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Knorr MA, Contosta AR, Morrison EW, Muratore TJ, Anthony MA, Stoica I, Geyer KM, Simpson MJ, Frey SD. Unexpected sustained soil carbon flux in response to simultaneous warming and nitrogen enrichment compared with single factors alone. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02546-x. [PMID: 39317790 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent observations document that long-term soil warming in a temperate deciduous forest leads to significant soil carbon loss, whereas chronic soil nitrogen enrichment leads to significant soil carbon gain. Most global change experiments like these are single factor, investigating the impacts of one stressor in isolation of others. Because warming and ecosystem nitrogen enrichment are happening concurrently in many parts of the world, we designed a field experiment to test how these two factors, alone and in combination, impact soil carbon cycling. Here, we show that long-term continuous soil warming or nitrogen enrichment when applied alone followed the predicted response, with warming resulting in significant soil carbon loss and nitrogen fertilization tending towards soil carbon gain. The combination treatment showed an unanticipated response, whereby soil respiratory carbon loss was significantly higher than either single factor alone, but without a concomitant decline in soil carbon storage. Observations suggest that when soils are exposed to both factors simultaneously, plant carbon inputs to the soil are enhanced, counterbalancing soil carbon loss and helping maintain soil carbon stocks near control levels. This has implications for both atmospheric CO2 emissions and soil fertility and shows that coupling two important global change drivers results in a distinctive response that was not predicted by the behaviour of the single factors in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Knorr
- Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
| | - A R Contosta
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - E W Morrison
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - T J Muratore
- Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - M A Anthony
- Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Stoica
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K M Geyer
- Department of Environmental Science and Sustainability, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA, USA
| | - M J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S D Frey
- Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
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2
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Ma C, Zhao T, Baoyin T, Han X, Frey B, Yang J, Dong S. Long-term grazing reduces soil fungal network complexity but enhances plant-soil microbe network connectivity in a semi-arid grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176498. [PMID: 39326755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Grazing plays a significant role in shaping both aboveground vegetation and belowground microbial communities in arid and semi-arid grasslands, which in turn affects ecosystem functions and sustainability. Therefore, it was essential to implement effective grazing management practices to preserve ecological balance and support sustainable development in these delicate environments. To optimize the traditional continuous grazing policy, we conducted a 10-year seasonal grazing experiment with five treatments in a typical grassland in northern China: no grazing (NG), continuous summer grazing (CG), and three seasonal grazing treatments (G57 in May and July, G68 in June and August, and G79 in July and September). Our study found that although grazing reduced plant community biomass, G68 treatment maintained high plant height and community diversity (P < 0.05). Grazing did not affect soil bacterial and archaeal alpha diversity, but CG treatment reduced soil fungal diversity (P < 0.05). CG reduced the archaeal network's vertices (which represent microbial taxa, OTUs) and connections (ecological interactions between taxa), but seasonal grazing increased its complexity. Furthermore, grazing did not change bacterial networks but enhanced cross-domain interactions (relationships between different biological groups) of plant-soil fungi and plant-soil archaea. Overall, we used the Mantel test to find that soil microbial diversity was positively correlated with soil physicochemical properties rather than plant community characteristics after grazing. These findings are beneficial for the optimization of sustainable grassland management policies and the protection of plant and soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ma
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Taogetao Baoyin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurich, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurich, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Juejie Yang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Pena R, Tibbett M. Mycorrhizal symbiosis and the nitrogen nutrition of forest trees. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:461. [PMID: 39249589 PMCID: PMC11384646 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants form primarily mutualistic symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi based on a compatible exchange of solutes between plant and fungal partners. A key attribute of this symbiosis is the acquisition of soil nutrients by the fungus for the benefit of the plant in exchange for a carbon supply to the fungus. The interaction can range from mutualistic to parasitic depending on environmental and physiological contexts. This review considers current knowledge of the functionality of ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbiosis in the mobilisation and acquisition of soil nitrogen (N) in northern hemisphere forest ecosystems, highlighting the functional diversity of the fungi and the variation of symbiotic benefits, including the dynamics of N transfer to the plant. It provides an overview of recent advances in understanding 'mycorrhizal decomposition' for N release from organic or mineral-organic forms. Additionally, it emphasises the taxon-specific traits of EM fungi in soil N uptake. While the effects of EM communities on tree N are likely consistent across different communities regardless of species composition, the sink activities of various fungal taxa for tree carbon and N resources drive the dynamic continuum of mutualistic interactions. We posit that ectomycorrhizas contribute in a species-specific but complementary manner to benefit tree N nutrition. Therefore, alterations in diversity may impact fungal-plant resource exchange and, ultimately, the role of ectomycorrhizas in tree N nutrition. Understanding the dynamics of EM functions along the mutualism-parasitism continuum in forest ecosystems is essential for the effective management of ecosystem restoration and resilience amidst climate change. KEY POINTS: • Mycorrhizal symbiosis spans a continuum from invested to appropriated benefits. • Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities exhibit a high functional diversity. • Tree nitrogen nutrition benefits from the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Pena
- Department of Sustainable Land Management, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
- Department of Silviculture, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
| | - Mark Tibbett
- Department of Sustainable Land Management, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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4
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Feng Y, Xu T, Wang W, Sun S, Zhang M, Song F. Nitrogen addition changed soil fungal community structure and increased the biomass of functional fungi in Korean pine plantations in temperate northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172349. [PMID: 38615770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition is a global environmental issue that can have significant impacts on the community structure and function in ecosystems. Fungi play a key role in soil biogeochemical cycles and their community structures are tightly linked to the health and productivity of forest ecosystems. Based on high-throughput sequencing and ergosterol extraction, we examined the changes in community structure, composition, and biomass of soil ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprophytic (SAP) fungi in 0-10 cm soil layer after 8 years of continuous N addition and their driving factors in a temperate Korean pine plantation in northeast China. Our results showed that N addition increased fungal community richness, with the highest richness and Chao1 index under the low N treatment (LN: 20 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Based on the FUN Guild database, we found that the relative abundance of ECM and SAP fungi increased first and then decreased with increasing N deposition concentration. The molecular ecological network analysis showed that the interaction between ECM and SAP fungi was enhanced by N addition, and the interaction was mainly positive in the ECM fungal network. N addition increased fungal biomass, and the total fungal biomass (TFB) was the highest under the MN treatment (6.05 ± 0.3 mg g-1). Overall, we concluded that N addition changed soil biochemical parameters, increased fungal activity, and enhanced functional fungal interactions in the Korean pine plantation over an 8-year simulated N addition. We need to consider the effects of complex soil conditions on soil fungi and emphasize the importance of regulating soil fungal community structure and biomass for managing forest ecosystems. These findings could deepen our understanding of the effects of increased N deposition on soil fungi in temperate forests in northern China, which can provide the theoretical basis for reducing the effects of increased N deposition on forest soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Feng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Simiao Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation & Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
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5
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F K, L B, M EM, M R B, N F, R B, F B, A DS, C D, M N F, G G, M J G, M L, A L, W L M, A N, A S, G S, E I V, K V, L V, B Z, L A, D D, M B. "Ectomycorrhizal exploration type" could be a functional trait explaining the spatial distribution of tree symbiotic fungi as a function of forest humus forms. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:203-216. [PMID: 38700516 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In European forests, most tree species form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The EM fungi are classified into different morphological types based on the development and structure of their extraradical mycelium. These structures could be root extensions that help trees to acquire nutrients. However, the relationship between these morphological traits and functions involved in soil nutrient foraging is still under debate.We described the composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities under 23 tree species in a wide range of climates and humus forms in Europe and investigated the exploratory types of EM fungi. We assessed the response of this tree extended phenotype to humus forms, as an indicator of the functioning and quality of forest soils. We found a significant relationship between the relative proportion of the two broad categories of EM exploration types (short- or long-distance) and the humus form, showing a greater proportion of long-distance types in the least dynamic soils. As past land-use and host tree species are significant factors structuring fungal communities, we showed this relationship was modulated by host trait (gymnosperms versus angiosperms), soil depth and past land use (farmland or forest).We propose that this potential functional trait of EM fungi be used in future studies to improve predictive models of forest soil functioning and tree adaptation to environmental nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalfallah F
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, F-54000, France
- INRAE, BEF, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Bon L
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
| | - El Mazlouzi M
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
- IEES, Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Créteil, 94010, 94010, France
| | - Bakker M R
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
| | - Fanin N
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
| | - Bellanger R
- INRAE, Site de la Villa Thuret, Antibes, 1353 UEVT, 06600, France
| | - Bernier F
- INRAE, Domaine de l'Hermitage, Cestas Pierroton, 0570 UEFP, 33610, France
| | - De Schrijver A
- Departement Biowetenschappen en Industriële Technologie, AgroFoodNature HOGENT, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - Ducatillon C
- INRAE, Site de la Villa Thuret, Antibes, 1353 UEVT, 06600, France
| | - Fotelli M N
- Forest Research Institute Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Vassilika, Thessaloniki, 57006, Greece
| | - Gateble G
- INRAE, Site de la Villa Thuret, Antibes, 1353 UEVT, 06600, France
| | - Gundale M J
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901-83, Sweden
| | - Larsson M
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901-83, Sweden
| | - Legout A
- INRAE, BEF, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Mason W L
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Nordin A
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901-83, Sweden
| | - Smolander A
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Spyroglou G
- Forest Research Institute Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Vassilika, Thessaloniki, 57006, Greece
| | - Vanguelova E I
- Forest Research, Alice Holt, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Verheyen K
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - Vesterdal L
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Zeller B
- INRAE, BEF, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Augusto L
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France.
| | | | - Buée M
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, F-54000, France.
