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Liu ZH, Ai S, Xia Y, Wang HL. Intestinal toxicity of Pb: Structural and functional damages, effects on distal organs and preventive strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172781. [PMID: 38685433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants that possesses multi-organ toxicity. For decades, great efforts have been devoted to investigate the damage of Pb to kidney, liver, bone, blood cells and the central nervous system (CNS). For the common, dietary exposure is the main avenue of Pb, but our knowledge of Pb toxicity in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) remains quite insufficient. Importantly, emerging evidence has documented that gastrointestinal disorders affect other distal organs like brain and liver though gut-brain axis or gut-liver axis, respectively. This review focuses on the recent understanding of intestinal toxicity of Pb exposure, including structural and functional damages. We also review the influence and mechanism of intestinal toxicity on other distal organs, mainly concentrated on brain and liver. At last, we summarize the bioactive substances that reported to alleviate Pb toxicity, providing potential dietary intervention strategies to prevent or attenuate Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shu Ai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yanzhou Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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Karami M, Mohammed LM, Dehghan SF, Hashemi SS, Baiee H. Burton's Line on the Gum Seen in Lead Poisoning Among Petroleum Refinery Workers in Kirkuk City, Iraq: A Case Series. Cureus 2024; 16:e60050. [PMID: 38854344 PMCID: PMC11162749 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead poisoning is a serious occupational health risk, especially for those who work in fields where lead-containing products are frequently exposed, including petroleum refining. Three cases of lead poisoning among employees of the petroleum refinery in Kirkuk City, Iraq, have been presented in this case series, emphasizing the clinical significance of Burton's line (blue-purplish line or gingival pigmentation) on the gums as an indication of lead toxicity. Patients presented with typical gingival margin darkening along with symptoms like fatigue, headaches, abdominal pain, and neurological impairments. Subsequent laboratory analysis confirmed that all three patients had increased blood lead levels, which ranged from 30 to 43 μg/dL (normal range <10 μg/dL). In the process of refining petroleum, lead can be inhaled, ingested, or come into direct touch with lead-containing items. Burton's line identification is essential for prompt diagnosis and intervention. This case series highlights the importance of taking preventative action to lessen the risks of lead exposure and protect the well-being and safety of employees of petroleum refineries. Healthcare providers should be vigilant, and strict safety protocols, worker education, and regular monitoring are all essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Luay M Mohammed
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Somayeh F Dehghan
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Seyed S Hashemi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRN
| | - Hasan Baiee
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hilla University College, Babylon, IRQ
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Riasatian M, Mazloomi SM, Ahmadi A, Derakhshan Z, Rajabi S. Benefits of fermented synbiotic soymilk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and inulin towards lead toxicity alleviation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17518. [PMID: 37408889 PMCID: PMC10319184 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of fermented synbiotic soy milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, and inulin on a series of hematological and oxidative stress parameters, as well as serum lead levels in rats. In this study, 56 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to assess probiotics (L. acidophilus or B. lactis), probiotics with prebiotics (i.e., inulin), and the corresponding controls. Several hematologic parameters (red blood cell (RBC)), hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hgb)), serum lead levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) presence was measured to evaluate changes on day 42. Although a significant difference was observed in serum lead levels, there were no significant changes in hematological and oxidative stress parameters between the study groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that administering synbiotic fermented soy milk containing the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and the prebiotic inulin may significantly improve serum lead levels in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryamsadat Riasatian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsane Ahmadi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Rajabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hernández-García S, Flores-García M, Maldonado-Vega M, Hernández G, Meneses-Melo F, López-Vanegas NC, Calderón-Salinas JV. Adaptive changes in redox response and decreased platelet aggregation in lead-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104134. [PMID: 37116628 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lead exposure can generate pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory conditions in the blood, related to high platelet activation and aggregation, altering cell functions. We studied ADP-stimulated aggregation and the oxidant/antioxidant system of platelets from chronically lead-exposed workers and non-exposed workers. Platelet aggregation was low in lead-exposed workers (62 vs. 97%), who had normal platelet counts and showed no clinical manifestations of hemostatic failure. ADP-activated platelets from lead-exposed workers failed to increase superoxide release (3.3 vs. 6.6 µmol/g protein), had low NADPH concentration (60 vs. 92 nmol/mg protein), high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (224 vs. 129 nmol/mg protein) and high plasma PGE2 concentration (287 vs. 79 pg/mL). Altogether, those conditions, on the one hand, could account for the low platelet aggregation and, on the other, indicate an adaptive mechanism for the oxidative status of platelets and anti-aggregating molecules to prevent thrombotic problems in the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory environment of chronic lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hernández-García
- Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirthala Flores-García
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Maldonado-Vega
- Planning, Teaching and Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío. León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Hernández
- Section Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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Pramanik J, Kumar A, Panchal L, Prajapati B. Countermeasures for Maintaining Cardiovascular Health in Space Missions. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:57-67. [PMID: 37005513 PMCID: PMC10518885 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230330083225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During space exploration, the human body is subjected to altered atmospheric environments and gravity, exposure to radiation, sleep disturbance, and mental pressures; all these factors are responsible for cardiovascular diseases. Under microgravity, the physiological changes related to cardiovascular diseases are the cephalic fluid shift, dramatic reduction in central venous pressure, changes in blood rheology and endothelial function, cerebrovascular abnormalities, headaches, optic disc edema, intracranial hypertension, congestion of the jugular vein, facial swelling, and loss of taste. Generally, five countermeasures are used to maintain cardiovascular health (during and after space missions), including shielding, nutritional, medicinal, exercise, and artificial gravity. This article concludes with how to reduce space missions' impact on cardiovascular health with the help of various countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhilam Pramanik
