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Davey SA, Hampson C, Christodoulaki ME, Gaffiero D. Investigating the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine decision-making among parents of children aged 5-11 in the UK. Vaccine 2024; 42:126021. [PMID: 38876837 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the pivotal role of vaccination in public health, particularly considering emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 variants. While priority has been given to immunising vulnerable populations, children remain a significant unvaccinated group, prompting NHS England to include them in their new vaccination strategy. The role parents play in child healthcare decisions, specifically regarding COVID-19 vaccination, is crucial, and the Health Belief Model (HBM) provides a framework for understanding parental vaccination behaviour. METHODS To investigate the predictors influencing parental decision-making for COVID-19 vaccination in children aged 5-11, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst parents (n = 206) living in the UK aged > 18, with one or more children aged 5-11. The present study measured HBM constructs, demographic factors, vaccine hesitancy and vaccine decision-making self-efficacy. Binomial logistic regression was used to analyse the responses of 206 participants using the child vaccination status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated) as the outcome variable. FINDINGS The regression model significantly predicted child vaccination status, identifying perceived barriers, cues to action and parent age as significant predictors. Higher cues to action and older parent age increased the likelihood of child vaccination, while greater perceived barriers decreased it. The model achieved 80.8 % overall accuracy by correctly identifying 87.6 % of vaccinated cases and 69.4 % of unvaccinated cases, demonstrating high accuracy in predicting parental vaccination decisions. CONCLUSION The present study contributes to our understanding of the factors shaping parental decision-making regarding COVID-19 child vaccination, highlighting the impact of perceived barriers, cues to action and parent age. Future public health campaigns should address the specific barriers faced by parents, emphasise external cues to action and tailor messaging to acknowledge age-related differences in parental vaccine decision-making. By addressing the aforementioned factors influencing parental behaviour regarding child vaccination, future interventions can increase the number of children vaccinated against COVID-19, preventing transmission, protecting from severe illness and contributing to the NHS vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Davey
- Department of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Claire Hampson
- Department of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | | | - Daniel Gaffiero
- Department of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK.
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Brown MF, Cheruvu VK, VanGeest JB, Smith TC, Langkamp DL. COVID-19 Vaccination Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Test of the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior and the Health Belief Model. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024:99228241258926. [PMID: 39254001 DOI: 10.1177/00099228241258926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
This study purpose was to test the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior (TMIB) in predicting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Data from an anonymous online survey were collected. Clusters of risk perceptions of infection were identified using Latent Class Analysis, and predictive values of TMIB and HBM factors were evaluated using logistic regression models. Response rate was 30% (468 participants). There was a combined significant effect of TMIB model components (habitual health behavior, intention, and facilitation conditions) on having received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Having received influenza vaccine in the past 12 months was associated with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived vaccination benefits, and perceived risks of infection were associated with vaccine receipt; however, the HBM model performed inadequately. The HBM is commonly used in vaccine acceptance research; however, the TMIB may be more effective among AYAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miraides F Brown
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Vinay K Cheruvu
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | | | - Tara C Smith
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Diane L Langkamp
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
- NeuroDevelopmental Science Center, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
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3
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Sasse K, Mahabir R, Gkountouna O, Crooks A, Croitoru A. Understanding the determinants of vaccine hesitancy in the United States: A comparison of social surveys and social media. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301488. [PMID: 38843170 PMCID: PMC11156396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted governments worldwide to implement a range of containment measures, including mass gathering restrictions, social distancing, and school closures. Despite these efforts, vaccines continue to be the safest and most effective means of combating such viruses. Yet, vaccine hesitancy persists, posing a significant public health concern, particularly with the emergence of new COVID-19 variants. To effectively address this issue, timely data is crucial for understanding the various factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. While previous research has largely relied on traditional surveys for this information, recent sources of data, such as social media, have gained attention. However, the potential of social media data as a reliable proxy for information on population hesitancy, especially when compared with survey data, remains underexplored. This paper aims to bridge this gap. Our approach uses social, demographic, and economic data to predict vaccine hesitancy levels in the ten most populous US metropolitan areas. We employ machine learning algorithms to compare a set of baseline models that contain only these variables with models that incorporate survey data and social media data separately. Our results show that XGBoost algorithm consistently outperforms Random Forest and Linear Regression, with marginal differences between Random Forest and XGBoost. This was especially the case with models that incorporate survey or social media data, thus highlighting the promise of the latter data as a complementary information source. Results also reveal variations in influential variables across the five hesitancy classes, such as age, ethnicity, occupation, and political inclination. Further, the application of models to different MSAs yields mixed results, emphasizing the uniqueness of communities and the need for complementary data approaches. In summary, this study underscores social media data's potential for understanding vaccine hesitancy, emphasizes the importance of tailoring interventions to specific communities, and suggests the value of combining different data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuleen Sasse
- Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ron Mahabir
- Geographic Data Science Lab, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Gkountouna
- Geographic Data Science Lab, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Crooks
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Arie Croitoru
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
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Doucette EJ, Ricketson L, Tarannum T, Alatorre I, Gray J, Constantinescu C, Kuhn S, Dunn JKE, Kellner JD. COVID-19 vaccine confidence, concerns, and uptake in children aged 5 and older in Calgary, Alberta: a longitudinal cohort study. Paediatr Child Health 2024; 29:150-157. [PMID: 38827369 PMCID: PMC11141603 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Beginning early in the pandemic, there was a worldwide effort to develop effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Before and after the approval and implementation of vaccines, there were concerns about their need as well as their safety and rapid development. We explored child demographic characteristics and parental concerns to identify factors associated with the decision to vaccinate. Methods A cohort of 1035 children from Calgary was assembled in 2020 to participate in 5 visits every 6 months for survey completion and blood sampling for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Visits 1 to 2 occurred before approval of vaccines for children; Visits 3 to 5 occurred after vaccine approval for different age groups. We described vaccine concerns and utilized logistic regression to examine factors associated with the decision to vaccinate in children ≥5 years of age. Results Children ≥12 years of age, of non-white or non-black ethnicity, and who had received previous influenza vaccines had higher odds of being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Children with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection had lower odds of being vaccinated. The most common concerns in early 2021 were about vaccine safety. By summer 2022, the most common concern was a belief that vaccines were not necessary. Through the study 88% of children were vaccinated. Conclusions Age, ethnicity, previous infections, and vaccine attitudes were associated with parental decision to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2. For children who remained unvaccinated, parents continued to have safety concerns and questioned the necessity of the vaccine. Complacency about the need for vaccination may be more challenging to address and overcome than concerns about safety alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Doucette
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leah Ricketson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tarannum Tarannum
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isabella Alatorre
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joslyn Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cora Constantinescu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Kuhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica K E Dunn
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James D Kellner
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Vameghi M, Saatchi M, Bahrami G, Soleimani F, Takaffoli M. How did we protect children against COVID-19 in Iran? Prevalence of COVID-19 and vaccination in the socio-economic context of COVID-19 epidemic. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303043. [PMID: 38722835 PMCID: PMC11081304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant risks to children worldwide. This study aimed to assess the COVID-19 protection status of children and explored the relationship between household socio-economic status and COVID-19 morbidity and preventive measures, including vaccination and mask-wearing, in two cities in Iran. METHOD A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to October 2022 among 7 to 18-year-old children and their families in Tehran and Karaj. A total of 3,022 samples were selected using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected through interviews with children and adults, using questionnaires and was analyzed with Stata software version 14. RESULTS The analysis focused on 2,878 children with a median age of 12. Over half (54%) reported that the pandemic negatively affected their family's financial status, with 45% describing its impact on children's needs as negative or very negative. Just under 50% of respondents consistently wore masks during the study period, and around 54% had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Reasons for not getting vaccinated included concerns about side effects, ineligibility for the target age group, and overcrowding at vaccination sites. The odds of not getting vaccinated were significantly lower for children aged 15-18, with boys more likely to refuse vaccination than girls. CONCLUSION The financial impact of the pandemic in Iran affected families' ability to meet their children's needs. Moreover, low vaccination acceptance rates increased children's vulnerability to health problems and contributed to COVID-19 infections. Efforts should be made to increase vaccination acceptance, particularly among immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meroe Vameghi
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saatchi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Bahrami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farin Soleimani
- Paediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Takaffoli
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aldridge SJ, Agrawal U, Murphy S, Millington T, Akbari A, Almaghrabi F, Anand SN, Bedston S, Goudie R, Griffiths R, Joy M, Lowthian E, de Lusignan S, Patterson L, Robertson C, Rudan I, Bradley DT, Lyons RA, Sheikh A, Owen RK. Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2363. [PMID: 38491011 PMCID: PMC10943015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people (CYP) can lead to life-threatening COVID-19, transmission within households and schools, and the development of long COVID. Using linked health and administrative data, we investigated vaccine uptake among 3,433,483 CYP aged 5-17 years across all UK nations between 4th August 2021 and 31st May 2022. We constructed national cohorts and undertook multi-state modelling and meta-analysis to identify associations between demographic variables and vaccine uptake. We found that uptake of the first COVID-19 vaccine among CYP was low across all four nations compared to other age groups and diminished with subsequent doses. Age and vaccination status of adults living in the same household were identified as important risk factors associated with vaccine uptake in CYP. For example, 5-11 year-olds were less likely to receive their first vaccine compared to 16-17 year-olds (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 0.10 (95%CI: 0.06-0.19)), and CYP in unvaccinated households were less likely to receive their first vaccine compared to CYP in partially vaccinated households (aHR: 0.19, 95%CI 0.13-0.29).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Aldridge
