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Craig E, Lin Y, Ge Y, Wang X, Murphy SK, Harrington DK, Miller RK, Thurston SW, Hopke PK, Barrett ES, O’Connor TG, Rich DQ, Zhang J. Associations of Gestational Exposure to Air Pollution and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Placental Inflammation. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 2:672-680. [PMID: 39323894 PMCID: PMC11420950 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Restricted fetal growth (RFG) is a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and has been associated with gestational exposure to air pollution, such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study examines the association between trimester-specific and weekly means of air pollution throughout gestation and placental inflammatory markers at delivery. In a prospective cohort study of 263 pregnant women in Rochester, NY, we measured interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in placental tissue and estimated gestational exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 using a high-resolution spatial-temporal model. Exposure to PAHs was estimated using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) concentrations collected once per trimester. Using distributed lag models with a penalized spline function, each interquartile range (2.6 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 concentration during gestational weeks 6-11 was associated with decreased placental IL-6 levels (-22.2%, 95% CI: -39.0%, -0.64%). Using multiple linear regression models, each interquartile range increase of 1-OHP was associated with an increase in TNF-α in the first trimester (58.5%, 95% CI: 20.7%, 74.2%), third trimester (22.9%, 95% CI: 0.04%, 49.5%), and entire pregnancy (29.6%, 95%CI: 3.9%,60.6%). Our results suggest gestational exposure to air pollution may alter the inflammatory environment of the placenta at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily
A. Craig
- Nicholas
School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yan Lin
- Nicholas
School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yihui Ge
- Nicholas
School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xiangtian Wang
- Nicholas
School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Nicholas
School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Donald K. Harrington
- Department
of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Richard K. Miller
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Environmental Medicine, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- Department
of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Environmental Medicine, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department of Biostatistics
and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public
Health, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Thomas G. O’Connor
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Rochester
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - David Q. Rich
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Medicine, University of Rochester School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Department
of Environmental Medicine, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas
School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Patil SS, Puttaswamy N, Cardenas A, Barr DB, Ghosh S, Balakrishnan K. Protocol for CARES-HAPIN: an ambidirectional cohort study on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of early childhood caries. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083874. [PMID: 38749682 PMCID: PMC11097839 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-083874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with early childhood caries (ECC), but the specific molecular mechanisms and pathways remain largely unknown. The Caries Risk from exposure to Environmental tobacco Smoke (CARES) within the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) study aims to establish the association between ETS and ECC by employing epidemiological and novel biomarker-based approaches. Here, we outline the overall design and rationale of the project. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will leverage the infrastructure and data from the HAPIN trial (India) to mount the CARES study. In this ambidirectional cohort study, children (n=735, aged: 3-5 years) will undergo ECC examination by a trained dentist using standard criteria and calibrated methods. Structured questionnaires will be used to gather information on sociodemographic variables, dietary habits, oral hygiene, oral health-related quality of life and current exposure to ETS. We will collect non-invasive or minimally invasive biospecimens (i.e., saliva, buccal cells, dried blood spots and urine) from a subset of HAPIN children (n=120) to assess a battery of biomarkers indicative of exposure to ETS, early biological effect and epigenetic modifications. Both self-reported and objective measures of ETS exposure collected longitudinally during in utero and early postnatal periods will be accessed from the HAPIN database. We will apply current science data techniques to assess the association and interrelationships between ETS, ECC, and multiple biomarkers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Information gathered in this research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be shared with the key stakeholders as well as patients and their parents/guardians involved in this study. Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Ethics Board has approved the study protocol (IEC-NI22/JUL/83/82). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02944682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S Patil
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Naveen Puttaswamy
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Noghanibehambari H, Bagheri H, Salari M, Tavassoli N, Javid R, Toranji M. Breathing in the future: prenatal exposure to air pollution and infants' health outcomes in the USA. Public Health 2023; 225:198-205. [PMID: 37939461 PMCID: PMC10842113 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes in the USA over several decades. STUDY DESIGN Approximately 70 million birth records were assessed for the years 1980-2020. This study focussed on seven measures of birth outcomes, including birth weight, low birth weight, very low birth weight, full-term birth weight, foetal growth, gestational age and very premature birth. METHODS An instrumental variable identification strategy was used that exploited within county-month and within month-year of birth variations in exposure to precipitation-induced changes in air pollution. RESULTS Air pollution was found to have negative and large effects on a wide range of birth outcomes. The study findings suggest that a one-standard-deviation increase in ozone was associated with a 6.4% and 12.8% increase (from the mean) in the proportion of low birth weight and very preterm birth infants, respectively. Further analyses suggest that these effects were heterogeneous across trimesters of pregnancy and reveal larger impacts during the second and third trimesters. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the ordinary least square estimates of previous studies considerably underestimate the true effects of pollution on birth outcomes. Policies that aim to improve the health capital of future generations should allocate more resources and initiatives to improving environmental air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Noghanibehambari
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - H Bagheri
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - M Salari
- Department of Accounting, Finance, and Economics, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA.
| | - N Tavassoli
- Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - R Javid
- School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - M Toranji
- Department of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Belsky DW, Baccarelli AA. To promote healthy aging, focus on the environment. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1334-1344. [PMID: 37946045 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
To build health equity for an aging world marked by dramatic disparities in healthy lifespan between countries, regions and population groups, research at the intersections of biology, toxicology and the social and behavioral sciences points the way: to promote healthy aging, focus on the environment. In this Perspective, we suggest that ideas and tools from the emerging field of geroscience offer opportunities to advance the environmental science of aging. Specifically, the capacity to measure the pace and progress of biological processes of aging within individuals from relatively young ages makes it possible to study how changing environments can change aging trajectories from early in life, in time to prevent or delay aging-related disease and disability and build aging health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Belsky
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Malm E, Vilhelmsson A, Högfeldt H, Deshayes I, Källén K, Hansson SR, Lindh CH, Rylander L. Maternal Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Early Pregnancy and Small for Gestational Age in Southern Sweden. TOXICS 2023; 11:750. [PMID: 37755760 PMCID: PMC10534445 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Small for gestational age (SGA) is considered an adverse birth outcome. Per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFAS) have become increasingly investigated as contributing environmental factors, thus far with inconclusive results. The current study aimed to investigate the hypothesized association between increased maternal PFAS levels in early pregnancy and an increased risk for SGA birth. This population-based study used data from a sample of children born in Scania, Southern Sweden, between 1995 and 2009. Two groups were compared: cases born with SGA (n = 298) and non-SGA controls (n = 580). The cases consisted of two subgroups: one included women whose children's growth in late pregnancy was in the lowest quartile, and another included women from the remaining growth quartiles. Corresponding maternal serum samples were collected from a biobank and analyzed for concentrations of four types of PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The results were combined with information from birth registers and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-tests and logistic regression-unadjusted as well as adjusted for potential confounders. In conclusion, elevated maternal concentrations of PFAS were not associated with an increased risk of SGA birth. However, significant ORs were observed in a subgroup analysis restricted to women of Nordic origin (unadjusted OR 3.2 and adjusted OR 2.4) for PFHxS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Malm
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, MV (Building 402a), 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.V.); (H.H.); (I.D.); (C.H.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Andreas Vilhelmsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, MV (Building 402a), 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.V.); (H.H.); (I.D.); (C.H.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Hannah Högfeldt
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, MV (Building 402a), 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.V.); (H.H.); (I.D.); (C.H.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Isabelle Deshayes
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, MV (Building 402a), 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.V.); (H.H.); (I.D.); (C.H.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Karin Källén
- Tornblad Institute, Lund University, Biskopsgatan 7, 223 62 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Christian H. Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, MV (Building 402a), 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.V.); (H.H.); (I.D.); (C.H.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, MV (Building 402a), 223 81 Lund, Sweden; (A.V.); (H.H.); (I.D.); (C.H.L.); (L.R.)
