1
|
Wu X, Liu S, Wen L, Tan Y, Zeng H, Liang H, Weng X, Wu Y, Yao H, Fu Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Chen Q, Zeng Z, Fei Q, Wang R, Jing C. Association between phthalates and sleep problems in the U.S. adult females from NHANES 2011-2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1961-1976. [PMID: 36973994 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2196056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is little research on the relationship between phthalates exposure and sleep problems in adult females, with existing studies only assessing the association between exposure to individual phthalates with sleep problems. We aimed to analyse the relationship between phthalates and sleep problems in 1366 US females aged 20 years and older from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) by age stratification. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the fourth quartile of MECPP increased the risk of sleep problems in females aged 20-39 compared with the reference quartile (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.08). The WQS index was significantly associated with the sleep problems in females aged 20-39. In the BKMR, a positive overall trend between the mixture and sleep problems in females aged 20-39. In this study, we concluded that phthalates might increase the risk of sleep problems in females aged 20-39.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Health Department of Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Tan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanzhu Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Weng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huojie Yao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyin Fu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yexin Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zurui Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evangelinakis N, Geladari EV, Geladari CV, Kontogeorgi A, Papaioannou GK, Peppa M, Kalantaridou S. The influence of environmental factors on premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging. Maturitas 2024; 179:107871. [PMID: 37925867 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging are complex conditions that affect women's reproductive health and overall well-being. They are both characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility, and together affect about 1 in 100 women by the age of 40. This review explores the influence of environmental factors on the development and progression of premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging. When referring to environmental factors, we include a wide range of external agents and conditions, including chemicals, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle choices. Through a review of the literature, we attempt to highlight the link between environmental factors and ovarian health. We examine the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A and phthalates, on ovarian function and investigate the mechanisms by which these chemicals can disrupt hormone signaling pathways, leading to alterations in ovarian reserve, oocyte quality, and folliculogenesis. Moreover, we explore lifestyle factors like obesity, stress, smoking and alcohol in relation to their effects on ovarian aging. Epigenetic changes may play a crucial role in the prevalence of premature ovarian insufficiency. Understanding the impact of environmental factors on premature ovarian insufficiency and ovarian aging is very important in public and clinical health contexts. By identifying risk factors, healthcare providers can develop targeted and strategic prevention and intervention plans. Furthermore, this knowledge can promote reproductive health and minimize exposure to harmful environmental agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Evangelinakis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni V Geladari
- 3rd Internal Medicine Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Liver Outpatient Clinic, Ypsilantou 45-47, Athens 106 76, Greece
| | - Charalampia V Geladari
- Hellenic Society of Environmental and Climate Medicine, 92 Danaon Street, 13122 Ilion, Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Kontogeorgi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete, Andrea Kalokerinou 13, Giofirakia, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Melpomeni Peppa
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital 1 Rimini Street, 12462, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang W, Kannan K. Leaching of Phthalates from Medical Supplies and Their Implications for Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7675-7683. [PMID: 37154399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 72 single-use medical products, grouped into four categories, namely, creams/liquids (n = 8), medical devices (n = 46; 15 of 46 labeled "di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-free"), first aid products (n = 13), and intravenous (IV) infusion/irrigation fluids (n = 5), were collected from an intensive care unit in a hospital in New York State in 2015 and analyzed for the migration of 10 phthalates in ethanol/water (1:1) mixture for 1 h. The total phthalate concentration (Σphthalates) leached from medical products ranged from 0.04 to 54,600 μg. DEHP was the major phthalate found in 99% of the samples analyzed, with the highest amount leached from respiratory support devices (median: 6560 μg). DEHP was also found at notable concentrations in products labeled as "DEHP-free". Direct exposure to phthalates from the use of medical devices and first aid supplies and dermal intake from the use of creams/lotions were calculated. The highest DEHP exposure dose of 730 μg/kg bw/day was determined from the use of cannula for neonates. This is the first study to document the amount of phthalates leached from various medical supplies and associated exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zamora AN, Peterson KE, Goodrich JM, Téllez-Rojo MM, Song PXK, Meeker JD, Dolinoy DC, A Torres-Olascoaga L, Cantoral A, Jansen EC. Associations between exposure to phthalates, phenols, and parabens with objective and subjective measures of sleep health among Mexican women in midlife: a cross-sectional and retrospective analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65544-65557. [PMID: 37086320 PMCID: PMC10464830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may impact sleep during the menopausal transition by altering sex hormones. However, these studies are scarce among Latin American women. This investigation utilized cross-sectional and retrospective data from midlife women enrolled in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study to examine associations between exposure to EDCs (phthalates, phenols, and parabens) and sleep health measures. For cross-sectional analyses, single spot urine samples were collected between 2017-2019 from a pilot sample of women (N = 91) of midlife age to estimate the urinary concentration of individual phthalates, phenols, and parabens and to calculate the summary concentration of phthalate mixtures. Seven-day nightly sleep duration, midpoint, and fragmentation were obtained from wrist-actigraphy devices and estimated from the actigraphy data using a pruned dynamic programming algorithm. Self-reported poor sleep quality was assessed by one item from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We examined associations between urinary summary phthalate mixtures, phthalate metabolites, phenol, and paraben analytes with each sleep measure using linear or logistic (to compute odds of poor sleep quality only) regression models adjusted for specific gravity, age, and socioeconomic status. We ran similar regression models for retrospective analyses (N = 74), except that urine exposure biomarker data were collected in 2008 when women were 24-50 years old. At the 2017-2019 midlife visit, 38% reported poor sleep quality. Cross-sectionally, EDCs were associated with longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, and more fragmented sleep. For example, every 1-unit IQR increase in the phenol triclosan was associated with a 26.3 min per night (95% CI: 10.5, 42.2; P < 0.05) longer sleep duration and marginally associated with 0.2 decimal hours (95% CI: -0.4, 0.0; P < 0.10) earlier sleep midpoint; while every 1-unit IQR increase in the phthalate metabolite MEHP was associated with 1.1% higher sleep fragmentation (95% CI: 0.1, 2.1; P < 0.05). Retrospective study results generally mirrored cross-sectional results such that EDCs were linked to longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, and more fragmented sleep. EDCs were not significantly associated with odds of self-reported poor sleep quality. Results from cross-sectional and retrospective analyses revealed that higher exposure to EDCs was predictive of longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, and more fragmented sleep among midlife women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid N Zamora
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3863 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3863 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research On Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3863 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Libni A Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Research On Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3863 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhattacharyya M, Dhar R, Basu S, Das A, Reynolds DM, Dutta TK. Molecular evaluation of the metabolism of estrogenic di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in Mycolicibacterium sp. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:82. [PMID: 37101185 PMCID: PMC10134610 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely detected plasticizer and a priority pollutant of utmost concern for its adverse impact on humans, wildlife and the environment. To eliminate such toxic burden, biological processes are the most promising ways to combat rampant environmental insults under eco-friendly conditions. The present study investigated the biochemical and molecular assessment of the catabolic potential of Mycolicibacterium sp. strain MBM in the assimilation of estrogenic DEHP. RESULTS A detailed biochemical study revealed an initial hydrolytic pathway of degradation for DEHP followed by the assimilation of hydrolyzed phthalic acid and 2-ethylhexanol to TCA cycle intermediates. Besides the inducible nature of DEHP-catabolic enzymes, strain MBM can efficiently utilize various low- and high-molecular-weight phthalate diesters and can grow under moderately halotolerant conditions. Whole genome sequence analysis exhibited a genome size of 6.2 Mb with a GC content of 66.51% containing 6,878 coding sequences, including multiple genes, annotated as relevant to the catabolism of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Substantiating the annotated genes through transcriptome assessment followed by RT-qPCR analysis, the possible roles of upregulated genes/gene clusters in the metabolism of DEHP were revealed, reinforcing the biochemical pathway of degradation at the molecular level. CONCLUSIONS A detailed co-relation of biochemical, genomic, transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses highlights the PAE-degrading catabolic machineries in strain MBM. Further, due to functional attributes in the salinity range of both freshwater and seawater, strain MBM may find use as a suitable candidate in the bioremediation of PAEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Bhattacharyya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Avijit Das
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Darren M Reynolds
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, EN-80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zamora AN, Peterson KE, Téllez-Rojo MM, Song PXK, Meeker JD, Cantoral A, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Jansen EC. Urinary phthalates, phenols, and parabens in relation to sleep health markers among a cohort of Mexican adolescents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160651. [PMID: 36473659 PMCID: PMC9880990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging research has shed light on the potential impact of environmental toxicants on sleep health, however, it remains unclear if these associations exist during adolescence and whether associations differ by sex. This study aimed to examine associations between phthalates, parabens, and phenols on adolescent sleep health using cross-sectional data from 470 participants from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2015, spot urine samples were analyzed for exposure biomarkers of 14 phthalate metabolites, seven phenol, and four paraben analytes. Over seven consecutive days, sleep duration, midpoint, and fragmentation were assessed with wrist-actigraphy. We examined associations between summary phthalates, individual phthalate metabolites, and phenol and paraben analytes with mean weekday sleep duration, midpoint, and fragmentation using linear regression models adjusted for specific-gravity and sex, age, pubertal status, smoking and alcohol behavior, physical activity, and screen time. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 13.8 (2.1) years; 53.5 % were female. Σ Plastic - summary measure for toxicants from plastic sources - and Σ DEHP and its metabolites, were associated with longer sleep duration in the unstratified sample. To illustrate, every 1-unit log increase in Σ DEHP was associated with 7.7 min (95 % CI: 0.32, 15.1; p < 0.05) longer duration. Summary measures of toxicants from plastic sources, personal care products, anti-androgenic toxicants, and multiple individual phthalates, phenols, and parabens were associated with later midpoint. The midpoint associations were largely female-specific. There were no associations with sleep fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS Higher EDC exposure may be related to longer sleep duration and later sleep timing during adolescence, and associations may vary by toxicant and according to sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid N Zamora