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Utkarsh Agrawal
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Siobhán Murphy
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Ashley Akbari
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Sneha N Anand
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart Bedston
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rosalind Goudie
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rowena Griffiths
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mark Joy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily Lowthian
- Department of Education and Childhood Studies, School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lynsey Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
- Public Health Agency, Belfast, UK
| | - Chris Robertson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Declan T Bradley
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
- Public Health Agency, Belfast, UK
| | - Ronan A Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rhiannon K Owen
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
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Ivanov A, Mukherjee UK, Bose S, Seshadri S, Watkins R, England AC, Suriano J, Ahsen ME, Souyris S. COVID-19 test-to-stay program for K-12 schools: Opt-in versus opt-out consent model. iScience 2024; 27:108770. [PMID: 38261919 PMCID: PMC10797182 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention promoted the Test-to-Stay (TTS) program to facilitate in-person instruction in K-12 schools during COVID-19. This program delineates guidelines for schools to regularly test students and staff to minimize risks of infection transmission. TTS enrollment can be implemented via two different consent models: opt-in, in which students do not test regularly by default, and the opposite, opt-out model. We study the impacts of the two enrollment approaches on testing and positivity rates with data from 259 schools in Illinois. Our results indicate that after controlling for other covariates, schools following the opt-out model are associated with 84% higher testing rate and 30% lower positivity rate. If all schools adopted the opt-out model, 20% of the total lost school days could have been saved. The lower positivity rate among the opt-out group is largely explained by the higher testing rate in these schools, a manifestation of status quo bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ivanov
- Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
| | - Ujjal Kumar Mukherjee
- Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
- Health Innovation Professor Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Subhonmesh Bose
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
| | - Sridhar Seshadri
- Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
- Health Innovation Professor Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Ronald Watkins
- Shield Illinois, University of Illinois System, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Suriano
- Shield Illinois, University of Illinois System, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
| | - Mehmet Eren Ahsen
- Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
- Health Innovation Professor Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Sebastian Souyris
- Lally School of Management, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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McKinley CJ, Limbu Y. Promoter or barrier? Assessing how social media predicts Covid-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: A systematic review of primary series and booster vaccine investigations. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116378. [PMID: 38042027 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prior research indicates that social media is primarily a negative contributor to Covid-19 vaccine outcomes. OBJECTIVE The current systematic review of Covid-19 primary series and booster vaccine investigations provides a more nuanced and comprehensive assessment of this association by exploring a) how distinct social media judgments and actions predict different vaccine-related outcomes - perceptions and intentions/uptake, b) both primary series and booster findings, c) types of social media, and d) comparisons across different populations. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of published research examining the link between social media and COVID-19 vaccine outcomes - judgments, intentions, and uptake. Overall, we identified 113 published articles. RESULTS The findings reveal complex associations between distinct social media predictors and these outcomes. The most consistent negative relationships emerge within studies looking at 'social media as an information source,' 'trust', and 'general social media use/passive exposure' as predictors of less favorable vaccine judgments and intentions/uptake. Conversely, studies focused on 'information seeking' indicate more mixed results. Among the few booster investigations, there are more positive than negative associations between social media predictors and Covid-19 vaccine intentions. Across different social media platforms and sample populations, social media was a less robust/consistent negative predictor of COVID-19 judgments and intentions. CONCLUSIONS While social media can contribute to more negative COVID-19 vaccine judgments and motivations, the consistency of this relationship may vary across populations, the platforms users access, and the nature of exposure. Overall, social media campaigns promoting COVID-19 vaccines should employ distinct strategies to target those individuals that value social media as an information resource.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yam Limbu
- School of Business at Montclair State University, USA
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9
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Bateyi Mustafa SH, Kabamba M, Onyango RO. Determinants of parents' intention to vaccinate their children aged 12-17 years against COVID-19 in North Kivu (Democratic Republic of Congo). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2179788. [PMID: 36864602 PMCID: PMC10026875 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2179788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents are facing tremendous stress in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination program for children. We aimed to investigate parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in North Kivu province, (Democratic Republic of Congo). A cross-sectional survey between 1 December 2021 to 20 January 2022 in six health zones (Goma, Karisimbi, Butembo, Beni, Kamango, and Katwa) was conducted in the province of North Kivu. In each health zone, we selected five clusters (Health area) using the method of probabilistic selection proportional to population size. In total, 522 parents participated in our study. Results: Overall, 32.8% of parents intended to vaccinate their children. In the multivariate analysis, a younger age of parents (aOR: 2.40, CI: [1.50-3.83]), a higher level of fear that "a member of my family" could contract COVID-19 (aOR: 2.35, CI: [1.38-4.02]), a higher level of perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 within the family (aOR: 1.70, CI: [1.005-2.2881]), a higher level of perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 within the family (aOR: 3.07, CI: [1.80-5.23]), and a history of vaccination against COVID-19 among parents (aOR: 16.47, CI: [8.39-32.33]), were all significantly associated with the intention of parents to have their children or adolescents vaccinated. According to the different explanatory factors of the will to have their children vaccinated, an emphasis on the health education of parents who are prone to refusal or hesitation of the vaccine, by addressing the common reasons for the refusal of the vaccine and highlight the vaccine's benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Hans Bateyi Mustafa
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Community Development, Great Lacs University of Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Michel Kabamba
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Rosebella O Onyango
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Community Development, Great Lacs University of Kisumu, Kisumu, Kenya
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10
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Park C, Vagoyan Zabala P, Irene Trisnadi A. COVID-19 vaccine or booster hesitancy among children aged 6 month-5 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years in the United States: An analytic cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102436. [PMID: 37822978 PMCID: PMC10562834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increased accessibility of COVID-19 vaccine, many households have had concerns when vaccinating children, leading to vaccine hesitancy. This study examined the COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitancy among children aged 6 months-5 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years in the United States. We analyzed data from Phase 3.8 (March 1, 2023 to May 8, 2023) of the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) collected by the U.S. Census Bureau. We conducted survey-weighted multiple logistic regression models in vaccine hesitancy among respondents with children from those three different age groups, controlling for various demographic factors such as COVID-19 vaccination status, COVID-19 positive test results, race/ethnicity, gender at birth, age, region, marital status, educational attainment, household income, health insurance, and children's school type. The percentage of respondents indicating hesitancy towards vaccinating their children (expressing uncertainty, probably not, or definitely not) decreased as their children's age increased. Specifically, the proportion was 57.4% for children aged 6 months-5 years, 43.3% for children aged 5-11 years, and 25.9% for children aged 12-17 years. Concerns about possible side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine were the most prevalent among respondents who expressed vaccine hesitancy, regardless of the level of hesitancy, while those with strong hesitancy showed higher proportions of not believing their children need a vaccine, lack of trust in COVID-19 vaccines and the government, and parents/guardians not vaccinating their children. This study provide insight into our current situation, aiming to build assurance among households regarding the efficacy and benefits of COVID-19 vaccines for children of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwoo Park
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Pyramida Vagoyan Zabala
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San José State University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Airi Irene Trisnadi
- Department of Psychology, San José State University, San Jose, CA, United States
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11
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Restivo V, Bruno A, Minutolo G, Pieri A, Riggio L, Zarcone M, Candiloro S, Caldarella R, Immordino P, Amodio E, Casuccio A. Changes in Students' Perceptions Regarding Adolescent Vaccinations through a Before-After Study Conducted during the COVID-19 Pandemic: GIRASOLE Project Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1524. [PMID: 37896928 PMCID: PMC10610628 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a reduction in vaccination coverage for all age groups, especially in non-infant age. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an online intervention conducted among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in increasing knowledge and positive attitudes toward vaccinations. The study, which took place online from March to May 2021, involved 267 students from six lower secondary schools in Palermo city (Italy); they filled out the questionnaire before and after the intervention. The questionnaire was based on the protection motivation theory (PMT), which estimates the improvement in vaccination-related knowledge and attitudes. The pre- and post-intervention comparison showed a significant increase in the perception of the disease severity: strongly agree pre-intervention n = 150 (58.6%) and post-intervention n = 173 (67.6%, p < 0.001), rated on a five-point Likert scale. In a multivariate analysis, the factor associated with the improvement in the score after the intervention was the school dropout index (low vs. very high dropout index OR 4.5; p < 0.03). The educational intervention was more effective in schools with lower early school leaving rates, an indirect index of socio-economic status. The topic of vaccination has caught the adolescents' attention, it is, therefore, important that interventions tackling teenagers are tailored to reduce their emotional tension about the perception of adverse effects and improve vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (L.R.); (S.C.); (P.I.); (E.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Bruno
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (L.R.); (S.C.); (P.I.); (E.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Giuseppa Minutolo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (L.R.); (S.C.); (P.I.); (E.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessia Pieri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Luca Riggio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (L.R.); (S.C.); (P.I.); (E.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Maurizio Zarcone
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Stefania Candiloro
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (L.R.); (S.C.); (P.I.); (E.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Unit, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Palmira Immordino
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (L.R.); (S.C.); (P.I.); (E.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Emanuele Amodio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (L.R.); (S.C.); (P.I.); (E.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (L.R.); (S.C.); (P.I.); (E.A.); (A.C.)
