a clinic in France. Participants enrolled in a 5-week psychotherapy programme based on the IPF method, a semi-structured visualization programme designed to treat attachment disturbances. Measures of DESNOS symptoms, psychological symptoms, quality of life, and adult attachment were administered pre- and posttreatment as well as at 8-month follow-up. Results: A significant decrease in symptom severity and attachment traumatization and a significant increase in quality of life were found, both with medium-to-large effect sizes. The 8-month follow-up assessment showed outcome stability. Conclusions: These results suggest that treating attachment disturbances directly with an approach akin to the Ideal Parent Figure method may lead to fast and stable improvement for individuals with CPTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Parra
- Ville Evrard Clinical Research Unit, Nuilly-sur-Marne, France.,Psychology Department, Paris VIII University, Saint-Denis, France.,Ville Evrard Center of Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Carol George
- Psychology Department, Mills College, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Khalid Kalalou
- Ville Evrard Clinical Research Unit, Nuilly-sur-Marne, France.,Ville Evrard Center of Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Dominique Januel
- Ville Evrard Clinical Research Unit, Nuilly-sur-Marne, France.,Ville Evrard Center of Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Saint-Denis, France
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Wagner NJ, Propper C, Gueron-Sela N, Mills-Koonce WR. Dimensions of Maternal Parenting and Infants' Autonomic Functioning Interactively Predict Early Internalizing Behavior Problems. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 44:459-70. [PMID: 26063322 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Developmental pathways to childhood internalizing behavior problems are complex, with both environmental and child-level factors contributing to their emergence. The authors use data from a prospective longitudinal study (n = 206) to examine the associations between dimensions of caregiving experiences in the first year of life and anxious/depressed and withdrawn behaviors in early childhood. Additionally, the authors examine the extent to which these associations were moderated by infants' autonomic functioning in the first year of life indexed using measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and heart period (HP). Findings suggest that higher levels of maternal sensitivity in infancy are associated with fewer anxious/depressed and withdrawn behaviors at age 3 years. Negative intrusiveness was found to be positively associated with children's anxious/depressed behaviors but not withdrawn behaviors. Further, moderation analyses suggested that the link between negative intrusive parenting during infancy and subsequent anxious/depressed behaviors is exacerbated for infants with average or low baseline HP and that positive engaging parenting during infancy was negatively related to withdrawn behaviors for infants demonstrating average to high levels baseline HP. Interestingly, RSA was not found to moderate the associations between parenting in infancy and later internalizing behavior problems suggesting that, during infancy, overall autonomic functioning may have greater implications for the development of internalizing behaviors than do parasympathetic influences alone. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Wagner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3270 Davie Hall, Room 217, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA. .,The Center for Developmental Science, 100 East Franklin Street, Suite 200, CB#8115, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8115, USA.
| | - Cathi Propper
- The Center for Developmental Science, 100 East Franklin Street, Suite 200, CB#8115, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8115, USA.
| | - Noa Gueron-Sela
- The Center for Developmental Science, 100 East Franklin Street, Suite 200, CB#8115, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8115, USA.
| | - W Roger Mills-Koonce
- The Center for Developmental Science, 100 East Franklin Street, Suite 200, CB#8115, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8115, USA.,The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Stone Building Room 145, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
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Friedman-Krauss AH, Raver CC. Does school mobility place elementary school children at risk for lower math achievement? The mediating role of cognitive dysregulation. Dev Psychol 2015; 51:1725-39. [PMID: 26436870 PMCID: PMC4682346 DOI: 10.1037/a0039795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Children growing up in poverty have a higher likelihood of exposure to multiple forms of adversity that jeopardize their chances of academic success. The current paper identifies school mobility, or changing schools, as 1 such poverty-related risk. Using a sample of low-income, predominantly ethnic-minority children (n = 381) in Chicago, this study tests the hypothesis that repeatedly changing schools during the 5-year period between Head Start (preschool) and third grade is a potent predictor of children's math achievement in fourth grade and that children's cognitive dysregulation serves as a mechanism through which school mobility may negatively affect children's math achievement. Hierarchical linear models controlling for baseline child and family characteristics (including children's early math and dysregulation measured during Head Start) revealed an inverse relation between the number of times low-income children changed schools between preschool and third grade and children's math achievement on state standardized tests in fourth grade. Furthermore, frequently changing schools (3 or 4 school changes over the same time period) was positively associated with teacher-reported cognitive dysregulation in third grade and negatively associated with children's math achievement in fourth grade. Evidence for the role of children's cognitive dysregulation as a partial statistical mediator was found for the relation between frequently changing schools and math achievement, even after accounting for baseline risk. Results are discussed in terms of school policies, practices, and intervention strategies to prevent the disruptive and potentially stressful experiences of school mobility for young, low-income children.
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