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Vijayaram S, Razafindralambo H, Ghafarifarsani H, Sun YZ, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Synergetic response on herbal and probiotic applications: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1315-1329. [PMID: 38411877 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herbs and their by-products are important traditional medicines and food supplements; they provide numerous beneficial effects for animals. Consequently, probiotics are living cell organisms, nontoxic, and friendly microbes. Probiotics have numerous beneficial activities such as inhibition of pathogens, enhancement of the immune system, growth, disease resistance, improving water quality, reducing toxic effects, synthesis of vitamins, prevention of cancer, reduction of irritable bowel syndrome, and more positive responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic combinations have more active responses and produce new substances to enhance beneficial responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic mixture report is still limited applications for animals. However, the mechanisms by which they interact with the immune system and gut microbiota in animals are largely unclear. This review provides some information on the effect of herbal and probiotic blend on animals. This review discusses current research advancements to fulfill research gaps and promote effective and healthy animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerengaraj Vijayaram
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hary Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, Campus Universitaire de La Faculté de Gembloux AgroBio Tech/Université de Liège, B5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Abd El-Naby AS, El Asely AM, Hussein MN, Khattaby AERA, Sabry EA, Abdelsalam M, Samir F. Effects of dietary fermented Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract (Hilyses) supplementation on growth, hematology, immunity, antioxidants, and intestinal health in Nile tilapia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12583. [PMID: 38821973 PMCID: PMC11143225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the product Hilyses on growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient composition, hematological parameters, serum biochemistry, immune function, antioxidant status, and digestive enzyme activity in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, initial body weight 4.24 ± 0.01 g). The fish were fed diets supplemented with Hilyses at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, or 3 g/kg for a period of 8 weeks. The results showed that supplementation with Hilyses at levels up to 2 g/kg diet significantly improved final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, apparent protein utilization, and energy utilization compared to the control diet without Hilyses. Carcass crude protein content and moisture were significantly higher in Hilyses-fed groups, while crude lipid content decreased at the 3 g/kg supplementation level. Hilyses supplementation enhanced various hematological parameters, including increased red blood cell count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume. Serum biochemistry and immune function markers like total protein, albumin, complement component C3, IgM, and IgG were significantly elevated in the 2 and 3 g/kg Hilyses groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase) were enhanced, and lipid peroxidation was reduced, in the 2 g/kg Hilyses group. Digestive enzyme activities, particularly protease and lipase, were also improved with Hilyses supplementation. Histological examination showed reduced lipid deposition in the liver and increased branching of intestinal villi at the 2 g/kg Hilyses level. Overall, these results indicated that dietary Hilyses supplementation at 2 g/kg diet optimizes growth, feed utilization, nutrient composition, hematology, immunity, antioxidant status, and digestive function in juvenile Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa S Abd El-Naby
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research Centre, Agriculture Research Centre, Abassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Amel M El Asely
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Mona N Hussein
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Rahman A Khattaby
- Department of Production and Aquaculture Systems, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research Centre, Agriculture Research Centre, Abassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Eman A Sabry
- Department of Production and Aquaculture Systems, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research Centre, Agriculture Research Centre, Abassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11221, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Samir
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research Centre, Agriculture Research Centre, Abassa, Abu Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt
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Said MM, Abo-Al-Ela HG, El-Barbary YA, Ahmed OM, Dighiesh HS. Influence of stocking density on the growth, immune and physiological responses, and cultivation environment of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in biofloc systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11147. [PMID: 38750082 PMCID: PMC11096186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofloc (BF) stands out as a promising system for sustainable shrimp farming. Optimizing various culture conditions, such as stocking density, carbohydrate source, and feeding management, is crucial for the widespread adoption of the BF system. This study compares the growth performance of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in culture ponds at low density (LD) with 50 organisms/m2 and high density (HD) with 200 organisms/m2. Post-larvae of white-leg shrimp were stocked for 16 weeks in both LD and HD groups. The LD group exhibited a superior survival rate, growth rate, and feed consumption compared to the HD group. The BF from the LD system recorded a significantly higher protein content (16.63 ± 0.21%) than the HD group (15.21 ± 0.34%). Heterotrophic bacterial counts in water did not significantly differ with stocking density. However, Vibrio count in water samples was higher in the HD group (3.59 ± 0.35 log CFU/mL) compared to the LD group (2.45 ± 0.43 log CFU/mL). The whole shrimp body analysis revealed significantly higher protein and lipid content in the LD group. In contrast, the total aerobic bacterial count in shrimp from the HD group was high, with the identification of Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae. Additionally, Vibrio counts in shrimp samples were significantly higher in the HD group (4.63 ± 0.32 log CFU/g) compared to the LD group (3.57 ± 0.22 log CFU/g). The expression levels of immune-associated genes, including prophenoloxidase, transglutaminase, penaiedin 3, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, serine proteinase, and the growth-related gene ras-related protein (rap-2a), were significantly enhanced in the LD group. Conversely, stress-related gene expression increased significantly in the HD group. Hepatopancreases amylase, lipase, and protease were higher in the LD group, while trypsin activity did not differ significantly. Antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) significantly increased in the LD group. The histological structure of hepatopancreas, musculature, and female gonads remained similar in both densities. However, negative effects were observed in the gills' histology of the HD group. These results suggest that increasing stocking density is associated with significantly negative biological, microbial, and physiological effects on white-leg shrimp under the BF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Said
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43221, Egypt
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43221, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine A El-Barbary
- Department of Fish Health and Diseases, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43221, Egypt
| | - Omaima M Ahmed
- Department of Fish Processing and Technology, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43221, Egypt
| | - Hagar Sedeek Dighiesh
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43221, Egypt
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Soliman AA, Gewaily MS, Amer AA, Shukry M, Khalil RH, Shehata AI. Dietary effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Allium sativum on growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas sobria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109493. [PMID: 38461877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the benefits of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or garlic, Allium sativum supplementation in diets of Nile tilapia with regard to growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance to Aeromonas sobria infection. Fish (with an initial weight of 9.43 ± 0.08 g) were allocated to twelve hapas, organized into four triplicate treatment groups defined as control (no supplementation), yeast (4 g/kg diet), garlic (30 g/kg diet), and a mixture of both. This trial continued over a 60-day feeding period. Results revealed that combined treatment (yeast + garlic) demonstrated the most promising outcomes regarding growth, with significantly higher final body weights, weight gains, and specific growth rates compared to other groups. Moreover, this combination enhanced hepatic antioxidant status, as evidenced by elevated levels of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, reflecting improved defense against oxidative stress. Histological assessments of the livers and intestines demonstrated structural enhancements in yeast and garlic treatments, suggesting improvements in organ health. In comparison to the control, the gene expression analyses unveiled increased expression of growth-related (igf-1 and ghr1) and immune-related (il-10, lyz, and hep) genes in the test groups, indicating a possible reinforcement of the growth and immune responses. The combined treatment also showed the highest resistance to A. sobria infection, as evidenced by improved survival rates and lower mortality compared with the other groups. These findings highlight the benefits of a combination of both yeast and garlic as a dietary supplementation regimen. In conclusion, this study suggests that the combined treatment regimen could be considered an effective strategy to promote the health and productivity of Nile tilapia under production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Soliman
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Riad H Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Akram Ismael Shehata
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
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Maturana M, Castillejos L, Martin-Orue SM, Minel A, Chetty O, Felix AP, Adib Lesaux A. Potential benefits of yeast Saccharomyces and their derivatives in dogs and cats: a review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1279506. [PMID: 37954670 PMCID: PMC10634211 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast Saccharomyces and its derivatives have been largely used in livestock and poultry nutrition for their potential positive impact on growth, performance, and general health. Originally included in animal diets as a source of protein, yeasts can also offer a wide range of by-products with interesting bioactive compounds that would confer uses beyond nutrition. Although its supplementation in livestock, poultry and even in humans is well documented, the available body of literature on the use of yeast and its derivatives in companion animals' food, mainly dogs and cats' diets, is still developing. Despite this, gut microbiota modulation, immune system enhancement or decreasing of potentially pathogenic microorganisms have been reported in pets when using these products, highlighting their possible role as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. This review attempts to provide the reader with a comprehensive on the effects of Saccharomyces and its derivatives in pets and the possible mechanisms that confer their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maturana
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Susana M. Martin-Orue
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anaelle Minel
- Department of Research & Development, Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Olivia Chetty
- Department of Research & Development, Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Ananda P. Felix
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Achraf Adib Lesaux
- Department of Research & Development, Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