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12
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McKinnon B, Abalovi K, Fortin G, Parvez M, Dalal S, Bouabid R, Jasmin D, Zéphrin M, Gupta N, Hasan AT, Andog-Naba Sebastien A, Taheem B, Dubé È, Tuong Nguyen C, Quach C, Vandermorris A, Zinszer K. Perspectives on COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Passports in a Diverse Urban Adolescent Population: A Youth Participatory Mixed Methods Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:527-535. [PMID: 37294252 PMCID: PMC10150197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disparities in youth COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake have been documented in several countries, yet few studies have explored the attitudes and perceptions underlying vaccine-related decision-making among adolescent populations with unique sociocultural, environmental, and/or structural contexts that may influence vaccine uptake. METHODS This study used data from surveys and semistructured interviews collected between January and March 2022 as part of an ongoing community-based research project in two ethnoculturally diverse, lower income neighborhoods of Montreal, Canada. Youth researchers designed and conducted interviews with unvaccinated adolescents, and thematic analysis was employed to explore attitudes and perceptions underlying vaccine-related decisions and opinions about vaccine passports. Survey data were used to describe sociodemographic and psychological determinants of COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS Among 315 survey participants aged 14-17 years, most (74%) were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Prevalence ranged from 57% among Black adolescents to 91% among South and/or Southeast Asian adolescents (34% difference, 95% confidence interval: 20-49). Qualitative and quantitative findings highlighted several misconceptions about the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of COVID-19 vaccines and adolescents' desire for trusted sources of information to address their concerns. Vaccine passports likely increased uptake, yet adolescents were strongly resistant to the policy, and for some, it may have fueled distrust of government and scientific institutions. DISCUSSION Strategies that increase the trustworthiness of institutions and foster genuine partnership with underserved youth may improve vaccine confidence and help ensure an effective, proequity recovery from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt McKinnon
- Centre for Public Health Research, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Krystelle Abalovi
- Centre for Public Health Research, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Fortin
- Centre for Public Health Research, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maryam Parvez
- Centre for Public Health Research, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sanya Dalal
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rania Bouabid
- Calixa-Lavallée Secondary School, Montréal-Nord, Québec, Canada
| | - Djunah Jasmin
- Henri-Bourassa Secondary School, Montréal-Nord, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Nandini Gupta
- Lucien-Pagé Secondary School, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Binal Taheem
- Lucien-Pagé Secondary School, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ève Dubé
- Research Centre of the CHU of Québec, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Cat Tuong Nguyen
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ashley Vandermorris
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Zinszer
- Centre for Public Health Research, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Tan SY, Oka P, Tan NC. Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1393. [PMID: 37631961 PMCID: PMC10458082 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use in adolescents; these vaccines play a critical role in limiting the transmission and impact of COVID-19. This systematic review aims to summarize the willingness of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years to receive the COVID-19 vaccination and the factors influencing their decision. METHODS A search of literature published between January 2018 and August 2022 was performed in Medline©, EMBASE©. and CINAHL© electronic databases. Studies published in English that assessed adolescents' intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine were included. Qualitative studies and those unrelated to the COVID-19 vaccine were excluded. The study was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Of the 1074 articles retrieved, 13 were included in the final review. Most studies were conducted in the US (n = 3) and China (n = 3). The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among adolescents was 63% (95% CI: 52-73%). Factors influencing intent to vaccinate were divided into five categories: "Socio-demographic determinants"; "Communication about COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination"; "COVID-19 vaccine and related issues"; "COVID-19 infection and related issues" and "Other determinants". The enablers were sociodemographic factors including older age, higher education level, good health perception, and parental norms in terms of parental vaccination acceptance; perceived vaccine effectiveness and safety; a desire to protect themselves and others; recent vaccination; and anxiety. The barriers were concerns over vaccine effectiveness, safety, and long-term side effects; low perceived necessity and risk of infection; and needle phobia. CONCLUSIONS This review highlighted that adolescents' intent to vaccinate is driven by a desire to protect themselves and others. However, concerns over vaccine effectiveness, safety, and long-term side effects hinder COVID-19 vaccine uptake. To improve vaccination acceptance, policymakers should address adolescents' concerns via more targeted public health messaging, while schools should leverage peer norms to positively influence vaccination intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyn Yi Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Prawira Oka
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One, Singapore 150167, Singapore;
- SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One, Singapore 150167, Singapore;
- SingHealth-Duke NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore
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14
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Groenewald C, Isaacs D, Maluleka M. "It Doesn't Cure, but It Protects": COVID-19 Vaccines through the Eyes of Children and Their Parents. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1305. [PMID: 37631873 PMCID: PMC10459681 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies have examined COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and/or hesitancy amongst adult populations across the globe. However, there is a paucity of literature illustrating children's voices in vaccination debates. This article draws on qualitative data collected via a mixed-methods study that explored South Africans' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2021. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample (N = 29) of children (>18 years) and their parents regarding their initial perspectives on COVID-19 vaccines. Given the dyadic nature of our study, we explored the intergenerational influence that parents' perspectives had on children's vaccine acceptability and the role that vaccine literacy, or lack thereof, played in vaccine decision making. Findings showed a great level of vaccine acceptability among children and parents, where many placed hopes in the vaccines to promote societal health and wellbeing. Intergenerational transfer of perspectives was observed where children's willingness to receive a vaccine was intrinsically linked to their parents' vaccine acceptability. Some participants also expressed concerns about COVID-19 vaccines, related to misinformation, mistrust, and limited vaccine literacy. We discuss the findings as they relate to vaccine and health literacy, also considering the prospective implications of this work as we enter the "recovery" period of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Groenewald
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban 4001, South Africa;
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
- South African Research Ethics Training Initiative, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Dane Isaacs
- Desmond Tutu Centre for Religion and Social Justice, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Mafanato Maluleka
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban 4001, South Africa;
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15
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Chinawa AT, Ossai EN, Nwachukwu CU, Uwaezuoke NA, Aronu AE, Chinawa JM. Willingness of college students aged 10 to 24 years to get vaccinated against COVID-19 disease: a cross-sectional study in South-East Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:23-36. [PMID: 38223580 PMCID: PMC10782299 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 is a topical issue that may change the course and distribution of the pandemic in the country. Objectives This study was aimed to determine the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among college adolescents and associated factors. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study carried out among one thousand college adolescents in six secondary schools in Enugu from April to August 2021. A pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data entry and analysis were done using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to describe college adolescents' characteristics. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. Predictors of willingness to vaccinate were assessed using binary logistic regression. Results A minor proportion of the respondents, 13.2% (153) were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The respondents who were males were 1.6 times more willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination when compared with those who were females. (AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1- 2.3). The respondents who were aware they could be infected with COVID-19 were twice more likely to receive COVID-19 vaccination when compared with those who felt they could not be infected. (AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.1-3.1). The respondents who had good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination were 2.2 times more likely to receive COVID-19 vaccination when compared with those who had poor knowledge. (AOR=2.2, 955CI: 1.5-3.3). Conclusion A small fraction of college adolescents were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Male gender, knowledge of vaccine and possibility of transmitting infection are predictors of willingness to receive the vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoere T Chinawa
- Department of Community Medicine, Enugu State University College of Medicine
| | - Edmund N Ossai
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University
| | | | - Ndubuisi A Uwaezuoke
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Ann E Aronu
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Josephat M Chinawa
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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Muscillo A, Lombardi G, Sestini E, Garbin F, Tambone V, Campanozzi LL, Pin P. Adolescents' Opinions on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Hints toward Enhancing Pandemic Preparedness in the Future. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:967. [PMID: 37243071 PMCID: PMC10222448 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand and assess vaccine reluctance, it is necessary to evaluate people's perceptions and grasp potential reasons for generic apprehension. In our analysis, we focus on adolescents' impressions towards anti-vaxxer behavior. The aim of the study is to figure out students' opinions about vaccine reluctance, connecting possible explanations that motivate anti-vaxxer decisions with common specific personality traits. We further investigate people's forecasts concerning the evolution of the pandemic. Between 2021 and 2022, we conducted a randomized survey experiment on a sample of high school individuals (N=395) living in different Italian regions. At that time, the vaccination campaign had already been promoted for nearly one year. From the analysis, it emerges that vaccinated people (92%), especially males, tend to be more pessimistic and attribute a higher level of generic distrust in science to anti-vaxxers. The results show that family background (mother's education) represents the most influential regressor: individuals coming from less educated families are less prone to attribute generic distrust and distrust of vaccines as principal reasons for vaccine reluctance. Similarly, those who rarely use social media develop a minor tendency to believe in a generic pessimism of anti-vaxxers. However, concerning the future of the pandemic, they are less likely to be optimistic toward vaccines. Overall, our findings shed light on adolescents' perceptions regarding the factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and highlight the need for targeted communication strategies to improve vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Muscillo
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lombardi
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "Giuseppe Parenti", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Sestini
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Vittoradolfo Tambone
- Research Unit of Bioethics and Humanities, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pin
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Bocconi Institute for Data Science and Analytics (BIDSA), Bocconi Univerity, 20146 Milan, Italy
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Hussaini L, Labberton AS, Winje BA, Kraft KB, Kjøllesdal MKR, Gleditsch RN, Godøy AA. COVID-19 vaccination rates among adolescents (12-17 years) by immigrant background and sociodemographic factors: A nationwide registry study in Norway. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00514-5. [PMID: 37179165 PMCID: PMC10150188 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lower COVID-19 vaccination rates have been observed among some adult immigrant populations in Norway, and there appears to be an association with sociodemographic factors. However, knowledge is lacking on the distribution of vaccination rates and role of sociodemographic factors among adolescents. This study aims to describe COVID-19 vaccination rates among adolescents according to immigrant background, household income, and parental education. METHODS In this nationwide registry study, we analyzed individual-level data on adolescents (12-17 years) from the Norwegian Emergency preparedness register for COVID-19 until September 15th, 2022. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) for receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by country background, household income and parental education, using Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, and county. RESULTS The sample comprised 384,815 adolescents. Foreign-born and Norwegian-born with foreign-born parents, had lower vaccination rates (57 % and 58 %) compared to adolescents with at least one Norwegian-born parent (84 %). Vaccination rates by country background varied from 88 % (Vietnam) to 31 % (Russia). Variation and associations by country background, household income, and parental education were greater among 12-15-year-olds than 16-17-year-olds. Household income and parental education were positively associated with vaccination. Compared to the lowest income and education category, IRRs for household income ranged from 1.07 (95 % CI 1.06-1.09) to 1.31 (95 % CI 1.29-1.33) among 12-15-year-olds, and 1.06 (95 % CI 1.04-1.07) to 1.17 (95 % CI 1.15-1.18) among 16-17-year-olds. For parental education, from IRR 1.08 (95 % CI 1.06-1.09) to 1.18 (95 % CI 1.17-1.20) among 12-15-year-olds, and 1.05 (95 % CI 1.04-1.07) to 1.09 (95 % CI 1.07-1.10) among 16-17-year-olds. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccination rates varied by immigrant background and age group, with lower rates especially among adolescents with background from Eastern Europe and among younger adolescents. Household income and parental education were positively associated with vaccination rates. Our results may help target measures to increase vaccination rates among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lema Hussaini
