1
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Frias M, Reynoso S, Rambhia S, Noki G, Olson J, Stoeber B, Trajano HL. Effect of incubation conditions of cellulase hydrolysis on mechanical pulp fibre morphology. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 344:122529. [PMID: 39218551 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical pulp industry is diversifying through the manufacture of high-value paper products, such as microfibrillated cellulose. However, the development of fibre quality is still energy-intensive. Enzymatic hydrolysis is hypothesized to promote fibre cutting, greater fibrillation, and reduce refining energy costs. Despite potential benefits, there is little understanding of the mechanisms behind fibre development during enzymatic hydrolysis of mechanical pulp. This work investigates how incubation pH and temperature during enzymatic hydrolysis impact the refining of mechanical pulp short fibres. Incubation with endoglucanase at pH 5 and 60 °C increased fibre cutting by approximately 20 %. Fibrillation was negatively affected at this condition, resulting in increased slim fines formation with refining. Incubation at pH 8 and 80 °C promoted >15 % reduction in fibre length, despite such conditions being associated with low enzyme activity. The pH variation modified the sedimentation height of the fibres and the conductivity of suspensions, indicating a change in fibre surface charge. Fibre morphology changes were induced by enzyme hydrolysis conducted at conditions representative of the full range of pH and temperature observed in mechanical pulp mills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Frias
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Santiago Reynoso
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico, 06500
| | - Shriya Rambhia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India, 560054
| | - Gloria Noki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - James Olson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Boris Stoeber
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Heather L Trajano
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
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2
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Abdelhamid HN. Nanocellulose-Based Materials for Water Pollutant Removal: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8529. [PMID: 39126097 PMCID: PMC11312605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose in the nano regime, defined as nanocellulose, has been intensively used for water treatment. Nanocellulose can be produced in various forms, including colloidal, water redispersible powders, films, membranes, papers, hydrogels/aerogels, and three-dimensional (3D) objects. They were reported for the removal of water contaminants, e.g., heavy metals, dyes, drugs, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, microbial cells, and other pollutants from water systems. This review summarized the recent technologies for water treatment using nanocellulose-based materials. A scientometric analysis of the topic was also included. Cellulose-based materials enable the removal of water contaminants, and salts offer advanced technologies for water desalination. They are widely used as substrates, adsorbents, and catalysts. They were applied for pollutant removal via several methods such as adsorption, filtration, disinfection, coagulation/flocculation, chemical precipitation, sedimentation, filtration (e.g., ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF)), electrofiltration (electrodialysis), ion-exchange, chelation, catalysis, and photocatalysis. Processing cellulose into commercial products enables the wide use of nanocellulose-based materials as adsorbents and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
- Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Hill R, Phipps J, Greenwood R, Skuse D, Zhang ZJ. The effect of pre-treatment and process conditions on the gas barrier properties of fibrillated cellulose films and coatings: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122085. [PMID: 38710579 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is a bio-material produced by disintegrating cellulose fibres into fibrillar components. MFC could offer a sustainable solution to packaging needs since it can form an excellent barrier to oxygen. However, a comprehensive understanding of how MFC characteristics impact barrier properties of MFC films or coatings is required. This article critically reviews how the extent of separation of fibres into fibrils-and any resulting changes to the crystallinity and degree of polymerisation of cellulose-influences gas barrier properties of MFC films or coatings. Findings from publications investigating the barrier performance of MFC prepared through different processes intending to increase the effectiveness of fibrillation are evaluated and compared. The effects of processing conditions or chemical pre-treatments on barrier properties of MFC films or coatings are then discussed. A comparison of reported results showed that morphology and size polydispersity of the cellulose strongly influence the barrier properties of MFC. However, changing the MFC production process to decrease fibril diameter and polydispersity can result in changes to cellulose crystallinity; reduction in fibril length; introduction of bulky functional groups; or increased fibril surface charge: all of which could have a negative impact on the barrier properties of the final films or coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Hill
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; FiberLean Technologies, Par Moor Road, Par PL24 2SQ, UK.
| | - Jon Phipps
- FiberLean Technologies, Par Moor Road, Par PL24 2SQ, UK.
| | - Richard Greenwood
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - David Skuse
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; FiberLean Technologies, Par Moor Road, Par PL24 2SQ, UK.
| | - Zhenyu Jason Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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4
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Fayzullin I, Gorbachev A, Volfson S, Serikbayev Y, Nakyp A, Akylbekov N. Composite Material Based on Polypropylene and Modified Natural Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1703. [PMID: 38932053 PMCID: PMC11207623 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The work presents the results of a comprehensive study on obtaining compositions based on polypropylene and natural fillers modified by enzymatic preparations under high-shear forces. The experiment protocol includes determining the modification time and the ratio of water volume to the mass of natural filler (hydro modulus) during modification, which turned out to be different for each type of filler. Physical and mechanical analyses were conducted to evaluate the operational characteristics of the obtained composites, with particular attention given to comparing the modified compositions with their unmodified counterparts. The time and hydro module of the enzymatic modification of the natural fillers under consideration were investigated, which turned out to be different for each type of filler. It was found that surface modification of natural fillers improves mechanical properties; namely, the tensile strength of composites with wood and sunflower fillers increases by 10%, and the impact viscosity of composites also increases by 12% with wood and sunflower fillers. Water absorption decreases in composites, after 2 h boiling, with wood flour by 30% and with rice husk by 10%. After a 14-day test at room temperature, water absorption decreases by more than 30% in composites with rice husk. When determining the free surface energy of composites, it was found that the modification of the filler reduces the polarity of the composites in all samples, which can be interpreted as an improvement in the interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix. The findings of this research have important implications for the development of advanced polymeric materials that can be used in a wide range of applications, including automotive, aerospace, and construction industries. The results underscore the importance of surface modifications to optimize the properties of polymeric composites and provide valuable insights into the role of natural fillers in enhancing the performance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnur Fayzullin
- Institute of Polymers, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 K. Marx Str., 420015 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.); (S.V.); (A.N.)
| | - Aleksandr Gorbachev
- Institute of Polymers, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 K. Marx Str., 420015 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.); (S.V.); (A.N.)
| | - Svetoslav Volfson
- Institute of Polymers, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 K. Marx Str., 420015 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.); (S.V.); (A.N.)
| | - Yerbol Serikbayev
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, 29A, Aiteke bi Str., Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan;
| | - Abdirakym Nakyp
- Institute of Polymers, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 K. Marx Str., 420015 Kazan, Russia; (A.G.); (S.V.); (A.N.)