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Zhao C, Men X, Dang Y, Zhou Y, Ren Y. Probiotics Mediate Intestinal Microbiome and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Regulating the Growth and Immunity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0398022. [PMID: 36916965 PMCID: PMC10101061 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03980-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence confirms using probiotics in promoting growth and immunity of farmed fish. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-microbiome interactions mediated by probiotics are not fully understood. In this study, we used rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model to investigate the internal mechanisms of host-microbiome interactions influenced by two probiotic bacteria, Bacillus velezensis and Lactobacillus sakei. We carried out experiments, including intestinal histology, serum physiology, and transcriptome and combined intestinal microbiome and metabolite profiling. Our results showed that both probiotics had a positive effect on growth, immunity, serum enzyme activity, the gut microbiome, and resistance to Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. Moreover, the intestinal microbial structure was reshaped with increased relative abundance of potential beneficial bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae ucg-004, Leptotrichia, Bacillus coagulans, Porphyromonadaceae, Anaerococcus, and Photobacterium in the B. velezensis group and Paenibacillaceae and Eubacterium hallii in the L. sakei group. Metabolomic profiling and transcriptome analysis revealed upregulated metabolites as biomarkers, i.e., sucrose and l-malic acid in the B. velezensis group, and N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and hydroxyproline in the L. sakei group. Additionally, a multiomics combined analysis illustrated significant positive correlations between the relative abundance of microflora, metabolites, and gene expression associated with immunity and growth. This study highlights the significant role of probiotics as effectors of intestinal microbial activity and shows that different probiotics can have a species-specific effect on the physiological regulation of the host. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex host-microbiome interactions in rainbow trout and may have implications for the use of probiotics in aquaculture. IMPORTANCE Probiotics are kinds of beneficial live microbes that impart beneficial effects on the host. Recent studies have proven that when given supplementation with probiotics, farmed fish showed improved disease prevention and growth promotion. However, the underlying metabolic functions regarding their involvement in regulating growth phenotypes, nutrient utilization, and immune response are not yet well understood in the aquaculture field. Given the active interactions between the gut microbiota and fish immune and growth performance, we conducted the supplementation experiments with the probiotics Bacillus velezensis and Lactobacillus sakei. The results showed that probiotics mediated intestinal microbiome- and microbiota-derived metabolites regulating the growth and immunity of fish, and different probiotics participated in the species-specific physiological regulation of the host. This study contributed to a better understanding of the functional interactions associated with host health and gut microbiota species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xianhui Men
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongji Dang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yangen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yichao Ren
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Srivastava A, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Immunoprotective role of aloin and disease resistance in Labeo rohita, infected with bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:30062-30072. [PMID: 36427124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aloin on mucosal immune response and disease resistance was elucidated in Labeo rohita infected with the bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. Fishes were divided into four groups: (i) control, (ii) vehicle control, (iii) bacteria infected and (iv) bacteria infected and aloin treated. Fish were intraperitoneally injected with A. hydrophila suspension at the dose of 2 × 106 CFU/fish at 0 day (d). Following bacterial injection at 0 d, fish were treated with aloin at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally at an interval of 24 h for 4 consecutive days. Mucus collected from fish of each group was analyzed at 2 d, 4 d, 6 d, 8 d and 10 d. In bacteria-infected fish, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the activity of certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic immune parameters was observed. The activity of these immune parameters showed a gradual recovery on administration of aloin in bacteria-infected fish. Cumulative mortality was also found to be low in the aloin-treated group as compared to that in the infected group. Thus, aloin could act as an immunostimulant and play a protective role against disease caused by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, MSM Samta College (BR Ambedkar Bihar University), Jandaha Road, Vaishali, 844505, Bihar, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, 9, Mani Nagar, Kandawa, Near Chitaipur Crossing, Varanasi, 221106, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Vijayaram S, Ringø E, Zuorro A, van Doan H, Sun Y. Beneficial roles of nutrients as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Veisi RS, Taghdir M, Abbaszadeh S, Hedayati A. Dietary Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus casei on Some Immunity Indices of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Cadmium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:959-967. [PMID: 35325365 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of feeding common carp with Lactobacillus probiotic supplement on growth, blood indices, and immunity of serum and mucus exposed to cadmium. A total of 250 common carp with an average weight of 15 ± 0.62 were divided into three groups: fish without probiotics, and fish with two levels of probiotic. At the end of a 42-day feeding period, 50% of the lethal concentrations of cadmium were exposed for 14 days and blood and immune indices of serum and mucus were measured. The results showed that growth indices, blood indices, and serum and mucus immunity were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). Finally, this study showed probiotics could improve the decreasing effect of cadmium in BWI and PBWI indices and the additive effect of cadmium in FCR and ALT. Probiotic was also able to completely improve the decreasing effect of cadmium on lymphocyte indices and the additive effect of cadmium on ALP and AST and monocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Sheikh Veisi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdir
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Abbaszadeh
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Hedayati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Samidjan I, Rachmawati D, Dody S, Riyadi PH. Effects of Various Doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Growth, Survival Rate, and Blood Profile of Saline Red Tilapia (Oreochromisspp.) in the Semi-Intensive Culture Conditions. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.31.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The availability of good feeding on fish performance is needed to improve the poor aquaculture condition. The study examines the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on the growth, survival rate, and blood profile of saline red tilapia in the semi-intensive culture. Sixty saline red tilapia (4.58 ± 0.09 g) were divided into five groups and received standard feed with supplementation of S. cerevisiae at different doses: (A-E) 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg feed. S. cerevisiae was sprayed onto the feed and given to fish three times/day for 49 days. The efficiency of feed utilization (EFU), feed conversion ratio (FCR), the protein efficiency ratio (PER), relative growth rate (RGR), survival rate (SR), and blood profiles were examined. The water quality parameters were also evaluated, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, NH<sub>3</sub>, and salinity. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The supplementation of 10 g/kg S. cerevisiae could significantly (p<0.05) increase EFU (85.13%), PER (3.76), RGR (4.53%), and survival rate (97.53%), and decrease FCR (1.42) of the saline red tilapia. All doses of S. cerevisiae significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of hematocytes (34.68, 35.96, 34.14, and 34.52%, respectively) and hemoglobin (12.98, 13.58, 12.73, and 12.67%, respectively) of fish. The highest number of erythrocytes and leucocytes was found in dose 10 g/kg feed. All water parameters were stable during the study. Therefore, S. cerevisiae can be used as a feed supplement for red tilapia fish to increase the growth, survival rate, and blood profile of the saline red tilapia.
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Abolfathi M, Akbarzadeh A, Hajimoradloo A, Joshaghani HR, Ross NW. Seasonal variations in the skin epidermal structure and mucosal immune parameters of rainbow trout skin (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different stages of farming. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:965-974. [PMID: 35843528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in the epidermal structure and the innate immunity parameters of skin mucus in rainbow trout. The skin epidermis and mucus samples were collected over three consecutive seasons including winter, spring and late summer from three different weight groups i.e., 2-20 g (W1), 100-200 g (W2) and 400-600 g (W3) fish. The skin mucosal immunity analysis of rainbow trout showed that the haemagglutination activity increased significantly with increasing fish size from W1 to W3 in all three seasons, while no significant seasonal changes occurred in haemagglutination activity. Moreover, the bactericidal activity against fish pathogens increased significantly with increasing water bacterial load in late summer. The SDS-PAGE analysis of mucus showed a high amount of low molecular weight proteins (<35 kDa) in the late summer that was correlated with the increase in bactericidal activity. Histological analysis of the epidermis structure of rainbow trout skin showed that the density and size of goblet cells and consequently the mucus secretion significantly increased in W3 group in all seasons. In all three weight groups of fish, the density of goblet cells significantly increased from winter to spring and late summer along with increasing water temperature. Moreover, the goblet cell density showed a significant positive relationship with the soluble protein concentration and haemagglutination activity (p < 0.01). The results of this study demonstrated the more active immune role of the skin epidermal cells and mucus in rainbow trout during summer to protect fish against the pathogenic microorganisms. Given its potent bactericidal properties and the lack of haemolytic activity, the rainbow trout mucus might be used as a safe and inexpensive source for developing antimicrobial agents to prevent and treat some bacterial diseases in human and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abolfathi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arash Akbarzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences School of Paramedicine, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Neil W Ross
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Sheikh Veisi R, Hedayati A, Mazandarani M, Jafar Nodeh A, Bagheri T. Dietary Beet Molasses Improved the Immune System of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Exposure to Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles, TiO2-NPs. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:969-975. [PMID: 35312812 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate dietary effect of beet molasses on immunity indices of common carp treated with titanium oxide nanoparticles TiO2-NPs. 250 fish were distributed in four treatments containing 0, 0.5%, 1% and 2% molasses and fed for 42 days, then fish were exposed to TiO2-NPs during a 14-day. At the end of experiment, hematological, biochemichal and mucusal immunity indices were evaluated. The aboved indices showed a significant difference compare to the control group (p < 0.05). Blood monocyte and lymphocyte in the TiO2-NPs with molasses group was reduced, that means molasses in combination with TiO2-NPs could alleviate the effect of TiO2-NPs. In treatments of TiO2-NPs and molasses combination, molasses was able to reduce the additive effect of monocyte, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Molasses in combination with TiO2-NPs was able to improve the negative effect of TiO2-NPs, so 2% molasses in combination with TiO2-NPs, could neutralized undesirable effect of TiO2-NPs on common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Sheikh Veisi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Hedayati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mazandarani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Jafar Nodeh
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Bagheri
- Offshore Water Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran
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13
