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Wang X, Chen Y, Xie Y, Liu Y, Fan L, Li L, Wang Z, Yang L. Rapid analysis of bioactive compounds from citrus samples by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. Analyst 2024; 149:3857-3864. [PMID: 38855898 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Renowned for their nutritional benefits, citrus fruits are harvested at various stages in China for functional food production. This study introduces an innovative analytical method, DART-MS, enabling direct qualitative analysis of citrus samples without the need for preprocessing. Simultaneously, the combination of chemometrics can be applied to distinguish between three different citrus samples: Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, and Citri Reticulatae "Chachi". Notably, given the international regulatory concerns surrounding synephrine, a precise quantitative analysis method for synephrine was developed. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 39 ng mL-1 and 156 ng mL-1, respectively. The recovery rates obtained varied from 98.46% to 100.71%. Furthermore, the intra-day and inter-day precision demonstrated robust consistency, with values spanning 5.0-6.1% and 5.03-6.08%, respectively, offering quicker results compared to those from HPLC-MS, promising a safer assessment of herbal and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yilin Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yanqiao Xie
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yamin Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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He J, Qin Z, Liu K, Li X, Kou Y, Jin Z, He R, Hong M, Xiong B, Liao L, Sun G, He S, Zhang M, Liang D, Lv X, Wang X, Wang Z. Volatile metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses provide insights into the mechanism of volatile changes during fruit development of 'Ehime 38' ( Citrus reticulata) and its bud mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1430204. [PMID: 38984161 PMCID: PMC11231921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1430204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Volatile compounds are important determinants affecting fruit flavor. Previous study has identified a bud mutant of 'Ehime 38' (Citrus reticulata) with different volatile profile. However, the volatile changes between WT and MT during fruit development and underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, a total of 35 volatile compounds were identified in the pulps of WT and MT at five developmental stages. Both varieties accumulated similar and the highest levels of volatiles at stage S1, and showed a downward trend as the fruit develops. However, the total volatile contents in the pulps of MT were 1.4-2.5 folds higher than those in WT at stages S2-S5, which was mainly due to the increase in the content of d-limonene. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that most genes in MEP pathway were positively correlated with the volatile contents, of which DXS1 might mainly contribute to the elevated volatiles accumulation in MT by increasing the flux into the MEP pathway. Moreover, temporal expression analysis indicated that these MEP pathway genes functioned at different developmental stages. This study provided comprehensive volatile metabolomics and transcriptomics characterizations of a citrus mutant during fruit development, which is valuable for fruit flavor improvement in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Qin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiming Kou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghua Jin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiyuan He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Hong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siya He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zhao C, Wang Z, Liao Z, Liu X, Li Y, Zhou C, Sun C, Wang Y, Cao J, Sun C. Integrated Metabolomic-Transcriptomic Analyses of Flavonoid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit under Exogenous Melatonin Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6632. [PMID: 38928338 PMCID: PMC11204001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids in citrus fruits are crucial physiological regulators and natural bioactive products of high pharmaceutical value. Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone that can regulate plant morphogenesis and stress resistance and alter the accumulation of flavonoids in these processes. However, the direct effect of melatonin on citrus flavonoids remains unclear. In this study, nontargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were utilized to reveal how exogenous melatonin affects flavonoid biosynthesis in "Bingtangcheng" citrus fruits. The melatonin treatment at 0.1 mmol L-1 significantly increased the contents of seven polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) and up-regulated a series of flavonoid pathway genes, including 4CL (4-coumaroyl CoA ligase), FNS (flavone synthase), and FHs (flavonoid hydroxylases). Meanwhile, CHS (chalcone synthase) was down-regulated, causing a decrease in the content of most flavonoid glycosides. Pearson correlation analysis obtained 21 transcription factors co-expressed with differentially accumulated flavonoids, among which the AP2/EREBP members were the most numerous. Additionally, circadian rhythm and photosynthesis pathways were enriched in the DEG (differentially expressed gene) analysis, suggesting that melatonin might also mediate changes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by affecting the fruit's circadian rhythm. These results provide valuable information for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms through which melatonin regulates citrus fruit metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenning Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhenkun Liao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yujia Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Chenwen Zhou
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Cui Sun
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China;
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China;
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4
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Munir H, Yaqoob S, Awan KA, Imtiaz A, Naveed H, Ahmad N, Naeem M, Sultan W, Ma Y. Unveiling the Chemistry of Citrus Peel: Insights into Nutraceutical Potential and Therapeutic Applications. Foods 2024; 13:1681. [PMID: 38890908 PMCID: PMC11172398 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent millennium has witnessed a notable shift in consumer focus towards natural products for addressing lifestyle-related disorders, driven by their safety and cost-effectiveness. Nutraceuticals and functional foods play an imperative role by meeting nutritional needs and offering medicinal benefits. With increased scientific knowledge and awareness, the significance of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, in reducing disease risk is widely acknowledged, facilitating access to a diverse and safer diet for longevity. Plant-based foods rich in phytochemicals are increasingly popular and effectively utilized in disease management. Agricultural waste from plant-based foods is being recognized as a valuable source of nutraceuticals for dietary interventions. Citrus peels, known for their diverse flavonoids, are emerging as a promising health-promoting ingredient. Globally, citrus production yields approximately 15 million tons of by-products annually, highlighting the substantial potential for utilizing citrus waste in phyto-therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. Citrus peels are a rich source of flavonoids, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 g/100 g dry weight, depending on the citrus variety. The most abundant flavonoids in citrus peel include hesperidin and naringin, as well as essential oils rich in monoterpenes like limonene. The peel extracts exhibit high antioxidant capacity, with DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 70 to 90%, comparable to synthetic antioxidants like BHA and BHT. Additionally, the flavonoids present in citrus peel have been found to have antioxidant properties, which can help reduce oxidative stress by 30% and cardiovascular disease by 25%. Potent anti-inflammatory effects have also been demonstrated, reducing inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α by up to 40% in cell culture studies. These findings highlight the potential of citrus peel as a valuable source of nutraceuticals in diet-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussan Munir
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Aysha Imtiaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 03802, Pakistan;
| | - Hiba Naveed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Waleed Sultan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
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Liu Y, Cheng Y, Yu X, Zhu J, Chen K, Kuang Y, Wu K, Jiang F. Konjac glucomannan films incorporated pectin-stabilized Mandarin oil emulsions: Structure, properties, and application in fruit preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131292. [PMID: 38580015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the water-resistance and antibacterial properties of KGM films, mandarin oil (MO), was directly emulsified by pectin and then dispersed to the KGM matrix. The effect of MO concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 wt%) on the performance of the film-forming emulsions as well as the emulsion films was investigated. The results revealed that pectin could encapsulate and protect MO, and KGM as film matrix could further contributed to the high stability of the film-forming emulsions. The FT-IR, XRD, and SEM suggested that MO stabilized by pectin was uniformly distributed in the KGM matrix. The compatibility and good interaction between KGM and pectin contributed to highly dense and compact structure. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of MO effectively improved water-resistance, oxygen barrier, and antimicrobial activity of the KGM based films. The 1.5 wt% MO loaded KGM film had the highest tensile strength (72.22 MPa) and water contact angle (θ = 95.73°), reduced the WVP and oxygen permeability by about 25.8 % and 32.8 times, respectively, prolonged the shelf life of strawberries for 8 days. As demonstrated, the 1.5 wt% MO-loaded KGM film has considerable potential for high-performance natural biodegradable active films to ensure food safety and reduce environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; Centre for Water Soluble Polymers, Wrexham Glyndwr University, Wrexham, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhang Cheng
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Kao Wu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Fatang Jiang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Budiarto R, Ujilestari T, Rumhayati B, Adli DN, Hudaya MF, Sitaresmi PI, Widodo S, Wulandari W, Wahyono T, Sholikin MM. Meta-analysis of citrus-derived additives on chicken meat quality and safety: a comprehensive evaluation of acceptability, physicochemical properties, and microbial contamination. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103556. [PMID: 38430777 PMCID: PMC10912930 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus represents a valuable repository of antioxidant substances that possess the potential for the preservation of meat quality. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of citrus additives on the quality and safety of chicken meat. Adhering to the PRISMA protocol, we initially identified 103 relevant studies, from which 20 articles meeting specific criteria were selected for database construction. Through the amalgamation of diverse individual studies, this research provides a comprehensive overview of chicken meat quality and safety, with a specific focus on the influence of citrus-derived additives. Minimal alterations were observed in the nutritional quality of chicken meat concerning storage temperature and duration. The findings demonstrated a significant reduction in aerobic bacterial levels, with Citrus aurantiifolia exhibiting the highest efficacy (P < 0.01). Both extracted and nonextracted citrus components, applied through coating, curing, and marinating, effectively mitigated bacterial contamination. Notably, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations were significantly reduced, particularly with Citrus hystrix (P < 0.01). Total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), an indicator of protein degradation, exhibited a decrease, with citrus extract displaying enhanced efficacy (P < 0.01). Chemical composition changes were marginal, except for a protein increase after storage (P < 0.01). Hedonic testing revealed varied preferences, indicating improvements in flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability after storage (P < 0.01). The study underscores the effectiveness of citrus additives in preserving chicken meat quality, highlighting their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, despite some observed alterations in texture and chemical composition. Citrus additives have been proven successful in 1) mitigating adverse effects on chicken meat during storage, especially with Citrus hystrix exhibiting potent antimicrobial properties, and 2) enhancing the hedonic quality of chicken meat. This research strongly advocates for the application of citrus additives to uphold the quality and safety of chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; Meta-Analysis in Plant Science (MAPS) Research Group, Bandung 40621, Indonesia.