- Department of Food Technology, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, SRM University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Lakshay Panchal
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, India
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Laouali N, Benmarhnia T, Oulhote Y. Potential benefits of joint hypothetical interventions on diet, lead, and cadmium on mortality in US adults. Environ Health 2022; 21:93. [PMID: 36195905 PMCID: PMC9533558 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported associations between high blood lead levels (BLLs) and urinary cadmium (UCd) concentrations and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. It is hypothesized that these associations are mediated by inflammation; therefore, adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet may mitigate these effects. We sought to estimate the potential effects of joint hypothetical interventions on metals levels and adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet or fruits and vegetables (FV) intake on the expected mortality distributions. METHODS We used data on 14,311 adults aged ≥ 20 years enrolled in the NHANES-III between 1988 and 1994 and followed up through Dec 31, 2015. We estimated daily FV servings and adherence to the dietary inflammatory index at baseline using 24-hour dietary recalls. Mortality was determined from the National Death Index records. We used the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models to estimate the absolute risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality under different hypothetical interventions compared to the natural course (no intervention). RESULTS Overall, we observed a decreased mortality risk when intervening to lower metals levels or increasing adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet or the daily FV servings. The joint intervention to lower BLLs and UCd and increase the adherence to the anti-inflammatory diet had the strongest impact on cancer mortality risk (risk difference [RD] = -1.50% (-2.52% to -0.62%)) compared to the joint intervention only on metals levels RD= -0.97% (-1.89 to 0.70). The same pattern of associations was observed for the joint intervention to lower both metals and increased daily FV servings and cardiovascular diseases mortality risk. CONCLUSION Higher diet quality may constitute a complementary approach to the interventions to reduce exposures to cadmium and lead to further minimize their effects on mortality. A paradigm shift is required from a pollutant-focused only to a combination with a human-focused approach for primary prevention against these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Laouali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA.
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP): Exposome and Heredity team, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Gustave Roussy Institute, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Dietary and Antioxidant Vitamins Limit the DNA Damage Mediated by Oxidative Stress in the Mother-Newborn Binomial. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12071012. [PMID: 35888100 PMCID: PMC9323630 DOI: 10.3390/life12071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, appropriate nutritional support is necessary for the development of the foetus. Maternal nutrition might protect the foetus from toxic agents such as free radicals due to its antioxidant content. In this study, 90 mothers and their children were recruited. DNA damage mediated by oxidative stress (OS) was determined by the levels of 8-hidroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the plasma of women and umbilical cord blood. The mothers and newborns were categorised into tertiles according to their 8-OHdG levels for further comparison. No relevant clinical differences were observed in each group. A strong correlation was observed in the mother−newborn binomial for 8-OHdG levels (Rho = 0.694, p < 0.001). In the binomial, a lower level of 8-OHdG was associated with higher consumption of calories, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamin A (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of 8-OHdG were only significantly lower in newborns from mothers with a higher consumption of vitamin A and E (p < 0.01). These findings were confirmed by a significant negative correlation between the 8-OHdG levels of newborns and the maternal consumption of vitamins A and E, but not C (Rho = −0.445 (p < 0.001), −0.281 (p = 0.007), and −0.120 (p = 0.257), respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the 8-OHdG levels in mothers and newborns inversely correlated with vitamin A (β = −1.26 (p = 0.016) and −2.17 (p < 0.001), respectively) and pregestational body mass index (β = −1.04 (p = 0.007) and −0.977 (p = 0.008), respectively). In conclusion, maternal consumption of vitamins A and E, but not C, might protect newborns from DNA damage mediated by OS.
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Hernández-Franco P, Maldonado-Vega M, Calderón-Salinas JV, Rojas E, Valverde M. Role of Ape1 in Impaired DNA Repair Capacity in Battery Recycling Plant Workers Exposed to Lead. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137961. [PMID: 35805621 PMCID: PMC9265680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to lead in environmental and occupational settings continues to be a serious public health problem. At environmentally relevant doses, two mechanisms may underlie lead exposition-induced genotoxicity, disruption of the redox balance and an interference with DNA repair systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of lead exposition to induce impaired function of Ape1 and its impact on DNA repair capacity of workers chronically exposed to lead in a battery recycling plant. Our study included 53 participants, 37 lead exposed workers and 16 non-lead exposed workers. Lead intoxication was characterized by high blood lead concentration, high lipid peroxidation and low activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD). Relevantly, we found a loss of DNA repair capacity related with down-regulation of a set of specific DNA repair genes, showing specifically, for the first time, the role of Ape1 down regulation at transcriptional and protein levels in workers exposed to lead. Additionally, using a functional assay we found an impaired function of Ape1 that correlates with high blood lead concentration and lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these data suggest that occupational exposure to lead could decrease DNA repair capacity, inhibiting the function of Ape1, as well other repair genes through the regulation of the ZF-transcription factor, promoting the genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernández-Franco
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María Maldonado-Vega
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Dirección de Planeación, Enseñanza e Investigación, Blvd. Milenio #130, Colonia San Carlos La Roncha, León 37660, Mexico;
| | - José Víctor Calderón-Salinas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN #2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07480, Mexico;
| | - Emilio Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.V.); Tel.: +52-5556229177 (E.R. & M.V.)