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Cui W, Liu J, Cao L, Dou S. Toxicological effects of cadmium on the immune response and biomineralization of larval flounder Paralichthys olivaceus under seawater acidification. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132919. [PMID: 34798117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seawater acidification can cause threats to both calcifying and uncalcifying marine organisms, affecting their acid-base regulatory functions, immune system and biomineralization. Marine pollutants, such as cadmium (Cd) that is globally distributed in coastal ecosystems, do not affect organisms alone but commonly as combined stressors. To investigate the toxicological effects of Cd on the immune and biomineralization of marine fishes under seawater acidification, flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was exposed to seawater acidification (control (pH 8.10), 7.70 and 7.30) and Cd exposure (control (0.36 μg L-1), 0.01 and 0.15 mg L-1 Cd) for 49 days from embryonic stage until they became settled. Immune and biomineralization-related biomarkers of flounder at the end of exposure were investigated. Results showed that single seawater acidification and Cd exposure or combined exposure significantly affected the immune system-related enzyme activities. Specifically, lysozyme (LZM) activity was significantly inhibited by single seawater acidification and Cd exposure, indicating innate immunosuppression under two stressors. Contents of IgM, HSP70 and MT were induced by seawater acidification or Cd exposure, indicating a detoxification mechanism that responded to the stressors. The expressions of immune-related genes were upregulated (hsp70 and mt) or downregulated (lzm) under Cd exposure. Of the biomineralization-related enzymes, activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase increased under seawater acidification and Cd exposure, a potential mechanism in response to changes of acid-base balance induced by the stressors. Generally, immune and biomineralization of the flounder responded more sensitively to Cd exposure than seawater acidification. Seawater acidification aggravated the toxicological effects of Cd exposure on the two physiological functions, while high Cd exposure augmented their responses to seawater acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shuozeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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14
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González-Silvera D, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. Immune defence mechanisms presented in liver homogenates and bile of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1958-1967. [PMID: 34486119 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because the role of the liver of fishes in providing possible immunity remains largely unknown, the aim of this work was to identify and characterize different humoral defence mechanisms in the liver homogenates and bile of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) for the first time. Total protein levels and several immune parameters (complement activity, lysozyme and immunoglobulin M level) were studied. Furthermore, the activity of some lytic (proteases, antiproteases, esterase, alkaline phosphatase) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) enzymes was determined. Finally, bacteriostatic activity on three opportunist fish pathogens (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio angillarum and Photobacterium damselae) was measured. Lysozyme and antiprotease activity were undetected in liver and bile, while natural haemolytic complement activity was only detected in bile, and immunoglobulin M was detected in both samples. The levels of proteases, esterase and antioxidant enzymes were greater in bile than in liver homogenates, while the level of alkaline phosphatase was very low in both samples. In addition, while no bacteriostatic activity was detected on liver homogenates, the bile revealed a very potent bacteriostatic activity against all the tested pathogenic bacteria. These results corroborate that fish liver - especially fish bile - contains many factors involved in innate immunity that could be useful for better understanding the role of the liver as an organ involved in fish immune functions as well as the possible contribution of bile to gut mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Silvera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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15
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Conforto E, Vílchez-Gómez L, Parrinello D, Parisi MG, Esteban MÁ, Cammarata M, Guardiola FA. Role of mucosal immune response and histopathological study in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) intraperitoneal challenged by Vibrio anguillarum or Tenacibaculum soleae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:330-339. [PMID: 34015481 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The external mucus layer that covers fish skin contains numerous immune substances scarcely studied that act as the first line of defence against a broad spectrum of pathogens. This study aimed to characterize and describe for the first time several humoral immune defence parameters in the skin mucus of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) after intraperitoneal injection with Vibrio anguillarum or Tenacibaculum soleae. This study evaluated several immune-related enzymes and bactericidal activity against fish pathogenic bacteria in the skin mucus of European eels at 24, 48, and 72 h post-challenge. The results demonstrated that European eel skin mucus showed significant increments in peroxidase and lysozyme activity at 48 and 72 h after V. anguillarum challenge, compared to other experimental groups. In the case of antiprotease activity, an increase was observed at 24 h in the skin mucus of fish challenged with V. anguillarum compared to unchallenged fish, while this activity was undetected at 48 and 72 h. In contrast, protease activity had decreased at 48 and 72 h in the skin mucus of fish challenged with V. anguillarum compared to the unchallenged group. Regarding bactericidal activity, a high growth capacity of T. soleae was observed in the skin mucus of all experimental groups. Interestingly, the skin mucus from fish challenged with V. anguillarum exhibited increased bactericidal activity against this bacterium at 48 h, compared to unchallenged fish. Finally, severe histopathological alterations were observed in the gills and liver at the end of the trial (72 h), whereas the skin showed only an overspread presence of goblet cells in the challenged fish compared to unchallenged fish. The present results may give new insights into the mucosal immune system of this primitive species with potential applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Conforto
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luciano Vílchez-Gómez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniela Parrinello
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Chuphal N, Singha KP, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Shamna N, Kumar V. Scope of Archaea in Fish Feed: a New Chapter in Aquafeed Probiotics? Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1668-1695. [PMID: 33821466 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of diseases leading to substantial loss is a major bottleneck in aquaculture. Over the last decades, the concept of using feed probiotics was more in focus to address the growth and health of cultivable aquatic organisms. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the distinct functionality of archaea from conventional probiotics in nutrient utilization, specific caloric contribution, evading immune response and processing thermal resistance. The prime limitation of conventional probiotics is the viability of desired microbes under harsh feed processing conditions. To overcome the constraints of commercial probiotics pertaining to incompatibility towards industrial processing procedure, a super microbe, archaea, appears to be a potential alternative approach in aquaculture. The peculiarity of the archaeal cell wall provides them with heat stability and rigidity under industrial processing conditions. Besides, archaea being one of the gut microbial communities participates in various health-oriented biological functions in animals. Thus, the current review devoted that administration of archaea in aquafeed could be a promising strategy in aquaculture. Archaea may be used as a potential probiotic with the possible modes of functions and advantages over conventional probiotics in aquafeed preparation. The present review also provides the challenges associated with the use of archaea for aquaculture and a brief outline of the patents on archaea to highlight the various use of archaea in different sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chuphal
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Krishna Pada Singha
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.,Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA
| | - Parimal Sardar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Naseemashahul Shamna
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3020, USA.
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Akbari H, Shekrabi SPH, Soltani M, Mehrgan MS. Effects of Potential Probiotic Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1316-1325. [PMID: 33721202 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different levels of dietary Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001), as a potential probiotic, were investigated on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters, immune responses, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Accordingly, fish (N = 720; 12.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed into four treatments receiving different dietary levels of E. casseliflavus, EC-001 (0 [control], 1 × 107, 108, and 109 CFU g-1 feed), for 8 weeks. The fish fed with a diet containing 109 CFU g-1 showed the highest weight gain and specific growth rate, along with the lowest feed conversion ratio, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, and monocytes significantly increased in the fish fed with 1 × 108 and 109 CFU g-1 (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of 1 × 108 and 109 CFU g-1 significantly increased serum total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin content (P < 0.05). Feeding the fish with 1 × 109 CFU g-1 resulted in a significant increase in serum and skin mucus lysozyme activity compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Complement component 3 and skin mucus protease activity were also significantly higher in all the fish treated with dietary E. casseliflavus (EC-001) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The cumulative mortality in the treated fish was lower (ranging from 10 to 22%) than the control group (31%) after challenging the fish with A. hydrophila infection, while the fish fed with E. casseliflavus (EC-001) at 1 × 109 CFU g-1 exhibited the lowest mortality rate (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results revealed the potential probiotic effects of E. casseliflavus (EC-001) for enhancing growth performance, immunity, and disease resistance of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Akbari
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, Australia
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Shiry N, Khoshnoodifar K, Alavinia SJ. Cutaneous mucosal immune-parameters and intestinal immune-relevant genes expression in streptococcal-infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A comparative study with the administration of florfenicol and olive leaf extract. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:403-410. [PMID: 33157200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated changes in cutaneous mucosal immunity (total protein (TP) and immunoglobulin (TIg), lysozyme, protease, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and some immune-related genes expression (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8, hepcidin-like antimicrobial peptides (HAMP), and immunoglobulin M (IgM)) in the intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) orally-administrated florfenicol (FFC) and/or olive leaf extract (OLE), experimentally infected with Streptococcus iniae. The juvenile fish (55 ± 7.6 g) were divided into different groups according to the use of added OLE (80 g kg-1 food), the presence/absence of FFC (15 mg kg-1 body weight for 10 consecutive days), and the streptococcal infectivity (2.87 × 107 CFU mL-1 as 30% of LD50-96h). The extract's chemical composition was analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The skin mucus and intestine of fish were sampled after a 10-day therapeutic period for all groups, and their noted indices were measured. Our results signified that the oleuropein, quercetin, and trans-ferulic acid were the most obvious active components of OLE which were found by HPLC analysis. The combined use of OLE and FFC could lowered some skin mucus immunological indices (e.g., TP, TIg, and ALP), and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-1β) of rainbow trout. Moreover, lysozyme and protease activities respectively were invigorated by the FFC and OLE treatment. Also, the use of OLE as a potential medicine induced the gene expression of HAMP. As the prevention approach, it would be recommended to find the best dose of OLE alone or in combination with the drug through therapeutics period before the farm involved in the streptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Shiry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Khadije Khoshnoodifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalil Alavinia
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Department of Aquatic Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Espinosa C, Esteban MÁ. Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on skin, serum and liver of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:869-881. [PMID: 32598025 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) was studied. Four replicates of fish (n = 6) were fed with a commercial diet containing 0 (control, no yeast added) or 10 mg per kilogram of heat-killed (30 min, 60°C) S. cerevisiae. After 4 weeks, half of the fish (two replicates) were injured and continued with the same diet. At 3 and 7 days post-wounding, samples of blood, skin mucus, skin and liver were obtained from each fish. The results showed that calcium concentrations were significantly higher (with respect to control fish) in the serum from fish sampled at 3 days post-wounding, whereas antioxidant enzymes in the skin mucus were altered after wounding (at both 3 and 7 days). Histological analyses revealed oedema, signs of inflammation and white cell recruitment together with a reduction in the epidermis layer in the wounded regions of fish fed control diet. Yeast supplementation did not change growth performance and helped maintain the normal serum calcium concentrations in wounded fish. Furthermore, a reduction in inflammation around wounds in the animals fed yeast with respect to that fed control diet was evident in the histological study. Furthermore, increased levels of stress-related gene expression in liver and skin from wounded fish were obtained. Overall, yeast supplementation seemed to be a functional and appropriate dietary additive to improve skin recovery reducing the stress resulting from wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Espinosa