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Angela S Labberton
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Brita A Winje
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian B Kraft
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Karoline R Kjøllesdal
- Department of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Lifesciences. Postbox 5003 NMBU, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Rebecca N Gleditsch
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna A Godøy
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Postbox 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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Oishi K, Mori T, Nakaya T, Ishii K. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics Associated with the COVID-19 Incidence in Elementary School Children: An Ecological Study in Osaka City, Japan. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050822. [PMID: 37238370 DOI: 10.3390/children10050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics are associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in elementary school children and, if so, the associated characteristics. We obtained data on the number of infected children from 282 public elementary schools and the socioeconomic characteristics of each school district in Osaka City, Japan. We examined associations between these variables through negative binomial regression analyses. The proportion of employment in the wholesale and retail trade industry and the college graduation rate were significantly positively and negatively associated, respectively, with the total number of COVID-19-infected children. It was discovered that percentages of employment in the accommodation and food service industries in Wave 2, wholesale and retail trade industries after Wave 3, and healthcare and social assistance industries in Wave 5 were significantly positively associated with the number of infected children; likewise, the college graduation rate in Wave 5 was significantly negatively associated with the number of infected children. Our findings provide insight into the relevant and important areas of focus for public health policymakers and practitioners to ensure reduced disparities in COVID-19 infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Oishi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3, Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3, Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishii
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3, Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
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19
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Argyropoulos CD, Leckler J, Salmanton-García J, Constantinou M, Alexandrou A, Themistocleous S, Noula E, Shiamakkides G, Nearchou A, Stewart FA, Albus K, Koniordou M, Kopsidas I, Spivak O, Hellemans M, Hendrickx G, Davis RJ, Azzini AM, Simon PV, Carcas AJ, Askling HH, Vene S, Prellezo JB, Álvarez-Barco E, Macken AJ, Di Marzo R, Luís C, Olesen OF, Frias Iniesta JA, Barta I, Tóth K, Akova M, Bonten MMJ, Cohen-Kandli M, Cox RJ, Součková L, Husa P, Jancoriene L, Launay O, Lundgren J, Mallon P, Mendonça MA, Marques L, Naucler P, Ochando J, Tacconelli E, van Damme P, Zaoutis T, Hofstraat S, Bruijning-Verhagen P, Zeitlinger M, Cornely OA, Pana ZD. Enhancing public health communication of vaccine trials: The pan-European VACCELERATE Toolkit. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e44491. [PMID: 36878478 PMCID: PMC10131613 DOI: 10.2196/44491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pan-European VACCELERATE network aims to implement the first transnational harmonised and sustainable vaccine trial Volunteer Registry, serving as single entry-point for volunteers willing to participate in large scale vaccine clinical studies across the European region. The present work exhibits a set of harmonised vaccine trial educational and promotional tools for the general public, designed and disseminated by the pan-European VACCELERATE network. OBJECTIVE The main objectives of the present study are the design and creation of a standard toolkit to increase positive attitudes, and access to trustful information for better access and increased recruitment to vaccine trials for the public community. More specifically, the produced tools are focused on inclusiveness, equity, and they are targeting different population groups, including underserved ones, as potential volunteers for the VACCELERATE Volunteer Registry (elderly, migrants, children and adolescents). The promotion/education material is aligned with the main objectives of the Volunteer Registry, to increase public literacy and awareness regarding vaccine clinical research/trials and trial participation, such as informed consent and legal issues, side effects and frequently asked questions on vaccine trial design. METHODS The tools' development has followed the aims and principles of the VACCELERATE project, focusing on trial inclusiveness and equity and they are adjusted to the local country requirements to improve public health communication. The selection of the produced tools has been based on the cognitive theory, inclusiveness and equity of different aged and under-represented groups, and standardised material from several official trustful sources (e.g. COVAX, ECDC, EUPATI, GAVI and WHO). In addition, team of specialists from different fields (infectious diseases, vaccine research, medicine, education) edited and reviewed the subtitles and scripts for the educational videos, extended brochures, interactive cards and puzzles. Graph designers also selected the colour palette, audio settings and dubbing for the video story-tales and implementation of QR codes. RESULTS This study presents the first set of harmonised promotional and educational materials/tools (i.e. educational cards, educational and promotional videos, extended brochures, flyers, posters, and puzzles) for vaccine clinical research (e.g. COVID-19). The developed tools inform the public about possible benefits and disadvantages of trial participation, but also build the confidence of participants about the safety and efficacy for COVID-19 vaccines and healthcare system. The present material has been translated into several languages and meant to be freely and easily accessible to facilitate dissemination among the participating countries of the VACCELERATE network, as well as among the European and global scientific, industrial, and public community, in general. CONCLUSIONS The produced material could also be useful for filling knowledge gaps of healthcare personnel and providing the appropriate future patient education for vaccine trials, as well as to tackle vaccine hesitancy and parents' concerns for potential participation of children in vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janina Leckler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, DE.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, DE
| | - Jon Salmanton-García
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, DE.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, DE
| | | | | | | | - Evgenia Noula
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis Str., Nicosia, CY
| | - George Shiamakkides
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis Str., Nicosia, CY
| | - Andria Nearchou
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis Str., Nicosia, CY
| | - Fiona A Stewart
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, DE.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, DE
| | - Kerstin Albus
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, DE.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, DE
| | - Markela Koniordou
- Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens, GR
| | - Ioannis Kopsidas
- Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens, GR
| | | | - Margot Hellemans
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, VAXINFECTIO, Centre of Evaluation of Vaccination, Antwerp, BE
| | - Greet Hendrickx
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, VAXINFECTIO, Centre of Evaluation of Vaccination, Antwerp, BE
| | - Ruth Joanna Davis
- University of Verona, Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona, IT
| | - Anna Maria Azzini
- University of Verona, Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona, IT
| | - Paula Valle Simon
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, ES.,Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, ES
| | - Antonio Javier Carcas
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, ES.,Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, ES
| | - Helena Hervius Askling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE
| | - Sirkka Vene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE
| | | | - Elena Álvarez-Barco
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Dublin, IE
| | - Alan J Macken
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Dublin, IE
| | | | | | - Ole F Olesen
- European Vaccine Initiative (EVI), Heidelberg, DE
| | - Jesus A Frias Iniesta
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, ES.,Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, ES
| | - Imre Barta
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, HU
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, HU
| | | | - Marc M J Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NL.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, NL
| | | | | | - Lenka Součková
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, University Hospital Brno, Brno, CZ.,University Hospital Brno, Brno, CZ.,CZECRIN, Brno, CZ
| | - Petr Husa
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, University Hospital Brno, Brno, CZ.,University Hospital Brno, Brno, CZ.,CZECRIN, Brno, CZ
| | - Ligita Jancoriene
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros klinikos, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT
| | - Odile Launay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-ANRS Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Paris, FR.,Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, FR
| | - Jens Lundgren
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK
| | - Patrick Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Dublin, IE
| | | | | | - Pontus Naucler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, ES
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- University of Verona, Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona, IT
| | - Pierre van Damme
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, VAXINFECTIO, Centre of Evaluation of Vaccination, Antwerp, BE
| | - Theoklis Zaoutis
- Collaborative Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Athens, GR
| | - Sanne Hofstraat
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NL
| | | | | | - Oliver A Cornely
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, DE.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, DE.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), Cologne, DE.,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, DE.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, DE
| | - Zoi Dorothea Pana
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis Str., Nicosia, CY
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20
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Mavragani A, Sanchez T, Caranci N, Giaquinto C, Barbiellini Amidei C, Canova C. The Association Between Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccination and Socioeconomic Position: Nested Case-Control Study From the Pedianet Veneto Cohort. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e44234. [PMID: 36645419 PMCID: PMC9897308 DOI: 10.2196/44234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of pediatric COVID-19 vaccination strongly depends on parents' willingness to vaccinate their children. To date, the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) in pediatric COVID-19 vaccination has not been thoroughly examined. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between COVID-19 vaccination and SEP in a large pediatric cohort. METHODS A case-control study design nested into a pediatric cohort of children born between 2007 and 2017, living in the Veneto Region and followed up to at least January 1, 2022, was adopted. Data on children were collected from the Pedianet database and linked with the regional COVID-19 registry. Each child vaccinated with at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine between July 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, was matched by sex, year of birth, and family pediatrician to up to 5 unvaccinated children. Unvaccinated children with a positive outcome on the swab test within 180 days before the index date were excluded from the analyses. Children were geo-referenced to determine their area deprivation index (ADI)-a social and material deprivation measure calculated at the census block level and consisting of 5 socioeconomic items. The index was then categorized in quintiles based on the regional ADI level. The association between ADI quintiles and vaccination status was measured using conditioned logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and the corresponding 95% CIs. Quantile-g-computation regression models were applied to develop a weighted combination of the individual items to estimate how much each component influenced the likelihood of vaccination. All analyses were stratified by age at vaccination (5-11 and 12-14 years). RESULTS The study population consisted of 6475 vaccinated children, who were matched with 32,124 unvaccinated children. Increasing area deprivation was associated with a lower probability of being vaccinated, with approximately a linear dose-response relationship. Children in the highest deprivation quintile were 36% less likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine than those with the lowest area deprivation (95% CI 0.59-0.70). The results were similar in the 2 age groups, with a slightly stronger association in 5-11-year-old children. When assessing the effects of the weighted combination of the individual items, a quintile increase was associated with a 17% decrease in the probability of being vaccinated (95% CI 0.80-0.86). The conditions that influenced the probability of vaccination the most were living on rent, being unemployed, and being born in single-parent families. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown a significant reduction in the likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine among children living in areas characterized by a lower SEP. Findings were robust among multiple analyses and definitions of the deprivation index. These findings suggest that SEP plays an important role in vaccination coverage, emphasizing the need to promote targeted public health efforts to ensure global vaccine equity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicola Caranci
- Regional Health and Social Care Agency, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Barbiellini Amidei
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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21
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Assad HC, Rizij FA, Hussien AA, Hadi Z. ACCEPTANCE OF THE COVID-19 VACCINE AND ITS RELATED FACTORS AMONG IRAQI ADOLESCENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1363-1370. [PMID: 37463369 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202306106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To evaluate the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine among adolescents and exploring the association factors that affect the acceptability of the vaccine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The study is descriptive cross-sectional study based on online survey conducted on 541 adolescents in Iraqi middle Euphrates provinces. Survey data was collected from November 28, 2021 to April 20, 2022. RESULTS Results: The study showed that about 53% (288 adolescents out of total 541) had not been vaccinated yet and approximately 55% of the not vaccinated adolescents refused to take the vaccine. The mean reasons of this hesitancy were falsified information, insufficient information, concerned about safety and effectiveness of the vaccine. The parents whether infected with COVID-19 or vaccinated considered as strong independent factors that will increase acceptance of vaccination among the adolescents while afraid from the vaccine was considerable independent factor that decrease the acceptance rate. CONCLUSION Conclusions: High hesitancy rate toward COVID-19 vaccination among adolescents and their parents play significant role model in increasing the acceptability while concerning of the vaccine safety decreasing acceptability.