| | - Tri Ujilestari
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul 55861, Indonesia
| | - Barlah Rumhayati
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Danung Nur Adli
- Feed and Animal Nutrition Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia; Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16915, Indonesia
| | - Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16915, Indonesia; Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Widodo
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16915, Indonesia
| | - Wulandari Wulandari
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16915, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wahyono
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul 55861, Indonesia; Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16915, Indonesia; Meta-Analysis in Plant Science (MAPS) Research Group, Bandung 40621, Indonesia; Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; Center for Tropical Animal Studies (CENTRAS), The Institute of Research and Community Empowerment of IPB (LPPM IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Wang H, Wang P, Wang F, Chen H, Chen L, Hu Y, Liu Y. Integrated HS-GC-IMS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-based metabolomics revealed the characteristics and differential volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of different citrus peels. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100755. [PMID: 38756737 PMCID: PMC11096708 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus is an important genus in the Rutaceae family, and citrus peels can be used in both food and herbal medicine. However, the bulk of citrus peels are discarded as waste by the fruit processing industry, causing environmental pollution. This study aimed to provide guidelines for the rational and effective use of citrus peels by elucidating the volatile and nonvolatile metabolites within them using metabolomics based on headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the citrus peels were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. In total, 103 volatile and 53 nonvolatile metabolites were identified and characterized. Alcohols, aldehydes, and terpenes constituted 87.36% of the volatile metabolites, while flavonoids and carboxylic acids accounted for 85.46% of the nonvolatile metabolites. Furthermore, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, L-pipecolinic acid, and limonin were identified as characteristic components of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan (PK), C. reticulata 'Unshiu' (CLU), and C. reticulata 'Wo Gan' (WG), respectively. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis indicated that C. reticulata Blanco 'Chun Jian' (CJ), PK, CLU, and C. reticulata 'Dahongpao' (DHP) were clustered together. DHP is a traditional Chinese medicine documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, suggesting that the chemical compositions of CJ, PK, and CLU may also have medicinal values similar to those of DHP. Moreover, DHP, PK, C. reticulata 'Ai Yuan 38'(AY38), CJ, C. reticulata 'Gan Ping'(GP), and C. reticulata 'Qing Jian'(QJ) displayed better antioxidant activities, recommending their use as additives in cosmetics and food. Correlation analysis suggested that some polyphenols including tangeritin, nobiletin, skullcapflavone II, genistein, caffeic acid, and isokaempferide were potential antioxidant compounds in citrus peel. The results of this study deepen our understanding of the differences in metabolites and antioxidant activities of different citrus peel varieties and ultimately provide guidance for the full and rational use of citrus peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
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8
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Kazemi M, Valizadeh R. Utilization of some fruit rinds in small ruminant feeding: nutritional characteristics determination. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:144. [PMID: 38668765 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Every year, thousands of tons of fruit wastes are produced worldwide while most of them remain unused and are released into the environment. Incorporation of these wastes to feedstuffs reduces competition between food and feed, and reduces environmental risks or methane yield in ruminants. Nevertheless, no comprehensive research was available on the nutritional properties of rinds of different fruits in small ruminant feeding. Hence, this research investigates the nutritional potential of some fruit's rinds (Kiwi, Tangerine, Grapefruit, Sweet lemon, Sour lemon, Banana, Mango, Orange, Apple, Peach, and Persimmon) by in vitro ruminal-microbial and standard laboratory methods. Persimmon rind had the higher total phenolic contents (TPC, 22 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry matter: DM) than the other treatments (P < 0.0001). The ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ash contents of banana rind were greater (P < 0.0001), however its DM, relative feed value (RFV), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) were lower than the other treatments (P < 0.0001). A different range of minerals was observed among fruit rinds along with a higher content of potassium (42.5 g/kg DM) and manganese (49 mg/kg DM) in banana rind (P < 0.0001). Persimmon (45.7 ml/200 mg DM) and sweet lemon (75.7 ml/200 mg DM) rinds recorded the lowest and highest potential gas production, respectively (P < 0.0001). Persimmon exhibited a lower percentage of methane (11.5%) rather than other rinds (P < 0.0001). The total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and metabolizable energy (ME) in sweet lemon, and dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) in tangerine were greater compared with other rinds. The rind of the banana exhibited the highest amounts of titratable acidity (283 mEq×10- 3), acid-buffering capacity (200 mEq×10- 3), and acid-base buffering capacity (260 mEq×10- 3) (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the present rinds differed in chemical-nutritional characteristics. These rinds may feed as a substitute for conventional forages in the diets of small ruminants on a large scale throughout the year; however, these in vitro findings need to be scientifically validated under in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kazemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Torbat-e Jam, Torbat-e Jam, Iran.
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Im ST, Kang H, Kim J, Kim SR, Kim KN, Lee SH. Narirutin-Rich Celluclast Extract from Mandarin ( Citrus unshiu) Peel Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Promotes Energy Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4475. [PMID: 38674060 PMCID: PMC11049868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mandarin peel, a main by-product from the processing of citrus juice, has been highlighted for its various bioactivities and functional ingredients. Our previous study proved the inhibitory effects of Celluclast extract from mandarin peel (MPCE) on lipid accumulation and differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of MPCE in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis exhibited that narirutin and hesperidin are the main active components of MPCE. Our current results showed that MPCE supplementation decreased adiposity by reducing body and organ weights in HFD-induced obese mice. MPCE also reduced triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and leptin contents in the serum of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, MPCE significantly inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating the expression levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Furthermore, MPCE administration significantly inhibited both adipogenesis and lipogenesis, with modulation of energy metabolism by activating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the white adipose tissue (WAT). Altogether, our findings indicate that MPCE improves HFD-induced obesity and can be used as a curative agent in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals to alleviate obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tae Im
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heejoo Kang
- ILHAE Co., Ltd., Jeju 695962, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jusang Kim
- ILHAE Co., Ltd., Jeju 695962, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Metropolitan Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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10
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An L, Chang G, Zhang L, Wang P, Gao W, Li X. Pectin: Health-promoting properties as a natural galectin-3 inhibitor. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:93-118. [PMID: 38630380 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 has a variety of important pathophysiological significance in the human body. Much evidence shows that the abnormal expression of galectin-3 is related to the formation and development of many diseases. Pectin is mostly obtained from processed citrus fruits and apples and is a known natural inhibitor of galactin-3. A large number of peels produced each year are discarded, and it is necessary to recycle some of the economically valuable active compounds in these by-products to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution. By binding with galectin-3, pectin can directly reduce the expression level of galectin-3 on the one hand, and regulate the expression level of cytokines by regulating certain signaling pathways on the other hand, to achieve the effect of treating diseases. This paper begins by presenting an overview of the basic structure of pectin, subsequently followed by a description of the structure of galectin-3 and its detrimental impact on human health when expressed abnormally. The health effects of pectin as a galectin-3 inhibitor were then summarized from the perspectives of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, ameliorating fibrotic diseases, and anti-diabetes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of future research on pectin are presented, which provide important references for expanding the application of pectin in the pharmaceutical industry or developing functional dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Guanglu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, 300402, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Pengwang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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11
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Flores N, Prado J, Espin R, Rodríguez H, Pais-Chanfrau JM. Laboratory evaluation of a bio-insecticide candidate from tangerine peel extracts against Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). PeerJ 2024; 12:e16885. [PMID: 38525279 PMCID: PMC10959105 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The excessive use of synthetic insecticides in modern agriculture has led to environmental contamination and the development of insect resistance. Also, the prolonged use of chemical insecticides in producing flowers and tomatoes in greenhouses has caused health problems for workers and their offspring. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of mandarin peel (Citrus reticulata L.) essential oil (EO) as a natural insecticide against greenhouse whitefly (Trieurodes vaporariorum W., Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), a common pest in greenhouse production of different crops. Methods Petroleum ether (PET) and n-hexane (HEX) were used as solvents to extract essential oil (EO) from tangerine peels. Results The yield of EO was 1.59% and 2.00% (m/m) for PET and HEX, respectively. Additionally, the insect-killing power of EO was tested by checking how many greenhouse whiteflies died at different times. The results showed that PET and HEX extracts of tangerine EO effectively controlled greenhouse whiteflies. Furthermore, with both solvents, a 12.5% (v/v) application was as practical as the commercial insecticide imidacloprid. Further characterization tests with the polarimeter, FTIR, HPLC-RP, and GC-MS showed that the essential oil (EO) contained about 41% (v/v) of d-limonene and that this compound may be responsible for the observed insecticidal properties. Conclusion Therefore, tangerine peel essential oil is an excellent botanical insecticide candidate for controlling greenhouse whiteflies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Prado
- FICAYA/Carrera de Agroindustria, Universidad Técnica del Norte (UTN), Ibarra, Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Rosario Espin
- FICAYA/Carrera de Agroindustria, Universidad Técnica del Norte (UTN), Ibarra, Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Hortensia Rodríguez
