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Liao Q, Zhu M, Wu L, Wang D, Wang Z, Zhang S, Cao W, Pan X, Li J, Tang X, Xin J, Sun Y, Zhu J, Wang Z. Probing the capacity of a spatiotemporal deep learning model for short-term PM 2.5 forecasts in a coastal urban area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175233. [PMID: 39102955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Accurate forecast of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is crucial for city air pollution control, yet remains challenging due to the complex urban atmospheric chemical and physical processes. Recently deep learning has been routinely applied for better urban PM2.5 forecasts. However, their capacity to represent the spatiotemporal urban atmospheric processes remains underexplored, especially compared with traditional approaches such as chemistry-transport models (CTMs) and shallow statistical methods other than deep learning. Here we probe such urban-scale representation capacity of a spatiotemporal deep learning (STDL) model for 24-hour short-term PM2.5 forecasts at six urban stations in Rizhao, a coastal city in China. Compared with two operational CTMs and three statistical models, the STDL model shows its superiority with improvements in all five evaluation metrics, notably in root mean square error (RMSE) for forecasts at lead times within 12 h with reductions of 49.8 % and 47.8 % respectively. This demonstrates the STDL model's capacity to represent nonlinear small-scale phenomena such as street-level emissions and urban meteorology that are in general not well represented in either CTMs or shallow statistical models. This gain of small-scale representation in forecast performance decreases at increasing lead times, leading to similar RMSEs to the statistical methods (linear shallow representations) at about 12 h and to the CTMs (mesoscale representations) at 24 h. The STDL model performs especially well in winter, when complex urban physical and chemical processes dominate the frequent severe air pollution, and in moisture conditions fostering hygroscopic growth of particles. The DL-based PM2.5 forecasts align with observed trends under various humidity and wind conditions. Such investigation into the potential and limitations of deep learning representation for urban PM2.5 forecasting could hopefully inspire further fusion of distinct representations from CTMs and deep networks to break the conventional limits of short-term PM2.5 forecasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liao
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wudi Cao
- Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Okura T, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Ishii M, Takeuchi M, Kawakami K. Association Between Asian Dust Exposure and Pneumonia Hospitalization in Western Japan: A Case-Crossover Study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024:10105395241260978. [PMID: 38880973 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241260978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported that Asian dust (AD), a type of desert dust, has harmful effects on human health. This study aimed to examine the association between AD exposure and hospitalization due to pneumonia. Data on patients in Western Japan admitted for pneumonia were included from a real-world database derived from electronic medical records. We used the meteorological observatory data of the most populous city in each prefecture, in which AD event was defined as a loss of visibility from a distance ≤10 km. A case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression model were used. Overall, 12 938 patients were included, and AD exposure events were observed for 557 days. Exposure to an AD event five days prior to hospitalization was significantly associated with hospitalization for pneumonia after adjusting for weather variables (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% confidence interval = [1.01, 1.36]). These findings suggest that AD exposure is associated with an increased rate of admission for pneumonia in Western Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Okura
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Prevention, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ishii
- Department of Medical Information Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masato Takeuchi
- Department of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kazemi Z, Kazemi Z, Jafari AJ, Farzadkia M, Hosseini J, Amini P, Shahsavani A, Kermani M. Estimating the health impacts of exposure to Air pollutants and the evaluation of changes in their concentration using a linear model in Iran. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:56-64. [PMID: 38261924 PMCID: PMC10797144 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In big and industrial cities of developing countries, illness and mortality from long-term exposure to air pollutants have become a serious issue. This research was carried out in 2019-2020 to estimate the health impacts of PM10, NO2 and O3 pollutants by using AirQ+ and R statistical programming software in Arak, Isfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz, Karaj, and Mashhad. Mortality statistics, number of people in required age groups, and amount of pollutants were gathered respectively from different agencies like Statistics and Information Technology of the Ministry of Health, Statistical Center, and Department of Environment and by using Excel, the average 24-hour and 1-hour concentration and maximum 8-hour concentration for PM10, NO2 and O3 pollutants were gathered. We used linear mixed impacts model to account for the longitudinal observations and heterogeneity of the cities. The results of the study showed high number of deaths due to chronic bronchitis in adults, premature death of infants, and respiratory diseases in Mashhad. This research highlights the importance of estimation of health impacts from exposure to air pollutants on residents of the studied cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran
| | - Payam Amini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Du X, Chen R, Kan H. Challenges of Air Pollution and Health in East Asia. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:89-101. [PMID: 38321318 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Air pollution has been a serious environmental and public health issue worldwide, particularly in Asian countries. There have been significant increases in epidemiological studies on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone pollution in East Asia, and an in-depth review of epidemiological evidence is urgent. Thus, we carried out a systematic review of the epidemiological research on PM2.5 and ozone pollution in East Asia released in recent years. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have indicated that PM2.5 and ozone are the most detrimental air pollutants to human health, resulting in substantial disease burdens for Asian populations. Many epidemiological studies of PM2.5 and ozone have been mainly performed in three East Asian countries (China, Japan, and South Korea). We derived the following summary findings: (1) both short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and ozone could raise the risks of mortality and morbidity, emphasizing the need for continuing improvements in air quality in East Asia; (2) the long-term associations between PM2.5 and mortality in East Asia are comparable to those observed in Europe and North America, whereas the short-term associations are relatively smaller in magnitude; and (3) further cohort and intervention studies are required to yield robust and precise evidence that can promote evidence-based policymaking in East Asia. This updated review presented an outline of the health impacts of PM2.5 and ozone in East Asia, which may be beneficial for the development of future regulatory policies and standards, as well as for designing subsequent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Du
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
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Chuang SH, Kuo YJ, Huang SW, Zhang HW, Peng HC, Chen YP. Association Between Long‑Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Rate of Mortality After Hip Fracture Surgery in Patients Older Than 60 Years: Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e46591. [PMID: 38342504 PMCID: PMC10985614 DOI: 10.2196/46591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance postoperative patient survival, particularly in older adults, understanding the predictors of mortality following hip fracture becomes paramount. Air pollution, a prominent global environmental issue, has been linked to heightened morbidity and mortality across a spectrum of diseases. Nevertheless, the precise impact of air pollution on hip fracture outcomes remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aims to comprehensively investigate the profound influence of a decade-long exposure to 12 diverse air pollutants on the risk of post-hip fracture mortality among older Taiwanese patients (older than 60 years). We hypothesized that enduring long-term exposure to air pollution would significantly elevate the 1-year mortality rate following hip fracture surgery. METHODS From Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we obtained the data of patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between July 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Using patients' insurance registration data, we estimated their cumulative exposure levels to sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter having a size of <10 μm (PM10), particulate matter having a size of <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOX), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total hydrocarbons (THC), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and methane (CH4). We quantified the dose-response relationship between these air pollutants and the risk of mortality by calculating hazard ratios associated with a 1 SD increase in exposure levels over a decade. RESULTS Long-term exposure to SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOX, NO, NO2, THC, NMHC, and CH4 demonstrated significant associations with heightened all-cause mortality risk within 1 year post hip fracture surgery among older adults. For older adults, each 1 SD increment in the average exposure levels of SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOX, NO, NO2, THC, NMHC, and CH4 corresponded to a substantial escalation in mortality risk, with increments of 14%, 49%, 18%, 12%, 41%, 33%, 38%, 20%, 9%, and 26%, respectively. We further noted a 35% reduction in the hazard ratio for O3 exposure suggesting a potential protective effect, along with a trend of potentially protective effects of CO2. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive nationwide retrospective study, grounded in a population-based approach, demonstrated that long-term exposure to specific air pollutants significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality within 1 year after hip fracture surgery in older Taiwanese adults. A reduction in the levels of SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, NOX, NO, NO2, THC, NMHC, and CH4 may reduce the risk of mortality after hip fracture surgery. This study provides robust evidence and highlights the substantial impact of air pollution on the outcomes of hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Chuang
- Division of General Practice, Department of Medical Education, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung City, Taitung County, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Zhang
- MetaTrial Research Center, Biomedica Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Peng
- MetaTrial Research Center, Biomedica Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pan R, Song J, Yi W, Liu J, Song R, Li X, Liu L, Yuan J, Wei N, Cheng J, Huang Y, Zhang X, Su H. Heatwave characteristics complicate the association between PM 2.5 components and schizophrenia hospitalizations in a changing climate: Leveraging of the individual residential environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115973. [PMID: 38219619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era characterized by global environmental and climatic changes, understanding the effects of PM2.5 components and heatwaves on schizophrenia (SCZ) is essential for implementing environmental interventions at the population level. However, research in this area remains limited, which highlights the need for further research and effort. We aim to assess the association between exposure to PM2.5 components and hospitalizations for SCZ under different heatwave characteristics. METHODS We conducted a 16 municipalities-wide, individual exposure-based, time-stratified, case-crossover study from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020, encompassing 160736 hospitalizations in Anhui Province, China. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 components were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China dataset. Conditional logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between PM2.5 components and hospitalizations. Additionally, restricted cubic spline models were used to identify protective thresholds of residential environment in response to environmental and climate change. RESULTS Our findings indicate a positive correlation between PM2.5 and its components and hospitalizations. Significantly, a 1 μg/m3 increase in black carbon (BC) was associated with the highest risk, at 1.58% (95%CI: 0.95-2.25). Exposure to heatwaves synergistically enhanced the impact of PM2.5 components on hospitalization risks, and the interaction varied with the intensity and duration of heatwaves. Under the 99th percentile heatwave events, the impact of PM2.5 and its components on hospitalizations was most pronounced, which were PM2.5 (2-4d: 4.59%, 5.09%, and 5.09%), sulfate (2-4d: 21.73%, 23.23%, and 25.25%), nitrate (2-4d: 17.51%, 16.93%, and 20.31%), ammonium (2-4d: 27.49%, 31.03%, and 32.41%), organic matter (2-4d: 32.07%, 25.42%, and 24.48%), and BC (2-4d: 259.36%, 288.21%, and 152.52%), respectively. Encouragingly, a protective effect was observed when green and blue spaces comprised more than 17.6% of the residential environment. DISCUSSION PM2.5 components and heatwave exposure were positively associated with an increased risk of hospitalizations, although green and blue spaces provided a mitigating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuee Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, 241002 Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xulai Zhang
