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Chatrath S, Alotaibi M, Barry CF. Performance of Recycled Polylactic Acid/Amorphous Polyhydroxyalkanoate Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1230. [PMID: 38732699 PMCID: PMC11085229 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Blends of polylactic acid (PLA) with amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (aPHA) are less brittle than neat PLA, thus enabling their use as biodegradable packaging. This work investigated the impact of recycling on the properties of neat PLA and PLA/aPHA blends with 90 and 75 wt. % PLA. After the materials were subjected to five heat histories in a single-screw extruder, the mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties were measured. All recycled compounds with 100% PLA and 75% PLA had similar decomposition behavior, whereas the decomposition temperatures for the blends with 90% PLA decreased with each additional heat cycle. The glass transition and melting temperatures were not impacted by reprocessing, but the crystallinity increased with more heat cycles. The complex viscosity of the reprocessed PLA and PLA/aPHA blends was much lower than for the neat PLA and increasing the number of heat cycles produced smaller reductions in the complex viscosity of 100% PLA and the blend with 90% PLA; no change in complex viscosity was observed for blends with 75% PLA exposed to 2 to 5 heat cycles. The tensile properties were not affected by reprocessing, whereas the impact strength for the 75% PLA blend decreased with reprocessing. These properties suggest that users will be able to incorporate scrap into the neat resin for thermoformed packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carol Forance Barry
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01879, USA
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2
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Williams L, Hatton FL, Righetti MC, Mele E. Investigating How the Properties of Electrospun Poly(lactic acid) Fibres Loaded with the Essential Oil Limonene Evolve over Time under Different Storage Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1005. [PMID: 38611263 PMCID: PMC11013927 DOI: 10.3390/polym16071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have been identified as effective natural compounds to prevent bacterial infections and thus are widely proposed as bioactive agents for biomedical applications. Across the literature, various essential oils have been incorporated into electrospun fibres to produce materials with, among others, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. However, limited research has been conducted so far on the effect of these chemical products on the physical characteristics of the resulting composite fibres for extended periods of time. Within this work, electrospun fibres of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were loaded with the essential oil limonene, and the impact of storage conditions and duration (up to 12 weeks) on the thermal degradation, glass transition temperature and mechanical response of the fibrous mats were investigated. It was found that the concentration of the encapsulated limonene changed over time and thus the properties of the PLA-limonene fibres evolved, particularly in the first two weeks of storage (independently from storage conditions). The amount of limonene retained within the fibres, even 4 weeks after fibre generation, was effective to successfully inhibit the growth of model microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The results of this work demonstrate the importance of evaluating physical properties during the ageing of electrospun fibres encapsulating essential oils, in order to predict performance modification when the composite fibres are used as constituents of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Williams
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Fiona L. Hatton
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Elisa Mele
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
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3
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Ali Z, Abdullah M, Yasin MT, Amanat K, Ahmad K, Ahmed I, Qaisrani MM, Khan J. Organic waste-to-bioplastics: Conversion with eco-friendly technologies and approaches for sustainable environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117949. [PMID: 38109961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics poses a threat to humans, wildlife, marine life and the environment. Given the magnitude of eventual depletion of petrochemical sources and global environmental pollution caused by the manufacturing of synthetic plastics such as polyethylene (PET) and polypropylene (PP), it is essential to develop and adopt biopolymers as an environment friendly and cost-effective alternative to synthetic plastics. Research into bioplastics has been gaining traction as a way to create a more sustainable and eco-friendlier environment with a reduced environmental impact. Biodegradable bioplastics can have the same characteristics as traditional plastics while also offering additional benefits due to their low carbon footprint. Therefore, using organic waste from biological origin for bioplastic production not only reduces our reliance on edible feedstock but can also effectively assist with solid waste management. This review aims at providing an in-depth overview on recent developments in bioplastic-producing microorganisms, production procedures from various organic wastes using either pure or mixed microbial cultures (MMCs), microalgae, and chemical extraction methods. Low production yield and production costs are still the major bottlenecks to their deployment at industrial and commercial scale. However, their production and commercialization pose a significant challenge despite such potential. The major constraints are their production in small quantity, poor mechanical strength, lack of facilities and costly feed for industrial-scale production. This review further explores several methods for producing bioplastics with the aim of encouraging researchers and investors to explore ways to utilize these renewable resources in order to commercialize degradable bioplastics. Challenges, future prospects and Life cycle assessment of bioplastics are also highlighted. Utilizing a variety of bioplastics obtained from renewable and cost-effective sources (e.g., organic waste, agro-industrial waste, or microalgae) and determining the pertinent end-of-life option (e.g., composting or anaerobic digestion) may lead towards the right direction that assures the sustainable production of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Yasin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Kinza Amanat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266404, P.R. China.
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Campus, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, PR China
| | - Muther Mansoor Qaisrani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jallat Khan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan; Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
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4
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Kervran M, Shabanian M, Vagner C, Ponçot M, Meier-Haack J, Laoutid F, Gaan S, Vahabi H. Flame retardancy of sustainable polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyrate (PLA/PHB) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126208. [PMID: 37567537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, development of new biobased/biodegradable polymers from biological resources is of great interest from a sustainability standpoint. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA) are two biopolymers obtained from renewable resources. In this study, the flame-retardant effect of a newly developed flame retardant (FR) based on melamine in a PLA/PHB blend was studied. Several combinations containing this new FR combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and sepiolite were introduced in a PLA/PHB blend. 20 wt% of FR were introduced into a matrix containing 75 wt% PLA and 25 wt% PHB blended with a microcompounder. According to pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC) analyses, all the FR formulations exhibited reduced flammability. The results revealed a considerable decrease in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) by 33 % in the presence of the new FR while a reduction of about 60 % for combinations with APP and sepiolite. The new FR system significantly enhanced the fire behaviour of PLA/PHB blend. The work presents the first cone calorimeter analyses of PLA/PHB composites. The fire behaviour evolved from thin sample to a thick charring behaviour highlighted by an increase of the residue after cone calorimeter from 0 to 14.7 % with this FR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kervran
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - M Shabanian
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Vagner
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - M Ponçot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - J Meier-Haack
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Laoutid
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit, Materia Nova Research Center, University of Mons UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - S Gaan
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - H Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France.
