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Pashazadeh Azari P, Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd M, Charostad J, Bashash D, Farsiu N, Behzadi S, Mahdieh Khoshnazar S, Heydari S, Nakhaie M. Monkeypox (Mpox) vs. Innate immune responses: Insights into evasion mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. Cytokine 2024; 183:156751. [PMID: 39244831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Orthopoxviruses, a group of zoonotic viral infections, have emerged as a significant health emergency and global concern, particularly exemplified by the re-emergence of monkeypox (Mpox). Effectively addressing these viral infections necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between the viruses and the host's immune response. In this review, we aim to elucidate the multifaceted aspects of innate immunity in the context of orthopoxviruses, with a specific focus on monkeypox virus (MPXV). We provide an in-depth analysis of the roles of key innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes, in the host defense against MPXV. Furthermore, we explore the interferon (IFN) response, highlighting the involvement of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic DNA/RNA sensors in detecting and responding to the viral presence. This review also examines the complement system's contribution to the immune response and provides a detailed analysis of the immune evasion strategies employed by MPXV to evade host defenses. Additionally, we discuss current prevention and treatment strategies for Mpox, including pre-exposure (PrEP) and post-exposure (PoEP) prophylaxis, supportive treatments, antivirals, and vaccinia immune globulin (VIG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Pashazadeh Azari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Javad Charostad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Farsiu
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saleh Behzadi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sajjad Heydari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Melo-Silva CR, Sigal LJ. Innate and adaptive immune responses that control lymph-borne viruses in the draining lymph node. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:999-1007. [PMID: 38918577 PMCID: PMC11364670 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The interstitial fluids in tissues are constantly drained into the lymph nodes (LNs) as lymph through afferent lymphatic vessels and from LNs into the blood through efferent lymphatics. LNs are strategically positioned and have the appropriate cellular composition to serve as sites of adaptive immune initiation against invading pathogens. However, for lymph-borne viruses, which disseminate from the entry site to other tissues through the lymphatic system, immune cells in the draining LN (dLN) also play critical roles in curbing systemic viral dissemination during primary and secondary infections. Lymph-borne viruses in tissues can be transported to dLNs as free virions in the lymph or within infected cells. Regardless of the entry mechanism, infected myeloid antigen-presenting cells, including various subtypes of dendritic cells, inflammatory monocytes, and macrophages, play a critical role in initiating the innate immune response within the dLN. This innate immune response involves cellular crosstalk between infected and bystander innate immune cells that ultimately produce type I interferons (IFN-Is) and other cytokines and recruit inflammatory monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. IFN-I and NK cell cytotoxicity can restrict systemic viral spread during primary infections and prevent serious disease. Additionally, the memory CD8+ T-cells that reside or rapidly migrate to the dLN can contribute to disease prevention during secondary viral infections. This review explores the intricate innate immune responses orchestrated within dLNs that contain primary viral infections and the role of memory CD8+ T-cells following secondary infection or CD8+ T-cell vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Melo-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building Room 709, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building Room 709, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Tsao T, Qiu L, Bharti R, Shemesh A, Hernandez AM, Cleary SJ, Greenland NY, Santos J, Shi R, Bai L, Richardson J, Dilley K, Will M, Tomasevic N, Sputova T, Salles A, Kang J, Zhang D, Hays SR, Kukreja J, Singer JP, Lanier LL, Looney MR, Greenland JR, Calabrese DR. CD94 + natural killer cells potentiate pulmonary ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Eur Respir J 2024; 64:2302171. [PMID: 39190789 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02171-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major contributor to poor lung transplant outcomes. We recently demonstrated a central role of airway-centred natural killer (NK) cells in mediating IRI; however, there are no existing effective therapies for directly targeting NK cells in humans. METHODS We hypothesised that a depleting anti-CD94 monoclonal antibody (mAb) would provide therapeutic benefit in mouse and human models of IRI based on high levels of KLRD1 (CD94) transcripts in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from lung transplant patients. RESULTS We found that CD94 is highly expressed on mouse and human NK cells, with increased expression during IRI. Anti-mouse and anti-human mAbs against CD94 showed effective NK cell depletion in mouse and human models and blunted lung damage and airway epithelial killing, respectively. In two different allogeneic orthotopic lung transplant mouse models, anti-CD94 treatment during induction reduced early lung injury and chronic inflammation relative to control therapies. Anti-CD94 did not increase donor antigen-presenting cells that could alter long-term graft acceptance. CONCLUSIONS Lung transplant induction regimens incorporating anti-CD94 treatment may safely improve early clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Tsao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- T. Tsao and L. Qiu contributed equally
| | - Longhui Qiu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- T. Tsao and L. Qiu contributed equally
| | - Reena Bharti
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avishai Shemesh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alberto M Hernandez
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon J Cleary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy Y Greenland
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Santos
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco - East Bay, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Lu Bai
- Dren Bio, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongliang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven R Hays
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Singer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ngiow SF, Manne S, Huang YJ, Azar T, Chen Z, Mathew D, Chen Q, Khan O, Wu JE, Alcalde V, Flowers AJ, McClain S, Baxter AE, Kurachi M, Shi J, Huang AC, Giles JR, Sharpe AH, Vignali DAA, Wherry EJ. LAG-3 sustains TOX expression and regulates the CD94/NKG2-Qa-1b axis to govern exhausted CD8 T cell NK receptor expression and cytotoxicity. Cell 2024; 187:4336-4354.e19. [PMID: 39121847 PMCID: PMC11337978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells in chronic viral infection and cancer have sustained co-expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs). Tex cells can be reinvigorated by blocking IRs, such as PD-1, but synergistic reinvigoration and enhanced disease control can be achieved by co-targeting multiple IRs including PD-1 and LAG-3. To dissect the molecular changes intrinsic when these IR pathways are disrupted, we investigated the impact of loss of PD-1 and/or LAG-3 on Tex cells during chronic infection. These analyses revealed distinct roles of PD-1 and LAG-3 in regulating Tex cell proliferation and effector functions, respectively. Moreover, these studies identified an essential role for LAG-3 in sustaining TOX and Tex cell durability as well as a LAG-3-dependent circuit that generated a CD94/NKG2+ subset of Tex cells with enhanced cytotoxicity mediated by recognition of the stress ligand Qa-1b, with similar observations in humans. These analyses disentangle the non-redundant mechanisms of PD-1 and LAG-3 and their synergy in regulating Tex cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tarek Azar