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6
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Leung M, Modest AM, Hacker MR, Wylie BJ, Wei Y, Schwartz J, Iyer HS, Hart JE, Coull BA, Laden F, Weisskopf MG, Papatheodorou S. Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Ultrasound Parameters of Fetal Growth in Eastern Massachusetts. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1105-1115. [PMID: 36963378 PMCID: PMC10893850 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the association between prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-a traffic emissions tracer-and fetal growth based on ultrasound measures. Yet, most have used exposure assessment methods with low temporal resolution, which limits the identification of critical exposure windows given that pregnancy is relatively short. Here, we used NO2 data from an ensemble model linked to residential addresses at birth to fit distributed lag models that estimated the association between NO2 exposure (resolved weekly) and ultrasound biometric parameters in a Massachusetts-based cohort of 9,446 singleton births from 2011-2016. Ultrasound biometric parameters examined included biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference. All models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, time trends, and temperature. We found that higher NO2 was negatively associated with all ultrasound parameters. The critical window differed depending on the parameter and when it was assessed. For example, for BPD measured after week 31, the critical exposure window appeared to be weeks 15-25; 10-parts-per-billion higher NO2 sustained from conception to the time of measurement was associated with a lower mean z score of -0.11 (95% CI: -0.17, -0.05). Our findings indicate that reducing traffic emissions is one potential avenue to improving fetal and offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Papatheodorou
- Correspondence to Dr. Stefania Papatheodorou, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, Boston, MA, 02115 (e-mail: )
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7
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Flanagan E, Malmqvist E, Rittner R, Gustafsson P, Källén K, Oudin A. Exposure to local, source-specific ambient air pollution during pregnancy and autism in children: a cohort study from southern Sweden. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3848. [PMID: 36890287 PMCID: PMC9995328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of air pollution exposure, namely, ambient particulate matter (PM), during pregnancy and an increased risk of autism in children is growing; however, the unique PM sources that contribute to this association are currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate local, source-specific ambient PM exposure during pregnancy and its associations with childhood autism, specifically, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as a group. A cohort of 40,245 singleton births from 2000 to 2009 in Scania, Sweden, was combined with data on locally emitted PM with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5). A flat, two-dimensional dispersion model was used to assess local PM2.5 concentrations (all-source PM2.5, small-scale residential heating- mainly wood burning, tailpipe exhaust, and vehicle wear-and-tear) at the mother's residential address during pregnancy. Associations were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Exposure to local PM2.5 during pregnancy from each of the investigated sources was associated with childhood autism in the fully adjusted models. For ASD, similar, but less pronounced, associations were found. The results add to existing evidence that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of childhood autism. Further, these findings suggest that locally produced emissions from both residential wood burning and road traffic-related sources (tailpipe exhaust and vehicle wear-and-tear) contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ralf Rittner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peik Gustafsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Källén
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Soesanti F, Uiterwaal CSPM, Meliefste K, Chen J, Brunekreef B, Idris NS, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Hoek G. The effect of exposure to traffic related air pollutants in pregnancy on birth anthropometry: a cohort study in a heavily polluted low-middle income country. Environ Health 2023; 22:22. [PMID: 36843017 PMCID: PMC9969650 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been recognized as one of the most important environmental health threats. Exposure in early life may affect pregnancy outcomes and the health of the offspring. The main objective of our study was to assess the association between prenatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants during pregnancy on birth weight and length. Second, to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants and the risk of low birth weight (LBW). METHODS Three hundred forty mother-infant pairs were included in this prospective cohort study performed in Jakarta, March 2016-September 2020. Exposure to outdoor PM2.5, soot, NOx, and NO2 was assessed by land use regression (LUR) models at individual level. Multiple linear regression models were built to evaluate the association between air pollutants with birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL). Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of low birth weight (LBW) associated with all air pollutants. RESULTS The average PM2.5 concentration was almost eight times higher than the current WHO guideline and the NO2 level was three times higher. Soot and NOx were significantly associated with reduced birth length. Birth length was reduced by - 3.83 mm (95% CI -6.91; - 0.75) for every IQR (0.74 × 10- 5 per m) increase of soot, and reduced by - 2.82 mm (95% CI -5.33;-0.30) for every IQR (4.68 μg/m3) increase of NOx. Outdoor air pollutants were not significantly associated with reduced birth weight nor the risk of LBW. CONCLUSION Exposure to soot and NOx during pregnancy was associated with reduced birth length. Associations between exposure to all air pollutants with birth weight and the risk of LBW were less convincing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Soesanti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Chen
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikmah S Idris
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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9
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Malm G, Lindh CH, Hansson SR, Källén K, Malm J, Rylander L. Maternal serum vitamin D level in early pregnancy and risk for preeclampsia: A case-control study in Southern Sweden. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281234. [PMID: 36749741 PMCID: PMC9904465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is considered a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present case-control study in Sweden was to assess the hypothesized association between low serum vitamin D concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk of developing preeclampsia since vitamin D may play a role in early placental development. METHODS The study included 296 women diagnosed with preeclampsia (cases) and 580 healthy pregnant women (controls). Serum samples were obtained from a biobank of samples collected in early pregnancy including almost all pregnancies in Southern Sweden. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The cases were divided into two categories: i) infants were born before gestational week 34 (early onset) and/or born small-for-gestational age (SGA)(n = 51), ii) and others defined as late onset (n = 245). Vitamin D concentrations were analyzed both as a continuous and a categorized variable. RESULTS When all preeclampsia cases were included in the analyses no consistent patterns were observed. However, the median serum concentrations of vitamin D were significantly lower among the cases who were early onset and/or were born SGA (median 39.2 nmol/L, range 1.2-93.6) as compared to the controls (49.0 nmol/L, 0.1-219; p = 0.01). In addition, high concentrations were statistically significantly associated with a decreased risk of preeclampsia (>66.9 vs ≤30.1 nmol/L; crude OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.96). When potential confounders were included in the models the associations were even more pronounced. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for preeclampsia, but only in preeclampsia cases who were early-onset and/or were born SGA. Preeclampsia is not a homogenous condition and more studies are needed before vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Malm
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,* E-mail:
| | - Christian H. Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Källén
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Tornblad Institute, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malm
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Carrasco-Wong I, González-Ortiz M, Araujo GG, Lima VV, Giachini FR, Stojanova J, Moller A, Martín SS, Escudero P, Damiano AE, Sosa-Macias M, Galaviz-Hernandez C, Teran E, Escudero C. The Placental Function Beyond Pregnancy: Insights from Latin America. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:287-307. [PMID: 37466779 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, more than 100,000 papers had been published studying the placenta in both physiological and pathological contexts. However, relevant health conditions affecting placental function, mostly found in low-income countries, should be evaluated deeper. This review will raise some - of what we think necessary - points of discussion regarding challenging topics not fully understood, including the paternal versus maternal contribution on placental genes imprinting, placenta-brain communication, and some environmental conditions affecting the placenta. The discussions are parts of an international effort to fulfil some gaps observed in this area, and Latin-American research groups currently evaluate that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Carrasco-Wong
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Medicine and Science Faculty, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo González-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile
| | - Gabriel Gomes Araujo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Victor V Lima
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moller
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Pablo Escudero
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Sebastian, Sede Concepcion, Chile
| | - Alicia E Damiano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)- CONICET- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martha Sosa-Macias
- Genomics Academia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIIDIR Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile.
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillan, Chile.
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11
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Flanagan E, Malmqvist E, Gustafsson S, Oudin A. Estimated public health benefits of a low-emission zone in Malmö, Sweden. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114124. [PMID: 35998694 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low-emission zones (LEZ) have been increasingly implemented in cities throughout Europe as a measure to reduce the adverse health effects and premature deaths associated with traffic-related air pollution. In the present study, a health impact analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of a hypothetical LEZ on mortality and morbidity in Malmö, Sweden. Baseline health statistics were gathered from health registers and applied to each resident according to individual-level data on age and/or sex. Concentration-response parameters were derived from current epidemiological literature, specifically meta-analyses. A Gaussian dispersion model (AERMOD) combined with a detailed emission database was used to calculate NO2 emissions from traffic, which could be applied on an individual-level using data on each person's residential coordinates. The adjusted exposure scenario replaced all vehicles on municipal roads having Euro 5 or lower emission standards with Euro 6 equivalents. This LEZ would, on average, decrease NO2 concentrations by 13.4%, preventing an estimated 9-26 deaths in Malmö each year. Additionally, 12 respiratory disease hospitalizations, 8 childhood asthma cases, and 9 cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were estimated to be avoided annually. These results suggest that LEZs can effectively improve air quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and safeguard public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22242, Lund, Skåne, Sweden.
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22242, Lund, Skåne, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Gustafsson
- Environmental Department of the City of Malmö, 21154, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden.
| | - Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22242, Lund, Skåne, Sweden; Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Västerbotten, Sweden.
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12
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Eriksson A, Abera A, Malmqvist E, Isaxon C. Characterization of fine particulate matter from indoor cooking with solid biomass fuels. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13143. [PMID: 36437670 PMCID: PMC9828024 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Household burning of solid biomass fuels emits pollution particles that are a huge health risk factor, especially in low-income countries (LICs) such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa. In epidemiological studies, indoor exposure is often more challenging to assess than outdoor exposure. Laboratory studies of solid biomass fuels, performed under real-life conditions, are an important path toward improved exposure assessments. Using on- and offline measurement techniques, particulate matter (PM) from the most commonly used solid biomass fuels (charcoal, wood, dung, and crops residue) was characterized in laboratory settings using a way of burning the fuels and an air exchange rate that is representative of real-world settings in low-income countries. All the fuels generated emissions that resulted in concentrations which by far exceed both the annual and the 24-hour-average WHO guidelines for healthy air. Fuels with lower energy density, such as dung, emitted orders of magnitude more than, for example, charcoal. The vast majority of the emitted particles were smaller than 300 nm, indicating high deposition in the alveoli tract. The chemical composition of the indoor pollution changes over time, with organic particle emissions often peaking early in the stove operation. The chemical composition of the emitted PM is different for different biomass fuels, which is important to consider both in toxicological studies and in source apportionment efforts. For example, dung and wood yield higher organic aerosol emissions, and for dung, nitrogen content in the organic PM fraction is higher than for the other fuels. We show that aerosol mass spectrometry can be used to differentiate stove-related emissions from fuel, accelerant, and incense. We argue that further emission studies, targeting, for example, vehicles relevant for LICs and trash burning, coupled with field observations of chemical composition, would advance our understanding of air pollution in LIC. We believe this to be a necessary step for improved air quality policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Eriksson
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Asmamaw Abera
- Ethiopia Institute of Water ResourcesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Christina Isaxon
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityLundSweden
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13
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Pryor JT, Cowley LO, Simonds SE. The Physiological Effects of Air Pollution: Particulate Matter, Physiology and Disease. Front Public Health 2022; 10:882569. [PMID: 35910891 PMCID: PMC9329703 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.882569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine out of 10 people breathe air that does not meet World Health Organization pollution limits. Air pollutants include gasses and particulate matter and collectively are responsible for ~8 million annual deaths. Particulate matter is the most dangerous form of air pollution, causing inflammatory and oxidative tissue damage. A deeper understanding of the physiological effects of particulate matter is needed for effective disease prevention and treatment. This review will summarize the impact of particulate matter on physiological systems, and where possible will refer to apposite epidemiological and toxicological studies. By discussing a broad cross-section of available data, we hope this review appeals to a wide readership and provides some insight on the impacts of particulate matter on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Pryor
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Woodrudge LTD, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan O. Cowley
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie E. Simonds
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Stephanie E. Simonds
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14
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Balidemaj F, Flanagan E, Malmqvist E, Rittner R, Källén K, Åström DO, Oudin A. Prenatal Exposure to Locally Emitted Air Pollutants Is Associated with Birth Weight: An Administrative Cohort Study from Southern Sweden. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070366. [PMID: 35878271 PMCID: PMC9318414 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
While prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been shown to be associated with reduced birth weight, there is substantial heterogeneity across studies, and few epidemiological studies have utilized source-specific exposure data. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the associations between local, source-specific exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy and birth weight. An administrative cohort comprising 40,245 singleton births from 2000 to 2009 in Scania, Sweden, was combined with data on relevant covariates. Investigated sources of PM2.5 included all local sources together as well as tailpipe exhaust, vehicle wear-and-tear, and small-scale residential heating separately. The relationships between these exposures, represented as interquartile range (IQR) increases, and birth weight (continuous) and low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) were analyzed in crude and adjusted models. Each local PM2.5 source investigated was associated with reduced birth weight; average decreases varied by source (12−34 g). Only small-scale residential heating was clearly associated with LBW (adjusted odds ratio: 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.04−1.26) per IQR increase). These results add to existing evidence that prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution disrupts fetal growth and suggest that PM2.5 from both vehicles and small-scale residential heating may reduce birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Festina Balidemaj
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Ralf Rittner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Karin Källén
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
| | - Daniel Oudin Åström
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
- Sustainable Health, Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (F.B.); (E.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (K.K.); (D.O.Å.)