| | - Nurgali Akylbekov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, 29A, Aiteke bi Str., Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan;
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Sun J, Dai L, Lv K, Wen Z, Li Y, Yang D, Yan H, Liu X, Liu C, Li MC. Recent advances in nanomaterial-stabilized pickering foam: Mechanism, classification, properties, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103177. [PMID: 38759448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Pickering foam is a type of foam stabilized by solid particles known as Pickering stabilizers. These solid stabilizers adsorb at the liquid-gas interface, providing superior stability to the foam. Because of its high stability, controllability, versatility, and minimal environmental impact, nanomaterial-stabilized Pickering foam has opened up new possibilities and development prospects for foam applications. This review provides an overview of the current state of development of Pickering foam stabilized by a wide range of nanomaterials, including cellulose nanomaterials, chitin nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles, protein nanoparticles, clay mineral, carbon nanotubes, calcium carbonate nanoparticles, MXene, and graphene oxide nanosheets. Particularly, the preparation and surface modification methods of various nanoparticles, the fundamental properties of nanomaterial-stabilized Pickering foam, and the synergistic effects between nanoparticles and surfactants, functional polymers, and other additives are systematically introduced. In addition, the latest progress in the application of nanomaterial-stabilized Pickering foam in the oil industry, food industry, porous functional material, and foam flotation field is highlighted. Finally, the future prospects of nanomaterial-stabilized Pickering foam in different fields, along with directions for further research and development directions, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Sun
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Liyao Dai
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Kaihe Lv
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhibo Wen
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Yecheng Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Dongqing Yang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaozheng Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
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6
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Zhou T, Choi HW, Jabbour G. Ultrathin Freestanding Nanocellulose Film Prepared from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation and Homogenized Hydrogel. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21798-21804. [PMID: 38799327 PMCID: PMC11112707 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a versatile method to fabricate ultrathin nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) films as thin as 800 nm by blade coating, which is compatible with a roll-to-roll process on a large scale. Our approach allows obtaining a dried nanocellulose film within a span of 1 h subsequent to 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-assisted oxidation and homogenization procedures. One of the thinnest freestanding NFC films with a thickness of 800 nm is achieved using a blade coating of nanocellulose after 72 h of oxidation followed by homogenization with a channel size of 65 μm. Incorporating water-soluble CdTe core-type quantum dots into the nanocellulose film led to a uniform emission under 385 nm UV irradiation, indicating excellent material compatibility. We anticipate nanocellulose developed in our study to be beneficial in biomimicry flying objects, environmentally friendly encapsulation, color filters, and energy storage device membranes, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhou
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, Reno, 1664
N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
- Kaneka
US Material Research Center (KMR), Kaneka
Americas Holding, Inc., 34801 Campus Dr., Fremont, California 94555, United States
| | - Hyung Woo Choi
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, Reno, 1664
N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ghassan Jabbour
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Nevada, Reno, 1664
N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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7
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Chinnappa K, Bai CDG, Srinivasan PP. Nanocellulose-stabilized nanocomposites for effective Hg(II) removal and detection: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30288-30322. [PMID: 38619767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mercury pollution, with India ranked as the world's second-largest emitter, poses a critical environmental and public health challenge and underscores the need for rigorous research and effective mitigation strategies. Nanocellulose is derived from cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, and stands out as an excellent choice for mercury ion remediation due to its remarkable adsorption capacity, which is attributed to its high specific surface area and abundant functional groups, enabling efficient Hg(II) ion removal from contaminated water sources. This review paper investigates the compelling potential of nanocellulose as a scavenging tool for Hg(II) ion contamination. The comprehensive examination encompasses the fundamental attributes of nanocellulose, its diverse fabrication techniques, and the innovative development methods of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites. The paper further delves into the mechanisms that underlie Hg removal using nanocellulose, as well as the integration of nanocellulose in Hg detection methodologies, and also acknowledges the substantial challenges that lie ahead. This review aims to pave the way for sustainable solutions in mitigating Hg contamination using nanocellulose-based nanocomposites to address the global context of this environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chinnappa
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Pandi Prabha Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chennai, 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Costa LR, de Amorim Dos Santos A, Dias MC, Silva LE, Wood DF, Williams TG, Hein PRG, Tonoli GHD. Potential of NIR spectroscopy for predicting cellulose nanofibril quality in commercial bleached Kraft pulp of Eucalyptus. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121802. [PMID: 38286526 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Multivariate models were developed to classify cellulose nanofibril (CNF) fibrillation by a quality index from near infrared (NIR) spectra. Commercial pulps of Eucalyptus spp. were used to produce cellulose nanofibrils by means of a fibrillator mill. After each of the five passes through the mill, samples were collected and analyzed for energy consumption and fiber classification. As a standard, pulps were oxidized with TEMPO reagent followed by a single pass through the mill to compare the resulting quality of CNFs produced by each method. NIR spectra of CNFs were associated with quality indices determined by conventional laboratory analyses that included morphology, turbidity, mechanical properties, X-ray diffraction and quality index measurements. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to the spectral and experimental data. Fibrillator milling to obtain CNFs was efficient and resulted in gel formation following the third pass through the mill. NIR spectroscopy combined with PLS-DA was used successfully to create a model to classify quality of CNFs with 96 % certainty in 3 wt% solutions. These findings suggest that NIR spectroscopy holds promise for estimating CNF quality in suspension, particularly in real-time industrial applications where reliable estimates are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Ribeiro Costa
- Secretary of State for Environment and Sustainable Development by Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiz Eduardo Silva
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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9
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Sonyeam J, Chaipanya R, Suksomboon S, Khan MJ, Amatariyakul K, Wibowo A, Posoknistakul P, Charnnok B, Liu CG, Laosiripojana N, Sakdaronnarong C. Process design for acidic and alcohol based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and high pressure homogenization of palm bunches for nanocellulose production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7550. [PMID: 38555319 PMCID: PMC10981746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study on nanocellulose production from palm bunch using process design and cost analysis. Choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment was selected for high-purity cellulose separation at mild condition, followed by nano-fibrillation using mechanical treatment. Three types of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents employing different hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) namely lactic acid, 1,3-butanediol and oxalic acid were studied. The optimal cellulose extraction condition was choline chloride/lactic acid (ChLa80C) pretreatment of palm empty bunch at 80 °C followed by bleaching yielding 94.96%w/w cellulose content in product. Size reduction using ultrasonication and high-pressure homogenization produced nanocellulose at 67.12%w/w based on cellulose in raw material. Different morphologies of nanocellulose were tunable in the forms of nanocrystals, nano-rods and nanofibers by using dissimilar deep eutectic solvents. This work offered a sustainable and environmentally friendly process as well as provided analysis of DES pretreatment and overview operating cost for nanocellulose production. Application of nanocellulose for the fabrication of highly functional and biodegradable material for nanomedicine, electronic, optical, and micromechanical devices is achievable in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janejira Sonyeam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ratanaporn Chaipanya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Suksomboon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Amatariyakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Agung Wibowo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Posoknistakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Boonya Charnnok
- Department of Specialized Engineering, Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Chen Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mot, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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10
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Zhang Z, Kong Y, Gao J, Han X, Lian Z, Liu J, Wang WJ, Yang X. Engineering strong man-made cellulosic fibers: a review of the wet spinning process based on cellulose nanofibrils. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38465763 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