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Patiño Vidal C, Luzi F, Puglia D, López-Carballo G, Rojas A, Galotto MJ, López de Dicastillo C. Development of a sustainable and antibacterial food packaging material based in a biopolymeric multilayer system composed by polylactic acid, chitosan, cellulose nanocrystals and ethyl lauroyl arginate. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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6
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Venkatesan R, Alagumalai K, Kim SC. Preparation and Antimicrobial Characterization of Poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate)/Kaolin Clay Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071710. [PMID: 37050324 PMCID: PMC10097211 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The biodegradable polymer poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) starts decomposing at room temperature. Kaolin clay (KO) was dispersed and blended into PBAT composites using a solution-casting method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the structure and morphology of the composite materials. PBAT/kaolin clay composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The PBAT composite loaded with 5.0 wt% kaolin clay shows the best characteristics. The biocomposites of PBAT/kaolin [PBC-5.0 (37.6MPa)] have a good tensile strength when compared to virgin PBAT (18.3MPa). The oxygen transmission rate (OTR), with ranges from 1080.2 to 311.7 (cc/m2/day), leads the KO content. By including 5.0 wt% kaolin 43.5 (g/m2/day), the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the PBAT/kaolin composites was decreased. The pure PBAT must have a WVTR of 152.4 (g/m2/day). Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) food-borne bacteria are significantly more resistant to the antimicrobial property of composites. The results show that PBAT/kaolin composites have great potential as food packaging materials due to their ability to decrease the growth of bacteria and improve the shelf life of packaged foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Venkatesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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7
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Khankrua R, Wiriya-Amornchai A, Triamnak N, Suttiruengwong S. Biopolymer blends based on poly(lactic acid) and polyamide for durable applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2096470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rattikarn Khankrua
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Atiwat Wiriya-Amornchai
- Materials and Processing Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Rayong Campus, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Narit Triamnak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Supakij Suttiruengwong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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8
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Tyubaeva PM, Varyan IA, Nikolskaya ED, Mollaeva MR, Yabbarov NG, Sokol MB, Chirkina MV, Popov AA. Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Activity of Electrospun Fibrous Materials Based on PHB and Modified with Hemin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020236. [PMID: 36677989 PMCID: PMC9861043 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the hemin (Hmi) on the structure and properties of nanocomposite electrospun materials based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is discussed in the article. The additive significantly affected the morphology of fibers allowed to produce more elastic material and provided high antimicrobial activity. The article considers also the impact of the hemin on the biocompatibility of the nonwoven material based on PHB and the prospects for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina M. Tyubaeva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivetta A. Varyan
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena D. Nikolskaya
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariia R. Mollaeva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Yabbarov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria B. Sokol
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita V. Chirkina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Popov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997 Moscow, Russia
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9
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John A, Črešnar KP, Bikiaris DN, Zemljič LF. Colloidal Solutions as Advanced Coatings for Active Packaging Development: Focus on PLA Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020273. [PMID: 36679154 PMCID: PMC9865051 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to rising consumer demand the food packaging industry is turning increasingly to packaging materials that offer active functions. This is achieved by incorporating active compounds into the basic packaging materials. However, it is currently believed that adding active compounds as a coating over the base packaging material is more beneficial than adding them in bulk or in pouches, as this helps to maintain the physicochemical properties of the base material along with higher efficiency at the interface with the food. Colloidal systems have the potential to be used as active coatings, while the application of coatings in the form of colloidal dispersions allows for prolonged and controlled release of the active ingredient and uniform distribution, due to their colloidal/nano size and large surface area ratio. The objective of this review is to analyse some of the different colloidal solutions previously used in the literature as coatings for active food packaging and their advantages. The focus is on natural bio-based substances and packaging materials such as PLA, due to consumer awareness and environmental and regulatory issues. The antiviral concept through the surface is also discussed briefly, as it is an important strategy in the context of the current pandemic crisis and cross-infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira John
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (L.F.Z.)
| | - Klementina Pušnik Črešnar
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (L.F.Z.)
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Andrade MA, Barbosa CH, Shah MA, Ahmad N, Vilarinho F, Khwaldia K, Silva AS, Ramos F. Citrus By-Products: Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds for Food Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010038. [PMID: 36670900 PMCID: PMC9855225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus production produces about 15 million tons of by-products/waste worldwide every year. Due to their high content of bioactive compounds, several extraction techniques can be applied to obtain extracts rich in valuable compounds and further application into food applications. Distillation and solvent extraction continues to be the most used and applied extraction techniques, followed by newer techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction and pulsed electric field extraction. Although the composition of these extracts and essential oils directly depends on the edaphoclimatic conditions to which the fruit/plant was exposed, the main active compounds are D-limonene, carotenoids, and carbohydrates. Pectin, one of the most abundant carbohydrates present in Citrus peels, can be used as a biodegradable polymer to develop new food packaging, and the extracted bioactive compounds can be easily added directly or indirectly to foods to increase their shelf-life. One of the applications is their incorporation in active food packaging for microbiological and/or oxidation inhibition, prolonging foods' shelf-life and, consequently, contributing to reducing food spoilage. This review highlights some of the most used and effective extraction techniques and the application of the obtained essential oils and extracts directly or indirectly (through active packaging) to foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Andrade
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Cássia H. Barbosa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- MEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, FCT NOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Fernanda Vilarinho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Khaoula Khwaldia
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d’Analyse Physico-Chimique, INRAP, Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, Tunis 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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11
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Novel Production Methods of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Their Innovative Uses in Biomedicine and Industry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238351. [PMID: 36500442 PMCID: PMC9740486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a biodegradable polymer obtained from microorganisms and plants, have been widely used in biomedical applications and devices, such as sutures, cardiac valves, bone scaffold, and drug delivery of compounds with pharmaceutical interests, as well as in food packaging. This review focuses on the use of polyhydroxyalkanoates beyond the most common uses, aiming to inform about the potential uses of the biopolymer as a biosensor, cosmetics, drug delivery, flame retardancy, and electrospinning, among other interesting uses. The novel applications are based on the production and composition of the polymer, which can be modified by genetic engineering, a semi-synthetic approach, by changing feeding carbon sources and/or supplement addition, among others. The future of PHA is promising, and despite its production costs being higher than petroleum-based plastics, tools given by synthetic biology, bioinformatics, and machine learning, among others, have allowed for great production yields, monomer and polymer functionalization, stability, and versatility, a key feature to increase the uses of this interesting family of polymers.
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12
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Selected Properties of Bio-Based Layered Hybrid Composites with Biopolymer Blends for Structural Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204393. [PMID: 36297971 PMCID: PMC9611160 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, layered composites were produced with different biopolymer adhesive layers, including biopolymer polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and biopolymer blends of PLA + polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (75:25 w/w ratio) with the addition of 25, 50% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and 3% triethyl Citrate (TEC) for these blends, which acted as binders and co-created the five layers in the elaborated composites. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding strength (IB), density profile, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were obtained. The results showed that among the composites in which two pure biopolymers were used, PLA obtained the best results, while among the produced blends, PLA + PHB, PLA + PHB + 25MCC, and PLA + PHB + 25MCC + 3TEC performed best. The mechanical properties of the composites decreased with increases in the MCC content in blends. Therefore, adding 3% TEC improved the properties of composites made of PLA + PHB + MCC blends.