- Sustainable Health, Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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15
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MoghaddamHosseini V, Dowlatabadi A, Najafi ML, Ghalenovi M, Pajohanfar NS, Ghezi S, Mehrabadi S, Estiri EH, Miri M. Association of traffic-related air pollution with Newborn's anthropometric indexes at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112000. [PMID: 34480947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An emerging body of evidence has associated exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during pregnancy with birth outcomes. However, the evidence on the association of TRAP exposure and neonatal anthropometric measurements (NAPM) in low and middle-income countries is very scarce yet. Therefore, we investigate the association of prenatal exposure to indicators of traffic and ambient particulate matter (PM) with NAPM. This cross-sectional study was based on hospital medical records of 4053 mother-neonate pairs between May 16, 2016, and December 5, 2018. PMs were estimated at residential addresses based on validated spatiotemporal models. Moreover, total street length in 100, 300 and 500m buffers around the home, residential distance to the ring road, major roads, heavy-traffic lights, gas station, motorway junction, bank, square, bus terminal, public parking and industrial land-use were calculated as indicators of traffic. The head circumference (HC), birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL) of neonates were collected as NAPM. Multivariate regression models were applied to evaluate the relationship between PMs and indicators of traffic with NAPM, controlled for relevant covariates. The median (IQR) of BW, BL, and HC of newborns were 3250 (592) gr, 51.0 (3.5) cm, 35 (2) cm, respectively. The adjusted models revealed that higher exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was significantly related with lower BW and BL. Similar results were observed for total street length in a 100 m buffer around maternal home with BW and BL. Moreover, higher distance to heavy traffic lights was significantly associated with higher BW and BL. An IQR increase in PM10 was significantly related to lower HC (95% CI: 0.11, -0.01, P-value = 0.03). An increase in distance from residential address to heavy traffic lights, ring roads, bus terminal, and transportation land-use was associated with higher HC. Overall, our findings suggested that higher prenatal exposure to TRAP was related with lower BW, BL and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afshin Dowlatabadi
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mina Ghalenovi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nasim Sadat Pajohanfar
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeede Ghezi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saide Mehrabadi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elahe Hasannejad Estiri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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16
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Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic and indicators of adiposity in early childhood: the Healthy Start study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:494-501. [PMID: 34754067 PMCID: PMC9269985 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic have been related to a lower birth weight and may be associated with greater adiposity in childhood. We aimed to examine associations of maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic during pregnancy with indicators of adiposity in early childhood. METHODS We included 738 participants of the Colorado-based Healthy Start study whose height, weight, waist circumference and/or fat mass were measured at age 4-6 years. We estimated residential exposure to ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) averaged by trimester and throughout pregnancy via inverse distance-weighted interpolation of central site monitoring data. We assessed the distance to the nearest major roadway and traffic density in multiple buffers surrounding the participants' homes. Associations of prenatal exposure to air pollution and traffic with overweight, waist circumference, percent fat mass and fat mass index (FMI) were assessed by logistic and linear regression. RESULTS Associations of exposure to PM2.5 and O3 at the residential address during pregnancy with percent fat mass and FMI at age 4-6 years were inconsistent across trimesters. For example, second trimester PM2.5 was associated with a higher percent fat mass (adjusted difference 0.70% [95% CI 0.05, 1.35%] per interquartile range (IQR; 1.3 µg/m3) increase), while third trimester PM2.5 was associated with a lower percent fat mass (adjusted difference -1.17% [95% CI -1.84, -0.50%] per IQR (1.3 µg/m3) increase). Residential proximity to a highway during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of being overweight at age 4-6 years. We observed no associations of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and O3 with overweight and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS We found limited evidence of associations of prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5 and O3 with indicators of adiposity at age 4-6 years. Suggestive relationships between residential proximity to a highway during pregnancy and greater adiposity merit further investigation.
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17
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Yang W, Ren Q, Zhong F, Wang Y, Wang J, Chen R, Li J, Dong F. Promotion mechanism of -OH group intercalation for NOx purification on BiOI photocatalyst. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20601-20608. [PMID: 34874391 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) is a traditional layered oxide photocatalyst that performs in a wide visible-light absorption band, owing to its appropriate band structure. Nevertheless, its photocatalytic efficiency is immensely inhibited due to the serious recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, this great challenge is addressed via a new strategy of intralayer modification by -OH groups in BiOI, which leads to enhancement of the reactants' activation capacity to promote photocatalytic activity and generate more active species. Furthermore, analysis via a combination of experimental and theoretical methods revealed that the -OH group-functionalized samples reduce the energy barriers for conversion of the main intermediate (NO2), which is easily transformed to NO2-, thus accelerating the oxidation of NO to the final product (NO3-). This study gives insight into NO oxidation, improving the photocatalytic efficiency, and mastering the photocatalysis reaction mechanism to curb air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Yang
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Qin Ren
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Fengyi Zhong
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Jielin Wang
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Jieyuan Li
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
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18
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Deyssenroth MA, Rosa MJ, Eliot MN, Kelsey KT, Kloog I, Schwartz JD, Wellenius GA, Peng S, Hao K, Marsit CJ, Chen J. Placental gene networks at the interface between maternal PM 2.5 exposure early in gestation and reduced infant birthweight. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111342. [PMID: 34015297 PMCID: PMC8195860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence links maternal exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μM in diameter (PM2.5) and deviations in fetal growth. Several studies suggest that the placenta plays a critical role in conveying the effects of maternal PM2.5 exposure to the developing fetus. These include observed associations between air pollutants and candidate placental features, such as mitochondrial DNA content, DNA methylation and telomere length. However, gaps remain in delineating the pathways linking the placenta to air pollution-related health effects, including a comprehensive profiling of placental processes impacted by maternal PM2.5 exposure. In this study, we examined alterations in a placental transcriptome-wide network in relation to maternal PM2.5 exposure prior to and during pregnancy and infant birthweight. METHODS We evaluated PM2.5 exposure and placental RNA-sequencing data among study participants enrolled in the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS). Daily residential PM2.5 levels were estimated using a hybrid model incorporating land-use regression and satellite remote sensing data. Distributed lag models were implemented to assess the impact on infant birthweight due to PM2.5 weekly averages ranging from 12 weeks prior to gestation until birth. Correlations were assessed between PM2.5 levels averaged across the identified window of susceptibility and a placental transcriptome-wide gene coexpression network previously generated using the WGCNA R package. RESULTS We identified a sensitive window spanning 12 weeks prior to and 13 weeks into gestation during which maternal PM2.5 exposure is significantly associated with reduced infant birthweight. Two placental coexpression modules enriched for genes involved in amino acid transport and cellular respiration were correlated with infant birthweight as well as maternal PM2.5 exposure levels averaged across the identified growth restriction window. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that maternal PM2.5 exposure may alter placental programming of fetal growth, with potential implications for downstream health effects, including susceptibility to cardiometabolic health outcomes and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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19
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Dutta A, Alexander D, Karrison T, Morhasson-Bello O, Wilson N, Atalabi OM, Adu D, Ibigbami T, Adekunle S, Adepoju D, Olamijulo J, Akinwunmi O, Afolabi OS, Deji-Abiodun O, Adedokun B, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Ojengbede O, Olopade CO. Household air pollution, ultrasound measurement, fetal biometric parameters and intrauterine growth restriction. Environ Health 2021; 20:74. [PMID: 34187482 PMCID: PMC8243629 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birthweight, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and perinatal mortality have been associated with air pollution. However, intervention studies that use ultrasound measurements to assess the effects of household air pollution (HAP) on fetal biometric parameters (FBP) are rare. We investigated the effect of a cookstove intervention on FBP and IUGR in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) cohort of HAP-exposed pregnant Nigerian women. METHODS We recruited 324 women early in the second trimester of pregnancy. Between 16 and 18 weeks, we randomized them to either continue cooking with firewood/kerosene (control group) or receive a CleanCook stove and ethanol fuel (intervention group). We measured fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), abdominal circumference (AC) and ultrasound-estimated fetal weight (U-EFW) in the second and third trimesters. The women were clinically followed up at six regular time points during their pregnancies. Once during the women's second trimester and once during the third, we made 72-h continuous measurements of their personal exposures to particulate matter having aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5). We adopted a modified intent-to-treat approach for the analysis. Differences between the intervention and control groups on impact of HAP on fetal growth trajectories were analyzed using mixed effects regression models. RESULTS There were no significant differences in fetal growth trajectories between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Larger studies in a setting of low ambient air pollution are required to further investigate the effect of transitioning to a cleaner fuel such as ethanol on intrauterine growth. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02394574 ; September 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Dutta
- Department of Medicine and Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Donee Alexander
- Department of Medicine and Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Theodore Karrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel Wilson
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Damilola Adu
- Healthy Life for All Foundation, House 38, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tope Ibigbami
- Healthy Life for All Foundation, House 38, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Adekunle
- Healthy Life for All Foundation, House 38, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Dayo Adepoju
- Healthy Life for All Foundation, House 38, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John Olamijulo
- Healthy Life for All Foundation, House 38, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Babatunde Adedokun
- Department of Medicine and Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Christopher O. Olopade
- Department of Medicine and Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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20
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Measurements of NOx and Development of Land Use Regression Models in an East-African City. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution causes premature mortality and morbidity globally, but these adverse health effects occur over proportionately in low- and middle-income countries. Lack of both air pollution data and knowledge of its spatial distribution in African countries have been suggested to lead to an underestimation of health effects from air pollution. This study aims to measure nitrogen oxides (NOx), as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), to develop Land Use Regression (LUR) models in the city of Adama, Ethiopia. NOx and NO2 was measured at over 40 sites during six days in both the wet and dry seasons. Throughout the city, measured mean levels of NOx and NO2 were 29.0 µg/m3 and 13.1 µg/m3, respectively. The developed LUR models explained 68% of the NOx variances and 75% of the NO2. Both models included similar geographical predictor variables (related to roads, industries, and transportation administration areas) as those included in prior LUR models. The models were validated by using leave-one-out cross-validation and tested for spatial autocorrelation and multicollinearity. The performance of the models was good, and they are feasible to use to predict variance in annual average NOx and NO2 concentrations. The models developed will be used in future epidemiological and health impact assessment studies. Such studies may potentially support mitigation action and improve public health.