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22
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Smith LE, Sherman SM, Sim J, Amlôt R, Cutts M, Dasch H, Sevdalis N, Rubin GJ. Parents' intention to vaccinate their child for COVID-19: A mixed-methods study (CoVAccS-wave 3). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279285. [PMID: 36574421 PMCID: PMC9794060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate UK parents' vaccination intention at a time when COVID-19 vaccination was available to some children. METHODS Data reported are from the second wave of a prospective cohort study. We conducted a mixed-methods study using an online survey of 270 UK parents (conducted 4-15 October 2021). At this time, vaccination was available to 16- and 17-year-olds and had become available to 12- to 15-year-olds two weeks prior. We asked participants whose child had not yet been vaccinated how likely they were to vaccinate their child for COVID-19. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate factors associated with intention (quantitative component). Parents were also asked for their main reasons behind vaccination intention. Open-ended responses were analysed using content analysis (qualitative component). RESULTS Parental vaccination intention was mixed (likely: 39.3%, 95% CI 32.8%, 45.7%; uncertain: 33.9%, 95% CI 27.7%, 40.2%; unlikely: 26.8%, 95% CI 20.9%, 32.6%). Intention was associated with: parental COVID-19 vaccination status; greater perceived necessity and social norms regarding COVID-19 vaccination; greater COVID-19 threat appraisal; and lower vaccine safety and novelty concerns. In those who intended to vaccinate their child, the main reasons for doing so were to protect the child and others. In those who did not intend to vaccinate their child, the main reason was safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS Parent COVID-19 vaccination status and psychological factors explained a large percentage of the variance in vaccination intention for one's child. Further study is needed to see whether parents' intention to vaccinate their child is affected by fluctuating infection rates, more children being vaccinated, and the UK's reliance on vaccination as a strategy to live with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E. Smith
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, England
| | - Susan M. Sherman
- Keele University, School of Psychology, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Julius Sim
- Keele University, School of Medicine, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Amlôt
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, England
- UK Health Security Agency, Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, England
| | - Megan Cutts
- Keele University, School of Psychology, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Dasch
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Centre for Implementation Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Sevdalis
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Centre for Implementation Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. James Rubin
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, England
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23
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Mudenda S, Mukosha M, Godman B, Fadare JO, Ogunleye OO, Meyer JC, Skosana P, Chama J, Daka V, Matafwali SK, Chabalenge B, Witika BA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Secondary School Pupils in Zambia: Implications for Future Educational and Sensitisation Programmes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2141. [PMID: 36560551 PMCID: PMC9784903 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the closure of schools to slow the spread of the virus across populations, and the administration of vaccines to protect people from severe disease, including school children and adolescents. In Zambia, there is currently little information on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among school-going children and adolescents despite their inclusion in the vaccination programme. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among secondary school pupils in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022. Of the 998 participants, 646 (64.7%) were female, and 127 (12.7%) would accept to be vaccinated. Those who were willing to be vaccinated had better knowledge (68.5% vs. 56.3%) and a positive attitude (79.1% vs. 33.7%) compared to those who were hesitant. Overall, the odds of vaccine acceptance were higher among pupils who had higher knowledge scores (AOR = 11.75, 95% CI: 6.51-21.2), positive attitude scores (AOR = 9.85, 95% CI: 4.35-22.2), and those who knew a friend or relative who had died from COVID-19 (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.14-5.09). The low vaccine acceptance among pupils is of public health concern, emphasising the need for heightened sensitisation programmes that promote vaccine acceptance among pupils in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation and Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Jacob Chama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola P.O. Box 71191, Zambia
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka P.O. Box 31890, Zambia
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
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24
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Cupertino V, Bozzola E, De Luca G, Del Giudice E, De Martino G, Cannataro P, Tozzi AE, Corsello G. The awareness and acceptance of anti-COVID 19 vaccination in adolescence. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:194. [PMID: 36494672 PMCID: PMC9733392 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 had devastating effects on children's and adolescents' life, including neuropsychological impairment, discontinuation of social life and education. Since June 2021, antiCOVID19 vaccination has become available to adolescents in Italy up to 12 years and since December 2021 to children aged more than 5 years. The pediatric population represents a challenging target for vaccination. Aim of the study is to perform a survey among adolescents to explore factors associated with COVID 19 immunization and their perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Italian students aged 10-17 years were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey regarding their immunization against COVID-19 and their opinion on the immunization practice through a web link to the questionnaire. The study period was March-June 2022. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v 21. RESULTS In the study period, 895 students entered the survey. A total of 87.3% of respondents were immunized against SARS-CoV2. The most important predictors of being immunized against SARS-CoV2 were having both parents immunized (p < 0, 001) and being aged over 12 years. In the unvaccinated group, the decision was mostly influenced by the family (65.8%). Regardless the immunization status, respondents were willing to receive information about COVID 19 vaccination mostly by their family doctor (51.8%) and at school (28.9%). CONCLUSIONS Parents' decisions and attitudes strongly affected the immunization status of adolescents. Students' willing to receive COVID 19 vaccine information by family doctors and at school, underline the potential role of paediatricians and school educators in contributing to an increased vaccine coverage among the paediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Cupertino
- The Adolescent Study Group, The Italian Pediatric Society, Rome, Italy ,Cosenza ASP, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzola
- The Adolescent Study Group, The Italian Pediatric Society, Rome, Italy ,grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Pediatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo De Luca
- The Adolescent Study Group, The Italian Pediatric Society, Rome, Italy ,Cosenza ASP, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Del Giudice
- The Adolescent Study Group, The Italian Pediatric Society, Rome, Italy ,grid.7841.aPediatric and Neonatology Unit, Maternal and Child Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Martino
- The Adolescent Study Group, The Italian Pediatric Society, Rome, Italy ,Cosenza ASP, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Piero Cannataro
- The Adolescent Study Group, The Italian Pediatric Society, Rome, Italy ,Cosenza ASP, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Multifactorial and Complex Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
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25
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Bussink-Voorend D, Hautvast JLA, Vandeberg L, Visser O, Hulscher MEJL. A systematic literature review to clarify the concept of vaccine hesitancy. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1634-1648. [PMID: 35995837 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is considered a top-10 global health threat. The concept of VH has been described and applied inconsistently. This systematic review aims to clarify VH by analysing how it is operationalized. We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases on 14 January 2022. We selected 422 studies containing operationalizations of VH for inclusion. One limitation is that studies of lower quality were not excluded. Our qualitative analysis reveals that VH is conceptualized as involving (1) cognitions or affect, (2) behaviour and (3) decision making. A wide variety of methods have been used to measure VH. Our findings indicate the varied and confusing use of the term VH, leading to an impracticable concept. We propose that VH should be defined as a state of indecisiveness regarding a vaccination decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Bussink-Voorend
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeannine L A Hautvast
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vandeberg
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Olga Visser
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J L Hulscher
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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26
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Fergie J, Moran MM, Cane A, Pather S, Türeci Ӧ, Srivastava A. COVID-19 Epidemiology, Immunity, and Vaccine Development in Children: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122039. [PMID: 36560448 PMCID: PMC9781884 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pediatric populations experienced lower COVID-19 severity and mortality than adults, the epidemiology of this disease continues to evolve. COVID-19 clinical manifestations in pediatrics commonly include fever and cough, but may differ from adults and by variant. Serious complications, including MIS-C, rarely occur. Although early data showed a decreased likelihood of COVID-19 transmission from children versus adults, outbreaks and viral shedding studies support pediatric transmission potential. Children may mount more robust initial immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 versus adults. COVID-19 vaccines with available pediatric data include BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, CoronaVac, and BBIBP-CorV. Depending on age group and jurisdiction, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 have received full approval or emergency/conditional authorization in the United States and European Union from 6 months of age. Clinical trials have shown BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 safety and high efficacy in pediatric populations, with demonstrably noninferior immune responses versus young adults. Real-world studies further support BNT162b2 safety and effectiveness against the Delta variant. mRNA vaccination benefits are considered to outweigh risks, including myocarditis; however, pediatric vaccination rates remain relatively low. Given a growing body of clinical trial and real-world data showing vaccine safety and effectiveness, pediatric vaccination should be prioritized as an important strategy to control the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fergie
- Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX 78411, USA
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27
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Chung GKK, Chan YH, Chan SM, Chen JK, Wong H, Chung RYN. The impact of trust in government on pandemic management on the compliance with voluntary COVID-19 vaccination policy among adolescents after social unrest in Hong Kong. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992895. [PMID: 36660556 PMCID: PMC9843607 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The launch of COVID-19 vaccines among students provides an opportunity to re-open schools safely. Nonetheless, under the voluntary vaccination policy, the lack of trust in government since the unprecedented massive social unrest in Hong Kong may hinder the vaccination progress. This study aims to assess the impact of trust in government regarding pandemic management on the willingness, uptake, and intention of COVID-19 vaccination among students in Hong Kong. Methods Based on maximum variation sampling of 12 secondary schools of diverse socioeconomic background, 1,020 students aged 14-16 years completed an online survey between September and October 2021. Results 59.2% of the sample received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, 25.2% showed willingness of vaccination, 44.7% of the unvaccinated intended to receive the vaccine, whereas 13.4% were trustful to the government regarding pandemic management. Results from multivariable logistic regressions showed independent associations of trust with greater vaccination uptake [aOR = 1.63 (95% CI = 1.06-2.52), compared to distrust], willingness [aOR = 12.40 (7.72-19.93)], and intention [aOR = 4.49 (2.06-9.75)]. However, the impact of trust on vaccine uptake reversed [aOR = 0.53 (0.32-0.87)] after additional adjustment for the willingness of vaccination. Conclusion Students with higher trust in government regarding pandemic management tended to have greater vaccination willingness and hence uptake; nonetheless, given the same level of willingness, distrust might have facilitated a faster adoption of vaccination as a self-initiated protective behavior. As the level of trust is generally low among secondary school students in Hong Kong, rebuilding trust during adolescence is of importance for better preparedness of the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ka-Ki Chung
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yat-Hang Chan
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Ming Chan
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Wong
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roger Yat-Nork Chung
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Centre for Bioethics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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The Role of Knowledge, Attitude, Confidence, and Sociodemographic Factors in COVID-19 Vaccination Adherence among Adolescents in Indonesia: A Nationwide Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091489. [PMID: 36146569 PMCID: PMC9505584 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents is important because the adolescent population has the highest incidence of COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination adherence among Indonesian adolescents. This cross-sectional study involved 7986 adolescents, polled through online and offline surveys conducted in six major islands of Indonesia. The online questionnaire was distributed through popular social messaging and social media platforms. Our team also contacted schools and public places to recruit participants from remote areas. In total, 7299 respondents completed the questionnaire. Binary logistic analysis revealed that higher levels of knowledge, positive attitudes, and confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine were significantly associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination adherence in adolescents. Sociodemographic factors were also significantly associated with higher adherence to vaccination programs. Meanwhile, younger age and habitation in private housing were related to lower adherence to the vaccination program. Parental factors related to adolescent compliance were education level, household income, history of infection of family or friends with COVID-19, and working status. The national authorities and stakeholders should take extensive measures to increase attitude, knowledge, confidence, and family support among adolescence through multiple channels.