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13
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Thermoplastic Starch Composites Reinforced with Functionalized POSS: Fabrication, Characterization, and Evolution of Mechanical, Thermal and Biological Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101425. [PMID: 36290082 PMCID: PMC9598116 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advancements in materials that offer the appropriate mechanical strength, barrier, and antimicrobial activity for food packaging are still confronted with significant challenges. In this study, a modest, environmentally friendly method was used to synthesize functionalized octakis(3-chloropropyl)octasilsesquioxane [fn-POSS] nanofiller. Composite films compared to the neat thermoplastic starch (TS) film, show improved thermal and mechanical properties. Tensile strength results improved from 7.8 MPa to 28.1 MPa (TS + 5.0 wt.% fn-POSS) with fn-POSS loading (neat TS). The barrier characteristics of TS/fn-POSS composites were increased by fn-POSS by offering penetrant molecules with a twisting pathway. Also, the rates of O2 and H2O transmission were decreased by 50.0 cc/m2/day and 48.1 g/m2/day in TS/fn-POSS composites. Based on an examination of its antimicrobial activity, the fn-POSS blended TS (TSP-5.0) film exhibits a favorable zone of inhibition against the bacterial pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The TS/fn-POSS (TSP-5.0) film lost 78.4% of its weight after 28 days in natural soil. New plastic materials used for packaging, especially food packaging, are typically not biodegradable, so the TS composite with 5.0 wt.% fn-POSS is therefore of definite interest. The incorporation of fn-POSS with TS composites can improve their characteristics, boost the use of nanoparticles in food packaging, and promote studies on biodegradable composites.
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Sempere-Torregrosa J, Ferri JM, de la Rosa-Ramírez H, Pavon C, Samper MD. Effect of Epoxidized and Maleinized Corn Oil on Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Blend. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194205. [PMID: 36236152 PMCID: PMC9571960 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work analyzes the influence of modified, epoxidized and maleinized corn oil as a plasticizing and/or compatibilizing agent in the PLA-PHB blend (75% PLA and 25% PHB wt.%). The chemical modification processes of corn oil were successfully carried out and different quantities were used, between 0 and 10% wt.%. The different blends obtained were characterized by thermal, mechanical, morphological, and disintegration tests under composting conditions. It was observed that to achieve the same plasticizing effect, less maleinized corn oil (MCO) is needed than epoxidized corn oil (ECO). Both oils improve the ductile properties of the PLA-PHB blend, such as elongation at break and impact absorb energy, however, the strength properties decrease. The ones that show the highest ductility values are those that contain 10% ECO and 5% MCO, improving the elongation of the break of the PLA-PHB blend by more than 400% and by more than 800% for the sample PLA.
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15
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Preparation of Biocomposites with Natural Reinforcements: The Effect of Native Starch and Sugarcane Bagasse Fibers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196423. [PMID: 36234960 PMCID: PMC9571990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocomposites were prepared from poly(lactic acid) and two natural reinforcements, a native starch and sugarcane bagasse fibers. The strength of interfacial adhesion was estimated by model calculations, and local deformation processes were followed by acoustic emission testing. The results showed that the two additives influence properties differently. The strength of interfacial adhesion and thus the extent of reinforcement are similar because of similarities in chemical structure, the large number of OH groups in both reinforcements. Relatively strong interfacial adhesion develops between the components, which renders coupling inefficient. Dissimilar particle characteristics influence local deformation processes considerably. The smaller particle size of starch results in larger debonding stress and thus larger composite strength. The fracture of the bagasse fibers leads to larger energy consumption and to increased impact resistance. Although the environmental benefit of the prepared biocomposites is similar, the overall performance of the bagasse fiber reinforced PLA composites is better than that offered by the PLA/starch composites.
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16
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Patel M, Hansson F, Pitkänen O, Geng S, Oksman K. Biopolymer Blends of Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(hydroxybutyrate) and Their Functionalization with Glycerol Triacetate and Chitin Nanocrystals for Food Packaging Applications. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:6592-6601. [PMID: 36119407 PMCID: PMC9469702 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biopolymer that has potential for use in food packaging applications; however, its low crystallinity and poor gas barrier properties limit its use. This study aimed to increase the understanding of the structure property relation of biopolymer blends and their nanocomposites. The crystallinity of the final materials and their effect on barrier properties was studied. Two strategies were performed: first, different concentrations of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB; 10, 25, and 50 wt %) were compounded with PLA to facilitate the PHB spherulite development, and then, for further increase of the overall crystallinity, glycerol triacetate (GTA) functionalized chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were added. The PLA:PHB blend with 25 wt % PHB showed the formation of many very small PHB spherulites with the highest PHB crystallinity among the examined compositions and was selected as the matrix for the ChNC nanocomposites. Then, ChNCs with different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 wt %) were added to the 75:25 PLA:PHB blend using the liquid-assisted extrusion process in the presence of GTA. The addition of the ChNCs resulted in an improvement in the crystallization rate and degree of PHB crystallinity as well as mechanical properties. The nanocomposite with the highest crystallinity resulted in greatly decreased oxygen (O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) permeability and increased the overall mechanical properties compared to the blend with GTA. This study shows that the addition ChNCs in PLA:PHB can be a possible way to reach suitable gas barrier properties for food packaging films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitul
Kumar Patel
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Freja Hansson
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Olli Pitkänen
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Shiyu Geng
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97 187 Luleå, Sweden
- Mechanical
& Industrial Engineering (MIE), University
of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center (WWSC); Luleå
University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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17
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Degradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-The Basis of Slow-Release Fungicide Formulations for Suppressing Potato Pathogens. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173669. [PMID: 36080743 PMCID: PMC9460056 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-component slow-release fungicide formulations with different modes of action of the active ingredients for suppressing potato pathogens were constructed for the first time. The difenoconazole, mefenoxam, prothioconazole, and azoxystrobin fungicides were embedded in the degradable polymer P(3HB)/birch wood flour blend and examined using SEM, IR spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, DTA, and DSC. Results showed that no chemical bonds were established between the components and that they were physical mixtures that had a lower degree of crystallinity compared to the initial P(3HB), which suggested different crystallization kinetics in the mixtures. The degradation behavior of the experimental formulations was investigated in laboratory micro-ecosystems with pre-characterized field soil. The slow-release fungicide formulations were prolonged-action forms with a half-life of at least 50–60 d, enabling gradual and sustained delivery of the active ingredients to plants. All slow-release fungicide formulations had a strong inhibitory effect on the most common and harmful potato pathogens (Phytophthorainfestans, Alternarialongipes, Rhizoctoniasolani, and Fusariumsolani).