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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20
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Wang C, Lu S, Li J, Wang L, Jiang H, Liu Y, Liu H, Han S, Yin J. Effects of dietary myo-inositol on growth, antioxidative capacity, and nonspecific immunity in skin mucus of taimen Hucho taimen fry. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1011-1018. [PMID: 31950318 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of dietary myo-inositol on the skin mucosal immunity and growth of taimen (Hucho taimen) fry were determined. Triplicate groups of 500 fish (initial weight 5.58 ± 0.15 g) were fed different diets containing graded levels of myo-inositol (28.75, 127.83, 343.83, 565.81, and 738.15 mg kg-1) until satiation for 56 days. Thereafter, the nonspecific skin mucus immune parameters, antioxidative capacity, and growth performance were measured. The skin mucus protein and the activities of alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in lysozyme activity among the treatments (P > 0.05). The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the skin mucus were increased significantly by myo-inositol supplementation (P < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly elevated in the treatment groups (P < 0.05), whereas the malondialdehyde contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Low-level myo-inositol (28.75 mg kg-1) led to a significantly lower weight gain, feed efficiency, condition factor, and survival rate compared with the other treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary myo-inositol deficiency (28.75 mg kg-1) adversely affects the skin mucus immune parameters, antioxidative capacity, and growth performance of Hucho taimen fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang'an Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxia Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinnan Li
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shicheng Han
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Yin
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
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21
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Mohammadi G, Rafiee G, Abdelrahman HA. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) in biofloc and stagnant-renewal culture systems on growth performance, mucosal parameters, and serum innate responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1167-1181. [PMID: 32133574 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) on growth and innate responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated in biofloc technology system and stagnant-renewal culture system (SRCS). The 90-day-long experiment contained four treatments: SRCS without probiotic (T1), SRCS with probiotic (T2), biofloc without probiotic (T3), and biofloc with probiotic (T4). The administration dose of probiotic was 2 × 108 CFU kg-1 diet. At the end of experiment, the mean final weights, specific growth rates, feed conversion ratios, and total biomass were significantly (P < 0.05) better in BFT treatments, with no significant effect of probiotic on these parameters in both culture systems. Meanwhile, skin mucosal parameters including total protein (TP), lysozyme (LYZ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and protease (PRO) activity were significantly enhanced following probiotic supplementation. T4 treatment displayed a significantly higher LYZ and ALP activity in mucus versus other treatments. Also, serum alternative complement activity was significantly heightened in probiotic-supplemented fish. Superoxide dismutase activity in T4 was detected higher than that of SRCS groups. The results of the current study demonstrated the enhancement of some mucosal and serum innate responses of Nile tilapia in both culture systems upon L. plantarum (KC426951) supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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22
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Abu-Elala NM, Younis NA, AbuBakr HO, Ragaa NM, Borges LL, Bonato MA. Influence of dietary fermented Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, oxidative stress parameters, and immune response of cultured Oreochromis niloticus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:533-545. [PMID: 32036482 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our trial was performed to investigate the effect of fully fermented yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae (Hilyses, ICC Company, Brazil) on the growth performance and immune response of Oreochromis niloticus. In this study, a total of 270 O. niloticus (50.7 ± 0.8 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups in triplicates. The control group was fed on the basal diet while the other two groups were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0.2% and 0.4% of Hilyses. The trial period extended for 2 months. At the end of the feeding trial, oxidant and antioxidant parameters (MDA, catalase, and glutathione reductase), some innate immunological parameters and immune-related gene expression were measured. Histological examination of liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine was performed. Further, fish groups were challenged against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria; A. hydrophila and L. garvieae. The results revealed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in growth performance and feed utilization in Hilyses-treated groups versus the control group. Blood parameters and liver and kidney functions of Hilyses-supplemented groups were similar to those of the control group. The histological findings of treated groups showed normal tissue structure with multiple focal lymphoid aggregations in the spleen, kidney, and intestine. Both levels of Hilyses successfully enhanced phagocytic activity/index, lysozyme activity, and gene expression of TNF-α, and IL-1β. Fish group fed on 0.4% Hilyses exhibited the highest expression of IL-1β and the least mortality percentages post challenges. Thus, dietary supplementation of Hilyses could promote the growth performance and immunity and increase the resistance of O. niloticus against diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M Abu-Elala
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Nehal A Younis
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Naela M Ragaa
- Department of nutrition and clinical nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Liliana L Borges
- Research and Development Department, ICC Industrial Comércio Exportação e Importação Ltda., São Paulo, 01451-909, Brazil
| | - Melina A Bonato
- Research and Development Department, ICC Industrial Comércio Exportação e Importação Ltda., São Paulo, 01451-909, Brazil
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Tarkhani R, Imani A, Hoseinifar SH, Ashayerizadeh O, Sarvi Moghanlou K, Manaffar R, Van Doan H, Reverter M. Comparative study of host-associated and commercial probiotic effects on serum and mucosal immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, digestive enzymes activity and growth performance of roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) fingerlings. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:661-669. [PMID: 31678185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to isolate host-associated probiotic (HAP) lactic acid bacteria from intestine of adult Caspian roach and compare the efficacy of HAP with a commercially available probiotic strain (Pediococcus acidilactici) on the growth and feed utilisation, digestive enzymes and systemic and mucosal immune system of roach fingerling. The HAP strain isolated from roach intestine was Enterococcus faecium strain CGMCC1.2136. The experiment was a simple completely randomized design and lasted for eight weeks. Two hundred and seventy fish with an average weight of 12 g randomly distributed into nine tanks. The trial consisted of three treatments with three respective replications. During the experimental period, fish received basal diet without any bacterial supplementation (as the control group), basal diet enriched with 108 CFU g-1 HAP or 107 CFU g-1 CP. At the end of the experiment, serum immune parameters of those fish fed HAP including alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content, total immunoglobulin level, lysozyme activity and complement activity (ACH50) were significantly higher that other experimental groups (P < 0.05). Similarly, dietary supplementation of HAP resulted in better mucosal immune parameters in comparison to control group and commercial probiotic administration (P < 0.05). Intestinal heterotrophic bacteria and autochthonous LAB counts of those fish fed HAP were significantly higher than other experimental groups at the end of the experiment as well as 15 days seizing probiotic administrations (P < 0.05). Fish fed with HAP containing diet presented significantly higher amylase, lipase and protease activity in comparison to the CP fed fish and the control group (P < 0.05). Growth indices of those fish fed HAP were significantly higher than other treatments (P < 0.05). The highest carcass protein and ash content along with the lowest body moisture content belonged to those fish received HAP (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use host-HAP resulted in better immune competence and growth performance and it seems aquaculture sector should probably focus on the development of probiotics isolated from the cultured species instead of using terrestrial probiotics with greatly different requirements and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tarkhani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran
| | - Ahmad Imani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.
| | - Omid Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Kourosh Sarvi Moghanlou
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran
| | - Ramin Manaffar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Miriam Reverter
- ISEM, IRD, CNRS, EPHE, Institute of Evolution of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
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de Mattos BO, López-Olmeda JF, Guerra-Santos B, Ruiz CE, García-Beltrán JM, Ángeles-Esteban M, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, Fortes-Silva R. Coping with exposure to hypoxia: modifications in stress parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1801-1812. [PMID: 31273480 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the stress response of Sparus aurata specimens fed with nutraceutical aquafeed brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). For that purpose, 96 (169.0 ± 2.8 g) animals were distributed randomly in 12 tanks (8 fish per tank, 4 replicates) and divided in 3 groups (D1, casein/gelatin, control; D2, brewer's yeast; D3, spirulina) and fed for 30 days. At the end of this period, fish from two replicates of each experimental diet were submitted to air exposure for 60 s while the fish from the other two replicates were maintained undisturbed (control). Afterwards, samples of blood, skin mucus, and head kidney were collected. The results revealed that after air exposure, cortisol, and glucose levels increased in the groups fed D1 (18.5 ± 2.6 mg/mL; 7.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L, respectively) and D2 (20.0 ± 6.2 mg/mL; 7.7 ± 0.6 mmol/L), but glucose not increased in fish fed D3 (13.7 ± 2.6 mg/mL; 5.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L). Lactate levels increased in all stressed groups, but in D1, its levels were significantly higher. After stress procedure, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in mucus increased only in fish fed D3 (0.1901 ± 0.0126 U/mL). Furthermore, there was a reduction in the expression of some genes involved in stress response (coxIV, prdx3, csfl-r, ucp1, and sod in fish fed D2 and D3). csf1 decreased only in stressed fish fed D2. However, cat increased in fish fed with D3. In summary, these findings points to the beneficial effects of spirulina and brewer's yeast to improve stress resistance in aquaculture practices of gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Olivetti de Mattos
- Laboratory of Aquatic Organisms Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, University Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, 69058-030, Brazil.
| | - José Fernando López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bartira Guerra-Santos
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Campus Salvador, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María García-Beltrán
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles-Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fortes-Silva
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition and Feeding Behavior, Faculty of Fishing Engineering, Center of Agricultural Science, Environmental and Biological, University of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil.