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6
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Michaud TJ, Pearse IS, Kauserud H, Andrew CJ, Kennedy PG. Mast seeding in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is associated with reduced fungal sporocarp production and community diversity. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14460. [PMID: 38877759 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mast seeding is a well-documented phenomenon across diverse forest ecosystems. While its effect on aboveground food webs has been thoroughly studied, how it impacts the soil fungi that drive soil carbon and nutrient cycling has not yet been explored. To evaluate the relationship between mast seeding and fungal resource availability, we paired a Swiss 29-year fungal sporocarp census with contemporaneous seed production for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). On average, mast seeding was associated with a 55% reduction in sporocarp production and a compositional community shift towards drought-tolerant taxa across both ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic guilds. Among ectomycorrhizal fungi, traits associated with carbon cost did not explain species' sensitivity to seed production. Together, our results support a novel hypothesis that mast seeding limits annual resource availability and reproductive investment in soil fungi, creating an ecosystem 'rhythm' to forest processes that is synchronized above- and belowground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia J Michaud
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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7
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Liu L, Gao Z, Li H, Yang W, Yang Y, Lin J, Wang Z, Liu J. Thresholds of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Input Substantially Alter Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities and Wheat Yield in Dryland Farmland. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10236-10246. [PMID: 38647353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are essential for preserving the multifunctionality of ecosystems. The nitrogen (N)/phosphorus (P) threshold that causes notable variations in the AM fungus community of the soil and plant productivity is still unclear. Herein, a long-term (18 years) field experiment with five N and five P fertilizer levels was conducted to investigate the change patterns of soil AM fungus, multifunctionality, and wheat yield. High-N and -P fertilizer inputs did not considerably increase the wheat yield. In the AM fungal network, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between ecosystem multifunctionality and the biodiversity of two primary ecological clusters (N: Module #0 and P: Module #3). Furthermore, fertilizer input thresholds for N (92-160 kg ha-1) and P (78-100 kg ha-1) significantly altered the AM fungal community, soil characteristics, and plant productivity. Our study provided a basis for reduced N and P fertilizer application and sustainable agricultural development from the aspect of soil AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiangyun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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8
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Gundale MJ, Axelsson EP, Buness V, Callebaut T, DeLuca TH, Hupperts SF, Ibáñez TS, Metcalfe DB, Nilsson MC, Peichl M, Spitzer CM, Stangl ZR, Strengbom J, Sundqvist MK, Wardle DA, Lindahl BD. The biological controls of soil carbon accumulation following wildfire and harvest in boreal forests: A review. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17276. [PMID: 38683126 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Boreal forests are frequently subjected to disturbances, including wildfire and clear-cutting. While these disturbances can cause soil carbon (C) losses, the long-term accumulation dynamics of soil C stocks during subsequent stand development is controlled by biological processes related to the balance of net primary production (NPP) and outputs via heterotrophic respiration and leaching, many of which remain poorly understood. We review the biological processes suggested to influence soil C accumulation in boreal forests. Our review indicates that median C accumulation rates following wildfire and clear-cutting are similar (0.15 and 0.20 Mg ha-1 year-1, respectively), however, variation between studies is extremely high. Further, while many individual studies show linear increases in soil C stocks through time after disturbance, there are indications that C stock recovery is fastest early to mid-succession (e.g. 15-80 years) and then slows as forests mature (e.g. >100 years). We indicate that the rapid build-up of soil C in younger stands appears not only driven by higher plant production, but also by a high rate of mycorrhizal hyphal production, and mycorrhizal suppression of saprotrophs. As stands mature, the balance between reductions in plant and mycorrhizal production, increasing plant litter recalcitrance, and ectomycorrhizal decomposers and saprotrophs have been highlighted as key controls on soil C accumulation rates. While some of these controls appear well understood (e.g. temporal patterns in NPP, changes in aboveground litter quality), many others remain research frontiers. Notably, very little data exists describing and comparing successional patterns of root production, mycorrhizal functional traits, mycorrhizal-saprotroph interactions, or C outputs via heterotrophic respiration and dissolved organic C following different disturbances. We argue that these less frequently described controls require attention, as they will be key not only for understanding ecosystem C balances, but also for representing these dynamics more accurately in soil organic C and Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Petter Axelsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vincent Buness
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Timon Callebaut
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas H DeLuca
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stefan F Hupperts
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Theresa S Ibáñez
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel B Metcalfe
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clydecia M Spitzer
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zsofia R Stangl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maja K Sundqvist
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Duchesneau K, Defrenne CE, Petro C, Malhotra A, Moore JAM, Childs J, Hanson PJ, Iversen CM, Kostka JE. Responses of vascular plant fine roots and associated microbial communities to whole-ecosystem warming and elevated CO 2 in northern peatlands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1333-1347. [PMID: 38515239 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Warming and elevated CO2 (eCO2) are expected to facilitate vascular plant encroachment in peatlands. The rhizosphere, where microbial activity is fueled by root turnover and exudates, plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling, and will likely at least partially dictate the response of the belowground carbon cycle to climate changes. We leveraged the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment, to explore the effects of a whole-ecosystem warming gradient (+0°C to 9°C) and eCO2 on vascular plant fine roots and their associated microbes. We combined trait-based approaches with the profiling of fungal and prokaryote communities in plant roots and rhizospheres, through amplicon sequencing. Warming promoted self-reliance for resource uptake in trees and shrubs, while saprophytic fungi and putative chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria utilizing plant-derived carbon substrates were favored in the root zone. Conversely, eCO2 promoted associations between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Trees mostly associated with short-distance exploration-type fungi that preferentially use labile soil N. Additionally, eCO2 decreased the relative abundance of saprotrophs in tree roots. Our results indicate that plant fine-root trait variation is a crucial mechanism through which vascular plants in peatlands respond to climate change via their influence on microbial communities that regulate biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Duchesneau
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Camille E Defrenne
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Caitlin Petro
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jessica A M Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Joanne Childs
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Joel E Kostka
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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10
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Michaud TJ, Cline LC, Hobbie EA, Gutknecht JLM, Kennedy PG. Herbarium specimens reveal that mycorrhizal type does not mediate declining temperate tree nitrogen status over a century of environmental change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1717-1724. [PMID: 38073143 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition have contrasting effects on ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses, potentially mediating forest responses to environmental change. In this study, we evaluated the cumulative effects of historical environmental change on N concentrations and δ15N values in AM plants, EM plants, EM fungi, and saprotrophic fungi using herbarium specimens collected in Minnesota, USA from 1871 to 2016. To better understand mycorrhizal mediation of foliar δ15N, we also analyzed a subset of previously published foliar δ15N values from across the United States to parse the effects of N deposition and CO2 rise. Over the last century in Minnesota, N concentrations declined among all groups except saprotrophic fungi. δ15N also declined among all groups of plants and fungi; however, foliar δ15N declined less in EM plants than in AM plants. In the analysis of previously published foliar δ15N values, this slope difference between EM and AM plants was better explained by nitrogen deposition than by CO2 rise. Mycorrhizal type did not explain trajectories of plant N concentrations. Instead, plants and EM fungi exhibited similar declines in N concentrations, consistent with declining forest N status despite moderate levels of N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia J Michaud
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Jessica L M Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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11
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Jörgensen K, Clemmensen KE, Wallander H, Lindahl BD. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are more sensitive to high soil nitrogen levels in forests exposed to nitrogen deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1725-1738. [PMID: 38213001 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential for nitrogen (N) cycling in many temperate forests and responsive to anthropogenic N addition, which generally decreases host carbon (C) allocation to the fungi. In the boreal region, however, ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass has been found to correlate positively with soil N availability. Still, responses to anthropogenic N input, for instance through atmospheric deposition, are commonly negative. To elucidate whether variation in N supply affects ectomycorrhizal fungi differently depending on geographical context, we investigated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities along fertility gradients located in two nemo-boreal forest regions with similar ranges in soil N : C ratios and inorganic N availability but contrasting rates of N deposition. Ectomycorrhizal biomass and community composition remained relatively stable across the N gradient with low atmospheric N deposition, but biomass decreased and the community changed more drastically with increasing N availability in the gradient subjected to higher rates of N deposition. Moreover, potential activities of enzymes involved in ectomycorrhizal mobilisation of organic N decreased as N availability increased. In forests with low external input, we propose that stabilising feedbacks in tree-fungal interactions maintain ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass and communities even in N-rich soils. By contrast, anthropogenic N input seems to impair ectomycorrhizal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jörgensen
