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Odigie T, Elsden E, Hosozawa M, Patalay P, Pingault JB. The healthy context paradox: a cross-country analysis of the association between bullying victimisation and adolescent mental health. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02483-x. [PMID: 38832961 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Bullying victimisation is an increasing global health problem among adolescents and is associated with short- and long-term adverse mental health outcomes. Investigating whether associations with mental health vary across national contexts and why, can provide insights into mechanisms underlying those associations and inform policy. We used data from 479,685 adolescents participating in the 2018 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) cross-sectional survey and examined whether the associations between bullying victimisation, psychological distress and life satisfaction vary across 63 countries. We further tested the modifying role of country-level factors - bullying prevalence, income inequality and national wealth, by implementing multilevel cross-country analyses. We found significant associations between bullying victimisation, increased psychological distress (β = 0.181; 95%CI: 0.178, 0.184) and decreased life satisfaction (β = -0.158; 95%CI: -0.162, -0.155). Associations between bullying victimisation, psychological distress and life satisfaction among adolescents were consistent across countries in terms of direction but effect sizes varied substantially. The effects ranged from β = 0.08 in the Philippines to β = 0.40 in South Korea for psychological distress and from β = -0.05 in the Philippines to β = -0.36 in the United Kingdom for life satisfaction. In addition, consistent with the "healthy context paradox" effect, associations between bullying and mental health were larger in countries where the prevalence of bullying was lower, as well as in higher-income countries. Interventions aiming to reduce bullying victimisation should aim to provide additional targeted support for those who still experience bullying after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Odigie
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
| | - Esme Elsden
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Mariko Hosozawa
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
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Gaunt L, Guy A, Wolke D, Lee KS. Sibling and peer bullying victimization in adolescence: Masculinity, femininity, and the moderating role of sex and popularity. J Adolesc 2024; 96:760-770. [PMID: 38288861 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated whether gender-typed traits (masculinity and femininity) contemporaneously predicted self-reported peer victimization, peer-reported peer victimization, and sibling victimization. We also tested the moderating role of sex and popularity. METHODS A sample of 2782 British pupils aged 11-16 from Central England, UK was screened for bullying involvement and popularity using self-report and peer nominations, and a subsample of 704 (52.7% girls) completed a measure of gender-typed traits (masculinity and femininity). RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that low levels of masculine traits were associated with greater risk of self-reported peer victimization, there were no associations with peer-reported peer victimization, and low levels of feminine traits were associated with greater risk of self-reported sibling victimization. The effects were not moderated by sex, while popularity decreased the risk of self- and peer-reported peer victimization. CONCLUSIONS Bullying prevention interventions could benefit from including the positive facets of feminine and masculine traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Gaunt
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Alexa Guy
- School of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kirsty S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Richardson R, Connell T, Foster M, Blamires J, Keshoor S, Moir C, Zeng IS. Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1301-1322. [PMID: 38564099 PMCID: PMC11045640 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Suicide remains the second most common cause of death in young people aged 10-24 years and is a growing concern globally. The literature reports a vast number of factors that can predispose an adolescent to suicidality at an individual, relational, community, or societal level. There is limited high-level research identifying and understanding these risk and protective factors of adolescent suicidality. The present study used an umbrella review and meta-analysis to synthesize evidence from the review literature in the past 20 years on risk and protective factors of self-harm and suicidality (behavior and ideation) in adolescents. The umbrella review included 33 quantitative reviews with 1149 individual studies on suicidality and self-harm. Based on the data synthesis, it compared the public health impact of exposure on the population of the identified exposure. Bullying victimization was the most attributed environmental exposure for suicidality. The other identified significant school and individual factors were sleeping disturbance, school absenteeism, and exposure to antidepressants. Several significant vulnerable young populations were identified with significantly higher prevalence of suicidality, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (or questioning) youth and those with mental health disorders, problem behaviors, previous suicidality, self-harm, and gender (female). A person-centered approach emphasizing connectedness and bully-free school environments should be a priority focus for schools, health professionals, and public health policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Richardson
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Research Office, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Culture and Society, School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanya Connell
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mandie Foster
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Midwifery and Nursing, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Blamires
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Smita Keshoor
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, School of Oral Health, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Moir
- Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Irene Suilan Zeng
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Research Office, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Kovacevic Lepojevic M, Trajkovic M, Mijatovic L, Popovic-Citic B, Bukvic L, Kovacevic M, Parausic Marinkovic A, Radulovic M. The relationship between teachers' disciplinary practices and school bullying and students' satisfaction with school: The moderated mediation effects of sex and school belonging. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303466. [PMID: 38805502 PMCID: PMC11132461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
An authoritative school climate, along with greater teacher support and warm relations among peers are frequently connected with less school bullying. The main aim of this paper is to examine the direct link as perceived by students between teachers' disciplinary practices and bullying in school and students' satisfaction with school. The indirect relationships are explored via the mediation of school belonging and the moderation of sex. High school students (N = 860, 40.4% male students) completed the Delaware School Climate Survey, the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale at a single time point. In general, teachers' disciplinary practices have significant direct effects on perceptions of bullying and satisfaction with school. Positive disciplinary (direct effect = .28, SE = .04) and SEL techniques (direct effect = .22, SE = .04) are related to bullying only among males, while punitive techniques are directly linked to school bullying unrelated to sex (b = .03, SE = .05). Similarly, the effect of positive disciplinary (direct effect = .27, SE = .08) and SEL (direct effect = .21, SE = .08) techniques on satisfaction with school was significant only among males. A direct relationship between punitive disciplinary techniques and satisfaction with school was not recognized. The mediation analysis revealed the indirect effects of teachers' disciplinary practices on the dependent variables via school belonging to be stronger among females. Teachers' negative modeling through punitive disciplinary practices leads to more bullying. School belonging may serve as a protective factor related to the negative impact of teachers' disciplinary practices on school bullying as well as satisfaction with school, especially among females. Interventions should be focused on fostering school belonging along with the development of positive sex-specific disciplinary practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luka Mijatovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Lidija Bukvic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kovacevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wambua GN, Kilian S, Chiliza B. A qualitative study of coping strategies and resilience in the aftermath of childhood adversity in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38764159 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Exposure to adversity during childhood is associated with elevated risk for commonly occurring forms of psychopathology, especially psychotic disorders. Despite the noteworthy consequences associated with adverse childhood experiences, an inconsistent and unpredictable number of at-risk populations present with remarkably good physical and mental health outcomes that can be attributed to resilience. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the experience of childhood adverse events and coping strategies employed by individuals that promote resilience and better mental health outcomes. METHODS Fourteen individuals with a history of childhood adversity were recruited to participate using a case-study approach. A semi-structured interview guide was developed based on empirical evidence and theoretical background, and the interviews were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach. RESULTS Our findings showed that the type of adversity impacted the experience of trauma, for example, the death of a caregiver versus emotional abuse or witnessing violence at home. Five coping strategies were identified (social support, religious coping, problem or emotion-focused coping, and meaning-making), with healthy controls found to identify and use these resources more than the psychosis group to promote individual well-being and better mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into experiences in the aftermath of childhood adversity, emphasising the need to assess the history of trauma systematically. They further underscore the importance of mental health prevention programmes bolstering individual-level coping strategies and the resources available within our environments to help them manage adversity, improve overall outcomes, and promote resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Wambua
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - S Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape town, South Africa
| | - B Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Bourou A, Karkalousos P, Kriebardis AG, Papageorgiou E. Exploring Aggressive Behaviors in Greek Secondary Schools: Prevalence, Sociodemographic Factors, and Comparative Analysis with Elementary School Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:405. [PMID: 38785896 PMCID: PMC11117743 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of bullying in Greek secondary schools and detect the possible characteristics of bullies' profiles in Greek school settings. A structured questionnaire was given to one hundred ninety-two (n = 192) educators at Greek junior high schools in urban and rural areas. The educators were asked to report the frequencies and forms of aggressive behavior observed during the 2022-2023 school year, the bullies' sociodemographic characteristics, and ways of dealing with bullying episodes. The data are presented, after conducting statistical analyses, in comparison with data for elementary school students. The results revealed that higher rates of bullying were reported compared with elementary school children. Moreover, according to teachers' observations, aggressive behavior is independent of a pupil's diagnosis, but specific types are correlated significantly with a pupil's gender, nationality, low academic performance, and popularity. Factor analysis showed two main factors of aggression types, where common points and differences with elementary school students are mentioned. Implementations for the prevention of school bullying are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Bourou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