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Giri SS, Sukumaran V, Park SC. Effects of bioactive substance from turmeric on growth, skin mucosal immunity and antioxidant factors in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:612-620. [PMID: 31265909 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Present study evaluated the effects of curcumin, the principal curcuminoid of turmeric, on Cyprinus carpio growth, skin mucosal immune parameters, immune-related gene expression, and susceptibility to pathogen challenge. Diets containing four various concentrations of curcumin (g Kg-1): 0 g [basal diet], 5 g [T5], 10 g [T10], and 15 g [T15] were fed to the carp (average weight: 16.37 g) for 8 weeks. Growth parameters were analysed at 4 and 8 weeks post-feeding. Skin mucosal immune responses and expression were examined in 8 weeks post-feeding. Growth performance was significantly higher in T10 and T15, with final weight gain of 102.26 ± 2.31 g and specific growth rate of 3.24 ± 0.37, respectively. The lowest feed conversion ratio (2.35 ± 0.16) was recorded in T15 than in the control (P < 0.05). Among the skin mucosal immune parameters examined, lysozyme (36.8 ± 4.03 U mL-1), total immunoglobulin (6.74 ± 0.5 mg mL-1), protein level (18.7 ± 1.62 mg mL-1), alkaline phosphatase (96.37 ± 6.3 IU L-1), and protease activity (9.47 ± 0.82%) were significantly higher in T15, while the peroxidase activity was higher in T10 (10.24 ± 0.9 U mg-1 protein). Further, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in serum and found to be higher in T10 or T15 than in the control (P < 0.05). However, malondialdehyde level decreased significantly in T10 and T15. Furthermore, antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 were upregulated in the head kidney, intestine, and hepatopancreas of fish in T10 and T15. Conversely, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-alpha), signalling molecule NF-κBp65 were down-regulated in the tested tissues of T10 and T15. Expression of Toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) was down regulated in head-kidney and intestine of T15. Fish from T15 exhibited significantly higher relative post-challenge survival (69.70%) against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Results of the present study suggest that dietary supplements of curcumin at 15 g Kg-1can significantly improve the growth performance, skin mucosal and serum antioxidant parameters, and strengthen the immunity of C. carpio. Therefore, curcumin represents a promising food additive for carps in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Javahery S, Noori A, Hoseinifar SH. Growth performance, immune response, and digestive enzyme activity in Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931, fed dietary microbial lysozyme. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:528-535. [PMID: 31252042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of the dietary microbial lysozyme (ML) as an immunostimulant, on the growth performance, some immune parameters and digestive enzyme of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Six hundred shrimps were obtained and randomly allocated into four groups as follows with three replicates. The shrimps were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 2 g kg-1 ML for 4 months. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of ML significantly improved final weight, weight gain, average daily weight gain rate (ADG), feed conversion rate (FCR), and feed efficiency rate (FER) compared to the control (P ˂ 0.05). However, weight gain specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate were not significantly affected by dietary ML (P ˃ 0.05). Dietary ML had a progressive effects on some immune parameters status including total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), lysozyme (LYZ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phenoloxidase (PO) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity as well as differential haemocyte count (DHC) and total haemocyte count (THC), in shrimps treated with the lysozyme than untreated shrimps (P ˂ 0.05). However, feeding with ML had no significant effect on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P ˃ 0.05). Furthermore, intestinal digestive enzymes (lipase, protease, and amylase) in shrimp fed with dietary ML were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher than those fed with non-supplemented control basal diet. Thus, the results indicate that oral administration of ML can be recommended for shrimp feed to improve immune response as well digestive enzymes activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Javahery
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Noori
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Lallès JP. Biology, environmental and nutritional modulation of skin mucus alkaline phosphatase in fish: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:179-186. [PMID: 30928666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a major, recently recognized component of innate immunity. The intestinal AP (IAP) isoform plays a pivotal role in controlling gastrointestinal and systemic inflammation in terrestrial mammals. This is so essentially through detoxification (by dephosphorylation) of proinflammatory microbial components that can no longer be recognized by so-called toll-like receptors, thus preventing cellular inflammatory cascade activation. A unique feature of fish is the presence of AP in skin and epidermal mucus (skin mucus AP) but its actual functions and underlying mechanisms of action are presently unknown. Here, we gather and analyse knowledge available on skin mucus AP in order to provide a holistic view of this important protective enzyme. Our main conclusions are that skin mucus AP is responsive to biotic and abiotic factors, including nutrients and bioactive feed components, prebiotics and probiotics. Importantly, both skin mucus AP and IAP appear to correlate, thus raising the interesting possibility that skin mucus AP be used as a proxy for IAP in future nutritional studies. Blood serum AP also seems to correlate with skin mucus AP, though biological interpretation for such relationship is presently unknown. Finally, the precise isoform/s of AP present in skin should be identified and underlying molecular mechanisms of skin mucus AP actions deciphered.
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Fernández-Montero Á, Torrecillas S, Izquierdo M, Caballero MJ, Milne DJ, Secombes CJ, Sweetman J, Da Silva P, Acosta F, Montero D. Increased parasite resistance of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili Risso 1810) juveniles fed a cMOS supplemented diet is associated with upregulation of a discrete set of immune genes in mucosal tissues. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:35-45. [PMID: 30339845 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of two forms of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS: Bio-Mos® and cMOS: Actigen®, Alltech Inc, USA) and their combination on greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) growth performance and feed efficiency, immune parameters and resistance against ectoparasite (Neobenedenia girellae) infection. Fish were fed for 90 days with 5 g kg-1 MOS, 2 g kg-1 cMOS or a combination of both prebiotics, in a Seriola commercial base diet (Skretting, Norway). At the end of the feeding period, no differences were found in growth performance or feed efficiency. Inclusion of MOS also had no effect on lysozyme activity in skin mucus and serum, but the supplementation of diets with cMOS induced a significant increase of serum bactericidal activity. Dietary cMOS also reduced significantly greater amberjack skin parasite levels, parasite total length and the number of parasites detected per unit of fish surface following a cohabitation challenge with N. girellae, whereas no effect of MOS was detected on these parameters. Of 17 immune genes studied cMOS dietary inclusion up-regulated hepcidin, defensin, Mx protein, interferon-γ (IFNγ), mucin-2 (MUC-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1B), IL-10 and immunoglobulin-T (IgT) gene expression in gills and/or skin. MOS supplementation had a larger impact on spleen and head kidney gene expression, where piscidin, defensin, iNOS, Mx protein, interferons, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-22 were all upregulated. In posterior gut dietary MOS and cMOS both induced IL-10, IgM and IgT, but with MOS also increasing piscidin, MUC-2, and IL-1β whilst cMOS induced hepcidin, defensin and IFNγ. In general, the combination of MOS and cMOS resulted in fewer or lower increases in all tissues, possibly due to an overstimulation effect. The utilization of cMOS at the dose used here has clear benefits on parasite resistance in greater amberjack, linked to upregulation of a discrete set of immune genes in mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María José Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Douglas John Milne
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Christopher John Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | | | | | - Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Universitario Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
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Safari O, Sarkheil M. Dietary administration of eryngii mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) powder on haemato-immunological responses, bactericidal activity of skin mucus and growth performance of koi carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio koi). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:505-513. [PMID: 29960061 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of edible eryngii mushroom powder, Pleurotus eryngii (PE), for 63 days on haematological parameters, the serum immune responses, skin mucus, bactericidal activity, stress resistance, growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Koi carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio koi). Fish were divided into five groups and each group was fed with dietary PE with five graded levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%). The results showed a significant dose-dependent increase of Ht, Hb, MCV and MCH levels in fish fed dietary PE (P < 0.05). The highest levels of WBCs, lymphocytes and monocytes were measured in fish fed 1.5% and 2% of dietary PE (P < 0.05). The activities of total IG, lysozyme, Alternative haemolytic complement activity in serum of fish fed with 2% of dietary PE for 63 days as well as 5-min air exposure challenge test were significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). The most bactericidal activity was observed in skin mucus of fish fed with 1.5% of dietary PE against Streptococcus iniae (P < 0.05). The highest ratio of the lactobacillus count to the total viable count was observed in fish fed 2% of dietary PE. The α-amylase activity of fish fed with dietary PE (1, 1.5 and 2%) were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Feeding fish 2% of dietary PE increased the trypsin and lipase activity compared to others groups (P < 0.05). The growth performance of fish fed 1.5% of dietary PE improved compared to control group (P < 0.05). The results revealed that feeding koi fish with dietary supplementation of PE (1.5 and 2%) improved the selected humoral innate immune responses, bactericidal activity of skin mucus and growth performance of koi fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Sarkheil
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Soltanian S, Hoseinifar SH, Gholamhosseini A. Modulation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cutaneous mucosal immune responses following anesthesia: A comparative study on different anesthetic agents. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:319-324. [PMID: 29920385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the possible effects of different anesthetic agents including MS222 (50 ppm), 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PE) (0.2 mL L-1) and clove oil (25 ppm), on cutaneous mucosal immune parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The induction and recovery times for each anesthetic agent were assessed. Also, the immune parameters were measured in skin mucus, 1 and 24 h post anesthesia. No significant difference was observed among treatments at 1 h post-anesthesia except for bactericidal and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities which was significantly enhanced in fish exposed to 2-PE compared to other anesthetics. At 24 h post-anesthesia, most of the skin mucosal immune parameters were increased upon exposure to clove oil but decreased following exposure to 2-PE. However, no significant change was noticed after MS222 exposure. These results demonstrated that the anesthetics type should be considered to avoid possible immunosuppression in farmed fish. Furthermore, the present results could be useful for better understanding of alterations in cutaneous mucosal immunity in response to chemical stressors such as anesthetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyavash Soltanian
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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31