With the goal of sustainable development, manufacturing continuous high-performance fibers based on sustainable resources is an emerging research direction. However, compared to traditional synthetic fibers, plant fibers have limited length/diameter and uncontrollable natural defects, while regenerated cellulose fibers such as viscose and Lyocell suffer from inferior mechanical properties. Wet-spun fibers based on nanocelluloses especially cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) offer superior mechanical performance since CNFs are the fundamental high-performance building blocks of plant cell walls. This review aims to summarize the progress of making CNF wet-spun fibers, emphasizing on the whole wet spinning process including spinning suspension preparation, spinning, coagulation, washing, drying and post-stretching steps. By establishing the relationships between the nano-scale assembling structure and the macroscopic changes in the CNF dope from gels to dried fibers, effective methods and strategies to improve the mechanical properties of the final fibers are analyzed and proposed. Based on this, the opportunities and challenges for potential industrial-scale production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Zechun Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P.R. China
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11
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Liu Y, Liu H, Guo S, Zhao Y, Qi J, Zhang R, Ren J, Cheng H, Zong M, Wu X, Li B. A review of carbon nanomaterials/bacterial cellulose composites for nanomedicine applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121445. [PMID: 37940307 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) mainly include fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamonds, and their derivatives. As a new type of material in the field of nanomaterials, it has outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as minor size effects, substantial specific surface area, extremely high reaction activity, biocompatibility, and chemical stability, which have attracted widespread attention in the medical community in the past decade. However, the single use of carbon nanomaterials has problems such as self-aggregation and poor water solubility. Researchers have recently combined them with bacterial cellulose to form a new intelligent composite material to improve the defects of carbon nanomaterials. This composite material has been widely synthesized and used in targeted drug delivery, biosensors, antibacterial dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and other nanomedicine fields. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of carbon nanomaterials based on bacterial cellulose in nanomedicine. In addition, the potential cytotoxicity of these composite materials and their components in vitro and in vivo was discussed, as well as the challenges and gaps that need to be addressed in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Susu Guo
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianing Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaiyi Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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12
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Mazega A, Signori-Iamin G, Aguado RJ, Tarrés Q, Ramos LP, Delgado-Aguilar M. Enzymatic pretreatment for cellulose nanofiber production: Understanding morphological changes and predicting reducing sugar concentration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127054. [PMID: 37769759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic pretreatment plays a crucial role in producing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) before fibrillation. While previous studies have explored how treatment severity affects CNF characteristics, there remains a lack of suitable parameters to monitor real-time enzymatic processes and fully comprehend the link between enzymatic action, fibrillation, and CNF properties. This study focuses on evaluating the impact of enzyme charge (using a monocomponent endoglucanase) and treatment time on cellulose fiber morphology and reducing sugar generation. For the first time, a random forest (RF) model is developed to predict reducing sugar concentration based on easily measurable process conditions (e.g., stirrer power consumption) and fiber/suspension characteristics like fines content and apparent viscosity. Polarized light optical microscopy was found to be a suitable technique to evaluate the morphological changes that fibers experience during enzymatic pretreatment. The research also revealed that endoglucanases initially induce surface fibrillation, releasing fine fibers into the suspension, followed by fiber swelling and shortening. Furthermore, the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on resulting CNF characteristics was studied at two fibrillation intensities, indicating that a high enzyme charge and short treatment times (e.g., 90 min) are sufficient to produce CNFs with a nanofibrillation yield of 19-23 % and a cationic demand ranging from 220 to 275 μeq/g. This work introduces a well-modeled enzymatic pretreatment process, unlocking its potential and reducing uncertainties for future upscaling endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mazega
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Giovana Signori-Iamin
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto J Aguado
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Luiz P Ramos
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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13
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Jing S, Wu L, Siciliano AP, Chen C, Li T, Hu L. The Critical Roles of Water in the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Nanocellulose. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22196-22226. [PMID: 37934794 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The cellulose industry depends heavily on water owing to the hydrophilic nature of cellulose fibrils and its potential for sustainable and innovative production methods. The emergence of nanocellulose, with its excellent properties, and the incorporation of nanomaterials have garnered significant attention. At the nanoscale level, nanocellulose offers a higher exposure of hydroxyl groups, making it more intimate with water than micro- and macroscale cellulose fibers. Gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between nanocellulose and water holds the potential to reduce production costs and provide valuable insights into designing functional nanocellulose-based materials. In this review, water molecules interacting with nanocellulose are classified into free water (FW) and bound water (BW), based on their interaction forces with surface hydroxyls and their mobility in different states. In addition, the water-holding capacity of cellulosic materials and various water detection methods are also discussed. The review also examines water-utilization and water-removal methods in the fabrication, dispersion, and transport of nanocellulose, aiming to elucidate the challenges and tradeoffs in these processes while minimizing energy and time costs. Furthermore, the influence of water on nanocellulose properties, including mechanical properties, ion conductivity, and biodegradability, are discussed. Finally, we provide our perspective on the challenges and opportunities in developing nanocellulose and its interplay with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lianping Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Amanda P Siciliano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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14
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Huynh N, Valle-Delgado JJ, Fang W, Arola S, Österberg M. Tuning the water interactions of cellulose nanofibril hydrogels using willow bark extract. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121095. [PMID: 37364945 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are increasingly used as precursors for foams, films and composites, where water interactions are of great importance. In this study, we used willow bark extract (WBE), an underrated natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds, as a plant-based modifier for CNF hydrogels, without compromising their mechanical properties. We found that the introduction of WBE into both native, mechanically fibrillated CNFs and TEMPO-oxidized CNFs increased considerably the storage modulus of the hydrogels and reduced their swelling ratio in water up to 5-7 times. A detailed chemical analysis revealed that WBE is composed of several phenolic compounds in addition to potassium salts. Whereas the salt ions reduced the repulsion between fibrils and created denser CNF networks, the phenolic compounds - which adsorbed readily on the cellulose surfaces - played an important role in assisting the flowability of the hydrogels at high shear strains by reducing the flocculation tendency, often observed in pure and salt-containing CNFs, and contributed to the structural integrity of the CNF network in aqueous environment. Surprisingly, the willow bark extract exhibited hemolysis activity, which highlights the importance of more thorough investigations of biocompatibility of natural materials. WBE shows great potential for managing the water interactions of CNF-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Huynh
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Wenwen Fang
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Suvi Arola
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Sustainable Products and Materials, Functional Cellulose Team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- FinnCERES Materials Bioeconomy Cluster, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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15
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Alvi NUH, Mulla MY, Abitbol T, Fall A, Beni V. The Fast and One-Step Growth of ZnO Nanorods on Cellulose Nanofibers for Highly Sensitive Photosensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2611. [PMID: 37764641 PMCID: PMC10538090 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant organic material on our planet which has a key role in our daily life (e.g., paper, packaging). In recent years, the need for replacing fossil-based materials has expanded the application of cellulose and cellulose derivatives including into electronics and sensing. The combination of nanostructures with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) is expected to create new opportunities for the development of innovative electronic devices. In this paper, we report on a single-step process for the low temperature (<100 °C), environmentally friendly, and fully scalable CNF-templated highly dense growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs). More specifically, the effect of the degree of substitution of the CNF (enzymatic CNFs and carboxymethylated CNFs with two different substitution levels) on the ZnO growth and the application of the developed ZnO NRs/CNF nanocomposites in the development of UV sensors is reported herein. The results of this investigation show that the growth and nature of ZnO NRs are strongly dependent on the charge of the CNFs; high charge promotes nanorod growth whereas with low charge, ZnO isotropic microstructures are created that are not attached to the CNFs. Devices manufactured via screen printing/drop-casting of the ZnO NRs/CNF nanocomposites demonstrate a good photo-sensing response with a very stable UV-induced photocurrent of 25.84 µA. This also exhibits excellent long-term stability with fast ON/OFF switching performance under the irradiance of a UV lamp (15 W).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ul Hassan Alvi
- Smart Hardware, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Södra Grytsgatan 4, Plan2, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Smart Hardware, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Södra Grytsgatan 4, Plan2, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Smart Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy & Health, Drottning Kristinas Väg 61B, 114-28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Fall