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Seyhan Şahin S, Ayaz-Alkaya S. The effect of motivational interviewing on peer bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. J Nurs Scholarsh 2024; 56:382-391. [PMID: 38273666 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was carried out to investigate the effect of motivational interviewing on peer bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents. DESIGN A parallel-group randomized controlled trial. METHODS The study population consisted of ninth-grade (aged 14 years) high school students (n = 200). The study was completed with 48 participants (intervention: 24; control: 24). The data were collected using the Participant Information Form, the Stages of Change Questionnaire, the Peer Bullying Scale, and the Cyberbullying Scale. The intervention group received a preparatory session and five weekly motivational interviewing sessions. Instruments were administered to both groups before the intervention, at the end of the last motivational interviewing session (post-test), and at 3rd- and 6th-month follow-ups. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and two-way mixed-design ANOVA with Bonferroni's test. RESULTS In the pre-test, no statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups regarding mean scores for peer bullying and cyberbullying (p > 0.05). Following the motivational interviewing sessions, adolescents in the intervention group had a significantly lower mean score for peer bullying and cyberbullying than the control group at the post-test and follow-up tests (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study concluded that motivational interviewing effectively reduced peer bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among adolescents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nurses would implement motivational interviewing to prevent bullying behaviors in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Seyhan Şahin
- Semra-Vefa Kucuk Faculty of Health Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
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Sahle BW, Reavley NJ, Morgan AJ, Yap MBH, Reupert A, Jorm AF. How much do adverse childhood experiences contribute to adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms? Evidence from the longitudinal study of Australian children. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:289. [PMID: 38632617 PMCID: PMC11022337 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to: (i) examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents; and (ii) estimate the burden of anxiety and depressive symptoms attributable to ACEs.Data were analyzed from 3089 children followed between Waves 1 (age 4-5 years) and 7 (16-17 years) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between ACEs and child-reported elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 16-17. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Children's Anxiety Scale and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, respectively. The punaf command available in STATA 14 was used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF).Before the age of 18 years, 68.8% of the children had experienced two or more ACEs. In the analysis adjusted for confounding factors, including co-occurring ACEs, both history and current exposure to bullying victimisation and parental psychological distress were associated with a statistically significant increased likelihood of elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 16-17. Overall, 47% of anxiety symptoms (95% CI for PAF: 35-56) and 21% of depressive symptoms (95% CI: 12-29) were attributable to a history of bullying victimisation. Similarly, 17% (95% CI: 11-25%) of anxiety and 15% (95% CI: 4-25%) of depressive symptoms at age 16-17 years were attributable to parental psychological distress experienced between the ages of 4-15 years.The findings demonstrate that intervention to reduce ACEs, especially parental psychological distress and bullying victimisation, may reduce the substantial burden of mental disorders in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhe W Sahle
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Amy J Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marie Bee Hui Yap
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Reupert
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Vahedi L, Seff I, Meinhart M, Roa AH, Villaveces A, Stark L. The association between youth violence and mental health outcomes in Colombia: A cross sectional analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 150:106336. [PMID: 37442669 PMCID: PMC10896151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against children and youth poses public health risks regarding mental health symptoms and substance use. Less studied is the relationship between violence and mental health/substance abuse in the Latin American context. This study explored sex-stratified relationships between violence and mental health/substance use among Colombian youth. METHODS We analyzed the 2018 Colombian Violence Against Children and Youth Survey, which collected cross-sectional data from Colombian youth (13-24 years) (n = 2705). Exposure variables were (i) binary sexual, emotional, and physical victimization and (ii) poly-victimization. The outcomes were binary suicidal thoughts, self-harm, past-month psychological distress, binge drinking, smoking, and drug use. Sex-stratified, logistic regressions were adjusted for age, primary school, parental presence, relationship status, and witnessing community violence. RESULTS For females, (i) emotional violence (compared to being unexposed) was associated with greater odds of suicidal thoughts, self-harm, and psychological distress and (ii) sexual violence was associated with suicidal thoughts and self-harm. For males, (i) emotional violence (compared to being unexposed) was associated with greater odds of suicidal thoughts and psychological distress, but not self-harm and (ii) sexual violence exposure was associated with suicidal thoughts and self-harm. Physical violence was generally not associated with internalized mental health outcomes for females/males, when emotional and sexual violence were held constant. Poly-victimization was consistently and positively associated with internalized mental health symptoms among females, and to a lesser degree for males. Substance use outcomes for males or females were not associated with violence. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the internalized mental health burden of emotional and sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luissa Vahedi
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilana Seff
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Andrés Villaveces
- Division of Violence Prevention, NCIPC, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay Stark
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Junttila M, Kielinen M, Jussila K, Joskitt L, Mäntymaa M, Ebeling H, Mattila ML. The traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder and bullying victimization in an epidemiological population. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1067-1080. [PMID: 37219644 PMCID: PMC11032281 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Autistic children (Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD) show an increased risk of bullying victimization and often face challenges in communication and peer relationships. However, it is unclear to what extent the amount and quality of ASD traits are associated with bullying victimization. This study examined the association of bullying victimization and ASD traits in an epidemiological population of 8-year-old children (n = 4408) using parent and teacher completed Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaires (ASSQs), both separately and combined. The ASSQ items relating to loneliness and social isolation, lack of co-operating skills, clumsiness and lack of common sense were associated with victimization in the study population. The higher the ASSQ scores, the more the children were victimized: the ASSQ scores increased in parallel with victimization from 0 (0% victimized) to 45 (64% victimized). The victimization rate was 46% in ASD sample, 2% in the total population sample and 2% in the non-ASD population sample. The results enable more targeted means for recognizing potential victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Junttila
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - K Jussila
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Psychology, VISE, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Joskitt
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Mäntymaa
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Ebeling
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M-L Mattila
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Machado-Oliveira L, de Amorim Vasconcelos MW, Ximenes RCC, Filho EAR, Barros MVG, Farah BQ, Ritti-Dias RM. Parental support and depressive and suicidal behaviors in bullied adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1959-1961. [PMID: 38334795 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Machado-Oliveira
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Alto Do Reservatório st, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 55608-680, Brazil.
| | | | - Rosana Christine Cavalcanti Ximenes
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Alto Do Reservatório st, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 55608-680, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edil Albuquerque Rodrigues Filho
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Alto Do Reservatório st, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 55608-680, Brazil
| | | | - Breno Quintella Farah
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Menabò L, Caravita SC, Skrzypiec G, Slee P, Guarini A. Effects of victimization and perpetration in observing bullying scenes: an eye-tracker study{es}: Efectos de la victimización y la perpetración en la observación de escenas de acoso: un estudio con eye-tracker. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100451. [PMID: 38439799 PMCID: PMC10909785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research showed that bullying experiences are associated with different ways of interpreting and behaving in bullying dynamics. However, it remains uncertain whether these distinctions can already be present during the first step of information processing: the allocation of attention. Aims The study explored attentional patterns of Italian students with different bullying experiences in daily life while observing different roles represented through bullying vignettes. Methods Participants (72 students, Mage= 11.18) were categorized as victims, bully-victims, or not involved based on their scores on a self-report questionnaire. They observed 9 bullying vignettes on which different portraits were presented (bully, victim, pro-bully, defender, bystander) while the eye-tracker registered attentional indexes (fixation, visit and duration). Results Kruskal- Wallis and pairwise comparisons revealed a significant effect for the portraits of the bully and the pro-bully as bully-victims exhibited greater fixations and visits than victims, while students not involved showed no significant differences with the other groups. Conclusion Our research reveals that bully-victims focused more on threatening cues while victims diverged their gaze from them, confirming that the experience of bullying influences how they explore aggressive situations. Learning how involved students direct their attention helps us understand different responses, leading to powerful interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menabò
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona C.S. Caravita
- Faculty of Arts and Education Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment and Behavioral Research in Education, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholms gate 41, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Grace Skrzypiec
- Department of Education, Flinders University, 182 Victoria Square, 5000 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phillip Slee
- Department of Education, Flinders University, 182 Victoria Square, 5000 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Annalisa Guarini