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.V.); Tel.: +52-5556229177 (E.R. & M.V.)
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Firoozichahak A, Rahimnejad S, Rahmani A, Parvizimehr A, Aghaei A, Rahimpoor R. Effect of Occupational exposure to Lead on Serum Levels of Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes: An Occupational Cohort Study. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:269-275. [PMID: 35256998 PMCID: PMC8897690 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to know the effects of chronic lead exposure on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and liver enzymes in a cohort study among of lead mine workers. We followed of 200 Iranian workers for 3- years (2018–2020), 100 of them with known occupational exposure to lead thorough their work in lead mine while the others 100 were with no such exposure. Blood lead level (BLL), serum lipids, lipoproteins, and liver enzymes of the exposure group for 3- years were measured and compared with those attained in the non-exposed workers. The BLL levels of the lead-mine workers were higher than with recommended level and the non-exposed group (24.15 and 6.35 µg/dL, respectively). The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between BLL and lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and bilirubin levels (P < 0.01). Also while we found a negative and significant correlation between BLL and triglyceride, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels (P < 0.01). This report depicted that chronic lead exposure is a risk factor for hematological, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the fact that the level of liver function parameters was in the normal range, the results of 3- years follow-up show a significant relationship between BLL and alteration of biochemical parameters levels. Occupational exposure to lead can cause alter liver enzymes. LDH, AST, ALK, ALT, and bilirubin are increased due to chronic exposure to lead. Compare with non- exposure group, exposure group had a lower level of TG. Total protein, albumin, and globulin are decreased due to chronic exposure to lead. Occupational exposure to lead had no significant effect on BUN levels.
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Montesinos CA, Khalid R, Cristea O, Greenberger JS, Epperly MW, Lemon JA, Boreham DR, Popov D, Gorthi G, Ramkumar N, Jones JA. Space Radiation Protection Countermeasures in Microgravity and Planetary Exploration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080829. [PMID: 34440577 PMCID: PMC8398261 DOI: 10.3390/life11080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Space radiation is one of the principal environmental factors limiting the human tolerance for space travel, and therefore a primary risk in need of mitigation strategies to enable crewed exploration of the solar system. METHODS We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding potential means to reduce the biological effects of space radiation. New countermeasure strategies for exploration-class missions are proposed, based on recent advances in nutrition, pharmacologic, and immune science. RESULTS Radiation protection can be categorized into (1) exposure-limiting: shielding and mission duration; (2) countermeasures: radioprotectors, radiomodulators, radiomitigators, and immune-modulation, and; (3) treatment and supportive care for the effects of radiation. Vehicle and mission design can augment the overall exposure. Testing in terrestrial laboratories and earth-based exposure facilities, as well as on the International Space Station (ISS), has demonstrated that dietary and pharmacologic countermeasures can be safe and effective. Immune system modulators are less robustly tested but show promise. Therapies for radiation prodromal syndrome may include pharmacologic agents; and autologous marrow for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). CONCLUSIONS Current radiation protection technology is not yet optimized, but nevertheless offers substantial protection to crews based on Lunar or Mars design reference missions. With additional research and human testing, the space radiation risk can be further mitigated to allow for long-duration exploration of the solar system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radina Khalid
- School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Octav Cristea
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.S.G.); (M.W.E.)
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.S.G.); (M.W.E.)
| | - Jennifer A. Lemon
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.A.L.); (D.R.B.)
| | - Douglas R. Boreham
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.A.L.); (D.R.B.)
| | - Dmitri Popov
- Advanced Medical Technologies and Systems Inc., Richmond Hill, ON L4B 1N1, Canada;
| | | | - Nandita Ramkumar
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Center for Space Medicine, Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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(Ascorb)ing Pb Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121311. [PMID: 33371438 PMCID: PMC7767447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) neurotoxicity is a major concern, particularly in children. Developmental exposure to Pb can alter neurodevelopmental trajectory and has permanent neuropathological consequences, including an increased vulnerability to further stressors. Ascorbic acid is among most researched antioxidant nutrients and has a special role in maintaining redox homeostasis in physiological and physio-pathological brain states. Furthermore, because of its capacity to chelate metal ions, ascorbic acid may particularly serve as a potent therapeutic agent in Pb poisoning. The present review first discusses the major consequences of Pb exposure in children and then proceeds to present evidence from human and animal studies for ascorbic acid as an efficient ameliorative supplemental nutrient in Pb poisoning, with a particular focus on developmental Pb neurotoxicity. In doing so, it is hoped that there is a revitalization for further research on understanding the brain functions of this essential, safe, and readily available vitamin in physiological states, as well to justify and establish it as an effective neuroprotective and modulatory factor in the pathologies of the nervous system, including developmental neuropathologies.