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18
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Innovative solutions and challenges to increase the use of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in food packaging and disposables. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Tang Y, Park H, Scher HB, Jeoh T. The role of a moisture-barrier latex in controlling retention, stability and release of D-limonene from complex coacervated matrix microparticles formed during spray drying. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979656. [PMID: 36091256 PMCID: PMC9452785 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limonene from citrus peel oil is valued as fragrance and flavor additives in food and beverages; however, D-limonene is highly volatile and oxygen-sensitive, thus present storage and stability challenges in food products. A novel, industrially-scalable microencapsulation by in situ complex coacervation during spray drying process (CoCo process) was applied to encapsulate limonene in alginate-gelatin matrix microparticles. Specifically, we investigated the potential to improve upon prior work demonstrating volatile retention and enteric release of limonene from the complex coacervated (CoCo) microcapsules by incorporating ethylcellulose to improve moisture and oxygen barrier properties of the encapsulation matrix. We hypothesized that ethylcellulose, commonly used as a water-barrier coating with pharmaceuticals, would enhance the ability of CoCo microcapsules to retain and shelf-stabilize limonene. The CoCo process alone could achieve limonene retention of 77.7% ± 1.3% during spray drying, with only ∼10% limonene loss and low oxidation rate after 3-weeks of storage in ambient conditions. Contrary to expectations, incorporating ethylcellulose with the CoCo formulation increased volatile losses of limonene during spray drying and during prolonged storage. Moreover, CoCo powders with ethylcellulose accelerated limonene release in water and simulated gastric fluid, and decelerated release in simulated intestinal fluid—a result that was contrary to targeting enteric release. Instead of simply forming a protective water barrier film in the microparticles during spray drying as envisioned, ethylcellulose appeared to bring limonene to the particle surfaces, thereby enhancing volatile losses, facilitating oxidation and accelerating release in acidic aqueous media. Using ethylcellulose as a model, this study demonstrated the potential to formulate CoCo microparticles using latex excipients to control burst release of the payload followed by long-lasting sustained release in air and in aqueous environments.
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20
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Alexeeva O, Olkhov A, Konstantinova M, Podmasterev V, Tretyakov I, Petrova T, Koryagina O, Lomakin S, Siracusa V, Iordanskii AL. Improvement of the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Polylactic Acid Films by Addition of Glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-Trialeate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173478. [PMID: 36080553 PMCID: PMC9460106 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-trioleate (ozonide of oleic acid triglyceride, OTOA) was introduced into polylactic acid (PLA) films in amounts of 5, 10, 30, 50, and 70% w/w. The morphological, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of PLA films after the OTOA addition were studied. The morphological analysis of the films showed that the addition of OTOA increased the diameter of PLA spherulites and, as a consequence, increased the proportion of amorphous regions in PLA films. A study of the thermodynamic properties of PLA films by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the films with an increase in the OTOA content. According to DSC and XRD data, the degree of crystallinity of the PLA films showed a tendency to decrease with an increase in the OTOA content in the films, which could be accounted for the plasticizing effect of OTOA. The PLA film with 10% OTOA content was characterized by good smoothness, hydrophobicity, and optimal mechanical properties. Thus, while maintaining high tensile strength of 21 MPa, PLA film with 10% OTOA showed increased elasticity with 26% relative elongation at break, as compared to the 2.7% relative elongation for pristine PLA material. In addition, DMA method showed that PLA film with 10% OTOA exhibits increased strength characteristics in the dynamic load mode. The resulting film materials based on optimized PLA/OTOA compositions could be used in various packaging and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Alexeeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (V.S.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Anatoliy Olkhov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Konstantinova
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Podmasterev
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Tretyakov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tuyara Petrova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Koryagina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Lomakin
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science (DSC), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (V.S.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Alexey L. Iordanskii
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (V.S.); (A.L.I.)
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21
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Iglesias-Montes ML, Soccio M, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Cyras VP, Manfredi LB. Chitin Nanocomposite Based on Plasticized Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) Blends as Fully Biodegradable Packaging Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153177. [PMID: 35956691 PMCID: PMC9370966 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) blends plasticized with tributyrin (TB), and their nanocomposite based on chitin nanoparticles (ChNPs) was developed using melt mixing followed by a compression molding process. The combination of PHB and ChNPs had an impact on the crystallinity of the plasticized PLA matrix, thus improving its oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier properties as well as displaying a UV light-blocking effect. The addition of 2 wt% of ChNP induced an improvement on the initial thermal degradation temperature and the overall migration behavior of blends, which had been compromised by the presence of TB. All processed materials were fully disintegrated under composting conditions, suggesting their potential application as fully biodegradable packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Iglesias-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0512090360 (M.S.); +54-2236260600 (L.B.M.)
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Chemical Science Department, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0512090360 (M.S.); +54-2236260600 (L.B.M.)
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22
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Roldi-Oliveira M, Diniz LM, Elias AL, Luz SM. Hemicellulose Films from Curaua Fibers ( Ananas erectifolius): Extraction and Thermal and Mechanical Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14152999. [PMID: 35893963 PMCID: PMC9331607 DOI: 10.3390/polym14152999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing environmental concerns over synthetic polymers, natural polymeric materials, such as hemicellulose, are considered a good sustainable alternative. Curaua fibers could be an excellent source of biopolymer as they have a relatively high hemicellulose content (15 wt%) and only a small amount of lignin (7 wt%). In this work, hemicellulose was extracted by an alkaline medium using KOH and the influence of the alkali concentration, temperature, and time was studied. A hemicellulose film was produced by water casting and its mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties were characterized. The results show that the best method, which resulted in the highest hemicellulose yield and lowest contamination from lignin, was using 10% (w/v) KOH concentration, 25 °C, and time of 3 h. The hemicellulose film exhibited better thermal stability and elongation at break than other polymeric films. It also exhibited lower rigidity and higher flexibility than other biodegradable polymers, including polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Roldi-Oliveira
- Mechanical Department, Technology Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.R.-O.); (L.M.D.)
| | - Layse M. Diniz
- Mechanical Department, Technology Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.R.-O.); (L.M.D.)