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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Tsomokos DI, Slavich GM. Bullying fosters interpersonal distrust and degrades adolescent mental health as predicted by Social Safety Theory. NATURE MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 2:328-336. [PMID: 38682098 PMCID: PMC11052587 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Social Safety Theory predicts that socially threatening experiences such as bullying degrade mental health partly by fostering the belief that others cannot be trusted. Here we tested this prediction by examining how peer bullying in childhood impacted adolescent mental health, and whether this effect was mediated by interpersonal distrust and several other commonly studied mediators-namely diet, sleep and physical activity-in 10,000 youth drawn from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. Youth bullied in childhood developed more internalizing, externalizing and total mental health problems in late adolescence, and this effect was partially mediated by interpersonal distrust during middle adolescence. Indeed, adolescents who developed greater distrust were approximately 3.5 times more likely to subsequently experience clinically significant mental health problems than those who developed less distrust. Individual and school-based interventions aimed at reducing the negative impact of bullying on mental health may thus benefit from bolstering youths' sense of trust in others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sweidan AT, El-Beialy AR, El-Mangoury NH, Mostafa YA, Dehis HM. Prevalence and factors influencing bullying among Egyptian schoolchildren. J Orthod 2024:14653125241229455. [PMID: 38323435 DOI: 10.1177/14653125241229455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of bullying among schoolchildren and to study the correlation between bullying and a specific type of malocclusion, self-esteem, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), the need for orthodontic treatment and socioeconomic status. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Low, middle and high socioeconomic-class schools in the same educational district in Cairo, Egypt. PARTICIPANTS A total of 324 Egyptian schoolchildren aged 11-14 years. METHODS Validated questionnaires were used to assess self-reported bullying frequency and intensity, self-esteem and OHRQoL. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to assess the orthodontic treatment need and the participants' occlusion was classified according to the British Standard Incisors (BSI) classification. RESULTS Bullying was found to be prevalent in 61.7% of the sample. Regression analysis revealed that participants with a Class II division 1 incisor relationship had the highest odds ratio (OR) for predicting bullying (OR = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38-2.15). Being bullied was significantly associated with lower self-esteem (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.13-0.78), worse OHRQoL (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.95-3.15) and a high need for orthodontic treatment, as determined by the IOTN Dental Health Component score (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05-1.95) and IOTN Aesthetic Component score (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12-1.88). Moreover, participants in high and middle socioeconomic-class groups had a lower OR for predicting bullying than those in the low socioeconomic-class group (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.13-0.54). CONCLUSION The bullying prevalence among Egyptian schoolchildren aged 11-14 years was very high. The prevalence of bullying was higher in schoolchildren with higher orthodontic treatment need and Class II division 1 incisor relationship. Bullying was correlated to poor self-esteem as well as poor OHRQoL. In addition, low socioeconomic status was found to be a potential predictor for bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman T Sweidan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Fifth Settlement, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr R El-Beialy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa H El-Mangoury
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Fifth Settlement, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yehya A Mostafa
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Fifth Settlement, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Dehis
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Arango C, Martín-Babarro J, Abregú-Crespo R, Huete-Diego MÁ, Alvariño-Piqueras M, Serrano-Marugán I, Díaz-Caneja CM. A web-enabled, school-based intervention for bullying prevention (LINKlusive): a cluster randomised trial. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 68:102427. [PMID: 38318124 PMCID: PMC10839589 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need for more sustainable interventions and for assessing the effectiveness of school-based universal anti-bullying programmes in vulnerable populations. We assessed the efficacy of a multicomponent, web-enabled, school-based intervention that aims to improve school climate and reduce bullying (LINKlusive) relative to conventional practices (control condition). Methods We conducted a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary and secondary schools in Madrid, Spain. The primary outcome measure was peer-reported bullying victimisation after the 12-week intervention (study endpoint). We analysed data using longitudinal mixed-effects models. The trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry (15719015). Findings We included 20 schools (10 in each group); 6542 students participated at baseline; 6403 were assessed at study endpoint. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant reduction in bullying victimisation in both the intervention (OR 0.61, 95% CI [0.41, 0.90]) and control groups (OR 0.69, 95% CI [0.51, 0.92]), with no evidence of differences in the whole sample (OR 0.89, 95% CI [0.58, 1.36]; aOR 0.89, 95% CI [0.58, 1.37]). Subgroup analyses showed a statistically significant effect of LINKlusive on bullying victimisation in primary education (aOR 0.68, 95% CI [0.47, 0.98]). In students with peer-reported bullying victimisation at baseline, LINKlusive showed a statistically significant effect on depression (-1.43, 95% CI [-2.46, -0.40], adjusted standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.41) and quality of life (2.18, 95% CI [0.80, 3.56], adjusted SMD 0.45). Interpretation LINKlusive could be effective in reducing bullying victimisation in primary school students. Sustainable whole-school interventions to promote mental health and reduce risk factors are warranted to improve outcomes in young people, especially in the early years of education. Funding Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Calle Ibiza, 43, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Babarro
- Department of Research and Psychology in Education, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Somosagua, Ctra. de Húmera, s/n, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Renzo Abregú-Crespo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Calle Ibiza, 43, 28009, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, C/ Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Huete-Diego
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Calle Ibiza, 43, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alvariño-Piqueras
- Department of Research and Psychology in Education, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Somosagua, Ctra. de Húmera, s/n, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Serrano-Marugán
- Consejería de Educación, Ciencia y Universidades, Comunidad de Madrid, Calle General Díaz Porlier 35, 28001, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Calle Ibiza, 43, 28009, Madrid, Spain
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Hikmat R, Yosep I, Hernawaty T, Mardhiyah A. A Scoping Review of Anti-Bullying Interventions: Reducing Traumatic Effect of Bullying Among Adolescents. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:289-304. [PMID: 38268849 PMCID: PMC10807449 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s443841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bullying is a violent activity that causes significant harm to both victims and perpetrators. Anxiety, despair, low self-esteem, and suicidal ideation are signs of bullying's traumatic effect. The social environment's support proved critical in lessening the devastating experience of bullying on adolescents. The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping Review of Anti-Bullying Interventions with the aim of reporting techniques to reduce traumatic effect of bullying among adolescents. A design scoping review was done in this investigation. The publications were discovered using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review method. Three databases were used to find this article: PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria for this study were that the sample included adolescent victims of bullying, that it was full text, that it was written in English, that it included anti-bullying therapies, that it used randomized control trials or quasi-experimental designs, and that it was published during the last ten years (2014-2023). The authors found 16 articles were obtained that explored Anti-bullying therapies to minimize symptoms of trauma in adolescent bullies. All of the studies found that the intervention significantly reduced the effects of bullying on victims (p<0.05). The sample sizes ranged from 31 to 5539 teenage respondents. This study discovered three types of anti-bullying interventions: social support, social skills, and school-based programs. Activities such as education, counseling, and training are used to prevent bullying behavior in schools. Adolescent intervention takes into account the participants' physical and psychological situations and focuses on completing the stages of adolescent development. Interventions to reduce the impact of trauma on bullying victims need to involve health providers, parents, and adolescents. This aims to form a mutually supportive system in overcoming the problem of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohman Hikmat
- Master of Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Iyus Yosep
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Taty Hernawaty
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Ai Mardhiyah
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Pantoja-Urbán AH, Richer S, Mittermaier A, Giroux M, Nouel D, Hernandez G, Flores C. Gains and Losses: Resilience to Social Defeat Stress in Adolescent Female Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:37-47. [PMID: 37355003 PMCID: PMC10996362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a unique period of psychosocial growth during which social adversity can negatively influence mental health trajectories. Understanding how adolescent social stress impacts males and females and why some individuals are particularly affected is becoming increasingly urgent. Social defeat stress models for adolescent male mice have been effective in reproducing some physical/psychological aspects of bullying. Designing a model suitable for females has proven challenging. METHODS We report a version of the adolescent male accelerated social defeat stress (AcSD) paradigm adapted for females. Early adolescent C57BL/6J female mice (N = 107) were exposed to our modified AcSD procedure twice a day for 4 days and categorized as resilient or susceptible based on a social interaction test 24 hours later. Mice were then assessed for changes in Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue expression in dopamine systems, for inhibitory control in adulthood using the Go/No-Go task, or for alterations in dopamine connectivity organization in the matured prefrontal cortex. RESULTS Most adolescent females showed protection against stress-induced social avoidance, but in adulthood, these resilient females developed inhibitory control deficits and showed diminution of prefrontal cortex presynaptic dopamine sites. Female mice classified as susceptible were protected against cognitive and dopaminergic alterations. AcSD did not alter Netrin-1/DCC in early adolescent females, contrary to previous findings with males. CONCLUSIONS Preserving prosocial behavior in adolescent females may be important for survival advantage but seems to come at the price of developing persistent cognitive and dopamine deficiencies. The female AcSD paradigm produced findings comparable to those found in males, allowing mechanistic investigation in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Harée Pantoja-Urbán
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samuel Richer
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Michel Giroux
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Nouel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Cecilia Flores
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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18
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Yang R, Chen J, Wang R, Li D, Hu J, Wan Y, Fang J, Zhang S. The effect of bullying victimization on sleep quality among Chinese medical students: Timing, duration, and patterns. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:25-32. [PMID: 37802327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization (BV) is a potential factor to sleep quality, but the role of BV characteristics in this association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate correlation between the timing, duration, and patterns of BV and sleep quality among Chinese medical students. METHODS 4035 participants (mean age of 19.2 ± 1.0) were recruited. BV patterns from pre-school to college were estimated using latent class analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) between sleep quality and BV. E values were used to assess unmeasured confounding. RESULTS Three patterns of BV were identified as follows: persistent BV (6.2 %), moderate BV (10.5 %), and low BV (83.3 %). BV during pre-school, elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, and college were all positively associated with poor sleep quality. The ORs were 2.30 (1.43-3.70), 3.00 (2.28-3.95), 2.71 (2.14-3.43), 3.34 (2.57-4.33) and 4.13 (3.19-5.36), respectively. The E value were 4.03 (2.21-NA), 5.45 (3.99-NA), 4.86 (3.70-NA), 6.14 (4.58-NA), 7.73 (5.83-NA), respectively. Those who experienced more periods of BV were more strongly associated with poor sleep quality, presenting a dose-response relationship [OR = 1.78, 95 % CI: 1.63-1.95, E value: 2.96 (2.64-NA)]. Those who experienced moderate BV [OR = 2.58, 95 % CI: 1.99-3.35; E value: 4.60 (3.39-NA)] and persistent BV [OR = 4.01, 95 % CI: 2.95-5.46; E value: 7.48(5.35-NA)] had higher odds of poor sleep quality. LIMITATIONS Retrospective design may introduce recall bias. CONCLUSION BV was positively related to poor sleep quality and chronic exposure to BV had a cumulative effect on poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, 632th Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Community Health Service Center of Xiyuan Street, 77th Hezuohua South Road, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Danlin Li
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Jun Fang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, PR China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, 632th Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, 632th Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, PR China.