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Yin N, Han Z, Du H, Wang P, Li Y, Chen X, Sun G, Cui Y, Hu Z. Effect of dietary vitamins in oral bioaccessibility of lead in contaminated soils based on the physiologically based extraction test. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141299. [PMID: 32791414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effect of vitamin supplements on the oral bioaccessibility of Pb in soils, Pb bioaccessibility was measured in the presence of 9 vitamins by a physiologically based extraction test. Gastric Pb bioaccessibility (G-BA, 2.6-83.3%) was found to be mostly reduced (1.1-3.1 fold) in the presence of B vitamins, specifically vitamins B1, B6, and B9. In contrast, a significant increase in Pb G-BA was observed with vitamin C and E involved. In the small intestinal phases, Pb bioaccessibility (I-BA) ranged from 0.1% to 16.0%, being 5-50 fold lower than the corresponding G-BA values. Vitamin C supplementation showed a 7-fold increase in Pb I-BA, with a similar increase presented in approximately 30% of samples treated to vitamin B involvement. Lead liberation in gastrointestinal digests was associated with the dissolution of Fe and Mn regulated by vitamins. In conclusion, the addition of B vitamins resulted in the reduction of gastric Pb bioaccessibility, but the bioaccessibility value increased in participation of vitamin C and E. Elevated intestinal bioaccessibility was found especially for vitamin C. This should contribute to more accurate assessment of health risks from contaminated soils. Nutritional management aimed at preventing Pb-induced toxicity can benefit from knowledge of vitamin influence on soil Pb bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyi Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Zeliang Han
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Huili Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yanshan Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Zhengyi Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Davuljigari CB, Gottipolu RR. Late-life Cardiac Injury in Rats following Early Life Exposure to Lead: Reversal Effect of Nutrient Metal Mixture. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:249-260. [PMID: 31541351 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early-life exposure to lead (Pb) can lead to health effects in later life. The neurotoxic effects of Pb have been well documented but its effects on the heart are poorly elucidated. We examined the late life cardiac impairments resulting from developmental exposure to Pb. Further, we investigated the protective effect of the nutrient metal mixture containing calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) against Pb-induced long-term effects on cardiac functions.Male albino rats were lactationally exposed to 0.2% Pb-acetate or 0.2% Pb-acetate together nutrient metal mixture as 0.02% in drinking water of the mother from PND 1 to PND 21. The results showed increased levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity at postnatal day (PND) 28 [young], 4 months [adult] and 18 months [old] age group rats. Most notably, exposure to Pb decreased the activities of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), aconitase (Acon), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), xanthine oxidase (XO) and total antioxidant status while the MDA levels increased in all selected age groups of rats. The histological findings showed an age-dependent response to Pb exposure evidenced by extensive degeneration and necrosis in cardiac muscle, disruption in muscle connectivity, hemorrhage, and mononuclear cell infiltration. Co-administration of nutrient metal mixture reversed the Pb-induced cardiac impairments as reflected in the recovery of the chosen sensitive markers of oxidative stress, reduced Pb levels and cardiac tissue changes. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that early-life exposure to Pb continuously influence the cardiac mitochondrial functions from early life to older age and further suggesting that adequate intake of nutrient metals may be potential therapeutic treatment for Pb intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chand Basha Davuljigari
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517502, India.
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15
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Jin D, Wang J, Zhan Q, Huang K, Wang H, Zhang G, Xu Y, Yao J, Sun R, Huang Q, Ye F, Zhang G. The safety and efficacy of 2% vitamin C solution spray for relief of mucosal irritation caused by Lugol chromoendoscopy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 92:554-564. [PMID: 31783028 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lugol chromoendoscopy facilitates endoscopic visualization of esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma. Vitamin C solution (VCS) can theoretically neutralize free iodine, which causes mucosal irritation. The aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of VCS for relieving adverse symptoms caused by Lugol iodine staining. METHODS Two hundred forty eligible patients were randomized to receive 20 mL of normal saline solution (NS), 5% sodium thiosulfate solution (STS), or 2% VCS after spraying 10 mL of 2% Lugol iodine solution on the mid-distal esophagus. The primary endpoints were statistically significant reductions in acute and late adverse symptom severity scores. The secondary endpoint was the discoloration effect on esophageal brown iodine-stained mucosa. RESULTS Spraying both VCS and STS similarly decreased the severity scores of acute (NS vs VCS = 2.58 vs 1.61, P = .040; VCS vs STS = 1.61 vs 1.89, P > .999) and late (NS vs VCS = 1.70 vs 0.91, P = .002; VCS vs STS = 0.91 vs 1.38; P = .212) adverse symptoms after Lugol chromoendoscopy compared with spraying NS. Compared with STS spray, VCS spray alleviated acute acid regurgitation or heartburn (33% vs 15%, P = .017) and late retrosternal discomfort or pain (21% vs 9%, P = .027). Moreover, compared with spraying NS, spraying VCS quickly discolored the iodine-stained mucosa, with a better decolorization score (2.26 vs 3.56, P = .000), and the effects of fading iodine dye were similar between VCS and STS (3.56 vs 3.59, P = .908). CONCLUSIONS VCS can reduce mucosal irritation symptoms induced by Lugol chromoendoscopy and can be routinely recommended. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number: ChiCTR1900022000.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Duochen Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Qiang Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Keting Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yinghong Xu
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Endoscopic Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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López-Vanegas NC, Hernández G, Maldonado-Vega M, Calderón-Salinas JV. Leukocyte apoptosis, TNF-α concentration and oxidative damage in lead-exposed workers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 391:114901. [PMID: 32004562 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lead intoxication can generate pro-inflammatory conditions that have been proposed to be associated with cell injuries and oxidative stress. The pro-inflammatory state can participate in the pathophysiology of this toxicity to generate immune response dysfunctions, which could condition the presence of clinical manifestations and susceptibility to infections already described in lead-exposed patients. In the present work, we study workers of a battery recycler factory (n = 24) who are chronically exposed to lead and compared them with non-lead exposed workers (n = 17). Lead-exposed workers had high lead concentrations in blood (med 69.8 vs. 1.7 μg/dL), low δ-ALAD activity (med 149 vs. 1100 nmol PBG/h/mL), high lipid peroxidation (med 0.86 vs. 0.69 nmol/mL) and high erythrocytes apoptosis (med 0.81 vs. 0.50% PS externalization) in relation to non-lead exposed workers. Also, lead-exposed workers had a high incidence of signs and symptoms related to lead intoxication and a higher frequency of infections. The higher leukocyte apoptosis (med 18.3 vs. 8.2% PS externalization) and lower basal TNF-α concentration (med 0.38 vs. 0.94 pg/mL) in lead-exposed workers imply an immune response dysfunction; however, there was no difference in the TNF-α concentration when leukocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in whole blood (med 44 vs. 70 pg/mL), suggesting that lead-exposed workers might develop adaptation mechanisms to reduce basal TNF-α release through downregulation processes proposed for this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Hernández