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Karabulut N, Gürçayır D, Yaman Aktaş Y, Abi Ö. The Turkish version of the Oxford Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2022. [DOI: 10.15452/cejnm.2022.13.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Myers V, Saban M, Wilf-Miron R. Covid-19 in children aged 5-11: Examining the issues surrounding vaccination and public health policy. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 43:85-90. [PMID: 35568661 PMCID: PMC9023081 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children under 12 are now the largest unvaccinated group. Following FDA approval, vaccination of 5-11 year olds is now being encouraged in some countries. We present data on child COVID-related morbidity in Israel and discuss the complexities surrounding vaccinating children aged 5-11. METHODS Data were obtained from Israel's open COVID database regarding new confirmed daily COVID-19 cases, severe hospitalized cases and deaths by age group in Israel from February 2020-November 2021, as well as vaccination rate and adverse events following vaccination. RESULTS In 5-11 year olds, there were 460 hospitalizations, including 72 moderate to critical (0.007% population rate), with 3 deaths (0.0003% population rate). Children (0-19) made up the largest proportion (41%) of cases, but comprised just <0.1% of deaths, and <1% of severe cases. Post-vaccine myocarditis was much lower than severe COVID risk except in boys aged 12-19 where it was equivalent to the risk of mechanical ventilation due to COVID in boys aged 10-19 (12 per 100,000). High numbers of children were quarantined. CONCLUSIONS COVID risk is minimal for most children though rare complications do occur. Israeli and US pediatric associations have recommended vaccinating children, particularly in high-incidence scenarios where risk-benefit balance is more clear-cut. However only a quarter of eligible parents have vaccinated their children. Parents may consider health grounds but also restrictions on children, population vaccination levels, waning immunity and new variants, and should be provided with clear information to help them make an informed decision. Policymakers should reevaluate the need for isolations, testing and mask-wearing in school age children, which are detrimental to their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Myers
- Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Mor Saban
- Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Wilf-Miron
- Gertner Institute of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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31
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Gao H, Yin H, Peng L, Wang H. Effectiveness of Social Video Platforms in Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Among Youth: A Content-Specific Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Topic Videos on Bilibili. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1621-1639. [PMID: 36071816 PMCID: PMC9444025 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s374420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the widespread promotion of the COVID-19 vaccination in China, videos about the vaccination have become increasingly available on social video platforms. With the User Generated Content model, different creators’ interpretations of COVID-19 vaccines may influence the attitudes towards the vaccines and vaccination. Objective To explore the overview of COVID-19 vaccine-related videos on Bilibili, discussing the communication effects of COVID-19 topic videos and its influencing factors. Methods A content analysis was applied to the 202 video samples obtained through data mining regarding the creator’s information, video presentation, and COVID-19 vaccine-related content. Results Individuals and medical professionals preferred VLOG videos, media chose to upload informational videos, and enterprises preferred to post showcase videos. Individuals were more likely to discuss the adverse reactions in their videos, while medical professionals were more likely to discuss the vaccination process for the COVID-19 vaccine. Videos with core issues positively influenced the video’s dissemination breadth. The attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in the videos positively influence the recognition of the videos. The richness of knowledge points related to the COVID-19 vaccine negatively affected the recognition and participation. Conclusion Social video platforms could play an active role in the vaccination promotion for the youth. Health promotion-related departments and individuals could strengthen agenda setting, grasp the characteristics of young groups, and express positive attitudes toward health issues to achieve better health (vaccine) promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yin
- School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Peng
- School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Han Wang, School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Alghamdi S. The Attitude of Parents Toward Their Children Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091308. [PMID: 36138617 PMCID: PMC9497995 DOI: 10.3390/children9091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parental attitudes towards childhood vaccination programs are important for successful delivery. Children were affected by COVID-19; however, parental attitudes towards childhood COVID-19 vaccination have not been fully assessed. The purpose is to assess parental hesitancy and attitudes about their children receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. This was a cross-sectional study using an electronically distributed questionnaire including a convenience sample of 123 Saudi Arabian parents of school-aged children between five and eleven years old. Most of the participants were mothers (77.2%) aged 31–40 years old (61%). The mean score of the questionnaire about parents’ attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine was M = 18.95, SD = 5.52. Only 39% of the parents were hesitant to have their children receive the seasonal influenza vaccine compared to 74% who were hesitant to have their children receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Most of the children (80%) did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine because of parental concerns about the vaccine’s side effects (49.5 %). Parents whose children received the COVID-19 vaccine (Median = 24, IQR = 9) had higher attitude scores than those whose children did not receive the vaccine (Median = 17, IQR = 6). The findings shed light on parental attitudes towards their children receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. Healthcare providers can build upon this study to improve parental attitudes towards childhood vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmah Alghamdi
- Maternity and Child Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Bonander C, Ekman M, Jakobsson N. Vaccination nudges: A study of pre-booked COVID-19 vaccinations in Sweden. Soc Sci Med 2022; 309:115248. [PMID: 35969977 PMCID: PMC9354447 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A nudge changes people's actions without removing their options or altering their incentives. During the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, the Swedish Region of Uppsala sent letters with pre-booked appointments to inhabitants aged 16–17 instead of opening up manual appointment booking. Using regional and municipal vaccination data, we document a higher vaccine uptake among 16- to 17-year-olds in Uppsala compared to untreated control regions (constructed using the synthetic control method as well as neighboring municipalities). The results highlight pre-booked appointments as a strategy for increasing vaccination rates in populations with low perceived risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Bonander
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Ekman
- Karlstad Business School, Karlstad University, Sweden
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34
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Shati AA, Al-Qahtani SM, Alsabaani AA, Mahmood SE, Alqahtani YA, AlQahtani KM, Aldarami MS, AlAmri FD, Alqahtani AS, AlHadi AM, Ahmad A, Riaz FA. Perceptions of Parents towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Children, Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081222. [PMID: 36016110 PMCID: PMC9414894 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are an important part of the COVID-19 pandemic response plan. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the attitude and perception levels of parents toward COVID-19 vaccines for children aged 0–18 years in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Out of a total of 1463 parents, 30.6% assumed that COVID-19 vaccination may be more dangerous for children than adults. Nearly 36.5% parents don’t have any concern about children’s vaccination. About 12.8% of children have not received the vaccination, 55% of parents have some sort of hesitation and 32.2% of parents did not hesitate before vaccinating their children against COVID-19. Only 15.4% of parents expect that the COVID-19 vaccine affects their child’s genes. About 23.4% parents strongly agreed and 35.1% agreed about the importance of getting their children vaccinated. About 22.1% of parents strongly agreed and 33.3% agreed regarding their willingness to get their children vaccinated to prevent Coronavirus disease. More than 80% of parents recommended rushing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Health professionals and policymakers should implement and support strategies to ensure children are vaccinated for COVID-19. They also need to educate parents and families regarding childhood vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia or (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.-Q.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Saleh M. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia or (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.-Q.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alsabaani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.A.R.)
| | - Syed E. Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5504-84344
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia or (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.-Q.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Khalid M. AlQahtani
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed S. Aldarami
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Fahad D. AlAmri
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (F.D.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman Saad Alqahtani
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (F.D.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman M. AlHadi
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (F.D.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Fatima A. Riaz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.A.R.)
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35
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Jansen DE, Carai S, Scott E, Butu C, Pop I, Park M, Rajan D, Weber MW, Wolfe I. COVID-19 has exposed the need for health system assessments to be more child health-sensitive. J Glob Health 2022; 12:03048. [PMID: 35841617 PMCID: PMC9288253 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Emc Jansen
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Sociology and Interuniversity Centre for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Accare, University Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Carai
- WHO Athens Office for Quality of Care and Patient Safety, Athens, Greece.,Universitat Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | | | | | - Ioana Pop
- WHO Country Office, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Minhye Park
- WHO Athens Office for Quality of Care and Patient Safety, Athens, Greece
| | - Dheepa Rajan
- WHO, Department for Health System Governance and Financing, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin W Weber
- WHO Athens Office for Quality of Care and Patient Safety, Athens, Greece
| | - Ingrid Wolfe
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, King's College London, London, England
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36
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Funk AL, Kuppermann N, Florin TA, Tancredi DJ, Xie J, Kim K, Finkelstein Y, Neuman MI, Salvadori MI, Yock-Corrales A, Breslin KA, Ambroggio L, Chaudhari PP, Bergmann KR, Gardiner MA, Nebhrajani JR, Campos C, Ahmad FA, Sartori LF, Navanandan N, Kannikeswaran N, Caperell K, Morris CR, Mintegi S, Gangoiti I, Sabhaney VJ, Plint AC, Klassen TP, Avva UR, Shah NP, Dixon AC, Lunoe MM, Becker SM, Rogers AJ, Pavlicich V, Dalziel SR, Payne DC, Malley R, Borland ML, Morrison AK, Bhatt M, Rino PB, Beneyto Ferre I, Eckerle M, Kam AJ, Chong SL, Palumbo L, Kwok MY, Cherry JC, Poonai N, Waseem M, Simon NJ, Freedman SB. Post-COVID-19 Conditions Among Children 90 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2223253. [PMID: 35867061 PMCID: PMC9308058 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Little is known about the risk factors for, and the risk of, developing post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs) among children. OBJECTIVES To estimate the proportion of SARS-CoV-2-positive children with PCCs 90 days after a positive test result, to compare this proportion with SARS-CoV-2-negative children, and to assess factors associated with PCCs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study, conducted in 36 emergency departments (EDs) in 8 countries between March 7, 2020, and January 20, 2021, included 1884 SARS-CoV-2-positive children who completed 90-day follow-up; 1686 of these children were frequency matched by hospitalization status, country, and recruitment date with 1701 SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. EXPOSURE SARS-CoV-2 detected via nucleic acid testing. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Post-COVID-19 conditions, defined as any persistent, new, or recurrent health problems reported in the 90-day follow-up survey. RESULTS Of 8642 enrolled children, 2368 (27.4%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive, among whom 2365 (99.9%) had index ED visit disposition data available; among the 1884 children (79.7%) who completed follow-up, the median age was 3 years (IQR, 0-10 years) and 994 (52.8%) were boys. A total of 110 SARS-CoV-2-positive children (5.8%; 95% CI, 4.8%-7.0%) reported PCCs, including 44 of 447 children (9.8%; 95% CI, 7.4%-13.0%) hospitalized during the acute illness and 66 of 1437 children (4.6%; 95% CI, 3.6%-5.8%) not hospitalized during the acute illness (difference, 5.3%; 95% CI, 2.5%-8.5%). Among SARS-CoV-2-positive children, the most common symptom was fatigue or weakness (21 [1.1%]). Characteristics associated with reporting at least 1 PCC at 90 days included being hospitalized 48 hours or more compared with no hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.67 [95% CI, 1.63-4.38]); having 4 or more symptoms reported at the index ED visit compared with 1 to 3 symptoms (4-6 symptoms: aOR, 2.35 [95% CI, 1.28-4.31]; ≥7 symptoms: aOR, 4.59 [95% CI, 2.50-8.44]); and being 14 years of age or older compared with younger than 1 year (aOR, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.43-4.99]). SARS-CoV-2-positive children were more likely to report PCCs at 90 days compared with those who tested negative, both among those who were not hospitalized (55 of 1295 [4.2%; 95% CI, 3.2%-5.5%] vs 35 of 1321 [2.7%; 95% CI, 1.9%-3.7%]; difference, 1.6% [95% CI, 0.2%-3.0%]) and those who were hospitalized (40 of 391 [10.2%; 95% CI, 7.4%-13.7%] vs 19 of 380 [5.0%; 95% CI, 3.0%-7.7%]; difference, 5.2% [95% CI, 1.5%-9.1%]). In addition, SARS-CoV-2 positivity was associated with reporting PCCs 90 days after the index ED visit (aOR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.14-2.35]), specifically systemic health problems (eg, fatigue, weakness, fever; aOR, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.19-5.00]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with reporting PCCs at 90 days in children. Guidance and follow-up are particularly necessary for hospitalized children who have numerous acute symptoms and are older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Funk
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathan Kuppermann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento
| | - Todd A Florin
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento
| | - Jianling Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yaron Finkelstein
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark I Neuman
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Adriana Yock-Corrales
- Emergency Department, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera," CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Kristen A Breslin
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma Services, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Lilliam Ambroggio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Pradip P Chaudhari
- Division of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Kelly R Bergmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Michael A Gardiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego
| | | | - Carmen Campos
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fahd A Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura F Sartori
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nidhya Navanandan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Nirupama Kannikeswaran
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant
| | - Kerry Caperell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pediatrics, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Claudia R Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Santiago Mintegi
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Iker Gangoiti
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Vikram J Sabhaney
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy C Plint
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terry P Klassen
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Usha R Avva
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore-Nyack Hospital, Nyack, New York
| | - Nipam P Shah
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Andrew C Dixon
- University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maren M Lunoe
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah M Becker
- Primary Children's Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alexander J Rogers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Viviana Pavlicich
- Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica, Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Privada del Pacífico, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Stuart R Dalziel