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Vacca M, Cerolini S, Zegretti A, Zagaria A, Lombardo C. Bullying Victimization and Adolescent Depression, Anxiety and Stress: The Mediation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1897. [PMID: 38136099 PMCID: PMC10742181 DOI: 10.3390/children10121897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research has revealed a robust association between bullying victimization and psychological distress, but less is known about the underlying mechanism of this link. cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies could be a potential mediator. The current study examined the role of functional and dysfunctional CER strategies as potential mediators of the association between bullying victimization and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among 638 high school students (53.9% boys; Mean age = 15.65, SD = 1.32). METHOD Participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing bullying victimization (Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire), CER strategies (CERQ-18), and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21). The indirect relationships between bullying victimization and psychopathological symptoms via functional and dysfunctional CER strategies were tested through structural equation modeling. RESULTS Dysfunctional CER strategies mediated the impact of bullying victimization on depression, anxiety, and stress. In contrast, bullying victimization did not significantly influence functional CER strategies. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide additional support for the detrimental role of bullying victimization on mental distress, also suggesting that this effect is not only direct, but indirect is well. These results are particularly relevant in light of the absence of mediation by protective factors such as the use of positive emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarolina Vacca
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (A.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.L.)
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Ighaede-Edwards IG, Liu X, Olawade DB, Ling J, Odetayo A, David-Olawade AC. Prevalence and predictors of bullying among in-school adolescents in Nigeria. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1329-1341. [PMID: 37293132 PMCID: PMC10244694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As an emerging significant public health issue affecting many students globally, school bullying is a threat that should not be disregarded. While several published studies have focused on bullying in developed countries, very little is known about the prevalence and predictors of bullying in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of bullying in secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 621 in-school adolescents using a multistage random sampling technique. The 40-item Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) was utilized for data collection. The chi-squared test, Fisher's test, and binomial logistic regression analysis were utilized to examine associations between variables at 5% level of significance. Results Approximately half of the respondents (51.9%) had experienced at least one type of bullying, while 173 (27.9%) reported themselves as bullies. The most common type of bullying was physical bullying in different forms (belonging taken/stolen-68.3%; kicked, pushed or locked indoor-52.2%; threatened-47.8%), while the most common location of bullying was the classroom in the absence of a teacher (75%); the perpetrators were reported by the majority (58.3%) to be classmates. Respondents in junior classes were 1.61-fold more likely to be bullied than those in senior classes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.60; confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-2.24), those who live in rural areas were 1.75-fold more likely to be bullied than urban cities (AOR: 0.45; CI: 0.58-1.80), and those who were frequently beaten by their parents were 2.28-fold more likely to be bullies than those who were not beaten (AOR: 2.16; CI: 1.33-3.52). Furthermore, the act of bullying others was significantly associated with family monthly income (p = 0.01). Conclusion Owing to the prevalence and predictors of bullying reported in this study, we recommend that policies should be implemented in schools to protect the most affected and vulnerable groups from being victims of school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella G. Ighaede-Edwards
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqun Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David B. Olawade
- Center for Population and Reproductive Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Ling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Aderonke Odetayo
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
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Ren P, Liu B, Xiong X, Chen J, Luo F. The longitudinal relationship between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms for middle school students: A cross-lagged panel network analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:42-51. [PMID: 37572700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research about the relationship between bullying victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms was mostly based on latent variable modeling. This study, instead, applied item-level analysis to explore the cross-sectional relationship and longitudinal development between bullying victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms with network models. METHODS This study used Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and Children's Depression Inventory to collect data. A total of 1911 middle school students (55.2 % female; Mage = 12.98 ± 0.60 at T1) completed measures on four occasions at 6-month intervals. Nine network analysis models were employed to better understand the relationship between variables. RESULTS (1) "Being threatened or intimidated" was the most influential bullying behavior within bullying victimization items; (2) "being excluded", "being spoken ill of" and "negative mood" were the bridge items between bullying victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms; (3) the most influential bullying victimization item on adolescent depressive symptoms was "being robbed or blackmailed" for short-term development and "being excluded" for long-term development. While the most affected depressive symptom by bullying victimization was "anhedonia" for short-term development and "negative mood" for long-term development. LIMITATIONS Self-report measure is adopted for all variables in the study, and there may be some deviation. Due to the questionnaires, the items of bullying behaviors and depressive symptoms included in the network analysis are limited. CONCLUSIONS From the item level, this study found more specific relationships between bullying victimization and adolescent depressive symptoms. These findings highlight depressed mood and anhedonia are depressive symptoms that should be more paid attention to in clinical intervention for bullying victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Xiong
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, United States of America
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Luo
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing, China.
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Bezerra LLDAL, Alves DLG, Nunes BR, Stelko-Pereira AC, Florêncio RS, Gomes ILV. Anti-Bullying Interventions With an Emphasis on Bystanders: A Scoping Review. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:1036-1044. [PMID: 37336479 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bystanders' role in bullying situations is important, and may exacerbate or minimize the problem. Thus, this article aims to identify the characteristics of anti-bullying programs with an emphasis on bystanders. METHODS This is a scoping review. We included studies that addressed interventions with an emphasis on bystanders, carried out with school children and adolescents, aimed at reducing bullying/cyberbullying and/or increasing defending behavior. Fifteen portals/databases were searched. The selection and extraction processes were carried out through the blind review strategy. The synthesis took place descriptively. RESULTS We found 12 interventions. The most investigated were KiVa (n = 9), STAC (n = 3), and Curriculum-Based Anti-Bullying (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS There are few anti-bullying programs with an emphasis on bystanders, and the majority are universal programs with strategies applied by teachers, giving little attention to parents. Moreover, most of these programs lack a broader mix of anti-bullying strategies. Therefore, we suggest developing anti-bullying programs with multiple components that contain universal, selective, and indicated strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Sampaio Florêncio
- Postgraduate Program Clinical Care in Nursing and Health, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Sellars E, Oliver BR, Bowes L. Children's resilience to sibling victimization: The role of family, peer, school, and neighborhood factors. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37905551 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Although common, little is known about the potential impacts of sibling victimization, and how best to ameliorate these. We explored longitudinal associations between sibling victimization and mental health and wellbeing outcomes, and promotive and risk factors that predicted better or worse outcomes following victimization. Data were from >12,000 participants in the Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal UK birth cohort, who reported on sibling victimization at age 11 and/or 14 years. We identified potential risk and promotive factors at family, peer, school, and neighborhood levels from age 14 data. Mental health and wellbeing outcomes (internalizing and externalizing problems, mental wellbeing, self-harm) were collected at age 17. Results suggested that over and above pre-existing individual and family level vulnerabilities, experiencing sibling victimization was associated with significantly worse mental health and wellbeing. Having no close friends was a risk factor for worse-than-expected outcomes following victimization. Higher levels of school motivation and engagement was a promotive factor for better-than-expected outcomes. This indicates that aspects of the school environment may offer both risk and promotive factors for children experiencing sibling victimization at home. We argue that effective sibling victimization interventions should be extended to include a focus on factors at the school level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Sellars
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bonamy R Oliver
- Department of Psychology and Human Development IOE, UCL's Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Bowes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- INVEST Flagship, University of Turku, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Finland
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Vaillancourt T, Farrell AH, Brittain H, Krygsman A, Vitoroulis I, Pepler D. Bullying before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101689. [PMID: 37690185 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The rates of bullying during the COVID-19 pandemic, a time of unprecedented public health and social restrictions, were compared to earlier times when students attended school in person. Several studies indicated a notable decrease in the prevalence of bullying victimization and perpetration during the pandemic, particularly when online learning was implemented. But studies from countries with fewer social restrictions indicated increases in rates of bullying during the pandemic. Mixed results regarding prevalence rates for some bullying forms (e.g., cyberbullying) were also found. Racialized youth and LGBTQ+ youth reliably reported higher rates of bullying victimization during the pandemic, consistent with pre-pandemic patterns. Reasons for the inconsistencies in findings likely relate to diverse methods, timeframes, and sampling techniques, as well as different experiences with pandemic social restrictions. More longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether bullying involvement did in fact "change" during, compared to before, the pandemic. The findings point to the importance of peer relationships and hint at the potential of increased teacher supervision as a bullying prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ann H Farrell
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Brittain
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Krygsman
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Vitoroulis
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra Pepler
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Somefun O, Theron L, Ungar M. The association between family adversity and youth mental health outcomes. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1333-1347. [PMID: 37335052 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between family adversity and young people's mental health outcomes in communities that experience economic instability has not been well explored in the South African context. Furthermore, the overtime interaction between resilience factors, family adversity, and young people's psychological functioning in African settings, like South Africa, is under-investigated. PURPOSE This study investigates the relationship between family adversity and conduct problems and depression at two-time points in a sample of youths in two South African communities stressed by their dependency on economically volatile oil and gas industries. METHOD This article draws on longitudinal data generated by the Resilient Youth in Stressed Environments (RYSE) study in South Africa, which included 914 and 528 (wave 1 and 3) adolescents and emerging adults (14-27-year-olds; M age = 18.36 years) living in Secunda/eMbalenhle and Sasolburg/Zamdela. Participants were sampled at baseline (wave 1) and 18-24 months later (wave 3). They self-reported experience of community violence, family adversity, resilience-enabling resources, conduct difficulties, and depression symptoms. Regression analyses were used to examine the unadjusted and adjusted association of family adversity on conduct problem and depression. RESULTS About 60% of participants reported high family adversity. Regressions, however, revealed no association between family adversity and conduct problems and depression cross-sectionally and over time. Individual resilience, biological sex, and experience of victimization in the community, however, were associated with conduct difficulty while all three resilience factors were associated with decreased depression among participants. CONCLUSION Our study sheds light on the risk and protective factors for mental health outcomes of adolescents and youths who reside in volatile, turbulent communities and experience ongoing familial challenges. To effectively support the mental well-being of young individuals in such contexts, interventions must consider the potential ambivalence of the resilience factors they aim to strengthen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Somefun