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21
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Macchi C, Iodice S, Persico N, Ferrari L, Cantone L, Greco MF, Ischia B, Dozio E, Corsini A, Sirtori CR, Ruscica M, Bollati V. Maternal exposure to air pollutants, PCSK9 levels, fetal growth and gestational age - An Italian cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106163. [PMID: 33556817 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to airborne pollutants during pregnancy appears to be associated with uterine growth restriction and adverse neonatal outcome. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type (PCSK9), the key modulator of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism, increases following particulate matter (PM10) exposure. Because maternal cholesterol is required for fetal growth, PCSK9 levels could be used to evaluate the potential impact of airborne pollutants on fetal growth. DESIGN A cohort of 134 healthy women during early pregnancy (11-12 weeks of gestational age) was studied. RESULTS A significant association between circulating PCSK9 levels and three tested air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, nitric oxide (NO2)) was found. Of importance, gestational age at birth was reduced by approximately 1 week for each 100 ng/mL rise in circulating PCSK9 levels, an effect that became more significant at the highest quartile of PM2.5 (with a 1.8 week advance in delivery date for every 100 ng/mL rise in circulating PCSK9; p for interaction = 0.026). This finding was supported by an elevation of the odds ratio for urgent cesarean delivery for each 100 ng/mL rise in PCSK9 (2.99, 95% CI, 1.22-6.57), similar trends being obtained for PM10 and NO2. CONCLUSIONS The association between exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy and elevation in PCSK9 advances our understanding of the unforeseen influences of environmental exposure in terms of pregnancy associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - S Iodice
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - N Persico
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'L. Mangiagalli', Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - L Ferrari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Cantone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M F Greco
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - B Ischia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'L. Mangiagalli', Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - C R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - M Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - V Bollati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Ye X, Shin BC, Baldauf C, Ganguly A, Ghosh S, Devaskar SU. Developing Brain Glucose Transporters, Serotonin, Serotonin Transporter, and Oxytocin Receptor Expression in Response to Early-Life Hypocaloric and Hypercaloric Dietary, and Air Pollutant Exposures. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:27-42. [PMID: 33774619 DOI: 10.1159/000514709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed maternal diet and prenatal exposure to air pollution (AP) affect the fetal brain, predisposing to postnatal neurobehavioral disorders. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are key in fueling neurotransmission; deficiency of the neuronal isoform GLUT3 culminates in autism spectrum disorders. Along with the different neurotransmitters, serotonin (5-HT) and oxytocin (OXT) are critical for the development of neural connectivity. Serotonin transporter (SERT) modulates synaptic 5-HT levels, while the OXT receptor (OXTR) mediates OXT action. We hypothesized that perturbed brain GLUT1/GLUT3 regulated 5-HT-SERT imbalance, which serves as a contributing factor to postnatal neuropsychiatric phenotypes, with OXT/OXTR providing a counterbalance. Employing maternal diet restriction (intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR]), high-fat (HF) dietary modifications, and prenatal exposure to simulated AP, fetal (E19) murine brain 5-HT was assessed by ELISA with SERT and OXTR being localized by immunohistochemistry and measured by quantitative Western blot analysis. IUGR with lower head weights led to a 48% reduction in male and female fetal brain GLUT3 with no change in GLUT1, when compared to age- and sex-matched controls, with no significant change in OXTR. In addition, a ∼50% (p = 0.005) decrease in 5-HT and SERT concentrations was displayed in fetal IUGR brains. In contrast, despite emergence of microcephaly, exposure to a maternal HF diet or AP caused no significant changes. We conclude that in the IUGR during fetal brain development, reduced GLUT3 is associated with an imbalanced 5-HT-SERT axis. We speculate that these early changes may set the stage for altering the 5HT-SERT neural axis with postnatal emergence of associated neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bo-Chul Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claire Baldauf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amit Ganguly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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23
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Ibrahim MF, Hod R, Toha HR, Mohammed Nawi A, Idris IB, Mohd Yusoff H, Sahani M. The Impacts of Illegal Toxic Waste Dumping on Children's Health: A Review and Case Study from Pasir Gudang, Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2221. [PMID: 33668186 PMCID: PMC7956593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poor management of hazardous waste can lead to environmental pollution, injuries, and adverse health risks. Children's exposure to hazardous waste may cause serious acute and chronic health problems due to their higher vulnerability to the toxic effects of chemicals. This study examines an incident of illegal chemical dumping in Pasir Gudang, Malaysia and its potential health impacts on children. The study introduced a risk assessment of possible health-related effects due to chemical contamination based on a real case scenario where quantification of the contamination was not feasible. A literature review and spatial analysis were used as research methods. On 6th March 2019, tons of hazardous waste were illegally disposed into Kim Kim River, Pasir Gudang, Malaysia. They were identified as benzene, acrolein, acrylonitrile, hydrogen chloride, methane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and d-limonene. As a result, 975 students in the vicinity developed signs and symptoms of respiratory disease due to the chemical poisoning. The findings of this study indicate that more effective policies and preventive actions are urgently needed to protect human health, especially children from improper hazardous waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faiz Ibrahim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.F.I.); (A.M.N.); (I.B.I.); (H.M.Y.)
- Malaysian Society for Environmental Epidemiology (MySEE), No. 41, Jalan Persiaran Taman Melati, Taman Melati, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; (H.R.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.F.I.); (A.M.N.); (I.B.I.); (H.M.Y.)
- Malaysian Society for Environmental Epidemiology (MySEE), No. 41, Jalan Persiaran Taman Melati, Taman Melati, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; (H.R.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Haidar Rizal Toha
- Malaysian Society for Environmental Epidemiology (MySEE), No. 41, Jalan Persiaran Taman Melati, Taman Melati, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; (H.R.T.); (M.S.)
- Public Health Division, Johor State Health Department, Jalan Persiaran Permai, Johor Bahru 81200, Malaysia
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.F.I.); (A.M.N.); (I.B.I.); (H.M.Y.)
| | - Idayu Badilla Idris
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.F.I.); (A.M.N.); (I.B.I.); (H.M.Y.)
| | - Hanizah Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.F.I.); (A.M.N.); (I.B.I.); (H.M.Y.)
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Malaysian Society for Environmental Epidemiology (MySEE), No. 41, Jalan Persiaran Taman Melati, Taman Melati, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; (H.R.T.); (M.S.)
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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24
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Carvalho MA, Hettfleisch K, Rodrigues AS, Benachi A, Vieira SE, Saldiva SRDM, Saldiva PHN, Francisco RPV, Bernardes LS. Association between exposure to air pollution during intrauterine life and cephalic circumference of the newborn. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9701-9711. [PMID: 33151495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been observed that air pollution can affect newborn health due to the negative effects of pollutants on pregnancy development. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of maternal exposure to urban air pollution on head circumference (HC) at birth. Reduced head growth during pregnancy may be associated with neurocognitive deficits in childhood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association between maternal exposure to air pollution and HC at birth and to provide context with a systematic review to investigate this association. This was a prospective study of low-risk pregnant women living in São Paulo, Brazil. Exposure to pollutants, namely, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), was measured during each trimester using passive personal samplers. We measured newborn HC until 24 h after birth. We used multiple linear regression models to evaluate the association between pollutants and HC while controlling for known determinants of pregnancy. To perform the systematic review, four different electronic databases were searched through November 2018: CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, and MEDLINE. We selected longitudinal or transversal designs associating air pollution and HC at birth. Two reviewers evaluated the inclusion criteria and risk of bias and extracted data from the included papers. Thirteen studies were selected for the systematic review. We evaluated 391 patients, and we did not observe a significant association between air pollution and HC. Regarding the systematic review, 13 studies were selected for the systematic review, 8 studies showed an inverse association between maternal exposure to pollutants and HC, 4 showed no association, and one observed a direct association. In the city of São Paulo, maternal exposure to pollutants was not significantly associated with HC at birth. The systematic review suggested an inverse association between air pollution and HC at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Azevedo Carvalho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School, 255, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Karen Hettfleisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School, 255, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Agatha S Rodrigues
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School, 255, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Department of Ob-GYN and Reproductive Medecine, Antoine Beclere Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 92141, Clamart, France
| | - Sandra Elisabete Vieira
- Department of Pediatrics, São Paulo University Medical School, 255, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Silvia R D M Saldiva
- Health Institute, State Health Secretariat, 590, Rua Santo Antônio, São Paulo, 01314-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário N Saldiva
- Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of São Paulo, 455, Av. Dr Arnaldo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School, 255, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Stein Bernardes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São Paulo University Medical School, 255, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil.
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25
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Bergstra AD, Brunekreef B, Burdorf A. The influence of industry-related air pollution on birth outcomes in an industrialized area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:115741. [PMID: 33279267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggests that air pollution, from among others road traffic, can influence growth and development of the human foetus during pregnancy. The effects of air pollution from heavy industry on birth outcomes have been investigated scarcely. Our aim was to investigate the associations of air pollution from heavy industry on birth outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4488 singleton live births (2012-2017) in the vicinity of a large industrial area in the Netherlands. Information from the birth registration was linked with a dispersion model to characterize annual individual-level exposure of pregnant mothers to air pollutants from industry in the area. Associations between particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) with low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA) were investigated by logistic regression analysis and with gestational age, birth weight, birth length, and head circumference by linear regression analysis. Exposures to NOX, SO2, and VOC (per interquartile range of 1.16, 0.42, and 0.97 μg/m3 respectively) during pregnancy were associated with LBW (OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.06-1.35, OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.00-1.43, and OR 1.21, 95%CI 1.08-1.35 respectively). NOX and VOC were also associated with PTB (OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.01-1.29 and OR 1.17, 95%CI 1.04-1.31 respectively). Associations between exposure to air pollution and birth weight, birth length, and head circumference were statistically significant. Higher exposure to PM10, NOX, SO2 and VOC (per interquartile range of 0.41, 1.16, 0.42, and 0.97 μg/m3 respectively) was associated with reduced birth weight of 21 g to 30 g. The 90th percentile industry-related PM10 exposure corresponded with an average birth weight decrease of 74 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold D Bergstra
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Zeeland Public Health Service, PO Box 345, 4460AS, Goes, the Netherlands.
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80176, 3508TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Cao ZJ, Zhao Y, Wang SM, Zhang DL, Zhou YC, Liu WN, Yang YY, Hua J. Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter and fetal growth: a cohort study from a velocity perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128404. [PMID: 33182127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced growth velocity before birth increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in adult life. However, until recently, there has been a lack of studies demonstrating the impact of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on fetal growth velocity. METHODS The current study was embedded in a previous cohort built between January 1, 2014, and April 30, 2015, in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, China, in 6129 eligible singleton pregnancies. The PM2.5 concentration was estimated by an inverse distance weighted method according to the residential addresses of the participants. Repeated fetal biometry measurements, including head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and biparietal diameter (BPD), were measured through ultrasound between 14 and 41 gestational weeks. A principal component analysis through conditional expectation for sparse longitudinal data was used to estimate the corresponding velocities. RESULTS A total of 22782 ultrasound measurements were conducted among 6129 participants with a median of 2 and a maximum of 9 measurements. With each 10 μg/m3 increase in cumulative PM2.5 exposure, the velocity of HC, AC FL and BPD decreased by 0.12 mm/week, 0.17 mm/week, 0.02 mm/week and 0.02 mm/week, respectively, on average. The results of the Generalized Functional Concurrent Model showed that the velocity decreased significantly with PM2.5 exposure between 22 and 32 gestational weeks, which might be the potential sensitive exposure window. CONCLUSIONS There are negative associations between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and fetal growth velocity, and the late second trimester and early third trimester might be the potential sensitive window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Cao
- The Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong-Lan Zhang
- The Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA.