- Children's Emergency Department, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel C Payne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard Malley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meredith L Borland
- Emergency Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
- Division of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrea K Morrison
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Maala Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pedro B Rino
- Hospital de Pediatría "Prof Dr. Juan P. Garrahan," RIDEPLA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Michelle Eckerle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - April J Kam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shu-Ling Chong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School, SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore
| | - Laura Palumbo
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia-Pronto soccorso pediatrico, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Y Kwok
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan C Cherry
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Naveen Poonai
- Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Norma-Jean Simon
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Data Analytics and Reporting, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen B Freedman
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Rosenstrom ET, Mele J, Ivy JS, Mayorga ME, Patel MD, Lich KH, Delamater PL, Smith RL, Swann JL. Vaccinating children against COVID-19 is crucial to protect schools and communities. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac081. [PMID: 35873793 PMCID: PMC9295200 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the joint impact of childhood vaccination rates and school masking policies on community transmission and severe outcomes due to COVID-19, we utilized a stochastic, agent-based simulation of North Carolina to test 24 health policy scenarios. In these scenarios, we varied the childhood (ages 5 to 19) vaccination rate relative to the adult's (ages 20 to 64) vaccination rate and the masking relaxation policies in schools. We measured the overall incidence of disease, COVID-19-related hospitalization, and mortality from 2021 July 1 to 2023 July 1. Our simulation estimates that removing all masks in schools in January 2022 could lead to a 31% to 45%, 23% to 35%, and 13% to 19% increase in cumulative infections for ages 5 to 9, 10 to 19, and the total population, respectively, depending on the childhood vaccination rate. Additionally, achieving a childhood vaccine uptake rate of 50% of adults could lead to a 31% to 39% reduction in peak hospitalizations overall masking scenarios compared with not vaccinating this group. Finally, our simulation estimates that increasing vaccination uptake for the entire eligible population can reduce peak hospitalizations in 2022 by an average of 83% and 87% across all masking scenarios compared to the scenarios where no children are vaccinated. Our simulation suggests that high vaccination uptake among both children and adults is necessary to mitigate the increase in infections from mask removal in schools and workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Rosenstrom
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Jessica Mele
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Julie S Ivy
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Maria E Mayorga
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mehul D Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristen Hassmiller Lich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul L Delamater
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Raymond L Smith
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Julie L Swann
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Rani MDM, Mohamed NA, Solehan HM, Ithnin M, Ariffien AR, Isahak I. Assessment of acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model among Malaysians-A qualitative approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269059. [PMID: 35700197 PMCID: PMC9197030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several countries have started mass vaccination programs to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. With an R naught value of 2 to 3, about 70% of the population needs to be immunized to achieve herd immunity. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for acceptance or refusal of COVID-19 vaccines among the Malaysian population. METHODOLOGY An exploratory, descriptive qualitative design was performed. The cross-sectional survey used a non-probability convenient sampling technique to recruit the respondents, who were required to answer an open-ended question: Either "If you are willing to get the vaccine, please state your reason" or "If you are not willing to get vaccinated, please state your reason." The survey also included questions on demography such as age, gender, and place of residence. According to the Health Belief Model, the data was transcribed, translated, and analyzed: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barrier, and cues for action. RESULTS A total of 1091 respondents who completed the online survey comprised 685 (62.8%) females, 406 (37.2%) males, with a mean age of 38.16 (SD = 16.44). The majority (81.1%) were willing to get vaccinated. Thematic analysis showed that most respondents perceived that the vaccine is safe, effective, protective and will provide herd immunity. Barriers to vaccination include unknown long-term side effects, rapid vaccine production, inadequate information and concerns regarding halal status. Cues to vaccination included individual desire, social responsibility, economic concerns and wait-and-see behavior. CONCLUSIONS The public should be well informed about the vaccine, its efficacy, side effects, and halal status to increase vaccine acceptability and achieve herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Azmawati Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Hana Maizuliana Solehan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Muslimah Ithnin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rasyid Ariffien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ilina Isahak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Cascini F, Pantovic A, Al-Ajlouni YA, Failla G, Puleo V, Melnyk A, Lontano A, Ricciardi W. Social media and attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of the literature. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101454. [PMID: 35611343 PMCID: PMC9120591 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine hesitancy continues to limit global efforts in combatting the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging research demonstrates the role of social media in disseminating information and potentially influencing people's attitudes towards public health campaigns. This systematic review sought to synthesize the current evidence regarding the potential role of social media in shaping COVID-19 vaccination attitudes, and to explore its potential for shaping public health interventions to address the issue of vaccine hesitancy. Methods We performed a systematic review of the studies published from inception to 13 of March2022 by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsychNET, Scopus, CINAHL, and MEDLINE. Studies that reported outcomes related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (attitudes, opinion, etc.) gathered from the social media platforms, and those analyzing the relationship between social media use and COVID-19 hesitancy/acceptance were included. Studies that reported no outcome of interest or analyzed data from sources other than social media (websites, newspapers, etc.) will be excluded. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of all cross-sectional studies included in this review. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021283219). Findings Of the 2539 records identified, a total of 156 articles fully met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the quality of the cross-sectional studies was moderate - 2 studies received 10 stars, 5 studies received 9 stars, 9 studies were evaluated with 8, 12 studies with 7,16 studies with 6, 11 studies with 5, and 6 studies with 4 stars. The included studies were categorized into four categories. Cross-sectional studies reporting the association between reliance on social media and vaccine intentions mainly observed a negative relationship. Studies that performed thematic analyses of extracted social media data, mainly observed a domination of vaccine hesitant topics. Studies that explored the degree of polarization of specific social media contents related to COVID-19 vaccines observed a similar degree of content for both positive and negative tone posted on different social media platforms. Finally, studies that explored the fluctuations of vaccination attitudes/opinions gathered from social media identified specific events as significant cofactors that affect and shape vaccination intentions of individuals. Interpretation This thorough examination of the various roles social media can play in disseminating information to the public, as well as how individuals behave on social media in the context of public health events, articulates the potential of social media as a platform of public health intervention to address vaccine hesitancy. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelia Cascini
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Ana Pantovic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Giovanna Failla
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Valeria Puleo
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Andriy Melnyk
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Alberto Lontano
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
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40
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Massie J, Paxton GA, Crawford N, Danchin MH. Vaccination of young people from 12 years of age for COVID-19 against parents' wishes. Med J Aust 2022; 216:455-457. [PMID: 35066905 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Massie
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Georgia A Paxton
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Nigel Crawford
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Margie H Danchin
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
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Tu P, Kotarba M, Bier B, Clark R, Lin C. Internal and External Motivations and Risk Perception toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents in the U.S. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050697. [PMID: 35632453 PMCID: PMC9144597 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccine is widely available to adolescents in the U.S.; however, vaccine hesitancy poses a threat to full coverage. The literature shows that perceived risks and the presence or lack of motivators are determinants for vaccination decisions, yet research evidence from minors is scant. This study adopted the Protection Motivation framework to identify differences in these facilitators and compare the influence of internal and external motivators among American adolescents in COVID-19 vaccine uptake. A nationwide online survey analyzed 13−17-year-old teenagers’ COVID-19 beliefs as well as present or potential reasons for accepting the vaccine. Of the 439 participants, 21.18% were not and did not plan to get vaccinated. Another 52.39% had at least one dosage, of which over three-quarters were internally motivated (whereas those unvaccinated were more likely to be externally motivated, X2 = 4.117, p = 0.042). In unvaccinated individuals, older adolescents reported slightly more internal motivators than younger adolescents (t = −2.023, p = 0.046). Internal motivation was associated with higher risk perception (r2 = 0.06651, p = 0.001), but risk perception had a stronger relationship with vaccination status (r2 = 0.1816, p < 0.001), with vaccinated individuals showing higher risk perception than those unvaccinated (mean difference = 0.42 on a scale of 1−4; t = −3.603, p < 0.001); the risk perception difference was even greater between hesitant and non-hesitant participants (mean difference = 0.63; t = −0.892, p < 0.001). The relationship was moderated by perceived knowledge, where the difference in risk perception between vaccination status was only significant for those with low perceived knowledge (f = 10.59, p = 0.001). Increasing awareness of disease risks and stressing internal motivators may be key to improving uptake in young people. Future research could delve deeper into risk perception formation of adolescents and why and how it differs across populations.
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Reiss MJ. Trust, Science Education and Vaccines. SCIENCE & EDUCATION 2022; 31:1263-1280. [PMID: 35497258 PMCID: PMC9039980 DOI: 10.1007/s11191-022-00339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The issue of trust in science has come to the fore in recent years. I focus on vaccines, first looking at what is known about trust in vaccines and then concentrating on whether what science education teaches about vaccines can be trusted. I present an argument to connect the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy to the issue of trust and then argue for what an education about vaccines in school science might look like that takes seriously the notion of respect for students, including students who hold views about vaccination with which science teachers might disagree. Trust in others (people and institutions) varies greatly, both between countries and within countries, and depends on the characteristics of both trustor and trustee, and there are great differences in the extent to which people trust vaccines. However, it is a mistake to think that people who do not trust vaccines are simply ill-informed. There are a range of reasons for rejecting what is often an unexamined narrative about vaccines, namely that vaccines are always desirable. Many people come from communities that have sound reasons for being suspicious of what they are told by governments, business and the medical establishment. COVID-19 and earlier reactions to vaccination health scares show how important high-quality education about vaccines is. Much of that education can take place out of school, but the foundations are laid in school. Vaccine rejection and hesitancy have major global public health implications. Good quality vaccine education should help students understand about relevant biology and the nature of science; it should also be respectful of all students, including those who come from families that reject vaccines or are hesitant about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Reiss
- IOE, UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London, UK
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43
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Liu Y, Ma Q, Liu H, Guo Z. Public attitudes and influencing factors toward COVID-19 vaccination for adolescents/children: a scoping review. Public Health 2022; 205:169-181. [PMID: 35303534 PMCID: PMC8825307 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically clarify attitudes and influencing factors of the public toward COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This was a scoping review. METHODS This scoping review screened, included, sorted, and analyzed relevant studies on COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents before December 31, 2021, in databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Wiley. RESULTS A total of 34 studies were included. The results showed that the public's acceptance rate toward COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents ranged from 4.9% (southeast Nigerian mothers) to 91% (Brazilian parents). Parents' or adolescents' age, gender, education level, and cognition and behavior characteristics for the vaccines were the central factors affecting vaccination. The vaccine's safety, effectiveness, and potential side-effects were the main reasons affecting vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Realizing current public attitudes of COVID-19 vaccination for adolescents or children can effectively develop intervention measures and control the pandemic as soon as possible through herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Q Ma
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Z Guo
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Adolescents: Cross-Sectional School Survey in Four Chinese Cities Prior to Vaccine Availability. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030452. [PMID: 35335083 PMCID: PMC8952375 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, development and regulatory evaluations have been accelerated for vaccines, authorizing emergency use. To anticipate vaccine preparedness in adolescents, we studied COVID-19 vaccination awareness and willingness to vaccinate before the vaccine became available. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 9153 (4575 boys, 50%) students with a mean age of 14.2 years old in four cities in China to collect information on demographic characteristics and their COVID-19 vaccination concerns. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of vaccine hesitancy (“not sure”) and resistance (“do not want it”). The results showed that 2891 (31.6%) were hesitant and 765 (8.4%) were resistant to being vaccinated. Additionally, multivariable analyses showed that vaccine hesitancy and vaccine resistance were associated with living in the Beijing area (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.40–1.88; OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.44–2.28), lack of influenza vaccination experience (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.14–1.55; OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.25–1.98), no perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.50–1.97; OR = 3.57; 95% CI: 2.86–4.46), and perceiving no cues to action (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 2.56–4.11; OR = 27.68; 95% CI: 21.81–35.13). Postulating a highly effective vaccine (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72–0.98; OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.83) decreased both vaccine hesitancy and resistance. Vaccine hesitancy alone was associated with girls (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09–1.36) and was less common among students boarding at school (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68–0.92), postulating convenient vaccine access (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73–0.96), and having doctors’ recommendation (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76–0.98). In conclusion, the results of the study showed that vaccine hesitancy among students in China was associated with limited health literacy and lower risk awareness. Our findings in China suggest that educating youth regarding COVID-19 and the safety and effectiveness of immunization help reduce concerns and increase vaccine confidence and acceptance.