- Anhui Mental Health Center (Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Qin P, Li H, Jiao H, Wei J. Estimation of health risk and economic loss attributable to PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution in Jilin Province, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17717. [PMID: 37853161 PMCID: PMC10584970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient pollutants, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), pose significant risks to both public health and economic development. In recent years, PM2.5 concentration in China has decreased significantly, whereas that of O3 has increased rapidly, leading to considerable health risks. In this study, a generalized additive model was employed to establish the relationship of PM2.5 and O3 exposure with non-accidental mortality across 17 districts and counties in Jilin Province, China, over 2015-2016. The health burden and economic losses attributable to PM2.5 and O3 were assessed using high-resolution satellite and population data. According to the results, per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations related to an overall relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 1.004 (1.001-1.007) and 1.009 (1.005-1.012), respectively. In general, the spatial distribution of mortality and economic losses was uneven. Throughout the study period, a total of 23,051.274 mortalities and 27,825.015 million Chinese Yuan (CNY) in economic losses were attributed to O3 exposure, which considerably surpassing the 5,450.716 mortalities and 6,553,780 million CNY in economic losses attributed to PM2.5 exposure. The O3-related health risks and economic losses increased by 3.75% and 9.3% from 2015 to 2016, while those linked to PM2.5 decreased by 23.33% and 18.7%. Sensitivity analysis results indicated that changes in pollutant concentrations were the major factors affecting mortality rather than baseline mortality and population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wanci Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengpeng Qin
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoran Jiao
- Meteorological Observatory, Liaoning Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 20740, USA
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Choi W, Ho CH, Kim KY. Critical contribution of moisture to the air quality deterioration in a warm and humid weather. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4260. [PMID: 36918586 PMCID: PMC10014886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of air quality that threatens human health is recognized as focal compound hazard. Here, decisive thermodynamic conditions for activation of secondary aerosol formation have been investigated focused on Korea. In a dry environment with relative humidity < 60%, gas phase reaction to form fine particles depended largely on surface temperature. In a wet environment (relative humidity ≥ 60%), however, aqueous phase reaction of secondary inorganic aerosols, which are sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, accounting for 67% of the total aerosol mass, was more activated. Thus, humidity is as important as temperature in the secondary production of aerosol; air quality often worsened when a low-pressure system was predominant over the Korean Peninsula. It is rather different from the general synoptic conditions of high concentrations of particulate matters characterized by high pressure and atmospheric stagnation. This study suggests additional favorable condition and responsible mechanism of air quality hazards that may be frequent in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Choi
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoi Ho
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ka-Young Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Li T, Zhang Q, Peng Y, Guan X, Li L, Mu J, Wang X, Yin X, Wang Q. Contributions of various driving factors to air pollution events: Interpretability analysis from Machine learning perspective. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107861. [PMID: 36898175 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The air quality in China has been improved substantially, however fine particulate matter (PM2.5) still remain at a high level in many areas. PM2.5 pollution is a complex process that is attributed to gaseous precursors, chemical, and meteorological factors. Quantifying the contribution of each variable to air pollution can facilitate the formulation of effective policies to precisely eliminate air pollution. In this study, we first used decision plot to map out the decision process of the Random Forest (RF) model for a single hourly data set and constructed a framework for analyzing the causes of air pollution using multiple interpretable methods. Permutation importance was used to qualitatively analyze the effect of each variable on PM2.5 concentrations. The sensitivity of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA): SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ to PM2.5 was verified by Partial dependence plot (PDP). Shapley Additive Explanation (Shapley) was used to quantify the contribution of drivers behind the ten air pollution events. The RF model can accurately predict PM2.5 concentrations, with determination coefficient (R2) of 0.94, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.4 μg/m3 and 5.7 μg/m3, respectively. This study revealed that the order of sensitivity of SIA to PM2.5 was NH4+>NO3->SO42-. Fossil fuel and biomass combustion may be contributing factors to air pollution events in Zibo in 2021 autumn-winter. NH4+ contributed 19.9-65.4 μg/m3 among ten air pollution events (APs). K, NO3-, EC and OC were the other main drivers, contributing 8.7 ± 2.7 μg/m3, 6.8 ± 7.5 μg/m3, 3.6 ± 5.8 μg/m3 and 2.5 ± 2.0 μg/m3, respectively. Lower temperature and higher humidity were vital factors that promoted the formation of NO3-. Our study may provide a methodological framework for precise air pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshuai Li
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan 250101, PR China.
| | - Xu Guan
- Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jiangshan Mu
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xianwei Yin
- Zibo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Zibo 255040, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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10
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Feng Q, Chen Y, Su S, Zhang X, Lin X. Acute effect of fine particulate matter and respiratory mortality in Changsha, China: a time-series analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:416. [PMID: 36368963 PMCID: PMC9652800 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have confirmed that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with respiratory disease mortality. However, due to the differences in PM2.5 concentration, composition and population susceptibility within different regions, the estimates of the association between PM2.5 concentration and mortality are different. Moreover, few studies have examined the potential hazard of excessive PM2.5 exposure in terms of respiratory disease mortality. Methods Daily recorded data on meteorological indices, environmental pollutants, and causes of death data in Changsha from January 2015 to December 2018 were obtained. The potential relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory disease mortality was determined using distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM), which includes the relative risk (RR) and cumulative relative risk (CRR) of the lagged effect. The synergistic effects of other air pollutants were also considered. Results A total of 8,825 cases of respiratory disease mortality occurred in Changsha between 2015 and 2018. The acute effect of PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease mortality. Regarding the lag specific effect, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration on respiratory disease mortality was statistically significant at lag day 0 and lag day 7 with a relative risk of 1.019 (95% CI 1.007- 1.031) and 1.013(95%CI: 1.002-1.024). As for the cumulative lag effect, a 4-day moving average of PM2.5 concentrations was significantly associated with a cumulative relative risk of 1.027 (95%CI: 1.011-1.031). The single-day lag effect and cumulative 4-day lag effect for male individuals were more significant than those observed in females. The effect of PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory disease mortality remained statistically significant in the multi-pollutant models (SO2, NO2, and O3). A higher risk was observed in the cold season than in the warm season. Conclusions Our findings show a potential association between exposure to PM2.5 concentration and respiratory disease mortality in Changsha, with male individuals observed to have particularly higher risk.
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11
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Li G, Zhao H, Hu M, He J, Yang W, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Zhu J, Huang F. Short-term exposure to six air pollutants and cause-specific cardiovascular mortality of nine counties or districts in Anhui Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75072-75085. [PMID: 35648349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has attracted global attention. Meanwhile, CVD has become the leading cause of death in China. Some epidemiological studies have indicated that ambient air pollution may contribute to increased mortality from CVD diseases. Many studies have found a strong association between air pollutants and the risk of CVD deaths in some big cities, but few have focused on the effects of six pollutants in rural areas. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of six air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10, and SO2) on CVD deaths of rural areas in Anhui Province and to further clarify which populations were susceptible to air pollution. First, the generalized additive models were combined with the distributed lag nonlinear models to evaluate the individual effects of air pollution on CVD deaths in each area. Then, random-effects models were used to aggregate the associations between air pollutants and CVD mortality risk in nine regions. Overall, all six pollutants had a statistically significant effect on the risk of CVD deaths on the lag 07 days. The associations between PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 and daily CVD deaths were strongest, with maximum cumulative RR (lag 07) of 1.91 (1.64-2.18), 2.27 (1.50-3.05), and 2.13 (1.44-2.82). In general, we found that six air pollutants were the important risk factors for CVD and specific CVD deaths in Anhui Province. The elderly were susceptible to PM2.5, PM10, and SO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jialiu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hanshuang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jinliang Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Jin Y, Cui H, Chen L, Sun K, Liu Z. Effects of airway deformation and alveolar pores on particle deposition in the lungs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154931. [PMID: 35364181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The distal lung (G14-G23), which are composed of alveoli and bronchi, are responsible for almost all gas exchange and micro- and nanoparticle deposition in the lungs. In the existing research using computational fluid dynamics, the geometric modeling accuracy of the bronchial bifurcation structure is given priority, and then the alveoli are attached to bronchi as discrete spherical crowns. This method ignores the correlation between alveoli. In fact, the alveoli have a tessellated distribution, and adjacent alveoli are connected by several alveolar pores. Due to the huge number of alveoli, this seemingly small difference will be greatly amplified, which may lead to a large deviation in the prediction of the overall flow. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to construct a two-dimensional distal lung model including the bronchi, acini, and alveolar pores by using the methods of regular hexagonal tessellational subdivision, fusion, and coordinate transformation. A moving boundary is introduced to simulate the process of airflow and particle deposition in the distal lung, and the effects of bronchial deformation, respiratory frequency, and alveolar pores are obtained. The results show that there are significant differences in intrapulmonary flow patterns with and without alveolar pores. Alveolar pores can establish bypass ventilation downstream of a blockage, thus providing a pathway for particles to enter the airways downstream of the blockage. Changing the respiratory frequency and the amplitude of bronchial deformation will change the relative velocity between particles and moving wall, which, in turn, will change the particle deposition efficiency in the distal lung. To summarize this study, a geometric modeling method for the distal lung with alveolar pores is established, and the important roles of detailed characteristics of the distal lung are revealed. The findings of this study provide a reasonable hydrodynamic mechanism for the prevention of related respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Jin
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Haihang Cui
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Li Chen
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Microwave Device and Integrated Circuits Laboratory, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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13
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Tian F, Qi J, Qian Z, Li H, Wang L, Wang C, Geiger SD, McMillin SE, Yin P, Lin H, Zhou M. Differentiating the effects of air pollution on daily mortality counts and years of life lost in six Chinese megacities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154037. [PMID: 35192816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been widely associated with increased mortality and years of life lost (YLL) from various diseases. However, no study has assessed that the effects of air pollution on overall YLL were due to increased number of mortalities or average YLL per death. METHODS We first conducted a time-series study from 2013 to 2016, covering six Chinese megacities. Generalized additive models with a Gaussian link were utilized to estimate the associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with daily overall YLL and average YLL per death from various causes, including non-accidental causes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), stroke and acute myocardial infraction (AMI). The city-specific estimates were then pooled by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 1,586,741 deaths from non-accidental causes and 21,916,857 YLLs were recorded in the six cities, providing an average of 13.81 daily YLLs per death. Significant effects of PM2.5 and NO2 on daily overall YLL and daily mortality count were observed, but there were no significant effects on average YLL per death. At the pooled level, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with increased YLL and higher mortality due to non-accidental causes [PM2.5: 5.45 years, 95% CI: 1.47, 9.42 and ERR (excess relative risk) = 0.25%, 95% CI: 0.14%, 0.35%; NO2: 20.46 years, 95% CI: 10.77, 30.15 and ERR = 1.13%, 95% CI: 0.63%, 1.63%]. Consistent results and patterns were observed for other cause-specific diseases, including IHD, COPD, stroke and AMI. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates observed associations between air pollution and YLL might be mainly induced by increasing mortality count, rather than increasing average life lost for each death. More relevant intervention should be performed to reduce the number of deaths due to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Khan Annex, 1206 S. Fourth St, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis. MO 63103, USA