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Imbabura, Ecuador
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12
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Cui R, Zhang C, Pan ZH, Hu TG, Wu H. Probiotic-fermented edible herbs as functional foods: A review of current status, challenges, and strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13305. [PMID: 38379388 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, consumers have become increasingly interested in natural, health-promoting, and chronic disease-preventing medicine and food homology (MFH). There has been accumulating evidence that many herbal medicines, including MFH, are biologically active due to their biotransformation through the intestinal microbiota. The emphasis of scientific investigation has moved from the functionally active role of MFH to the more subtle role of biotransformation of the active ingredients in probiotic-fermented MFH and their health benefits. This review provides an overview of the current status of research on probiotic-fermented MFH. Probiotics degrade toxins and anti-nutritional factors in MFH, improve the flavor of MFH, and increase its bioactive components through their transformative effects. Moreover, MFH can provide a material base for the growth of probiotics and promote the production of their metabolites. In addition, the health benefits of probiotic-fermented MFH in recent years, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-neurodegenerative, skin-protective, and gut microbiome-modulating effects, are summarized, and the health risks associated with them are also described. Finally, the future development of probiotic-fermented MFH is prospected in combination with modern development technologies, such as high-throughput screening technology, synthetic biology technology, and database construction technology. Overall, probiotic-fermented MFH has the potential to be used in functional food for preventing and improving people's health. In the future, personalized functional foods can be expected based on synthetic biology technology and a database on the functional role of probiotic-fermented MFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Ding Z, Han J. The Application of Natural Carotenoids in Multiple Fields and Their Encapsulation Technology: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:967. [PMID: 38474479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, which are inherent pigments occurring in plants and microorganisms, manifest a diverse array of vivid hues. Owing to their multifarious health advantages, carotenoids have engendered substantial interest among scholars and consumers alike. Presently, carotenoids are extensively employed in the realms of food, nutrition and health commodities, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, rendering them an indispensable constituent of our quotidian existence. Therefore, the objective of this review is to present a succinct and methodical examination of the sources, constituents, and factors influencing formation of carotenoids. Particular attention will be given to encapsulation strategies that maintain intrinsic characteristics, as the growing desire for carotenoids is propelled by individuals' escalating standards of living. Moreover, the applications of natural carotenoids in multiple fields, including pharmaceutical, food and feed, as well as cosmetics, are discussed in detail. Finally, this article explores the main challenges hindering the future advancement of carotenoids, aiming at facilitating their effective integration into the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Huaizhen Zhang
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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14
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Wang C, Peng M, Gao Z, Han Q, Fu F, Li G, Su D, Huang L, Guo J, Shan Y. Untargeted Metabolomic Analyses and Antilipidemic Effects of Citrus Physiological Premature Fruit Drop. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1876. [PMID: 38339154 PMCID: PMC10855584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasingly globally prevalent obesity and related metabolic disorders have underscored the demand for safe and natural therapeutic approaches, given the limitations of weight loss drugs and surgeries. This study compared the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of five different varieties of citrus physiological premature fruit drop (CPFD). Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify variations in metabolites among different CPFDs, and their antilipidemic effects in vitro were assessed. The results showed that Citrus aurantium L. 'Daidai' physiological premature fruit drop (DDPD) and Citrus aurantium 'Changshan-huyou' physiological premature fruit drop (HYPD) exhibited higher levels of phytochemicals and stronger antioxidant activity. There were 97 differential metabolites identified in DDPD and HYPD, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, terpenes, and lipids. Additionally, DDPD and HYPD demonstrated potential antilipidemic effects against oleic acid (OA)-induced steatosis in HepG2 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, our findings reveal the outstanding antioxidant activity and antilipidemic effects of CPFD, indicating its potential use as a natural antioxidant and health supplement and promoting the high-value utilization of this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mingfang Peng
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qi Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fuhua Fu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Donglin Su
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lvhong Huang
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiajing Guo
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Dongting Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
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15
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Desmiaty Y, Sandhiutami NMD, Mulatsari E, Maziyah FA, Rahmadhani K, Algifari HOZ, Jantuna FA. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of NF-κB and sEH of some citrus peel and phytoconstituent characteristics. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101959. [PMID: 38303924 PMCID: PMC10831157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In Indonesia, there are many types of citrus where parts of the fruit, leaves, and peel can be utilized as food, drinks, spices, and medicine. This research aims to determine the phytochemical characteristics, antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of NF-κB and sEH, and the main phytoconstituents of three types of citrus fruits that are commonly used as herbs in Indonesia. The flesh and peel of Citrus amblycarpa/CAm, C. aurantiifolia/CAu, and C. hystrix/CH were extracted by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) with 70 % ethanol and then concentrated. All extracts were tested for total flavonoid content (TFC), total polyphenolic content (TPC), chemical constituents using LCMS, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Molecular docking tests of 33 compounds containing CAm, CAu, and CH fruit peels from the literature study against NF-κB (Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta) and sEH (Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase) were also conducted. The TFC in fruit peels was 13.47-17.34 mg QE/g extract, and in flesh was 1.35-2.51 mg QE/g extract. The TPC in fruit peels was 4.28-6.3 mg GAE/g extract, and in flesh was 0.85-2.09 mg GAE/g extract. The IC50 values of antioxidant activity on fruit peel were 74.01-168.54 µg/mL; and flesh 185.62-2669 µg/mL. CAu peels provided the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. The LC-MS/MS test on citrus peels shows the main chemical compounds: naringin (C27H32O14), naringenin (C15H12O5), hesperidin (C28H34O15), and hesperitin (C16H14O6). Molecular docking shows that naringin and neohesperidin predicted inhibit NF-κB, and hesperidin, neohesperidin, narirutin, naringin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, eriocitrin, sinensetin, and vitamin A predicted can inhibit sEH enzyme. All citrus peel has stronger antioxidant activity and more flavonoids and phenolics than the flesh. Naringin and neohesperidin can inhibit NF-κB and sEH enzymes. The main flavonoid contents of the citrus peels and presumed to have activity are hesperidin and naringin. These flavonoids and their glycosides can be used as marker phytoconstituents in the quality assurance of pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesi Desmiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | | | - Esti Mulatsari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
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16
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Zhong Y, Liang Y, Jia M, Si B, Lv L. Synephrine, as a scavenger and promoter, cooperates with hesperidin to reduce acrolein levels. Food Chem 2024; 431:136896. [PMID: 37591144 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (ACR) is a harmful and active aldehyde produced in processed food that endangers foods safety. We undertook this work to explore the ACR-trapping ability of hesperidin (HES) and synephrine (SYN) from the diet. After comparing their ACR-trapping abilities, the reaction pathways of HES and SNY were analyzed using LC-MS/MS, and two adducts (HES-ACR-1 and SNY-2ACR) were synthesized, and their structures were identified by NMR. Then, we not only evaluated the synergistic trapping effects of HES and SNY on ACR in the model through the Chou-Talalay method but verified it in the processing of roasted duck wings and cookies. Furthermore, based on the quantitative analysis of the ACR-adducts of HES and SNY, we demonstrated that SYN, as a promoter, could greatly improve the ACR-capturing ability of HES by forming more adducts (3-fold). Our findings could serve as a guide for using SNY and HES as new scavengers in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2(#) Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2(#) Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengwei Jia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2(#) Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bo Si
- National Liquor Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Suqian Product Quality Supervision & Inspection Institute, 889(#) Fazhan Road, Suqian 223800, PR China
| | - Lishuang Lv
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2(#) Xuelin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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17
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Xu Y, Li G, Mo L, Li M, Luo J, Shen Q, Quan W. Citrus Peel Extracts: Effective Inhibitors of Heterocyclic Amines and Advanced Glycation End Products in Grilled Pork Meat Patties. Foods 2023; 13:114. [PMID: 38201140 PMCID: PMC10778351 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, citrus peels were extracted using various conventional and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Compared to other citrus peel extracts, the DES extract based on choline chloride showed notably higher total phenolic and flavonoid content levels, along with superior antioxidant activity, among these extracts. Consequently, this study aimed to further investigate the inhibitory effects of the choline chloride based DES extract on the production of both free and bound heterocyclic amines (HAs) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in roast pork meat patties. The results indicated that the addition of choline chloride-based DES extracts, particularly the choline chloride-carbamide based DES extract, can effectively reduce the oxidation of lipids and proteins by quenching free radicals. This approach proves to be the most efficient in reducing the formation of both HAs and AGEs, leading to a significant reduction of 19.1-68.3% and 11.5-66.5% in free and protein-bound HAs, respectively. Moreover, the levels of free and protein-bound AGEs were reduced by 50.8-50.8% and 30.5-39.8%, respectively, compared to the control group. Furthermore, the major phenolics of citrus peel extract identified by UHPLC-MS were polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) including hesperidin, isosinensetin, sinensetin, tetramethoxyflavone, tangeretin, and hexamethoxyflavone, which inferring that these compounds may be the main active ingredients responsible for the antioxidant activity and inhibition effects on the formation of HAs and AGEs. Further research is needed to explore the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of PMFs with different chemical structures on the formation of HAs and AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (Q.S.)