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iizuka T, Yin P, Zuberi A, Kujawa S, Coon JS, Björvang RD, Damdimopoulou P, Pacyga DC, Strakovsky RS, Flaws JA, Bulun SE. Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate promotes uterine leiomyoma cell survival through tryptophan-kynurenine-AHR pathway activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208886119. [PMID: 36375056 PMCID: PMC9704719 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208886119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor in women and causes severe morbidity in 15 to 30% of reproductive-age women. Epidemiological studies consistently indicate a correlation between leiomyoma development and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemical phthalates, especially di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, among the most commonly encountered phthalate metabolites, we found the strongest association between the urine levels of mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), the principal DEHP metabolite, and the risk of uterine leiomyoma diagnosis (n = 712 patients). The treatment of primary leiomyoma and smooth muscle cells (n = 29) with various mixtures of phthalate metabolites, at concentrations equivalent to those detected in urine samples, significantly increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. MEHHP had the strongest effects on both cell viability and apoptosis. MEHHP increased cellular tryptophan and kynurenine levels strikingly and induced the expression of the tryptophan transporters SLC7A5 and SLC7A8, as well as, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine that is the endogenous ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). MEHHP stimulated nuclear localization of AHR and up-regulated the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, two prototype targets of AHR. siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of SLC7A5/SLC7A8, TDO2, or AHR abolished MEHHP-mediated effects on leiomyoma cell survival. These findings indicate that MEHHP promotes leiomyoma cell survival by activating the tryptophan-kynurenine-AHR pathway. This study pinpoints MEHHP exposure as a high-risk factor for leiomyoma growth, uncovers a mechanism by which exposure to environmental phthalate impacts leiomyoma pathogenesis, and may lead to the development of novel druggable targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iizuka
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Ping Yin
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Azna Zuberi
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Stacy Kujawa
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - John S. Coon
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610
| | - Richelle D. Björvang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana C. Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Rita S. Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champagne, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Serdar E. Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hou P, Dai W, Jin Y, Zhao F, Liu J, Liu H. Maternal exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) depresses lactation capacity in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155813. [PMID: 35550907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), mostly commonly used phthalate for the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC), has the potential to induce serious health risks in humans. However, the understanding of DEHP-induced lactation performance remains largely unknown. We sought to investigate the adverse effects of DEHP on lactation and examine the underlying mechanism linking DEHP exposure with the lactation alterations. We successfully adapted a maternal DEHP exposure model in female pregnant/lactating mice. Then we determined effects of DEHP exposure on food intake, body weight and milk production as well as the alterations in endocrine factors in lactating mice. The integrated metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses of the mammary gland were performed to measure the changed metabolites and genes related to DEHP exposure-induced lactation alterations. We observed the reduced food intake with elevated blood leptin and the decreased milk yield as well as the reduced levels of serum prolactin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin after exposed to DEHP. Furthermore, 208 metabolites and 3452 genes were separately identified as differentially expressed features associated with DEHP exposure. Integrated metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that DEHP caused lactation depression mainly through impairing energy generation, inducing stress responses along with the hypoactivation of inflammation, reducing the production of antioxidants, disrupting hormone homeostasis and repressing the synthesis of milk constituents (the lower glucose availability for lactose synthesis; the disruption of milk fat globule membrane for lipid droplet formation; the ribosomal dysfunction and disruption of post-modifications for milk protein synthesis). We demonstrated that DEHP disrupted several lactation-related hormone homeostasis and multiple processes like energy insufficiency, inflammation activation, oxidative stress aggravation and disturbance of milk production in the mammary gland of female lactating mice. Our results provide valuable information for the health risk of plastic additive (DEHP) on female lactation dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenting Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanshan Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding T, Yan W, Zhou T, Shen W, Wang T, Li M, Zhou S, Wu M, Dai J, Huang K, Zhang J, Chang J, Wang S. Endocrine disrupting chemicals impact on ovarian aging: Evidence from epidemiological and experimental evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119269. [PMID: 35405219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in daily life, but their harmful effects on the human body have not been fully explored. Recent studies have shown that EDCs exposure could lead to infertility, menstrual disorder and menopause, resulting in subsequent effects on female health. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify and summarize the impacts of EDCs on ovarian aging for explaining the etiology of ovarian aging and maintaining female reproductive health. Here in this review, we focused on the impacts of ten typical environmental contaminants on the progression of ovarian aging during adult exposure, including epidemiological data in humans and experimental models in rodents, with their clinical phenotypes and underlying mechanisms. We found that both persistent (polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and non-persistent (phthalates) EDCs exposure could increase an overall risk of ovarian aging, leading to the diminish of ovarian reserve, decline of fertility or fecundity, irregularity of the menstrual cycle and an earlier age at menopause, and/or premature ovarian insufficiency/failure in epidemiological studies. Among these, the loss of follicles can also be validated in experimental studies of some EDCs, such as BPA, phthalates, parabens and PCBs. The underlying mechanisms may involve the impaired ovarian follicular development by altering receptor-mediated pro-apoptotic pathways, inducing signal transduction and cell cycle arrest and epigenetic modification. However, there were inconsistent results in the impacts on fertility/fecundity, menstrual/estrous cycle and hormone changes response to different EDCs, and differences between human and animal studies. Our review summarizes the current state of knowledge on ovarian disrupters, highlights their risks to ovarian aging and identifies knowledge gaps in humans and animals. We therefore propose that females adopt healthy lifestyle changes to minimize their exposure to both persistent and non-persistent chemicals, that have the potential damage to their reproductive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Milu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kecheng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Wuhan, 430030, China; School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basso CG, de Araujo-Ramos AT, Martino-Andrade AJ. Exposure to phthalates and female reproductive health: a literature review. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 109:61-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Sun CC, Zhao S, Chu LL, Zhang SY, Li YL, Sun MF, Wang QN, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Gao L, Xu DX, Zhang SC, Xu T, Zhao LL. Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate disrupts placental growth in a dual blocking mode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126815. [PMID: 34396966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer. Maternal DEHP exposure inhibits cell proliferation and reduces placentas size, which associates with fetal growth restriction and adulthood diseases. However, the mechanism of placental cell proliferation inhibition by DEHP remains elusive. This study investigated the effect of DEHP on placental cell proliferation from cell cycle arrest. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo experiments, we investigated cell cycle arrest, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, genotoxic stress response, and micronuclei formation. Most DEHP metabolizes to mono (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and distributes to organs quickly, so MEHP and DEHP were used in cultured cell and animal experiments, respectively. Here, a double blocking mode for the proliferation inhibition of the placental cell was revealed. One is that the classical DSB repair pathways were suppressed, which arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The other is that DEHP stimulated an elevated level of progesterone, which blocked the cell cycle at metaphase by disrupting chromosome arrangement. These two sets of events facilitated micronuclei formation and resulted in cell proliferation inhibition. This findings provide a novel mechanistic understanding for DEHP to inhibit placental cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; Tongxiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ling-Luo Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shan-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mei-Fang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun D, Zhou L, Wang S, Liu T, Zhu J, Jia Y, Xu J, Chen H, Wang Q, Xu F, Zhang Y, Ye L. Effect of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in adolescent rat. Endocr J 2022; 69:217-224. [PMID: 35228410 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0272r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is extensively used in many personal care and consumer products, which results in widespread human exposure. Limited studies have suggested that exposure to DEHP may affect thyroid function, but little is known about the effect and mechanisms of DEHP exposure on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA). The present study was conducted to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying DEHP disrupting the function of the HPTA. DEHP was administered to Wistar rats by gavage at 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/day for consecutive 28 days and then the rats were sacrificed within 24 h following the last dose. The hormone levels of HPTA were quantified with radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the protein levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of TRHR and TSHR mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The low dose of DEHP increased the body weights of rats. Serum levels of T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 as well as protein and mRNA levels of TSHR decreased in rats treated with 50 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg DEHP compared with those of controls. Although the protein levels of TRH in the hypothalamus or protein and mRNA levels of TRHR in pituitary were up-regulated, serum levels of TSH did not change statistically in rats treated with DEHP. Therefore, DEHP can produce thyroid toxicity and may interfere with the secretion of pituitary TSH. In conclusion, DEHP could interfere with the balance of HPTA of adolescent rats, and disturb the homeostasis of thyroid related hormones and the expression levels of receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaiji Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Panagiotou EM, Ojasalo V, Damdimopoulou P. Phthalates, ovarian function and fertility in adulthood. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101552. [PMID: 34238683 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are a family of high-production volume industrial chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics. Some phthalates are regulated as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and reproductive toxicants based on adverse effects in the male. Potential effects in females are less understood although exposure levels can be higher in women compared to men. Here, we review the literature on the effects of phthalate exposures in adulthood on ovarian function and fertility in women. Experimental studies using cell cultures and rodents combined with human evidence from epidemiological studies suggest that phthalates pose a hazard to ovaries. Phthalates can disrupt follicle growth pattern, increase oxidative stress and cause follicle death. These effects could lead to infertility, faster depletion of ovarian reserve, and earlier reproductive senescence. However, more studies using more realistic exposure levels will be needed to properly assess the risks in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria M Panagiotou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Venla Ojasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen L, Ye A, Liu X, Lu J, Xie Q, Guo Y, Sun W. Combined effect of co-exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalates and 50-Hz magnetic-fields on promoting human amniotic cells proliferation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112704. [PMID: 34455183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exist far and wide in our surroundings. Studies have reported that both of DEHP and ELF-EMFs could promote cell proliferation which is related with adverse bioeffects. In this study, we investigated whether there is the combined effect between DEHP and 50-Hz magnetic fields (MFs) on cell proliferation in human amniotic (FL) cells. Results revealed that the low-concentration DEHP (1 μM) could promote FL cell proliferation, whereas the high-dose DEHP (100 μM) inhibited cell proliferation. When FL cells were treated jointly by a 50-Hz, 0.2-mT MF and 0.1 μM DEHP, the proliferation rate of cells was significantly higher than that of single factor exposure. Additionally, co-exposure to under-threshold MF and DEHP could cooperatively activate protein kinase B (Akt), sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in a cascade manner, and finally mediate cell proliferation. Taken together, the findings of this study indicated that the co-exposure to under-threshold MF and DEHP could jointly promote cell proliferation through activating proliferation-related signal pathway, which warned us that it should be cautious about assessing the underlying health hazards of co-exposure to MFs and DEHP at under-threshold levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anfang Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingchun Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qixin Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ovarian Toxicity and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Phthalates and Their Metabolites. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:236-249. [PMID: 33877540 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovary plays an important role in the female reproductive system. The maintenance and regulation of ovarian function are affected by various physical and chemical factors. With the development of industrialization, environmental pollutants have caused great harm to public health. Phthalates, as a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are synthesized and used in large quantities as plasticizers due to their chemical properties. They are easily released into environment because of their noncovalent interactions with substances, causing human exposure and possibly impairing ovary. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the role of epigenetics in the occurrence and development of diseases. And it is urgent to study the role of methylation, gene imprinting, miRNA, and other epigenetic mechanisms in reproductive toxicology.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chou Y, Tzeng C. The impact of phthalate on reproductive function in women with endometriosis. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:159-168. [PMID: 33850448 PMCID: PMC8022091 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition in which stromal or glandular epithelium is implanted in extrauterine locations. Endometriosis causes detrimental effects on the granulosa cells, and phthalate interferes with the biological and reproductive function of endometrial cells at a molecular level. METHODS This article retrospectively reviewed the studies on phthalate exposure and its relationship with endometriosis. A literature search was performed for scientific articles using the keywords "phthalate and endometriosis," "endometriosis and granulosa cells," "phthalate and granulosa cells," and "phthalates and endometrial cells." RESULTS Endometriosis can affect cytokine production, steroidogenesis, cell cycle progression, expression of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α)/progesterone receptor (PR), and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress, senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress in the granulosa cells. Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) alters the expression of cytokines, cell cycle-associated genes, ovarian stimulation, steroidogenesis, and progesterone production. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that phthalate caused inflammation, invasion, change in cytokines, increased oxidative stress, viability, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and proliferation of endometrial cells. CONCLUSION This might provide new insights about the impact of phthalate on the pathogenesis of endometriosis and its consequences on the ovarian function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ching Chou
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyCollege of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio‐devices (IDSB)National Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Chii‐Ruey Tzeng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taipei Fertility Center, TaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sirohi D, Al Ramadhani R, Knibbs LD. Environmental exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their role in endometriosis: a systematic literature review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:101-115. [PMID: 32903210 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine-related diseases and disorders are on the rise globally. Synthetically produced environmental chemicals (endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)) mimic hormones like oestrogen and alter signalling pathways. Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent condition, affecting 10-15% of women of the reproductive age, and has substantial impacts on the quality of life. The aetiology of endometriosis is believed to be multifactorial, ranging from genetic causes to immunologic dysfunction due to environmental exposure to EDCs. Hence, we undertook a systematic review and investigated the epidemiological evidence for an association between EDCs and the development of endometriosis. We also aimed to assess studies on the relationship between body concentration of EDCs and the severity of endometriosis. METHOD Following PRISMA guidelines, a structured search of PubMed, Embase and Scopus was conducted (to July 2018). The included studies analysed the association between one or more EDCs and the prevalence of endometriosis. The types of EDCs, association and outcome, participant characteristics and confounding variables were extracted and analysed. Quality assessment was performed using standard criteria. RESULTS In total, 29 studies were included. Phthalate esters were positively associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. The majority (71%) of studies revealed a significant association between bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants (dioxins, dioxin-like compounds, organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls) and the prevalence of endometriosis. A positive association between copper, chromium and prevalence of endometriosis was demonstrated in one study only. Cadmium, lead and mercury were not associated with the prevalence of endometriosis. There were conflicting results for the association between nickel and endometriosis. The relationship of EDCs and severity of endometriosis was not established in the studies. CONCLUSION We found some evidence to suggest an association between phthalate esters, bisphenol A, organochlorinated environmental pollutants and the prevalence of endometriosis. Disentangling these exposures from various other factors that affect endometriosis is complex, but an important topic for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sirohi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ruqaiya Al Ramadhani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu Z, Wang F, Han J, Lu R, Li Q, Cai L, Li B, Chen J, Wang K, Lin W, Lin Q, Chen G, Wen J. Opposite effects of high- and low-dose di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure on puberty onset, oestrous cycle regularity and hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in female rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:610-618. [PMID: 32209209 DOI: 10.1071/rd19024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitous in the environment and has been proposed to lead to reproductive disruption. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of different doses of DEHP exposure on female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis development. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with vehicle (corn oil) or DEHP (5 or 500mgkg-1 day-1) during postnatal Days (PNDs) 22-28 or PNDs 22-70. Results demonstrated that the low and high doses of DEHP exerted opposite effects on puberty onset, circulating luteinising hormone, serum oestradiol and progesterone levels, with the low dose (5mgkg-1) promoting and the high dose (500mgkg-1) inhibiting these parameters. Significant dose-related differences were also found in the D500 group with longer oestrous cycle duration, lower ovarian/bodyweight ratio, fewer corpus lutea and more abnormal ovarian stromal tissue in comparison with the oil or D5 groups. Molecular data showed that the hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression in the anteroventral periventricular but not in the arcuate nucleus significantly decreased in the D500 rats and increased in the D5 rats relative to the rats in the oil group. These findings suggested that the kisspeptin system is a potential target for DEHP to disrupt reproductive development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Junyong Han
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Rongmei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Liangchun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Bishuang Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jinyan Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Wenjin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Qinghua Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China; and Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; and Corresponding authors: Emails: ;