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karina E Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 26, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Jamil HMA, Gatasheh MK, Ahmad R, Ibrahim KE, Khan SA, Irshad U, Shahzad M, Abbasi AM. Ectomycorrhiza and ethylenediurea reduced the impact of high nitrogen and ozone stresses and increased the growth of Cedrus deodara. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28635. [PMID: 38586366 PMCID: PMC10998246 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cedrus deodara is the central conifer plant affected by ozone and nitrogen pollutants among forest species worldwide. The growth of C. deodara depends upon the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) association, which is usually disturbed by these factors. This study aims to understand how these factors affect plants at physiological and biochemical levels. Three fungal strain consortiums were inoculated with two-year-old C. deodara seedlings. The stresses of 100 kg N h-1and 100 ppb O3 were applied for six months to study their impact on chlorophyll and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX). The results showed that C2 (Consortium of Cedrus deodara) positively impacted the growth of selected plant species. The high photosynthesis rate was determined by enhanced chlorophyll content, and C2-treated plants showed high chlorophyll content. Relatively, chlorophyll a and b contents increased significantly in the seedlings treated with Ethylenediurea (EDU) alone and with ozone stress. In addition, a significant difference was observed between EDU and O3-treated plants (14% EDU400-O3 and 23% EDU600-O3) and the control. Overall, antioxidant activities were higher in the treated samples than in the control. The order of SOD activity was C2 (448 U/gFW) and lowest (354.7 U/gFW) in control. APX also showed higher activity in treated plants in C1 ≥ C2 ≥ C3+O3, whereas CAT activity was the highest in C2 treatments. Ozone and nitrogen-stressed plants showed higher activities than EDU-treated plants compared to non-treated ones. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the signaling effects of numerous precursors. Moreover, an extended investigation of seedlings developing into trees must be conducted to verify the potential of ectomycorrhizal strains associated with C. deodara and comprehend EDU's role as a direct molecular scavenger of reactive toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ansab Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mansour K. Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo, Piazza V. Emanuele II, I-12042, Bra/Pollenzo, Italy
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13
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Forsmark B, Bizjak T, Nordin A, Rosenstock NP, Wallander H, Gundale MJ. Shifts in microbial community composition and metabolism correspond with rapid soil carbon accumulation in response to 20 years of simulated nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170741. [PMID: 38325494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and fertilization in boreal forests frequently reduces decomposition and soil respiration and enhances C storage in the topsoil. This enhancement of the C sink can be as strong as the aboveground biomass response to N additions and has implications for the global C cycle, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized that this effect would be associated with a shift in the microbial community and its activity, and particularly by fungal taxa reported to be capable of lignin degradation and organic N acquisition. We sampled the organic layer below the intact litter of a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) forest in northern Sweden after 20 years of annual N additions at low (12.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and high (50 kg N ha-1 yr-1) rates. We measured microbial biomass using phospholipid fatty-acid analysis (PLFA) and ergosterol measurements and used ITS metagenomics to profile the fungal community of soil and fine-roots. We probed the metabolic activity of the soil community by measuring the activity of extracellular enzymes and evaluated its relationships with the most N responsive soil fungal species. Nitrogen addition decreased the abundance of fungal PLFA markers and changed the fungal community in humus and fine-roots. Specifically, the humus community changed in part due to a shift from Oidiodendron pilicola, Cenococcum geophilum, and Cortinarius caperatus to Tylospora fibrillosa and Russula griseascens. These microbial community changes were associated with decreased activity of Mn-peroxidase and peptidase, and an increase in the activity of C acquiring enzymes. Our results show that the rapid accumulation of C in the humus layer frequently observed in areas with high N deposition is consistent with a shift in microbial metabolism, where decomposition associated with organic N acquisition is downregulated when inorganic N forms are readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Forsmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Tinkara Bizjak
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordin
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Rosenstock
- Center for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Netherway T, Bengtsson J, Buegger F, Fritscher J, Oja J, Pritsch K, Hildebrand F, Krab EJ, Bahram M. Pervasive associations between dark septate endophytic fungi with tree root and soil microbiomes across Europe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:159. [PMID: 38167673 PMCID: PMC10761831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Trees interact with a multitude of microbes through their roots and root symbionts such as mycorrhizal fungi and root endophytes. Here, we explore the role of fungal root symbionts as predictors of the soil and root-associated microbiomes of widespread broad-leaved trees across a European latitudinal gradient. Our results suggest that, alongside factors such as climate, soil, and vegetation properties, root colonization by ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and dark septate endophytic fungi also shapes tree-associated microbiomes. Notably, the structure of root and soil microbiomes across our sites is more strongly and consistently associated with dark septate endophyte colonization than with mycorrhizal colonization and many abiotic factors. Root colonization by dark septate endophytes also has a consistent negative association with the relative abundance and diversity of nutrient cycling genes. Our study not only indicates that root-symbiotic interactions are an important factor structuring soil communities and functions in forest ecosystems, but also that the hitherto less studied dark septate endophytes are likely to be central players in these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jan Bengtsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Franz Buegger
- Research Unit for Environmental Simulation (EUS), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Fritscher
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Jane Oja
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Research Unit for Environmental Simulation (EUS), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Eveline J Krab
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, Tartu, Estonia
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15
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Roy F, Ibayev O, Arnstadt T, Bässler C, Borken W, Groß C, Hoppe B, Hossen S, Kahl T, Moll J, Noll M, Purahong W, Schreiber J, Weisser WW, Hofrichter M, Kellner H. Nitrogen addition increases mass loss of gymnosperm but not of angiosperm deadwood without changing microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165868. [PMID: 37516186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition due to combustion of fossil fuels and agricultural fertilization is a global phenomenon which has severely altered carbon (C) and N cycling in temperate forest ecosystems in the northern hemisphere. Although deadwood holds a substantial amount of C in forest ecosystems and thus plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling, the effect of increased N deposition on microbial processes and communities, wood chemical traits and deadwood mass loss remains unclear. Here, we simulated high N deposition rates by adding reactive N in form of ammonium-nitrate (40 kg N ha-1 yr-1) to deadwood of 13 temperate tree species over nine years in a field experiment in Germany. Non-treated deadwood from the same logs served as control with background N deposition. Our results show that chronically elevated N levels alters deadwood mass loss alongside respiration, enzymatic activities and wood chemistry depending on tree clade and species. In gymnosperm deadwood, elevated N increased mass loss by +38 %, respiration by +37 % and increased laccase activity 12-fold alongside increases of white-rot fungal abundance +89 % (p = 0.03). Furthermore, we observed marginally significant (p = 0.06) shifts of bacterial communities in gymnosperm deadwood. In angiosperm deadwood, we did not detect consistent effects on mass loss, physico-chemical properties, extracellular enzymatic activity or changes in microbial communities except for changes in abundance of 10 fungal OTUs in seven tree species and 28 bacterial OTUs in 10 tree species. We conclude that N deposition alters decomposition processes exclusively in N limited gymnosperm deadwood in the long term by enhancing fungal activity as expressed by increases in respiration rate and extracellular enzyme activity with minor shifts in decomposing microbial communities. By contrast, deadwood of angiosperm tree species had higher N concentrations and mass loss as well as community composition did not respond to N addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Roy
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Orkhan Ibayev
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Tobias Arnstadt
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department of Conservation Biology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; National Park Bavarian Forest, Freyunger Str. 2, D-94481 Grafenau, Germany
| | - Werner Borken
- Institute for Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christina Groß
- Institute for Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Björn Hoppe
- Institute for National and International Plant Health, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shakhawat Hossen
- Institute for Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences Coburg, Friedrich-Streib-Straße 2, D-96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Tiemo Kahl
- UNESCO-Biosphärenreservat Thüringer Wald, Schmiedefeld a. Rstg, Brunnenstraße 1, D-98528 Suhl, Germany
| | - Julia Moll
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Th.-Lieser- Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Noll
- Institute for Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences Coburg, Friedrich-Streib-Straße 2, D-96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Th.-Lieser- Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jasper Schreiber
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department of Conservation Biology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Harald Kellner
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany.