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Linda Theron
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael Ungar
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Hamal M, Kekkonen V, Kraav SL, Kivimäki P, Rissanen ML, Hintikka J, Tolmunen T. Depression and dissociation mediate the association between bullying victimization and self-cutting. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:676-685. [PMID: 37314765 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2222698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization is experienced by more than 10% of children and adolescents worldwide and has been associated with numerous negative mental health consequences, such as depression and dissociation. AIMS We investigated the association between bullying victimization and self-cutting in a Finnish adolescent population and whether depression and dissociation act as mediators in this association. METHODS We used cross-sectional questionnaire data from Finnish students (age 13-18; N = 3345; boys n = 1454; girls n = 1891). Logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS Bullying victimized adolescents were younger, more likely to be afraid to go to school, had fewer friends, felt lonelier, and had a poorer relationship with family members, as well as higher level of depressive and dissociative symptoms compared to non-bullied adolescents. According to logistic regression analysis, the association between bullying and self-cutting remained significant despite all other adjustments besides those for depressive symptoms. In serial mediation analysis, depressive and dissociative symptoms mediated the effect of bullying victimization on self-cutting, regardless of their order in the model. CONCLUSIONS Self-cutting is more common among bullying victimized adolescents than their peers. The association is mediated by depressive and dissociative symptoms. More studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms via which depressive and dissociative symptoms interact with the association between bullying and self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Hamal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Kekkonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Kivimäki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Rissanen
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, South-Eastern University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Hintikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Awhangansi S, Okewole A, Archard PJ, O’Reilly M. Perspective on clinical high-risk for psychosis in Africa. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1226012. [PMID: 37743999 PMCID: PMC10514491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical High Risk for Psychosis has evolved in recent years as a conceptual and clinical entity, representing a shift in focus from the syndromal psychosis state to a recognition of the pre-psychotic state as a period of potential preventive intervention. Much existing evidence has been generated from well-resourced countries, with a more limited body of literature available from Africa and other Majority World countries. Against a backdrop of prevailing systemic challenges, it is necessary to appraise the state of knowledge on Clinical High Risk for Psychosis in Africa. In this perspective article, we cover epidemiology, risk factors, predictors of psychosis conversion, as well as an overview of sociocultural factors, notably stigma, and the barriers to mental health services in African settings. We discuss existing and promising assessment approaches and reflect on preventive and early intervention strategies. We conclude with recommendations including the need for more clinical, longitudinal, and collaborative research anchored in an integrative transdisciplinary approach. We highlight the need for more culturally valid assessment tools and strategies to improve access to and utilization of services while also reducing stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeniran Okewole
- Neuropsychiatric Hospital Aro, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- Pembroke College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philip John Archard
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
- University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle O’Reilly
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
- University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Valdés-Cuervo AA, Yañez-Quijada AI, Parra-Pérez LG, García-Vázquez FI. Community Violence Exposure and Bullying in Mexican Adolescents. The Mediating Role of Moral Emotions. J Genet Psychol 2023; 184:446-460. [PMID: 37498873 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2240397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Community characteristics can explain differences in bullying rates between schools. Underpinned by the social-ecological model, this study examined the relationships among community violence exposure (CVE), moral emotions (guilt and sympathy), and bullying in adolescents. We also explored the moderating role of gender in these relationships. The sample included 915 adolescents (48.6% female and 51.4% male) aged 11-16 (M age = 13.76, SD = 0.82). Students responded to the self-report measures. We used a latent variable structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the relationships between variables. The SEM indicated that CVE was negatively associated with moral emotions (guilt and sympathy) and positively associated with bullying. In addition, CVE had a negative indirect association with bullying through their negative relationship with moral emotions. The structural model is equivalent for both genders, suggesting gender does not moderate these relationships. These findings indicate that CVE are associated with differences in school bullying rates.
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Okobi OE, Egbujo U, Darke J, Odega AS, Okereke OP, Adisa OT, Salawu MA, Kimble R. Association of Bullying Victimization With Suicide Ideation and Attempt Among School-Going Adolescents in Post-conflict Liberia: Findings From the Global School-Based Health Survey. Cureus 2023; 15:e40077. [PMID: 37425537 PMCID: PMC10326865 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background School-based bullying is a global problem that negatively impacts the victims' and perpetrators' health and well-being. There is a paucity of data regarding bullying in schools and its association with suicide behaviors among adolescents in Liberia. Objective The study investigated the impact of bullying victimization on suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts among adolescents in Liberia. It aimed to provide insights into the consequences of bullying victimization on adolescents' mental health regarding their thoughts of self-harm and suicide attempts. Methods The study utilized data from the 2017 Liberia Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) to analyze information on 2744 students between the ages of 11 and 18 years, with 52.4% being males. Prevalence rates of bullying victimization and suicide behaviors were calculated using descriptive statistics. Multiple logistic regressions were used to model the relationship between being bullied and experiencing suicidal behaviors (ideation and attempts). Results Among the 2744 adolescents examined, 20% experienced suicidal thoughts, with about 30% of the adolescents reporting suicide attempts at some point in the year preceding the survey. Within 30 days prior to the survey, the prevalence of bullying victimization was 50%, with 44.9% experiencing frequent victimization (3 or more days). Bullying victimization was significantly linked to increased odds of suicidal ideation with planning (aOR: 1.86; P < 0.001), at least a suicide attempt (aOR: 2.16; P < 0.001), and multiple attempts at suicide (aOR: 2.67; P < 0.001). We also observed that a greater number of days bullied was dose-dependently associated with higher odds for suicide ideation and attempts. Conclusion These findings support and extend those from other developing countries, highlighting the association between school-based bullying and suicidal behaviors. The relatively high prevalence of bullying among adolescents in Liberia underscores the importance of implementing effective anti-bullying policies and suicide prevention strategies in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okelue E Okobi
- Family Medicine, Medficient Health Systems, Laurel, USA
- Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA
| | - Uzoamaka Egbujo
- Internal Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA
| | - Jennifer Darke
- Education, Institute for Teacher Education and Continuing Professional Development (ITECPD), Kumasi, GHA
- Education, University of Education, Winneba, Kumasi, GHA
| | - Amaka S Odega
- Community and Family Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Basseterre, KNA
- Public Health, University of South Wales, Cardiff, GBR
- Family Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, NGA
- Psychiatry, PsycIME, London, CAN
| | | | - Olufunmilola T Adisa
- Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, NGA
| | - Mujeeb A Salawu
- Medicine and Surgery, University of Ilorin College of Health Sciences, Ilorin, NGA
- Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Houston Health department, Houston, USA
| | - Rita Kimble
- Research and Development, University of Maryland, Laurel, USA
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Li L, Jing R, Jin G, Song Y. Longitudinal associations between traditional and cyberbullying victimization and depressive symptoms among young Chinese: A mediation analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106141. [PMID: 36958096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impacts of bullying victimization on psychological health are long-lasting. However, the longitudinal mediating processes of the association between being bullied (traditionally and in a cyber context) and depressive symptoms of Chinese youth remain underexplored, including across the sexes. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the longitudinal association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, including the mediating effects of physical health, healthy lifestyles, sleep quality, and academic achievements. Different pathways from traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimization regarding depressive symptoms were also explored, with a comparison across the sexes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were obtained from the China Education Panel Survey, and ninth graders aged approximately 15 years constituted the baseline cohort. METHODS The baseline data and longitudinal data at two- and five-year follow-ups, respectively, were evaluated to estimate structural equation models. RESULTS Baseline traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimization significantly predicted subsequent depressive symptoms at both follow-ups (P < 0.001). Being bullied also predicted worse healthy lifestyles, poorer sleep quality, and lower academic achievements (P < 0.05), all significantly correlated with the development of depressive symptoms (P < 0.001) regarding both bullying victimizations. Physical health was the mediator of the traditional bullying victimization-depressive symptoms linkage (P < 0.05). Female victims have a relatively higher risk of depression versus male victims, with different mediating pathways from victimization to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strengthen the evidence of a longitudinal association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, provide new explanations for mechanisms of mediation, and highlight the importance of long-term comprehensive mental health interventions for victims of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rize Jing
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhao Jin
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Song
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
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Da Q, Huang J, Peng Z, Chen Y, Li L. Did the prevalence of traditional school bullying increase after COVID-19? Evidence from a two-stage cross-sectional study before and during COVID-19 pandemic. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106256. [PMID: 37262980 PMCID: PMC10213298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has had a range of adverse effects on the behavior and mental health of adolescents globally, including bullying, anxiety and depression. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on the changes of school bullying before and during COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To examine the changes in traditional bullying before and during COVID-19 pandemic and reveal the related risk factors in Shantou, China. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Two samples of secondary school students were collected in 2018 and 2021 in Shantou, respectively. METHODS Bullying history and risk behaviors of students were measured in the past six months. The χ2 test was used to analyze differences in baseline information and bullying types. The binary logistic regression with Forward LR method was used to analyze factors that affect the risk of bullying victimization and perpetration before and during COVID-19. RESULTS A total of 5782 secondary school students were included, 3071 before COVID-19 pandemic and 2711 during COVID-19. The prevalence of different types of victimization and perpetration all increased during COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Boarding, being a lower secondary school student (as opposed to upper secondary school), being male (as opposed to female), drinking, and playing violent video games were shared risk factors for bullying victimization and perpetration. Living in an urban (as opposed to rural and island) was a risk factor for perpetration. Smoking was a risk factor for perpetration. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that the prevalence of bullying victimization as well as perpetration increased during COVID-19. It suggests that we need to pay more attention to traditional school bullying prevention and control in China in the pandemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Da