- Section Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Maldonado-Vega
- Planning, Teaching and Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Blvd. Milenio 130, San Carlos La Roncha, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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17
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Liang Y, Zou Y, Niu C, Niu Y. Astragaloside IV and ferulic acid synergistically promote neurite outgrowth through Nrf2 activation. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 180:70-81. [PMID: 30978363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) have nuclear localization and nuclear exclusion signals and shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Thus, we hypothesised that astragaloside IV (AS-IV) induction nuclear import of Nrf2 and ferulic acid (FA) inhibition nuclear export of Nrf2 contribute to synergistic antioxidant effects of combination of FA and AS-IV (FA/AS-IV). Here, we have demonstrated that FA/AS-IV enhances neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells challenged with lead acetate (PbAc) via antioxidant properties in a synergistic manner. Concomitantly, FA/AS-IV significantly promotes Nrf2 activation and induces "phase-II'' enzymes during PbAc toxicity, compared with either FA or AS-IV alone. Interestingly, FA but not AS-IV activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), leading to an increase in both de novo synthesis of Nrf2 and nuclear import of Nrf2. Simultaneously, AS-IV but not FA suppresses Fyn phosphorylation via Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β, which inhibited nuclear export of Nrf2. Importantly, dual activation of both ERK1/2 and Akt by FA/AS-IV in PC12 cells challenged with PbAc is mediated by independent mechanisms, which are supported by pharmacological inhibitors. Collectively, these results support the notion that the FA/AS-IV may be promising in therapy for lead developmental neurotoxicity. This combination deserves further study in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Liang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yu Zou
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Chengu Niu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yingcai Niu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
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18
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Hernández G, Villanueva-Ibarra CA, Maldonado-Vega M, López-Vanegas NC, Ruiz-Cascante CE, Calderón-Salinas JV. Participation of phospholipase-A 2 and sphingomyelinase in the molecular pathways to eryptosis induced by oxidative stress in lead-exposed workers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 371:12-19. [PMID: 30928402 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The increment of eryptosis in lead-exposed workers has been associated with oxidative stress, having as the main mediator [Ca2+]i. However, other molecules could participate as signals, such as PLA2 and SMase, which have been proposed to increase PGE2 and ceramides, both involved in the increment of PS externalization due to osmotic stress. To study the role of these enzymes in lead intoxication, we studied 30 lead exposed workers and 27 non-lead exposed individuals. We found, compared to non-exposed subjects, lead intoxication characterized by high blood lead concentration (median = 39.1 μg/dL), and low δ-ALAD activity (median = 348 nmol of porphobilinogen/h/mL); oxidative stress with high lipid peroxidation (median = 1.31 nmol of malondialdehyde/mL) and low TAC (median = 370 mM Trolox equivalents); a higher enzymatic activity of PLA2 (median = 518 AFU/mg) and SMase (median = 706 AFU/mg) and higher eryptosis (median = 0.92% PS externalization). Correlation and conditional probability analyses permit to associate oxidative stress and eryptosis with high PLA2 activity. However, high SMase activity was only associated with PLA2 activity. The role of these enzymes in the signal path to eryptosis induced by oxidative stress in lead-exposed workers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Hernández
- Section Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - María Maldonado-Vega
- Planning, Teaching and Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío. León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia-Estefania Ruiz-Cascante
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Salud en el Trabajo, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José-Víctor Calderón-Salinas
- Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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19
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Ding N, Wang X, Tucker KL, Weisskopf MG, Sparrow D, Hu H, Park SK. Dietary patterns, bone lead and incident coronary heart disease among middle-aged to elderly men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:222-229. [PMID: 30317107 PMCID: PMC6263823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most absorbed lead ends up in the bone, where it can be measured as a biomarker of cumulative exposure, elevations of which have been shown to predict a higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Knowledge about the role of dietary patterns is critical to the development of effective interventions for the cardiovascular toxicity of cumulative lead exposure. METHODS 594 men, free of CHD at baseline, were followed from August 1991 to June 2011 in the Normative Aging Study. Bone lead concentrations were measured by K-shell-X-ray fluorescence. Dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: a 'prudent' pattern characterized by high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, tomatoes, poultry, and seafood; and a 'Western' pattern, with high intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grains, high-fat dairy products, high-energy drinks, fries, butter and eggs. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident CHD. Effect modification on the multiplicative scale was examined through cross-product interaction terms. RESULTS 137 men developed incident CHD events during 5071 person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for age, body mass index, total energy intake, smoking status, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio, education and occupation, an HR of incident CHD was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.27-2.11) with each doubling in patella lead concentration in the low prudent diet group (< median prudent score); and the HR decreased to 1.07 (95% CI: 0.86-1.34) in the high prudent diet (≥ median prudent score) (p-for-interaction = 0.01), suggesting protective effects of prudent diet against lead-related CHD. By contrast, the association between tibia lead and CHD was non-significantly larger in the low Western diet group (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14-1.80) compared with the high Western diet group (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.86-1.34) (p-for-interaction = 0.06). No significant effect modifications were detected by Western diet in the patella lead-CHD association and by prudent diet in the tibia lead-CHD association. CONCLUSIONS Prudent diet may reduce the risk of development of CHD in relation to patella lead. However, these findings need to be interpreted with caution, given the modest sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Sparrow
- Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Kim M, Basharat A, Santosh R, Mehdi SF, Razvi Z, Yoo SK, Lowell B, Kumar A, Brima W, Danoff A, Dankner R, Bergman M, Pavlov VA, Yang H, Roth J. Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3072. [PMID: 30171821 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over-nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over-nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under "obesity paradox." Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20th century, under-nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under-nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over-nutrition. This continuum yields J-shaped or U-shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20th century, are being neglected. This "hidden hunger" is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition-related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Anam Basharat
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Ramchandani Santosh
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Syed F Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Zanali Razvi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Sun K Yoo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Amrat Kumar
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Wunnie Brima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Danoff
- Department of Medicine, Cpl. Michael J Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Dankner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
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21
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Zhai Q, Yang L, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Chen W. Protective Effects of Dietary Supplements Containing Probiotics, Micronutrients, and Plant Extracts Against Lead Toxicity in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2134. [PMID: 30254621 PMCID: PMC6141689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) intoxication is a serious food safety issue, and the development of relevant dietary strategies is an area of ongoing research. In this study, two different dietary supplements were designed and evaluated for their effects against Pb toxicity in mice. Dietary supplement A contained grape seed extract, tea polyphenols and Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661, and dietary supplement B contained vitamin C, calcium carbonate, zinc acetate, and L. plantarum CCFM8661. The results showed that both dietary supplements could effectively decrease Pb levels, protect aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and recover glutathione, zinc protoporphyrin and malondialdehyde levels in tissues and blood of mice. A step-through passive avoidance task confirmed that the dietary supplements could recover the learning and memory capacities of Pb-exposed mice. The protective effects of both dietary supplements to alleviate oxidative stress and cognitive impairments were superior to the chelator treatment. Administration of the dietary supplements during Pb exposure offered more significant protection than administration after Pb exposure. Animal safety evaluation also indicated that these dietary supplements barely induced side effects in the mice. This study provides evidence that dietary supplements containing probiotics, micronutrients, and plant extracts can be considered a new dietary strategy against Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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22
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Khalil SR, Khalifa HA, Abdel-Motal SM, Mohammed HH, Elewa YHA, Mahmoud HA. Spirulina platensis attenuates the associated neurobehavioral and inflammatory response impairments in rats exposed to lead acetate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:255-265. [PMID: 29625400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are well known as environmental pollutants with hazardous impacts on human and animal health because of their wide industrial usage. In the present study, the role of Spirulina platensis in reversing the oxidative stress-mediated brain injury elicited by lead acetate exposure was evaluated. In order to accomplish this aim, rats were orally administered with 300 mg/kg bw Spirulina for 15 d, before and simultaneously with an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg bw lead acetate [6 injections through the two weeks]. As a result, the co-administration of Spirulina with lead acetate reversed the most impaired open field behavioral indices; however, this did not happen for swimming performance, inclined plane, and grip strength tests. In addition, it was observed that Spirulina diminished the lead content that accumulated in both the blood and the brain tissue of the exposed rats, and reduced the elevated levels of oxidative damage indices, and brain proinflammatory markers. Also, because of the Spirulina administration, the levels of the depleted biomarkers of antioxidant status and interleukin-10 in the lead-exposed rats were improved. Moreover, Spirulina protected the brain tissue (cerebrum and cerebellum) against the changes elicited by lead exposure, and also decreased the reactivity of HSP70 and Caspase-3 in both cerebrum and cerebellum tissues. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Spirulina has a potential use as a food supplement in the regions highly polluted with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Hesham A Khalifa
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Sabry M Abdel-Motal
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Hesham H Mohammed
- Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Yaser H A Elewa
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt; Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences. Graduate school of Veterinary, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hend Atta Mahmoud
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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23
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Yew WW, Chan DP, Leung CC, Zhang Y. RE: "DIETARY INTAKE OF ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS AND CAROTENOIDS AND RISK OF DEVELOPING ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS IN A PROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED COHORT". Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:1570-1571. [PMID: 29370338 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Wai Yew
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Denise P Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Hormozi M, Mirzaei R, Nakhaee A, Izadi S, Dehghan Haghighi J. The biochemical effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity in the blood of glazers in tile industry. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:459-467. [PMID: 29669482 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718769526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on markers of oxidative stress in glazers in tile industries. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the blood of 80 subjects, including 40 glazers and 40 nonexposed subjects. Mean levels of blood Cd (8.90 ± 2.80 µg/L) and blood Pb (62.90 ± 38.10 µg/L) of glazers showed a significant increase compared with the control group. In the serum of glazers, the level of MDA was significantly higher and the level of TAC was significantly lower than the control group. We have noted a disturbance in the levels of antioxidants by a significant increase in the CAT activity and a significant decrease in the activities of SOD and GPx in the serum of glazers compared with the controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the serum MDA level and CAT activity were positively associated with the blood levels of Pb and Cd. Also, GPx and SOD were negatively correlated with blood Cd levels. The study clearly indicated that co-exposure to Cd and Pb can induce oxidative stress in glazers, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hormozi