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Smart Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy & Health, Drottning Kristinas Väg 61B, 114-28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerio Beni
- Smart Hardware, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Södra Grytsgatan 4, Plan2, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
- Digital Cellulose Center, 602-33 Norrköping, Sweden
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16
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Yu S, Guo Z, Zhou Y, Li C. Research progress of MOFs/carbon nanocomposites on promoting ORR in microbial fuel cell cathodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93422-93434. [PMID: 37561294 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy, energy demand is more urgent. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the advantages of non-toxic, safety, and environmental protection, and are considered the ideal choice for the next generation of energy storage equipment. However, the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on MFC air cathodes and the high cost of traditional platinum (Pt) catalysts hinder their practical application, so there is a need to develop efficient, low-cost, and stable electrocatalysts as alternatives. Recently, metal-organic framework (MOFs) has attracted wide attention in electrocatalysis. Electrocatalysts prepared by the nanocomposite of MOFs and carbon nanomaterials have multiple advantages, such as adjustable chemical properties, high specific surface area, and good electrical conductivity, which have been proven to be a promising electrocatalytic material. In this paper, the latest research progress of metal-organic frames (MOFs) and carbon nanocomposites is reviewed, and the preparation methods and modification of MOFs and carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene composites are introduced, respectively, as well as their applications in MFC cathode. Finally, the main prospects of MOFs/carbon nanocomposite catalysts are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Yu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
- Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center in Universities of Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
- Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center in Universities of Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Congju Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center in Universities of Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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17
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Sofiah AGN, Pasupuleti J, Samykano M, Kadirgama K, Koh SP, Tiong SK, Pandey AK, Yaw CT, Natarajan SK. Harnessing Nature's Ingenuity: A Comprehensive Exploration of Nanocellulose from Production to Cutting-Edge Applications in Engineering and Sciences. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3044. [PMID: 37514434 PMCID: PMC10385464 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary material supply is the heart of engineering and sciences. The depletion of natural resources and an increase in the human population by a billion in 13 to 15 years pose a critical concern regarding the sustainability of these materials; therefore, functionalizing renewable materials, such as nanocellulose, by possibly exploiting their properties for various practical applications, has been undertaken worldwide. Nanocellulose has emerged as a dominant green natural material with attractive and tailorable physicochemical properties, is renewable and sustainable, and shows biocompatibility and tunable surface properties. Nanocellulose is derived from cellulose, the most abundant polymer in nature with the remarkable properties of nanomaterials. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the methods used for nanocellulose preparation, structure-property and structure-property correlations, and the application of nanocellulose and its nanocomposite materials. This article differentiates the classification of nanocellulose, provides a brief account of the production methods that have been developed for isolating nanocellulose, highlights a range of unique properties of nanocellulose that have been extracted from different kinds of experiments and studies, and elaborates on nanocellulose potential applications in various areas. The present review is anticipated to provide the readers with the progress and knowledge related to nanocellulose. Pushing the boundaries of nanocellulose further into cutting-edge applications will be of particular interest in the future, especially as cost-effective commercial sources of nanocellulose continue to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadeesh Pasupuleti
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Samykano
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Kumaran Kadirgama
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siaw Paw Koh
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kieh Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adarsh Kumar Pandey
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Transdiciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Chong Tak Yaw
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sendhil Kumar Natarajan
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, University of Puducherry, Karaikal 609609, India
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18
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Wang Y, Liu H, Ji X, Wang Q, Tian Z, Fatehi P. Production of nanocellulose using acidic deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and carboxylic acids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125227. [PMID: 37290548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanocellulose production processes with numerous merits of green, eco-friendly, and cost-effective are in urgent need. Acidic deep eutectic solvent (ADES), as an emerging green solvent, has been widely applied in the preparation of nanocellulose over the past few years, owing to its unique advantages, including non-toxicity, low cost, easy synthesis, recyclability, and biodegradability. At present, several studies have explored the effectiveness of ADESs in nanocellulose production, particularly those based on choline chloride (ChCl) and carboxylic acids. Various acidic deep eutectic solvents have been employed, with representative ones such as ChCl-oxalic/lactic/formic/acetic/citric/maleic/levulinic/tartaric acid. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the latest progress of these ADESs, focusing on the treatment procedures and key superiorities. In addition, the challenges and outlooks of ChCl/carboxylic acids-based DESs implementation in the fabrication of nanocellulose were discussed. Finally, some suggestions were proposed to advance the industrialization of nanocellulose, which would help for the roadmap of sustainable and large-scale production of nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Zhongjian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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19
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Li J, Alamdari NE, Aksoy B, Parit M, Jiang Z. Integrated enzyme hydrolysis assisted cellulose nanofibril (CNF) fabrication: A sustainable approach to paper mill sludge (PMS) management. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:138966. [PMID: 37220796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The landfilling of paper mill sludge (PMS) has been restricted or even banned in many countries due to the raised concern about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contamination of the soil and water, calling for a sustainable PMS management approach. The potential valorization of PMS to nanomaterials combined with traditional biorefinery was examined in this work. Three types of PMS-derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared and evaluated: enzymatically assisted CNF (AU: with in-house produced enzyme and CT: with commercial enzyme), mechanically pretreated CNF (BT), and chemically pretreated CNF by TEMPO oxidation (TEMPO). It was found that enzyme-assisted mechanical fibrillation-derived CNFs had a comparable average diameter (27.9 nm for AU and 22.7 nm for CT) with that produced from mechanical pretreatment (26.5 nm for BT) and TEMPO oxidation pretreatment (20.0 nm for TEMPO), and they showed the best drainage properties among the three types of CNF. The CNFs resulting from enzymatic pretreatment reduced 15% of energy consumption compared to the mechanical method and had better thermostability than TEMPO oxidation method. In addition, the on-site produced enzyme showed similar performance to the commercial enzymes towards the CNF properties. These findings provide new insights into a promising integrated strategy in engineering CNF from PMS with on-site enzyme production as a novel and sustainable approach for PMS management and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Navid E Alamdari
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Burak Aksoy
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Mahesh Parit
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States.
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20
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Berto GL, Mattos BD, Velasco J, Zhao B, Segato F, Rojas OJ, Arantes V. Endoglucanase effects on energy consumption in mechanical fibrillation of cellulose fibers into nanocelluloses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125002. [PMID: 37217053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic processing is seen as a promising means of moving toward environment-friendly industrial processes such as the use of endoglucanase (EG) enzyme in the production of nanocellulose. However, the properties that make EG pretreatment effective in the isolation of fibrillated cellulose remain a subject of debate. To address this issue, we considered EGs from four glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families (5, 6, 7 and 12) and investigated the roles of the tri-dimensional structures and catalytic features depending on the presence of a carbohydrate binding module (CBM). By using eucalyptus Kraft wood fibers, we produced cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) using mild enzymatic pretreatment followed by disc ultra-refining. Compared with the control (in the absence of pretreatment), the GH5 and GH12 enzymes (CBM free) reduced the fibrillation energy by approximately 15 %. The most efficient energy reduction, 25 and 32 %, was achieved with GH5 and GH6 linked to CBM, respectively. They improved the rheological properties of the CNF suspensions (noting that neither of these EGs released soluble products). Interestingly, while the hydrolytic activity was significant (released soluble products), GH7-CBM did not lead to a reduction in fibrillation energy. Hence, the large molecular weight and wide cleft of GH7-CBM led to soluble sugar release but contributed little to fibrillation. Our findings suggest that the improved fibrillation observed upon EG pretreatment is not a consequence of hydrolytic activity or release of products but mostly related to efficient adsorption on the substrate and modification of the surface viscoelastic (amorphogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L Berto
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Bruno D Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Josman Velasco
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP 12602-810, Brazil.