| | - Anastasia L. Elias
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
| | - Sandra M. Luz
- Mechanical Department, Technology Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.R.-O.); (L.M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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24
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Popa MS, Frone AN, Panaitescu DM. Polyhydroxybutyrate blends: A solution for biodegradable packaging? Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:263-277. [PMID: 35257732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a valuable bio-based and biodegradable polymer that may substitute common polymers in packaging and biomedical applications provided that the production cost is reduced and some properties improved. Blending PHB with other biodegradable polymers is the most simple and accessible route to reduce costs and to improve properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the preparation, properties and application of the PHB blends with other biodegradable polyesters such as medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), poly(propylene carbonate) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) or polysaccharides and their derivatives. A special attention has been paid to the miscibility of PHB with these polymers and the compatibilizing methods used to improve the dispersion and interface. The changes in the PHB morphology, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties induced by the second polymer have been critically analyzed in view of industrial application. The biodegradability and recyclability strategies of the PHB blends were summarized along with the processing techniques adapted to the intended application. This review provides the tools for a better understanding of the relation between the micro/nanostructure of PHB blends and their properties for the further development of PHB blends as solutions for biodegradable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Stelian Popa
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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25
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Plavec R, Horváth V, Hlaváčiková S, Omaníková L, Repiská M, Medlenová E, Feranc J, Kruželák J, Přikryl R, Figalla S, Kontárová S, Baco A, Danišová L, Vanovčanová Z, Alexy P. Influence of Multiple Thermomechanical Processing of 3D Filaments Based on Polylactic Acid and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Their Rheological and Utility Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101947. [PMID: 35631830 PMCID: PMC9143941 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on material recycling of a biodegradable blend based on PLA and PHB for multiple applications of biodegradable polymeric material under real conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple processing of a biodegradable polymer blend under the trade name NONOILEN®, which was processed under laboratory as well as industrial conditions. In this article, we report on testing the effect of blending and multiple processing on thermomechanical stability, molecular characteristics, as well as thermophysical and mechanical properties of experimental- and industrial-type tested material suitable for FDM 3D technology. The results showed that the studied material degraded during blending and subsequently during multiple processing. Even after partial degradation, which was demonstrated by a decrease in average molecular weight and a decrease in complex viscosity in the process of multiple reprocessing, there was no significant change in the material’s thermophysical properties, either in laboratory or industrial conditions. There was also no negative impact on the strength characteristics of multiple processed samples. The results of this work show that a biodegradable polymer blend based on PLA and PHB is a suitable candidate for material recycling even in industrial processing conditions. In addition, the results suggest that the biodegradable polymeric material NONOILEN® 3D 3056-2 is suitable for multiple uses in FDM technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderik Plavec
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vojtech Horváth
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Slávka Hlaváčiková
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Leona Omaníková
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Martina Repiská
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Elena Medlenová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Jozef Feranc
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Ján Kruželák
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Radek Přikryl
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Silvestr Figalla
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Soňa Kontárová
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Andrej Baco
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Lucia Danišová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Zuzana Vanovčanová
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.H.); (S.H.); (L.O.); (M.R.); (E.M.); (J.F.); (J.K.); (A.B.); (L.D.); (Z.V.); (P.A.)
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Kervran M, Vagner C, Cochez M, Ponçot M, Saeb M, Vahabi H. A review on thermal degradation of polylactic acid (PLA)/polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Petchwattana N, Sukkaneewat B, Naknaen P, Sanetuntikul J, Jansri E. Synergistic effects of bio‐plasticizer and core–shell rubber on poly(lactic acid) toughness for sustainable flexible packaging applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawadon Petchwattana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok Thailand
| | - Benjatham Sukkaneewat
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Udon Thani Rajabhat University Udon Thani Thailand
| | - Phisut Naknaen
- Division of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok Thailand
| | - Jakkid Sanetuntikul
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Rayong Thailand
| | - Ektinai Jansri
- Division of Polymer Materials Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok Thailand
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Kahraman Y, Alkan Goksu Y, Özdemir B, Eker Gümüş B, Nofar M. Composition design of
PLA
/
TPU
emulsion blends compatibilized with multifunctional epoxy‐based chain extender to tackle high impact resistant ductile structures. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Kahraman
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yonca Alkan Goksu
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Burcu Özdemir
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Beril Eker Gümüş
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center Yıldız Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
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The Comparison of Advanced Electrospun Materials Based on Poly(-3-hydroxybutyrate) with Natural and Synthetic Additives. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010023. [PMID: 35323223 PMCID: PMC8955504 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparison of the effect of porphyrins of natural and synthetic origin containing the same metal atom on the structure and properties of the semi-crystalline polymer matrix is of current concern. A large number of modifying additives and biodegradable polymers for biomedical purposes, composed of poly(-3-hydroxybutyrate)-porphyrin, are of particular interest because of the combination of their unique properties. The objective of this work are electrospun fibrous material based on poly(-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), hemin (Hmi), and tetraphenylporphyrin with iron (Fe(TPP)Cl). The structure of these new materials was investigated by methods such as optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Electron paramagnetic resonance method, and Differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of the electrospun materials were analyzed by mechanical and biological tests, and the wetting contact angle was measured. In this work, it was found that even small concentrations of porphyrin can increase the antimicrobial properties by 12 times, improve the physical and mechanical properties by at least 3.5 times, and vary hydrophobicity by at least 5%. At the same time, additives similar in the structure had an oppositely directed effect on the supramolecular structure, the composition of the crystalline, and the amorphous phases. The article considers assumptions about the nature of such differences due to the influence of Hmi and Fe(TPP)Cl) on the macromolecular and fibrous structure of PHB.
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Koller M, Mukherjee A. A New Wave of Industrialization of PHA Biopolyesters. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020074. [PMID: 35200427 PMCID: PMC8869736 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing use of plastics, their fossil origin, and especially their persistence in nature have started a wave of new innovations in materials that are renewable, offer the functionalities of plastics, and are biodegradable. One such class of biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are biosynthesized by numerous microorganisms through the conversion of carbon-rich renewable resources. PHA homo- and heteropolyesters are intracellular products of secondary microbial metabolism. When isolated from microbial biomass, PHA biopolymers mimic the functionalities of many of the top-selling plastics of petrochemical origin, but biodegrade in soil, freshwater, and marine environments, and are both industrial- and home-compostable. Only a handful of PHA biopolymers have been studied in-depth, and five of these reliably match the desired material properties of established fossil plastics. Realizing the positive attributes of PHA biopolymers, several established chemical companies and numerous start-ups, brand owners, and converters have begun to produce and use PHA in a variety of industrial and consumer applications, in what can be described as the emergence of the “PHA industry”. While this positive industrial and commercial relevance of PHA can hardly be described as the first wave in its commercial development, it is nonetheless a very serious one with over 25 companies and start-ups and 30+ brand owners announcing partnerships in PHA production and use. The combined product portfolio of the producing companies is restricted to five types of PHA, namely poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), even though PHAs as a class of polymers offer the potential to generate almost limitless combinations of polymers beneficial to humankind. To date, by varying the co-monomer type and content in these PHA biopolymers, their properties emulate those of the seven top-selling fossil plastics, representing 230 million t of annual plastics production. Capacity expansions of 1.5 million t over the next 5 years have been announced. Policymakers worldwide have taken notice and are encouraging industry to adopt biodegradable and compostable material solutions. This wave of commercialization of PHAs in single-use and in durable applications holds the potential to make the decisive quantum leap in reducing plastic pollution, the depletion of fossil resources, and the emission of greenhouse gases and thus fighting climate change. This review presents setbacks and success stories of the past 40 years and the current commercialization wave of PHA biopolymers, their properties, and their fields of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koller
- Office of Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ARENA—Association for Resource Efficient and Sustainable Technologies, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-380-5463
| | - Anindya Mukherjee
- Global Organization for PHA (GO!PHA), Oudebrugsteeg 9, 1012 JN Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- PHAXTEC, Inc., Wake Forest, NC 27587, USA