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Mirghaed AT, Yarahmadi P, Hosseinifar SH, Tahmasebi D, Gheisvandi N, Ghaedi A. The effects singular or combined administration of fermentable fiber and probiotic on mucosal immune parameters, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota and growth performance of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fingerlings. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:194-199. [PMID: 29427721 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of single or combined administration of dietary fermentable fiber (Vitacel®) and probiotic PrimaLac® on mucosal immune parameters, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota and growth performance of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fingerlings. Fish were transferred to laboratory, acclimatized for two weeks and then fish (0.56 ± 0.026 g) were allocated into 12 tanks (30 fish per tank). Triplicate groups were fed a basal diet (Control) or basal diet supplemented with fermentable fiber [Vitacel®] (FF), probiotic [PrimaLac®] (P) and combined fermentable fiber and probiotic (FF + P). At the end of feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in FF, P and FF + P treatments compared control group. Evaluation of digestive enzyme activity revealed significant (P < 0.05) increase of lipase activity in fish fed supplemented diet. However, amylase, protease and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher (P < 0.05) only in P and FF + P treatments. Furthermore, total autochthonous intestinal microbiota and autochthonous LAB levels significantly increased in fish fed supplemented diet (P < 0.05). Also, inclusion of FF, P and FF + P in Caspian white fish diet remarkably increased skin mucus immune parameters compared control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that singular or combined administration of FF and P can be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for early stages of Caspian white fish (Rutilus fresii kutumn) culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taheri Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Peyman Yarahmadi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hosseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Davood Tahmasebi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nahid Gheisvandi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Gobi N, Vaseeharan B, Chen JC, Rekha R, Vijayakumar S, Anjugam M, Iswarya A. Dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 improves growth performance, mucus and serum immune parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity as well as resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:501-508. [PMID: 29305993 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 on the growth performance, immune parameters and antioxidant enzymes activities in serum and mucus as well as resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish (24 ± 2.5 g) were fed separately with three diets, 1) commercial diet (control), 2) diet containing probiotic at 105 cfu g-1 (D1) and 3) diet containing probiotic at 107 cfu g-1 (D2) for 4 weeks. Growth performance in term of final weight (FW) specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), immune parameters of total protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme (LYZ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and antioxidant parameters of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in serum and mucus were evaluated after 2nd and 4th weeks. The FW, SGR, and FCR of fish fed with D1 and D2 significantly improved (p < 0.05). The activities of ALP, LYZ and MPO in the mucus were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish that fed D1 and D2. The TP, ROS, RNS, SOD and GPx in the serum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish that fed D1 and D2. In addition, the challenge test showed that fish fed D1 and D2 enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the resistance against A. hydrophila (1 × 107 cells ml-1). In conclusion, probiotic B. licheniformis Dahb1 can be applied in diet at 107 cfu g-1 to improve healthy status and resistance against A. hydrophila in tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Gobi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India..
| | - Jiann-Chu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Ravichandran Rekha
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalingam Anjugam
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arokiadhas Iswarya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Srivastava A, Nigam AK, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Role of aloin in the modulation of certain immune parameters in skin mucus of an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:252-261. [PMID: 29242133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of immune system seems to be the most promising method of preventing fish diseases. Several herbal products have immunostimulant properties, and are environmental friendly, economical and can act against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Present study was designed with an aim to evaluate the role of aloin, extracted from a herb Aloe barbadensis, in the modulation of certain immune parameters in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. Fishes were divided into control, vehicle control and aloin treated groups. Experiments were conducted for 7 days and fishes from the three groups were analyzed at 2d, 4d, 6d and 8d. The results demonstrated that at different intervals, L. rohita administered with aloin showed a significant increase in the activity of enzymes - lysozyme, protease, carboxylesterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, catalase and peroxidase, and non-enzymatic factors hemagglutinin and alternate complement compared with that of the controls. Thus, it can be concluded that administration of aloin is beneficial in enhancing the immune response and hence it can be used as potent immunostimulant in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Srivastava
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar Nigam
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Castro-Osses D, Carrera-Naipil C, Gallardo-Escárate C, Gonçalves AT. Functional diets modulate the acute phase protein response in Oncorhynchus mykiss subjected to chronic stress and challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:62-70. [PMID: 28476670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The acute phase response to pathogens alters the production of proinflammatory cytokines that, in turn, activate the synthesis of acute phase proteins. These proteins neutralize, prevent, and indicate tissue damage, thereby influencing the specific immune response and allowing the organism to regain homeostasis. Functional diets based in pre- and probiotics are used in aquaculture to improve fish health and resistance to diseases, but there is an information gap on the mechanisms involved in these effects and if these diets are efficient when fish are raised under high stocking densities. This study aimed an evaluation of the acute phase response in Oncorhynchus mykiss fed functional diets supplemented with pre- and probiotics (i.e. mannan-oligosaccharides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively) and challenged by either Vibrio anguillarum or chronic stress via maintenance under high stocking densities. For this, the relative expression of acute phase response related genes in liver, and of inflammatory response related genes in head kidney was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The supplemented diets differentially modulated the acute phase protein response to the assessed challenge conditions, specifically evidencing an overexpression of the genes HAPT, SAA, LECT2, and IL-1β under chronic stress and of HAPT, IL-1β, IL8, and LECT2 at 24 h post-challenge with V. anguillarum. The observed early-stage regulation of acute phase proteins and of the immune response by the probiotic S. cerevisiae and by prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides suggests that both supplements have high immunostimulatory potentials for fish farmed under high stocking densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlyng Castro-Osses
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Crisleri Carrera-Naipil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana Teresa Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
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Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Bakhrouf A, Esteban MA. Effects of dietary supplementation with fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) skin mucosal immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:169-178. [PMID: 28433714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in modulating the immune response of fish, providing a combination of probiotics and herbal immunostimulants in aquafeed has rarely has been studied. The effects on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) of the dietary administration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds alone (FE), or combined with one of the following probiotic strains: Bacillus licheniformis (FEBL), Lactobacillus plantarum (FELP) or Bacillus subtilis (FEBS) were evaluated. Fish were fed a control or one of the supplemented diets for 3 weeks. After 2 and 3 weeks of the feeding trial, the abundance of terminal carbohydrates, IgM levels, enzymatic activities (proteases, alkaline phosphatase, esterase and ceruloplasmin) and bactericidal activity were determined in skin mucus. Our results demonstrated that the dietary administration of FE in combination with L. plantarum, particularly, increased carbohydrate abundance, the activity of certain enzymes such as ceruloplasmin, and bactericidal activity against the pathogenic bacterium Photobacterium damselae and the non-pathogenic bacterium B. subtilis in skin mucus at the end of the trial. The carbohydrates most affected by the FELP diet were mannose/glucose, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine. Interestingly, IgM levels were significantly higher in fish fed the FELP and FEBS diets whilst protease activity generally increased in all supplemented diets, which could suggests that the main effect in this activity was to the result of FE supplementation although that fact cannot be confirmed because the effects of probiotics addition alone were not studied. These results suggest that the combined dietary administration of fenugreek and L. plantarum will best enhance the skin mucosal immunity response of gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Bahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Mansouri Taee H, Hajimoradloo A, Hoseinifar SH, Ahmadvand H. Dietary Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) improved non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:320-324. [PMID: 28330807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of dietary Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) on non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Three hundred and sixty fingerlings (6.50 ± 0.55 g (were distributed in twelve cages (65 × 65 × 65 cm) with a metal framework. The study included four treatments repeated in triplicates. The treatments were feeding trouts with experimental diets containing different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) of Myrtle powder. The fingerlings were fed on experimental diet for sixty days and then skin mucus non-specific immune parameters as well as bactericidal activity were measured. At the end of the trial, the highest skin mucus soluble protein level was observed in group fed with 1.5% Myrtle (P < 0.05). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly increased in fish groups fed 1 and 1.5% Myrtle compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, evaluation of skin mucus lysozyme activity showed no significant difference between treatments and control group (P > 0.05). Also, no antibacterial activity was detected against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica in all treatments and control group. Whereas skin mucus of rainbow trout showed antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri) in 1 and 1.5% Myrtle treatments. These results indicated beneficial effects of dietary Myrtle on mucosal immune parameters of fingerling rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mansouri Taee
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Razi Herbal Researches Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoram Abad, Iran
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Reyes-Becerril M, Guluarte C, Ceballos-Francisco D, Angulo C, Esteban MÁ. Dietary yeast Sterigmatomyces halophilus enhances mucosal immunity of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:165-175. [PMID: 28315392 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A yeast was isolated from hypersaline sediments, grown and phylogenetically characterized as Sterigmatomyces halophilus strainN16. The dietary administration of this yeast was studied for its effect on skin mucosal immune and antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish were fed a commercial diet (control, non-supplemented diet), or the same commercial diet supplemented with 0.55% or 1.1% of yeast for 15 and 30 days. One month after the end of the trial, fish from all treatments were intraperitoneally injected with pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and further fed with the same diets for one week, after which fish were also sampled. Significant increases were observed in the immune activities determined in the fish fed the yeast supplemented diets compared with the values recorded in mucus of fish from the control group. The expression levels of trypsin (one of the main digestive enzymes) and several immune-related genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IgM, C3 and lysozyme) were also evaluated by real-time PCR in intestine and skin. Interestingly, trypsin gene expression in intestine was up regulated in both experimental diets compared with the control group, particularly in fish fed with 0.55% of S. halophilus at any time of the experimental trial. Immune-related genes in intestine and skin were strongly expressed principally in fish fed with 0.55% of S. halophilus for 15 days and 1.1% for 30 days and after infection, respectively. The present results suggest that the yeast S. halophilus can be considered as a novel fish immunostimulant. The excellent potential of marine microorganisms isolated from extreme environments with beneficial properties for fish is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Diana Ceballos-Francisco
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology& Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain.