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21
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Kurtuluş OÇ, Ondaral S, Emin N, Aşikuzun E. Different amount of carboxyl-aldehyde fractionated nanofibril cellulose and main characteristics of chitosan, gelatin, alginate added composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124824. [PMID: 37178884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research, two different types of nanofibrillated celluloses (NFCs) having different amounts of aldehyde and carboxyl groups were mixed with chitosan (CH), gelatin (GL), and alginate (AL) with different mixing ratios to produce biocomposite aerogels. There was no related study in the literature about producing aerogels with the addition of NC and mentioning biopolymers in addition to the effect of carboxyl and aldehyde fraction of the main matrix NC on composite properties. For this purpose, the main aim of this study was to investigate how carboxyl and aldehyde groups affect the basic characteristics of NFC-biopolymer based materials addition to efficiency of biopolymer amount in main matrix. Even after preparing homogenous NC-biopolymer compositions at 1 % concentration with varied proportions (75 %-25 %, 50 %-50 %, 25 %-75 %, 100 %), aerogels were still made using the fundamentally easy lyophilization procedure. Porosity values for NC-Chitosan (NC/CH) based aerogels range from 97.85 to 99.84 %, whereas those made from NC-Gelatin (NC/GL) and NC-Alginate (NC-AL) have values of 99.2-99.8 % and 98.47 to 99.7 %, respectively. In addition, densities were determined in the range of 0.01 g/cm3 for both NC-CH and NC-GL composites, but higher values were obtained in ranged between 0.01 and 0.03 g/cm3 for NC-AL samples. The crystallinity index values showed a decreasing trend with the addition of biopolymers into NC composition. SEM images showed that all materials have a porous micro structure with different size pores and homogenous surface topography. As a result of the specified tests, these materials can be used in many different industrial applications, such as dust collectors, liquid adsorbers, specific material for packaging and medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orçun Çağlar Kurtuluş
- Kastamonu University, Department of Material and Materials Processing Technologies, 37300 Tosya, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Ondaral
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Forest Products Engineering, 61000 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nuray Emin
- Kastamonu University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Elif Aşikuzun
- Kastamonu University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey
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22
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Benselfelt T, Kummer N, Nordenström M, Fall AB, Nyström G, Wågberg L. The Colloidal Properties of Nanocellulose. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201955. [PMID: 36650954 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses are anisotropic nanoparticles of semicrystalline assemblies of glucan polymers. They have great potential as renewable building blocks in the materials platform of a more sustainable society. As a result, the research on nanocellulose has grown exponentially over the last decades. To fully utilize the properties of nanocelluloses, a fundamental understanding of their colloidal behavior is necessary. As elongated particles with dimensions in a critical nanosize range, their colloidal properties are complex, with several behaviors not covered by classical theories. In this comprehensive Review, we describe the most prominent colloidal behaviors of nanocellulose by combining experimental data and theoretical descriptions. We discuss the preparation and characterization of nanocellulose dispersions, how they form networks at low concentrations, how classical theories cannot describe their behavior, and how they interact with other colloids. We then show examples of how scientists can use this fundamental knowledge to control the assembly of nanocellulose into new materials with exceptional properties. We hope aspiring and established researchers will use this Review as a guide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benselfelt
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nico Kummer
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Malin Nordenström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhao J, Yuan X, Wu X, Liu L, Guo H, Xu K, Zhang L, Du G. Preparation of Nanocellulose-Based Aerogel and Its Research Progress in Wastewater Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083541. [PMID: 37110772 PMCID: PMC10144172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the fast expansion of the economy and industry results in a considerable volume of wastewater being released, severely affecting water quality and the environment. It has a significant influence on the biological environment, both terrestrial and aquatic plant and animal life, and human health. Therefore, wastewater treatment is a global issue of great concern. Nanocellulose's hydrophilicity, easy surface modification, rich functional groups, and biocompatibility make it a candidate material for the preparation of aerogels. The third generation of aerogel is a nanocellulose-based aerogel. It has unique advantages such as a high specific surface area, a three-dimensional structure, is biodegradable, has a low density, has high porosity, and is renewable. It has the opportunity to replace traditional adsorbents (activated carbon, activated zeolite, etc.). This paper reviews the fabrication of nanocellulose-based aerogels. The preparation process is divided into four main steps: the preparation of nanocellulose, gelation of nanocellulose, solvent replacement of nanocellulose wet gel, and drying of nanocellulose wet aerogel. Furthermore, the research progress of the application of nanocellulose-based aerogels in the adsorption of dyes, heavy metal ions, antibiotics, organic solvents, and oil-water separation is reviewed. Finally, the development prospects and future challenges of nanocellulose-based aerogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xushuo Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Li Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Kaimeng Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Guanben Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Syamsir A, Ean LW, Asyraf MRM, Supian ABM, Madenci E, Özkılıç YO, Aksoylu C. Recent Advances of GFRP Composite Cross Arms in Energy Transmission Tower: A Short Review on Design Improvements and Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2778. [PMID: 37049072 PMCID: PMC10095936 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer (pGFRP) composites have been extensively applied as cross-arm structures in latticed transmission towers. These materials were chosen for their high strength-to-weight ratio and lightweight characteristics. Nevertheless, several researchers have discovered that several existing composite cross arms can decline in performance, which leads to composite failure due to creep, torsional movement, buckling, moisture, significant temperature change, and other environmental factors. This leads to the composite structure experiencing a reduced service life. To resolve this problem, several researchers have proposed to implement composite cross arms with sleeve installation, an addition of bracing systems, and the inclusion of pGFRP composite beams with the core structure in order to have a sustainable composite structure. The aforementioned improvements in these composite structures provide superior performance under mechanical duress by having better stiffness, superiority in flexural behaviour, enhanced energy absorption, and improved load-carrying capacity. Even though there is a deficiency in the previous literature on this matter, several established works on the enhancement of composite cross-arm structures and beams have been applied. Thus, this review articles delivers on a state-of-the-art review on the design improvement and mechanical properties of composite cross-arm structures in experimental and computational simulation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agusril Syamsir
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Woen Ean
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty Mechanical of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Mohd Supian
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Emrah Madenci
- Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ceyhun Aksoylu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Konya Technical University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
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25
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Österberg M, Henn KA, Farooq M, Valle-Delgado JJ. Biobased Nanomaterials─The Role of Interfacial Interactions for Advanced Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2200-2241. [PMID: 36720130 PMCID: PMC9999428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances regarding biomass-based nanomaterials, focusing on their surface interactions. Plant biomass-based nanoparticles, like nanocellulose and lignin from industry side streams, hold great potential for the development of lightweight, functional, biodegradable, or recyclable material solutions for a sustainable circular bioeconomy. However, to obtain optimal properties of the nanoparticles and materials made thereof, it is crucial to control the interactions both during particle production and in applications. Herein we focus on the current understanding of these interactions. Solvent interactions during particle formation and production, as well as interactions with water, polymers, cells and other components in applications, are addressed. We concentrate on cellulose and lignin nanomaterials and their combination. We demonstrate how the surface chemistry of the nanomaterials affects these interactions and how excellent performance is only achieved when the interactions are controlled. We furthermore introduce suitable methods for probing interactions with nanomaterials, describe their advantages and challenges, and introduce some less commonly used methods and discuss their possible applications to gain a deeper understanding of the interfacial chemistry of biobased nanomaterials. Finally, some gaps in current understanding and interesting emerging research lines are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - K Alexander Henn
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
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26
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Yang X, Li L, Nishiyama Y, Reid MS, Berglund LA. Processing strategy for reduced energy demand of nanostructured CNF/clay composites with tailored interfaces. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120788. [PMID: 37059528 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Nacre-mimicking nanocomposites based on colloidal cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and clay nanoparticles show excellent mechanical properties, yet processing typically involves preparation of two colloids followed by a mixing step, which is time- and energy-consuming. In this study, a facile preparation method using low energy kitchen blenders is reported in which CNF disintegration, clay exfoliation and mixing carried out in one step. Compared to composites made from the conventional method, the energy demand is reduced by about 97 %; the composites also show higher strength and work to fracture. Colloidal stability, CNF/clay nanostructure, and CNF/clay orientation are well characterized. The results suggest favorable effects from hemicellulose-rich, negatively charged pulp fibers and corresponding CNFs. CNF disintegration and colloidal stability are facilitated with substantial CNF/clay interfacial interaction. The results show a more sustainable and industrially relevant processing concept for strong CNF/clay nanocomposites.