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Bhovi VK, Melinmath SP, Gowda R. A Review - Biodegradable Polymers and their Applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2081-2101. [PMID: 35088668 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220128152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymers have an endless scope in the recent era due to their flexibility, amendment, and insertion of organic and inorganic active components into the polymer backbone. There is strong competition between natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers in the sense of biodegradability and compatibility with modern technology. Biodegradable polymers play a significant role in sustaining mankind on the earth due to non-environment hazards. These polymers play a crucial role in the area of biomedicine technology such as tissues engineering, preparation of different scaffolds, drug delivery systems, industrial, agriculture, and food packaging. Here, we probed on an assortment of types of applications, challenges, and limitations of biodegradable polymers in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh K Bhovi
- PG Studies and research in Chemistry, Vijayanagar College, Hosapete, Vijayanagar, Karnataka, India
| | - Sulochana P Melinmath
- PG Studies and research in Chemistry, Vijayanagar College, Hosapete, Vijayanagar, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjith Gowda
- PG Studies and research in Chemistry, Vijayanagar College, Hosapete, Vijayanagar, Karnataka, India
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33
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Dobrzyńska‐Mizera M, Knitter M, Szymanowska D, Mallardo S, Santagata G, Di Lorenzo ML. Optical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of bio‐based composites of poly(L‐lactic acid) and D‐limonene/β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dobrzyńska‐Mizera
- Institute of Materials Technology, Polymer Division Poznan University of Technology Poznan Poland
| | - Monika Knitter
- Institute of Materials Technology, Polymer Division Poznan University of Technology Poznan Poland
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology Poznan University of Life Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Salvatore Mallardo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Polymers Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), c/o Comprensorio Olivetti Pozzuoli NA Italy
| | - Gabriella Santagata
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Polymers Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), c/o Comprensorio Olivetti Pozzuoli NA Italy
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Polymers Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), c/o Comprensorio Olivetti Pozzuoli NA Italy
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Sepúlveda FA, Rivera F, Loyo C, Canales D, Moreno‐Serna V, Benavente R, Rivas LM, Ulloa MT, Gil‐Castell O, Ribes‐Greus A, Ortiz JA, Zapata PA. Poly (lactic acid)/D‐limonene/
ZnO bio‐nanocomposites
with antimicrobial properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonella Sepúlveda
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros Chile
| | - Francisca Rivera
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros Chile
| | - Carlos Loyo
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros Chile
| | - Daniel Canales
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros Chile
| | - Viviana Moreno‐Serna
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros Chile
| | | | - Lina María Rivas
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología ICBM‐Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Chile
| | - María Teresa Ulloa
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología ICBM‐Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Chile
| | - Oscar Gil‐Castell
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Spain
| | - Amparo Ribes‐Greus
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Spain
| | - J. Andrés Ortiz
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile Chile
| | - Paula A. Zapata
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros Chile
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Hernández-García E, Vargas M, Chiralt A, González-Martínez C. Biodegradation of PLA-PHBV Blend Films as Affected by the Incorporation of Different Phenolic Acids. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020243. [PMID: 35053974 PMCID: PMC8774519 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Films based on a 75:25 polylactic acid (PLA) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) blend, containing 2% (w/w) of different phenolic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric or protocatechuic acid), and plasticised with 15 wt. % polyethylene glycol (PEG 1000), were obtained by melt blending and compression moulding. The disintegration and biodegradation of the film under thermophilic composting conditions was studied throughout 35 and 45 days, respectively, in order to analyse the effect of the incorporation of the antimicrobial phenolic acids into the films. Sample mass loss, thermo-degradation behaviour and visual appearance were analysed at different times of the composting period. No effect of phenolic acids was observed on the film disintegration pattern, and the films were completely disintegrated at the end of the composting period. The biodegradation analysis through the CO2 measurements revealed that PLA-PHBV blend films without phenolic acids, and with ferulic acid, completely biodegraded after 20 composting days, while p-coumaric and protocatechuic slightly retarded full biodegradation (21 and 26 days, respectively). Phenolic acids mainly extended the induction period, especially protocatechuic acid. PLA-PHBV blend films with potential antimicrobial activity could be used to preserve fresh foodstuff susceptible to microbial spoilage, with their biodegradation under composting conditions being ensured.
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36
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Weligama Thuppahige VT, Karim MA. A comprehensive review on the properties and functionalities of biodegradable and semibiodegradable food packaging materials. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:689-718. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vindya Thathsaranee Weligama Thuppahige
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna Kamburupitiya Sri Lanka
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
| | - Md Azharul Karim
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia
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Rojas A, Velásquez E, Patiño Vidal C, Guarda A, Galotto MJ, López de Dicastillo C. Active PLA Packaging Films: Effect of Processing and the Addition of Natural Antimicrobials and Antioxidants on Physical Properties, Release Kinetics, and Compostability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121976. [PMID: 34943079 PMCID: PMC8750271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance characteristics of polylactic acid (PLA) as an active food packaging film can be highly influenced by the incorporation of active agents (AAs) into PLA, and the type of processing technique. In this review, the effect of processing techniques and the addition of natural AAs on the properties related to PLA performance as a packaging material are summarized and described through a systematic analysis, giving new insights about the relation between processing techniques, types of AA, physical–mechanical properties, barriers, optical properties, compostability, controlled release, and functionalities in order to contribute to the progress made in designing antioxidant and antimicrobial PLA packaging films. The addition of AAs into PLA films affected their optical properties and influenced polymer chain reordering, modifying their thermal properties, functionality, and compostability in terms of the chemical nature of AAs. The mechanical and barrier performance of PLA was affected by the AA’s dispersion degree and crystallinity changes resulting from specific processing techniques. In addition, hydrophobicity and AA concentration also modified the barrier properties of PLA. The release kinetics of AAs from PLA were tuned, modifying diffusion coefficient of the AAs in terms of the different physical properties of the films that resulted from specific processing techniques. Several developments based on the incorporation of antimicrobial and antioxidant substances into PLA have displayed outstanding activities for food protection against microbial growth and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rojas
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile; (A.R.); (E.V.); (C.P.V.); (A.G.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Eliezer Velásquez
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile; (A.R.); (E.V.); (C.P.V.); (A.G.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Cristian Patiño Vidal
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile; (A.R.); (E.V.); (C.P.V.); (A.G.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Abel Guarda
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile; (A.R.); (E.V.); (C.P.V.); (A.G.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124, Chile
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile
| | - María José Galotto
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile; (A.R.); (E.V.); (C.P.V.); (A.G.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124, Chile
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile
| | - Carol López de Dicastillo
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile; (A.R.); (E.V.); (C.P.V.); (A.G.); (M.J.G.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124, Chile
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Obispo Umaña 050, Santiago 9170201, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Naser AZ, Deiab I, Defersha F, Yang S. Expanding Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Applications: A Review on Modifications and Effects. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4271. [PMID: 34883773 PMCID: PMC8659978 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high price of petroleum, overconsumption of plastic products, recent climate change regulations, the lack of landfill spaces in addition to the ever-growing population are considered the driving forces for introducing sustainable biodegradable solutions for greener environment. Due to the harmful impact of petroleum waste plastics on human health, environment and ecosystems, societies have been moving towards the adoption of biodegradable natural based polymers whose conversion and consumption are environmentally friendly. Therefore, biodegradable biobased polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have gained a significant amount of attention in recent years. Nonetheless, some of the vital limitations to the broader use of these biopolymers are that they are less flexible and have less impact resistance when compared to petroleum-based plastics (e.g., polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS)). Recent advances have shown that with appropriate modification methods-plasticizers and fillers, polymer blends and nanocomposites, such limitations of both polymers can be overcome. This work is meant to widen the applicability of both polymers by reviewing the available materials on these methods and their impacts with a focus on the mechanical properties. This literature investigation leads to the conclusion that both PLA and PHAs show strong candidacy in expanding their utilizations to potentially substitute petroleum-based plastics in various applications, including but not limited to, food, active packaging, surgical implants, dental, drug delivery, biomedical as well as antistatic and flame retardants applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheng Yang
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.Z.N.); (I.D.); (F.D.)