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qingzhou Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victor Alcalde
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahron J Flowers
- Tara Miller Melanoma Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean McClain
- Tara Miller Melanoma Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Taniguchi S, Saito T, Paroha R, Huang C, Paessler S, Maruyama J. Unraveling factors responsible for pathogenic differences in Lassa virus strains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595091. [PMID: 38826374 PMCID: PMC11142057 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the etiological agent of Lassa fever (LF), a severe hemorrhagic disease with potential for lethal outcomes. Apart from acute symptoms, LF survivors often endure long-term complications, notably hearing loss, which significantly impacts their quality of life and socioeconomic status in endemic regions of West Africa. Classified as a Risk Group 4 agent, LASV poses a substantial public health threat in affected areas. Our laboratory previously developed a novel lethal guinea pig model of LF utilizing the clinical isolate LASV strain LF2384. However, the specific pathogenic factors underlying LF2384 infection in guinea pigs remained elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the differences in the immunological response induced by LF2384 and LF2350, another LASV isolate from a non-lethal LF case within the same outbreak. Through comprehensive immunological gene profiling, we compared the expression kinetics of key genes in guinea pigs infected with LASV LF2384 and LF2350. Our analysis revealed differential expression patterns for several immunological genes, including CD94, CD19-2, CD23, IL-7, and CIITA, during LF2384 and LF2350 infection. Moreover, through the generation of recombinant LASVs, we sought to identify the specific viral genes responsible for the observed pathogenic differences between LF2384 and LF2350. Our investigations pinpointed the L protein as a crucial determinant of pathogenicity in guinea pigs infected with LASV LF2384.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ruchi Paroha
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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6
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Torcellan T, Friedrich C, Doucet-Ladevèze R, Ossner T, Solé VV, Riedmann S, Ugur M, Imdahl F, Rosshart SP, Arnold SJ, Gomez de Agüero M, Gagliani N, Flavell RA, Backes S, Kastenmüller W, Gasteiger G. Circulating NK cells establish tissue residency upon acute infection of skin and mediate accelerated effector responses to secondary infection. Immunity 2024; 57:124-140.e7. [PMID: 38157853 PMCID: PMC10783803 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are present in the circulation and can also be found residing in tissues, and these populations exhibit distinct developmental requirements and are thought to differ in terms of ontogeny. Here, we investigate whether circulating conventional NK (cNK) cells can develop into long-lived tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells following acute infections. We found that viral and bacterial infections of the skin triggered the recruitment of cNK cells and their differentiation into Tcf1hiCD69hi trNK cells that share transcriptional similarity with CD56brightTCF1hi NK cells in human tissues. Skin trNK cells arose from interferon (IFN)-γ-producing effector cells and required restricted expression of the transcriptional regulator Blimp1 to optimize Tcf1-dependent trNK cell formation. Upon secondary infection, trNK cells rapidly gained effector function and mediated an accelerated NK cell response. Thus, cNK cells redistribute and permanently position at sites of previous infection via a mechanism promoting tissue residency that is distinct from Hobit-dependent developmental paths of NK cells and ILC1 seeding tissues during ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Torcellan
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christin Friedrich
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rémi Doucet-Ladevèze
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ossner
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics, and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Virgínia Visaconill Solé
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sofie Riedmann
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milas Ugur
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Simone Backes
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Qudus MS, Cui X, Tian M, Afaq U, Sajid M, Qureshi S, Liu S, Ma J, Wang G, Faraz M, Sadia H, Wu K, Zhu C. The prospective outcome of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1196699. [PMID: 37533932 PMCID: PMC10391643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1196699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new threat to global health re-emerged with monkeypox's advent in early 2022. As of November 10, 2022, nearly 80,000 confirmed cases had been reported worldwide, with most of them coming from places where the disease is not common. There were 53 fatalities, with 40 occurring in areas that had never before recorded monkeypox and the remaining 13 appearing in the regions that had previously reported the disease. Preliminary genetic data suggest that the 2022 monkeypox virus is part of the West African clade; the virus can be transmitted from person to person through direct interaction with lesions during sexual activity. It is still unknown if monkeypox can be transmitted via sexual contact or, more particularly, through infected body fluids. This most recent epidemic's reservoir host, or principal carrier, is still a mystery. Rodents found in Africa can be the possible intermediate host. Instead, the CDC has confirmed that there are currently no particular treatments for monkeypox virus infection in 2022; however, antivirals already in the market that are successful against smallpox may mitigate the spread of monkeypox. To protect against the disease, the JYNNEOS (Imvamune or Imvanex) smallpox vaccine can be given. The spread of monkeypox can be slowed through measures such as post-exposure immunization, contact tracing, and improved case diagnosis and isolation. Final Thoughts: The latest monkeypox epidemic is a new hazard during the COVID-19 epidemic. The prevailing condition of the monkeypox epidemic along with coinfection with COVID-19 could pose a serious condition for clinicians that could lead to the global epidemic community in the form of coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaib Qudus
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Uzair Afaq
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts Worcester, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sonia Qureshi
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - June Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guolei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Muhammad Faraz
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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8