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45
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Li HOY, Pastukhova E, Brandts-Longtin O, Tan MG, Kirchhof MG. YouTube as a source of misinformation on COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-008334. [PMID: 35264318 PMCID: PMC8914400 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have been accessible to the public since December 2020. However, only 58.3% of Americans are fully vaccinated as of 5 November 2021. Numerous studies have supported YouTube as a source of both reliable and misleading information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Misinformation regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines has negatively impacted vaccination intent. To date, the literature lacks a systematic evaluation of YouTube’s content on COVID-19 vaccination using validated scoring tools. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, usability and quality of the most widely viewed YouTube videos on COVID-19 vaccination. Methods A search on YouTube was performed on 21 July 2021, using keywords ‘COVID-19 vaccine’ on a cleared-cache web browser. Search results were sorted by ‘views’, and the top 150 most-viewed videos were collected and analysed. Duplicate, non-English, non-audiovisual, exceeding 1-hour duration, or videos unrelated to COVID-19 vaccine were excluded. The primary outcome was usability and reliability of videos, analysed using the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) score, the modified Journal of the American Medical Association (mJAMA) score and the COVID-19 Vaccine Score (CVS). Results Approximately 11% of YouTube’s most viewed videos on COVID-19 vaccines, accounting for 18 million views, contradicted information from the WHO or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Videos containing non-factual information had significantly lower mDISCERN (p<0.001), mJAMA (p<0.01) and CVS (p<0.001) scores compared with videos with factual information. Videos from government sources had higher mJAMA and CVS scores, but averaged three times the ratio of dislikes to likes, while videos containing non-factual information averaged 14 times more likes than dislikes. Conclusion As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, widespread adoption of vaccination is essential in reducing morbidity, mortality, and returning to some semblance of normalcy. Providing high-quality and engaging health information from reputable sources is essential in addressing vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Oi-Yee Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Pastukhova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marcus G Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark G Kirchhof
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Rodger D, Blackshaw BP. COVID-19 Vaccination Should not be Mandatory for Health and Social Care Workers. New Bioeth 2022; 28:27-39. [PMID: 35049419 DOI: 10.1080/20502877.2022.2025651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A COVID-19 vaccine mandate is being introduced for health and social care workers in England, and those refusing to comply will either be redeployed or have their employment terminated. We argue that COVID-19 vaccination should not be mandatory for these workers for several reasons. First, it ignores their genuine concerns, and fails to respect their moral integrity and bodily autonomy. Second, it risks causing psychological reactance, potentially worsening vaccine hesitancy. Third, Black and minority ethnic workers are less likely to have been vaccinated and therefore may be disproportionately impacted by the implications of the mandate. Fourth, a mandate could have a significant negative effect on service provision. Fifth, waning immunity and new variants mean that booster doses are increasingly likely to be regularly required, meaning that what constitutes being 'fully vaccinated' will be a constantly shifting target. Finally, vaccine mandates may have an adverse effect on health and social care recruitment. We argue that daily rapid antigen testing is a viable alternative to a vaccine mandate that is non-coercive and fair. This could also be supplemented by monetary incentives to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodger
- Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
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47
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Inaba H, Rziankina MF, Hoshino F, Takano K, Potapova KE, Zhmerenetsky KV, Ishigami K. Self-Assessment of Health Status and Willingness to Be Vaccinated in Adolescents from the Niigata Prefecture and the Khabarovsk Region during COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020184. [PMID: 35206799 PMCID: PMC8871567 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the self-assessment of Niigata’s and Khabarovsk’s adolescents’ health status and their willingness to be vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic. A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 735 boys and girls (aged 15 years) from Niigata, Japan (n = 387), and Khabarovsk, Russia (n = 394), between May and July 2021. Specifically, this questionnaire focused on COVID-19, including a self-assessment of health status, adaptation to a new lifestyle, and impressions about the COVID-19 vaccination. The self-assessment was based on a 4-point scale: “Got very bad”; “Got a little bit bad”; “Did not change”; “Got better/I don’t know”. Additionally, binomial logistic regression was conducted to determine the association between the self-assessment of health status and the factors exacerbating their responses. Based on the findings, 25.7 and 29.9% of Niigata and Khabarovsk’s adolescents, respectively, selected “Got very bad” and “Got a little bit bad” for their self-assessments, while the binomial logistic regression showed that the difficulty of adapting to a new lifestyle was a factor worsening the boys’ subjective health. However, the items could not explain the deterioration of their subjective health in girls. Moreover, 76.9% of Niigata’s adolescents were positive about the COVID-19 vaccination, compared to 35.5% of the adolescents in Khabarovsk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Inaba
- Center for Nutrition Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 951-8102, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 951-8102, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina F. Rziankina
- Department of Polyclinic Pediatrics with a Course of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Far Eastern State Medical University, 680000 Khabarovsk, Russia; (M.F.R.); (K.E.P.); (K.V.Z.)
| | - Fumi Hoshino
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 951-8102, Japan;
| | - Kousuke Takano
- Department of Health Information, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 951-8102, Japan; (K.T.); (K.I.)
| | - Kseniia E. Potapova
- Department of Polyclinic Pediatrics with a Course of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Far Eastern State Medical University, 680000 Khabarovsk, Russia; (M.F.R.); (K.E.P.); (K.V.Z.)
| | - Konstantin V. Zhmerenetsky
- Department of Polyclinic Pediatrics with a Course of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Far Eastern State Medical University, 680000 Khabarovsk, Russia; (M.F.R.); (K.E.P.); (K.V.Z.)
| | - Kazuo Ishigami
- Department of Health Information, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 951-8102, Japan; (K.T.); (K.I.)
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48
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Shen C, Rashiwala L, Wiener RC, Findley PA, Wang H, Sambamoorthi U. The association of COVID-19 vaccine availability with mental health among adults in the United States. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:970007. [PMID: 36016977 PMCID: PMC9395690 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.970007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether COVID-19 vaccine approval and availability was associated with reduction in the prevalence of depression and anxiety among adults in the United States. METHODS We adopted cross sectional and quasi-experimental design with mental health measurements before vaccine availability (June 2020, N = 68,009) and after vaccine availability (March 2021, N = 63,932) using data from Census Pulse Survey. Depression and anxiety were derived from PHQ-2 and GAD-2 questionnaires. We compared rates of depression and anxiety between June 2020 and March 2021. Unadjusted and adjusted analysis with replicate weights were conducted. RESULTS Depression prevalence was 25.0% in June 2020 and 24.6% in March 2021; anxiety prevalence was 31.7% in June 2020 and 30.0% in March 2021 in the sample. In adjusted analysis, there were no significant differences in likelihood of depression and anxiety between June 2020 and March 2021. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety were not significantly different between June 2020 and March 2021, which suggests that the pandemic effect continues to persist even with widespread availability of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shen
- Departments of Surgery and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lucy Rashiwala
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - R Constance Wiener
- Department of Dental Public Health and Professional Practice, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | | | - Hao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JPS Health Network, Integrative Emergency Services, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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49
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Impact of information framing and vaccination characteristics on parental COVID-19 vaccine acceptance for children: a discrete choice experiment. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3839-3849. [PMID: 36056176 PMCID: PMC9439717 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to test the influence of vaccination characteristics and gain/loss-framing of information, on parental acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination for their minor children. A discrete choice experiment was conducted among parents of children aged 0-17 years from September to October 2021 in Hong Kong. Respondents were randomly assigned to four groups with different framing of information and asked to choose hypothetical vaccination alternatives, described by seven attributes that were derived from prior qualitative interviews. A mixed logit model was adopted to analyze the effect of attributes and information framing on parental vaccination acceptance. The vaccine acceptance rates under different scenarios were also estimated. A total of 298 valid responses were obtained. It was found that the BioNTech brand, higher efficacy, less serious adverse events and more vaccination coverage in children significantly improved parental acceptance. Additionally, loss-framing increased parental acceptance compared with gain-framing, while the presentation of mortality information did not make a difference. Acceptance was also associated with parental uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and the children's age. CONCLUSION The findings imply that factors including gain/loss information framing, importance of vaccine characteristics, and peer influence have a significant effect on parents' decisions to get their children vaccinated. Parents with younger children had greater vaccine hesitancy, and information framing techniques should be considered in vaccination promotion for combating such vaccine hesitancy. Future studies could be conducted to identify the moderators and mediators of information framing to facilitate its implementation. WHAT IS KNOWN • Parental acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine was found to be associated with various socio-economic and psychosocial factors, while the evidence on impact of vaccination characteristics was limited. • Behavioral interventions, including information framing, have been used to promote various health behaviors. WHAT IS NEW • Loss-framing of information on vaccine effectiveness improves vaccine acceptance, while additional information on how the vaccine reduces death does not make a difference, which can be used to inform communication with the public in vaccination promotion. • The social norm (i.e., the vaccine uptake amongst other people) is important for increasing the parental vaccine acceptance rate.
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50
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Rudan I, Adeloye D, Katikireddi V, Murray J, Simpson C, Shah SA, Robertson C, Sheikh A. The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: A complex discussion on vaccination. J Glob Health 2021; 11:01011. [PMID: 35047183 PMCID: PMC8763337 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Josie Murray
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
| | - Colin Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Chris Robertson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - EAVE II collaboration
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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