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Jinyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Huangpu District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhekuan Peng
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yueliang Chen
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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Vigouroux M, Newman G, Amja K, Hovey RB. "He told me my pain was in my head": mitigating testimonial injustice through peer support. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1125963. [PMID: 37283705 PMCID: PMC10239879 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women with disabilities are exposed to sexism and ableism, earn less income, and work in exceptionally challenging conditions compared to women without disabilities and men with or without disabilities. Adolescent girls living with scoliosis may begin experiencing this compounding bias during their encounters with healthcare from the moment they start noticing differences in their bodies. Being significantly more likely than boys to progress to a curve angle where painful treatment such as bracing or spinal fusion surgery is required, adolescent girls living with scoliosis are therefore more likely to experience chronic pain. The long-term impact of pain and pain-related stigma includes lower educational attainments, decreased vocational functionality, and social impairments in adults after having experienced chronic pain in adolescence. Approach In this article, the authors will explore the effects and mechanisms of gender-specific peer support in disrupting this trajectory to adverse outcomes. Through individual interviews consisting of open-ended questions, the researchers gathered narrative data from Curvy Girls members, a community-based peer support group for girls and young women living with scoliosis. The data was analyzed using an applied philosophical hermeneutics approach, with intersectionality and testimonial injustice as their framework. Findings They found that the study participants had their pain narratives reinterpreted by the adults in their lives, including their parents and healthcare practitioners, leading them to question and doubt their own experiences. Discussion These negative outcomes were mitigated through the peer support they received and offered from Curvy Girls. Participants reported having gained confidence and a sense of belonging after they joined this group, allowing them to better cope with their condition more effectively in different facets of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vigouroux
- Department of Integrated Studies in Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Gender, Sexuality and Feminist Studies, Faculty of Arts, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kristina Amja
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Bruce Hovey
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Matias TS, Bacil EDA, Viero VDSF, Vieira YP, da Silva LS, Sá AM, do Amaral CS, Cavazzotto TG. Clustering of Obesogenic Behaviors Associated With Bullying Roles Among 100,794 Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6247-6274. [PMID: 36398924 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221132785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesogenic behaviors have been individually associated with bullying during adolescence. However, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet manifest themselves in synergy and even behavioral profiles in which positive and negative behaviors coexist can be more positively associated with psychosocial outcomes. The present study aimed to analyze the association between clusters of obesogenic behaviors and different bullying roles in Brazilian adolescents. This cross-sectional study used data from the Brazilian School-based Health Survey-PENSE, 2015. A total of 100,794 male and female adolescents of the ninth-grade elementary school participated in the study. Students responded to an electronic questionnaire. Clusters of obesogenic behavior consisted of physical activity, exposure to sedentary behavior, and diet, and the different roles in bullying were: participant, victim, bully, and bully-victim. Binary logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used for data analysis (p < .05). Multiple adjustments and complex sampling procedures were employed. Adolescents in the cluster "Health-promoting sedentary behavior and Diet" had reduced chances of participating in bullying (odds ration [OR] = 0.70; 95% CI [0.64, 0.76]), of being a victim (OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.76-0.99), and being the bully (OR = 0.65; 95% CI [0.59, 0.71]); and those from the cluster "Health-promoting physical activity and Diet" had reduced chances of participating (OR = 0.81; 95% CI [0.76, 0.87]), being a victim of bullying (OR = 0.86; 95% CI [0.76, 0.98]), being the bully (OR = 0.79; 95% CI [0.72, 0.85]), and being a bully-victim (OR = 0.74; 95% CI [0.61, 0.90]), when compared to those from the "health-risk" cluster in the adjusted analysis. Clusters of obesogenic behavior may reduce adolescent bullying: victim, bully, and bully-victim benefit when exposed to healthier behavioral profiles. The school setting must recognize bullying as a problem and therefore simultaneously promote multi-component interventions to tackle physical activity, sedentary behavior, and eating behavior. Outcomes other than obesity should be acknowledged when promoting obesogenic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Sousa Matias
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Brazil
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Eid E, Fekih-Romdhane F, Sarray El Dine A, Malaeb D, Hallit S, Obeid S. Does Problematic Use of Social Network Mediate the Association between Bullying Victimization and Loneliness among Lebanese Adolescents? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10030599. [PMID: 36980157 PMCID: PMC10046980 DOI: 10.3390/children10030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Bullying victimization has been associated with several behavioral outcomes, particularly loneliness. Similarly, an increase in social network use has been identified in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and has been shown to be associated with bullying and loneliness. Investigating the mediating factors of loneliness among bullied adolescents is useful for taking preventive measures in the Lebanese population. This study aims to examine the association between bullying victimization and loneliness among Lebanese adolescents while considering the indirect effect of problematic social network use. (2) Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study, between January and April 2022, that enrolled 379 adolescent Lebanese students (64.9% females, mean age 16.07 ± 1.19 years) who were current residents of Lebanon (15 to 18 years), and were from the five governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North, South and Bekaa). The snowball method was applied to select our sample; an electronic copy of the questionnaire was created using the Google Forms software and an online strategy was designed to collect the data. (3) Results: Negative social comparison and addictive consequences of problematic use of social network mediated the association between bullying victimization and loneliness. Higher bullying victimization was significantly associated with higher negative social comparison and addictive consequences of problematic use of social network, which in turn were significantly associated with more loneliness. Finally, higher bullying victimization was directly significantly associated with more loneliness. (4) Conclusions: Studying the mediating factors of loneliness in bullied adolescents can improve our understanding of this topic, allowing us to propose new interventions to prevent psychological problems in adolescents. Future studies are needed to further clarify the physiological processes that underlie the associations between social triggers and loneliness during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Eid
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Abir Sarray El Dine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Mazraa, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Mazraa, Beirut P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
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Vaillancourt T, Brittain H, Farrell AH, Krygsman A, Vitoroulis I. Bullying involvement and the transition to high school: A brief report. Aggress Behav 2023. [PMID: 36916023 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
School transitions are common educational experiences for children and adolescents and many of them worry about being bullied during this type of major life-changing point. In a sample of 701 Canadians assessed yearly from grade 5 (age 10) to grade 12 (age 18), we examined heterogeneous patterns of bullying involvement while statistically accounting for the transition into high school. Gender differences were also examined. Results indicated that on average, bullying victimization declined over time with a significant drop noted between grade 8 and grade 9 (the transition into high school), with few differences between girls and boys. Bullying perpetration also declined for most students (no gender differences), with a notable drop found at the transition into high school. However, for a subset of adolescents, the transition into high school was accompanied by an increase in bullying perpetration. These varied experiences highlight the need to model heterogeneity when examining the impact of school transitions on bullying, a neglected focus of inquiry to date. Our results suggest that moving into high school is beneficial for most adolescents involved in bullying, but not for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Heather Brittain
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ann H Farrell
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Amanda Krygsman
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Irene Vitoroulis
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Shiba D, Mokwena KE. The Profile of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims and Associated Factors among High School Learners in Tshwane District, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4916. [PMID: 36981822 PMCID: PMC10049035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although bullying in South African schools remains a current public health and education discussion, the view has been limited to acts of criminality, and not much has been done to identify risk factors for being bullying perpetrators and victims in a school environment. This study used a cross sectional quantitative survey to determine the profile of bullying perpetrators and victims among high school learners in a township in Pretoria. The Illinois Bully Scale was used to screen for bullying perpetration and victimization, whilst the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to screen for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively, among the sample of learners. STATA version 14 was used for data analysis. The sample of 460 consisted of 69% females with a mean age of 15 years. The 73.91% of learners who fitted the categories of bullying consisted of 21.96% victims, 9.57% perpetrators, and 42.39% perpetrator-victims. The Pearson Chi2 test of association found a significant association between being a bullying victim and reported lack of people who loved and cared for the learner. Being a bullying perpetrator was associated with anxiety symptoms of the learner and home alcohol use, while being a perpetrator -victim was associated with lack of family love and care, the school attended, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. Using multivariate logistic regression, being a perpetrator-victim was associated with depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and home use of alcohol whilst being a perpetrator was associated with lack of anxiety symptoms. The study concluded that anxiety, depression, and the home environment are strongly associated with bullying, and most learners fitted the category of being both perpetrators and victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudu Shiba
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Kebogile Elizabeth Mokwena
- Substance Abuse and Population Mental Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
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Social indicators with serious injury and school bullying victimization in vulnerable adolescents aged 12-15 years: Data from the Global School-Based Student Survey. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:469-476. [PMID: 36608851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence rates of injury and bullying victimization in adolescents are continuing to rise; however, little is known about the influence of social determinants, especially for vulnerable adolescents. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of serious injury and bullying victimization in vulnerable adolescents with mental health issues or poor social support and examine the associations between social indicators and these two outcomes. METHOD We used the most recent datasets from the Global School-based Student Health Survey, and vulnerable adolescents aged 12-15 years from 54 countries were included. The pooled overall and regional estimates were obtained by random-effects models. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted association between five common social indicators and the two outcomes. Dose-response association was estimated by using a restricted cubic spline. RESULTS The prevalence rates of serious injury and bullying victimization were high in vulnerable adolescents, with apparent variation between regions and countries. The pooled prevalence of serious injury ranged from 45.10 % to 50.11 %, whereas the pooled prevalence of bullying victimization ranged from 35.54 % to 45.21 %. Social indicators of national wealth, health status, income and gender inequality were significantly associated with the prevalence of serious injury and bullying victimization in vulnerable adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Serious injury and school bullying victimization are prevalent in vulnerable adolescents aged 12-15 years. Social indicators were prominent associated factors of serious injury and bullying victimization in vulnerable adolescents. The results emphasize the importance of social environment when developing intervention measures to address injury and bullying among disadvantaged teenagers.