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Cabanillas B, Murdaca G, Guemari A, Torres MJ, Azkur AK, Aksoy E, Vitte J, de Las Vecillas L, Giovannini M, Fernández-Santamaria R, Castagnoli R, Orsi A, Amato R, Giberti I, Català A, Ambrozej D, Schaub B, Tramper-Stranders GA, Novak N, Nadeau KC, Agache I, Akdis M, Akdis CA. A compilation answering 50 questions on monkeypox virus and the current monkeypox outbreak. Allergy 2023; 78:639-662. [PMID: 36587287 DOI: 10.1111/all.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current monkeypox disease (MPX) outbreak constitutes a new threat and challenge for our society. With more than 55,000 confirmed cases in 103 countries, World Health Organization declared the ongoing MPX outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on July 23, 2022. The current MPX outbreak is the largest, most widespread, and most serious since the diagnosis of the first case of MPX in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country where MPX is an endemic disease. Throughout history, there have only been sporadic and self-limiting outbreaks of MPX outside Africa, with a total of 58 cases described from 2003 to 2021. This figure contrasts with the current outbreak of 2022, in which more than 55,000 cases have been confirmed in just 4 months. MPX is, in most cases, self-limiting; however, severe clinical manifestations and complications have been reported. Complications are usually related to the extent of virus exposure and patient health status, generally affecting children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised patients. The expansive nature of the current outbreak leaves many questions that the scientific community should investigate and answer in order to understand this phenomenon better and prevent new threats in the future. In this review, 50 questions regarding monkeypox virus (MPXV) and the current MPX outbreak were answered in order to provide the most updated scientific information and to explore the potential causes and consequences of this new health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Amir Guemari
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ahmet Kursat Azkur
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Emel Aksoy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Joana Vitte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Montpellier University, IDESP INSERM UMR UA 11, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rosa Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Giberti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alba Català
- Dermatology Department, Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominika Ambrozej
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany.,Member of German Center for Lung Research - DZL, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ioana Agache
- Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania.,Theramed Medical Center, Brasov, Romania
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
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9
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Perry LM, Cruz SM, Kleber KT, Judge SJ, Darrow MA, Jones LB, Basmaci UN, Joshi N, Settles ML, Durbin-Johnson BP, Gingrich AA, Monjazeb AM, Carr-Ascher J, Thorpe SW, Murphy WJ, Eisen JA, Canter RJ. Human soft tissue sarcomas harbor an intratumoral viral microbiome which is linked with natural killer cell infiltrate and prognosis. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2021-004285. [PMID: 36599469 PMCID: PMC9815021 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Groundbreaking studies have linked the gut microbiome with immune homeostasis and antitumor immune responses. Mounting evidence has also demonstrated an intratumoral microbiome, including in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), although detailed characterization of the STS intratumoral microbiome is limited. We sought to characterize the intratumoral microbiome in patients with STS undergoing preoperative radiotherapy and surgery, hypothesizing the presence of a distinct intratumoral microbiome with potentially clinically significant microbial signatures. METHODS We prospectively obtained tumor and stool samples from adult patients with non-metastatic STS using a strict sterile collection protocol to minimize contamination. Metagenomic classification was used to estimate abundance using genus and species taxonomic levels across all classified organisms, and data were analyzed with respect to clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS Fifteen patients were enrolled. Most tumors were located at an extremity (67%) and were histologic grade 3 (87%). 40% were well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma histology. With a median follow-up of 24 months, 4 (27%) patients developed metastases, and 3 (20%) died. Despite overwhelming human DNA (>99%) intratumorally, we detected a small but consistent proportion of bacterial DNA (0.02-0.03%) in all tumors, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, as well as viral species. In the tumor microenvironment, we observed a strong positive correlation between viral relative abundance and natural killer (NK) infiltration, and higher NK infiltration was associated with superior metastasis-free and overall survival by immunohistochemical, flow cytometry, and multiplex immunofluorescence analyses. CONCLUSIONS We prospectively demonstrate the presence of a distinct and measurable intratumoral microbiome in patients with STS at multiple time points. Our data suggest that the STS tumor microbiome has prognostic significance with viral relative abundance associated with NK infiltration and oncologic outcome. Additional studies are warranted to further assess the clinical impact of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Perry
- Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sylvia M Cruz
- Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kara T Kleber
- Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sean J Judge
- Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Morgan A Darrow
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Louis B Jones
- Orthopedics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX, Usa
| | - Ugur N Basmaci
- Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Bioinformatics Core, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matthew L Settles
- Bioinformatics Core, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Alicia A Gingrich
- Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Arta Monir Monjazeb
- Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Janai Carr-Ascher
- Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Steve W Thorpe
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA,Dermatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jonathan A Eisen
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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10
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Madissoon E, Oliver AJ, Kleshchevnikov V, Wilbrey-Clark A, Polanski K, Richoz N, Ribeiro Orsi A, Mamanova L, Bolt L, Elmentaite R, Pett JP, Huang N, Xu C, He P, Dabrowska M, Pritchard S, Tuck L, Prigmore E, Perera S, Knights A, Oszlanczi A, Hunter A, Vieira SF, Patel M, Lindeboom RGH, Campos LS, Matsuo K, Nakayama T, Yoshida M, Worlock KB, Nikolić MZ, Georgakopoulos N, Mahbubani KT, Saeb-Parsy K, Bayraktar OA, Clatworthy MR, Stegle O, Kumasaka N, Teichmann SA, Meyer KB. A spatially resolved atlas of the human lung characterizes a gland-associated immune niche. Nat Genet 2023; 55:66-77. [PMID: 36543915 PMCID: PMC9839452 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics has allowed unprecedented resolution of cell types/states in the human lung, but their spatial context is less well defined. To (re)define tissue architecture of lung and airways, we profiled five proximal-to-distal locations of healthy human lungs in depth using multi-omic single cell/nuclei and spatial transcriptomics (queryable at lungcellatlas.org ). Using computational data integration and analysis, we extend beyond the suspension cell paradigm and discover macro and micro-anatomical tissue compartments including previously unannotated cell types in the epithelial, vascular, stromal and nerve bundle micro-environments. We identify and implicate peribronchial fibroblasts in lung disease. Importantly, we discover and validate a survival niche for IgA plasma cells in the airway submucosal glands (SMG). We show that gland epithelial cells recruit B cells and IgA plasma cells, and promote longevity and antibody secretion locally through expression of CCL28, APRIL and IL-6. This new 'gland-associated immune niche' has implications for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elo Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda J Oliver