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Safari O, Paolucci M, Motlagh HA. Effects of synbiotics on immunity and disease resistance of narrow-clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:392-400. [PMID: 28363588 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics (mannanoligosaccharide and xylooligosaccharide), probiotics (Enterococcus faecalis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and synbiotics for 126 days on the immune responses, hemolymph indices, antioxidant enzymes, and biological responses after a 48-hour Aeromonas hydrophila exposure of sub-adult crayfish (11.45 ± 1.87 g). Most antibacterial activities were observed in the shell mucus of crayfish fed a diet containing xylooligosaccharide + E. faecalis and mannanoligosaccharide + Pediococcus acidilactici against Nocardia brasilience and Vibrio harveyi (p < 0.05). Feeding crayfish a xylooligosaccharide + E. faecalis diet increased protein levels and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in the shell mucus after the feeding trial and 48 h after the A. hydrophila-injection challenge (p < 0.05). The highest ratio of the lactobacillus count to the total viable count was observed in synbiotic diets (p < 0.05). Feeding crayfish a xylooligosaccharide + E. faecalis diet increased the growth rate and the resistance to the A. hydrophila-injection challenge (p < 0.05). These results revealed that feeding crayfish with synbiotic diets was more effective than a single administration with prebiotics and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Hamidreza Ahmadnia Motlagh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Øverland M, Skrede A. Yeast derived from lignocellulosic biomass as a sustainable feed resource for use in aquaculture. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:733-742. [PMID: 27558451 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion in aquaculture production implies an emerging need of suitable and sustainable protein sources. Currently, the fish feed industry is dependent on high-quality protein sources of marine and plant origin. Yeast derived from processing of low-value and non-food lignocellulosic biomass is a potential sustainable source of protein in fish diets. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, the hexose and pentose sugars of lignocellulosic substrates and supplementary nutrients can be converted into protein-rich yeast biomass by fermentation. Studies have shown that yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus have favourable amino acid composition and excellent properties as protein sources in diets for fish, including carnivorous species such as Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Suitable downstream processing of the biomass to disrupt cell walls is required to secure high nutrient digestibility. A number of studies have shown various immunological and health benefits from feeding fish low levels of yeast and yeast-derived cell wall fractions. This review summarises current literature on the potential of yeast from lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative protein source for the aquaculture industry. It is concluded that further research and development within yeast production can be important to secure the future sustainability and economic viability of intensive aquaculture. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anders Skrede
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
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Hoseinifar SH, Zoheiri F, Dadar M, Rufchaei R, Ringø E. Dietary galactooligosaccharide elicits positive effects on non-specific immune parameters and growth performance in Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:467-472. [PMID: 27498222 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An eight-weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS), on the skin and serum non-specific immune parameters and growth performance of Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry. Fish (2.07 ± 0.08 g) were fed different levels of GOS (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%). No significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed in mucus protease activity, but inclusion of 1% GOS significantly (P < 0.05) elevated total immunoglobulin (Ig) level and lysozyme activity. Evaluation of serum non-specific immune parameters revealed significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum total Ig and lysozyme activity of fish fed 1% or 2% GOS compared those of fish fed control diet. Furthermore, the serum alternative haemolytic complement activity (ACH50) was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in all prebiotic groups regardless of inclusion levels. Administration of GOS in diet significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance and feed utilisation. The results of the present study revealed that GOS administration is beneficial by improving immune response and growth performance of Caspian white fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Fazel Zoheiri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Rudabeh Rufchaei
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, National Inland Water Aquaculture Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Anzali, Iran
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Norway
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Miandare HK, Farvardin S, Shabani A, Hoseinifar SH, Ramezanpour SS. The effects of galactooligosaccharide on systemic and mucosal immune response, growth performance and appetite related gene transcript in goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:479-483. [PMID: 27311434 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of supplementation of goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio) diet with galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on serum immune response, mucosal immune parameters as well as appetite-related (Ghrelin) and immune-related (TNF-1α and TNF-2α) genes expression. One hundred and eighty fish with an average weight of 4.88 ± 0.28 g were stocked in twelve 500-L fiberglass tank assigned to four treatments repeated in triplicates. Fish were fed on experimental diets contain 0.5, 1 and 2% GOS for 6 weeks. Supplementation of diet with GOS had no remarkable effect on goldfish growth performance (P > 0.05). Evaluation of serum innate immune parameters revealed that supplementation of diet with GOS significantly elevated total protein, Albumin, Globulins, Lysozyme and Alkaline phosphatase activity as well as agglutination compared to control group in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.0.5). Also, Fish fed 2% GOS supplemented diet showed increased skin mucus immune response (total protein and lysozyme activity) compared other groups (P < 0.0.5); except in case of ALP activity. Molecular studies on appetite (ghrelin) and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-1α and TNF-2α) genes expression revealed remarkably decrease and increase, respectively in GOS fed fish (P < 0.0.5). These results showed immunomodulatory effects of dietary GOS on serum and skin mucus response as well as expression of inflammatory cytokines in goldfish, though this supplement decreased appetite gene expression and had no effect on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kolangi Miandare
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Shoeib Farvardin
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Shabani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyyede Sanaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
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Jia R, Liu BL, Feng WR, Han C, Huang B, Lei JL. Stress and immune responses in skin of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under different stocking densities. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:131-139. [PMID: 27235366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish skin and its mucus provide the first line of defense against chemical, physical and biological stressors, but little is known about the role of skin and its mucus in immune response to crowding stress. In the present study, we investigated the stress and immune responses in skin of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under different stocking densities. Turbot (average weight 185.4 g) were reared for 120 days under three densities: low density (LD), medium density (MD), and high density (HD). After 120 days, fish were weighed and sampled to obtain blood, mucus and skin tissues which were used for analyses of biochemical parameters and genes expression. The results showed HD treatment significantly suppressed growth and enhanced plasma cortisol and glucose levels (P < 0.05). In mucus, the activities of lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and esterase in HD treatment were lower than LD and MD treatments (P < 0.05) In skin, HD treatment resulted in up-regulation in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) mRNA level, and down-regulation in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the transcriptions of glutathione-s-transferase (GST), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), insulin-like growth factor- (IGF-) and LZM (P < 0.05). Overall, the data suggested that overly high stocking density was a stressor which caused an immunosuppression in skin of turbot. Moreover, this information would help to understand the skin immunity and their relation with stress and disease in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China.