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Joshi P, Dey S, Ghosh S, Jain S, Sharma SK. Association between Acute Exposure to PM 2.5 Chemical Species and Mortality in Megacity Delhi, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7275-7287. [PMID: 35467339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The association between daily all-cause mortality and short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is well established in the literature. However, association between acute exposure to PM2.5 chemical species and mortality is not well known, especially in developing countries like India. Here we examined associations between mortality and acute exposure to PM2.5 mass concentration and their 15 chemical components using data from 2013 to 2016 in megacity Delhi using a semiparametric quasi-Poisson regression model, adjusting for mean temperature, relative humidity, and long-term time trend as the major potential confounders. Mortality estimates were further checked for effect modification by sex, age group, and season. The subspecies of NO3-, NH4NO3, Cr, NH4+, EC, and OC showed a higher mortality impact than the total PM2.5 mass. Males were at higher risk from NO3-, SO42-, and their NH4+ compounds along with carcinogen Cr, whereas female group was at higher risk from EC and OC. Among all age groups, the elderly above 65 years were the most vulnerable group prone to mortality effects from maximum species. The major mortality risk from all hazardous species arose from their winter exposures. Our study provides the first evidence of association between acute exposure to PM2.5 chemical species and mortality anywhere in India and recommends similar studies in other regions so that sectoral mitigation emitting the most toxic species can be prioritized to maximize the health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Joshi
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
- Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
- School of Public Policy, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Santu Ghosh
- St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru 560034, India
| | - Srishti Jain
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, Delhi 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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15
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Park EH, Kim H, Heo J. The impact of size-segregated particle properties on daily mortality in Seoul, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45248-45260. [PMID: 35141828 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the causative component for certain health outcomes, the associations between the properties of ambient particles and cause-specific mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory-related mortality) measured in Seoul, Korea, from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016, were evaluated with a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model (GAM). The total mass of PM10 and PM2.5 moderately affected respiratory-related mortality but had almost no impact on all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality. Among PM2.5 mass compositions, ammonium sulfate, which is in generally 300-500 nm as a secondary species, showed the most statistically significant effect on respiratory-related mortality at lag 4 (p < 0.1) but not for other mortalities. However, from the size-selective investigations, cardiovascular-related mortality was impacted by particle number concentrations (PNCs), particle surface concentrations (PSCs), and particle volume concentrations (PVCs) in the size range from 50 to 200 nm with a statistically significant association, particularly at lag 1, suggesting that mass is not the only way to examine mortality, which is likely because mass and chemical composition concentrations are generally controlled by larger-sized particles. Our study suggests that the size-specific mortality and/or impacts of size-resolved properties on mortalities need to be evaluated since smaller particles get into the body more efficiently, and therefore, more diverse size-dependent causes and effects can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Park
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongbae Heo
- Busan Development Institute, Busan, 47210, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ji Y, Liu B, Song J, Cheng J, Wang H, Su H. Association between traffic-related air pollution and anxiety hospitalizations in a coastal Chinese city: are there potentially susceptible groups? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112832. [PMID: 35104480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Motor vehicle exhaust emissions have become the main source of urban air pollution in China, but few studies have explored the association of short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) with anxiety disorders. Thus, we used an overdispersed, generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the association between TRAPs and hospital admissions (HAs) for anxiety in Qingdao, a coastal Chinese city with high vehicle ownership. In addition, stratified analyses were performed by gender, age, season and hospitalization frequency (first admission and readmission). A positive association between TRAPs and HAs for anxiety was observed. Both inhalable particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) showed significant effects at lag 3 in the single-day lag structure, and each 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentrations was significantly associated with increases of 0.88% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04%, 1.72%] for PM10 and 2.74% (0.45%, 5.08%) for NO2 on anxiety hospitalizations. For fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), the strongest effects were found at lag05 and lag04 [2.67% (0.77%, 4.62%) and 0.19% (0.04%, 0.34%), respectively] in the multiday lag structure. The estimates of PM2.5 were relatively robust after adjusting for other pollutants in the two-pollutant model. Stratified analyses indicated that the associations were stronger in females and younger individuals (<45 in age) than in males and elderly individuals (≥45 in age). Furthermore, the effects of PM2.5 and CO were most obvious during the cold season. Regarding hospitalization frequency, only PM2.5 was found to have a significant effect in the first-admission group. The results showed that short-term exposure to TRAPs, especially to PM2.5, was significantly associated with the increased risk of daily HAs for anxiety, which can help clinicians and policymakers better understand the effects of TRAPs to implement targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Ji
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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17
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Zhang Z, Su Y, Jing R, Qi J, Qi X, Xie Z, Cui B. Acute and lag effects of ambient fine particulate matter on the incidence of dyslipidemia in Chengdu, China: A time-series study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37919-37929. [PMID: 35072876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High levels of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) might increase the risk of death due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As a critical risk factor for CVDs, dyslipidemia can cause CVDs or exacerbate pre-existing ones. This study aimed to investigate whether a short-time exposure to PM2.5 leads to dyslipidemia (HyperTC, HyperLDL-C, HyperTG and HypoHDL-C) in adults. The serum lipid data were provided by the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Medical Examination Center. We included 309,654 subjects aged 18-79 between May 10, 2015, and May 10, 2017. An advanced distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was applied to investigate the acute and lag effects of ambient PM2.5 on the risk of dyslipidemia. This study was also stratified by sex, age, BMI and season to examine potential effect modification. We observed that the associations between an interquartile increase in PM2.5 (43 μg/m3) and dyslipidemia were [relative risk (RR); 95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.042 (1.013, 1.071) for HyperLDL-C and 1.027 (1.006, 1.049) for HyperTC at lag0 day. The lag effects were found at lag6 day for HyperLDL-C, in lag4-6 days for HyperTC and lag4-7 days for HyperTG. Short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 was related to dyslipidemia and the effect modification was observed in the subgroup analysis. The female and normal-weight populations were more susceptible to the risks of PM2.5 on HyperLDL-C and HyperTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Su
- Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Renjie Jing
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiying Qi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Qi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Chen R, Jiang Y, Hu J, Chen H, Li H, Meng X, Ji JS, Gao Y, Wang W, Liu C, Fang W, Yan H, Chen J, Wang W, Xiang D, Su X, Yu B, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Li C, Chen Y, Bell ML, Cohen AJ, Ge J, Huo Y, Kan H. Hourly Air Pollutants and Acute Coronary Syndrome Onset In 1.29 Million Patients. Circulation 2022; 145:1749-1760. [PMID: 35450432 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked with daily hospitalization and mortality of acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, the associations of sub-daily (hourly) levels of criteria air pollutants with the onset of ACS and its subtypes have rarely been evaluated. Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study among 1,292,880 ACS patients from 2,239 hospitals in 318 Chinese cities between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2020. Hourly concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were collected. Hourly onset data of ACS and its subtypes, including ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina, were also obtained. Conditional logistic regressions combined with polynomial distributed lag models were applied. Results: Acute exposures to PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO were each associated with the onset of ACS and its subtype. These associations were strongest in the concurrent hour of exposure and were attenuated thereafter, with the weakest effects observed after 15-29 hours. There were no apparent thresholds in the concentration-response curves. An interquartile range increase in concentrations of PM2.5 (36.0 μg/m3), NO2 (29.0 μg/m3), SO2 (9.0 μg/m3), and CO (0.6 mg/m3) over the 0-24 hours preceding onset was significantly associated with 1.32%, 3.89%, 0.67%, and 1.55% higher risks of ACS onset, respectively. For a given pollutant, the associations were comparable in magnitude across different subtypes of ACS. Generally, NO2 showed the strongest associations with all three subtypes, followed by PM2.5, CO, and SO2. Greater magnitude of associations was observed among patients older than 65, without a history of smoking or chronic cardiorespiratory diseases, and in the cold season. Null associations of exposure to either PM2.5-10 or O3 with ACS onset were observed. Conclusions: The results suggest that transient exposure to the air pollutants of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, but not PM2.5-10 or O3, may trigger the onset of ACS, even at concentrations below the World Health Organization air-quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Huichu Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbing Yan
- Center for Coronary Artery Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; Center for Coronary Artery Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiman Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingcheng Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan ASIA General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lefeng Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Aaron J Cohen
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
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19
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Li R, Hou J, Tu R, Liu X, Zuo T, Dong X, Pan M, Yin S, Hu K, Mao Z, Huo W, Li S, Guo Y, Chen G, Wang C. Associations of mixture of air pollutants with estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk modified by socio-economic status: The Henan Rural Cohort Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148542. [PMID: 34174609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socio-economic status (SES) and exposure to single-air pollutant relate to increased prevalent atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), however, interactive effect between SES and exposure to single- or multiple-air pollutants on high 10-year ASCVD risk remains unclear. METHODS A total of 31,162 individuals were derived from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Concentrations of air pollutants (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) or ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) were assessed using a spatiotemporal model based on satellites data. Independent and joint associations of SES, single- and multiple- air pollutants with high 10-year ASCVD risk were evaluated using logistic regression models, quantile g-computation and structural equation models. The interactive effects of SES and exposure to single- or multiple air pollutants on high 10-year ASCVD risk were visualized by using Interaction plots. RESULTS Exposure to single air pollutant (PM1, PM2.5, PM10 or NO2) related to increased high 10-year ASCVD risk among individuals with low education level or personal average monthly income, compared to the ones with high education level or personal average monthly income. Furthermore, similar results of exposure to mixture of air pollutants with high 10-year ASCVD risk were observed. Positive interactive effects between low SES and exposure to high single air pollutant or the mixture of air pollutants on high 10-year ASCVD risk were observed. CONCLUSION Positive association of low SES with high 10-year ASCVD risk was amplified by exposure to high levels of single air pollutant or a mixture of air pollutants, implying that individuals with low SES may more susceptible to air pollution-related adverse health effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Runqi Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Tantan Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Mingming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Department of health policy research, Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of health policy research, Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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20