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- The Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Na Liu
- The Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- The Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Hua
- The Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Shao X, Cheng H, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Yang C, Di Narzo A, Yu J, Shen Y, Li Y, Xu S, Zhang Z, Chen J, Cheng J, Hao K. Prenatal exposure to ambient air multi-pollutants significantly impairs intrauterine fetal development trajectory. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110726. [PMID: 32480160 PMCID: PMC7363555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired in utero fetal growth trajectory may have long term health consequences of the newborns and increase risk of adulthood metabolic diseases. Prenatal exposure to air pollution has been linked to fetal development restriction; however, the impact of exposure to ambient air pollutants on the entire course of intrauterine fetal development has not been comprehensively investigated. METHODS During 2015-2018, two cohorts of mother-infant dyads (N = 678 and 227) were recruited in Shanghai China, from which three categories of data were systematically collected: (1) daily exposure to six air pollutants during pregnancy, (2) fetal biometry in the 2nd (gestational week 24, [GW24]) and 3rd trimester (GW36), and (3) neonatal outcomes at birth. We investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to air pollutant mixture on the trajectory of fetal development during the course of gestation, adjusting for a broad set of potential confounds. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and O3 significantly reduced fetal biometry at GW24, where SO2 had the most potent effect. For every 10 μg/m3 increment increase of daily SO2 exposure during the 1st trimester shortened femur length by 2.20 mm (p = 6.7E-21) translating to 5.3% reduction from the average of the study cohort. Prenatal air pollution exposure also decreased fetal biometry at GW36 with attenuated effect size. Comparing to the lowest exposed quartile, fetus in the highest exposed quartile had 6.3% (p = 3.5E-5) and 2.1% (p = 2.4E-3) lower estimated intrauterine weight in GW24 and GW36, respectively; however, no difference in birth weight was observed, indicating a rapid catch-up growth in the 3rd trimester. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, for the first time, we demonstrated the impact of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants on the course of intrauterine fetal development. The altered growth trajectory and rapid catch-up growth in associated with high prenatal exposure may lead to long-term predisposition for adulthood metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jushan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Ecology and Environment, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Ecology and Environment, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiajing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Rittner R, Flanagan E, Oudin A, Malmqvist E. Health Impacts from Ambient Particle Exposure in Southern Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145064. [PMID: 32674378 PMCID: PMC7400131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A health impact assessment (HIA) is an important tool for making informed decisions regarding the design and evaluation of environmental interventions. In this study, we performed a quantitative HIA for the population of Scania (1,247,993), the southernmost county in Sweden, in 2016. The impact of annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), modeled at their home residences for the year 2011, on mortality, asthma, dementia, autism spectrum disorders, preeclampsia and low birth weight (LBW) was explored. Concentration–response (C-R) functions were taken from epidemiological studies reporting meta-analyses when available, and otherwise from single epidemiological studies. The average level of PM2.5 experienced by the study population was 11.88 µg/m3. The PM2.5 exposure was estimated to cause 9–11% of cases of LBW and 6% of deaths from natural causes. Locally produced PM2.5 alone contributed to 2–9% of the cases of diseases and disorders investigated. Reducing concentrations to a maximum of 10 µg/m3 would, according to our estimations, reduce mortality by 3% and reduce cases of LBW by 2%. Further analyses of separate emission sources’ distinct effects were also presented. Reduction of air pollution levels in the study area would, as expected, have a substantial effect on both mortality and adverse health outcomes. Reductions should be aimed for by local authorities and on national and even international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Rittner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (E.F.); (A.O.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-4617-3189
| | - Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (E.F.); (A.O.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (E.F.); (A.O.); (E.M.)
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (E.F.); (A.O.); (E.M.)
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Mandakh Y, Rittner R, Flanagan E, Oudin A, Isaxon C, Familari M, Hansson SR, Malmqvist E. Maternal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Preeclampsia: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Scania, Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1744. [PMID: 32155988 PMCID: PMC7084298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of developing preeclampsia (PE) associated with gestational exposure to ambient air pollutants in southern Sweden, a low-exposure area. We used a cohort of 43,688 singleton pregnancies and monthly mean exposure levels of black carbon (BC), local and total particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and NOX at the maternal residential address estimated by Gaussian dispersion modeling from 2000 to 2009. Analyses were conducted using binary logistic regression. A subtype analysis for small-for-gestational age (SGA) was performed. All analyses were adjusted for obstetrical risk factors and socioeconomic predictors. There were 1286 (2.9%) PE cases in the analysis. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.35 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.11-1.63 was found when comparing the lowest quartile of BC exposure to the highest quartile in the third trimester The AOR for PE associated with each 5 µg/m3 increase in locally emitted PM2.5 was 2.74 (95% CI: 1.68, 4.47) in the entire pregnancy. Similar patterns were observed for each 5 µg/m3 increment in locally emitted PM10. In pregnancies complicated by PE with SGA, the corresponding AOR for linear increases in BC was 3.48 (95% CI: 1.67, 7.27). In this low-level setting, maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during gestation was associated with the risk of developing PE. The associations seemed more pronounced in pregnancies with SGA complications, a finding that should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumjirmaa Mandakh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 402A, 22381 Lund, Sweden; (Y.M.); (R.R.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Ralf Rittner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 402A, 22381 Lund, Sweden; (Y.M.); (R.R.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 402A, 22381 Lund, Sweden; (Y.M.); (R.R.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 402A, 22381 Lund, Sweden; (Y.M.); (R.R.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Christina Isaxon
- Department of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 26, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Mary Familari
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia;
| | - Stefan Rocco Hansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Klinikgatan 12, 22185 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, Building 402A, 22381 Lund, Sweden; (Y.M.); (R.R.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
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Prenatal Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure and Longitudinal Weight Growth Trajectories in Early Childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041444. [PMID: 32102302 PMCID: PMC7068568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with impaired fetal growth and postnatal weight gain, but few studies have examined the effect on weight growth trajectories. We examine the association between validated 1 km2 resolution particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations, averaged over pregnancy, and sex-specific growth trajectories from birth to age six of participants in the Boston-based Children's HealthWatch cohort (4797 participants, 84,283 measures). We compared weight trajectories, predicted using polynomial splines in mixed models, between prenatal PM2.5 above or below the median (9.5 µg/m3), and examined birth weight as an effect modifier. Females exposed to average prenatal PM2.5 ≥ 9.5 µg/m3 had higher weights compared to females exposed to < 9.5 µg/m3 throughout the study period (0.16 kg at 24 months, 0.61 kg at 60 months). In males, higher prenatal PM2.5 exposure was associated with significantly lower weights after 24 months of age, with differences increasing with time (-0.17 at 24 months, -0.72 kg at 60 months). Associations were more pronounced among low birth weight (<2500 g) females, but did not differ by birth weight status in males. Our findings demonstrate the complex association between air pollution exposures and childhood weight trajectories and emphasize the importance of sex-stratified analyses.
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Naidoo P, Naidoo RN, Ramkaran P, Chuturgoon AA. Effect of maternal HIV infection, BMI and NOx air pollution exposure on birth outcomes in South African pregnant women genotyped for the p53 Pro72Arg (rs1042522). Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:414-429. [PMID: 32080966 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumour suppressor protein, p53, plays a role in modulating innate immune responses, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis. Maternal nitrogen oxide (NOx) air pollution exposure, body mass index (BMI), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and p53 Pro72Arg (rs1042522) affect foetal growth. We investigated whether the aforementioned factors influence birth outcomes in a South African population. Pregnant women (n = 300; HIV -ve = 194 and HIV +ve = 106) were genotyped for the p53 rs1042522 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and further stratified based on HIV status, infants' birthweight (BW; NBW: normal BW [>2,500 g] and LBW: low BW [<2,500 g]) and gestational age (GA; NGA: normal GA [>37 weeks] and PTB: preterm birth [≤37 weeks]). A land use regression model was developed to characterize maternal NOx exposure. Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression analysis statistical tests were used to determine the effect of rs1042522 genotyped pregnant women's BMI and NOx exposure on maternal blood pressure and haemoglobin and iron levels, and infants' anthropometric measurements and Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores. The prevalence of LBW and PTB was 14.7% and 18.7%, respectively. The LBW group had a higher frequency of the variant Arg-allele versus NBW group (47.7% vs. 31.4%, p = .0046, OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.26-3.17). No association was observed between NGA and PTB groups. A significant association between BMI and systolic blood pressure (r = .50, p = .00; B = 0.76, p = .002) and birth length (r = -.28, p = .01; B = -0.107, p = .011), and NOx and birth length (r = -.26, p = .08; B = -0.191, p = .046) and birthweight (B = -8.87, p = .048) was observed in HIV-infected mothers with the variant Pro/Arg + Arg/Arg genotypes. Mothers from the LBW group with the variant genotypes displayed an association between NOx and diastolic blood pressure (r = .58, p = .04), blood iron levels (r = -.60, p = .04; B = -0.204, p = .004), APGAR scores at 1 min (r = -.86, p = .00; B = -0.101, p = .003) and 5 min (r = -.75, p = .01) and birth length (r = -.61, p = .04), and BMI and diastolic blood pressure (r = .72, p = .01). In the PTB group, maternal variant genotypes and NOx were associated with blood haemoglobin levels (B = -0.132, p = .045) and APGAR scores at 1 min (B = -0.161, p = .045) and 5 min (B = -0.147, p = .043). Maternal rs1042522 Arg-allele, HIV infection, BMI and NOx exposure collectively play a role in lowering blood iron levels, gestational hypertension and LBW outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragalathan Naidoo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prithiksha Ramkaran
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Gomez SD, Bustos PS, Sánchez VG, Ortega MG, Guiñazú N. Trophoblast toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid and an acetamiprid-based formulation. Toxicology 2020; 431:152363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Connecting Air Pollution Exposure to Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study on Environmental Injustice among Pregnant Women in Scania, Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245116. [PMID: 31847380 PMCID: PMC6949975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental injustice, characterized by lower socioeconomic status (SES) persons being subjected to higher air pollution concentrations, was explored among pregnant women in Scania, Sweden. Understanding if the general reduction of air pollution recorded is enjoyed by all SES groups could illuminate existing inequalities and inform policy development. "Maternal Air Pollution in Southern Sweden", an epidemiological database, contains data for 48,777 pregnancies in Scanian hospital catchment areas and includes births from 1999-2009. SES predictors considered included education level, household disposable income, and birth country. A Gaussian dispersion model was used to model women's average NOX and PM2.5 exposure at home residence over the pregnancy period. Total concentrations were dichotomized into emission levels below/above respective Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Clean Air objectives. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. A sensitivity analysis facilitated the investigation of associations' variation over time. Lower-SES women born outside Sweden were disproportionately exposed to higher pollutant concentrations. Odds of exposure to NOX above Swedish EPA objectives reduced over time, especially for low-SES persons. Environmental injustice exists in Scania, but it lessened with declining overall air pollution levels, implying that continued air quality improvement could help protect vulnerable populations and further reduce environmental inequalities.