| | - Wen-Rong Feng
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
| | - Cen Han
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
| | - Ji-Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
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Azimirad M, Meshkini S, Ahmadifard N, Hoseinifar SH. The effects of feeding with synbiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici and fructooligosaccharide) enriched adult Artemia on skin mucus immune responses, stress resistance, intestinal microbiota and performance of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:516-522. [PMID: 27150050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding on synbiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici and fructooligosaccharide) enriched adult Artemia franciscana on skin mucus immune responses, stress resistance, intestinal microbiota and growth performance of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare). Three hundred and sixty fish with initial weight 3.2 ± 0.13 g were randomly divided into twelve aquaria (50 L) assigned to four groups in triplicates. Fish were fed for 7 weeks with dietary treatments, including treatment 1: feeding adult Artemia without enrichment (control group), treatment 2: feeding adult Artemia enriched with lyophilised probiotic P. acidilactici (700 mg L(-1)), 3: feeding adult Artemia enriched with prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) (100 mg L(-1)), group 4: feeding adult Artemia enriched with synbiotic (P. acidilactici (700 mg L(-1)) + FOS (100 mg L(-1))). Skin mucus immune responses (lysozyme activity, total Immunoglobulin and protease), stress resistance against environmental stress (acute decrease of temperature and increase salinity), intestinal microbiota as well as growth indices were measured at the end of feeding trial. Artemia enriched with synbiotic significantly improved growth performance compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). The highest weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) was observed in synbiotic fed fish (P < 0.05). Compared to the other treatments, the population of lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher in the intestinal microbiota of fish fed synbiotic supplemented diet (P < 0.05). In the environmental stress challenge test, the maximum resistance to abrupt decrease of temperature (17 °C) or elevation of salinity (12 g per liter) was observed in the synbiotic treatment. Also, the total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity level of skin mucus was significantly elevated in fish fed Artemia enriched with synbiotic (P < 0.05). These results revealed that feeding angelfish with synbiotic enriched Artemia was more effective than singular enrichment with probiotics or prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Azimirad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Saeed Meshkini
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Ahmadifard
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Adorian TJ, Goulart FR, Mombach PI, de Menezes Lovatto N, Dalcin M, Molinari M, Lazzari R, da Silva LP. Effect of different dietary fiber concentrates on the metabolism and indirect immune response in silver catfish. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ghehdarijani MS, Hajimoradloo A, Ghorbani R, Roohi Z. The effects of garlic-supplemented diets on skin mucosal immune responses, stress resistance and growth performance of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fry. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:79-83. [PMID: 26700174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic supplementation on some skin mucus immune parameters, mucus antimicrobial activity and growth performance of the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) fry. Fish (1 ± 0.07 g) were divided into four groups fed diets containing 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 g kg(-1) garlic for 8 weeks. The results showed that there was a significant increase in weight gain and specific growth rate in those fish fed garlic diets compared with the control (P < 0.05). Condition factor was not significantly affected by garlic dosage. At the end of trial, the epidermal mucus protein level, alkaline phosphatase and antimicrobial activity against 2 g-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens) and gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus faecium and Micrococcus luteus) were measured. Skin mucus alkaline phosphatase, protein levels and antimicrobial activity were increased following garlic administration, and the bacterial growth inhibition zones were significantly elevated in garlic-fed fish (P < 0.05). In salinity stress experiment, no differences were observed for survival rate among the experimental diets. No mortality was recorded during the feeding trial. These results indicated that dietary garlic beneficially affects the skin mucus immune parameters and growth performance of the Caspian roach fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubeh Salmanian Ghehdarijani
- Fisheries Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Fisheries Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Rasol Ghorbani
- Fisheries Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Zahra Roohi
- Fisheries Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
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46
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Cerezuela R, Guardiola FA, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. Enrichment of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) diet with palm fruit extracts and probiotics: Effects on skin mucosal immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:100-109. [PMID: 26712151 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish skin mucus contains numerous immune substances still poorly studied. To date, there are no studies regarding the possible influence of dietary supplements on such important substances. In the present work, a commercial diet used as control diet was enriched with: 1) probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens (Pdp11 diet, 10(9) cfu g(-1)); 2) probiotic Bacillus sp. (Bacillus diet, 10(9) ufc g(-1)); 3) aqueous date palm fruits extracts (DPE diet, 4%), and 4) a combination of Pdp11 + Bacillus sp + aqueous DPE (Mix diet). After 2 and 4 weeks of the feeding trial, enzymatic activities (proteases, antiproteases and peroxidases), IgM levels and terminal carbohydrates abundance were determined in skin mucus. In addition, the expression of certain immune related genes was evaluated in the skin. Our results demonstrated the significant alteration of the terminal carbohydrate abundance in skin mucus. Carbohydrates more affected by experimental diets were N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, galactose, mannose, glucose and fucose. IgM, peroxidase activity and protease were also significantly higher in fish fed enriched diets. For last, an important up-regulation on the immune related gene studied on the skin was also detected. Present findings provide robust evidence that fish skin mucosal immunity can be improved by the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Cerezuela
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Guardiola FA, de Haro JP, Díaz-Baños FG, Meseguer J, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. Terminal carbohydrate composition, IgM level and enzymatic and bacteriostatic activity of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) skin epidermis extracts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:352-359. [PMID: 26384845 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the skin is one of the main defense barriers of fish to date, very little is known about the immune implications and the properties of the numerous substances present in skin cells. In the present study, terminal carbohydrate composition and some components of the skin immunity (total IgM level, and several enzymatic and bacteriostatic activities) present on aqueous and organic epidermal extracts of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were determined. Most of the parameters measured followed a protein concentration dose-response. Curiously, both skin extracts have similar levels of total IgM. However, aqueous extracts showed higher presence of some terminal carbohydrates, alkaline phosphatase and esterase activities and lower proteases and ceruloplasmin activities than epidermal organic extracts. Regarding the bacteriostatic activity, the growth of all the bacterial strains tested was reduced when cultivated in presence of organic extracts, being the observed reduction correlated to the protein concentration present in the extract sample. On the contrary, skin aqueous extracts have no significant effect on bacterial growth or even allow bacteria to overgrow, suggesting that the bacteria could use the extracts as a nutrient source. The results are discussed and compared with the same activities studied on fish skin mucus in order to understand their possible implications on mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Guardiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan P de Haro
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Guillermo Díaz-Baños
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Hoseinifar SH, Mirvaghefi A, Amoozegar MA, Sharifian M, Esteban MÁ. Modulation of innate immune response, mucosal parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) upon synbiotic feeding. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:27-32. [PMID: 25827628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of dietary supplements of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), Pediococcus acidilactici and P. acidilactici + GOS on innate immune response, skin mucus as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings (15.04 ± 0.52 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, several innate immune (lysozyme, alternative complement and respiratory burst activities) and skin mucus parameters (bactericidal activity against Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and mucus protein content) were studied. The results indicated that the three supplemented diet significantly increased innate immune response and skin mucus parameters in rainbow trout. The highest innate immune response, skin mucus activity as well as protein level was observed in synbiotic fed fish. Furthermore, at the end of the feeding experiment, some fish were intraperitoneally injected with Streptococcus iniae to determine the disease resistance. The mortality of fingerlings fed supplemented diet was significantly lower than fish from control group being the lowest mortality recorded in synbiotic fed fish group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mirvaghefi
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Lab. Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharifian
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Guardiola FA, Dioguardi M, Parisi MG, Trapani MR, Meseguer J, Cuesta A, Cammarata M, Esteban MA. Evaluation of waterborne exposure to heavy metals in innate immune defences present on skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:112-123. [PMID: 25700783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals are continuously exposed to chemical pollutants but the effects evoked in skin surfaces, which receive the most direct contact with them, are poorly investigated. Terminal carbohydrate composition and immunological components present in skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) specimens exposed to waterborne sublethal dosages of heavy metals [arsenic (As2O3), cadmium (CdCl2) and mercury (CH3HgCl) at 5, 5 and 0.04 μM, respectively for 2, 10 and 30 days were analysed. Moreover, the presence of a fucose binding lectin (FBL) was evaluated by western blot and the protein profiles were by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Results showed little effects of heavy metals in the presence of several terminal carbohydrates with few increments or decrements. Most of the enzyme activities related to immune responses were increased upon heavy metal exposure in the skin mucus including bactericidal activity. Methylmercury produced the most dramatic changes increasing all the activities. Moreover, the FBL was undetected in any of the control fish skin mucus but was evident in all the heavy metal exposed fish. In addition, As and Cd produced a clear change in the protein profile as evidenced by the lack of a protein band of around 12 kDa which is absent. These protein changes were more evident with the HPLC study showing the presence of different peaks and differences in intensity. The present results could be useful for better understanding the role and their behaviour of the mucosal immunity in skin as a key component of the innate immune system against pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Guardiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Dioguardi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Trapani
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - José Meseguer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - María A Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Hoseinifar SH, Roosta Z, Hajimoradloo A, Vakili F. The effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus as feed supplement on skin mucosal immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, stress resistance and growth performance of black swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:533-538. [PMID: 25514375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effects of different levels of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus as feed supplement on intestinal microbiota, skin mucus immune parameters and salinity stress resistance as well as growth performance of black swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri). One-thousand and eight hundred healthy black swordtail larvae (0.03 ± 0.001 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks (100 L) at a density of 150 fish per aquaria and fed different levels of dietary L. acidophilus (0, 1.5 × 10(8), 3 × 10(8) and 6 × 10(8) CFU g(-1)) for 10 weeks. At the end of trial, there were significant differences among antibacterial activity of skin mucus in probiotic fed fish and control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the skin mucus protein level and alkaline phosphatase activity in control group were significantly lower than those of L. acidophilus fed fish (P < 0.05). Microbiological assessments revealed that feeding with probiotic supplemented diet remarkably increased total autochthonous bacteria and autochthonous lactic acid bacteria levels (P < 0.05). The results showed that dietary administration of L. acidophilus significantly elevated black swordtail resistance against salinity stress (i.e survival %) (P < 0.05). Also, dietary administration of different levels of L. acidophilus improved weight gain, SGR, FCR compared to fish fed unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate beneficial effects of dietary L. acidophilus on mucosal immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, stress resistance and growth parameters of black swordtail and the appropriate inclusion is 6 × 10(8) CFU g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Roosta
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, The University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vakili
- Department of Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
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