| | - Junping Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; and Corresponding authors: Emails: ;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adam N, Brusamonti L, Mhaouty-Kodja S. Exposure of Adult Female Mice to Low Doses of di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Alone or in an Environmental Phthalate Mixture: Evaluation of Reproductive Behavior and Underlying Neural Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:17008. [PMID: 33502250 PMCID: PMC7839353 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that adult male mice exposure to low doses of an ubiquitous endocrine disruptor, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), alters courtship behavior. OBJECTIVE The effects of adult exposure to low doses of DEHP alone or in an environmental phthalate mixture on estrous cyclicity, reproductive behavior, and underlying neural structures were analyzed in female mice. METHODS Two-month-old C57BL/6J females were exposed orally for 6 wk to DEHP alone (0, 5 or 50μg/kg/d) or to DEHP (5μg/kg/d) in a phthalate mixture. Estrous cyclicity was analyzed in intact mice, and behavior [lordosis, olfactory preference, partner preference, ability to stimulate male ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs)] was measured in ovariectomized mice primed with estradiol and progesterone. Immunohistochemical studies were conducted in the neural structures involved in behavior for estrogen receptor (ER) α and progesterone receptor (PR). RESULTS Exposure to DEHP alone or in mixture lengthened the estrous cycle duration, with a shorter proestrus and longer estrus and metestrus stages. Under normalized hormonal levels, females exposed to DEHP alone or in mixture exhibited altered olfactory preference. A lower lordosis behavior and ability to attract and stimulate male emission of courtship USVs was observed, probably due to modifications of pheromonal emission in exposed females. The behavioral alterations were associated with a lower number of PR-expressing neurons, without changes in ERα, in the neural circuitry underlying sexual behavior. The majority of effects observed was comparable between the two DEHP doses and were driven by DEHP in the mixture. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to environmental doses of DEHP alone or in mixture altered several components of female sexual behavior in mice, probably through selective disruption of neural PR signaling. Together with the previously reported vulnerability of male mice, this finding suggests a major impact of exposure to phthalates on sexual reproduction, including in other species with similar neural regulatory processes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7662.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Adam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm); Neuroscience Paris Seine — Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Linda Brusamonti
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm); Neuroscience Paris Seine — Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm); Neuroscience Paris Seine — Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
DeWitt NA, Whirledge S, Kallen AN. Updates on molecular and environmental determinants of luteal progesterone production. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110930. [PMID: 32610113 PMCID: PMC7484338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone, a critical hormone in reproduction, is a key sex steroid in the establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy and serves as an intermediary for synthesis of other steroid hormones. Progesterone production from the corpus luteum is a tightly regulated process which is stimulated and maintained by multiple factors, both systemic and local. Multiple regulatory systems, including classic mediators of gonadotropin stimulation such as the cAMP/PKA pathway and TGFβ-mediated signaling pathways, as well as local production of hormonal factors, exist to promote granulosa cell function and physiological fine-tuning of progesterone levels. In this manuscript, we provide an updated narrative review of the known mediators of human luteal progesterone and highlight new observations regarding this important process, focusing on studies published within the last five years. We will also review recent evidence suggesting that this complex system of progesterone production is sensitive to disruption by exogenous environmental chemicals that can mimic or interfere with the activities of endogenous hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A DeWitt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amanda N Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kabakci R, Yigit AA. Effects of bisphenol A, diethylhexyl phthalate and pentabrominated diphenyl ether 99 on steroid synthesis in cultured bovine luteal cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:683-690. [PMID: 32125030 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and pentabrominated diphenyl ether 99 (PBDE 99) are environmental toxicants belonging to the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). They exert adverse effects on the various physiological systems, especially the reproductive system of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA, DEHP and PBDE 99 on progesterone (P4) synthesis in cultured bovine luteal cells. The bovine luteal cells isolated from the mid-luteal corpora lutea were exposed to different concentrations of BPA (1, 3, 10 and 30 µM), DEHP (1, 3, 10 and 30 µM) and PBDE 99 (0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 µM) in a serum-free culture media for 48 and 96 hr. At 48 hr, the P4 level in the luteal cells decreased after treatment with all concentrations of BPA; 3, 10 and 30 µM of DEHP; and 3 µM of PBDE 99 compared to the control (p < .05). Treatment of cells with 3-30 µM of BPA, 1-30 µM of DEHP and 1-3 µM of PBDE 99 for 96 hr resulted in reduction in P4 synthesis (p < .05). However, lower concentrations of PBDE 99 (0.1 and 0.3 µM) increased P4 levels at 48 and 96 hr. Synthesis of P4 was lower at 96 hr compared to the 48 hr in the groups treated with BPA (30 µM), DEHP (1-30 µM), PBDE 99 (0.3-3 µM) and control group. Our results showed that BPA, DEHP and PBDE 99 are able to alter luteal steroidogenesis in bovine cells and can disrupt hormonal balance in the ovary. However, it is necessary to evaluate the exact mechanism underlying these effects in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Kabakci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - A Arzu Yigit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chiang C, Lewis LR, Borkowski G, Flaws JA. Late-life consequences of short-term exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and diisononyl phthalate during adulthood in female mice. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 93:28-42. [PMID: 31904422 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a known endocrine disruptor and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) is a common DEHP replacement chemical. However, little is known about late-life consequences due to DEHP or DiNP exposure during adulthood. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that adult exposure to DEHP or DiNP affects female reproductive parameters during late-life in female mice. Female CD-1 mice (age 39-40 days) were dosed with either vehicle control, DEHP (20 μg/kg/day-200 mg/kg/day), or DiNP (20 μg/kg/day-200 mg/kg/day) for 10 days and breeding trials were conducted at 12 and 15 months post-dosing. Further, ovaries and sera were collected at 12, 15, and 18 months post-dosing. DEHP and DiNP disrupted estrous cyclicity, increased pregnancy loss, decreased fertility, altered the sex ratio of pups, altered ovarian follicle populations, and disrupted hormone levels. Collectively, these data show that short-term exposure to DEHP or DiNP during adulthood has long-term consequences in late-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catheryne Chiang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Lily R Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Grace Borkowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin Y, Zhang Q, Pan JX, Wang FF, Qu F. The effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:6278-6293. [PMID: 31709857 PMCID: PMC7045688 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519876467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common endocrine-disrupting chemical,
which has potential reproductive toxicity. This study aimed to explore the
effects of DEHP exposure in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
undergoing in vitro fertilization. Methods In this case-control study, DEHP levels in follicular fluid (FF) of women
with PCOS (n = 56) and controls (n = 51) were measured. The in
vitro effects of DEHP exposure on primary-cultured human
granulosa cells (GCs) and a steroidogenic human granulosa-like tumor cell
line (KGN cells) were analyzed. Results Concentrations of DEHP in FF were significantly higher in women with PCOS
than in controls. The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly lower in
women with PCOS with high levels of DEHP than in controls. The levels of
androgens produced by human GCs were significantly increased following DEHP
exposure. Compared with controls, DEHP-treated human GCs and KGN cells
showed significantly lower viability, cell cycle arrest, higher apoptosis,
and altered expression of apoptosis-related genes. Conclusion Women with PCOS are exposed to increased levels of DEHP in follicles, which
may be associated with pregnancy loss following in vitro
fertilization. DEHP may disrupt steroid production, balance in cellular
proliferation, and apoptosis in human granulosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Xue Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Multispecies study: low-dose tributyltin impairs ovarian theca cell cholesterol homeostasis through the RXR pathway in five mammalian species including humans. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1665-1677. [PMID: 31006824 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), an organotin chemical used as a catalyst and biocide, can stimulate cholesterol efflux in non-steroidogenic cells. Since cholesterol is the first limiting step for sex hormone production, we hypothesized that TBT disrupts intracellular cholesterol transport and impairs steroidogenesis in ovarian theca cells. We investigated TBT's effect on cholesterol trafficking, luteinization, and steroidogenesis in theca cells of five species (human, sheep, cow, pig, and mice). Primary theca cells were exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of TBT (1 or 10 ng/ml) and/or retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist. The expression of RXRα in sheep theca cells was knocked down using shRNA. Steroidogenic enzymes, cholesterol transport factors, and nuclear receptors were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, and intracellular cholesterol, progesterone, and testosterone secretion by ELISA. TBT upregulated StAR and ABCA1 in ovine cells, and SREBF1 mRNA in theca cells. TBT also reduced intracellular cholesterol and upregulated ABCA1 protein expression but did not alter testosterone or progesterone production. RXR antagonist and RXRα knockdown demonstrates that TBT's effect is partially through RXR. TBT's effect on ABCA1 and StAR expression was recapitulated in all five species. TBT, at an environmentally relevant dose, stimulates theca cell cholesterol extracellular efflux via the RXR pathway, triggers a compensatory upregulation of StAR that regulates cholesterol transfer into the mitochondria and SREBF1 for de novo cholesterol synthesis. Similar results were obtained in all five species evaluated (human, sheep, cow, pig, and mice) and are supportive of TBT's conserved mechanism of action across mammalian species.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mei Y, Rongshuang M, Ruizhi Z, Hongyuan H, Qiyue T, Shuhua Z. Effects of Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) on Serum Sex Hormone Levels and Apoptosis in C57 Female Mice. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 17:e82882. [PMID: 31372171 PMCID: PMC6628229 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.82882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on the reproductive system of mammal females are unclear because no studies have been conducted on this topic. METHODS In this study, 40 C57 female mice were used as experimental subjects and evenly divided into 8 groups, which were fed with mixed DMP (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg bw/day) and corn oil. After 20 days and 40 days of gavage, the mice were weighed and their individual ovary organ coefficients measured. RESULTS Changes were discovered on progesterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in mouse serum, and on the apoptosis rate of ovarian granulosa cells. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged exposure to DMP led to decreased secretion of FSH hormones and increased secretion of E2 and LH hormones. Furthermore, DMP interfered with the pituitary-ovary axis and increased the apoptosis rate of ovarian granulosa cells. Therefore, prolonged exposure to DMP is likely to have negative effects on reproduction and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Mei
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, China
| | - Ma Rongshuang
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Ruizhi
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, China
| | - Huang Hongyuan
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, China
| | - Tan Qiyue
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao Shuhua
- Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, China
- Corresponding Author: Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, China. Tel: +86-13596077054,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Du Y, Guo N, Wang Y, Teng X, Hua X, Deng T, Yao Y, Yuan X, Li Y. Follicular fluid concentrations of phthalate metabolites are associated with altered intrafollicular reproductive hormones in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:953-961. [PMID: 30879714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether follicular fluid (FF) concentrations of phthalate metabolites are associated with levels of intrafollicular reproductive hormones in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University-affiliated reproductive medicine center. PATIENT(S) A total of 194 women each contributed one FF sample at oocyte retrieval. INTERVENTION(S) FF aspirates from individual follicles (≥18 mm in diameter) were collected. We measured eight phthalate metabolites and four ovarian hormones in the FF samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Per-follicle E2, P, total T, and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations. RESULT(S) Most phthalate metabolites were highly detected in FF samples. We observed a dose-response relationship between increasing monomethyl phthalate (MMP) tertiles and lower E2, P, and T levels. Women in the third tertile of MMP had decreases of 34.23%, 9.44 ng/L, and 23.28% in E2, P, and T, respectively, compared with women in the first tertile. Tertiles of monoethyl phthalate and the percentage of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) metabolites excreted as mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were inversely associated with P. We also identified a negative relationship between monobenzyl phthalate tertiles and AMH. In addition, positive correlations between some of the phthalate metabolites and ovarian hormones were detected. CONCLUSION(S) FF concentrations of certain phthalate metabolites were associated with altered levels of intrafollicular reproductive hormones, which raises concern over a potential deleterious effect of environmental phthalate exposure on the endocrine capacity and viability of theca and granulosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Hua
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangcheng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Talukder M, Han Y, Zhang C, Li XN, Li JL. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced hepatotoxicity in quail (Coturnix japonica) via modulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and NRF2 mediated antioxidant defense. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:885-894. [PMID: 30257229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among ubiquitously found environmental contaminants in the ecosystem, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an important environmental contaminant used as plasticizer in medical and consumer goods. The bioaccumulation and environmental persistence of DEHP cause serious global health effects in wildlife animals and human, especially hepatotoxicity. Herein, to explore the mechanisms of DEHP induced hepatotoxicity, quail were exposed with 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW/day DEHP by gavage administration daily for 45 days. Notably, the adipose tissue degeneration was observed in the liver of DEHP-exposed quail under the histopathological analysis. DEHP exposure increased the peroxidation product (MDA), GSH and GST, but decreased antioxidant function (T-AOC, SOD and GPX). DEHP induced the oxidative stress and pulsed on NRF2 signal pathway through activating downstream genes. Furthermore, DEHP induced mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) was activated to relieve mitochondrial dysfunctions and mitigated oxidative stress. These findings showed that mitochondrial functions and redox homeostasis were affected by DEHP and resulted in irreversible hepatic injury. In Conclusion, this study suggested that DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity in quail was associated with activating the NRF2 mediated antioxidant defense and mtUPR. These results provided new evidence on molecular mechanism of DEHP induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Yu Han
- Department of gastrointestinal oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi YQ, Fu GQ, Zhao J, Cheng SZ, Li Y, Yi LN, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang ZB, Dai J, Zhang DY. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate induces reproductive toxicity via JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress in pubertal male rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:228-238. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718824911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical and reproductive toxicant. Although previous studies have attempted to describe the mechanism by which DEHP exposure results in reproductive dysfunction, few studies focused on puberty, a critical period of reproductive development, and the increased susceptibility to injury in adolescents. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning the testicular effects of DEHP in puberty, we sought to investigate the JAZF1/TR4 pathway in the testes of pubertal rats. Specifically, we focused on the role of the JAZF1/TR4 pathway in male reproduction, including the genes JAZF1, TR4, Sperm 1, and Cyclin A1. In the present study, rats were exposed to increasing concentrations of DEHP (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day) by oral gavages for 30 days. Then we assayed testicular zinc and oxidative stress levels. Our results indicated that DEHP exposure could lead to oxidative stress and decrease the contents of testicular zinc. Additionally, significant morphological changes and cell apoptosis were observed in testes exposed to DEHP, as identified by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick and labeling assay. By measuring the expression levels of the above relevant genes by qPCR, we found the DEHP-induced increased expression of JAZF1 and decreased expression of TR4, Sperm 1, and Cyclin A1. Therefore, we have demonstrated that in vivo exposure to DEHP might induce reproductive toxicity in pubertal male rats through the JAZF1/TR4 pathway and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Shi
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qing Fu
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen-Zhou Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Li
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Na Yi
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Dai
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Yi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Araki A, Itoh S, Miyashita C, Minatoya M, Kishi R. [Environmental Chemical Exposure and Its Effects on Infants' Reproductive Hormones]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:313-321. [PMID: 30270299 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the birthrate has been continuously declining in Japan. The main causes of the decline are social factors. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that many environmental chemicals show endocrine disrupting properties. Thus, we hypothesized that exposure to these chemicals would also be a causal for the fertility crisis. In this review, we examined current evidence that focused on environmental chemical exposure in utero and its association with reproductive hormones in children. We have included the findings from a prospective birth cohorts, the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health Sapporo cohort. According to the literature, environmental chemical levels in utero, such as polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxins, perfluorinated chemical substances, phthalates, and bisphenol A were somewhat associated with the levels of reproductive hormones, such as testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, inhibin B, and insulin-like factor-3 in cord blood, in early childhood and adolescence. The literature also suggests the association between exposure to these chemicals and brain-sexual differentiation or the anogenital distance, which suggests the disruption of androgen shower during the developmental stage in the fetal period. There are still knowledge gaps on whether these hormones at an early stage affect the pubertal development and reproductive functions in later life. In addition, alternative chemicals are produced after banning one type. The health effects of alternative chemicals should be evaluated. Effects of exposure to a mixture of the chemicals should also be examined in future studies. In conclusion, the prevention of environmental chemical hazards in relation to human reproductive function is important. It would be one of the countermeasures to the falling birthrate caused by fertility issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences
| | | | - Machiko Minatoya
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kishi R, Araki A, Miyashita C, Itoh S, Minatoya M, Kobayashi S, Yamazaki K, Ait Bamai Y, Miura R, Tamura N. [Importance of Two Birth Cohorts (n=20,926 and n=514): 15 Years' Experience of the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health: Malformation, Development and Allergy]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:164-177. [PMID: 29848869 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since "Our Stolen Future" by Theo Colborn was published in 1996, global interest on the impact of chemical substances, such as the endocrine-disrupting action of chemicals, has increased. In Japan, "The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health: Malformation, Development and Allergy" was launched in 2001. It was a model of Japan Environment and Children's Study of the Ministry of the Environment. In a large-scale, Hokkaido cohort, we obtained the consent of 20,926 mothers at the organogenesis stage with the cooperation of 37 obstetrics clinics in Hokkaido. We tracked the effects of endocrine disruptors on developmental disorders. In a small-scale Sapporo cohort, we observed in detail the neuropsychiatric development of children with the consent of 514 mothers in their late pregnancy. We examined how prenatal exposure to low concentrations of environmental chemicals affect the development of organs and the postnatal development of children. Maternal exposure to POPs, such as PCB/dioxins and perfluorinated alkyl substances, has affected not only children's birth size, thyroid functions, and sex hormone levels, but also postnatal neurodevelopment, infection, and allergy among others. The associations of short-half-life substances, such as DEHP and BPA, with obesity, ASD, and ADHD have been investigated. Gene-environment interactions have been found for smoking, caffeine, folic acid, and PCB/dioxin. In 2015, our center was officially designated as the WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards, and we continue to the contribute to the global perspectives of child health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Machiko Minatoya
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Ryu Miura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| | - Naomi Tamura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical Hazards