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramazan Mirzaei
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Izadi
- 3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Javid Dehghan Haghighi
- 4 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Khalil SR, Elhady WM, Elewa YH, Abd El-Hameed NE, Ali SA. Possible role of Arthrospira platensis in reversing oxidative stress-mediated liver damage in rats exposed to lead. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1259-1268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Pinzón-Díaz CE, Calderón-Salinas JV, Rosas-Flores MM, Hernández G, López-Betancourt A, Quintanar-Escorza MA. Eryptosis and oxidative damage in hypertensive and dyslipidemic patients. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 440:105-113. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jaiswal SK, Gupta VK, Ansari MD, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Vitamin C acts as a hepatoprotectant in carbofuran treated rat liver slices in vitro. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:265-273. [PMID: 28959648 PMCID: PMC5615148 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The observations of liver slices when treated with different concentrations of carbofuran were as follows:- increased LPO decreased SOD, CAT, & protein content in all the treatments
The observations of liver slices when treated with different concentrations of carbofuran along with vitamin C were as follows:- the levels of LPO, SOD, CAT & total protein content reinstated towards normal level only in liver slices treated with low concentration at higher concentration of carbofuran treatment Vitamin C does not ameliorate the hepatic toxicity induced by carbofuran
The in vitro liver slice culture may prove to be a useful model for hepatotoxicological studies and Vitamin C, as a hepatoprotectant in mammalian system. Carbamates, most commonly used pesticides in agricultural practices, have been reported to produce free radicals causing deleterious effects in animals. The present study was designed to assess the carbofuran induced oxidative stress in rat liver slices in vitro and also to evaluate protective role of vitamin C by incubating them in Krebs-Ringer HEPES Buffer (KRHB) containing incubation media (Williams medium E (WME) supplemented with glucose and antibiotics) with different concentrations of carbofuran. The results demonstrated that carbofuran caused significant increase in lipid peroxidation and inhibition in the activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) in concentration dependent manner. The data with incubation medium reflected that carbofuran at lowest concentration caused an increase in SOD activity followed by its inhibition at higher concentration. Carbofuran treatment caused inhibition in the activity of catalase in liver slices and WME incubation medium. Pre-incubation of liver slices and the WME media with vitamin C restored the values of biochemical indices tested. The results indicated that carbofuran might induce oxidative stress in hepatocytes. The pretreatment with vitamin C may offer hepatoprotection from toxicity of pesticide at low concentration only.
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Key Words
- Antioxidant
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- CaCl2, calcium chloride
- Carbofuran
- CuSO4, copper sulphate
- DMSO, Dimethylsulfoxide
- EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Hepatotoxicity
- In vitro
- KCl, potassium chloride
- KRHB, Krebs-Ringer HEPES Buffer
- MgSO4, magnesium sulfate
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NaCl, sodium chloride
- NaOH, sodium hydroxide and MDA Malonaldialdehyde
- Oxidative stress
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- WME, Williams medium E
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002, UP, India
| | - Md Dilshad Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, VBS Poorvanchal University, Jaunpur, 211002, UP, India
| | - Nikhat J Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002, UP, India
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Xiong Y, Xiong Y, Zhou S, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Ren X, Zhang Y, Zhang N. Vitamin C and E Supplements Enhance the Antioxidant Capacity of Erythrocytes Obtained from Aged Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 20:85-92. [PMID: 27346440 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C and E supplements on the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes obtained from young and aged rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats aged 3 and 24 months were used. Vitamins C and E were injected at doses of 200 mg/kg (day) intraperitoneally in young and aged groups. The antioxidant capacity, oxidant stress parameters, and deformability of red blood cells collected from different age stages were evaluated. An in vitro oxidation system was constructed to explore the mechanisms of antioxidant capacity change in the vitamin treatment groups. RESULTS Treatment with vitamins C and E can effectively restore the antioxidant capacity and deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) in aged rats. Under in vitro oxidative conditions, an age-dependent decline in the influx rate of L-cysteine was observed. This was significantly improved following treatment with vitamins C and E. CONCLUSION We present evidence of an improvement in the antioxidant capacity of RBCs by treatment with vitamins C and E in aged rats. These observations also suggest that treatment with vitamins C and E improves glutathione synthesis by enhancing the influx rate of L-cysteine through the modification of membrane proteins and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlian Xiong
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yanlei Xiong
- 2 Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Sun
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yingfang Zhang
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Naili Zhang
- 1 School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University , Yantai, P.R. China
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Lopes ACBA, Peixe TS, Mesas AE, Paoliello MMB. Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 236:193-238. [PMID: 26423075 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20013-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead is an environmental toxicant that can induce oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been reported as an important mechanism underlying lead toxicity (Gurer and Ercal 2000; Pande and Flora 2002; Kasperczyk et al. 2004a; Farmand et al. 2005; Verstraeten et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2009; Martinez-Haro et al. 2011). OS occurs when the generation of ROS exceeds the antioxidant system's ability to defend cells against oxidized molecules. ROS is a term generally used to refer to free radicals derived from O2 (e.g., superoxide anions [O2-] and hydroxyl radicals [OH-]) or to non-radical species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) (Halliwell and Cross 1994).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago S Peixe