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nathan Richoz
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Ribeiro Orsi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rasa Elmentaite
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Patrick Pett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chuan Xu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Dabrowska
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Pritchard
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liz Tuck
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Prigmore
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shani Perera
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Knights
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnes Oszlanczi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Hunter
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara F Vieira
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minal Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lia S Campos
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Masahiro Yoshida
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kaylee B Worlock
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nikitas Georgakopoulos
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory/Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Rahman MM, McFadden G. Role of cytokines in poxvirus host tropism and adaptation. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 57:101286. [PMID: 36427482 PMCID: PMC9704024 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Poxviruses are a diverse family of double-stranded DNA viruses that cause mild-to-severe disease in selective hosts, including humans. Although most poxviruses are restricted to their hosts, some members can leap host species and cause zoonotic diseases and, therefore, are genuine threats to human and animal health. The recent global spread of monkeypox in humans suggests that zoonotic poxviruses can adapt to a new host, spread rapidly in the new host, and evolve to better evade host innate barriers. Unlike many other viruses, poxviruses express an extensive repertoire of self-defense proteins that play a vital role in the evasion of host innate and adaptive immune responses in their newest host species. The function of these viral immune modulators and host-specific cytokine responses can result in different host tropism and poxvirus disease progression. Here, we review the role of different cytokines that control poxvirus host tropism and adaptation.
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12
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Lum FM, Torres-Ruesta A, Tay MZ, Lin RTP, Lye DC, Rénia L, Ng LFP. Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:597-613. [PMID: 36064780 PMCID: PMC9443635 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), which causes disease in humans, has for many years been restricted to the African continent, with only a handful of sporadic cases in other parts of the world. However, unprecedented outbreaks of monkeypox in non-endemic regions have recently taken the world by surprise. In less than 4 months, the number of detected MPXV infections has soared to more than 48,000 cases, recording a total of 13 deaths. In this Review, we discuss the clinical, epidemiological and immunological features of MPXV infections. We also highlight important research questions and new opportunities to tackle the ongoing monkeypox outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fok-Moon Lum
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Torres-Ruesta
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Z Tay
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond T P Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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13
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Hosseini E, Sarraf Kazerooni E, Azarkeivan A, Sharifi Z, Shahabi M, Ghasemzadeh M. HLA-E*01:01 allele is associated with better response to anti-HCV therapy while homozygous status for HLA-E*01:03 allele increases the resistance to anti-HCV treatments in frequently transfused thalassemia patients. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:556-563. [PMID: 35570067 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-E binding to NKG2A/CD94 induces inhibitory signals that modulate NK cells cytotoxicity against infected targets. HCV-derived peptides stabilize HLA-E molecule that favours its higher expression. However, HLA-E stability and expression vary in different genotypes where the presence of HLA-E*01:03 allele is associated with higher HLA-E expression on targets that enhances NK cells inhibition and increases the chance of virus to escape from innate immune system. Here, we aimed to investigate whether HLA-E polymorphism affects HCV infection status or its treatment in major thalassemia patients who are more vulnerable to hepatitis C. METHODS AND MATERIALS Study included 89 cases of major thalassemia positive for HCV-antibody; of those 17 patients were negative for HCV-PCR (spontaneously cleared) and 72 patients were HCV-PCR positive (persistent hepatitis under different anti-viral treatment). 16 major thalassemia patients without hepatitis, negative for HCV-antibody were also considered as patients control group. Genomic DNAs extracted from whole bloods were genotyped for HLA-E locus using a sequence specific primer-PCR strategy. RESULTS In thalassemia patients, HLA-E*01:03 allele increased susceptibility to HCV infection [p = 0.02; 4.74(1.418-15.85)]. In addition, HLA-E*01:03/*01:03 genotype predicted more resistance to HCV treatment compared to other genotypes [p = 0.037; 3.5(1.1-11.4)]. In other words, we found that the presence of HLA-E*01:01 allele favors better response to anti-HCV therapy [p = 0.037; 3.5(1.1-11.4)]. CONCLUSION From a mechanistic point of view, the associations between HLA-E polymorphisms and susceptibility to HCV infection or its therapeutic resistance in thalassemia patients may suggest potential roles for the innate and adaptive immune responses to this infection, which are manifested by the acts of HLA-E - NKG2A/CD94 axis in the modulation of NK cell inhibitory function as well as HLA-E associated CD8+ T cell cytolytic activity against HCV, respectively. Notably, from a clinical point of view, paying attention to these associations may not only be useful in increasing the effectiveness of current anti-HCV regimens comprising direct acting antivirals (DAAs) in more complicated patients, but may also suggest antiviral prophylaxis for patients more vulnerable to HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sarraf Kazerooni
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Azarkeivan