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Sun S, Zhang Q, Sui X, Ding L, Liu J, Yang M, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Hao J, Zhang X, Lin S, Ding R, Cao J. Associations between air pollution exposure and birth defects: a time series analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4379-4394. [PMID: 33864585 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental problem in China. Birth defects are particularly vulnerable to outdoor air pollution. Our study was to evaluate the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and the risk of birth defects. Daily data including the air pollutants, meteorological characteristics, and birth records were obtained in Hefei, China, during January 2013 to December 2016. The findings showed that PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3 exposures were positively correlated with the risk of birth defects. Maternal exposure to PM2.5 and SO2 during the 4th to 13th gestational weeks was observed to have a significant association with the risk of birth defects, with the maximum effect in the 7th or 8th week for PM2.5 and the maximum effect in the 7th week for SO2. The positively significant exposure windows were the 4th to 14th weeks for PM10, the 4th to 12th weeks for NO2, and the 26th to 35th weeks for O3, respectively. The strongest associations were observed in the 8th week for PM10, the 7th week for NO2, and in the 31st or 32nd week for O3. The findings of this study demonstrate that air pollutants increase the risk of birth defects among women during pregnancy in Hefei, China, which provide evidence for improving the health of pregnant women and neonates in developing countries, and uncovered potential opportunities to reduce or prevent birth defects by proactive measures during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xinmiao Sui
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shilei Lin
- Department of Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Department of Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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21
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Huang G, Brown PE, Fu SH, Shin HH. Daily mortality/morbidity and air quality: Using multivariate time series with seasonally varying covariances. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Huang
- Department of Statistical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Global Health Research St Michael’s Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Patrick E. Brown
- Department of Statistical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Global Health Research St Michael’s Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sze Hang Fu
- Centre for Global Health Research St Michael’s Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau Health Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
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22
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Wang X, Leng M, Liu Y, Qian ZM, Zhang J, Li Z, Sun L, Qin L, Wang C, Howard SW, Vaughn MG, Yan Y, Lin H. Different sized particles associated with all-cause and cause-specific emergency ambulance calls: A multicity time-series analysis in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147060. [PMID: 34088160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with mortality and hospital admission, emergency ambulance calls (EACs) could be a more accurate outcome indicator to reflect the health effects of short-term air pollution exposure. However, such studies have been scarce, especially on a multicity scale in China. METHODS We estimated the associations of different diameter particles [i.e., inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)] with EACs for all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases in seven Chinese cities. We collected data on EACs and air pollution from 2014 to 2019. We used generalized additive models and random-effects meta-analysis to examine the city-specific and overall associations. Stratified analyses were conducted to examine the effect modifications of gender, age, and season. RESULTS Significant associations of PM10 and PM2.5 with EACs were observed, while the PMc associations were positive but not statistically significant in most analyses. Specifically, each 10 μg/m3 increase in 2-day moving average concentration of PM10 was associated with a 0.25% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04%, 0.47%] increase in all-cause EACs, 0.13% (95% CI: -0.01%, 0.26%) in cardiovascular EACs, and 0.35% (95% CI: 0.04%, 0.66%) in respiratory EACs. The corresponding increases in daily EACs for PM2.5 were 0.30% (95% CI, 0.03%, 0.57%), 0.13% (95% CI, -0.07%, 0.33%), and 0.46% (95% CI, 0.01%, 0.92%). Season of the year also modifies the association between particulate matter pollution and EACs. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 were positively associated with daily all-cause and respiratory-related EACs. The associations were stronger during warm season than cold season. Our findings suggest that the most harmful fraction of particulate matter pollution is PM2.5, which has important implications for current air quality guidelines and regulations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Leng
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, USA
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen Sun
- Huairou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Qin
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Steven W Howard
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, USA
| | - Yue Yan
- Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China..
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Nirel R, Levy I, Adar SD, Vakulenko-Lagun B, Peretz A, Golovner M, Dayan U. Concentration-response relationships between hourly particulate matter and ischemic events: A case-crossover analysis of effect modification by season and air-mass origin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143407. [PMID: 33199016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Most studies linking cardiovascular disease with particulate matter (PM) exposures have focused on total mass concentrations, regardless of their origin. However, the origin of an air mass is inherently linked to particle composition and possible toxicity. We examine how the concentration-response relation between hourly PM exposure and ischemic events is modified by air-mass origin and season. Using telemedicine data, we conducted a case-crossover study of 1855 confirmed ischemic cardiac events in Israel (2005-2013). Based on measurements at three fixed-sites in Tel Aviv and Haifa, ambient PM with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 2.5-10 μm (PM10-2.5) concentrations during the hours before event onset were compared with matched control periods using conditional logistic regression that allowed for non-linearity. We also examined effect modification of these associations based on the geographical origin of each air mass by season. Independent of the geographical origin of the air mass, we observed concentration-response curves that were supralinear. For example, the overall odds ratios (ORs) of ischemic events for an increase of 10-μg/m3 in the 2-h average of PM10-2.5 were 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.14) and 1.00 (0.99-1.01) at the median (17.8 μg/m3) and 95th percentile (82.3 μg/m3) values, respectively. Associations were strongest at low levels of PM10-2.5 when air comes from central Europe in the summer (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.52). Our study demonstrates that hourly associations between PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 and ischemic cardiac events are supralinear during diverse pollution conditions in a single population that experiences a wide range of exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Nirel
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ilan Levy
- Air quality and Climate Change Division, Israel Ministry for Environment Protection, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Bella Vakulenko-Lagun
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Alon Peretz
- Occupational Medicine Clinic, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqua, Israel.
| | | | - Uri Dayan
- Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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24
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Yang L, Zhang H, Zhang X, Xing W, Wang Y, Bai P, Zhang L, Hayakawa K, Toriba A, Tang N. Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2177. [PMID: 33672189 PMCID: PMC7926315 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a major factor contributing to air quality deterioration that enters the atmosphere as a consequence of various natural and anthropogenic activities. In PM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of organic chemicals with at least two aromatic rings that are mainly directly emitted via the incomplete combustion of various organic materials. Numerous toxicological and epidemiological studies have proven adverse links between exposure to particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs and human health due to their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Among human exposure routes, inhalation is the main pathway regarding PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere. Moreover, the concentrations of PM-bound PAHs differ among people, microenvironments and areas. Hence, understanding the behaviour of PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere is crucial. However, because current techniques hardly monitor PAHs in real-time, timely feedback on PAHs including the characteristics of their concentration and composition, is not obtained via real-time analysis methods. Therefore, in this review, we summarize personal exposure, and indoor and outdoor PM-bound PAH concentrations for different participants, spaces, and cities worldwide in recent years. The main aims are to clarify the characteristics of PM-bound PAHs under different exposure conditions, in addition to the health effects and assessment methods of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Wanli Xing
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Pengchu Bai
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.X.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Akira Toriba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (L.Z.); (K.H.)
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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25
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Zhou H, Geng H, Dong C, Bai T. The short-term harvesting effects of ambient particulate matter on mortality in Taiyuan elderly residents: A time-series analysis with a generalized additive distributed lag model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111235. [PMID: 32942099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation on mortality displacement and distributed lag effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) on death risks is important to understand the positive association of short-term pollution from both ambient PM10 and PM2.5 with daily mortality. Herein, short-term influences of urban PM10 and PM2.5 exposure on the mortality of respiratory diseases (RD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were studied at Taiyuan, China, a typical inland city suffering from heavy ambient PM loading and having high morbidity of RD and CVD. Using a time-series analysis with generalized additive distributed lag model (DLM), the potential mortality displacement was determined and the single-day and cumulative lag-day effects of PM on mortality were estimated after the daily mass concentrations of urban PM2.5 and PM10 from January 2013 to October 2015 and the daily number of non-accidental death (NAD) and cause-specific mortality in the residents aged more than 65 years old were obtained. Results showed there were significant associations of PM2.5 and PM10 with daily mortality on the current day and within one week. And a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the cumulative effect estimates of PM2.5 and PM10 on CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and myocardial infarction (MI) mortality (as well as PM2.5 on NAD) was observed, while the associations of PM2.5 with RD and pneumonia mortality, PM10 with NAD and RD mortality were not statistically significant, when the exposure window was extended to lag 0-30 days. It was concluded that there were harvesting effects and cumulative effects of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 on the elderly residents' mortality due to RD and CVD at Taiyuan and they could be estimated quantitatively when the broader time window was used, suggesting that the underestimation on the association of ambient PM with non-accidental death can be avoided using the present method in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hong Geng