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (Q.S.)
| | - Lan Mo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (Q.S.)
| | - Maiquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (Q.S.)
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (Q.S.)
| | - Qingwu Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (Q.S.)
| | - Wei Quan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China (Q.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Li T, Chen K, Wang X, Wang Y, Su Y, Guo Y. Mass Spectrometry Rearrangement Ions and Metabolic Pathway-Based Discovery of Indole Derivatives during the Aging Process in Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. Foods 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 38201037 PMCID: PMC10778486 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid analysis and characterization of compounds using mass spectrometry (MS) may overlook trace compounds. Although targeted analysis methods can significantly improve detection sensitivity, it is hard to discover novel scaffold compounds in the trace. This study developed a strategy for discovering trace compounds in the aging process of traditional Chinese medicine based on MS fragmentation and known metabolic pathways. Specifically, we found that the characteristic component of C. reticulata 'Chachi', methyl N-methyl anthranilate (MMA), fragmented in electrospray ionization coupled with collision-induced dissociation (CID) to produce the rearrangement ion 3-hydroxyindole, which was proven to exist in trace amounts in C. reticulata 'Chachi' based on comparison with the reference substance using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Combining the known metabolic pathways of 3-hydroxyindole and the possible methylation reactions that may occur during aging, a total of 10 possible indole derivatives were untargeted predicted. These compounds were confirmed to originate from MMA using purchased or synthesized reference substances, all of which were detected in C. reticulata 'Chachi' through LC-MS/MS, achieving trace compound analysis from untargeted to targeted. These results may contribute to explaining the aging mechanism of C. reticulata 'Chachi', and the strategy of using the CID-induced special rearrangement ion-binding metabolic pathway has potential application value for discovering trace compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.C.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.C.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.C.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yue Su
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.C.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
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Zhang AA, Ni JB, Martynenko A, Chen C, Fang XM, Ding CJ, Chen J, Zhang JW, Xiao HW. Electrohydrodynamic drying of citrus (Citrus sinensis L.) peel: Comparative evaluation on the physiochemical quality and volatile profiles. Food Chem 2023; 429:136832. [PMID: 37453333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on the concept of circular economy, citrus peel was considered a valuable source of bioactive compounds for high-value foods. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying is a novel technology appropriated for the dehydration of heat-sensitive products such as citrus peel. In current work, EHD drying of citrus peel was performed based on alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) sources at various voltage levels (9, 18, 27, 36, and 45 kV). The effect of EHD on drying characteristics, water retention capacity, enzyme inactivation, phytochemical contents (phenolic compounds and carotenoids), and volatile compounds of citrus peel were evaluated and compared. Results showed that the drying time in the AC electric field was shorter compared to DC electric field at the same applied voltages due to the polarization layer formed by unipolar charges. The applied voltage determined electric field strength as well as the degree of tissue collapse and cell membrane rupture. EHD elucidated the transformation and degradation of phytochemicals including phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and volatile composition in proportion to the applied voltage. The findings indicate that EHD drying with AC improves drying behaviors, inactivates enzymes, and retains the phytochemical properties of citrus peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-An Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Bao Ni
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Alex Martynenko
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 630 West North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Fang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xiangshan Beigou, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Ding
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 194, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, China.
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Cao X, Shi K, Xu Y, Zhang P, Zhang H, Pan S. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal antioxidant mechanisms and potential pharmacological ingredients of citrus herbs. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113514. [PMID: 37986422 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of citrus herbs are strongly associated with their secondary metabolites. In the study, we conducted widely-targeted metabolomics and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to compare the variability of ingredients in four citrus herbs. In total, we discovered 1126 secondary metabolites, primarily comprising flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and coumarins, and alkaloids. Differential metabolites of citrus herbs were searched by multivariate statistical analysis. Notably, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium contained higher levels of flavonoids, while Zhique and Huajuhong demonstrated a greater abundance of coumarins. Among the flavonoids determined by UPLC, Guangchenpi demonstrated significantly elevated levels of polymethoxyflavones (tangeretin and nobiletin) compared to other citrus herbs. Additionally, we determined their antioxidant capacity (Chenpi > Guangchenpi > Huajuhong > Zhique) using in vitro assays. Finally, we utilized network pharmacology to explore the antioxidant mechanisms and potential pharmacological ingredients, providing a basis for future preventive and therapeutic applications of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Kaixin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Zhang M, Liu N, Dong F, Wang L, Xu J, Wu X, Zheng Y, Pan X. The fate of mycotoxins in oranges during storage and processing. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:1614-1624. [PMID: 38011597 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2282555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the safety of orange consumption induced by mycotoxins, 'Newhall' navel oranges were artificially inoculated with P. expansum and A. tenuissima, followed by an evaluation of the distribution and migration patterns of corresponding mycotoxins (patulin [PAT], tentoxin [Ten], altenuene [ALT], alternariol monomethyl ether [AME], alternariol [AOH] and tenuazonic acid [TeA]) during orange storage and processing. The concentration of mycotoxins decreased as the increase of distance from the lesion, and mycotoxins could be detected throughout the orange when the lesion extended to 8 mm in diameter. AOH and AME pose the primary source of dietary risk with high concentrations and low thresholds of toxicological concern. Orange juice and pectin processing could remove 43.4-98.7% of mycotoxins, while tangerine peelprocessing might lead to significant enrichment of mycotoxins with the processing factors (PFs) of 2.8-3.5. The findings may offer scientific insights into mitigating the dietary risk of mycotoxin exposure from oranges and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liping Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Jiao Y, Zhang S, Jin H, Wang Y, Jia Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Liao W, Chen LS, Guo J. Fruit quality assessment based on mineral elements and juice properties in nine citrus cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280495. [PMID: 38098794 PMCID: PMC10720443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Citrus fruit is considered a superfood due to its multiple nutritional functions and health benefits. Quantitative analysis of the numerous quality characteristics of citrus fruit is required to promote its sustainable production and industrial utilization. However, little information is available on the comprehensive quality assessment of various fruit quality indicators in different citrus cultivars. Methods A total of nine different fresh citrus fruits containing seeds were collected as the experimental materials. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the morphological and juice properties of citrus fruits, (ii) to measure the mineral elements in the peel, pulp, and seeds, and (iii) to evaluate the fruit quality index (FQI) using the integrated quality index (IQI) and the Nemoro quality index (NQI) methods. Results There were significant differences in fruit quality characteristics, including morphological, mineral, and juice quality, among the investigated citrus cultivars. The proportion of pulp biomass was the highest, followed by that of peel and seeds. N and Cu had the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively, among the measured elements across all citrus fruits, and the amounts of N, P, Mg, Cu, and Zn in seeds, K and Al in pulp, and Ca, Fe, and Mn in peel were the highest, dramatically affecting the accumulation of minerals in the whole fruit and their distribution in various fruit parts. Additionally, Ningmeng fruits had the highest vitamin C and titratable acidity (TA) but the lowest total soluble solids (TSS) and total phenolic (TP) contents, resulting in the lowest TSS/TA and pH values. In contrast, Jinju fruits had the highest TSS and TP contents. Based on the mineral element and juice quality parameters, principal component analysis showed that the citrus fruits were well separated into four groups, and the dendrogram also showed four clusters with different distances. The FQI range based on the IQI method (FQIIQI) and NQI method (FQINQI) was 0.382-0.590 and 0.106-0.245, respectively, and a positive relationship between FQIIQI and FQINQI was observed. Conclusion Our results highlight the great differences in mineral and juice characteristics among fruit parts, which mediated fruit quality. The strategy of fruit quality assessment using the FQI can be expanded for targeted utilization in the citrus industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Jiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuozhen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haitao Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Forestry Science and Technology Test Center of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liao
- Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiuxin Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation/International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Wang S, Kuperman LL, Song Z, Chen Y, Liu K, Xia Z, Xu Y, Yu Q. An overview of limonoid synthetic derivatives as promising bioactive molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115704. [PMID: 37544186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Limonoids, a class of abundant natural tetracyclic triterpenoids, present diverse biological activity and provide a versatile platform amenable by chemical modifications for clinical use. Among all of the limonoids isolated from natural sources, obacunone, nomilin, and limonin are the primary hub of limonoid-based chemical modification research. To date, more than 800 limonoids analogs have been synthesized, some of which possess promising biological activities. This review not only discusses the synthesis of limonoid derivatives as promising therapeutic candidates and details the pharmacological studies of their underlying mechanisms from 2002 to 2022, but also proposes a preliminary limonoid synthetic structure-activity relationship (SAR) and provides future direction of limonoid derivatization research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochi Wang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Laura L Kuperman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Zhihui Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Yutian Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Qiuning Yu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Wang Z, Zhong T, Mei X, Chen X, Chen G, Rao S, Zheng X, Yang Z. Comparison of different drying technologies for brocade orange (Citrus sinensis) peels: Changes in color, phytochemical profile, volatile, and biological availability and activity of bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2023; 425:136539. [PMID: 37290238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of freeze drying (FD), heat pump drying (HPD), microwave drying (MD), and far-infrared drying (FID) on the quality of brocade orange peels (BOPs). Although the most attractive appearance, maximum levels of ascorbic acid (0.46 mg/g dry weight (DW)), carotenoids (total 16.34 μg/g DW), synephrine (15.58 mg/g DW), limonoids (total 4.60 mg/g DW), phenols (total 9142.80 μg/g DW), and antioxidant activity were observed in FD-BOPs, many aroma components in FD-BOPs were in the minimum levels. HPD-, and MD-BOPs depicted similar trends to FD-BOPs, but they contained the highest concentrations of limonene and β-myrcene. Phenols and ascorbic acid in MD-BOPs generally featured the highest levels of bioavailability, being to 15.99% and 63.94%, respectively. In comparison, FID was not beneficial for the preservation of bioactive compounds and volatile. Therefore, considering time and energy costs, HPD and particularly MD are more appropriate for the commercial production of dried BOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhong
- Sichuan Guojian Inspection Co., Ltd., Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Mei
- Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Jiangjin, Chongqing 402260, PR China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China
| | - Guangjing Chen
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, PR China
| | - Shengqi Rao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China.