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Thalassemia Clinic, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Shahabi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Bouayad A. Features of HLA class I expression and its clinical relevance in SARS-CoV-2: What do we know so far? Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2236. [PMID: 33793006 PMCID: PMC8250062 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modifications in HLA-I expression are found in many viral diseases. They represent one of the immune evasion strategies most widely used by viruses to block antigen presentation and NK cell response, and SARS-CoV-2 is no exception. These alterations result from a combination of virus-specific factors, genetically encoded mechanisms, and the status of host defences and range from loss or upregulation of HLA-I molecules to selective increases of HLA-I alleles. In this review, I will first analyse characteristic features of altered HLA-I expression found in SARS-CoV-2. I will then discuss the potential factors underlying these defects, focussing on HLA-E and class-I-related (like) molecules and their receptors, the most documented HLA-I alterations. I will also draw attention to potential differences between cells transfected to express viral proteins and those presented as part of authentic infection. Consideration of these factors and others affecting HLA-I expression may provide us with improved possibilities for research into cellular immunity against viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bouayad
- Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed First UniversityOujdaMorocco
- Laboratory of ImmunologyMohammed VI HospitalOujdaMorocco
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15
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Beckmann ND, Comella PH, Cheng E, Lepow L, Beckmann AG, Tyler SR, Mouskas K, Simons NW, Hoffman GE, Francoeur NJ, Del Valle DM, Kang G, Do A, Moya E, Wilkins L, Le Berichel J, Chang C, Marvin R, Calorossi S, Lansky A, Walker L, Yi N, Yu A, Chung J, Hartnett M, Eaton M, Hatem S, Jamal H, Akyatan A, Tabachnikova A, Liharska LE, Cotter L, Fennessy B, Vaid A, Barturen G, Shah H, Wang YC, Sridhar SH, Soto J, Bose S, Madrid K, Ellis E, Merzier E, Vlachos K, Fishman N, Tin M, Smith M, Xie H, Patel M, Nie K, Argueta K, Harris J, Karekar N, Batchelor C, Lacunza J, Yishak M, Tuballes K, Scott I, Kumar A, Jaladanki S, Agashe C, Thompson R, Clark E, Losic B, Peters L, Roussos P, Zhu J, Wang W, Kasarskis A, Glicksberg BS, Nadkarni G, Bogunovic D, Elaiho C, Gangadharan S, Ofori-Amanfo G, Alesso-Carra K, Onel K, Wilson KM, Argmann C, Bunyavanich S, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Marron TU, Rahman A, Kim-Schulze S, Gnjatic S, Gelb BD, Merad M, Sebra R, Schadt EE, Charney AW. Downregulation of exhausted cytotoxic T cells in gene expression networks of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4854. [PMID: 34381049 PMCID: PMC8357784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presents with fever, inflammation and pathology of multiple organs in individuals under 21 years of age in the weeks following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although an autoimmune pathogenesis has been proposed, the genes, pathways and cell types causal to this new disease remain unknown. Here we perform RNA sequencing of blood from patients with MIS-C and controls to find disease-associated genes clustered in a co-expression module annotated to CD56dimCD57+ natural killer (NK) cells and exhausted CD8+ T cells. A similar transcriptome signature is replicated in an independent cohort of Kawasaki disease (KD), the related condition after which MIS-C was initially named. Probing a probabilistic causal network previously constructed from over 1,000 blood transcriptomes both validates the structure of this module and reveals nine key regulators, including TBX21, a central coordinator of exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation. Together, this unbiased, transcriptome-wide survey implicates downregulation of NK cells and cytotoxic T cell exhaustion in the pathogenesis of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam D Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Phillip H Comella
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Lepow
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aviva G Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott R Tyler
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konstantinos Mouskas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole W Simons
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy J Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gurpawan Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anh Do
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Moya
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lillian Wilkins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Le Berichel
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christie Chang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Marvin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharlene Calorossi
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alona Lansky
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Walker
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Yi
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Melody Eaton
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Hatem
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hajra Jamal
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alara Akyatan
- Department of of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Tabachnikova
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lora E Liharska
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liam Cotter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Fennessy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akhil Vaid
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Hardik Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying-Chih Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shwetha Hara Sridhar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swaroop Bose
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kent Madrid
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan Ellis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elyze Merzier
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konstantinos Vlachos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataly Fishman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manying Tin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Smith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Xie
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Nie
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly Argueta
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jocelyn Harris
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neha Karekar
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig Batchelor
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Lacunza
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahlet Yishak
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Tuballes
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ieisha Scott
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suraj Jaladanki
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charuta Agashe
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Clark
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Peters
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panagiotis Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin S Glicksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- Mount Sinai COVID Informatics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cordelia Elaiho
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandeep Gangadharan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Ofori-Amanfo
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kasey Alesso-Carra
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenan Onel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen M Wilson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas U Marron
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA.
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA.