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Children’s perspective on fears connected to school transition and intended coping strategies. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-023-09759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe transition from primary to secondary school comes with major changes in the lives of children. There is a shortage of in-depth analyses of young people’s perspectives concerning their fears and strategies to address these. This qualitative study aims to gain first-hand understanding of children’s fears and the intended coping strategies used during school transition. Data from 52 workshops were analysed, with a total of 896 students (M age = 10.40, SD = .839) in lower Austria. First, in the classroom setting, a vignette story about a child facing fears about school transition from primary to secondary school was developed with pupils in a brainstorming session. This was followed by self-selected small group discussions, where pupils proposed strategies to help cope with these fears. A thematic analysis was carried out. Major thematic clusters distinguished between four types of fears: peer victimisation, being alone, victimisation by authority figures, and academic failure. Three additional thematic clusters described strategies for countering the fears: enacting supportive networks, personal emotion regulation, and controlling behaviour. In addition to these connected clusters, two further themes were identified: strategy outcomes and consequences, i.e., personal experiences with using specific strategies, and the discussion of participants about contradictions and questionable usefulness of identified strategy outcomes. In conclusion, the children in our study reported more social fears as compared to academic fears. Children seem reasonably competent at naming and identifying strategies; however, maladaptive strategies, as well as controversies within the described strategies may indicate a lack of certainty and competence at engaging with these strategies on a practical level.
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Sabah A, Aljaberi MA, Lin CY, Chen HP. The Associations between Sibling Victimization, Sibling Bullying, Parental Acceptance-Rejection, and School Bullying. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316346. [PMID: 36498416 PMCID: PMC9739229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bullying has been identified as the most common form of aggression experienced by school-age youth. However, it is still unclear about the family's influence on school bullying. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the associations between sibling bullying and school bullying, sibling victimization and school victimization, and parental acceptance-rejection and school bullying victimization. The study was cross-sectional and conducted on a sample of students aged between 11 and 20 years recruited from middle schools in Algeria. The study used a survey adopted from the scale of Sibling Bullying, Student Survey of Bullying Behavior-Revised 2, and the Survey of parental acceptance-rejection in collecting the data. The model's results assessing the association between sibling bullying and school bullying demonstrated that the effect of sibling physical and sibling verbal victims on school victimization was statistically significant. Despite the non-significant effect of sibling emotional victims on school victimization, the effect of sibling physical and sibling verbal bullying on school bullying was statistically significant. However, the effect of sibling emotional bullying on school bullying was not statistically significant. The direct effect of parental acceptance on school victimization was not statistically significant, whereas the effect of parental rejection on school victimization was statistically significant. The direct effect of parental acceptance on school bullying was not statistically significant, while the effect of parental rejection on school bullying was statistically significant. Based on the results, this study provides insights into the understanding of how the family and siblings contribute to school bullying. In particular, sibling victimization, sibling bullying, and parental acceptance-rejection are predictive factors of school bullying among adolescents. Future research should take into account factors based on family to explore the risks of school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiche Sabah
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Chlef 02076, Algeria
| | - Musheer A. Aljaberi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz 6803, Yemen
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia
- Faculty of Nursing and Applied Sciences, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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40
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Biswas T, Thomas HJ, Scott JG, Munir K, Baxter J, Huda MM, Renzaho AM, Cross D, Ahmed HU, Mahumud RA, Mamun AA. Variation in the prevalence of different forms of bullying victimisation among adolescents and their associations with family, peer and school connectedness: a population-based study in 40 lower and middle income to high-income countries (LMIC-HICs). JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1029-1039. [PMID: 36439674 PMCID: PMC9684371 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different forms of bullying victimization experiences and their association with family functioning, peer relationships and school connectedness among adolescents across 40 lower and middle income to high-income countries (LMIC-HICs). Data were drawn from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) school-based survey of adolescents aged 11-15 years, between 2013 and 2014. We estimated the weighted prevalence by categorising experiences into traditional bullying victimization only, cyberbullying victimization only, and combined traditional and cyberbullying victimization, at country and country income classification. We used multinominal logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted association with the form of bullying victimization by demographic characteristics, family functioning, peer relationships and school connectedness. Overall, 8.0% reported traditional bullying victimization only (8.8% males, 7.4% females), 2.3% of adolescents reported cyberbullying victimization only (2.1% males, 2.2% females), and 1.7% reported combined traditional and cyber bullying victimization (1.7% males, 1.8% females). All three forms of bullying victimization during adolescence were significantly associated with poor family functioning, poor peer relations and poor school connectedness. A consistent finding is that traditional bullying victimization is considerably more common among adolescents across both LMICs and HICs than cyberbullying victimization. This study also demonstrated that a significant proportion of adolescent's experience victimization in both forms. Positive family functioning, strong peer relationships and greater school connectedness are associated with a lower risk of both forms of bullying victimization. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-022-00451-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Biswas
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, 4068 Indooroopilly, Queensland Australia
| | - Hannah J. Thomas
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - James G. Scott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Kerim Munir
- Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Janeen Baxter
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M. Mamun Huda
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andre M.N. Renzaho
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, 2751 Penrith, NSW Australia
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, Australia
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- Child Adolescent and Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, 2751 Penrith, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, 2751 Penrith, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 4350 Toowoomba, QLD Australia
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Gizzarelli E, Burns S, Francis J. School staff responses to student reports of bullying: A scoping review. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 34:508-517. [PMID: 36436208 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Bullying in schools has been associated with poor academic and mental health outcomes in students. While students are often encouraged to report bullying incidents to school staff, some students avoid reporting incidents as they lack faith in staff members' ability to intervene. This scoping review explored what is known about: staff responses to student reports of bullying; individual and school factors influencing staff responses; and strategies to improve staff responses when students report bullying incidents. METHODS Articles published between 2000 and 2021 were identified from six databases: ProQuest, EMBASE, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Taylor & Francis. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in the final review. Three studies explored staff responses to student reports of bullying, while 12 studies examined responses to observed or hypothetical bullying incidents. Staff responses to student reports of bullying included no response, as well as responses addressing bullying targets, perpetrators, peers, and the school and wider community. Staff preparedness was a predictor of staff involvement following bullying incidents. Strategies to improve staff responses included whole-school antibullying programs and training to increase staff efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Few studies have examined real-life responses to student reports of bullying, with most addressing staff responses to hypothetical bullying incidents. Professional development and preservice education for school staff should address responses to student reports of bullying. SO WHAT?: Further research is needed to understand staff responses to real-life student reports of bullying. Addressing individual and school factors influencing staff responses may ultimately prevent bullying behaviour in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gizzarelli
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Pineda D, Rico-Bordera P, Martínez-Martínez A, Galán M, Piqueras JA. Dark tetrad personality traits also play a role in bullying victimization. Front Psychol 2022; 13:984744. [PMID: 36312177 PMCID: PMC9616045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying refers to physical and/or psychological mistreatment or abuse by one individual or group toward another individual or group. Bullying is widespread in our society and carries considerable negative consequences. This phenomenon is caused by multiple factors, which include personality. Much more attention has been paid to the study of the perpetrators' negative personality traits than the victims. Several studies have examined the relationship between these traits—the Dark Triad or Dark Tetrad—and being a victim of bullying (or mobbing) in adults, especially in the workplace. However, only two studies have been located that have studied these relationships in adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between being a victim of bullying and the ark Tetrad traits, delving into the specific contribution of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism in victims of bullying in Spanish adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out by administering the Short Dark Triad, the Assessment of Sadistic Personality, and the Peer Bullying Questionnaire to 393 adolescents aged 12–18 years (M = 14.18; SD = 2.52; 53.7% male). The Dark Tetrad traits predicted the victimization variables in the seven models analyzed, with the verbal abuse model being the model with the largest contribution. Of the four dark traits, sadism stands out as the trait with the highest specific contribution. Our results indicate, despite not implying a causal relationship, that those people with high scores in the Dark Tetrad traits tend to be more victimized by bullying. Knowing the personality traits of the bullying perpetrators and their victims, practitioners will have a complete picture of the personality variables that play a role in preventing bullying and its associated victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pineda
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Pilar Rico-Bordera
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Martínez
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Martínez-Martínez
| | - Manuel Galán
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A. Piqueras
- Forensic Psychology Unit, Department of Health Psychology, Centre of Applied Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