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Wen J, Yu Y, Wu J, Cheng L, Cheang WS, Liu W, Fu M. Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' at Different Collection Stages Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Foods 2023; 12:3945. [PMID: 37959064 PMCID: PMC10648965 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are essential substances with antioxidant properties and high medicinal value. Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' peel (CRCP) is rich in flavonoids and has numerous health benefits. The different maturity periods of CRCP can affect the flavonoid contents and pharmacological effects. In this study, we successfully performed UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based metabolic analysis to compare the metabolites of CRCP at different harvesting periods (Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, and Dec) using a systematic approach. The results revealed the identification of a total of 168 flavonoid metabolites, including 61 flavones, 54 flavonols, 14 flavone C-glycosides, 14 dihydroflavones, 9 flavanones, 8 isoflavones, 3 flavanols, 3 dihydroflavonols, and 2 chalcones. Clustering analysis and PCA were used to separate the CRCP samples collected at different stages. Furthermore, from July to December, the relative contents of isoflavones, dihydroflavones, and dihydroflavonols gradually increased and flavanols gradually decreased over time. The relative content of flavonoid C-glycosides showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, reaching the highest value in August. This study contributes to a better understanding of flavonoid metabolites in CRCP at different harvesting stages and informs their potential future utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543002, China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Jing Wen
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Jijun Wu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Lina Cheng
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Wai-San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China;
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Manqin Fu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (L.C.)
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Aslan MN, Sukan-Karaçağıl B, Acar-Tek N. Roles of citrus fruits on energy expenditure, body weight management, and metabolic biomarkers: a comprehensive review. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad116. [PMID: 37702528 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are widely consumed for their nutritional and health benefits. They belong to the Rutaceae and have many varieties, such as sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), which is the most popular. Citrus fruits are rich in water (>80%), dietary fiber, and vitamins. They also contain bioactive components, which may modulate energy metabolism and lipid oxidation through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include stimulating β3-adrenergic receptors, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis, activating AMP kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α pathways, inhibiting lipogenesis and lipid accumulation, and inducing browning of white adipose tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms and outcomes of citrus fruits and their metabolites on energy metabolism and body weight in different experimental models. The literature was searched for in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies that investigated the effects of citrus consumption on energy expenditure, thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation. Citrus fruits and their metabolites have shown promising effects on energy metabolism and lipid oxidation in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, the evidence from human studies is limited and inconsistent. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are briefly discussed, and knowledge gaps and research needs are identified for future studies. Citrus fruits may have beneficial effects on energy metabolism and body weight, but more rigorous and well-designed human trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Aslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Sukan-Karaçağıl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Acar-Tek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Gómez-Mejía E, Sacristán I, Rosales-Conrado N, León-González ME, Madrid Y. Valorization of Citrus reticulata Blanco Peels to Produce Enriched Wheat Bread: Phenolic Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1742. [PMID: 37760045 PMCID: PMC10525822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fortification of foods with bioactive polyphenols aims to improve their functional properties and to provide health benefits. Yet, to exert their benefits, phenolic compounds must be released from the food matrix and absorbed by the small intestine after digestion, so assessing their bioaccessibility is crucial to determine their potential role. This work aims to incorporate Citrus reticulata Blanco peel extracts into wheat bread as a promising opportunity to increase their bioactive potential, along with supporting the sustainable management of citrus-industry waste. A control and a wheat bread enriched at 2% and 4% (w/v) with a phenolic extract from mandarin peels were prepared and analyzed for antioxidant activity and phenolic composition using LC-MS and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In addition, in vitro digestion was performed, and the digested extracts were analyzed with HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a significant increase in total flavonoid content (TFC, 2.2 ± 0.1 mg·g-1), antioxidant activity (IC50 = 37 ± 4 mg·g-1), and contents of quercetin, caffeic acid, and hesperidin in the 4% (w/v) enriched bread. Yet, most polyphenols were completely degraded after the in vitro digestion process, barring hesperidin (159 ± 36 μg·g-1), highlighting the contribution of citrus enrichment in the development of an enriched bread with antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gómez-Mejía
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.); (M.E.L.-G.); (Y.M.)
| | | | - Noelia Rosales-Conrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.); (M.E.L.-G.); (Y.M.)
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Gu Q, Gao X, Zhou Q, Li Y, Li G, Li P. Characterization of soluble dietary fiber from citrus peels (Citrus unshiu), and its antioxidant capacity and beneficial regulating effect on gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125715. [PMID: 37419261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber extracted from citrus peels (Citrus unshiu) by ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction. Unpurified soluble dietary fiber (CSDF) was compared with purified soluble dietary fiber (PSDF) in terms of composition, molecular weight, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and intestinal regulatory capacity. Results showed that the molecular weight of soluble dietary fiber was >15 kDa, which showed good shear thinning characteristics and belonged to non-Newtonian fluid. The soluble dietary fiber showed good thermal stability under 200 °C. The contents of total sugar, arabinose and sulfate in PSDF were higher than those in CSDF. At the same concentration, PSDF showed stronger free radical scavenging ability. In fermentation model experiments, PSDF promoted the production of propionic acid and increased the abundance of Bacteroides. These findings suggested that soluble dietary fiber extracted by the ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction has good antioxidant capacity and promotes intestinal health. It has broad development space in the field of functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Kim DS, Jeong SM, Jo SH, Chanmuang S, Kim SS, Park SM, Yun SH, Han SG, Cho JY, Kang I, Kim HJ. Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Storability of a New Citrus Variety, Yellowball, and Its Parent. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2863. [PMID: 37571017 PMCID: PMC10421519 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous citrus varieties have recently been developed to enhance their quality, information on their quality characteristics is limited. We assessed the quality characteristics of Yellowball, a novel citrus variety, by evaluating its appearance, storability, sensory properties, functionality, and metabolite profiles and then comparing these characteristics with those of its parent varieties, Haruka and Kiyomi. The metabolite profiles between the citrus varieties differed significantly, resulting in distinct physicochemical and functional qualities. The storability of Yellowball was significantly increased compared with that of its parent varieties owing to its strong antifungal activity and unique peel morphology, including the stoma and albedo layers. While we did not investigate the volatile compounds, overall functional activities, and detailed characteristics of each metabolite, our data provide valuable insights into the relationship between citrus metabolites, peel morphology, physicochemical properties, and storability, and demonstrate the potential of Yellowball as a promising variety in the citrus industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Shin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-man Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-m.J.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Seong-Ho Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-m.J.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Saoraya Chanmuang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Suk Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Republic of Korea; (S.S.K.); (S.M.P.); (S.H.Y.); (S.-G.H.)
| | - Suk Man Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Republic of Korea; (S.S.K.); (S.M.P.); (S.H.Y.); (S.-G.H.)
| | - Su Hyun Yun
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Republic of Korea; (S.S.K.); (S.M.P.); (S.H.Y.); (S.-G.H.)
| | - Seung-Gab Han
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seogwipo 63607, Republic of Korea; (S.S.K.); (S.M.P.); (S.H.Y.); (S.-G.H.)