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Mount Sinai COVID Informatics Center, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Melo-Silva CR, Alves-Peixoto P, Heath N, Tang L, Montoya B, Knudson CJ, Stotesbury C, Ferez M, Wong E, Sigal LJ. Resistance to lethal ectromelia virus infection requires Type I interferon receptor in natural killer cells and monocytes but not in adaptive immune or parenchymal cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009593. [PMID: 34015056 PMCID: PMC8172060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are antiviral cytokines that signal through the ubiquitous IFN-I receptor (IFNAR). Following footpad infection with ectromelia virus (ECTV), a mouse-specific pathogen, C57BL/6 (B6) mice survive without disease, while B6 mice broadly deficient in IFNAR succumb rapidly. We now show that for survival to ECTV, only hematopoietic cells require IFNAR expression. Survival to ECTV specifically requires IFNAR in both natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes. However, intrinsic IFNAR signaling is not essential for adaptive immune cell responses or to directly protect non-hematopoietic cells such as hepatocytes, which are principal ECTV targets. Mechanistically, IFNAR-deficient NK cells have reduced cytolytic function, while lack of IFNAR in monocytes dampens IFN-I production and hastens virus dissemination. Thus, during a pathogenic viral infection, IFN-I coordinates innate immunity by stimulating monocytes in a positive feedback loop and by inducing NK cell cytolytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R. Melo-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Pedro Alves-Peixoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Natasha Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lingjuan Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cory J. Knudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Colby Stotesbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maria Ferez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Luis J. Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Knudson CJ, Alves-Peixoto P, Muramatsu H, Stotesbury C, Tang L, Lin PJC, Tam YK, Weissman D, Pardi N, Sigal LJ. Lipid-nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccines induce protective memory CD8 T cells against a lethal viral infection. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2769-2781. [PMID: 33992803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that memory CD8 T cells protect susceptible strains of mice from mousepox, a lethal viral disease caused by ectromelia virus (ECTV), the murine counterpart to human variola virus. While mRNA vaccines induce protective antibody (Ab) responses, it is unknown whether they also induce protective memory CD8 T cells. We now show that immunization with different doses of unmodified or N(1)-methylpseudouridine-modified mRNA (modified mRNA) in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) encoding the ECTV gene EVM158 induced similarly strong CD8 T cell responses to the epitope TSYKFESV, albeit unmodified mRNA-LNP had adverse effects at the inoculation site. A single immunization with 10 μg modified mRNA-LNP protected most susceptible mice from mousepox, and booster vaccination increased the memory CD8 T cell pool, providing full protection. Moreover, modified mRNA-LNP encoding TSYKFESV appended to green fluorescent protein (GFP) protected against wild-type ECTV infection while lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (GP) modified mRNA-LNP protected against ECTV expressing GP epitopes. Thus, modified mRNA-LNP can be used to create protective CD8 T cell-based vaccines against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Knudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Pedro Alves-Peixoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Colby Stotesbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Lingjuan Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bluemle Life Science Building, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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18
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Ferez M, Knudson CJ, Lev A, Wong EB, Alves-Peixoto P, Tang L, Stotesbury C, Sigal LJ. Viral infection modulates Qa-1b in infected and bystander cells to properly direct NK cell killing. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201782. [PMID: 33765134 PMCID: PMC8006856 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell activation depends on the signaling balance of activating and inhibitory receptors. CD94 forms inhibitory receptors with NKG2A and activating receptors with NKG2E or NKG2C. We previously demonstrated that CD94-NKG2 on NK cells and its ligand Qa-1b are important for the resistance of C57BL/6 mice to lethal ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection. We now show that NKG2C or NKG2E deficiency does not increase susceptibility to lethal ECTV infection, but overexpression of Qa-1b in infected cells does. We also demonstrate that Qa-1b is down-regulated in infected and up-regulated in bystander inflammatory monocytes and B cells. Moreover, NK cells activated by ECTV infection kill Qa-1b-deficient cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, during viral infection, recognition of Qa-1b by activating CD94/NKG2 receptors is not critical. Instead, the levels of Qa-1b expression are down-regulated in infected cells but increased in some bystander immune cells to respectively promote or inhibit their killing by activated NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ferez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cory J. Knudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Avital Lev
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric B. Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pedro Alves-Peixoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics-Portugal Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lingjuan Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Colby Stotesbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luis J. Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Efforts toward rational design of Th2-bias immune stimulator through modification on D-Gal-C-4 of α-GalCer derivative. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Cheng X, DeGiorgio M. Flexible Mixture Model Approaches That Accommodate Footprint Size Variability for Robust Detection of Balancing Selection. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:3267-3291. [PMID: 32462188 PMCID: PMC7820363 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term balancing selection typically leaves narrow footprints of increased genetic diversity, and therefore most detection approaches only achieve optimal performances when sufficiently small genomic regions (i.e., windows) are examined. Such methods are sensitive to window sizes and suffer substantial losses in power when windows are large. Here, we employ mixture models to construct a set of five composite likelihood ratio test statistics, which we collectively term B statistics. These statistics are agnostic to window sizes and can operate on diverse forms of input data. Through simulations, we show that they exhibit comparable power to the best-performing current methods, and retain substantially high power regardless of window sizes. They also display considerable robustness to high mutation rates and uneven recombination landscapes, as well as an array of other common confounding scenarios. Moreover, we applied a specific version of the B statistics, termed B2, to a human population-genomic data set and recovered many top candidates from prior studies, including the then-uncharacterized STPG2 and CCDC169-SOHLH2, both of which are related to gamete functions. We further applied B2 on a bonobo population-genomic data set. In addition to the MHC-DQ genes, we uncovered several novel candidate genes, such as KLRD1, involved in viral defense, and SCN9A, associated with pain perception. Finally, we show that our methods can be extended to account for multiallelic balancing selection and integrated the set of statistics into open-source software named BalLeRMix for future applications by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoheng Cheng
- Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Michael DeGiorgio
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
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21