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of pathology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Jung S, Park J, Park J, Jo H, Seo CS, Jeon WY, Lee MY, Kwon BI. Sojadodamgangki-tang attenuates allergic lung inflammation by inhibiting T helper 2 cells and Augmenting alveolar macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113152. [PMID: 32755652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sojadodamgangki-tang (SDG) is a traditional East-Asian herbal medicine mainly composed of Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) Makino, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt and 10 kinds of medicinal herbs. It has been used to treat asthma and mucus secretion including lung and bronchi. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Sojadodamgangki-tang (SDG) on allergic lung inflammation in vitro and in vivo as well as the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine allergic airway inflammation model. Five groups of 8-week-old female BALB/C mice were divided into the following groups: saline control group, the vehicle (allergic) group that received OVA only, groups that received OVA and SDG (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg), and a positive control group that received OVA and Dexamethasone (5 mg/kg). In vitro experiments include T helper 2 (TH2) polarization system, murine macrophage cell culture, and human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) culture. RESULTS SDG administration reduced allergic airway inflammatory cell infiltration, especially of eosinophils, mucus production, Th2 cell activation, OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and total IgE production. Moreover, the activation of alveolar macrophages, which leads to immune tolerance in the steady state, was promoted by SDG treatment. Interestingly, SDG treatment also reduced the production of alarmin cytokines by the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B stimulated with urban particulate matter. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that SDG has potential as a therapeutic drug to inhibit Th2 cell activation and promote alveolar macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junkyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea; Kyunghee University Medical Center, Kyunghee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanna Jo
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Young Jeon
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo-In Kwon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Tian F, Qi J, Wang L, Yin P, Qian ZM, Ruan Z, Liu J, Liu Y, McMillin SE, Wang C, Lin H, Zhou M. Differentiating the effects of ambient fine and coarse particles on mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases: A nationwide multicity study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106096. [PMID: 32916417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both inhalable particles (PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) are regulated in various countries mainly due to their adverse health effects. However, there is increasing evidence that PM2.5 might be responsible for these effects and coarse particles (PMc) plays little role in adverse health effects, if so, it might be not necessary to monitor PM10. METHODS In this study, we conducted a time-series analysis using a generalized additive model to explore the effects of PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 on mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 96 Chinese cities during 2013-2016. The mortality number and attributable fraction were further estimated using the national air quality standard and WHO's guideline as the reference. RESULTS We observed significant effects of PM2.5 on IHD and COPD mortality; each 10 ug/m3 increase in lag01 PM2.5 was associated with a 0.26% (95% CI: 0.17%, 0.34%) increase in IHD mortality and a 0.19% (95% CI: 0.09%, 0.29%) increase in COPD mortality. We also found significant effects of PMc and PM10 on mortality from IHD and COPD, but the magnitudes of effects were weaker than those of PM2.5. The results were robust when adjusting for co-pollutants and altering model parameters. We further estimated that about 1.27% (95% CI: 0.29%, 2.30%) of IHD mortality and 1.25% (95% CI: 0.08%, 2.46%) of COPD mortality could be attributable to PM2.5 exposure using WHO's guideline (25 ug/m3) as a reference, corresponding to 15,337 (95% CI: 3,375, 27,842) mortalities from IHD and 5,653 (95% CI: 379, 11,152) COPD mortalities in the 96 cities. Across all of China, almost fifty thousand cases of IHD mortality and twenty thousand cases of COPD mortality might be avoidable if the PM2.5 concentration declined to the WHO guideline. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that short-term exposure to PM2.5 could be an important risk factor of mortality from IHD and COPD, and substantial cardiopulmonary mortality could be avoidable by reducing daily PM2.5 concentrations. It is nonnegligible to consider the role of PMc in triggering in cardiopulmonary mortality. And it could be necessary to continue monitoring PM10 in the study regions due to the adverse effects of PMc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | | | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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Davis E, Malig B, Broadwin R, Ebisu K, Basu R, Gold EB, Qi L, Derby CA, Park SK, Wu XM. Association between coarse particulate matter and inflammatory and hemostatic markers in a cohort of midlife women. Environ Health 2020; 19:111. [PMID: 33153486 PMCID: PMC7643259 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; however, most studies have focused on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and CVD. Coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) exposure has not been extensively studied, particularly for long-term exposure, and the biological mechanisms remain uncertain. METHODS We examined the association between ambient concentrations of PM10-2.5 and inflammatory and hemostatic makers that have been linked to CVD. Annual questionnaire and clinical data were obtained from 1694 women (≥ 55 years old in 1999) enrolled in the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) at six study sites from 1999 to 2004. Residential locations and the USEPA air monitoring network measurements were used to assign exposure to one-year PM10-2.5, as well as co-pollutants. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to describe the association between PM10-2.5 exposure and markers, including demographic, health and other covariates. RESULTS Each interquartile (4 μg/m3) increase in one-year PM10-2.5 exposure was associated with a 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8, 9.4%) increase in levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and 4.1% (95% CI: - 0.1, 8.6%) increase in high-sensitivity C-creative Protein (hs-CRP). Stratified analyses suggested that the association with PAI-1 was particularly strong in some subgroups, including women who were peri-menopausal, were less educated, had a body mass index lower than 25, and reported low alcohol consumption. The association between PM10-2.5 and PAI-1 remained unchanged with adjustment for PM2.5, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. CONCLUSIONS Long-term PM10-2.5 exposure may be associated with changes in coagulation independently from PM2.5, and thus, contribute to CVD risk in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Davis
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Malig
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Rachel Broadwin
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Keita Ebisu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Rupa Basu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Ellen B Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lihong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Derby
- Department of Neurology, and of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiangmei May Wu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1515 Clay Street, 16th Floor, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
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Qiu H, Wang L, Zhou L, Pan J. Coarse particles (PM 2.5-10) and cause-specific hospitalizations in southwestern China: Association, attributable risk and economic costs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:110004. [PMID: 32745536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The short-term morbidity effects of the coarse particle (diameter in 2.5-10 μm, PM2.5-10), as well as the corresponding morbidity burden and economic costs, remain understudied, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to examine the associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations in a multi-city setting in southwestern China and assess the attributable risk and economic costs. City-specific associations were firstly estimated using generalized additive models with quasi-poisson distribution to handle over-dispersion, and then combined to obtain the regional average association. City-specific and pooled concentration-response (C-R) associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations were also modeled. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, season and region. The health and economic burden of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes due to PM2.5-10 were further evaluated. A total of 4,407,601 non-accidental hospitalizations were collected from 678 hospitals. The estimates of percentage change in hospitalizations per 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5-10 at lag01 was 0.68% (95%CI: 0.33%-1.03%) for non-accidental causes, 0.86% (95% CI: 0.36%-1.37%) for circulatory diseases, 1.52% (95% CI: 1.00%-2.05%) for respiratory diseases, 1.08% (95% CI: 0.47%-1.69%) for endocrine diseases, 0.66% (95% CI: 0.12%-1.21%) for nervous system diseases, and 0.84% (95% CI: 0.42%-1.25%) for genitourinary diseases, respectively. The C-R associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations suggested some evidence of nonlinearity, except for endocrine diseases. Meanwhile, the adverse effects were modified by age and season. Overall, about 0.70% (95% CI: 0.35%-1.06%) of non-accidental hospitalizations and 0.78% (95% CI: 0.38%-1.17%) of total hospitalization expenses could be attributed to PM2.5-10. The largest morbidity burden and economic costs were observed in respiratory diseases. Our findings indicate that PM2.5-10 exposure may increase the risk of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes, and account for considerable morbidity and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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30
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Ruan Z, Qian ZM, Xu Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Hang J, Howard S, Acharya BK, Jansson DR, Li H, Sun X, Xu X, Lin H. How longer can people live by achieving the daily ambient fine particulate pollution standards in the Pearl River Delta region, China? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126853. [PMID: 32344230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has reported the effects of long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution on years of life lost (YLL), but these effects may not represent the full impact. This study aims to estimate potential benefits in life time from adhering to daily ambient PM2.5 concentration standards/guidelines. METHODS This study evaluated the relationship between daily ambient PM2.5 level and YLL using a two-stage approach with generalized additive models and meta-analysis. Potential life expectancy gains were then estimated by presuming that daily PM2.5 levels were in compliance with the Chinese and WHO standards. In addition, the attributable fraction of YLL due to excess PM2.5 exposure was also calculated. RESULTS During 2013-2016, 459,468 non-accidental deaths were recorded in the six cities of Pearl River Delta, China. Each 10 μg/m3 increment in four-day average (lag03) level of PM2.5 was related to an increment of 13.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.74, 20.87] years of life lost. Implementation of the WHO guidelines might avoid 180,980.83 YLLs (95% CI: 78,116.07, 283,845.60), which corresponded to 0.39 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.62) years of increased life time per death. Additionally, an estimated 0.15% (95% CI: 0.06%, 0.23%) or 2.04% (95% CI: 0.88%, 3.20%) of YLLs could be attributed to PM2.5 exposures higher than the Chinese or WHO guidelines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that people might live longer by controlling daily PM2.5 concentration and highlights the need to adopt stricter standards in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Steven Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bipin Kumar Acharya
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daire R Jansson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Dong Z, Wang H, Yin P, Wang L, Chen R, Fan W, Xu Y, Zhou M. Time-weighted average of fine particulate matter exposure and cause-specific mortality in China: a nationwide analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e343-e351. [PMID: 32800152 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous assessments of the hazardous effects attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2·5) exposure have used ambient PM2·5 as an exposure metric, resulting in substantial bias in effect estimates. We did a study to examine the association between cause-specific mortality and the time-weighted average of PM2·5 exposure after accounting for indoor exposure in 267 cities in China. METHODS We did a nationwide study, using Laser Egg air quality monitors in 36 cities to obtain data for indoor PM2·5 concentrations from 18 484 anonymised households between Nov 1, 2015 and July 2, 2018. We developed and validated a nationwide indoor PM2·5 prediction model for a further 302 cities by retrieving raw records of hourly concentrations from residents' air sensors; the model was used to predict indoor PM2·5 during 2013 to 2018. Daily ambient PM2·5 concentration data were estimated by averaging hourly ambient PM2·5 concentrations obtained from China's National Urban Air Quality Real-time Publishing Platform. Daily numbers of deaths from all non-accidental causes were obtained from 324 cities from the Disease Surveillance Point System of China between Jan 1, 2013, to Dec 31, 2017, and calculated for 267 cities that had an average daily mortality above three, and data for PM2·5 concentrations and meteorological information for at least 1 year between 2013 and 2017. We used distributed lag non-linear models to estimate city-specific associations between cause-specific mortality and reconstructed PM2·5 exposure by considering indoor PM2·5 exposure. We combined the city-specific effect estimates at the national level using a random effects meta-analysis. FINDINGS 13 972 records of daily indoor PM2·5 concentrations for 36 cities, extracted from 47 459 183 raw records from the sensors were included for modelling indoor PM2·5 levels. The nationwide indoor PM2·5 concentration was 40 μg/m3 (SD 21) between 2013 and 2017, which was approximately 20% lower than the ambient PM2·5 concentration of 50 μg/m3 (42). An increase of 10 μg/m3 in time-averaged PM2·5 exposure concentrations was associated with increased daily mortality estimates of 0·44% (95% CI 0·33-0·54) for total non-accidental causes, 0·50% (0·37-0·63) for cardiovascular diseases, 0·46% (0·28-0·63) for coronary heart disease, 0·49% (0·32-0·66) for stroke, 0·59% (0·39-0·79) for respiratory diseases, and 0·69% (0·45-0·92) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively. Compared with previous estimations based on ambient PM2·5, our estimates approximately doubled the size of the effects related to PM2·5. INTERPRETATION This nationwide study revealed a higher mortality risk attributed to time-averaged indoor and ambient PM2·5 exposure compared with the risk associated with ambient PM2·5 exposure alone, which indicates that caution should be exercised when using ambient PM2·5 as a surrogate for PM2·5 exposure. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Program) and the Fundamental Research Project of Beihang University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Security, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilu Xu