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
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Salehi I, Karamian R, Komaki A, Tahmasebi L, Taheri M, Nazari M, Shahidi S, Sarihi A. Effects of vitamin E on lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Brain Res 2015; 1629:270-81. [PMID: 26462654 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure during development is associated with impaired cognitive function and long-term potentiation (LTP). Vitamin E (VE) is an antioxidant that could have protective effects against Pb intoxication. In this study, we examined the protective effects of vitamin E against Pb-induced LTP impairments. Forty-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: (1) control; (2) Pb exposure; (3) VE; (4) Pb +VE; (5) Pb exposure followed by VE 2 months after exposure; (6) VE followed by Pb exposure 1 month after treatment. Rats were exposed to Pb through daily consumption of Pb-contaminated distilled water; VE was administered by daily gavage for 3 months. After this period, the population spike (PS) amplitudes and the slopes of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were measured in the dentate gyrus (DG) area of the hippocampus in adult rats in response to electrical stimulation applied to the perforant pathway in vivo. Blood samples were also collected to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Biochemical analyses demonstrated significant increases in plasma MDA and TOS levels in the Pb-exposed group compared to the control group. VE-protected groups revealed significant increases in TAC levels. Our results demonstrate that Pb decreased EPSP slopes and PS amplitudes compared to the control group, whereas VE increased these parameters compared to the control group. Co-administration of VE with Pb exposure inhibited Pb-induced effects. These findings suggest that VE via its antioxidant activity reverses Pb-induced impairments of synaptic plasticity in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Karamian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Lida Tahmasebi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Taheri
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nazari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Zhai Q, Narbad A, Chen W. Dietary strategies for the treatment of cadmium and lead toxicity. Nutrients 2015; 7:552-71. [PMID: 25594439 PMCID: PMC4303853 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic heavy metals that cause adverse health effects in humans and animals. Chelation therapy, the conventional treatment for heavy metal toxicity, is reported to have a number of safety and efficacy issues. Recent studies have shown that dietary supplements play important roles in protecting against Cd and Pb toxicity. This paper reviews the evidence for protective effects of essential metals, vitamins, edible plants, phytochemicals, probiotics and other dietary supplements against Cd and Pb toxicity and describes the proposed possible mechanisms. Based on these findings, dietary strategies are recommended for people at risk of Cd and Pb exposure. The application of these strategies is advantageous for both the prevention and alleviation of Cd and Pb toxicity, as such supplements can be added easily and affordably to the daily diet and are expected to have very few side effects compared to the chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Gottipolu RR, Davuljigari CB. Perinatal exposure to lead: reduction in alterations of brain mitochondrial antioxidant system with calcium supplement. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:270-7. [PMID: 25161091 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a potent neurotoxicant that causes several neurochemical and behavioral alterations. Previous studies showed that the gestational and lactational exposure to Pb reduces the cholinergic and aminergic systems, and behavior of rats. The present study was designed to examine the protective effects of calcium supplementation against Pb-induced oxidative stress in cerebellum and hippocampus of brain at postnatal day (PND) 21, PND 28, PND 35, and PND 60. Pregnant rats were exposed to 0.2 % Pb (Pb acetate in drinking water) from gestational day 6 (GD 6) and pups were exposed through maternal milk till weaning (PND 21). We found that the activity of serum ceruloplasmin oxidase (Cp), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme activities were decreased, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in the cerebellum and hippocampus of Pb-exposed rats. These changes were more prominent at PND 35 and greater in hippocampus compared to cerebellum. Among the enzyme activities, Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD showed maximum decrease compared to GPx, CAT, XO, and Cp. Furthermore, 0.02 % calcium supplementation together with 0.2 % Pb significantly reversed the Pb-induced alterations in the enzyme activities, and MDA levels. In conclusion, these data suggest that early life exposure to Pb induce alterations in the mitochondrial antioxidant system of brain regions which remain for long even after Pb exposure has stopped. Calcium supplementation may potentially be beneficial in treating Pb toxicity in the developing rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarami Reddy Gottipolu
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, 517 502
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Aguilar-Dorado IC, Hernández G, Quintanar-Escorza MA, Maldonado-Vega M, Rosas-Flores M, Calderón-Salinas JV. Eryptosis in lead-exposed workers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:195-202. [PMID: 25448684 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eryptosis is a physiological phenomenon in which old and damaged erythrocytes are removed from circulation. Erythrocytes incubated with lead have exhibited major eryptosis. In the present work we found evidence of high levels of eryptosis in lead exposed workers possibly via oxidation. Blood samples were taken from 40 male workers exposed to lead (mean blood lead concentration 64.8μg/dl) and non-exposed workers (4.2μg/dl). The exposure to lead produced an intoxication characterized by 88.3% less δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δALAD) activity in lead exposed workers with respect to non-lead exposed workers. An increment of oxidation in lead exposed workers was characterized by 2.4 times higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) concentration and 32.8% lower reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Oxidative stress in erythrocytes of lead exposed workers is expressed in 192% higher free calcium concentration [Ca(2+)]i and 1.6 times higher μ-calpain activity with respect to non-lead exposed workers. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration was not significantly different between the two worker groups. No externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) was found in non-lead exposed workers (<0.1%), but lead exposed workers showed 2.82% externalization. Lead intoxication induces eryptosis possibly through a molecular pathway that includes oxidation, depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), increment of [Ca(2+)], μ-calpain activation and externalization of PS in erythrocytes. Identifying molecular signals that induce eryptosis in lead intoxication is necessary to understand its physiopathology and chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Hernández
- Section of Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados IPN, México, DF, Mexico
| | | | | | - Margarita Rosas-Flores
- Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados IPN, México, DF, Mexico
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