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Inhae Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-m.J.); (S.-H.J.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Zhang M, Pan X, Dong F, Liu N, An X, Wang L, Xu J, Wu X, Zheng Y. Distribution, migration and changes of typical chemical preservatives on orange during storage and processing. Food Chem 2023; 415:135728. [PMID: 36848835 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the safety of orange treated with preservatives, we analyzed the distribution, migration and changes of the three most common preservatives (prochloraz, imazalil, and thiophanate-methyl) during orange storage and processing. After treatment, preservatives entered orange rapidly within 2 h, and with the greatest levels being in the outer yellow peel, followed by the stem, middle white peel, and finally pulp. The intra-fruit migration ability of the three preservatives correlated inversely with their octanol/water partition coefficients. Residual preservatives and their metabolites in orange pulp were less than 0.84 mg/kg in storage duration. Orange juice and pectin processing could effectively remove the residues, with processing factors (PFs) of 0.159-0.446 and 0.014-0.059. For tangerine peel, however, the process increased the levels of residual preservatives with PFs of 2.964-6.004. Therefore, concern is warranted with regard to the risk of dietary exposure to tangerine peel and essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaokang An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Andrade MA, Barbosa CH, Mariño-Cortegoso S, Barbosa-Pereira L, Sendón R, Buonocore GG, Stanzione M, Coelho A, Correia CB, Saraiva M, Quirós ARBD, Vilarinho F, Khwaldia K, Silva AS, Ramos F. LDPE and PLA Active Food Packaging Incorporated with Lemon by-Products Extract: Preparation, Characterization and Effectiveness to Delay Lipid Oxidation in Almonds and Beef Meat. Foods 2023; 12:2450. [PMID: 37444188 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene-based packaging with 4% lemon extract (LDPE/4LE) and two polylactic-based (PLA) packaging materials with 4% and 6% lemon extract (PLA/PEG/4LE and PLA/6LE) were produced. O2 and water permeability tests were performed, the total and individual phenolic compounds content were measured, and the films' antioxidant activities were determined. The films' ability to delay lipid oxidation was tested in two model foods: almonds, packaged with LDPE/4LE, PLA/4LE and PLA/6LE for a maximum period of 60 days at 40 °C (accelerated assay); and beef meat, packaged with the PLA/6LE for a maximum period of 11 days at 4 °C. The LE improved the WVP in all of the active films by 33%, 20% and 60% for the LDPE/4LE, PLA/4LE and PLA/6LE films, respectively. At the end of 10 days, the migration of phenolic compounds through the PLA films was measured to be 142.27 and 114.9 μg/dm2 for the PLA/4LE and PLA/6LE films, respectively, and was significantly higher than phenolic compounds migration measured for the LDPE/4LE (15.97 μg/dm2). Naringenin, apigenin, ferulic acid, eriocitrin, hesperidin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were the main identified compounds in the PLA, but only 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, naringenin and p-coumaric acid were identified in the LDPE films. Regarding the films' ability to delay lipid oxidation, LDPE/4LE presented the best results, showing a capacity to delay lipid oxidation in almonds for 30 days. When applied to raw beef meat, the PLA/6LE packaging was able to significantly inhibit lipid oxidation for 6 days, and successfully inhibited total microorganisms' growth until the 8th day of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Andrade
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE/LAQV), R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 55142 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cássia H Barbosa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center (METRICS), Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sandra Mariño-Cortegoso
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Giovanna G Buonocore
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Portici, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariamelia Stanzione
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Portici, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Anabela Coelho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Belo Correia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernanda Vilarinho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Khaoula Khwaldia
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE/LAQV), R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 55142 Porto, Portugal
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Li X, Qi H, Zhang X, Liang H, Zeng N. Jing-Fang n-butanol extract and its isolated JFNE-C inhibit ferroptosis and inflammation in LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophages via STAT3/p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116689. [PMID: 37315642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated valuable experience in the treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by Ferroptosis. Jing Jie and Fang Feng are two warm acrid exterior-resolving medicinal herbs that play an important role in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. The pairing of the two forms a drug pair (Jing-Fang) that shows significant advantages in fighting oxidative stress and inflammation. Whereas, the underlying mechanism needs to be further improved. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Jing-Fang n-butanol extract (JFNE) and its isolate C (JFNE-C) on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and the regulation effect on ferroptosis were investigated, and also the mechanism of STAT3/p53/SLC7A11 signal pathway-related to ferroptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Jing-Fang n-butanol extract (JFNE) and its active isolate (JFNE-C) were extracted and isolated. LPS-induced inflammation model in RAW264.7 cells was established to assess the anti-inflammatory effect and ferroptosis mechanism of JFNE and JFNE-C. The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured. The activity levels of antioxidant substances such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess ROS level, ferrous iron content and mitochondrial morphological changes. Through administration of Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), an ferroptosis inhibitor, to verify the role of JFNE and JFNE-C in regulating ferroptosis in resistance to the inflammatory response. Western blotting was used to determine whether the JFNE and JFNE-C exerted effectiveness by modulating the STAT3/p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. In addition, the important role of STAT3/p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway in drug regulation of ferroptosis and inflammatory response was further validated by administration of S3I-201 (STAT3 inhibitor). Finally, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to determine the major active components of JFNE and JFNE-C. RESULTS The results showed that treated with JFNE-C significantly reduced the contents of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the supernatant of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The pretreatment with JFNE and JFNE-C significantly decreased intracellular oxidative stress levels, including reductions of ROS and MDA levels, and increases of GSH-Px, SOD and GSH levels. In addition, JFNE and JFNE-C obviously reduced intracellular ferrous iron level, and JFNE-C was effective in alleviating mitochondrial damage which includes mitochondrial shrinkage, increase of mitochondrial membrane density and reduction and absence of cristae. Further results indicated that JFNE-C showed a reduction of p53 and p-p53 protein levels in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, while significantly increasing the protein expression levels of STAT3, p-STAT3, SLC7A11 and GPX4. Besides, JFNE-C contains key active substances such as 5-O-Methylvisammioside, Hesperidin and Luteolin. Remarkably, this is different from JFNE, which is rich in nutrients such as sucrose, choline and various amino acids. CONCLUSION These results suggest that JFNE and JFNE-C may exert anti-inflammatory effect through activating the STAT3/p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway to inhibit ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Hu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Xiongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Huan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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Wan H, Liu Y, Wang T, Jiang P, Wen W, Nie J. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis identifies a citrus ERF transcription factor CsERF003 as flavonoid activator. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111762. [PMID: 37295731 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF) modulation is a promising strategy for plant flavonoid improvement. Here, we observed evident decreases in some major flavones and flavonols and the expression of some key related genes in a 'Newhall' navel orange mutant (MT) relative to the wild type (WT). A consistently downregulated ERF TF CsERF003 in MT could increase the contents of major flavonoids and the precursor phenylalanine when transiently overexpressed in citrus fruit. Overexpression of CsERF003 in 'Micro-Tom' tomato (OE) resulted in a darker and redder fruit color than wild type 'Micro-Tom' (WTm). Two major flavonoids, naringeninchalcone and kaempferolrutinoside, were averagely induced by 7.99- and 36.83-fold in OEs, respectively, while little change was observed in other polyphenols, such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid. Key genes involved in the initiation of phenylpropanoid (PAL, 4CH, and 4CL) and flavonoid (CHS and CHI) biosynthesis were up-regulated, while most genes participating in the biosynthesis of other polyphenols, such as HCT and CCR, were down-regulated in OEs. Therefore, it could be concluded that carbon flux floods into the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and is then specifically directed for flavonoid biosynthesis. CsERF003 may be a potentially promising gene for fruit quality improvement and engineering of natural flavonoid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Wan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China; National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yihui Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Qingdao Agriculture Products Quality and Safety Center, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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He G, Chen X, Hou X, Yu X, Han M, Qiu S, Li Y, Qin S, Wang F. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic analysis reveals the effects of asomate on the citrus fruit. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100523. [PMID: 37275389 PMCID: PMC10232657 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the sugar-acid ratio is of great significance to the improvement of citrus fruit quality. The citric acid level in fruit is influenced by many factors. Among them, cultivar selection and production practices are the most important strategies under the grower's control. In recent years, an arsenic-containing preparation called "Tianmisu", with the main ingredient of asomate, has occasionally been reported to be used in citrus cultivation to improve the sweetness of fruits. In order to reveal the effects of the pesticide on citrus fruits, 'Harumi' tangor was treated with "Tianmisu", and the impact of this pesticide on fruit quality and metabolites was investigated through UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic analysis. Compared with the control, the concentration of titratable acidity, in particular citric acid, in the pulp of 'Harumi' tangor treated with the pesticide, was significantly reduced by 60.5%. The differences in metabolites between the pesticide-treated samples and the control were illustrated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA analysis demonstrated a clear discrimination, with R2Y and Q2 values of 0.982 and 0.933 in the positive mode and 0.984 and 0.900 in the negative mode, respectively. A total of 155 compounds were identified, and 63 characteristic components were screened out from the pesticide-treated samples compared to the control. Aside from the upregulation observed for a few metabolites, the majority of the compounds, including citric acid and various lipids, were down-regulated in the treated citrus fruits compared to the control. This study can serve as a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of organic acids in citrus and will be helpful in developing different strategies to improve citrus quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyun He
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xi Chen
- SCIEX Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Shanghai, 200335, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Mei Han