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Tu R, Hou J, Liu X, Li R, Dong X, Pan M, Mao Z, Huo W, Chen G, Guo Y, Li S, Wang C. Physical activity attenuated association of air pollution with estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in a large rural Chinese adult population: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105819. [PMID: 32480112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although long-term exposure to air pollution and physical inactivity are linked to increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), however, the interactive effect of air pollution and physical activity (PA) on high 10-year ASCVD risk is largely unknown. METHODS A total of 31,162 individuals aged 35-74 years were derived from the Henan Rural Cohort Study, after individuals with personal histories of ASCVD or missing data on predictors of high 10-year ASCVD risk were excluded. Concentrations of air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamics diameters ≤ 1.0 µm (PM1), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) or ≤10 µm (PM10)) of individuals were estimated using a spatiotemporal model based on satellites data. The metabolic equivalent (MET) of PA of each individual was evaluated using the formula: duration (hour/time) × frequency/week × MET coefficient of each type of activity. Logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between air pollutants, PA and high 10-year ASCVD risk. Interaction plots were used to describe interactive effects of air pollutants and PA on high 10-year ASCVD risk. RESULTS Each 1 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were related to a 4.4% (odds ratio (OR): 1.044, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034, 1.056), 9.1% (OR: 1.091, 95% CI: 1.079, 1.104), 4.6% (OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.040, 1.051) or 6.4% (OR: 1.064, 95% CI: 1.055, 1.072) increase in high 10-year ASCVD risk (all p < 0.001), respectively; each one unit-increase in PA MET (hour/day) value was related to a 1.8% (OR: 0.982, 95% CI: 0.980, 0.985) decrease in high 10-year ASCVD risk. Negative interactive effects of PA and PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on high 10-year ASCVD risk were observed (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Exposure to high levels of air pollutants were related to increase high 10-year ASCVD risk and these associations were attenuated by PA, implying that PA may be an effective method to the prevention of high 10-year ASCVD risk in highly polluted rural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Mingming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Jiang Z, Jolleys MD, Fu TM, Palmer PI, Ma Y, Tian H, Li J, Yang X. Spatiotemporal and probability variations of surface PM 2.5 over China between 2013 and 2019 and the associated changes in health risks: An integrative observation and model analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137896. [PMID: 32208211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We used statistical methods and the GEOS-Chem model to interpret the observed spatiotemporal and probability variations of surface PM2.5 concentrations in China from December 2013 to November 2019, as well as to assess the drivers for the variations and the implications for health risks associated with long-term and short-term exposure to PM2.5. Annual and seasonal PM2.5 concentrations have decreased over most areas in China during the 6-year period. We decomposed the observed day-to-day variation of PM2.5 concentrations in eastern Chinese cities and found that it showed two distinct major spatial modes, which fluctuated in strength seasonally. The first mode, characterized by most of Eastern China being in the same phase, was mainly associated with the regional ventilation of pollutants. The second mode showed a dipolar pattern between the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area and the Yangtze River Delta area and was more prominent in summer. Using model simulations, we showed that this dipole mode was chemically driven by the secondary formation of sulfate in summer. We further used a gamma distribution to succinctly interpret the changes in the probability distributions of PM2.5. We found that the nationwide decline in seasonal mean PM2.5 concentrations mainly reflected decreased occurrences of extremely high PM2.5 concentrations, which was strongly driven by the interannual variation of meteorology. These changes in the annual means and probability distributions of PM2.5 since December 2013 has led to significant decline of the estimated mortality risks associated with long-term and short-term PM2.5-exposures. Regions that were less polluted saw the largest relative benefit per unit decrease in PM2.5 concentration, due to the steepness of the exposure-response curve at the low-concentration end. Our integrated methodology effectively diagnosed the drivers of PM2.5 variability and the associated health risks and can be used as part of the decision tool for PM2.5 pollution management over China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Jiang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tzung-May Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Paul I Palmer
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Tian
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Ni C, Zhang J, Zheng C. Temperature modulation of the adverse consequences on human mortality due to exposure to fine particulates: A study of multiple cities in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109353. [PMID: 32222628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter of smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is linked to increased human mortality, and could be further complicated by concurrent ambient air temperatures. Published reports indicate that the association between ambient temperatures and mortality due to PM2.5 exposure is dissimilar across different geographic areas. Thus, it is unclear how ambient temperatures at different geographic locations can together modulate the influence of PM2.5 on mortality. In this paper, we examined how temperature modulated the association between mortality and PM2.5 exposure in 15 Chinese cities during 2014-2016. For analysis, First, Poisson generalized additive models under different temperature stratifications (<10th, 10-90th, and >90th temperature percentiles) was used to estimate PM2.5 associations to mortality, which were specific to different cities. Second, we used a meta-analysis to combine the effects at each temperature stratum and region (southern and northern China). Results revealed that high temperatures (daily mean temperature >90th percentile) robustly amplified observed associations of mortality and PM2.5 exposure, and the modifications were heterogeneous geographically. In the northern regions, a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was associated with 0.18%, 0.28%, and 1.54% increase in non-accidental mortalities and 0.33%, 0.39%, and 1.32% increase in cardiovascular mortalities at low, moderate, and high temperature levels, respectively. In the southern regions, a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was associated with 0.52%, 0.62%, and 1.90% increase in non-accidental mortalities and 0.55%, 0.98%, and 2.25% increase in cardiovascular mortalities at low, moderate, and high temperature levels, respectively. It is concluded that temperature altered PM2.5-mortality associations in southern and northern China synergistically, but the effect was more pronounced in the south. Therefore, geography and temperature need to be considered when studying how PM2.5 affects health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China; Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Changjian Ni
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Canjun Zheng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
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Xu M, Sbihi H, Pan X, Brauer M. Modifiers of the effect of short-term variation in PM 2.5 on mortality in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109066. [PMID: 32058147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between short-term exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and mortality, but the role of modifiers remains unclear with studies reporting inconsistent results. We evaluated the impact of individual (age, gender and education) and township (geographic area, socioeconomic status, background air pollution and road density) level factors on the relationship between short-term variation in PM2.5 with cause-specific mortality in Beijing (population: 21.7 million in 2016), China. METHODS Daily PM2.5 concentrations in each township (n = 327; township population: 2000-359,400; township area: 1-392 km2) within Beijing were estimated by kriging with external drift using measurements from 35 air quality monitoring stations and geographic variables. Time-stratified case-crossover analysis with township-level mortality data from Oct. 1st, 2012 to Dec. 31st, 2013 was then used to examine associations between PM2.5 exposure estimates and cause-specific mortality, stratified by the potential effect modifiers. RESULTS A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 0.17% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05%-0.29%] and 0.27% (95%CI:0.01%-0.52%) increase in non-accidental and stroke mortality with no lag, a 0.81% (95%CI:0.39%-1.23%) and 0.96% (95%CI:0.35%-1.57%) increase in respiratory disease (RD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality at a lag of two-day moving average. For individual-level effect modifiers, the elderly showed higher effects for all the specific causes of mortality; those with lower education level showed higher effects for non-accidental, cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality; females showed higher effects for non-accidental and cause-specific cardiovascular diseases. For township-level effect modifiers, effect estimates tended to be larger for suburban areas, areas of lower road density, lower PM2.5 and lower socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to township-level ambient PM2.5 was associated with increased mortality in Beijing, with indications of effect modification by both individual and township-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Xu
- Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hind Sbihi
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Tian Q, Li M, Montgomery S, Fang B, Wang C, Xia T, Cao Y. Short-Term Associations of Fine Particulate Matter and Synoptic Weather Types with Cardiovascular Mortality: An Ecological Time-Series Study in Shanghai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031111. [PMID: 32050549 PMCID: PMC7038017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Exposures to both ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and extreme weather conditions have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths in numerous epidemiologic studies. However, evidence on the associations with CVD deaths for interaction effects between PM2.5 and weather conditions is still limited. This study aimed to investigate associations of exposures to PM2.5 and weather conditions with cardiovascular mortality, and further to investigate the synergistic or antagonistic effects of ambient air pollutants and synoptic weather types (SWTs). Methods: Information on daily CVD deaths, air pollution, and meteorological conditions between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 was obtained in Shanghai, China. Generalized additive models were used to assess the associations of daily PM2.5 concentrations and meteorological factors with CVD deaths. A 15-day lag analysis was conducted using a polynomial distributed lag model to access the lag patterns for associations with PM2.5. Results: During the study period, the total number of CVD deaths in Shanghai was 59,486, with a daily mean of 54.3 deaths. The average daily PM2.5 concentration was 55.0 µg/m3. Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 1.26% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40%, 2.12%) increase in CVD mortality. No SWT was statistically significantly associated with CVD deaths. For the interaction between PM2.5 and SWT, statistically significant interactions were found between PM2.5 and cold weather, with risk for PM2.5 in cold dry SWT decreasing by 1.47% (95% CI: 0.54%, 2.39%), and in cold humid SWT the risk decreased by 1.45% (95% CI: 0.52%, 2.36%). In the lag effect analysis, statistically significant positive associations were found for PM2.5 in the 1-3 lag days, while no statistically significant effects were found for other lag day periods. Conclusions: Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with short-term increased risk of cardiovascular deaths with some lag effects, while the cold weather may have an antagonistic effect with PM2.5. However, the ecological study design limited the possibility to identify a causal relationship, so prospective studies with individual level data are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tian
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mei Li
- Center for Assessment of Medical Technology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden;
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden;
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bo Fang
- Division of Vital Statistics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (B.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Division of Vital Statistics, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (B.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Tian Xia
- Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +46-19-602-6236 (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +46-19-602-6236 (Y.C.)