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Rukmanikrishnan B, Lee J. Montmorillonite clay and quaternary ammonium silane-reinforced pullulan/agar-based nanocomposites and their properties for packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:956-963. [PMID: 34571125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic combinations of pullulan, agar, montmorillonite (MMT) clay, and quaternary ammonium silane (QAS)-based (Pullulan/agar/MMT clay/QAS) active nanocomposites were prepared by a simple, cost-effective method. The Pullulan/agar/MMT clay/QAS nanocomposites were studied via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The concentration of MMT clay played a very important role in the properties of the nanocomposites. However, the transparency of the composite was not significantly affected by the addition of MMT clay. The ultraviolet (UV) transmittance of Pullulan/agar/MMT clay/QAS was in the range of 91.4-79.8 at 600 nm. The thermal and mechanical properties were significantly improved by the MMT clay. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites were in the range of 23.8-39.7 MPa and 37.2-26.9%, respectively. The long alkyl chain in QAS significantly improved the hydrophobic nature of the Pullulan/agar/MMT clay nanocomposites, impacting the contact angle (66.2-71.2°), water vapor permeability (3.17-2.20 × 10-9 g/m2 Pa·s), and swelling ratio (1837-836%). The combination of Pullulan/agar/MMT clay/QAS had a synergistic effect on the rheological properties. MMT clay and QAS significantly increased the viscosity, storage, and loss modulus of the hydrogel composites. With the addition of QAS, the Pullulan/agar/MMT clay nanocomposites showed good antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, South Korea.
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40
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Tyubaeva P, Varyan I, Lobanov A, Olkhov A, Popov A. Effect of the Hemin Molecular Complexes on the Structure and Properties of the Composite Electrospun Materials Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4024. [PMID: 34833324 PMCID: PMC8622405 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation of innovative fibrous materials based on biodegradable semicrystalline polymers and modifying additives is an urgent scientific problem. In particular, the development of biomedical materials based on molecular complexes and biopolymers with controlled properties is of great interest. The paper suggests an approach to modifying the structure and properties of the composite materials based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) obtained by the electrospinning method using molecular complexes of hemin. The introduction of 1-5 wt. % of hemin has a significant effect on the supramolecular structure, morphology and properties of PHB-based fibers. Changes in the supramolecular structure intensified with the increasing hemin concentration. On the one hand, a decrease in the fraction of the crystalline phase by 8-10% was observed. At the same time, there is a decrease in the density of the amorphous phase by 15-70%. Moreover, the addition of hemin leads to an improvement in the strength characteristics of the material: the elongation at break increased by 1.5 times, and in the tensile strength, it increased by 3 times. The antimicrobial activity of the hemin-containing composite materials against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed. The obtained materials are proposed to be used in the creation of composite systems for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Tyubaeva
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biological and Chemical Physics of Polymers, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivetta Varyan
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biological and Chemical Physics of Polymers, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Lobanov
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biological and Chemical Physics of Polymers, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Olkhov
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biological and Chemical Physics of Polymers, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Popov
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (A.L.); (A.O.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biological and Chemical Physics of Polymers, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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41
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Obtaining Active Polylactide (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Blends Based Bionanocomposites Modified with Graphene Oxide and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO 2)-Assisted Cinnamaldehyde: Effect on Thermal-Mechanical, Disintegration and Mass Transport Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223968. [PMID: 34833267 PMCID: PMC8621613 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bionanocomposites based on Polylactide (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) blends were successfully obtained through a combined extrusion and impregnation process using supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Graphene oxide (GO) and cinnamaldehyde (Ci) were incorporated into the blends as nano-reinforcement and an active compound, respectively, separately, and simultaneously. From the results, cinnamaldehyde quantification values varied between 5.7% and 6.1% (w/w). When GO and Ci were incorporated, elongation percentage increased up to 16%, and, therefore, the mechanical properties were improved, with respect to neat PLA. The results indicated that the Ci diffusion through the blends and bionanocomposites was influenced by the nano-reinforcing incorporation. The disintegration capacity of the developed materials decreased with the incorporation of GO and PHB, up to 14 and 23 days of testing, respectively, without compromising the biodegradability characteristics of the final material.
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Siddiqui MN, Redhwi HH, Tsagkalias I, Vouvoudi EC, Achilias DS. Development of Bio-Composites with Enhanced Antioxidant Activity Based on Poly(lactic acid) with Thymol, Carvacrol, Limonene, or Cinnamaldehyde for Active Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213652. [PMID: 34771206 PMCID: PMC8588526 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The new trend in food packaging films is to use biodegradable or bio-based polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), PLA with additives such as thymol, carvacrol, limonene or cinnamaldehyde coming from natural resources (i.e., thyme, oregano, citrus fruits and cinnamon) in order to extent foodstuff shelf-life and improve consumers’ safety. Single, triple and quadruple blends of these active compounds in PLA were prepared and studied using the solvent-casting technique. The successful incorporation of the active ingredients into the polymer matrix was verified by FTIR spectroscopy. XRD and DSC data revealed that the crystallinity of PLA was not significantly affected. However, the Tg of the polymer decreased, verifying the plasticization effect of all additives. Multicomponent mixtures resulted in more intense plasticization. Cinnamaldehyde was found to play a catalytic role in the thermal degradation of PLA shifting curves to slightly lower temperatures. Release of thymol or carvacrol from the composites takes place at low rates at temperatures below 100 °C. A combined diffusion-model was found to simulate the experimental release profiles very well. Higher antioxidant activity was noticed when carvacrol was added, followed by thymol and then cinnamaldehyde and limonene. From the triple-component composites, higher antioxidant activity measured in the materials with thymol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Halim Hamid Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ioannis Tsagkalias
- Lab of Polymer and Color Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.T.); (E.C.V.)
| | - Evangelia C. Vouvoudi
- Lab of Polymer and Color Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.T.); (E.C.V.)