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Oudin A, Frondelius K, Haglund N, Källén K, Forsberg B, Gustafsson P, Malmqvist E. Prenatal exposure to air pollution as a potential risk factor for autism and ADHD. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105149. [PMID: 31629172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to the development of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). One suggested environmental risk factor for ASD and ADHD is air pollution, but knowledge of its effects, especially in low-exposure areas, are limited. Here, we investigate risks for ASD and ADHD associated with prenatal exposure to air pollution in an area with air pollution levels generally well below World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. We used an epidemiological database (MAPSS) consisting of virtually all (99%) children born between 1999 and 2009 (48,571 births) in the study area, in southern Sweden. MAPSS consists of data on modelled nitrogen oxide (NOx) levels derived from a Gaussian dispersion model; maternal residency during pregnancy; perinatal factors collected from a regional birth registry; and socio-economic factors extracted from Statistics Sweden. All ASD and ADHD diagnoses in our data were undertaken at the Malmö and Lund Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, using standardized diagnostic instruments. We used logistic regression analyses to obtain estimates of the risk of developing ASD and ADHD associated with different air pollution levels, with adjustments for potential perinatal and socio-economic confounders. In this longitudinal cohort study, we found associations between air pollution exposure during the prenatal period and and the risk of developing ASD. For example, an adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.40 and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (95% CI: 1.02-1.93) were found when comparing the fourth with the first quartile of NOx exposure. We did not find similar associations on the risk of developing ADHD. This study contributes to the growing evidence of a link between prenatal exposure to air pollution and autism spectrum disorders, suggesting that prenatal exposure even below current WHO air quality guidelines may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Kasper Frondelius
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nils Haglund
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Karin Källén
- Centre of Reproduction Epidemiology, Tornblad Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Peik Gustafsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
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Exposure of trophoblast cells to fine particulate matter air pollution leads to growth inhibition, inflammation and ER stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218799. [PMID: 31318865 PMCID: PMC6638881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is considered a major environmental health threat to pregnant women. Our previous work has shown an association between exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) and an increased risk of developing pre-eclamspia. It is now recognized that many pregnancy complications are due to underlying placental dysfunction, and this tissue plays a pivotal role in pre-eclamspia. Recent studies have shown that PM can enter the circulation and reach the human placenta but the effects of PM on human placental function are still largely unknown. In this work we investigated the effects of airborne PM on trophoblast cells. Human, first trimester trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SV) were exposed to urban pollution particles (Malmö PM2.5; Prague PM10) for up to seven days in vitro and were analysed for uptake, levels of hCGβ and IL-6 secretion and proteomic analysis. HTR-8/SVneo cells rapidly endocytose PM within 30 min of exposure and particles accumulate in the cell in perinuclear vesicles. High doses of Prague and Malmö PM (500-5000 ng/ml) significantly decreased hCGβ secretion and increased IL-6 secretion after 48 h exposure. Exposure to PM (50 ng/ml) for 48h or seven days led to reduced cellular growth and altered protein expression. The differentially expressed proteins are involved in networks that regulate cellular processes such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular survival and molecular transport pathways. Our studies suggest that trophoblast cells exposed to low levels of urban PM respond with reduced growth, oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress after taking up the particles by endocytosis. Many of the dysfunctional cellular processes ascribed to the differentially expressed proteins in this study, are similar to those described in PE, suggesting that low levels of urban PM may disrupt cellular processes in trophoblast cells. Many of the differentially expressed proteins identified in this study are involved in inflammation and may be potential biomarkers for PE.
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Fu L, Chen Y, Yang X, Yang Z, Liu S, Pei L, Feng B, Cao G, Liu X, Lin H, Li X, Ye Y, Zhang B, Sun J, Xu X, Liu T, Ma W. The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20137-20147. [PMID: 31111384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy on fetal growth have been investigated using ultrasound in many previous studies, the results were inconsistent and disputable. We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the associations of air pollution exposure during different periods of pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth. We searched for all studies investigating the associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and birth anthropometric measurements in English and Chinese databases published before July 31, 2017. A random-effects model was employed in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled effects of each 10 μg/m3 increment in air pollutant exposure. The ACROBAT-NRSI tool was applied to assess the quality of each included study, and the GRADE tool was employed to assess the overall quality of the meta-analysis. Maternal PM2.5 exposure (10 μg/m3) during the entire pregnancy was negatively associated with head circumference at birth (β = - 0.30 cm, 95% CI - 0.49, - 0.10), and NO2 exposure during the entire pregnancy was significantly linked to shorter length at birth (β = - 0.03 cm, 95% CI - 0.05, - 0.02). Maternal exposure to higher NO2 and PM2.5 during pregnancy may impair neonatal head circumference and length development, respectively. More studies are needed to confirm the effects of NO2 and PM2.5 and to identify the sources and major toxic components of PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Zuyao Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999000, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Lei Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Baixiang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Ganxiang Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
- General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 160, Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
- General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China.
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Huang I, Mak D, Cheung P, Abraham M, Clemens T, Turner S. A systematic review of associations between maternal exposures during pregnancy other than smoking and antenatal fetal measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:528-538. [PMID: 30991176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced birth weight is associated with many maternal environmental exposures during pregnancy, but the gestational age at onset of this association is unknown. We have previously reported associations between maternal smoking and fetal size. OBJECTIVE To report on our systematic review of the literature describing associations between antenatal size and growth and maternal exposures during pregnancy. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (OVID and EMBASE) and web sites for cohort studies were searched. Studies were eligible if they examined associations between maternal environmental exposures (including ambient air exposure, diet and alcohol) and antenatal fetal ultrasound measurements. The Navigation Guide was used to assess the strength of evidence. RESULTS There were 451 abstracts identified and 36 papers were included of which maternal diet was the exposure of interest in 15, maternal ambient air exposure in 10, maternal alcohol in 3 and other exposures in 8. The first paper was published in 2006. Associations were present between exposures and fetal measurements in 18% of comparisons with second trimester measurements and in 46% of comparisons with third trimester measurements. In the third trimester, when an association was present, reduced head size was most commonly (58%) associated with current or previous maternal exposure, with reduced length being least commonly (32%) associated and reduced weight being intermediate (52%). In the third trimester, increased maternal nitrogen dioxide exposure was associated with reduced head size was associated with in all seven studies identified and reduced fetal weight in five out of six studies. CONCLUSION There is sufficient evidence of toxicity in the context of maternal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and reduced third trimester fetal head size. There is currently insufficient evidence of toxicity with regard to maternal exposures to dietary factors, alcohol and environmental chemicals and reduced fetal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivory Huang
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Diane Mak
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Tom Clemens
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steve Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Cao Z, Meng L, Zhao Y, Liu C, Yang Y, Su X, Fu Q, Wang D, Hua J. Maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and fetal growth in Shanghai, China. Environ Health 2019; 18:49. [PMID: 31096994 PMCID: PMC6524254 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is not only a major determinant of perinatal morbidity and mortality but also leads to adverse health effects in later life. Over the past decade, numerous studies have indicated that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution has been a risk factor for abnormal fetal growth in developed countries where PM2.5 levels are relatively low. However, studies in highly polluted regions, such as China, and studies that rely on assessments in utero are scarce. METHODS A total of 7965 women were selected from 11,441 women from the Shanghai Maternity and Infant Living Environment (SMILE) cohort who were pregnant between January 1, 2014, and April 30, 2015. From January 1, 2014, to April 30, 2015, weekly average PM2.5 values from 53 monitors were calculated and the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method was used to create a Shanghai pollution surface map according to the participants residential addresses. Individual exposure was the average PM2.5 value of every gestational week between the first gestational week and one week before the ultrasound measurement date (the range of measurements per participant was 1 to 10). Repeated fetal ultrasound measurements during gestational weeks 14~40 were selected. The estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated by biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) formulas. In total, 29,926 ultrasound measurements were analysed. Demographic variables, other pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM10 and O3) and relative humidity and temperature were controlled for potential confounding through generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS The full model showed that with each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure, the means (mm) of AC, BPD, FL decreased by 5.48 (- 9.06, - 1.91), 5.57 (- 6.66, - 4.47), and 5.47 (- 6.39, - 4.55), respectively; the mean EFW decreased by 14.49 (- 16.05, - 13.49) grams by Hadlock's third formula and 13.56 (- 14.71, - 12.50) grams by Shepard's formula with each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSIONS A negative correlation existed between maternal PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy and fetal growth indicators, which may increase the risk of fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Cao
- Department of Women and Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Meng
- Department of Women and Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Women and Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Siping Rd. 1239, Shanghai, 200082 China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Women and Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Su
- Department of Women and Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Women and Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Servadio JL, Lawal AS, Davis T, Bates J, Russell AG, Ramaswami A, Convertino M, Botchwey N. Demographic Inequities in Health Outcomes and Air Pollution Exposure in the Atlanta Area and its Relationship to Urban Infrastructure. J Urban Health 2019; 96:219-234. [PMID: 30478764 PMCID: PMC6458195 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental burdens such as air pollution are inequitably distributed with groups of lower socioeconomic statuses, which tend to comprise of large proportions of racial minorities, typically bearing greater exposure. Such groups have also been shown to present more severe health outcomes which can be related to adverse pollution exposure. Air pollution exposure, especially in urban areas, is usually impacted by the built environment, such as major roadways, which can be a significant source of air pollution. This study aims to examine inequities in prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the Atlanta metropolitan region as they relate to exposure to air pollution and characteristics of the built environment. Census tract level data were obtained from multiple sources to model health outcomes (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke), pollution exposure (particulate matter and nitrogen oxides), demographics (ethnicity and proportion of elderly residents), and infrastructure characteristics (tree canopy cover, access to green space, and road intersection density). Conditional autoregressive models were fit to the data to account for spatial autocorrelation among census tracts. The statistical model showed areas with majority African-American populations had significantly higher exposure to both air pollutants and higher prevalence of each disease. When considering univariate associations between pollution and health outcomes, the only significant association existed between nitrogen oxides and COPD being negatively correlated. Greater percent tree canopy cover and green space access were associated with higher prevalence of COPD, CHD, and stroke. Overall, in considering health outcomes in connection with pollution exposure infrastructure and ethnic demographics, demographics remained the most significant explanatory variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Servadio
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Abiola S Lawal
- Schools of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tate Davis