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16
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Zhang R, Fu X, Zhong H, Sui X, Liu Y. Changes in Soil Bacterial Community and Function in Winter Following Long-Term Nitrogen (N) Deposition in Wetland Soil in Sanjiang Plain, China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2634. [PMID: 38004646 PMCID: PMC10673031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N deposition is a key factor affecting the composition and function of soil microbial communities in wetland ecosystems. Previous studies mainly focused on the effects of N deposition in the soil during the growing season (summer and autumn). Here, we focused on the response of the soil microbial community structure and function in winter. Soil from the Sanjiang Plain wetland, China, that had been treated for the past 11 years by using artificial N deposition at three levels (no intervention in N0, N deposition with 4 g N m-2 yr-1 in N1, and with 8 g N m-2 yr-1 in N2). Soil characteristics were determined and the bacterial composition and function was characterized using high-throughput sequence technology. The N deposition significantly reduced the soil bacterial diversity detected in winter compared with the control N0, and it significantly changed the composition of the bacterial community. At the phylum level, the high N deposition (N2) increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and decreased that of Myxococcota and Gemmatimonadota compared with N0. In soil from N2, the relative abundance of the general Candidatus_Solibacter and Bryobacter was significantly increased compared with N0. Soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) were the key factors affecting the soil bacterial diversity and composition in winter. Soil pH was correlated with soil carbon cycling, probably due to its significant correlation with aerobic_chemoheterotrophy. The results show that a long-term N deposition reduces soil nutrients in winter wetlands and decreases soil bacterial diversity, resulting in a negative impact on the Sanjiang plain wetland. This study contributes to a better understanding of the winter responses of soil microbial community composition and function to the N deposition in temperate wetland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Zhang
- Institution of Nature and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Institution of Nature and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haixiu Zhong
- Institution of Nature and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xin Sui
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Institution of Nature and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China; (R.Z.); (X.F.); (H.Z.)
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17
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Sun K, Jiang HJ, Pan YT, Lu F, Zhu Q, Ma CY, Zhang AY, Zhou JY, Zhang W, Dai CC. Hyphosphere microorganisms facilitate hyphal spreading and root colonization of plant symbiotic fungus in ammonium-enriched soil. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1626-1638. [PMID: 37443341 PMCID: PMC10504341 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs lead to a high ammonium (NH4+)/nitrate (NO3-) ratio in the soil, which restricts hyphal spreading of soil fungi. Access of symbiotic fungi to roots is a prerequisite for plant-fungal interactions. Hyphosphere bacteria protect fungi from environmental stress, yet the impact of hyphosphere bacteria on adaptation of host fungi to NH4+-enriched conditions remains unclear. By developing soil microcosm assays, we report that a plant-symbiotic fungus, Phomopsis liquidambaris, harbors specific hyphosphere bacteria that facilitate hyphal spreading and assist in the root colonization in NH4+-enriched soil. Genetic manipulation, 16S rRNA gene analysis and coinoculation assays revealed that the genus Enterobacter was enriched in the hyphosphere of NH4+-sensitive wild-type compared to NH4+-preferring nitrite reductase-deficient strain. The representative Enterobacter sp. SZ2-promoted hyphal spreading is only evident in nonsterilized soil. We further identified an increased abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and a synchronously decreased NH4+:NO3- ratio following SZ2 inoculation. Microbial supplementation and inhibitor assays showed that AOA-mediated reduction in NH4+:NO3- ratio is responsible for SZ2-enhanced fungal adaptation to NH4+-enriched conditions. The Ph. liquidambaris-Enterobacter-AOA triple interaction promoted rice growth in NH4+-enriched soil. Our study reveals the essential role of hyphosphere microorganism-based hyphal spreading in plant-fungal symbiosis establishment within nitrogen-affected agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Jun Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Tong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen-Yu Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ai-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Uti1ization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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18
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Defrenne CE, Moore JAM, Tucker CL, Lamit LJ, Kane ES, Kolka RK, Chimner RA, Keller JK, Lilleskov EA. Peat loss collocates with a threshold in plant-mycorrhizal associations in drained peatlands encroached by trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:412-425. [PMID: 37148190 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drainage-induced encroachment by trees may have major effects on the carbon balance of northern peatlands, and responses of microbial communities are likely to play a central mechanistic role. We profiled the soil fungal community and estimated its genetic potential for the decay of lignin and phenolics (class II peroxidase potential) along peatland drainage gradients stretching from interior locations (undrained, open) to ditched locations (drained, forested). Mycorrhizal fungi dominated the community across the gradients. When moving towards ditches, the dominant type of mycorrhizal association abruptly shifted from ericoid mycorrhiza to ectomycorrhiza at c. 120 m from the ditches. This distance corresponded with increased peat loss, from which more than half may be attributed to oxidation. The ectomycorrhizal genus Cortinarius dominated at the drained end of the gradients and its relatively higher genetic potential to produce class II peroxidases (together with Mycena) was positively associated with peat humification and negatively with carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Our study is consistent with a plant-soil feedback mechanism, driven by a shift in the mycorrhizal type of vegetation, that potentially mediates changes in aerobic decomposition during postdrainage succession. Such feedback may have long-term legacy effects upon postdrainage restoration efforts and implication for tree encroachment onto carbon-rich soils globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica A M Moore
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Colin L Tucker
- USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Louis J Lamit
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Evan S Kane
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
- USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Randall K Kolka
- U.S. Forest Service-Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, USA
| | | | - Jason K Keller
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Erik A Lilleskov
- USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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19
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Khokon AM, Janz D, Polle A. Ectomycorrhizal diversity, taxon-specific traits and root N uptake in temperate beech forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37229659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Roots of forest trees are colonized by a diverse spectrum of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal species differing in their nitrogen (N) acquisition abilities. Here, we hypothesized that root N gain is the result of EM fungal diversity or related to taxon-specific traits for N uptake. To test our hypotheses, we traced 15 N enrichment in fine roots, coarse roots and taxon-specific ectomycorrhizas in temperate beech forests in two regions and three seasons, feeding 1 mM NH4 NO3 labelled with either 15 NH4 + or 15 NO3 - . We morphotyped > 45 000 vital root tips and identified 51 of 53 detected EM species by sequencing. EM root tips exhibited strong, fungal taxon-specific variation in 15 N enrichment with higher NH4 + than NO3 - enrichment. The translocation of N into the upper parts of the root system increased with increasing EM fungal diversity. Across the growth season, influential EM species predicting root N gain were not identified, probably due to high temporal dynamics of the species composition of EM assemblages. Our results support that root N acquisition is related to EM fungal community-level traits and highlight the importance of EM diversity for tree N nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Mahmud Khokon
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Functional Forest Ecology, Universität Hamburg, Barsbüttel, 22885, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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20
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Shao S, Wu J, He H, Moore TR, Bubier J, Larmola T, Juutinen S, Roulet NT. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi mediate the response of ombrotrophic peatlands to fertilization: a modeling study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:80-95. [PMID: 36300568 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ericaceous shrubs adapt to the nutrient-poor conditions in ombrotrophic peatlands by forming symbiotic associations with ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi. Increased nutrient availability may diminish the role of ERM pathways in shrub nutrient uptake, consequently altering the biogeochemical cycling within bogs. To explore the significance of ERM fungi in ombrotrophic peatlands, we developed the model MWMmic (a peat cohort-based biogeochemical model) into MWMmic-NP by explicitly incorporating plant-soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and ERM fungi processes. The new model was applied to simulate the biogeochemical cycles in the Mer Bleue (MB) bog in Ontario, Canada, and their responses to fertilization. MWMmic_NP reproduced the carbon(C)-N-P cycles and vegetation dynamics observed in the MB bog, and their responses to fertilization. Our simulations showed that fertilization increased shrub biomass by reducing the C allocation to ERM fungi, subsequently suppressing the growth of underlying Sphagnum mosses, and decreasing the peatland C sequestration. Our species removal simulation further demonstrated that ERM fungi were key to maintaining the shrub-moss coexistence and C sink function of bogs. Our results suggest that ERM fungi play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycles in ombrotrophic peatlands and should be considered in future modeling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Shao
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Hongxing He
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Tim R Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jill Bubier
- Department of Environmental Studies, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Tuula Larmola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Juutinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nigel T Roulet
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
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21
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Carrell AA, Hicks BB, Sidelinger E, Johnston ER, Jawdy SS, Clark MM, Klingeman DM, Cregger MA. Nitrogen addition alters soil fungal communities, but root fungal communities are resistant to change. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1033631. [PMID: 36762095 PMCID: PMC9905728 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1033631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are colonized by numerous microorganisms serving important symbiotic functions that are vital to plant growth and success. Understanding and harnessing these interactions will be useful in both managed and natural ecosystems faced with global change, but it is still unclear how variation in environmental conditions and soils influence the trajectory of these interactions. In this study, we examine how nitrogen addition alters plant-fungal interactions within two species of Populus - Populus deltoides and P. trichocarpa. In this experiment, we manipulated plant host, starting soil (native vs. away for each tree species), and nitrogen addition in a fully factorial replicated design. After ~10 weeks of growth, we destructively harvested the plants and characterized plant growth factors and the soil and root endosphere fungal communities using targeted amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 gene region. Overall, we found nitrogen addition altered plant growth factors, e.g., plant height, chlorophyll density, and plant N content. Interestingly, nitrogen addition resulted in a lower fungal alpha diversity in soils but not plant roots. Further, there was an interactive effect of tree species, soil origin, and nitrogen addition on soil fungal community composition. Starting soils collected from Oregon and West Virginia were dominated by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Inocybe (55.8% relative abundance), but interestingly when P. deltoides was grown in its native West Virginia soil, the roots selected for a high abundance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizophagus. These results highlight the importance of soil origin and plant species on establishing plant-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Brittany B. Hicks