| | - Dimitris S. Achilias
- Lab of Polymer and Color Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.T.); (E.C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997822
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43
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Hou X, Lu X, He C. Strong Interface via Weak Interactions: Ultratough and Malleable Polylactic acid/Polyhydroxybutyrate Biocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100619. [PMID: 34662467 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based and biodegradable polymer composites, most notably poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), represent a promising solution to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics. However, the brittleness and low miscibility of PLLA and PHB remain two major obstacles to practical applications. In this work, first PLLA/PHB blends are reported by melt mixing with a rigid component, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Driven by favorable entropy, PMMA forms an interfacial nanolayer, which transforms the morphology of resultant blends. The ternary blends show 55-fold increase in elongation, 50-fold in toughness, and metal-like malleability (≈180° bending and twisting), while retaining its high stiffness (3.4 GPa) and strength (≈50 MPa). The mechanical improvement arises from numerous craze fibrils and shear deformation of the matrix, induced by the incorporated PMMA. Furthermore, this generic strategy can be applied to design other mechanically robust biocomposites for advanced green devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Xuehong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 138634, Singapore
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44
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Beyond biodegradation: Chemical upcycling of poly(lactic acid) plastic waste to methyl lactate catalyzed by quaternary ammonium fluoride. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Iglesias-Montes ML, Soccio M, Luzi F, Puglia D, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Manfredi LB, Cyras VP. Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Disintegration under a Composting Process of Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3171. [PMID: 34578071 PMCID: PMC8472262 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall migration behavior and the disintegration under composting conditions of films based on plasticized poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA-PHB) blends were studied, with the main aim of determining the feasibility of their application as biodegradable food packaging materials. The role of composition in the disintegration process was evaluated by monitoring the changes in physical and thermal properties that originated during the degradation process. PLA and PHB were blended in two weight ratios with 15 wt% of tributyrin, using a Haake mixer and then compression molded into ~150 μm films. We found that the migration level of all of the studied blends was below check intended meaning retained in non-polar simulants, while only plasticized blends could withstand the contact with polar solvents. The disintegration of all of the materials in compost at 58 °C was completed within 42 days; the plasticized PHB underwent the fastest degradation, taking only 14 days. The presence of the TB plasticizer speeded up the degradation process. Different degradation mechanisms were identified for PLA and PHB. To evaluate the annealing effect separately from bacteria degradation, the influence of temperature on materials in the absence of a compost environment was also studied. With the increasing time of degradation in compost, both melting temperature and maximum degradation temperature progressively decreased, while the crystallinity degree increased, indicating that the samples were definitely degrading and that the amorphous regions were preferentially eroded by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Iglesias-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
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46
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Danko M, Mosnáčková K, Vykydalová A, Kleinová A, Puškárová A, Pangallo D, Bujdoš M, Mosnáček J. Properties and Degradation Performances of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Blends and Keratin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162693. [PMID: 34451232 PMCID: PMC8399615 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
From environmental aspects, the recovery of keratin waste is one of the important needs and therefore also one of the current topics of many research groups. Here, the keratin hydrolysate after basic hydrolysis was used as a filler in plasticized polylactic acid/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blend under loading in the range of 1–20 wt%. The composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and the effect of keratin on changes in molar masses of matrices during processing was investigated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal properties of the composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of keratin loading on the mechanical properties of composite was investigated by tensile test and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Hydrolytic degradation of matrices and composites was investigated by the determination of extractable product amounts, GPC, DSC and NMR. Finally, microbial growth and degradation were investigated. It was found that incorporation of keratin in plasticized PLA/PHB blend provides material with good thermal and mechanical properties and improved degradation under common environmental conditions, indicating its possible application in agriculture and/or packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarína Mosnáčková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Anna Vykydalová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Angela Kleinová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Andrea Puškárová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Domenico Pangallo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Marek Bujdoš
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (A.V.); (A.K.); (J.M.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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47
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Organic recycling of post-consumer /industrial bio-based plastics through industrial aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion - Techno-economic sustainability criteria and indicators. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Olkhov A, Alexeeva O, Konstantinova M, Podmasterev V, Tyubaeva P, Borunova A, Siracusa V, Iordanskii AL. Effect of Glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-trialeate on the Physicochemical Properties of Non-Woven Polylactic Acid Fiber Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2517. [PMID: 34372120 PMCID: PMC8347465 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible glycero (9,10-trioxolane) trioleate (ozonide of oleic acid triglyceride, OTOA) was incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) fibers by electrospinning and nonwoven PLA mats with 1%, 3% and 5% OTOA content. The morphological, mechanical, thermal and water sorption properties of electrospun PLA mats after the addition of OTOA were studied. A morphological analysis showed that the addition of OTOA increased the average fiber diameter and induced the formation of pores on the fiber surface, leading to an increase in the specific surface area for OTOA-modified PLA fibrous mats. PLA fiber mats with 3% OTOA content were characterized by a highly porous surface morphology, an increased specific surface area and high-water sorption. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to analyze the thermal properties of the fibrous PLA mats. The glass transition temperatures of the fibers from the PLA-OTOA composites decreased as the OTOA content increased, which was attributed to the plasticizing effect of OTOA. DSC results showed that OTOA aided the PLA amorphization process, thus reducing the crystallinity of the obtained nonwoven PLA-OTOA materials. An analysis of the mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength of electrospun PLA mats was improved by the addition of OTOA. Additionally, fibrous PLA mats with 3% OTOA content showed increased elasticity compared to the pristine PLA material. The obtained porous PLA electrospun fibers with the optimal 3% OTOA content have the potential for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery and in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy Olkhov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (P.T.)
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Ln 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga Alexeeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Marina Konstantinova
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Vyacheslav Podmasterev
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Polina Tyubaeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (P.T.)
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Ln 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Borunova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science (DSC), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alex L. Iordanskii
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
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49
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Ebrahimi F, Ramezani Dana H. Poly lactic acid (PLA) polymers: from properties to biomedical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1944140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Ebrahimi
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Hossein Ramezani Dana
- Laboratoire de Mécanique, Surface, Matériaux Procédés (MSMP) – EA 7350, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, HESAM Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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50
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Electrospun Nanosystems Based on PHBV and ZnO for Ecological Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132123. [PMID: 34203404 PMCID: PMC8272170 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrospun nanosystems containing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and 1 wt% Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) (with the content of dopant in the range of 0–1 wt% Fe) deposited onto polylactic acid (PLA) film were prepared for food packaging application. They were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), antimicrobial analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) techniques. Migration studies conducted in acetic acid 3% (wt/wt) and ethanol 10% (v/v) food simulants as well as by the use of treated ashes with 3% HNO3 solution reveal that the migration of Zn and Fe falls into the specific limits imposed by the legislation in force. Results indicated that the PLA/PHBV/ZnO:Fex electrospun nanosystems exhibit excellent antibacterial activity against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC-27853) due to the generation of a larger amount of perhydroxyl (˙OOH) radicals as assessed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with a spin trapping method.
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