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Mnasri A, Khiari R, Dhaouadi H, Halila S, Mauret E. Acidic and alkaline deep eutectic solvents pre-treatment to produce high aspect ratio microfibrillated cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128312. [PMID: 36372384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights the microfibrillation potential of three deep eutectic solvents (DES) composed of betaine hydrochloride-urea, choline chloride-urea and choline chloride-monoethanolamine. Cellulose fibres (eucalyptus and cotton) were first treated in DES (100 °C for 4 h) and then ground with an ultra-fine grinder to produce microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). DES pre-treatment especially betaine hydrochloride-urea system has significantly improved the microfibrillation process with reduced energy consumption comparable to that of enzymatic treatment (reference pre-treatment). Long and thin microfibril bundles (widths around 50 nm) and individualised microfibrils (widths between 5 and 10 nm) were obtained. MFC gels and nanopapers were characterised using several techniques. Nanopapers produced from DES treated MFC showed good mechanical properties with Young's modulus higher than 10 GPa. In addition, they exhibited higher quality index (between 73 and 76) than those produced from enzymatic hydrolysis (quality index around 68). DES pre-treatment is a promising way to produce MFC with high aspect ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Mnasri
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Process (LCE2P-LR21ES04), 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ramzi Khiari
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Process (LCE2P-LR21ES04), 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Ksar Hellal, Department of Textile, Ksar Hellal, Tunisia.
| | - Hatem Dhaouadi
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Process (LCE2P-LR21ES04), 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sami Halila
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Evelyne Mauret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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28
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Tong X, He Z, Zheng L, Pande H, Ni Y. Enzymatic treatment processes for the production of cellulose nanomaterials: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120199. [PMID: 36876810 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years because of their unique properties. Commercial or semi-commercial production of nanocellulose has been reported in recent years. Mechanical treatments for nanocellulose production are viable but highly energy-intensive. Chemical processes are well reported; however, these chemical processes are not only costly, but also cause environmental concerns and end-use related challenges. This review summarizes recent researches on enzymatic treatment of cellulose fibers for the production of cellulose nanomaterials, with focus on novel enzymatic processes with xylanase and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) to enhance the efficacy of cellulase. Different enzymes are discussed, including endoglucanase, exoglucanase and xylanase, as well as LPMO, with emphasis on the accessibility and hydrolytic specificity of LPMO enzymes to cellulose fiber structures. LPMO acts in a synergistic way with cellulase to cause significant physical and chemical changes to the cellulose fiber cell-wall structures, which facilitate the nano-fibrillation of the fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada; Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Zhibin He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada.
| | - Linqiang Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada
| | - Harshad Pande
- Domtar Corporation, 395 Blvd Maisonneuve West, Montreal, PQ H3A 1L6, Canada
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada
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29
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Najahi A, Tarrés Q, Mutjé P, Delgado-Aguilar M, Putaux JL, Boufi S. Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Date Palm Waste: Preparation, Characterization, and Reinforcing Potential. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010126. [PMID: 36616036 PMCID: PMC9824203 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) have emerged as a new class of nanocelluloses where the presence of residual lignin is expected to impart additional attributes such as hydrophobicity or UV-absorption. In the present work, LCNFs with a lignin content between 7 and 15 wt% were prepared via a TEMPO-mediated oxidation as chemical pretreatment followed by high-pressure homogenization. The impact of the carboxyl content (CC) on the properties of the resulting LCNF gel, in terms of lignin content, colloidal properties, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability, were investigated. It was found that lignin content was significantly decreased at increasing CC. In addition, CC had a positive effect on colloidal stability and water contact angle, as well as resulting in smaller fibrils. This lower size, together with the lower lignin content, resulted in a slightly lower thermal stability. The reinforcing potential of the LCNFs when incorporated into a ductile polymer matrix was also explored by preparing nanocomposite films with different LCNF contents that were mechanically tested under linear and non-linear regimes by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. For comparison purposes, the reinforcing effect of the LCNFs with lignin-free CNFs was also reported based on literature data. It was found that lignin hinders the network-forming capacity of LCNFs, as literature data shows a higher reinforcing potential of lignin-free CNFs. Nonetheless, the tensile strength of the acrylic matrix was enhanced by 10-fold at 10 wt% of LCNF content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Najahi
- LMSE, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax BP 802–3018, Tunisia
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61–17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61–17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61–17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sami Boufi
- LMSE, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax BP 802–3018, Tunisia
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30
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Dufresne A. Preparation and Applications of Cellulose Nanomaterials. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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31
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Wang X, Zeng J, Zhu J. Morphological and rheological properties of cellulose nanofibrils prepared by post-fibrillation endoglucanase treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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32
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Zhou J, Fang Z, Chen K, Cui J, Yang D, Qiu X. Improving the degree of polymerization of cellulose nanofibers by largely preserving native structure of wood fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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33
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Lignocellulosic nanomaterials production from wheat straw via peracetic acid pretreatment and their application in plastic composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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High Content Microfibrillated Cellulose Suspensions Produced from Deep Eutectic Solvents Treated Fibres Using Twin-Screw Extruder. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Razzak A, Khiari R, Moussaoui Y, Belgacem MN. Cellulose Nanofibers from Schinus molle: Preparation and Characterization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196738. [PMID: 36235273 PMCID: PMC9572333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Schinus molle (SM) was investigated as a primary source of cellulose with the aim of discovering resources to generate cellulose nanofibers (CNF). The SM was put through a soda pulping process to purify the cellulose, and then, the fiber was treated with an enzymatic treatment. Then, a twin-screw extruder and/or masuko were utilized to help with fiber delamination during the nanofibrillation process. After the enzymatic treatment, the twin-screw extruder and masuko treatment give a yield of 49.6 and 50.2%, respectively. The optical and atomic force microscopy, morfi, and polymerization degrees of prepared cellulosic materials were established. The pulp fibers, collected following each treatment stage, demonstrated that fiber characteristics such as length and crystallinity varied according to the used treatment (mechanical or enzymatic treatment). Obviously, the enzymic treatment resulted in shorter fibers and an increased degree of polymerization. However, the CNF obtained after enzymatic and extrusion treatment was achieved, and it gave 19 nm as the arithmetic width and a Young's modulus of 8.63 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Razzak
- Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water, and Energy (LR21ES15), Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
- Facultyof Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Ramzi Khiari
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Process (LCE2P-LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
- Department of Textile, Higher Institute of Technological Studies (ISET) of Ksar-Hellal, Ksar-Hellal 5070, Tunisia
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Younes Moussaoui
- Facultyof Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory (LR17ES08), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
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36