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Sitthi N, In-Iw S, Theppiban S, Manaboriboon B. Cyberbullying Among Adolescents with Chronic Illnesses in Thailand: Prevalence and Relationship with Health-Risk Behaviors. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e533-e540. [PMID: 35858117 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social media may enhance the quality of life in adolescents living with chronic illnesses but may increase the risk of cyberbullying. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents with chronic illnesses and relationship with health-risk behaviors. METHODS This is an online survey of randomly recruited adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with chronic illness managed at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, during 2019 to 2020. Participants were asked to respond anonymously to validated online questionnaires to evaluate health-risk behaviors, experience with cyberbullying, and depression-screening questions. RESULTS Three hundred forty-one participants with a mean age of 15.02 ± 2.17 years (interquartile range 12.8, 17.2) responded. Reported risk behaviors included sexual activity in 42 participants (12.3%) with almost half (47.6%) having practiced unsafe sex. Alcohol drinking and polysubstance use were also found in 8.5% and 1.2%, respectively. 38 (11.1%) felt depressed within the previous 2-week period. 56 (16.4%) had been a cyberbully victim. Among the victims, 25 (44.6%) were also cyberbullies themselves. Chronically ill adolescents were more likely to be a victim of cyberbullying if they knew someone who had also been a victim (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.25 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.80-15.29], p < 0.001) or had a positive depression screening (aOR 6.182 [95% CI = 2.41-15.85], p < 0.001). Underlying diseases, age, sex, risky behaviors, and time spent online were not associated with being cyberbullied. CONCLUSION Thai adolescents with chronic illness were similar to their healthy peers regarding health-risk behaviors and the likelihood of being a victim of cyberbullying. Screening for risky behaviors, evidence of depression, and online activity during routine medical visits was an opportunity to prevent cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapong Sitthi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Biswas T, Townsend N, Huda MM, Maravilla J, Begum T, Pervin S, Ghosh A, Mahumud RA, Islam S, Anwar N, Rifhat R, Munir K, Gupta RD, Renzaho AM, Khusun H, Wiradnyani LAA, Radel T, Baxter J, Rawal LB, McIntyre D, Mørkrid K, Mamun A. Prevalence of multiple non-communicable diseases risk factors among adolescents in 140 countries: A population-based study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101591. [PMID: 36016694 PMCID: PMC9396043 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifiable non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors are becoming increasingly common among adolescents, with clustering of these risk factors in individuals of particular concern. The aim of this study was to assess global status of clustering of common modifiable NCD risk factors among adolescents. METHODS We used latest available data from nationally representative survey for 140 countries, namely the Global School-based Student Health Survey, the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children and the longitudinal study of Australian Children. Weighted mean estimates of prevalence with corresponding 95% confidence intervals of nine NCD risk factors - physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, insufficient fruits and vegetable consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, fast food consumption, tobacco use, alcohol consumption and overweight/obesity - were calculated by country, region and sex. FINDINGS Over 487,565 adolescents, aged 11-17 years, were included in this study. According to trend analysis, prevalence of four or more NCD risk factors increased gradually over time. Prevalence of four or more NCD risk factors was 14.8% in 2003-2007 and increased to 44% in 2013-2017, an approximately three-fold increase (44.0%). Similar trends were also observed for three and two risk factors. Large variation between countries in the prevalence of adolescents with four or more risk factors was found in all regions. The country level range was higher in the South-East Asia Region (minimum Sri Lanka = 8%, maximum Myanmar = 84%) than Western Pacific Region (minimum China = 3%, maximum Niue = 72%), European Region (minimum Sweden = 13.9%, maximum Ireland = 66.0%), African Region (minimum Senegal = 0.8%, maximum Uganda = 82.1%) and Eastern Mediterranean Region (minimum Libya = 0.2%, maximum Lebanon = 80.2%). Insufficient vegetable consumption, insufficient fruit consumption and physically inactivity were three of the four most prevalent risk factors in all regions. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest a high prevalence of four or more NCD risk factors in adolescents globally, although variation was found between countries. Results from our study indicate that efforts to reduce adolescent NCD risk factors and the associated health burden need to be improved. These findings can assist policy makers to target the rollout of country- specific interventions. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Biswas
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- UQ Poche Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author at: UQ Poche Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nick Townsend
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - M. Mamun Huda
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- UQ Poche Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joemer Maravilla
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Nursing, Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Tahmina Begum
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- UQ Poche Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonia Pervin
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arpita Ghosh
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Novera Anwar
- Institute of Health Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rukaiya Rifhat
- Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1, Bangladesh
| | - Kerim Munir
- Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajat Das Gupta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Andre M.N. Renzaho
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helda Khusun
- SEAMEO Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (RECFON) - Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional Universitas Indonesia (PKGR UI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luh Ade Ari Wiradnyani
- SEAMEO Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (RECFON) - Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional Universitas Indonesia (PKGR UI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tim Radel
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janeen Baxter
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lal B. Rawal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Australia
| | - David McIntyre
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Science and Sustainability, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Australia
| | - Kjersti Mørkrid
- Mater Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- UQ Poche Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Mounts NS. Introduction to the Special Issue: Peer Relationships across Diverse Ethnic, Racial, and Cultural Contexts. J Genet Psychol 2022; 183:359-363. [DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina S. Mounts
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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Käld E, Beckman L, Eapen V, Lin PI. Exploring Potential Modifiers of the Association Between Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Risk of Bullying Exposure. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:940-941. [PMID: 35666516 PMCID: PMC9171653 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This survey study examines data from the National Survey of Children’s Health to determine which sociodemographic factors might modify the association between neurodevelopmental disorders and being bullied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Käld
- School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Beckman
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ping-I Lin
- Mental Health Research Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, Australia
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Sarala M, Miettunen J, Alakokkare AE, Mustonen A, Scott JG, Thomas HJ, Hurtig T, Niemelä S. Substance use confounds associations between peer victimization and aggression in adolescence with mental disorders in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study. J Adolesc 2022; 94:996-1007. [PMID: 35880723 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peer victimization and aggression in adolescence are associated with later mental health morbidity. However, studies examining this association have not controlled for adolescent substance use. We aimed to study the associations between peer victimization, peer aggression, and mental disorders in adulthood, adjusting for substance use in adolescence. METHODS Participants were from the prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Data were available for 6682 individuals (70.8% of the original sample). Peer victimization and peer aggression were assessed with items from the Achenbach Youth Self Report at ages 15-16 years. Outcomes were nonorganic psychosis, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, substance use disorder, and any mental disorder (a none-vs-any indicator) at age 33 years collected from nationwide health care, insurance, and pension registers. Family structure, alcohol intoxication frequency, daily smoking, illicit drug use, and baseline psychopathology using Youth Self-Report total score, and parental mental disorders were considered as confounding factors. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, the association between peer victimization and psychosis (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-6.9, p = .020) and mood disorder (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.4, p = .012) in females remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Other associations between female and male peer victimization or aggression and the studied outcomes attenuated after adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Some associations between peer victimization and aggression and later mental health morbidity are explained by adolescent substance use. For females, substance use does not account for the increased risk of psychosis and mood disorder in those who experience peer victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Sarala
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anni-Emilia Alakokkare
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - James G Scott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah J Thomas
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry Unit, Hospital District of South-West Finland, Turku, Finland
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Testing Pathways Linking Socioeconomic Status, Academic Performance, and Cyberbullying Victimization to Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms in South Korean Middle and High Schools. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhu Q, Cheong Y, Wang C. Relation Between Peer Victimization and Mental Health Among Chinese Students: Perceived School Climate and Covitality as Potential Moderators. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2088250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chiu H, Vargo EJ. Bullying and other risk factors related to adolescent suicidal behaviours in the Philippines: a look into the 2011 GSHS Survey. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:445. [PMID: 35787791 PMCID: PMC9251019 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The present study retrospectively examined gender differences in bullying and suicidal behaviour (ideation, plan, and attempts) as well as associations between selected risk factors and suicidal behaviour among secondary school Filipino students. METHODS The study used a secondary data set from the GSHS developed by the World Health Organization, which was conducted in the Philippines in 2011. Participants included 5290 Filipino students (male N = 2279, female N = 2986). A two-tailed Chi-square of independence was used to test for gender differences and a multivariate logistic regression model explored statistical associations between risk factors and outcome variables. RESULTS Chi-square results suggested that gender differences were statistically significant for being bullied χ2 (1, N = 2384) = 10.6, p = .001, experiencing suicidal ideation χ2 (1, N = 857) = 61.7, p = .000, making suicide plans χ2 (1, N = 590) = 10.2, p = .001, and suicide attempts χ2 (1, N = 674) = 8.4, p = .004, with females showing higher vulnerability to examined risk factors. The logistic regression model also suggested that adolescents claiming to have no close friends were three to four times more likely to attempt suicide. Other strong predictors of suicidal behaviours were loneliness and getting in trouble due to alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Bullying is an independent yet, not the strongest predictor associated with adolescents' suicidal behaviour in the present study. The strongest predictors of Filipino adolescents' suicidal behaviours in the 2011 cohort included having no close friends, loneliness, anxiety and getting in trouble due to alcohol use among both genders. Peer and mental health support programmes need to be made available and accessible for adolescents in the Philippines. Considering the increase in suicide rates in 2020/2021 among Filipino young adults due to the Coronavirus pandemic, it is suggested that preventing suicidal vulnerability in adolescence can hinder this occurrence later on in the lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Chiu
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London,, Uxbridge, UK
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