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emilie Sidelinger
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Eric R. Johnston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sara S. Jawdy
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Miranda M. Clark
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Dawn M. Klingeman
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Melissa A. Cregger
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Melissa A. Cregger ✉
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22
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Álvarez-Lafuente A, Benito-Matías LF, Uscola M, Suz LM. Tuber melanosporum drives the symbiosis with Castanea sativa seedlings under greenhouse conditions and high calcium levels. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Wu H, Yang J, Fu W, Rillig MC, Cao Z, Zhao A, Hao Z, Zhang X, Chen B, Han X. Identifying thresholds of nitrogen enrichment for substantial shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community metrics in a temperate grassland of northern China. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:279-294. [PMID: 36177721 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) enrichment poses threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability, while arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play important roles in ecosystem stability and functioning. However, the ecological impacts, especially thresholds of N enrichment potentially causing AM fungal community shifts have not been adequately characterized. Based on a long-term field experiment with nine N addition levels ranging from 0 to 50 g N m-2 yr-1 in a temperate grassland, we characterized the community response patterns of AM fungi to N enrichment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomass continuously decreased with increasing N addition levels. However, AM fungal diversity did not significantly change below 20 g N m-2 yr-1 , but dramatically decreased at higher N levels, which drove the AM fungal community to a potentially unstable state. Structural equation modeling showed that the decline in AM fungal biomass could be well explained by soil acidification, whereas key driving factors for AM fungal diversity shifted from soil nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) ratio to soil pH with increasing N levels. Different aspects of AM fungal communities (biomass, diversity and community composition) respond differently to increasing N addition levels. Thresholds for substantial community shifts in response to N enrichment in this grassland ecosystem are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Zhenjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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24
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Peng S, Ban M, Xing W, Ge Z, Mao L. Effects of nitrogen addition and seasonal change on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community diversity in a poplar plantation. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a crucial role in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) biogeochemical cycling. Therefore, it is essential to determine the seasonal responses of the AM fungal community to N addition to understanding better the ecological processes against a background of intensified N deposition. Based on an ongoing field simulation experiment with five N addition levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 gN·m−2·a−1) in a 5-year-old poplar plantation at Dongtai Forest Farm in Yancheng, Jiangsu province, eastern China, soil physicochemical properties, the root colonization rate, and the rhizosphere soil AM fungal community diversity and composition in four seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring) were investigated. Meanwhile, the relationships between the characteristics of the AM fungal community and soil environmental factors were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing showed that the dominant genera in the poplar plantation were Glomus (average relative abundance 87.52%), Diversispora (9.62%), and Acaulospora (1.85%). The addition of N significantly increased the root colonization rate in spring. The diversity of the AM fungal community (Chao and Shannon indexes) was primarily affected by seasonal change rather than N addition, and the diversity in summer was significantly lower than in the other three seasons. Redundancy analysis showed that soil temperature, available P, total P, and pH significantly affected the structure of the AM fungal community. It can be concluded N addition primarily influenced the root colonization rate, whereas seasonal change had a notable effect on the AM fungal community diversity. Although seasonal change and N addition greatly influenced the composition, seasonal change exerted a more substantial effect than N addition. These results will improve our understanding of the underground ecological processes in poplar plantation ecosystems.
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25
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Liu Z, Xu G, Tian D, Lin Q, Ma S, Xing A, Xu L, Shen H, Ji C, Zheng C, Wang X, Fang J. Does Forest Soil Fungal Community Respond to Short-Term Simulated Nitrogen Deposition in Different Forests in Eastern China? J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010053. [PMID: 36675875 PMCID: PMC9864950 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has changed plants and soil microbes remarkably, which deeply alters the structures and functions of terrestrial ecosystems. However, how forest fungal diversity, community compositions, and their potential functions respond to N deposition is still lacking in exploration at a large scale. In this study, we conducted a short-term (4-5 years) experiment of artificial N addition to simulated N deposition in five typical forest ecosystems across eastern China, which includes tropical montane rainforest, subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, temperate deciduous broadleaved forest, temperate broadleaved and conifer mixed forest, and boreal forest along a latitudinal gradient from tropical to cold temperature zones. Fungal compositions were identified using high-throughput sequencing at the topsoil layer. The results showed that fungal diversity and fungal community compositions among forests varied apparently for both unfertilized and fertilized soils. Generally, soil fungal diversity, communities, and their potential functions responded sluggishly to short-term N addition, whereas the fungal Shannon index was increased in the tropical forest. In addition, environmental heterogeneity explained most of the variation among fungal communities along the latitudinal gradient. Specifically, soil C: N ratio and soil water content were the most important factors driving fungal diversity, whereas mean annual temperature and microbial nutrient limitation mainly shaped fungal community structure and functional compositions. Topsoil fungal communities in eastern forest ecosystems in China were more sensitive to environmental heterogeneity rather than short-term N addition. Our study further emphasized the importance of simultaneously evaluating soil fungal communities in different forest types in response to atmospheric N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gexi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Di Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Quanhong Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyang Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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26
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Taylor AF, Freitag TE, Robinson L, White D, Hedley P, Britton AJ. Nitrogen deposition and temperature structure fungal communities associated with alpine moss-sedge heath in the UK. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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27
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Veldhuis E, Skinkis J, Verheyen K, Smolders A, Smit C. Mycorrhizal fungi improve growth of Juniperus communis but only at sufficiently high soil element concentrations. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Zhang S, Tsuruta M, Li C, Vaario LM, Xia Y, Matsushita N, Kurokochi H, Xu R, Li J, Lian C. Estimation of the most suitable nitrogen concentration for sporocarp formation in Laccaria japonica colonizing Pinus densiflora seedlings through in vitro mycelial culture. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:451-464. [PMID: 35764713 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi produce commercially valuable edible sporocarps. However, the effects of nitrogen (N) application on ECM fungal sporocarp formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of application of various N concentrations (0, 5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L) on the growth of Laccaria japonica mycelia in vitro for 1 month. The results showed that L. japonica mycelial biomass was highest in the 50 mg/L treatment and was significantly inhibited at N concentrations higher than 200 mg/L. Next, we investigated the effects of N application on mycorrhizal colonization and sporocarp formation in L. japonica colonizing Pinus densiflora seedlings in pots. The seedlings were watered with nutrient solutions containing 0, 5, 25, 50, or 100 mg N/L. The biomass, photosynthetic rate, and mycorrhizal colonization rates of the seedlings were measured at 45 days (first appearance of primordia), 65 days (sporocarp appearance on the substrate surface), and 4 months after seedlings were transplanted. The numbers of primordia and sporocarps were recorded during the experimental period. Total carbon (C) and N content were determined in seedlings at 4 months after transplantation, and in L. japonica sporocarps. Both mycelial growth and sporocarp production reached their maximum at an N application concentration of 50 mg/L, suggesting that the most suitable N concentration for ECM fungal sporocarp formation can easily be estimated in vitro during mycelial growth. This finding may help determine the most suitable N conditions for increasing edible ECM fungus sporocarp production in natural forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Momi Tsuruta
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lu-Min Vaario
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Norihisa Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurokochi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruiyang Xu
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiali Li
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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Yang N, Hua J, Zhang J, Liu D, Bhople P, Li X, Zhang Y, Ruan H, Xing W, Mao L. Soil nutrients and plant diversity affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure and functional traits across three subalpine coniferous forests. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1016610. [PMID: 36274721 PMCID: PMC9583403 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1016610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) and the roots of host plants is significantly important in regulating the health and stability of ecosystems, especially of those such as the climate warming affected subalpine forest ecosystems. Therefore, from the coniferous forest systems located in the Southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, root tips from three forest tree species: Pinus wallichiana, Abies spectabilis and Picea spinulosa, were collected to look for the local causes of EMF community composition and diversity patterns. The EMF colonization rate, diversity and taxonomic community structure were determined by morphotyping and sanger sequencing of the fungal ITS gene from the root tip samples. Soil exploration types were identified based on the morphologies of the ectomycorrhizas, coupled with soil properties analysis and plant diversity survey. Contrasting patterns of EMF community and functional diversity were found across the studied three forests types dominated by different coniferous tree species. In terms of associations between soil and EMF properties, the total phosphorus (TP) and nitrate (NO3−) contents in soil negatively correlated with the colonization rate and the Shannon diversity index of EMF in contrast to the positive relationship between TP and EMF richness. The soil total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4+) and plant diversity together caused 57.6% of the total variations in the EMF taxonomic community structure at the three investigated forest systems. Whereas based on the soil exploration types alone, NH4+ and TN explained 74.2% of variance in the EMF community structures. Overall, the findings of this study leverage our understanding of EMF dynamics and local influencing factors in coniferous forests dominated by different tree species within the subalpine climatic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Hua
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangbao Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Parag Bhople
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghua Ruan
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