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Zhang S, Vanessa C, Khan A, Ali N, Malik S, Shah S, Bilal M, Yang Y, Akhter MS, Iqbal HMN. Prospecting cellulose fibre-reinforced composite membranes for sustainable remediation and mitigation of emerging contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135291. [PMID: 35760128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants caused by uncontrolled urbanization and rapid industrial growth have provoked serious concerns worldwide. These pollutants, including toxic metals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and petroleum hydrocarbons, unenviably compromise the water quality and manifest a severe menace to aquatic entities and human beings. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to acquaint bio-nanocomposites with the capability to remove and decontaminate this extensive range of emerging pollutants. Recently, considerable emphasis has been devoted to developing low-cost novel materials obtained from natural resources accompanied by minimal toxicity to the environment. One such component is cellulose, naturally the most abundant organic polymer found in nature. Given bio-renewable sources, natural abundance, and impressive nanofibril arrangement, cellulose-reinforced composites are widely engineered and utilized for multiple applications, such as wastewater decontamination, energy storage devices, drug delivery systems, paper and pulp industries, construction industries, and adhesives, etc. Environmental remediation prospective is among the fascinating application of these cellulose-reinforced composites. This review discusses the structural attributes of cellulose, types of cellulose fibrils-based nano-biocomposites, preparatory techniques, and the potential of cellulose-based composites to remediate a diverse array of organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - ChansaKayeye Vanessa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Sumeet Malik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Shah
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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Valuable aramid/cellulose nanofibers derived from recycled resources for reinforcing carbon fiber/phenolic composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119712. [PMID: 35725188 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The scale-up preparation of aramid nanofiber (ANF) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), still faces serious challenges such as extreme production cost and lengthy preparation cycle. Herein, a feasible top-down strategy was proposed to achieve the efficient reclamation of waste resources, further realizing the large-scale production of high value-added nanofibers. The ANF/CNF as nanoscale building blocks and their reinforcement effects on the mechanical performances of carbon fiber/phenolic composites were investigated. Related strength and modulus of ANF/CNF-enhanced composites in the tensile, bending, shear and nano indentation tests, increased by 118.1% (tensile strength), 141.2% (tensile modulus), 142.2% (flexural strength), 354.4% (flexural modulus), 38.8% (shear strength) and 94.4% (elastic modulus), respectively. Our work offers a valuable reference in the fabrication of low-cost ANF/CNF derived from waste resources, which would facilitate the wide application of nanofibers in fabricating high-performance advanced functional materials.
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Ku TH, Nakatsubo F, Kuboki T, Yano H, Abe K. Hindrance to nanofibrillation of undried pulp produced by the kraft cooking process. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vera-Loor A, Rigou P, Marlin N, Mortha G, Dufresne A. Oxidation treatments to convert paper-grade Eucalyptus kraft pulp into microfibrillated cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Gupta S, Martoïa F, Dumont P, Orgéas L. Rheology of concentrated and highly concentrated enzymatic cellulose nanofibril hydrogels during lubricated compression. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Yuan Z, Xu X, Xu J, Zhu D, Liu J, Liu H. Emulsifying properties of homogenized soybean hull suspensions as stabilizers for Oil/Water emulsions. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
- Grain and Cereal Food Bio‐efficient Transformation Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province Jinzhou 121013 China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shandong Yuwang Ecogical Food Industry Co. Ltd. Yucheng 251200 China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
- Grain and Cereal Food Bio‐efficient Transformation Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province Jinzhou 121013 China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products Jinzhou 121013 China
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Rai R, Dhar P. Biomedical engineering aspects of nanocellulose: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:362001. [PMID: 35576914 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6fef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable biopolymer in nature and is present as major constituent in both plant cell walls as well as synthesized by some microorganisms as extracellular products. In both the systems, cellulose self-assembles into a hierarchical ordered architecture to form micro to nano-fibrillated structures, on basis of which it is classified into various forms. Nanocellulose (NCs) exist as rod-shaped highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibers, micro-fibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose (BC), depending upon the origin, structural and morphological properties. Moreover, NCs have been processed into diversified products ranging from composite films, coatings, hydrogels, aerogels, xerogels, organogels, rheological modifiers, optically active birefringent colored films using traditional-to-advanced manufacturing techniques. With such versatility in structure-property, NCs have profound application in areas of healthcare, packaging, cosmetics, energy, food, electronics, bioremediation, and biomedicine with promising commercial potential. Herein this review, we highlight the recent advancements in synthesis, fabrication, processing of NCs, with strategic chemical modification routes to tailor its properties for targeted biomedical applications. We also study the basic mechanism and models for biosynthesis of cellulose in both plant and microbial systems and understand the structural insights of NC polymorphism. The kinetics study for both enzymatic/chemical modifications of NCs and microbial growth behavior of BC under various reactor configurations are studied. The challenges associated with the commercial aspects as well as industrial scale production of pristine and functionalized NCs to meet the growing demands of market are discussed and prospective strategies to mitigate them are described. Finally, post chemical modification evaluation of biological and inherent properties of NC are important to determine their efficacy for development of various products and technologies directed for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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Pradeep HK, Patel DH, Onkarappa HS, Pratiksha CC, Prasanna GD. Role of nanocellulose in industrial and pharmaceutical sectors - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:1038-1047. [PMID: 35364203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural residues serves as the critical component to replace synthetic polymeric materials in the coming future. Agricultural residues can be used to obtain cellulose by delignification followed by bleaching. Further, cellulose is converted into nanocellulose by various methods. Nanocellulose is used in multiple pharmaceutical applications as a polymer in hydrogels, transdermal drug delivery systems, aerogels, wound healing dressing materials, as superdisintegrants in fast dissolving tablets, emulgel, microparticles, gels, foams, thickening agents, stabilizers, cosmetics, medical implants, tissue engineering, liposomes, food and composites, etc. This review provides detailed knowledge about the nature of nanocellulose regarding its high surface area, high polymerization, loading, and binding capacity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients and significance of various applications of nanocellulose. Biocompatible and non-toxic, it makes it an ideal material for applications in the biomedical field. A significant advantage is a biocompatibility, which is non-toxic for many biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Pradeep
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Dipti H Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - H S Onkarappa
- Department of Chemistry, GM Institute of Technology, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - C C Pratiksha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - G D Prasanna
- Department of Physics, Davangere University, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