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Josephine Bates
- Schools of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Anu Ramaswami
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matteo Convertino
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nisha Botchwey
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Mariet AS, Mauny F, Pujol S, Thiriez G, Sagot P, Riethmuller D, Boilleaut M, Defrance J, Houot H, Parmentier AL, Vasseur-Barba M, Benzenine E, Quantin C, Bernard N. Multiple pregnancies and air pollution in moderately polluted cities: Is there an association between air pollution and fetal growth? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:890-897. [PMID: 30347371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple pregnancies (where more than one fetus develops simultaneously in the womb) are systematically excluded from studies of the impact of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to analyze, in a population of multiple pregnancies, the relationship between fetal growth restriction (FGR), small for gestational age (SGA) and exposure to air pollution in moderately polluted cities. METHODS All women with multiple pregnancies living in the city of Besançon or in the urban area of Dijon and who delivered at a university hospital between 2005 and 2009 were included. FGR and SGA were obtained from medical records. Outdoor residential nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure was assessed using the mother's address, considering a 50 m radius buffer over the following defined pregnancy periods: each trimester, entire pregnancy and two months before delivery. Logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS This study included 249 multiple pregnancies with 506 newborns. The median of NO2 concentration considering a 50 m radius buffer during entire pregnancy was 23.1 μg/m3 (minimum at 10.1 μg/m3 and maximum at 46.7 μg/m3). No association was observed between NO2 and SGA whatever the pregnancy period (the odds ratio (OR) range 0.78 to 0.88). Regarding FGR, the OR associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 of NO2 exposure during entire pregnancy was 1.52 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02-2.26). Similar results were observed for NO2 exposure during the various pregnancy periods. CONCLUSIONS These results are in line with an association between NO2 and fetal growth in multiple pregnancies for an exposure mostly below the threshold set out in European legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Mariet
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Service de Biostatistiques et d'Information Médicale, F-21000 Dijon, France; CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center of Dijon (Inserm CIC 1432), F-21000 Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), UMR 1181, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Mauny
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Sophie Pujol
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Gérard Thiriez
- CHU de Besançon, Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Néonatalogie et Urgences Pédiatriques, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Paul Sagot
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Didier Riethmuller
- CHU de Besançon, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Jérôme Defrance
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Pôle Acoustique et Eclairage, F-38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Hélène Houot
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire ThéMA UMR 6049, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Parmentier
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marie Vasseur-Barba
- CHU de Besançon, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Épidémiologie et Santé Publique, INSERM CIC 1431, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Eric Benzenine
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Service de Biostatistiques et d'Information Médicale, F-21000 Dijon, France; CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center of Dijon (Inserm CIC 1432), F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Quantin
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Service de Biostatistiques et d'Information Médicale, F-21000 Dijon, France; CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center of Dijon (Inserm CIC 1432), F-21000 Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, Biostatistique, Biomathématique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Maladies Infectieuses (B2PHI), UMR 1181, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nadine Bernard
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Laboratoire ThéMA UMR 6049, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Gong X, Lin Y, Bell ML, Zhan FB. Associations between maternal residential proximity to air emissions from industrial facilities and low birth weight in Texas, USA. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:181-198. [PMID: 30096612 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous studies examining associations between maternal exposures to air pollutants during pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW) in offspring focused on criteria air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, CO, and Pb). The relationship between non-criteria air pollutants and LBW is understudied and requires greater coverage. OBJECTIVES This study investigated associations between maternal residential exposure to industrial air pollutants during pregnancy and LBW in offspring. METHODS This study used a case-control study design that included 94,106 term LBW cases and 376,424 controls. It covered 78 air pollutants common to both the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and ground air quality monitoring databases in Texas during 1996-2008. A modified version of the Emission Weighted Proximity Model (EWPM), calibrated with ground monitoring data, was used to estimate maternal residential exposure to industrial air pollutants during pregnancy. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) reflecting the associations of maternal exposure to industrial air pollutants and LBW in offspring, adjusted for child's sex, gestational weeks, maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, marital status, prenatal care, tobacco use during pregnancy, public health region of maternal residence, and year of birth. In addition, the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied to the results of logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Relative to the non-exposed reference group, maternal residential exposure to benzene (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.08), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07), cumene (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07), cyclohexane (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07), dichloromethane (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07), ethylbenzene (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.06), ethylene (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03, 1.09), mercury (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07), naphthalene (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01, 1.05), n-hexane (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04, 1.08), propylene (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03, 1.10), styrene (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04, 1.08), toluene (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07), and zinc (fume or dust) (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06, 1.13) was found to have significantly higher odds of LBW in offspring. When the estimated exposures were categorized into four different groups (zero, low, medium, and high) in the analysis, eleven of the fourteen air pollutants, with the exception of benzo(g,h,i)perylene, ethylene, and propylene, remained as significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that maternal residential proximity to industrial facilities emitting any of the fourteen pollutants identified by this study during pregnancy may be associated with LBW in offspring. With the exception of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and zinc, the rest of the fourteen air pollutants are identified as LBW risk factors for the first time by this study. Further epidemiological, biological, and toxicological studies are suggested to verify the findings from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - F Benjamin Zhan
- Texas Center for Geographic Information Science, Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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Frondelius K, Oudin A, Malmqvist E. Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Child BMI-A Study of Prenatal Exposure to Nitrogen Oxides and Body Mass Index in Children at the Age of Four Years in Malmö, Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102294. [PMID: 30347657 PMCID: PMC6210059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollution could be a danger to the health of children. Earlier studies have linked prenatal exposure to an increased risk of a range of diseases and negative health outcomes, including overweight and obesity. Presently, a knowledge gap exists in investigating the risk of overweight and obesity among children exposed to lower levels of air pollution in utero. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal traffic-related air pollution (nitrogen dioxides (NOx) and traffic density) and childhood overweight and obesity in Malmö, Sweden. A cohort, based on attendance of a four-year check-up examination at Swedish Child Health Care (CHC) centers, and a parent-assessed questionnaire provided data on body-mass index adjusted for four-year-old children (ISO-BMI) as well as socioeconomic and health variables. We estimated exposure by using traffic density and levels of NOx at the maternal geocoded residential level. Analysis of 5815 children was performed using binary logistic regression models. This study showed no associations of increased risk for childhood overweight or obesity through to prenatal exposure to NOx in this low-exposure setting. We further suggest analysis of risks related to exposure levels ranging between the ones presented here and those proposed in previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Frondelius
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anna Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Gong X, Lin Y, Zhan FB. Industrial air pollution and low birth weight: a case-control study in Texas, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30375-30389. [PMID: 30159842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated associations between maternal residential exposures to air pollutants and low birth weight (LBW) in offspring. However, most studies focused on the criteria air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, CO, and Pb), and only a few studies examined the potential impact of other air pollutants on LBW. This study investigated associations between maternal residential exposure to industrial air emissions of 449 toxics release inventory (TRI) chemicals and LBW in offspring using a case-control study design based on a large dataset consisting of 94,106 LBW cases and 376,424 controls in Texas from 1996 to 2008. Maternal residential exposure to chemicals was estimated using a modified version of the emission-weighted proximity model (EWPM). The model takes into account reported quantities of annual air emission from industrial facilities and the distances between the locations of industrial facilities and maternal residence locations. Binary logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios measuring the association between maternal exposure to different TRI chemicals and LBW in offspring. Odds ratios were adjusted for child's sex, birth year, gestational length, maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, and public health region of maternal residence. Among the ten chemicals selected for a complete analysis, maternal residential exposures to five TRI chemicals were positively associated with LBW in offspring. These five chemicals include acetamide (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24, 4.20), p-phenylenediamine (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.18, 2.25), 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20, 1.66), tributyltin methacrylate (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.36), and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03, 1.20). These findings suggest that maternal residential proximity to industrial air emissions of some chemicals during pregnancy may be associated with LBW in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - F Benjamin Zhan
- Texas Center for Geographic Information Science, Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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Malmqvist E, Lisberg Jensen E, Westerberg K, Stroh E, Rittner R, Gustafsson S, Spanne M, Nilsson H, Oudin A. Estimated health benefits of exhaust free transport in the city of Malmö, Southern Sweden. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:78-85. [PMID: 29807292 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is responsible for one in eight premature deaths worldwide, and thereby a major threat to human health. Health impact assessments of hypothetic changes in air pollution concentrations can be used as a mean of assessing the health impacts of policy, plans and projects, and support decision-makers in choices to prevent disease. The aim of this study was to estimate health impacts attributable to a hypothetical decrease in air pollution concentrations in the city of Malmö in Southern Sweden corresponding to a policy on-road transportations without tail-pipe emissions in the municipality. We used air pollution data modelled for each of the 326,092 inhabitants in Malmö by a Gaussian dispersion model combined with an emission database with >40,000 sources. The dispersion model calculates Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) (later transformed into Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μg/m3 (PM2.5) with high spatial and temporal resolution (85 m and 1 h, respectively). The average individual reduction was 5.1 (ranging from 0.6 to 11.8) μg/m3 in NO2, which would prevent 55 (2% of all deaths) to 93 (4%) deaths annually, depending on dose-response function used. Furthermore, we estimate that the NO2 reduction would result in 21 (6%) fewer cases of incident asthma in children, 95 (10%) fewer children with bronchitis every year, 30 (1%) fewer hospital admissions for respiratory disease, 87(4%) fewer dementia cases, and 11(11%) fewer cases of preeclampsia every year. The average reduction in PM2.5 of 0.6 (ranging from 0.1 till 1.7) μg/m3 would mean that 2729 (0.3%) work days would not be lost due to sick-days and that there would be 16,472 fewer restricted activity days (0.3%) that year had all on-road transportations been without tail-pipe emissions. Even though the estimates are sensitive to the dose-response functions used and to exposure misclassification errors, even the most conservative estimate of the number of prevented deaths is 7 times larger than the annual traffic fatalities in Malmö, indicating a substantial possibility to reduce the health burden attributed to tail-pipe emissions in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Malmqvist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Emilie Stroh