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun D, Zhou L, Wang S, Liu T, Zhu J, Jia Y, Xu J, Chen H, Wang Q, Xu F, Zhang Y, Ye L. Correction and Republication: Effect of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in adolescent rat. Endocr J 2018; 65:261-268. [PMID: 29225205 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is extensively used in many personal care and consumer products, which has resulted in widespread human exposure. Limited studies have suggested that exposure to DEHP may affect thyroid function, but little is known about the effect and mechanisms of DEHP exposure on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA). The present study was conducted to elucidate the potential mechanisms in which DEHP disrupts the function of the HPTA. Wistar rats were administered DEHP by gavage at 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/day for 28 days and then sacrificed within 24 h following the last dose. Hormones of HPTA was quantified with radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, protein levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, expression levels of TRHR and TSHR mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Rats treated with DEHP resulted in increased bodyweight, on the HPTA, down-regulated the protein levels of TRH in the hypothalamus, up-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of TRHR in the pituitary, down-regulated mRNA expression of TSHR in the thyroid, while the difference of TSH in various dose groups was not statistically significant and T3, T4, FT3, FT4 levels in serum were decreased compared with control. DEHP could interfere with the balance of HPTA of adolescent rats, and increase the body weight, down-regulate the homeostasis of thyroid related hormones and receptors expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaiji Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu J, Zhou L, Wang S, Zhu J, Liu T, Jia Y, Sun D, Chen H, Wang Q, Xu F, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang T, Ye L. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate induces glucose metabolic disorder in adolescent rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3596-3607. [PMID: 29164460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is widely added in various commercial products. Some researchers had suggested that DEHP has adverse effects on the glucose metabolism, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Adolescent Wistar rats were divided into four groups and administered DEHP by gavage at 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg kg-1 d-1 for 28 days. ELISA was used to quantify the serum insulin and leptin levels; RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), leptin receptor (Ob-R), and insulin receptor (IR) in liver and pancreas In comparison to the control group, the DEHP-treated rats showed the following: (1) higher organ coefficient of liver; (2) higher fasting blood glucose levels, higher fasting serum insulin and leptin levels, higher insulin resistance index homeostasis model assessment; (3) lower protein levels of Ob-R and IR in the liver and pancreas; (4) higher protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the liver; and (5) higher protein and mRNA levels of SOCS3 in the liver and pancreas. Exposure to DEHP induced glucose metabolic disorder in the adolescent rats, and the mechanism is that DEHP may interfere with the JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway, regulated the sensitivity of the insulin receptor and leptin receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Te Liu
- Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huaiji Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tianrong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Brehm E, Rattan S, Gao L, Flaws JA. Prenatal Exposure to Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Causes Long-Term Transgenerational Effects on Female Reproduction in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:795-809. [PMID: 29228129 PMCID: PMC5774227 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer in many consumer products. Although DEHP is a known endocrine disruptor, little is known about the effects of DEHP exposure on female reproduction. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that prenatal DEHP exposure affects follicle numbers, estrous cyclicity, and hormone levels in multiple generations of mice. Pregnant CD-1 mice were orally dosed with corn oil (vehicle control) or DEHP (20 and 200 µg/kg/d and 500 and 750 mg/kg/d) from gestational day 11 until birth. The F1 females were mated with untreated males to create the F2 generation, and the F2 females were mated with untreated males to create the F3 generation. At 1 year, ovaries, hormones, and estrous cycles were analyzed in each generation. Prenatal DEHP exposure altered estrous cyclicity (750 mg/kg/d), increased the presence of ovarian cysts (750 mg/kg/d), and decreased total follicle numbers (750 mg/kg/d) in the F1 generation. It also decreased anogenital distance (200 µg/kg/d) and altered follicle numbers (200 µg/kg/d and 500 mg/kg/d) in the F2 generation, and it altered estrous cyclicity (20 and 200 µg/kg/d and 500 and 750 mg/kg/d) and decreased folliculogenesis (200 µg/kg/d and 500 mg/kg/d) in the F3 generation. Further, prenatal DEHP increased estradiol levels (F1 and F3), decreased testosterone levels (F1, F2, and F3), decreased progesterone levels (F2), altered gonadotropin hormone levels (F1 and F3), and decreased inhibin B levels (F1 and F3). Collectively, these data show that prenatal exposure to DEHP has multigenerational and transgenerational effects on female reproduction and it may accelerate reproductive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brehm
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802
| | - Saniya Rattan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Douching was recently reported to be associated with elevated levels of urinary metabolites of endocrine disrupting phthalates, but there is no literature on douching in relation to ovarian cancer. Numerous case-control studies of genital talc use have reported an increased risk of ovarian cancer, but prospective cohort studies have not uniformly confirmed this association. Behavioral correlation between talc use and douching could produce confounding. METHODS The Sister Study (2003-2009) enrolled and followed 50,884 women in the US and Puerto Rico who had a sister diagnosed with breast cancer. At baseline, participants were asked about douching and talc use during the previous 12 months. During follow-up (median of 6.6 years), 154 participants reported a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. We computed adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ovarian cancer risk using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS There was little association between baseline perineal talc use and subsequent ovarian cancer (HR: 0.73, CI: 0.44, 1.2). Douching was more common among talc users (odds ratio: 2.1, CI: 2.0, 2.3), and douching at baseline was associated with increased subsequent risk of ovarian cancer (HR: 1.8, CI: 1.2, 2.8). CONCLUSIONS Douching but not talc use was associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer in the Sister Study.
Collapse
|
35
|
Li N, Liu T, Guo K, Zhu J, Yu G, Wang S, Ye L. Effect of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on proliferation of and steroid hormone synthesis in rat ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3629-3637. [PMID: 29034469 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; School of Public Health, Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
- Department of Disciplines and Research Management; The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; School of Public Health, Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; School of Public Health, Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; School of Public Health, Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Guangyan Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; School of Public Health, Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Emergency; China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Disciplines and Research Management; The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li K, Wang R, Duan R, Liu Y. THE POTENTIAL OF DIETHYLHEXYL-PHTHALATE AND GENISTEIN TO INDUCE TESTICULAR CHANGES IN RAT'S OFFSPRING. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2017; 13:417-424. [PMID: 31149210 PMCID: PMC6516560 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2017.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) alone or in combination with genistein (GEN) on the reproductive system of offspring rats, focus on the induction of reproductive outcomes. METHOD 180 Wistar rats were divided in 6 groups (30 animals per group): DEHP 250 mg/kg/day group, DEHP 1000 mg/kg/day group, DEHP 2500 mg/kg/day group treated with DEHP 2500 mg/kg/day, DEHP (2500 mg/kg) + GEN (50 mg/kg) group, DEHP (2500 mg/kg) + GEN (500 mg/kg) group and control group treated with the same quantity of corn oil. The differences in sperm quality and reproductive organs were observed. RESULTS After DEHP administration we observed an increase in rat's abestrus, metaestrus and all estrus cycle (P < 0.05), a decrease in rat testicle's organ coefficient and relative energy of testis Sertoli cells and an increase in the early, late and total apoptotic rate of testicular Sertoli cells in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). When combine DEHP with GEN the sperm density, sperm quality, the cell activity rate and testis tissue's changes will decrease compared with the group that receive only DEHP in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION DEHP exposure induces cryptorchidism in offspring rats and this is aggravated by adding GEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Department of Urology, Hebei, China
| | - R. Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Operation Room, Hebei, China
| | - R. Duan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Department of Physiology, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Y. Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Department of Physiology, Handan, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Vabre P, Gatimel N, Moreau J, Gayrard V, Picard-Hagen N, Parinaud J, Leandri RD. Environmental pollutants, a possible etiology for premature ovarian insufficiency: a narrative review of animal and human data. Environ Health 2017; 16:37. [PMID: 28388912 PMCID: PMC5384040 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because only 25% of cases of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) have a known etiology, the aim of this review was to summarize the associations and mechanisms of the impact of the environment on this pathology. Eligible studies were selected from an electronic literature search from the PUBMED database from January 2000 to February 2016 and associated references in published studies. Search terms included ovary, follicle, oocyte, endocrine disruptor, environmental exposure, occupational exposure, environmental contaminant, pesticide, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyl PCB, phenol, bisphenol, flame retardant, phthalate, dioxin, phytoestrogen, tobacco, smoke, cigarette, cosmetic, xenobiotic. The literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We have included the human and animal studies corresponding to the terms and published in English. We have excluded articles that included results that did not concern ovarian pathology and those focused on ovarian cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis or precocious puberty. We have also excluded genetic, auto-immune or iatrogenic causes from our analysis. Finally, we have excluded animal data that does not concern mammals and studies based on results from in vitro culture. Data have been grouped according to the studied pollutants in order to synthetize their impact on follicular development and follicular atresia and the molecular pathways involved. Ninety-seven studies appeared to be eligible and were included in the present study, even though few directly address POI. Phthalates, bisphenol A, pesticides and tobacco were the most reported substances having a negative impact on ovarian function with an increased follicular depletion leading to an earlier age of menopause onset. These effects were found when exposure occured at different times throughout the lifetime from the prenatal to the adult period, possibly due to different mechanisms. The main mechanism seemed to be an increase in atresia of pre-antral follicles. CONCLUSION Environmental pollutants are probably a cause of POI. Health officials and the general public must be aware of this environmental effect in order to implement individual and global preventive actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vabre
- Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gatimel
- Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine (EA 3694, Human Fertility Research Group), F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Jessika Moreau
- Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Gayrard
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1331, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1331, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Parinaud
- Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine (EA 3694, Human Fertility Research Group), F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Roger D. Leandri
- Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, 330 avenue de Grande Bretagne, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine (EA 3694, Human Fertility Research Group), F-31059 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fu G, Dai J, Zhang D, Zhu L, Tang X, Zhang L, Zhou T, Duan P, Quan C, Zhang Z, Song S, Shi Y. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in GC-2spd cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1055-1064. [PMID: 27416487 PMCID: PMC5673478 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer of synthetic polymers, is a well-known endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) and reproductive toxicant. Addressing the unclear mechanism of DEHP-induced reproductive dysfunction, this study used GC-2spd cells to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the DEHP-induced toxicity in the male reproductive system. The results indicated that the apoptotic cell death was significantly induced by DEHP exposure over 100 μM. Furthermore, DEHP treatment could induce oxidative stress in GC-2spd cells involving in the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (200 μM) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (50 and 100 μM). In addition, DEHP induction also caused the elevated ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, release of cytochrome c and decomposition of procaspase-3 and procaspase-9 in GC-2spd cells. Taken together, our work provided the evidence that DEHP exposure might induce apoptosis of GC-2spd cells via mitochondria pathway mediated by oxidative stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1055-1064, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Dai