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shiting Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shudi Qin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
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Indriyani NN, Anshori JA, Permadi N, Nurjanah S, Julaeha E. Bioactive Components and Their Activities from Different Parts of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle for Food Development. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102036. [PMID: 37238855 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus aurantifolia is part of the Rutaceae family and belongs to the genus Citrus. It is widely used in food, the chemical industry, and pharmaceuticals because it has a unique flavor and odor. It is nutrient-rich and is beneficial as an antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insecticide. Secondary metabolites present in C. aurantifolia are what give rise to biological action. Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, limonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils are among the secondary metabolites/phytochemicals discovered in C. aurantifolia. Every portion of the plant's C. aurantifolia has a different composition of secondary metabolites. Environmental conditions such as light and temperature affect the oxidative stability of the secondary metabolites from C. aurantifolia. The oxidative stability has been increased by using microencapsulation. The advantages of microencapsulation are control of the release, solubilization, and protection of the bioactive component. Therefore, the chemical makeup and biological functions of the various plant components of C. aurantifolia must be investigated. The aim of this review is to discuss the bioactive components of C. aurantifolia such as essential oils, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic, limonoids, and alkaloids obtained from different parts of the plants and their biological activities such as being antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, an insecticide, and anti-inflammatory. In addition, various extraction techniques of the compounds out of different parts of the plant matrix as well as the microencapsulation of the bioactive components in food are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastiti Nur Indriyani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jamaludin Al Anshori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nandang Permadi
- Doctorate Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Sarifah Nurjanah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Euis Julaeha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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Yan Z, Zhou Z, Jiao Y, Huang J, Yu Z, Zhang D, Chen Y, Ni D. Hot-Air Drying Significantly Improves the Quality and Functional Activity of Orange Black Tea Compared with Traditional Sunlight Drying. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091913. [PMID: 37174450 PMCID: PMC10178095 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of traditional sunlight-dried orange black tea can be affected by weather variations, leading to its quality instability. This study investigated the feasibility of replacing sunlight drying with a new hot-air drying method in orange black tea production. The hot-air-dried orange black tea showed better sensory quality than the traditional outdoor-sunlight-dried tea, with a harmonious fruity aroma and sweet-mellow taste. The content of polyphenols and other quality components in the peel and tea leaves was significantly higher after hot-air drying than after sunlight drying. GC-MS analysis showed that the total number of volatile components of hot-air-dried tea (3103.46 μg/g) was higher than that of sunlight-dried tea (3019.19 μg/g). Compared with sunlight-dried orange black tea, the hot-air-dried orange black tea showed higher total antioxidant capacity, with an increase of 21.5% (FRAP), 7.5% (DPPH), and 17.4% (ABTS), as well as an increase of 38.1% and 36.3% in the inhibitory capacity on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Further analysis of the effects of different drying temperatures (40, 45, 50, and 60 °C) on the quality of orange black tea showed that the tea quality gradually decreased with the increase in drying temperature, with the most obvious decrease in the quality of orange black tea at the drying temperature of 60 °C. Low-temperature (40 °C) dried tea had better aroma coordination, higher fruit flavor, greater sweet-mellow taste, and higher retention of functional active substances in orange peel and black tea. In summary, compared with traditional sunlight drying, the hot-air drying method could reduce the drying time from 90 h to 20 h and improve the sensory quality and functional activity of orange black tea, suggesting it can replace the traditional sunlight drying process. This work is significant for improving the quality of orange black tea in practical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhihu Zhou
- Public Service Center of Quyuan Town, Zigui County, Yichang 443600, China
| | - Yuanfang Jiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - De Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang J, Zhang B, Zhu J, Ji J, Liu D, Gao R, Ma Y. Ferric chloride assisted QuEChERS method for separate detection of bifenazate and bifenazate-diazene in citrus fruits and its field validation. Food Chem 2023; 421:136149. [PMID: 37086520 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Bifenazate is widely recognized as an effective acaricide for citrus production in various regions. Detecting both the parent compound of bifenazate and its metabolite, bifenazate-diazene, simultaneously can be challenging owing to their tendency to undergo chemical interconversion. Current methods developed for detecting bifenazate or bifenazate-diazene residues often involve lengthy incubation periods and may not effectively separate the two compounds. In this study, we developed a convenient and fast method based on a modified QuEChERS method assisted by oxidants to concurrently detect bifenazate and bifenazate-diazene. Based on preliminary analysis, it appears that ferric chloride has the ability to react with a reducing substance present in citrus, which may prevent the reduction of bifenazate-diazene. The method was validated and applied in a field trial. This work reports a novel strategy to establish a balanced 'neutral' condition to create a potential method for efficient determination of bifenazate acaricide residues in fruit matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences, Jinan 250033, PR China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jiawen Ji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Desheng Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Rumin Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Saleem M, Durani AI, Asari A, Ahmed M, Ahmad M, Yousaf N, Muddassar M. Investigation of antioxidant and antibacterial effects of citrus fruits peels extracts using different extracting agents: Phytochemical analysis with in silico studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15433. [PMID: 37113773 PMCID: PMC10126929 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The peels extracted from various citrus species are major source of phenols, flavonoids and anti-microbial agents. The purpose of this study was a detailed investigation of the phytochemical and pharmacological character of the ethanolic (80%), methanolic and acetone extracts of the peel of local variants of orange (lemon, grape fruit, mousami, fruiter, and shikri malta). The extracts were studied to find out the total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoids (TF) present. The antioxidant activities were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect, and the reducing power was determined through free radical scavenging activity (FRAP) assays. The sensitivity of four bacterial strains to peels extracts was examined by applying the diffusion disc on agar medium method. It was found that ethanol was the best extracting agent for TPC and TF in fruit peels under study. The highest TPC (21.33 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g) was quantified in orange peels, whereas fruiter contained the lowest TPC (20.40 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g) in ethanolic extract. The highest amount of TF (2.02 ± 0.08 mg QE/g) was quantified in lemon peels, whereas shikri malta contained lowest quantity of TF (1.04 ± 0.02 mg QE/g). The highest free radical scavenging activity (93.1%) of DPPH was exhibited by lemon peels, whereas the least activity (78.6%) was shown by mousami peels. Ethanolic extract of orange peels demonstrated more reducing power while showing an absorption of 1.98, followed by methanolic (1.11) and acetone (0.81) extracts. The inhibition effect of methanolic extract of lemon peels (inhibition zone = 18 mm) against B. subtilis was considerable and comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to detect the compounds in ethanolic extract and up to 14 compounds were detected. These compounds were also assessed for their docking scores. Plausible binding modes with polyphenol oxidase and four best compounds were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to analyze their structural stability with receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Asnuzilawati Asari
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Numan Yousaf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
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Effect of Storage and Drying Treatments on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Composition of Lemon and Clementine Peel Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041624. [PMID: 36838611 PMCID: PMC9958772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtaining polyphenols from horticultural waste is an emerging trend that enables the valorization of resources and the recovery of value-added compounds. However, a pivotal point in the exploitation of these natural extracts is the assessment of their chemical stability. Hence, this study evaluates the effect of temperature storage (20 and -20 °C) and drying methods on the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of clementine and lemon peel extracts, applying HPLC-DAD-MS, spectrophotometric methods, and chemometric tools. Vacuum-drying treatment at 60 °C proved to be rather suitable for retaining the highest antioxidant activity and the hesperidin, ferulic, and coumaric contents in clementine peel extracts. Lemon extracts showed an increase in phenolic acids after oven-drying at 40 °C, while hesperidin and rutin were sustained better at 60 °C. Hydroethanolic extracts stored for 90 days preserved antioxidant activity and showed an increase in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in lemon peels, unlike in clementine peels. Additionally, more than 50% of the initial concentration was maintained up to 51 days, highlighting a half-life time of 71 days for hesperidin in lemon peels. Temperature was not significant in the preservation of the polyphenols evaluated, except for in rutin and gallic acid, thus, the extracts could be kept at 20 °C.
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40
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Han P, Yu Y, Zhang L, Ruan Z. Citrus peel ameliorates mucus barrier damage in HFD-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109206. [PMID: 36370925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Citrus peel is rich in bioactive components, especially polyphenols, which are considered to have great potential in the prevention of intestinal diseases. The intestinal mucus barrier is the first defense against the invasion of foreign substances. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility and mechanism of citrus peel in alleviating the mucus barrier damage in high-fat-diet (HFD) mice. We found that citrus peel powder (CPP) supplementation effectively reduced body weight, fat weight, intestinal permeability, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice. In particular, CPP increased the number of goblet cells, the protein expression of Mucin-2 (Muc2), and the thickness of the mucus layer, thereby strengthening the colonic mucus barrier function. Moreover, CPP supplementation also reduced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) proteins (GRP78 and CHOP) and increased the expression of T-synthase (O-glycosylation rate-limiting enzyme) and its chaperone protein (Cosmc) in the colon of HFD-fed mice, which suggested that CPP could improve the abnormal protein folding and O-glycosylation of Muc2 during processing and modification. In summary, our study indicates that CPP plays an effective role in relieving mucus barrier damage by improving the production and properties of Muc2, providing new perspectives on the development of CPP as a dietary supplement for strengthening the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - Yujuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China.