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Chen D, Mayvaneh F, Baaghideh M, Entezari A, Ho HC, Xiang Q, Jiao A, Zhang F, Hu K, Chen G, Zhao Q, Sun S, Zhang Y. Utilizing daily excessive concentration hours to estimate cardiovascular mortality and years of life lost attributable to fine particulate matter in Tehran, Iran. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134909. [PMID: 31757557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Iran is scarce. Given large within-day variations of PM2.5 concentration, using the daily mean of PM2.5 (PM2.5mean) as exposure metric might bias the health-related assessment. This study applied a novel indicator, daily excessive concentration hours (DECH), to evaluate the effect of ambient PM2.5 on CVD mortality and years of life lost (YLL) in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. METHODS Hourly concentration data for PM2.5, daily information for meteorology and records of registered cardiovascular deaths from 2012 to 2016 were obtained from Tehran, Iran. Daily excessive concentration hours of PM2.5 (PM2.5DECH) was defined as daily total concentration-hours exceeding 35 μg/m3. Using a time-series design, we applied generalized linear models to assess the attributable effects of PM2.5DECH and PM2.5mean on CVD mortality and YLL. RESULTS For an interquartile range (IQR) rise in PM2.5DECH, total CVD mortality at lag 0-10 days and YLL at lag 0-8 days increased 2.26% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-3.69%) and 23.24 (6.07-40.42) person years, respectively. Corresponding increases were 3.45% (1.44-5.49%) and 35.21 (10.85-59.58) person years for an IQR rise in PM2.5mean. Significant associations between PM2.5 pollution (i.e., PM2.5mean and PM2.5DECH) and cause-specific cardiovascular health (i.e., mortality and YLL) were only identified in stroke. Subgroup analyses showed that male and people aged 0-64 years suffered more from PM2.5 pollution. Furthermore, we attributed a greater CVD burden to PM2.5DECH (1.67% for mortality and 2.67% for YLL) than PM2.5mean (0.63% for mortality and 0.70% for YLL) during the study period. CONCLUSIONS This study strengthened the evidence for the aggravated CVD mortality burden associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5. Our findings also suggested that PM2.5DECH might be a potential alternative indicator of exposure assessment in PM2.5-related health investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieyi Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fatemeh Mayvaneh
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617916487, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Mohammad Baaghideh
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617916487, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Alireza Entezari
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617916487, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Anqi Jiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Precision Health and Data Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Byun G, Kim H, Choi Y, Lee JT. The difference in effect of ambient particles on mortality between days with and without yellow dust events: Using a larger dataset in Seoul, Korea from 1998 to 2015. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:819-826. [PMID: 31326805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow Dust (YD) is a natural source of particulate matter (PM) in Korea. It remarkably increases the concentration of PM. However, characteristics of PM in YD period are different from those of PM in non-YD period. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the association of PM with mortality is different between all days and non-YD days in Seoul, Korea, 1998-2015. METHODS We applied time-stratified case-crossover design to estimate effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on non-accidental cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Effect estimates of PM were compared for all days in the study period and days without YD events. To identify whether different effect estimates between all days and non-YD days were not merely caused by the exclusion of high PM concentrations but rather by YD itself, we estimated effects of PM by randomly excluding the same number of days as days of YD. RESULTS A total of 4,509,392 deaths were observed during the study period. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 or PM2.5 was associated with a 0.15% (95% CI: 0.06% to 0.24%) or 0.27% (95% CI: 0.07% to 0.47%) increase in risk of non-accidental mortality for all days, respectively. These associations were changed to 0.30% (95% CI: 0.18% to 0.42%) and 0.33% (95% CI: 0.10% to 0.55%) when YD days were excluded from analyses. We also found that effect estimates of PM were larger when YD days were excluded than those when high PM concentrations were randomly excluded. CONCLUSIONS The effect estimates of PM differed between all days and non-YD days. Our study suggests that including YD days in the analyses is likely to attenuate the effect of PM in a usual urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Byun
- The BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghyok Kim
- The BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- The BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- The BK21PLUS Program in 'Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction', Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 0284e1, Republic of Korea.
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Cheng H, Zhu F, Lei R, Shen C, Liu J, Yang M, Ding R, Cao J. Associations of ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 with cardiovascular mortality: a time-series study in Hefei, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1437-1447. [PMID: 31385092 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is among the countries with the worst air quality throughout the world. As PM2.5 was not included in the national air quality monitoring network before January 2013 in China, no study has investigated the associations of ambient PM2.5 and O3 with cardiovascular mortality in Hefei, China. In this time-series analysis, Poisson regression in generalized additive model was adopted to assess the associations between the air pollutants and cardiovascular mortality during the 2013-2015 in Hefei, China. The findings showed that the daily average level of PM2.5 and O3 was 77.8 μg/m3 and 60.1 μg/m3 in the study period, respectively. PM2.5 and O3 exposure tended to increase cardiovascular mortality, but the associations were statistically insignificant. Further stratified analyses by seasons showed that with every 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in the cold season (October-March), the risk of cardiovascular death increased by 0.22% (95% CI 0.05%, 0.39%); while every 10 μg/m3 increase of O3 in the warm season (April-September), the risk of cardiovascular death increased by 1.29% (95% CI 0.26%, 2.33%) on Lag0. Interestingly, stratified analysis by gender showed that the associations of PM2.5, but not O3 exposure, could significantly increase cardiovascular mortality in females, but not males. The findings of this study especially underscored the adverse associations of PM2.5 and O3 exposure with females in specific seasons. More studies are needed to verify our findings and further investigate the underlying mechanisms. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoqian Lei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chaowei Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Particulate Matter Mortality Rates and Their Modification by Spatial Synoptic Classification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111904. [PMID: 31146484 PMCID: PMC6603550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution levels are highly correlated with temperature or humidity, so we investigated the relationship between PM10 and the spatial synoptic classification (SSC) scheme on daily mortality, according to age group and season. Daily death data for 2000-2014 from Seoul, Korea, were acquired, and time-series analysis was applied with respect to season and to each of seven distinct SSC types: dry moderate (DM); dry polar (DP); dry tropical (DT); moist moderate (MM); moist polar (MP); moist tropical (MT); and transition (T). Modification effects were estimated for daily, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality between PM10 and SSC types. The following SSC-type-specific increased mortalities were observed, by cause of death: non-accidental mortality: DT (1.86%) and MT (1.86%); cardiovascular mortality: DT (2.83%) and MM (3.00%); respiratory mortality: MT (3.78%). Based on simplified weather types, increased PM10 effects in non-accidental mortality rates were observed in dry (1.54%) and moist (2.32%) conditions among those aged 40-59 years and were detected regardless of conditions in other age groups: 60-74 (1.11%), 75-84 (1.55%), and 85+ (1.75%). The effects of particulate air pollution, by SSC, suggest the applicability of SSC to the comparison and understanding of acute effects of daily mortality based on weather type.
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Sun Z, Zhu D. Exposure to outdoor air pollution and its human health outcomes: A scoping review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216550. [PMID: 31095592 PMCID: PMC6522200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable air pollution prevention and control measures that have been put into practice in recent years, outdoor air pollution remains one of the most important risk factors for health outcomes. To identify the potential research gaps, we conducted a scoping review focused on health outcomes affected by outdoor air pollution across the broad research area. Of the 5759 potentially relevant studies, 799 were included in the final analysis. The included studies showed an increasing publication trend from 1992 to 2008, and most of the studies were conducted in Asia, Europe, and North America. Among the eight categorized health outcomes, asthma (category: respiratory diseases) and mortality (category: health records) were the most common ones. Adverse health outcomes involving respiratory diseases among children accounted for the largest group. Out of the total included studies, 95.2% reported at least one statistically positive result, and only 0.4% showed ambiguous results. Based on our study, we suggest that the time frame of the included studies, their disease definitions, and the measurement of personal exposure to outdoor air pollution should be taken into consideration in any future research. The main limitation of this study is its potential language bias, since only English publications were included. In conclusion, this scoping review provides researchers and policy decision makers with evidence taken from multiple disciplines to show the increasing prevalence of outdoor air pollution and its adverse effects on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanlan Sun
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demi Zhu
- Department of Comparative Politics, School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Guo B, Sun C, Fan C, Ma W, Zhang H, Qiao X, Liu T, Xu H, Tang D, Xie X, Zhao X. Using spatio-temporal lagged association pattern to unravel the acute effect of air pollution on mortality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:99-106. [PMID: 30739856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute mortality effects of air pollution have been recognized in plenty of environmental epidemiologic studies. However, existing studies usually assume a universal lag association across sites and seasons. Such a strategy ignores the heterogeneity of lag structures and may lead to bias in the estimation of effects. METHODS A Bayesian hierarchical model with flexible lag structures was applied to estimate the impact of particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) on mortality and determine whether the lag structure varied by season and location. Data from nine US communities, obtained from the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS), was used to examine the lagged associations between PM10 and daily mortality. The estimates obtained from the flexible lag approaches were compared with those from the universal lag approach. RESULTS Of potential varying lag structures, a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with 0.32% (95% credible interval: 0.16, 0.45) and 0.36% (0.18, 0.52) increases in mortality from nonaccidental and cardiovascular-respiratory death. The community-specific estimates of PM10 mortality effects were distinct between the flexible and the universal lag approaches, with relative change of the effects ranged from -7.21% to 9.25% for nonaccidental morality, and from -5.78% to 4.16% for cardiovascular-respiratory morality. Moreover, the lag structure varied by location and season. For instance, the nonaccidental mortality effect of PM10 attributable to the current and previous day was 29.8% in El Paso while 55.0% in Chicago; the overall effect attributable to the previous two to five days were 60.6%, 51.9%, 59.5%, and 59.3% in winter, spring, summer, and fall, respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicated that a universal lag association across sites and seasons may bias the mortality effect of air pollution. The varying lag structures should be considered in studies of short-term environmental exposures to get a more precise effect estimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chengyuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chaonan Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xue Qiao
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Tao Liu
- General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511430, China.
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaofen Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Acute Effects of Air Pollution and Noise from Road Traffic in a Panel of Young Healthy Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050788. [PMID: 30836690 PMCID: PMC6427505 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Panel studies are an efficient means to assess short-term effects of air pollution and other time-varying environmental exposures. Repeated examinations of volunteers allow for an in-depth analysis of physiological responses supporting the biological interpretation of environmental impacts. Twenty-four healthy students walked for 1 h at a minimum of four separate occasions under each of the following four settings: along a busy road, along a busy road wearing ear plugs, in a park, and in a park but exposed to traffic noise (65 dB) through headphones. Particle mass (PM2.5, PM1), particle number, and noise levels were measured throughout each walk. Lung function and exhaled nitrogen oxide (NO) were measured before, immediately after, 1 h after, and approximately 24 h after each walk. Blood pressure and heart rate variability were measured every 15 min during each walk. Recorded air pollution levels were found to correlate with reduced lung function. The effects were clearly significant for end-expiratory flows and remained visible up to 24 h after exposure. While immediate increases in airway resistance could be interpreted as protective (muscular) responses to particulate air pollution, the persisting effects indicate an induced inflammatory reaction. Noise levels reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability. Maybe due to the small sample size, no effects were visible per specific setting (road vs. park).