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Wong E, Montoya B, Stotesbury C, Ferez M, Xu RH, Sigal LJ. Langerhans Cells Orchestrate the Protective Antiviral Innate Immune Response in the Lymph Node. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3047-3059.e3. [PMID: 31801072 PMCID: PMC6927544 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During disseminating viral infections, a swift innate immune response (IIR) in the draining lymph node (dLN) that restricts systemic viral spread is critical for optimal resistance to disease. However, it is unclear how this IIR is orchestrated. We show that after footpad infection of mice with ectromelia virus, dendritic cells (DCs) highly expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class IIhi DCs), including CD207+ epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), CD103+CD207+ double-positive dermal DCs (DP-DCs), and CD103−CD207− double-negative dermal DCs (DN-DCs) migrate to the dLN from the skin carrying virus. MHC class IIhi DCs, predominantly LCs and DP-DCs, are the first cells upregulating IIR cytokines in the dLN. Preventing MHC class IIhi DC migration or depletion of LCs, but not DP-DC deficiency, suppresses the IIR in the dLN and results in high viral lethality. Therefore, LCs are the architects of an early IIR in the dLN that is critical for optimal resistance to a disseminating viral infection. Wong et al. show that by producing chemokines that recruit monocytes and by upregulating NKG2D ligands that activate ILCs, Langerhans cells are responsible for the innate immune cascade in the lymph node that is critical for survival of infection with a disseminating virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Brian Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Colby Stotesbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Maria Ferez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ren-Huan Xu
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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22
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Beckmann ND, Comella PH, Cheng E, Lepow L, Beckmann AG, Mouskas K, Simons NW, Hoffman GE, Francoeur NJ, Del Valle DM, Kang G, Moya E, Wilkins L, Le Berichel J, Chang C, Marvin R, Calorossi S, Lansky A, Walker L, Yi N, Yu A, Hartnett M, Eaton M, Hatem S, Jamal H, Akyatan A, Tabachnikova A, Liharska LE, Cotter L, Fennessey B, Vaid A, Barturen G, Tyler SR, Shah H, Wang YC, Sridhar SH, Soto J, Bose S, Madrid K, Ellis E, Merzier E, Vlachos K, Fishman N, Tin M, Smith M, Xie H, Patel M, Argueta K, Harris J, Karekar N, Batchelor C, Lacunza J, Yishak M, Tuballes K, Scott L, Kumar A, Jaladanki S, Thompson R, Clark E, Losic B, Zhu J, Wang W, Kasarskis A, Glicksberg BS, Nadkarni G, Bogunovic D, Elaiho C, Gangadharan S, Ofori-Amanfo G, Alesso-Carra K, Onel K, Wilson KM, Argmann C, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Marron TU, Rahman A, Kim-Schulze S, Gnjatic S, Gelb BD, Merad M, Sebra R, Schadt EE, Charney AW. Cytotoxic lymphocytes are dysregulated in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.08.29.20182899. [PMID: 32909006 PMCID: PMC7480058 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.29.20182899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presents with fever, inflammation and multiple organ involvement in individuals under 21 years following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To identify genes, pathways and cell types driving MIS-C, we sequenced the blood transcriptomes of MIS-C cases, pediatric cases of coronavirus disease 2019, and healthy controls. We define a MIS-C transcriptional signature partially shared with the transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and with the signature of Kawasaki disease, a clinically similar condition. By projecting the MIS-C signature onto a co-expression network, we identified disease gene modules and found genes downregulated in MIS-C clustered in a module enriched for the transcriptional signatures of exhausted CD8 + T-cells and CD56 dim CD57 + NK cells. Bayesian network analyses revealed nine key regulators of this module, including TBX21 , a central coordinator of exhausted CD8 + T-cell differentiation. Together, these findings suggest dysregulated cytotoxic lymphocyte response to SARS-Cov-2 infection in MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam D. Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Phillip H. Comella
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lauren Lepow
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Aviva G. Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Konstantinos Mouskas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nicole W. Simons
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gabriel E. Hoffman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nancy J. Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Diane Marie Del Valle
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gurpawan Kang
- Department of Medicine, division of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily Moya
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lillian Wilkins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jessica Le Berichel
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Christie Chang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert Marvin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sharlene Calorossi
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alona Lansky
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Laura Walker
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nancy Yi
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Matthew Hartnett
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Melody Eaton
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sandra Hatem
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hajra Jamal
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alara Akyatan
- Department of of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alexandra Tabachnikova
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lora E. Liharska
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Liam Cotter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian Fennessey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Akhil Vaid
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- Department of Medical Genomics, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), 18007 Urb. los Vergeles, Granada, Spain
| | - Scott R. Tyler
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ying-chih Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shwetha Hara Sridhar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Swaroop Bose
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kent Madrid
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ethan Ellis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Elyze Merzier
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Konstantinos Vlachos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Nataly Fishman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Manying Tin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Melissa Smith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Hui Xie
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kimberly Argueta
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jocelyn Harris
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Neha Karekar
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Craig Batchelor
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jose Lacunza
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mahlet Yishak
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kevin Tuballes
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Leisha Scott
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Suraj Jaladanki
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ryan Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
| | - Evan Clark
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Glicksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- Mount Sinai COVID Informatics Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cordelia Elaiho
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sandeep Gangadharan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - George Ofori-Amanfo
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kasey Alesso-Carra
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kenan Onel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karen M. Wilson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Thomas U. Marron
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford CT, 06902, USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford CT, 06902, USA
| | - Alexander W. Charney
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomics Technology, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai COVID Informatics Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
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23