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Nutrition and School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
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41
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Purewal SS, Kaur P, Sandhu KS. Valorization of bioactive profile and antioxidant properties of Kinnow peel, and pulp residue: a step towards utilization of Kinnow waste for biscuit preparation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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42
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Jiang B, Cao S, Zhang J, Wang Z. Chiral Separation, Configuration Confirmation and Bioactivity Determination of the Stereoisomers of Hesperidin and Narirutin in Citrus reticulata Blanco. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020873. [PMID: 36677930 PMCID: PMC9867467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin and narirutin are a class of flavanone glycosides, which are the main active constituents in Citrus reticulata Blanco. In the present study, a chiral HPLC-UV method with amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) as a stationary phase under a normal-phase mode was used to achieve the stereoselective separation of the C-2 diastereomers of hesperidin and narirutin simultaneously. The single epimer was then successfully prepared by applying semi-preparative chromatography, whose absolute configuration (R/S) was characterized by combining the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) detection with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. The epimer composition of these two chiral flavanone glycosides in Citrus reticulata Blanco was then determined, which was found to be slightly different in the herbs from different production regions. The anti-inflammatory activity of each prepared single epimer was further evaluated, and some differences between one pair of epimers of hesperidin and narirutin were observed, which suggested that the presence of different epimers should be considered in the quality evaluation and control of natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road Laishan District, Yantai 264003, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sirong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road Laishan District, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road Laishan District, Yantai 264003, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-535-6913002 (Z.W.)
| | - Zhaokun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road Laishan District, Yantai 264003, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-535-6913002 (Z.W.)
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43
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Salinas-Arellano ED, Castro-Dionicio IY, Jeyaraj JG, Mirtallo Ezzone NP, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:1-162. [PMID: 37392311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salinas-Arellano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ines Y Castro-Dionicio
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan P Mirtallo Ezzone
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Plant polysaccharide itself as hydrogen bond donor in a deep eutectic system-based mechanochemical extraction method. Food Chem 2023; 399:133941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Oleszek M, Kowalska I, Bertuzzi T, Oleszek W. Phytochemicals Derived from Agricultural Residues and Their Valuable Properties and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:342. [PMID: 36615534 PMCID: PMC9823944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Billions of tons of agro-industrial residues are produced worldwide. This is associated with the risk of pollution as well as management and economic problems. Simultaneously, non-edible portions of many crops are rich in bioactive compounds with valuable properties. For this reason, developing various methods for utilizing agro-industrial residues as a source of high-value by-products is very important. The main objective of the paper is a review of the newest studies on biologically active compounds included in non-edible parts of crops with the highest amount of waste generated annually in the world. The review also provides the newest data on the chemical and biological properties, as well as the potential application of phytochemicals from such waste. The review shows that, in 2020, there were above 6 billion tonnes of residues only from the most popular crops. The greatest amount is generated during sugar, oil, and flour production. All described residues contain valuable phytochemicals that exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial and very often anti-cancer activity. Many studies show interesting applications, mainly in pharmaceuticals and food production, but also in agriculture and wastewater remediation, as well as metal and steel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- DIANA, Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Ashokkumar V, Flora G, Sevanan M, Sripriya R, Chen WH, Park JH, Rajesh Banu J, Kumar G. Technological advances in the production of carotenoids and their applications- A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128215. [PMID: 36332858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments that are widely distributed in algae, fungi, bacteria, and plants. Carotenoids play a significant role in the food, feed, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. These pigments are effectively considered as a health-promoting compounds, which are widely used in our daily diet to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, acute lung injury, cataracts, neural disorders, etc. In this context, this review paper demonstrates the synthesis of carotenoids and their potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the demand for carotenoid production is increasing overtime, and the extraction and production are expensive and technically challenging. The recent developments in carotenoid biosynthesis, and key challenges, bottlenecks, and future perspectives were also discussed to enhance the circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory (BBBL), Center for Trandisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, SDC, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - G Flora
- Department of Botany, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Combatore, India
| | - R Sripriya
- Department of Zoology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, India
| | - W H Chen
- Department Aeronautical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Mediterranean Food Industry By-Products as a Novel Source of Phytochemicals with a Promising Role in Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248655. [PMID: 36557789 PMCID: PMC9784942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is recognized as a sustainable dietary approach with beneficial health effects. This is highly relevant, although the production of typical Mediterranean food, i.e., olive oil or wine, processed tomatoes and pomegranate products, generates significant amounts of waste. Ideally, this waste should be disposed in an appropriate, eco-friendly way. A number of scientific papers were published recently showing that these by-products can be exploited as a valuable source of biologically active components with health benefits, including anticancer effects. In this review, accordingly, we elaborate on such phytochemicals recovered from the food waste generated during the processing of vegetables and fruits, typical of the Mediterranean diet, with a focus on substances with anticancer activity. The molecular mechanisms of these phytochemicals, which might be included in supporting treatment and prevention of various types of cancer, are presented. The use of bioactive components from food waste may improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of the food processing industry in the Mediterranean region and can provide a new strategy to approach prevention of cancer.
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Evaluation of dynamic changes and formation regularity in volatile flavor compounds in Citrus reticulata ‘chachi’ peel at different collection periods using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Deng M, Zhang S, Dong L, Huang F, Jia X, Su D, Chi J, Muhammad Z, Ma Q, Zhao D, Zhang M, Zhang R. Shatianyu ( Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) Flavonoids and Dietary Fiber in Combination Are More Effective Than Individually in Alleviating High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Mice by Altering Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14654-14664. [PMID: 36322531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring the separate and combined anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Shatianyu (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) flavonoids (SPFEs) and DF (SPDF) on HFD-fed mice after 14-week administration in diet, together with the possible microbiota-mediated mechanisms. SPFEs and SPDF were more effective together than separately in improving serum lipid profiles, decreasing hepatic lipid accumulation, and upregulating the expression of hepatic CPT1a, CYP7A1, ABCG5, and ABCG8. Butyrate has been previously proved to have an anti-hyperlipidemic effect. The fecal butyrate contents were negatively correlative with serum/liver lipid but positively correlated with fecal total bile acids levels, and SPDF + SPFEs had the most fecal butyrate in this study. SPDF or SPFEs enriched microbiota related to acetic and propionic acids production, while SPDF + SPFEs also bloomed norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Dubosiella, Lachnoclostridium, and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, which were positively correlated to fecal butyrate contents. Thus, SPFEs and SPDF might alleviate hyperlipidemia synergistically by regulating microbiota to produce butyrate, thereby regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Deng
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Xuchao Jia
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Chi
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Zafarullah Muhammad
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Qin Ma
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural, Guangzhou510610, P. R. China
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50
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Zeng Y, Dai X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Gifty ZB, Sun W, Tang Z. Effect of Dietary Pomelo Peel Powder on Growth Performance, Diarrhea, Immune Function, Antioxidant Function, Ileum Morphology, and Colonic Microflora of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223216. [PMID: 36428442 PMCID: PMC9687033 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This trial evaluated how dietary-accommodated pomelo peel powder (PPP) affected average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG), diarrhea, antioxidation, and colonic microbial in weaned piglets. Thirty piglets weaned at 28 d were divided into three groups: a basal diet (CON); a CON containing 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC); and a CON containing 8 g/kg (PPP). This trial had a period of 28 days. Piglets supplemented with PPP had higher ADFI and ADG than piglets in CTC and CON (p < 0.05). The diarrhea rate in PPP and CTC was lower than in CON in the 3rd and 4th weeks (p < 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities, and total antioxidant capacity in PPP were higher than those in CON (p < 0.05). Serum interleukin (IL)-4, insulin-like growth factor-I, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, and IgG concentrations in the PPP and CTC groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17, and interferon (IFN)-γ concentrations and the cecal pH in PPP were lower than those in CON (p < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IgA concentrations of piglets in PPP were lower than in CTC (p < 0.05). The villus height and villus height/crypt depth of the ileum of piglets in PPP and CTC were higher than those in CON (p < 0.05), but there was no difference between PPP and CTC (p > 0.05). The Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria relative abundances in PPP and CTC (p < 0.05) were lower than those in CON, whereas the Bacteroidetes relative abundances in PPP and CTC were higher than those in CON. The Prevotellaceae relative abundance in CTC was higher than in CON (p < 0.05), whereas the Lactobacillaceae relative abundance in CTC was lower than in CON (p < 0.05). The Ruminococcaceae relative abundance in PPP was higher than in CON (p < 0.05), whereas the Veillonellaceae relative abundance in PPP was lower than in CON (p < 0.05). PPP can improve ADFI and ADG, relieve diarrhea, and enhance the colonic microflora of weaned piglets. Therefore, PPP is expected to replace CTC as a feed additive to alleviate weaning stress and ensure normal growth and development of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - Xinrui Dai
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingju Chen
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - Ziema Bumbie Gifty
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
- Laboratory of Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1399-6192-900
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