- Yangzhou Urban Forest Ecosystem National Research Station, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Xing,
| | - Lingfeng Mao
- Department of Ecology, College of Biology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Lingfeng Mao,
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30
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Corrales A, Koch RA, Vasco-Palacios AM, Smith ME, Ge ZW, Henkel TW. Diversity and distribution of tropical ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia 2022; 114:919-933. [PMID: 36194092 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2115284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
The tropics were long considered to have few ectomycorrhizal fungi, presumably due to a paucity of ectomycorrhizal host plants relative to higher-latitude ecosystems. However, an increase in research in tropical regions over the past 30 years has greatly expanded knowledge about the occurrence of tropical ectomycorrhizal fungi. To assess their broad biogeographic and diversity patterns, we conducted a comprehensive review and quantitative data analysis of 49 studies with 80 individual data sets along with additional data from GlobalFungi to elucidate tropical diversity patterns and biogeography of ectomycorrhizal fungi across the four main tropical regions: the Afrotropics, the Neotropics, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Generalized linear models were used to explore biotic and abiotic influences on the relative abundance of the 10 most frequently occurring lineages. We also reviewed the available literature and synthesized current knowledge about responses of fungi to anthropogenic disturbances, and their conservation status and threats. We found that /russula-lactarius and /tomentella-thelephora were the most abundant lineages in the Afrotropics, the Neotropics, and Southeast Asia, whereas /cortinarius was the most abundant lineage in Oceania, and that /russula-lactarius, /inocybe, and /tomentella-thelephora were the most species-rich lineages across all of the tropical regions. Based on these analyses, we highlight knowledge gaps for each tropical region. Increased sampling of tropical regions, collaborative efforts, and use of molecular methodologies are needed for a more comprehensive view of the ecology and diversity of tropical ectomycorrhizal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 26 # 63B - 48, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Rachel A Koch
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd., Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Aída M Vasco-Palacios
- Grupo BioMicro y de Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia. Asociación Colombiana de Micología, ASCOLMIC
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Zai-Wei Ge
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, 1 Harpst St., Arcata, California 95521, USA
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31
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Defending Earth's terrestrial microbiome. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1717-1725. [PMID: 36192539 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microbial life represents the majority of Earth's biodiversity. Across disparate disciplines from medicine to forestry, scientists continue to discover how the microbiome drives essential, macro-scale processes in plants, animals and entire ecosystems. Yet, there is an emerging realization that Earth's microbial biodiversity is under threat. Here we advocate for the conservation and restoration of soil microbial life, as well as active incorporation of microbial biodiversity into managed food and forest landscapes, with an emphasis on soil fungi. We analyse 80 experiments to show that native soil microbiome restoration can accelerate plant biomass production by 64% on average, across ecosystems. Enormous potential also exists within managed landscapes, as agriculture and forestry are the dominant uses of land on Earth. Along with improving and stabilizing yields, enhancing microbial biodiversity in managed landscapes is a critical and underappreciated opportunity to build reservoirs, rather than deserts, of microbial life across our planet. As markets emerge to engineer the ecosystem microbiome, we can avert the mistakes of aboveground ecosystem management and avoid microbial monocultures of single high-performing microbial strains, which can exacerbate ecosystem vulnerability to pathogens and extreme events. Harnessing the planet's breadth of microbial life has the potential to transform ecosystem management, but it requires that we understand how to monitor and conserve the Earth's microbiome.
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Luo M, Moorhead DL, Ochoa‐Hueso R, Mueller CW, Ying SC, Chen J. Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Academy of Geography and Ecological Environment Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Daryl L. Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo OH USA
| | - Raúl Ochoa‐Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Carsten W. Mueller
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Samantha C. Ying
- Environmental Sciences Department University of California‐ Riverside CA USA
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Tjele Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University Tjele Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
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Baldrian P, Bell-Dereske L, Lepinay C, Větrovský T, Kohout P. Fungal communities in soils under global change. Stud Mycol 2022; 103:1-24. [PMID: 36760734 PMCID: PMC9886077 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2022.103.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fungi play indispensable roles in all ecosystems including the recycling of organic matter and interactions with plants, both as symbionts and pathogens. Past observations and experimental manipulations indicate that projected global change effects, including the increase of CO2 concentration, temperature, change of precipitation and nitrogen (N) deposition, affect fungal species and communities in soils. Although the observed effects depend on the size and duration of change and reflect local conditions, increased N deposition seems to have the most profound effect on fungal communities. The plant-mutualistic fungal guilds - ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - appear to be especially responsive to global change factors with N deposition and warming seemingly having the strongest adverse effects. While global change effects on fungal biodiversity seem to be limited, multiple studies demonstrate increases in abundance and dispersal of plant pathogenic fungi. Additionally, ecosystems weakened by global change-induced phenomena, such as drought, are more vulnerable to pathogen outbreaks. The shift from mutualistic fungi to plant pathogens is likely the largest potential threat for the future functioning of natural and managed ecosystems. However, our ability to predict global change effects on fungi is still insufficient and requires further experimental work and long-term observations. Citation: Baldrian P, Bell-Dereske L, Lepinay C, Větrovský T, Kohout P (2022). Fungal communities in soils under global change. Studies in Mycology 103: 1-24. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.103.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeòská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic,*Corresponding author: Petr Baldrian,
| | - L. Bell-Dereske
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeòská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C. Lepinay
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeòská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T. Větrovský
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeòská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Kohout
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeòská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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De Marco A, Sicard P, Feng Z, Agathokleous E, Alonso R, Araminiene V, Augustatis A, Badea O, Beasley JC, Branquinho C, Bruckman VJ, Collalti A, David‐Schwartz R, Domingos M, Du E, Garcia Gomez H, Hashimoto S, Hoshika Y, Jakovljevic T, McNulty S, Oksanen E, Omidi Khaniabadi Y, Prescher A, Saitanis CJ, Sase H, Schmitz A, Voigt G, Watanabe M, Wood MD, Kozlov MV, Paoletti E. Strategic roadmap to assess forest vulnerability under air pollution and climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5062-5085. [PMID: 35642454 PMCID: PMC9541114 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is an integral part of global change, most of the research addressing the effects of climate change on forests have overlooked the role of environmental pollution. Similarly, most studies investigating the effects of air pollutants on forests have generally neglected the impacts of climate change. We review the current knowledge on combined air pollution and climate change effects on global forest ecosystems and identify several key research priorities as a roadmap for the future. Specifically, we recommend (1) the establishment of much denser array of monitoring sites, particularly in the South Hemisphere; (2) further integration of ground and satellite monitoring; (3) generation of flux-based standards and critical levels taking into account the sensitivity of dominant forest tree species; (4) long-term monitoring of N, S, P cycles and base cations deposition together at global scale; (5) intensification of experimental studies, addressing the combined effects of different abiotic factors on forests by assuring a better representation of taxonomic and functional diversity across the ~73,000 tree species on Earth; (6) more experimental focus on phenomics and genomics; (7) improved knowledge on key processes regulating the dynamics of radionuclides in forest systems; and (8) development of models integrating air pollution and climate change data from long-term monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Meteorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Rocio Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMATMadridSpain
| | - Valda Araminiene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and ForestryKaunasLithuania
| | - Algirdas Augustatis
- Faculty of Forest Sciences and EcologyVytautas Magnus UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- “Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development in ForestryVoluntariRomania
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering“Transilvania” UniversityBraşovRomania
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Viktor J. Bruckman
- Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological StudiesAustrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de BotanicaNucleo de Pesquisa em EcologiaSao PauloBrazil
| | - Enzai Du
- Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Shoji Hashimoto
- Department of Forest SoilsForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Elina Oksanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Department of Environmental Health EngineeringIndustrial Medial and Health, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO)AhvazIran
| | | | - Costas J. Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental ScienceAgricultural University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Ecological Impact Research DepartmentAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP)NiigataJapan
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine‐WestphaliaRecklinghausenGermany
| | | | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)FuchuJapan
| | - Michael D. Wood
- School of Science, Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| | | | - Elena Paoletti
- Department of Forest SoilsForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
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Zhu X, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Lambers H, Li N, Liu Q, Yin H, Liu Z. More soil organic carbon is sequestered through the mycelium pathway than through the root pathway under nitrogen enrichment in an alpine forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4947-4961. [PMID: 35582981 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots and associated mycorrhizae exert a large influence on soil carbon (C) cycling. Yet, little was known whether and how roots and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) extraradical mycelia differentially contribute to soil organic C (SOC) accumulation in alpine forests under increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. Using ingrowth cores, the relative contributions of the root pathway (RP; i.e., roots and rhizosphere processes) and mycelium pathway (MP; i.e., extraradical mycelia and hyphosphere processes) to SOC accumulation were distinguished and quantified in an ECM-dominated forest receiving chronic N addition (25 kg N ha-1 year-1 ). Under the non-N addition, the RP facilitated SOC accumulation, although the MP reduced SOC accumulation. Nitrogen addition enhanced the positive effect of RP on SOC accumulation from +18.02 to +20.55 mg C g-1 but counteracted the negative effect of MP on SOC accumulation from -5.62 to -0.57 mg C g-1 , compared with the non-N addition. Compared with the non-N addition, the N-induced SOC accumulation was 1.62-2.21 and 3.23-4.74 mg C g-1 , in the RP and the MP, respectively. The greater contribution of MP to SOC accumulation was mainly attributed to the higher microbial C pump (MCP) efficacy (the proportion of increased microbial residual C to the increased SOC under N addition) in the MP (72.5%) relative to the RP (57%). The higher MCP efficacy in the MP was mainly associated with the higher fungal metabolic activity (i.e., the greater fungal biomass and N-acetyl glucosidase activity) and greater binding efficiency of fungal residual C to mineral surfaces than those of RP. Collectively, our findings highlight the indispensable role of mycelia and hyphosphere processes in the formation and accumulation of stable SOC in the context of increasing N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziliang Zhang