- Department of Non-communicable chronic disease prevention and control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, 24 Jianghan N.Road, Wuhan, 430015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lishan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Quan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Shizhen Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sheikh IA, Abu-Elmagd M, Turki RF, Damanhouri GA, Beg MA, Al-Qahtani M. Endocrine disruption: In silico perspectives of interactions of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and its five major metabolites with progesterone receptor. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:16. [PMID: 27719669 PMCID: PMC5056466 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-016-0066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a common endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) present in the environment as a result of industrial activity and leaching from polyvinyl products. DEHP is used as a plasticizer in medical devices and many commercial and household items. Exposure occurs through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. DEHP is metabolized to a primary metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) in the body, which is further metabolized to four major secondary metabolites, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate (5-OH-MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxyhexyl)phthalate (5-oxo-MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl)phthalate (5-cx-MEPP) and mono[2-(carboxymethyl)hexyl]phthalate (2-cx-MMHP). DEHP and its metabolites are associated with developmental abnormalities and reproductive dysfunction within the human population. Progesterone receptor (PR) signaling is involved in important reproductive functions and is a potential target for endocrine disrupting activities of DEHP and its metabolites. This study used in silico approaches for structural binding analyses of DEHP and its five indicated major metabolites with PR. Methods Protein Data bank was searched to retrieve the crystal structure of human PR (Id: 1SQN). PubChem database was used to obtain the structures of DEHP and its five metabolites. Docking was performed using Glide (Schrodinger) Induced Fit Docking module. Results DEHP and its metabolites interacted with 19-25 residues of PR with the majority of the interacting residues overlapping (82-95 % commonality) with the native bound ligand norethindrone (NET). DEHP and each of its five metabolites formed a hydrogen bonding interaction with residue Gln-725 of PR. The binding affinity was highest for NET followed by DEHP, 5-OH-MEHP, 5-oxo-MEHP, MEHP, 5-cx-MEPP, and 2-cx-MMHP. Conclusion The high binding affinity of DEHP and its five major metabolites with PR as well as a high rate of overlap between PR interacting residues among DEHP and its metabolites and the native ligand, NET, suggested their disrupting potential in normal PR signaling, resulting in adverse reproductive effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq A Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola F Turki
- KACST Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd A Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen XH, Ma L, Hu YX, Wang DX, Fang L, Li XL, Zhao JC, Yu HR, Ying HZ, Yu CH. Transcriptome profiling and pathway analysis of hepatotoxicity induced by tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:62-71. [PMID: 26650799 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) is commonly used as an alternative plasticizer for medical devices. But very little information was available on its biological effects. In this study, we investigated toxicity effects of TOTM on hepatic differential gene expression analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing analysis for over-represented functions and phenotypically anchored to complementary histopathologic, and biochemical data in the liver of mice. Among 1668 candidate genes, 694 genes were up-regulated and 974 genes were down-regulated after TOTM exposure. Using Gene Ontology analysis, TOTM affected three processes: the cell cycle, metabolic process and oxidative activity. Furthermore, 11 key genes involved in the above processes were validated by real time PCR. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that these genes were involved in the cell cycle pathway, lipid metabolism and oxidative process. It revealed the transcriptome gene expression response to TOTM exposure in mouse, and these data could contribute to provide a clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TOTM-induced hepatotoxicity in human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Device Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Supervision and Testing, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Device Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Supervision and Testing, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Dan-Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Li Fang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Device Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Supervision and Testing, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xue-Lai Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Device Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Supervision and Testing, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jin-Chuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Medical Device Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Supervision and Testing, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hai-Rong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Device Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Supervision and Testing, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, Toppari J, Zoeller RT. EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:E1-E150. [PMID: 26544531 PMCID: PMC4702494 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1262] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, a substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding of plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions and how exposures in animals and humans-especially during development-may lay the foundations for disease later in life. At this point in history, we have much stronger knowledge about how EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, and epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects in exposed individuals as well as their descendants. Causal links between exposure and manifestation of disease are substantiated by experimental animal models and are consistent with correlative epidemiological data in humans. There are several caveats because differences in how experimental animal work is conducted can lead to difficulties in drawing broad conclusions, and we must continue to be cautious about inferring causality in humans. In this second Scientific Statement, we reviewed the literature on a subset of topics for which the translational evidence is strongest: 1) obesity and diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male reproduction; 4) hormone-sensitive cancers in females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; and 7) neurodevelopment and neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria for studies were those conducted predominantly in the past 5 years deemed to be of high quality based on appropriate negative and positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size and experimental design, and mammalian animal studies with exposure levels in a range that was relevant to humans. We also focused on studies using the developmental origins of health and disease model. No report was excluded based on a positive or negative effect of the EDC exposure. The bulk of the results across the board strengthen the evidence for endocrine health-related actions of EDCs. Based on this much more complete understanding of the endocrine principles by which EDCs act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, and developmental vulnerability, these findings can be much better translated to human health. Armed with this information, researchers, physicians, and other healthcare providers can guide regulators and policymakers as they make responsible decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Gore
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - V A Chappell
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - S E Fenton
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J A Flaws
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - A Nadal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - G S Prins
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J Toppari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - R T Zoeller
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sarath Josh MK, Pradeep S, Vijayalekshmy Amma KS, Sudha Devi R, Balachandran S, Sreejith MN, Benjamin S. Human ketosteroid receptors interact with hazardous phthalate plasticizers and their metabolites: anin silicostudy. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:836-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Sarath Josh
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany; University of Calicut; Kerala India
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Sri Vyasa N.S.S. College, Wadakkanchery, Thrissur; University of Calicut; Kerala India
| | - S. Pradeep
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany; University of Calicut; Kerala India
| | - K. S. Vijayalekshmy Amma
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Sri Vyasa N.S.S. College, Wadakkanchery, Thrissur; University of Calicut; Kerala India
| | - R. Sudha Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram; University of Kerala; Kerala India
| | - S. Balachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram; University of Kerala; Kerala India
| | - M. N. Sreejith
- Centre for Cheminformatics, Department of Chemistry, Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode; University of Calicut; Kerala India
| | - Sailas Benjamin
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany; University of Calicut; Kerala India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kalo D, Hadas R, Furman O, Ben-Ari J, Maor Y, Patterson DG, Tomey C, Roth Z. Carryover Effects of Acute DEHP Exposure on Ovarian Function and Oocyte Developmental Competence in Lactating Cows. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130896. [PMID: 26154164 PMCID: PMC4496077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined acute exposure of Holstein cows to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its carryover effects on ovarian function and oocyte developmental competence. Synchronized cows were tube-fed with water or 100 mg/kg DEHP per day for 3 days. Blood, urine and milk samples were collected before, during and after DEHP exposure to examine its clearance pattern. Ovarian follicular dynamics was monitored through an entire estrous cycle by ultrasonographic scanning. Follicular fluids were aspirated from the preovulatory follicles on days 0 and 29 of the experiment and analyzed for phthalate metabolites and estradiol concentration. The aspirated follicular fluid was used as maturation medium for in-vitro embryo production. Findings revealed that DEHP impairs the pattern of follicular development, with a prominent effect on dominant follicles. The diameter and growth rate of the first- and second-wave dominant follicles were lower (P < 0.05) in the DEHP-treated group. Estradiol concentration in the follicular fluid was lower in the DEHP-treated group than in controls, and associated with a higher number of follicular pathologies (follicle diameter >25 mm). The pattern of growth and regression of the corpus luteum differed between groups, with a lower volume in the DEHP-treated group (P < 0.05). The follicular fluid aspirated from the DEHP-treated group, but not the controls, contained 23 nM mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Culturing of cumulus oocyte complexes in the follicular fluid aspirated from DEHP-treated cows reduced the proportion of oocytes progressing to the MII stage, and the proportions of 2- to 4-cell-stage embryos (P < 0.04) and 7-day blastocysts (P < 0.06). The results describe the risk associated with acute exposure to DEHP and its deleterious carryover effects on ovarian function, nuclear maturation and oocyte developmental competence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Kalo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Hadas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Furman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Julius Ben-Ari