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Babi M, Fatona A, Li X, Cerson C, Jarvis VM, Abitbol T, Moran-Mirabal JM. Efficient Labeling of Nanocellulose for High-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy Applications. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1981-1994. [PMID: 35442640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The visualization of naturally derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs) within nanocomposite materials is key to the development of packaging materials, tissue culture scaffolds, and emulsifying agents, among many other applications. In this work, we develop a versatile and efficient two-step approach based on triazine and azide-alkyne click-chemistry to fluorescently label nanocelluloses with a variety of commercially available dyes. We show that this method can be used to label bacterial cellulose fibrils, plant-derived CNFs, carboxymethylated CNFs, and CNCs with Cy5 and fluorescein derivatives to high degrees of labeling using minimal amounts of dye while preserving their native morphology and crystalline structure. The ability to tune the labeling density with this method allowed us to prepare optimized samples that were used to visualize nanostructural features of cellulose through super-resolution microscopy. The efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and versatility of this method make it ideal for labeling nanocelluloses and imaging them through advanced microscopy techniques for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhanad Babi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Ayodele Fatona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Christine Cerson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Victoria M Jarvis
- McMaster Analytical X-ray Diffraction Facility, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm 114 28, Sweden
| | - Jose M Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Dias MC, Belgacem MN, de Resende JV, Martins MA, Damásio RAP, Tonoli GHD, Ferreira SR. Eco-friendly laccase and cellulase enzymes pretreatment for optimized production of high content lignin-cellulose nanofibrils. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:413-425. [PMID: 35413312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) are of attracting an increasing interest due to the benefits of maintaining the lignin in the nanomaterial composition. The production of LCNF requires considerable energy consumption, which has been suppressed employing pretreatment of biomass, in which it highlights those that employ enzymes that have the advantage of being more environmentally friendly. Some negative aspects of the presence of lignin in the fiber to obtain cellulose nanofibrils is that it can hinder the delamination of the cell wall and act as a physical barrier to the action of cellulase enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a combined enzymatic pretreatment of laccase and endoglucanase for high content lignin LCNF production. The morphological and chemical properties, visual aspect and stability, crystallinity, mechanical properties, rheology, barrier properties and quality index were used to characterize the LCNF. The laccase loading used was efficient in modifying the lignin to facilitate the action of the endoglucanase on cellulose without causing the removal of this macromolecule. This pretreatment improved the quality of LCNF (61 ± 3 to 71 ± 2 points) with an energy saving of 42% and, therefore, this pretreatment could be suitable for industrial production for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cordazzo Dias
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Mohamed Naceur Belgacem
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaime Vilela de Resende
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Martins
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa Instrumentation, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Saulo Rocha Ferreira
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Hajiali F, Jin T, Yang G, Santos M, Lam E, Moores A. Mechanochemical Transformations of Biomass into Functional Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102535. [PMID: 35137539 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is one of the promising alternatives to petroleum-derived materials and plays a major role in our fight against climate change by providing renewable sources of chemicals and materials. Owing to its chemical and structural complexity, the transformation of biomass into value-added products requires a profound understanding of its composition at different scales and innovative methods such as combining physical and chemical processes. In this context, the use of mechanochemistry in biomass valorization is currently growing owing to its potentials as an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach. This review highlights the latest advances in the transformation of biomass (i. e., chitin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and starch) to functional materials using mechanochemical-assisted methods. We focused here on the methodology of biomass processing, influencing factors, and resulting properties with an emphasis on achieving functional materials rather than breaking down the biopolymer chains into smaller molecules. Opportunities and limitations associated this methodology were discussed accordingly for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Hajiali
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tony Jin
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Galen Yang
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Madison Santos
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 3480 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Edmond Lam
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0 C5, Canada
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Squinca P, Bilatto S, Badino AC, Farinas CS. The use of enzymes to isolate cellulose nanomaterials: A systematic map review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Contributions of Women in Recent Research on Biopolymer Science. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071420. [PMID: 35406293 PMCID: PMC9003506 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biopolymers are playing a fundamental role in our society because of the environmental issues and concerns associated with synthetic polymers. The aim of this Special Issue entitled ‘Women in Polymer Science and Technology: Biopolymers’ is highlighting the work designed and developed by women on biopolymer science and technology. In this context, this short review aims to provide an introduction to this Special Issue by highlighting some recent contributions of women around the world on the particular topic of biopolymer science and technology during the last 20 years. In the first place, it highlights a selection of important works performed on a number of well-studied natural polymers, namely, agar, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, and collagen. Secondly, it gives an insight into the discovery of new polysaccharides and enzymes that have a role in their synthesis and in their degradation. These contributions will be paving the way for the next generation of female and male scientists on this topic.
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Hemicellulose and Nano/Microfibrils Improving the Pliability and Hydrophobic Properties of Cellulose Film by Interstitial Filling and Forming Micro/Nanostructure. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071297. [PMID: 35406171 PMCID: PMC9003512 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, nano/microfibrils were applied to enhance the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the sugarcane bagasse fiber films. The successful preparation of nano/microfibrils was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fiber length analyzer (FLA), and ion chromatography (IC). The transparency, morphology, mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the cellulose films were evaluated. The results show that the nanoparticle was formed by the hemicellulose diffusing on the surface of the cellulose and agglomerating in the film-forming process at 40 °C. The elastic modulus of the cellulose film was as high as 4140.60 MPa, and the water contact angle was increased to 113°. The micro/nanostructures were formed due to hemicellulose adsorption on nano/microfilament surfaces. The hydrophobicity of the films was improved. The directional crystallization of nano/microfibrous molecules was found. Cellulose films with a high elastic modulus and high elasticity were obtained. It provides theoretical support for the preparation of high-performance cellulose film.
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Patil TV, Patel DK, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Santra TS, Lim KT. Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications. Bioact Mater 2022; 9:566-589. [PMID: 34820589 PMCID: PMC8591404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, a biopolymer, has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties, such as high mechanical strength, low density, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Nanocellulose can be extracted from wide range of sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. Depending on the extraction process and dimensions (diameter and length), they are categorized into three main types: cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). CNCs are a highly crystalline and needle-like structure, whereas CNFs have both amorphous and crystalline regions in their network. BNC is the purest form of nanocellulose. The nanocellulose properties can be tuned by chemical functionalization, which increases its applicability in biomedical applications. This review highlights the fabrication of different surface-modified nanocellulose to deliver active molecules, such as drugs, proteins, and plasmids. Nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules is profoundly affected by its topographical structure and the interaction between the loaded molecules and nanocellulose. The applications of nanocellulose and its composites in tissue engineering have been discussed. Finally, the review is concluded with further opportunities and challenges in nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal V. Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Deptarment of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 600036, India
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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