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Qitong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Huajun Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Oulehle F, Tahovská K, Ač A, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Čermák P, Štěpánek P, Trnka M, Urban O, Hruška J. Changes in forest nitrogen cycling across deposition gradient revealed by δ 15N in tree rings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119104. [PMID: 35301033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree rings provide valuable insight into past environmental changes. This study aimed to evaluate perturbations in tree ring width (TRW) and δ15N alongside soil acidity and nutrient availability gradients caused by the contrasting legacy of air pollution (nitrogen [N] and sulphur [S] deposition) and tree species (European beech, Silver fir and Norway spruce). We found consistent declines of tree ring δ15N, which were temporarily unrelated to the changes in the TRW. The rate of δ15N change in tree rings was related to the contemporary foliar carbon (C) to phosphorus (P) ratio. This observation suggested that the long-term accumulation of 15N depleted N in tree rings, likely mediated by retained N from deposition, was restricted primarily to stands with currently higher P availability. The shifts observed in tree-ring δ15N and TRW suggest that acidic air pollution rather than changes in stand productivity determined alteration of N and C cycles. Stable N isotopes in tree rings provided helpful information on the trajectory of the N cycle over the last century with direct consequences for a better understanding of future interactions among N, P and C cycles in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Ač
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Čermák
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Babalola BJ, Li J, Willing CE, Zheng Y, Wang YL, Gan HY, Li XC, Wang C, Adams CA, Gao C, Guo LD. Nitrogen fertilisation disrupts the temporal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae but not spore density and community composition in a wheat field. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:2057-2072. [PMID: 35179789 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the temporal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is critical for understanding their functions. Furthermore, research investigating the temporal dynamics of AM fungi in response to agricultural practices remains in its infancy. We investigated the effect of nitrogen fertilisation and watering reduction on the temporal dynamics of AM fungi, across the lifespan of wheat. Nitrogen fertilisation decreased AM fungal spore density (SD), extraradical hyphal density (ERHD), and intraradical colonisation rate (IRCR) in both watering conditions. Nitrogen fertilisation affected AM fungal community composition in soil but not in roots, regardless of watering conditions. The temporal analysis revealed that AM fungal ERHD and IRCR were higher under conventional watering and lower under reduced watering in March than in other growth stages at low (≤ 70 kg N ha-1 yr-1 ) but not at high (≥ 140) nitrogen fertilisation levels. AM fungal SD was lower in June than in other growth stages and community composition varied with plant development at all nitrogen fertilisation levels, regardless of watering conditions. This study demonstrates that high nitrogen fertilisation levels disrupt the temporal dynamics of AM fungal hyphal growth but not sporulation and community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busayo Joshua Babalola
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | | | - Yong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yong-Long Wang
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014030, China
| | - Hui-Yun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Catharine A Adams
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Kowal J, Arrigoni E, Jarvis S, Zappala S, Forbes E, Bidartondo MI, Suz LM. Atmospheric pollution, soil nutrients and climate effects on Mucoromycota arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3390-3404. [PMID: 35641308 PMCID: PMC9544493 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fine root endophyte mycorrhizal fungi in the Endogonales (Mucoromycota arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, M‐AMF) are now recognized as at least as important globally as Glomeromycota AMF (G‐AMF), yet little is known about the environmental factors which influence M‐AMF diversity and colonization, partly because they typically only co‐colonize plants with G‐AMF. Wild populations of Lycopodiella inundata predominantly form mycorrhizas with M‐AMF and therefore allow focussed study of M‐AMF environmental drivers. Using microscopic examination and DNA sequencing we measured M‐AMF colonization and diversity over three consecutive seasons and modelled interactions between these response variables and environmental data. Significant relationships were found between M‐AMF colonization and soil S, P, C:N ratio, electrical conductivity, and the previously overlooked micronutrient Mn. Estimated N deposition was negatively related to M‐AMF colonization. Thirty‐nine Endogonales Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified in L. inundata roots, a greater diversity than previously recognized in this plant. Endogonales OTU richness correlated negatively with soil C:N while community composition was mostly influenced by soil P. This study provides first evidence that M‐AMF have distinct ecological preferences in response to edaphic variables also related to air pollution. Future studies require site‐level atmospheric pollution monitoring to guide critical load policy for mycorrhizal fungi in heathlands and grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kowal
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - E Arrigoni
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - S Jarvis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, UK
| | - S Zappala
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK
| | - E Forbes
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK
| | - M I Bidartondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L M Suz
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
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Kalyniukova A, Tomášková I, Pešková V, Pastierovič F, Samek M, Balogh J. Development of a novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of ergosterol in roots and various fungi samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Bogar LM, Tavasieff OS, Raab TK, Peay KG. Does resource exchange in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis vary with competitive context and nitrogen addition? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1331-1344. [PMID: 34797927 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is essential for the nutrition of most temperate forest trees and helps regulate the movement of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) through forested ecosystems. The factors governing the exchange of plant C for fungal N, however, remain obscure. Because competition and soil resources may influence ectomycorrhizal resource movement, we performed a 10-month split-root microcosm study using Pinus muricata seedlings with Thelephora terrestris, Suillus pungens, or no ectomycorrhizal fungus, under two N concentrations in artificial soil. Fungi competed directly with roots and indirectly with each other. We used stable isotope enrichment to track plant photosynthate and fungal N. For T. terrestris, plants received N commensurate with the C given to their fungal partners. Thelephora terrestris was a superior mutualist under high-N conditions. For S. pungens, plant C and fungal N exchange were not coupled. However, in low-N conditions, plants preferentially allocated C to S. pungens rather than T. terrestris. Our results suggest that ectomycorrhizal resource transfer depends on competitive and nutritional context. Plants can exchange C for fungal N, but coupling of these resources can depend on the fungal species and soil N. Understanding the diversity of fungal strategies, and how they change with environmental context, reveals mechanisms driving this important symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bogar
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Oceana S Tavasieff
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ted K Raab
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Hu H, He L, Ma H, Wang J, Li Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Ren C, Bai H, Zhao F. Responses of AM fungal abundance to the drivers of global climate change: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150362. [PMID: 34818817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), playing critical roles in carbon cycling, are vulnerable to climate change. However, the responses of AM fungal abundance to climate change are unclear. A global-scale meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the response patterns of AM fungal abundance to warming, elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2), and N addition. Both warming and eCO2 significantly stimulated AM fungal abundance by 18.6% (95%CI: 5.9%-32.8%) and 21.4% (15.1%-28.1%) on a global scale, respectively. However, the response ratios (RR) of AM fungal abundance decreased with the degree of warming while increased with the degree of eCO2. Furthermore, in warming experiments, as long as the warming exceeded 4 °C, its effects on AM fungal abundance changed from positive to negative regardless of the experimental durations, methods, periods, and ecosystem types. The effects of N addition on AM fungal abundance are -5.4% (-10.6%-0.2%), and related to the nitrogen fertilizer input rate and ecosystem type. The RR of AM fungal abundance is negative in grasslands and farmlands when the degree of N addition exceeds 33.85 and 67.64 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively; however, N addition decreases AM fungal abundance in forests only when the degree of N addition exceeds 871.31 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The above results provide an insight into predicting ecological functions of AM fungal abundance under global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyuan He
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Huanfei Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jieying Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaoxin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengjie Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongying Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fazhu Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China.
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42
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Hupperts SF, Lilleskov EA. Predictors of taxonomic and functional composition of black spruce seedling ectomycorrhizal fungal communities along peatland drainage gradients. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:67-81. [PMID: 35034180 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many trees depend on symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi for nutrients in exchange for photosynthetically derived carbohydrates. Trees growing in peatlands, which cover 3% of the earth's terrestrial surface area yet hold approximately one-third of organic soil carbon stocks, may benefit from ectomycorrhizal fungi that can efficiently forage for nutrients and degrade organic matter using oxidative enzymes such as class II peroxidases. However, such traits may place a higher carbon cost on both the fungi and host tree. To investigate these trade-offs that might structure peatland ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, we sampled black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) seedlings along 100-year-old peatland drainage gradients in Minnesota, USA, that had resulted in higher soil nitrogen and canopy density. Structural equation models revealed that the relative abundance of the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungal genus, Cortinarius, which is known for relatively high fungal biomass coupled with elevated class II peroxidase potential, was negatively linked to site fertility but more positively affected by recent host stem radial growth, suggesting carbon limitation. In contrast, Cenococcum, known for comparatively lower fungal biomass and less class II peroxidase potential, was negatively linked to host stem radial growth and unrelated to site fertility. Like Cortinarius, the estimated relative abundance of class II peroxidase genes in the ectomycorrhizal community was more related to host stem radial growth than site fertility. Our findings indicate a trade-off between symbiont foraging traits and associated carbon costs that consequently structure seedling ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Hupperts
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Erik A Lilleskov
- Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, USA.