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ralf Rittner
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Mårten Spanne
- Environmental Department of the City of Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dept. Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Zhao N, Qiu J, Ma S, Zhang Y, Lin X, Tang Z, Zhang H, Huang H, Ma N, Huang Y, Bell ML, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Effects of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutant PM10 on ultrasound-measured fetal growth. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1072-1081. [PMID: 29529195 PMCID: PMC6124630 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to ambient particulate matter and risk of abnormal fetal growth, and have reached inconclusive results. No study has been conducted in areas with very high air pollution levels. We investigated the hypothesis that exposure to high levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter no larger than 10 µm (PM10) during pregnancy increases the risk of abnormal fetal growth. Methods A birth cohort study was performed in Lanzhou, China, 2010-12, including 8877 pregnant women with 18 583 ultrasound measurements of four fetal growth parameters during pregnancy, including biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC). Mixed-effects modelling was used to examine the associations between PM10 exposure and risk of abnormal fetal growth. Results When average PM10 exposure from conception until the ultrasound examination exceeded 150 µg/m3, there were significant increases in standardized FL (β = 0.095, P = 0.0012) and HC (β = 0.090, P = 0.0078) measures. When average PM10 exposure was treated as continuous variable, we found a significant decrease in standardized BPD (β = -0.018, P = 0.0016) as per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10. After examining the associations by various exposure windows, positive associations between higher levels of PM10 and fetal overgrowth were consistently seen for HC measures. Conclusions Our study suggested that prenatal exposure to high levels of ambient PM10 increased the risk of abnormal fetal growth. The findings from our study have important public health implications and also call for future studies to explore the underlying mechanisms and post-natal consequences of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jie Qiu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Gansu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhongfeng Tang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Ecocardiography, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- Yale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Naidoo P, Naidoo RN, Ramkaran P, Muttoo S, Asharam K, Chuturgoon AA. Maternal miRNA-146a G/C rs2910164 variation, HIV/AIDS and nitrogen oxide pollution exposure collectively affects foetal growth. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:82-94. [PMID: 29896975 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118781902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS intensify inflammation during pregnancy and linked with adverse birth outcomes (ABOs). MicroRNA (miRNA)-146a plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation in the NF-κB pathway. The G/C rs2910164 dampens miRNA-146a activity and linked with inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated whether HIV/AIDS and NOx exposure throughout pregnancy further intensifies ABO in Black South African women genotyped for the rs2910164. METHODS: Pregnant women ( n = 300) were subdivided into low, medium and high NOx exposure groups, genotyped for the miRNA-146a G/C rs2910164 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and further stratified based on HIV status. RESULTS: Unstratified data (HIV+ and HIV- mothers combined): Mothers from the high NOx group with the variant C-allele had low blood iron levels ( p = 0.0238), and had babies with reduced birthweights ( p = 0.0283). As NOx increased, the prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight also increased in mothers with the variant C-allele versus wildtype G-allele. HIV-infected mothers: In all NOx exposure groups, mothers with the variant C-allele had higher systolic blood pressure (low: p = 0.0386, medium: p = 0.0367 and high: p = 0.0109) and had babies with lower Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration scores at 1 min (low: p = 0.0190, medium: p = 0.0301 and high: p = 0.0361). CONCLUSION: Maternal rs2910164 variant C-allele, NOx pollution and HIV/AIDS might collectively play a role in intensifying gestational hypertension and ABO.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Naidoo
- 1 Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - R N Naidoo
- 2 Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - P Ramkaran
- 1 Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - S Muttoo
- 2 Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - K Asharam
- 2 Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A A Chuturgoon
- 1 Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Lamichhane DK, Ryu J, Leem JH, Ha M, Hong YC, Park H, Kim Y, Jung DY, Lee JY, Kim HC, Ha EH. Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and ultrasound and birth measures of fetal growth: A prospective cohort study in Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:834-841. [PMID: 29734629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of air pollution on fetal growth based on ultrasound measures during pregnancy. More data is needed to evaluate the windows of special vulnerability. Our aim was to investigate the association of ambient air pollution during pregnancy with fetal and neonatal characteristics in a cohort of Korean women. Maternal exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter<10μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated using land-use regression models based on residential address. The biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated via ultrasonography, and birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), and head circumference at birth (BHC) were obtained from medical records. The multiple linear regression model was used to adjust for confounders, and the mixed-effect model was used to evaluate longitudinal effect. The negative effects for NO2 and PM10 were estimated; in the adjusted analyses the decreases of BPD were -0.26mm (95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.41 to -0.11, with a 10μg/m3 increase) in the second trimester for NO2, and -0.30mm (95% CI=-0.59 to -0.03, with a 10μg/m3 increase) in the third trimester for PM10. Both NO2 and PM10 levels (10μg/m3) during third trimester were inversely associated with BHC, and NO2 level was inversely associated with BL in all exposure windows. No significant associations for AC, FL, and EFW were observed. The longitudinal analyses showed inverse association of NO2 exposure with head and length growth (P<0.001). Our findings suggest that ambient air pollution is associated with impaired fetal head size from mid-gestation onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirga Kumar Lamichhane
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia Ryu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Young Jung
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Human Health Information, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Clemens T, Turner S, Dibben C. Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and fetal growth in North-East Scotland: A population-based study using routine ultrasound scans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 107:216-226. [PMID: 28753483 PMCID: PMC5571229 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal ambient air pollution exposure is associated with reduced birthweight. Few studies have examined the effect on growth in utero and none have examined the effect of exposure to particulates less than 2.5µm (PM2.5) and possible effect modification by smoking status. OBJECTIVES Examine the effect of maternal exposure to ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for in utero fetal growth, size at birth and effect modification by smoking status. METHODS Administratively acquired second and third trimester fetal measurements (bi-parietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference), birth outcomes (weight, crown heel length and occipito-frontal circumference) and maternal details were obtained from routine fetal ultrasound scans and maternity records (period 1994-2009). These were modelled against residential annual pollution concentrations (calendar year mean) adjusting for covariates and stratifying by smoking status. RESULTS In the whole sample (n=13,775 pregnancies), exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with reductions in measurements at birth and biparietal diameter from late second trimester onwards. Among mothers who did not smoke at all during pregnancy (n=11,075), associations between biparietal diameter and pollution exposure remained significant but were insignificant among those who did smoke (n=2700). Femur length and abdominal circumference were not significantly associated with pollution exposure. CONCLUSIONS Fetal growth is strongly associated with particulates exposure from later in second trimester onwards but the effect appears to be subsumed by smoking. Typical ambient exposures in this study were relatively low compared to other studies and given these results, it may be necessary to consider reducing recommended "safe" ambient air exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Clemens
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Steve Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Chris Dibben
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Naidoo P, Naidoo RN, Ramkaran P, Asharam K, Chuturgoon AA. The Tyr113His T/C rs1051740 and 'very slow' phenotype of the EPHX1 gene alters miR-26b-5p and miR-1207-5p expression in pregnancy. Gene 2017; 633:71-81. [PMID: 28789952 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental insults and microsomal epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Tyr113His T/C rs1051740 and His139Arg A/G rs2234922, aberrantly alters microRNA (miR) expression and are linked to low birthweights (LBW). OBJECTIVES To investigate the interplay between pollution, EPHX1 SNPs and miRs during pregnancy and associated LBW outcomes. METHODS South African pregnant women (n=241) were recruited in the MACE birth cohort study in Durban, a city with high levels of industry and traffic related pollutants. EPHX1 SNPs were genotyped using PCR-RFLP and grouped into their respective phenotypes, i.e. normal (N), slow (S), very slow (VS) and fast (F). EPHX1, miR-26b-5p, miR-193b-3p and miR-1207-5p expression were determined using quantitative PCR. RESULTS Mothers with the Tyr113His SNP had low iron levels [TT vs. TC+CC: mean difference (MD)=0.67g/dl; p=0.0167], LBW [TT vs. TC+CC: MD=189.30g; p=0.0067], and low EPHX1 expression; p<0.0001. miR-26b-5p and miR-1207-5p expression were significantly higher in the CC genotypes compared to TT+TC groups; p<0.0001. The opposite trend occurred for miR-193b-3p; p=0.0045. Mothers with the VS phenotype had low iron levels [N vs. VS and VS vs. F: MD=2.03 and -1.96g/dl; p=0.0021, respectively], decreased gestational age [VS vs. F: MD=-2.14weeks; p=0.0051, respectively], and LBW [N vs. VS, VS vs. F and S vs. VS: MD=1000, -940.30 and 968.80g; p<0.0001, respectively]; F phenotype had the highest EPHX1 expression [N vs. F, VS vs. F and S vs. F: MD=-1.067, -1.854 and -1.379; p=0.0002, respectively]; and N phenotype had low miR-26b-5p [N vs. VS: MD=-0.6100; p=0.0159] and miR-1207-5p [N vs. VS and VS vs. F: MD=-0.834 and 1.103; p=0.0007, respectively] expression. miR-193b-3p expression between phenotypes remained unchanged. CONCLUSION The Tyr113His T/C variant of rs1051740 and VS phenotype alters EPHX1, miR-26b-5p and miR-1207-5p expression, and contributes towards low blood iron levels and LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragalathan Naidoo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prithiksha Ramkaran
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kareshma Asharam
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Westergaard N, Gehring U, Slama R, Pedersen M. Ambient air pollution and low birth weight - are some women more vulnerable than others? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 104:146-154. [PMID: 28390661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ambient air pollution is controllable, and it is one of the greatest environmental threats to human health. Studies conducted worldwide have provided evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy enhances the risk of low birth weight at term (TLBW, <2500g among infants born ≥37 completed weeks of gestation), a maker of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and suggest that some subgroups of pregnant women who are smoking, of low or high body-mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status (SES) or asthma are more vulnerable towards the effect of ambient air pollution. The aim of this commentary is to review the published literature on the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW regarding increased vulnerability for the above-mentioned subgroups. RESULTS Although more than fifty epidemiological studies have examined the associations between ambient air pollution and TLBW to date, we only identified six studies that examined the potential effect modification of the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW by the above listed maternal risk factors. Two studies assessed effect modification caused by smoking on the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for TLBW associated with exposure to ambient air pollution were in one study higher among women who smoked during pregnancy, as compared to the OR of non-smoking women, while in the other study the association was in the opposite direction. The association of ambient air pollution and TLBW were higher among women characterized by extreme BMI (two studies) and low SES compared to non-obese women or women of higher SES (four studies), respectively. Only one study reported the estimated effects among asthmatic and non-asthmatic women and no statistically significant effect modification was evident for the risk of TLBW associated with ambient air pollution. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The current epidemiologic evidence is scarce, but suggests that pregnant women who are smoking, being underweight, overweight/obese or having lower SES are a vulnerable subpopulation when exposed to ambient air pollution, with and increased risk of having a child with TLBW. The limited evidence precludes for definitive conclusions and further studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Westergaard
- Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rémy Slama
- INSERM/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes Joint Research Center, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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