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Zhong M, Chen F, Saikawa E. Sensitivity of projected PM 2.5- and O 3-related health impacts to model inputs: A case study in mainland China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:256-264. [PMID: 30544090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In China, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone (O3) are anticipated to continuously affect large populations in the coming decades. Simulations of the levels of these pollutants largely depend on emissions inputs, which are highly uncertain both in magnitude and spatial distribution. Our goal was to explore sensitivities of projected changes in PM2.5- and O3-related short-term health impacts in mainland China to emissions and other model inputs. We simulated winter PM2.5 and summer O3 concentrations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) for both 2008 and 2050. We used three emission inventories in 2008 and four emissions scenarios in 2050. The resulting air pollutant concentrations were combined with eight population projections and three concentration-response functions (CRFs) to estimate future PM2.5- and O3-related health impacts including total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortalities in mainland China. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to apportion the uncertainty due to different model parameters. Combinations of different parameters produced a wide range of national PM2.5- and O3-related mortalities. CRFs and present emissions each contribute 38%-56% and 20%-28% of the total sum of squares for PM2.5-related mortalities. Future emissions are the largest source of uncertainty in O3-related mortality estimates, contributing 24%-48% of total sum of squares. Our results suggest that conducting more epidemiological studies and constraining the present day emissions are essential for projecting future air pollutant-related health impacts in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Futu Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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45
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Deng Q, Deng L, Miao Y, Guo X, Li Y. Particle deposition in the human lung: Health implications of particulate matter from different sources. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:237-245. [PMID: 30476747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although ambient particulate matter or particles have been found to be associated with morbidity and mortality all over the world, specific health effects of particles from different sources need further elucidation. The objective of this work is to predict the deposition of particles from different sources in the human lung. The whole lung, consisting of 24 generations of branches from trachea to alveoli, was approximated using a one-dimensional lumped "trumpet" model with a variable cross-sectional area. The aerosol dynamics equation was numerically solved using a finite difference method to investigate the transport and deposition of particles in the lung model. Particles from various sources were assumed to be different in both size and density. We found that in general, coarse particles (> 2.5 µm) were mainly deposited in the tracheobronchial (TB) region by impaction, and fine particles (< 2.5 µm) were mainly deposited in the pulmonary (P) region by sedimentation and diffusion. However, the coarse particles with low density can be deposited in P region by sedimentation. As a comparison, our results found that soil particles, which are coarse with low density, were deposited in the deep lung more than traffic particles, which are fine with high density. Modeling of particle deposition in the human lung indicated that coarse particles generated by crustal sources may have adverse health effects as strong as those resulting from fine particles generated from combustion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Linjing Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yufeng Miao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xilong Guo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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46
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Li W, Pei L, Li A, Luo K, Cao Y, Li R, Xu Q. Spatial variation in the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2501-2511. [PMID: 30471063 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to lack of data from multiple air quality monitoring stations, studies about spatial association between concentrations of ambient pollutants and mortality in China are rare. To investigate the spatial variation of association between concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China, we collected data including daily deaths, concentrations of PM10 and NO2, and meteorological factors from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, in all 16 districts of Beijing. Generalized additive model (GAM) and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were used to examine the citywide and district-specific effects of PM10 and NO2 on cardiovascular mortality. The citywide effect derived from GAMM was lower than that derived from GAM and the strongest effects were identified for 2-day moving average lag 0-1. For every 10 μg/m3 increases in concentrations of PM10 and NO2, the corresponding daily cardiovascular mortality increases in 0.31% (95%CI 0.15%, 0.46%) and 1.63% (95%CI 1.11%, 2.13%), respectively. The death risk associated with air pollutants varied across different geographic districts in Beijing. We found spatially varied adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular deaths in Beijing. But there was insufficient evidence to show the significant spatial heterogeneity in mortality effects of PM10 and NO2 in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 701 85, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17 177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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47
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Zhu F, Ding R, Lei R, Cheng H, Liu J, Shen C, Zhang C, Xu Y, Xiao C, Li X, Zhang J, Cao J. The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases and lung cancer mortality in Hefei: A time-series analysis. Respir Med 2019; 146:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Chen R, Yin P, Meng X, Wang L, Liu C, Niu Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Qi J, You J, Kan H, Zhou M. Associations between Coarse Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Nationwide Analysis in 272 Chinese Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:17008. [PMID: 30702928 PMCID: PMC6378682 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coarse particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) air pollution is a severe environmental problem in developing countries, but its challenges to public health were rarely evaluated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations between day-to-day changes in [Formula: see text] and cause-specific mortality in China. METHODS We conducted a nationwide daily time-series analysis in 272 main Chinese cities from 2013 to 2015. The associations between [Formula: see text] concentrations and mortality were analyzed in each city using overdispersed generalized additive models. Two-stage Bayesian hierarchical models were used to estimate national and regional average associations, and random-effect models were used to pool city-specific concentration-response curves. Two-pollutant models were adjusted for fine particles with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) or gaseous pollutants. RESULTS Overall, we observed positive and approximately linear concentration-response associations between [Formula: see text] and daily mortality. A [Formula: see text] increase in [Formula: see text] was associated with higher mortality due to nonaccidental causes [0.23%; 95% posterior interval (PI): 0.13, 0.33], cardiovascular diseases (CVDs; 0.25%; 95% PI: 0.13, 0.37), coronary heart disease (CHD; 0.21%; 95% PI: 0.05, 0.36), stroke (0.21%; 95% PI: 0.08, 0.35), respiratory diseases (0.26%; 95% PI: 0.07, 0.46), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 0.34%; 95% PI: 0.12, 0.57). Associations were stronger for cities in southern vs. northern China, with significant differences for total and cardiovascular mortality. Associations with [Formula: see text] were of similar magnitude to those for [Formula: see text] in both single- and two-pollutant models with mutual adjustment. Associations were robust to adjustment for gaseous pollutants other than nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Meta-regression indicated that a larger positive correlation between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] predicted stronger city-specific associations between [Formula: see text] and total mortality. CONCLUSIONS This analysis showed significant associations between short-term [Formula: see text] exposure and daily nonaccidental and cardiopulmonary mortality based on data from 272 cities located throughout China. Associations appeared to be independent of exposure to [Formula: see text], carbon monoxide, and ozone. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling You
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Wu R, Zhong L, Huang X, Xu H, Liu S, Feng B, Wang T, Song X, Bai Y, Wu F, Wang X, Huang W. Temporal variations in ambient particulate matter reduction associated short-term mortality risks in Guangzhou, China: A time-series analysis (2006-2016). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:491-498. [PMID: 30029124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) and daily mortality; however, little is known about temporal variations in ambient air pollution associated mortality risks, particularly in developing countries with limited long time-series air monitoring data. In present study, we assessed the associations and temporal relationships between ambient PM and daily mortality in Guangzhou, China, during 2006-2016. With this unique 11-year dataset, we related daily concentrations of PM with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM10-2.5) and <10 μm (PM10) to daily mortality in Guangzhou. We applied overdispersed Poisson regression with adjustment for time trend and potential confounding factors. Multiple level sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of main results. Between 2006 and 2016, annual concentrations of PM2.5 decreased by 50.8% to 27.0 μg/m3, of PM10-2.5 by 27.6% to 16.2 μg/m3, and of PM10 by 44.1% to 43.3 μg/m3 in Guangzhou. In this study, per 10 μg/m3 increases in mean concentrations at current day and 6 prior days of death (lag06), we observed increases in total mortality risks of 0.55% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.24%, 0.86%) for PM2.5, 0.99% (95%CI: 0.48%, 1.50%) for PM10-2.5, and 0.44% (95%CI: 0.22%, 0.65%) for PM10. Stronger associations were observed for ambient PM on cardio-respiratory mortality and people at age ≥ 65 years. Despite drastic reductions in annual PM levels, PM2.5 associated cardiovascular and respiratory mortality risks remained significant at 1.26% (95%CI: 0.19%, 2.35%) and 1.91% (95%CI: 0.25%, 3.60%) during 2014-2016. Further, PM2.5 and PM10 associated respiratory mortality risks showed increasing trend over time (p-value = 0.03 for PM2.5). In summary, though ambient PM levels decreased substantially in Guangzhou in recent years, PM2.5 and PM10 associated cardio-respiratory mortality risks remained significant and respiratory mortality risks even increased. Our findings provide strong rationale for continuation of ambient air pollution control effort for public health protection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liuju Zhong
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Government Affairs Service Center of Health Department of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China.
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50
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Kang M, Ren L, Ren H, Zhao Y, Kawamura K, Zhang H, Wei L, Sun Y, Wang Z, Fu P. Primary biogenic and anthropogenic sources of organic aerosols in Beijing, China: Insights from saccharides and n-alkanes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1579-1587. [PMID: 30293040 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugars and n-alkanes are important organic constituents of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5). For better understanding their sources and seasonal variations in urban atmosphere, sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, sugars and sugar alcohols) and homologue n-alkanes (C18-C37) were studied in PM2.5 samples collected from September 2013 to July 2014 in Beijing, China. In general, all measured compounds showed the lowest levels in summer. Higher concentrations of sugar compounds and n-alkanes were observed in winter, probably due to elevated combustion emissions (e.g., coal, biofuel and agricultural residue burning) and stable meteorological conditions during heating season. Levoglucosan was the major sugar species in all seasons particularly in autumn and winter, highlighting the significant contribution of biomass burning to fine organic aerosols throughout the whole year especially in cold seasons. Plant waxes contributed to n-alkanes the most in late spring (54.5%) and the least in winter (11.6%); while fossil fuel combustion had the largest contribution in winter (385 ng m-3). The weak odd-carbon predominance of n-alkanes in wintertime aerosols also suggests fossil fuel combustion as the important source of organic aerosols in the heating season. Soil resuspension, fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, and secondary sources are the main sources of OC in PM2.5 at Beijing. The seasonal variation in source contributions indicates that meteorological condition is a key factor in controlling PM2.5 levels. Furthermore, dust storms in spring can strongly enhance the atmospheric level of fine organic matter in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lujie Ren
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Lianfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
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