- Interdepartmental Equipment Facility, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Maor
- Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | | | - Cynthia Tomey
- AXYS Analytical Services Inc., Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 5X2, Canada
| | - Zvi Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hannon PR, Brannick KE, Wang W, Gupta RK, Flaws JA. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits antral follicle growth, induces atresia, and inhibits steroid hormone production in cultured mouse antral follicles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:42-53. [PMID: 25701202 PMCID: PMC4374011 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant found in consumer products that causes ovarian toxicity. Antral follicles are the functional ovarian units and must undergo growth, survival from atresia, and proper regulation of steroidogenesis to ovulate and produce hormones. Previous studies have determined that DEHP inhibits antral follicle growth and decreases estradiol levels in vitro; however, the mechanism by which DEHP elicits these effects is unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that DEHP directly alters regulators of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis to inhibit antral follicle functionality. Antral follicles from adult CD-1 mice were cultured with vehicle control or DEHP (1-100 μg/ml) for 24-96 h to establish the temporal effects of DEHP on the follicle. Following 24-96 h of culture, antral follicles were subjected to gene expression analysis, and media were subjected to measurements of hormone levels. DEHP increased the mRNA levels of cyclin D2, cyclin dependent kinase 4, cyclin E1, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1 and decreased the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A prior to growth inhibition. Additionally, DEHP increased the mRNA levels of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death, BCL2-associated X protein, BCL2-related ovarian killer protein, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, and Bcl2-like 10, leading to an increase in atresia. Further, DEHP decreased the levels of progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone prior to the decrease in estradiol levels, with decreased mRNA levels of side-chain cleavage, 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-desmolase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase. Collectively, DEHP directly alters antral follicle functionality by inhibiting growth, inducing atresia, and inhibiting steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Hannon
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Katherine E Brannick
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Rupesh K Gupta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo M, Lai L, Zong T, Lin Y, Yang B, Zhang L, Li M, Kuang H. Exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits luteal function via dysregulation of CD31 and prostaglandin F2alpha in pregnant mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:11. [PMID: 25888850 PMCID: PMC4351920 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure reduces embryo implantations, increases embryonic loss, and decreases fetal body weights. However, whether it is associated with the alteration of luteal function remains unknown. Thus, our aim in this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of DEHP on luteal function in pregnant mice in vivo. METHODS Mice were administered DEHP by gavage at 125, 250, 500 mg/kg/day from gestational days (GD) 1 to 9 or 13. Levels of serum progesterone and estradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay. The numbers and sizes of corpora lutea were calculated by ovarian histomorphology. Steroidogenic enzymes were assessed by qRT-PCR. CD31 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry, and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) levels were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Treatment with DEHP significantly inhibited progesterone secretion in pregnant mice in a dose-dependent manner but did not inhibit estradiol production on GD 9 and 13. Treatment also showed concomitant decreases in transcript levels for key steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A, 3β-HSD, and StAR) on GD 13. Furthermore, DEHP administration significantly reduced the numbers and sizes of corpora lutea on GD 13. No significant changes in the ratio of ovary weight vs. body weight were observed between the control group and treated animals on GD 9 and 13. In addition, treatment with DEHP significantly inhibited CD31 expression of corpora lutea, whereas plasma PGF2alpha levels in DEHP treatment groups were significantly higher compared with the control groups on GD 9 and 13. CONCLUSIONS The results show DEHP significantly inhibits luteal function of pregnant mice in vivo, with a mechanism that seems to involve the down-regulation of progesterone and steroidogenic enzymes message RNA, the decrease in CD31 expression, and the increase in PGF2alpha secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lidan Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Teng Zong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Jixi Province People, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li N, Liu K, Yuan H, Zhu J, Yu G, Xie J, Fu S, Guo K, Ye L. The effect of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on apoptosis of rat ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:643-650. [PMID: 25681707 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is considered to be a reproductive toxicant. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of MEHP on apoptosis of rat ovarian granulosa cells and explore potential mechanism. Granulosa cells were treated with MEHP (0, 25, 50, and 100 μmol/l). Inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis rate were observed in 50 and 100 μmol/l groups. CASPASE3 activity and BAX expression were significantly raised in all MEHP-treated groups; BCL2 expression was elevated in 25 μmol/l group, while inhibited in 50 and 100 μmol/l groups; BAX/BCL2 ratio was increased in a typical dose-effect relationship. In conclusion, this study showed that MEHP exposure induced cell viability decrease and apoptosis, associated with increase of CASPASE3 activity and BAX/BCL2 ratio. Moreover, CASPASE3 activity showed a reversed dose-dependent effect in MEHP-treated groups, indicating there might exist other CASPASE-independent pathway involved in MEHP-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China; The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116012, China
| | - Keqiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Guangyan Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Jingli Xie
- Department of Radiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Songpo Fu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Phthalates are commonly used as plasticizers in the manufacturing of flexible polyvinyl chloride products. Large production volumes of phthalates and their widespread use in common consumer, medical, building, and personal care products lead to ubiquitous human exposure via oral ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Recently, several phthalates have been classified as reproductive toxicants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals based on their ability to interfere with normal reproductive function and hormone signaling. Therefore, exposure to phthalates represents a public health concern. Currently, the effects of phthalates on male reproduction are better understood than the effects on female reproduction. This is of concern because women are often exposed to higher levels of phthalates than men through their extensive use of personal care and cosmetic products. In the female, a primary regulator of reproductive and endocrine function is the ovary. Specifically, the ovary is responsible for folliculogenesis, the proper maturation of gametes for fertilization, and steroidogenesis, and the synthesis of necessary sex steroid hormones. Any defect in the regulation of these processes can cause complications for reproductive and non-reproductive health. For instance, phthalate-induced defects in folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis can cause infertility, premature ovarian failure, and non-reproductive disorders. Presently, there is a paucity of knowledge on the effects of phthalates on normal ovarian function; however, recent work has established the ovary as a target of phthalate toxicity. This review summarizes what is currently known about the effects of phthalates on the ovary and the mechanisms by which phthalates exert ovarian toxicity, with a particular focus on the effects on folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. Further, this review outlines future directions, including the necessity of examining the effects of phthalates at doses that mimic human exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Hannon
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hayashi Y, Ito Y, Nakajima T. Effects of exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
during fetal period on next generation. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2015; 69:86-91. [PMID: 24858501 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.69.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) is bringing new insights into the origin of lifestyle diseases: unbalanced nutrition in utero and during infancy is associated with an increased risk of lifestyle diseases. In order to clarify this association, experimental and epidemiological studies have been conducted. Maternal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), decreases the number of live fetuses and newborn pups, and their body weights, and it enhances fetal desorption in wild-type mice. Similarly, these DEHP were also observed in mice expressing human PPARα, but not in PPARα-null mice. These results suggest that the DEHP toxicity in offspring is caused dependently on PPARα. DEHP suppresses the increase in the levels of plasma triglyceride (TG)/fatty acids (FAs) only in wild-type pregnant mice, suggesting that the decreased lipid levels in utero may affect the fetus development, because TG/FAs are essential in the development of fetuses. Additionally, maternal DEHP exposure decreases estrogen and progesterone balances, which may also explain the effects on fetuses and pups mentioned above. Indeed, DEHP itself or metabolite(s) may induce the toxicity, because a difference in the metabolic route is observed between the wild-type and PPARα-null mice. Thus, we were unable to conclude the causal factor(s) for the DEHP-induced offspring toxicity, that is, whether it is a direct or an indirect effect of the chemical or metabolite(s) via the toxic effects on maternal mice; however, PPARα is indeed associated with in offspring toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Hayashi
- Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Department of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University
Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Meltzer D, Martinez-Arguelles DB, Campioli E, Lee S, Papadopoulos V. In utero exposure to the endocrine disruptor di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate targets ovarian theca cells and steroidogenesis in the adult female rat. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 51:47-56. [PMID: 25530038 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an endocrine disruptor used in industry as an additive to polyvinyl chloride-based products. Pregnant dams were gavaged with oil, 1, 20, 50, or 300mg of DEHP/kg/day from gestational day 14 until birth in order to characterize the effects of DEHP in the adult female offspring. In utero exposure to DEHP resulted in reduced estrogen levels at proestrus. Theca cell layer thickness was decreased starting at 50mg DEHP/kg/day dose. Follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly increased at proestrus and estrus. F1 reproduction using a known breeder was not affected. F3 generation showed a decreased pregnancy rate and weight, and increased litter size in the animals exposed to 20mg DEHP/kg/day. The data presented herein suggest that in utero exposure to DEHP targets the theca cell layer and decreases the estrus cycle steroid surge, but despite these effects, does not cause infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Meltzer
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel B Martinez-Arguelles
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Enrico Campioli
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|