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Jörgensen K, Granath G, Strengbom J, Lindahl BD. Links between boreal forest management, soil fungal communities and below‐ground carbon sequestration. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jörgensen
- Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Gustaf Granath
- Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Joachim Strengbom
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Björn D. Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Hobbie EA, Bendiksen K, Thorp NR, Ohenoja E, Ouimette AP. Climate Records, Isotopes, and C:N Stoichiometry Reveal Carbon and Nitrogen Flux Dynamics Differ Between Functional Groups of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Högberg MN, Högberg P, Wallander H, Nilsson LO. Carbon-nitrogen relations of ectomycorrhizal mycelium across a natural nitrogen supply gradient in boreal forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1839-1848. [PMID: 34449884 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The supply of carbon (C) from tree photosynthesis to ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi is known to decrease with increasing plant nitrogen (N) supply, but how this affects fungal nutrition and growth remains to be clarified. We placed mesh-bags with quartz sand, with or without an organic N (15 N-, 13 C-labeled) source, in the soil along a natural N supply gradient in boreal forest, to measure growth and use of N and C by ECM extramatrical mycelia. Mycelial C : N declined with increasing N supply. Addition of N increased mycelial growth at the low-N end of the gradient. We found an inverse relationship between uptake of added N and C; the use of added N was high when ambient N was low, whereas use of added C was high when C from photosynthesis was low. We propose that growth of ECM fungi is N-limited when soil N is scarce and tree belowground C allocation to ECM fungi is high, but is C-limited when N supply is high and tree belowground C allocation is low. This suggests that ECM fungi have a major role in soil N retention in nutrient-poor, but less so in nutrient-rich boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Högberg
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Peter Högberg
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-22362, Sweden
| | - Lars-Ola Nilsson
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1958, Denmark
- Chancellery, Halmstad University, Halmstad, SE-301 18, Sweden
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46
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Xing A, Du E, Shen H, Xu L, de Vries W, Zhao M, Liu X, Fang J. Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to nitrogen deposition in an old-growth boreal forest. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:77-88. [PMID: 34694058 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition is known to increase carbon (C) sequestration in N-limited boreal forests. However, the long-term effects of N deposition on ecosystem carbon fluxes have been rarely investigated in old-growth boreal forests. Here we show that decade-long experimental N additions significantly stimulated net primary production (NPP) but the effect decreased with increasing N loads. The effect on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) shifted from a stimulation at low-level N additions to an inhibition at higher levels of N additions. Consequently, low-level N additions resulted in a neutral effect on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), due to a comparable stimulating effect on NPP and Rh, while NEP was increased by high-level N additions. Moreover, we found nonlinear temporal responses of NPP, Rh and NEP to low-level N additions. Our findings imply that actual N deposition in boreal forests likely exerts a minor contribution to their soil C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wim de Vries
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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47
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The Impact of Air Pollution on the Growth of Scots Pine Stands in Poland on the Basis of Dendrochronological Analyses. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate Scots pine stand degradation caused by the pollutants emitted from Zakłądy Azotowe Puławy, one of the biggest polluters of the environment in Poland for over 25 years (1966–1990). To assess the pollution stress in trees, we chose the dendrochronological analysis We outlined three directions for our research: (i) the spatio-temporal distribution of the growth response of trees to the stress associated with air pollution; (ii) the direct and indirect effects of air pollution which may have influenced the growth response of trees; and (iii) the role of local factors, both environmental and technological, in shaping the growth response of trees. Eight Scots pine stands were selected for study, seven plots located in different damage zones and a reference plot in an undamaged stand. We found that pollutant emission caused disturbances of incremental dynamics and long-term strong reduction of growth. A significant decrease in growth was observed for the majority of investigated trees (75%) from 1966 (start of factory) to the end of the 1990s. The zone of destruction extended primarily in easterly and southern directions, from the pollution source, associated with the prevailing winds of the region. At the end of the 1990s, the decreasing trend stopped and the wider tree-rings could be observed. This situation was related to a radical reduction in ammonia emissions and an improvement in environmental conditions. However, the growth of damaged trees due to the weakened health condition is lower than the growth of Scots pine on the reference plot and trees are more sensitive to stressful climatic conditions, especially to drought.
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48
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Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition Alters Ectomycorrhizal Community Composition and Function in a Poplar Plantation. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100791. [PMID: 34682213 PMCID: PMC8541514 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous upsurge in soil nitrogen (N) enrichment has had strong impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems. Elucidating how plant ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) mutualists respond to this additional N will facilitate the rapid development and implementation of more broadly applicable management and remediation strategies. For this study, we investigated the responses of EMF communities to increased N, and how other abiotic environmental factors impacted them. Consequently, we conducted an eight-year N addition experiment in a poplar plantation in coastal eastern China that included five N addition levels: 0 (N0), 50 (N1), 100 (N2), 150 (N3), and 300 (N4) kg N ha−1 yr−1. We observed that excessive N inputs reduced the colonization rate and species richness of EMF, and altered its community structure and functional traits. The total carbon content of the humus layer and available phosphorus in the mineral soil were important drivers of EMF abundance, while the content of ammonium in the humus layer and mineral soil determined the variations in the EMF community structure and mycelium foraging type. Our findings indicated that long-term N addition induced soil nutrient imbalances that resulted in a severe decline in EMF abundance and loss of functional diversity in poplar plantations.
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49
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Suz LM, Bidartondo MI, van der Linde S, Kuyper TW. Ectomycorrhizas and tipping points in forest ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1700-1707. [PMID: 34110018 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The resilience of forests is compromised by human-induced environmental influences pushing them towards tipping points and resulting in major shifts in ecosystem state that might be difficult to reverse, are difficult to predict and manage, and can have vast ecological, economic and social consequences. The literature on tipping points has grown rapidly, but almost exclusively based on aquatic and aboveground systems. So far little effort has been made to make links to soil systems, where change is not as drastically apparent, timescales may differ and recovery may be slower. Predicting belowground ecosystem state transitions and recovery, and their impacts on aboveground systems, remains a major scientific, practical and policy challenge. Recently observed major changes in aboveground tree condition across European forests are probably causally linked to ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal changes belowground. Based on recent breakthroughs in data collection and analysis, we apply tipping point theory to forests, including their belowground component, focusing on EM fungi; link environmental thresholds for EM fungi with nutrient imbalances in forest trees; explore the role of phenotypic plasticity in EM fungal adaptation to, and recovery from, environmental change; and propose major positive feedback mechanisms to understand, address and predict forest ecosystem tipping points.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sietse van der Linde
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, National Reference Centre, Wageningen, 6706 EA, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
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50
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Karst J, Wasyliw J, Birch JD, Franklin J, Chang SX, Erbilgin N. Long-term nitrogen addition does not sustain host tree stem radial growth but doubles the abundance of high-biomass ectomycorrhizal fungi. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4125-4138. [PMID: 34002431 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global change has altered nitrogen availability in boreal forest soils. As ectomycorrhizal fungi play critical ecological functions, shifts in their abundance and community composition must be considered in the response of forests to changes in nitrogen availability. Furthermore, ectomycorrhizas are symbiotic, so the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen cannot be understood in isolation of their plant partners. Most previous studies, however, neglect to measure the response of host trees to nitrogen addition simultaneously with that of fungal communities. In addition to being one-sided, most of these studies have also been conducted in coniferous forests. Deciduous and "dual-mycorrhizal" tree species, namely those that form ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhizas, have received little attention despite being widespread in the boreal forest. We applied nitrogen (30 kg ha-1 year-1 ) for 13 years to stands dominated by aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and hypothesized that tree stem radial growth would increase, ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass would decrease, ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition would shift, and the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi would increase. Nitrogen addition initially increased stem radial growth of aspen, but it was not sustained at the time we characterized their mycorrhizas. After 13 years, the abundance of fungi possessing extramatrical hyphae, or "high-biomass" ectomycorrhizas, doubled. No changes occurred in ectomycorrhizal and AM fungal community composition, or in ecto- and AM abundance measured as root colonization. This dual-mycorrhizal tree species did not shift away from ectomycorrhizal fungal dominance with long-term nitrogen input. The unexpected increase in high-biomass ectomycorrhizal fungi with nitrogen addition may be due to increased carbon allocation to their fungal partners by growth-limited trees. Given the focus on conifers in past studies, reconciling results of plant-mycorrhizal fungal relationships in stands of deciduous trees may demand a broader view on the impacts of nitrogen addition on the structure and function of boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Karst
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua Wasyliw
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph D Birch
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James Franklin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nadir Erbilgin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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