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Ivanova DL, Krempels R, Denton SL, Fettel KD, Saltz GM, Rach D, Fatima R, Mundhenke T, Materi J, Dunay IR, Gigley JP. NK Cells Negatively Regulate CD8 T Cells to Promote Immune Exhaustion and Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:313. [PMID: 32733814 PMCID: PMC7360721 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells regulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in acute viral infection, vaccination, and the tumor microenvironment. NK cells also become exhausted in chronic activation settings. The mechanisms causing these ILC responses and their impact on adaptive immunity are unclear. CD8+ T cell exhaustion develops during chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection resulting in parasite reactivation and death. How chronic T. gondii infection impacts the NK cell compartment is not known. We demonstrate that NK cells do not exhibit hallmarks of exhaustion. Their numbers are stable and they do not express high PD1 or LAG3. NK cell depletion with anti-NK1.1 is therapeutic and rescues chronic T. gondii infected mice from CD8+ T cell exhaustion dependent death, increases survival after lethal secondary challenge and alters cyst burdens in brain. Anti-NK1.1 treatment increased polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses in spleen and brain and reduced CD8+ T cell apoptosis in spleen. Chronic T. gondii infection promotes the development of a modified NK cell compartment, which does not exhibit normal NK cell characteristics. NK cells are Ly49 and TRAIL negative and are enriched for expression of CD94/NKG2A and KLRG1. These NK cells are found in both spleen and brain. They do not produce IFNγ, are IL-10 negative, do not increase PDL1 expression, but do increase CD107a on their surface. Based on the NK cell receptor phenotype we observed NKp46 and CD94-NKG2A cognate ligands were measured. Activating NKp46 (NCR1-ligand) ligand increased and NKG2A ligand Qa-1b expression was reduced on CD8+ T cells. Blockade of NKp46 rescued the chronically infected mice from death and reduced the number of NKG2A+ cells. Immunization with a single dose non-persistent 100% protective T. gondii vaccination did not induce this cell population in the spleen, suggesting persistent infection is essential for their development. We hypothesize chronic T. gondii infection induces an NKp46 dependent modified NK cell population that reduces functional CD8+ T cells to promote persistent parasite infection in the brain. NK cell targeted therapies could enhance immunity in people with chronic infections, chronic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L Ivanova
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ryan Krempels
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Stephen L Denton
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Kevin D Fettel
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Giandor M Saltz
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - David Rach
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Rida Fatima
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Tiffany Mundhenke
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joshua Materi
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Ildiko R Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jason P Gigley
- Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
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24
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Abstract
Genetic alleles that contribute to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to viral infections and virally induced diseases have often been first identified in mice before humans due to the significant advantages of the murine system for genetic studies. Herein we review multiple discoveries that have revealed significant insights into virus-host interactions, all made using genetic mapping tools in mice. Factors that have been identified include innate and adaptive immunity genes that contribute to host defense against pathogenic viruses such as herpes viruses, flaviviruses, retroviruses, and coronaviruses. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that affect infectious disease outcomes will aid the development of personalized treatment and preventive strategies for pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kane
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA
| | - Tatyana V Golovkina
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;
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25
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Stotesbury C, Alves-Peixoto P, Montoya B, Ferez M, Nair S, Snyder CM, Zhang S, Knudson CJ, Sigal LJ. α2β1 Integrin Is Required for Optimal NK Cell Proliferation during Viral Infection but Not for Acquisition of Effector Functions or NK Cell-Mediated Virus Control. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:1582-1591. [PMID: 32015010 PMCID: PMC7065959 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
NK cells play an important role in antiviral resistance. The integrin α2, which dimerizes with integrin β1, distinguishes NK cells from innate lymphoid cells 1 and other leukocytes. Despite its use as an NK cell marker, little is known about the role of α2β1 in NK cell biology. In this study, we show that in mice α2β1 deficiency does not alter the balance of NK cell/ innate lymphoid cell 1 generation and slightly decreases the number of NK cells in the bone marrow and spleen without affecting NK cell maturation. NK cells deficient in α2β1 had no impairment at entering or distributing within the draining lymph node of ectromelia virus (ECTV)-infected mice or at becoming effectors but proliferated poorly in response to ECTV and did not increase in numbers following infection with mouse CMV (MCMV). Still, α2β1-deficient NK cells efficiently protected from lethal mousepox and controlled MCMV titers in the spleen. Thus, α2β1 is required for optimal NK cell proliferation but is dispensable for protection against ECTV and MCMV, two well-established models of viral infection in which NK cells are known to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby Stotesbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Pedro Alves-Peixoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Brian Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Maria Ferez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Savita Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Shunchuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Cory J Knudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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26
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Wang Y, Lifshitz L, Gellatly K, Vinton CL, Busman-Sahay K, McCauley S, Vangala P, Kim K, Derr A, Jaiswal S, Kucukural A, McDonel P, Hunt PW, Greenough T, Houghton J, Somsouk M, Estes JD, Brenchley JM, Garber M, Deeks SG, Luban J. HIV-1-induced cytokines deplete homeostatic innate lymphoid cells and expand TCF7-dependent memory NK cells. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:274-286. [PMID: 32066947 PMCID: PMC7044076 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with heightened inflammation and excess risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and other complications. These pathologies persist despite antiretroviral therapy. In two independent cohorts, we found that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were depleted in the blood and gut of people with HIV-1, even with effective antiretroviral therapy. ILC depletion was associated with neutrophil infiltration of the gut lamina propria, type 1 interferon activation, increased microbial translocation and natural killer (NK) cell skewing towards an inflammatory state, with chromatin structure and phenotype typical of WNT transcription factor TCF7-dependent memory T cells. Cytokines that are elevated during acute HIV-1 infection reproduced the ILC and NK cell abnormalities ex vivo. These results show that inflammatory cytokines associated with HIV-1 infection irreversibly disrupt ILCs. This results in loss of gut epithelial integrity, microbial translocation and memory NK cells with heightened inflammatory potential, and explains the chronic inflammation in people with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetao Wang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence Lifshitz
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Gellatly
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Carol L Vinton
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Sean McCauley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Pranitha Vangala
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kyusik Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alan Derr
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Smita Jaiswal
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Patrick McDonel
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Greenough
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - JeanMarie Houghton
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Infection Causes Susceptibility to Mousepox and Impairs Natural Killer Cell Maturation and Function. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01831-19. [PMID: 31776282 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01831-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral infections. like those of humans with cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (even when under antiretroviral therapy), and hepatitis C virus or those of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 (CL13), result in immune dysfunction that predisposes the host to severe infections with unrelated pathogens. It is known that C57BL/6 (B6) mice are resistant to mousepox, a lethal disease caused by the orthopoxvirus ectromelia virus (ECTV), and that this resistance requires natural killer (NK) cells and other immune cells. We show that most B6 mice chronically infected with CL13 succumb to mousepox but that most of those that recovered from acute infection with the LCMV Armstrong (Arm) strain survive. We also show that B6 mice chronically infected with CL13 and those that recovered from Arm infection have a reduced frequency and a reduced number of NK cells. However, at steady state, NK cells in mice that have recovered from Arm infection mature normally and, in response to ECTV, get activated, become more mature, proliferate, and increase their cytotoxicity in vivo Conversely, in mice chronically infected with CL13, NK cells are immature and residually activated, and following ECTV infection, they do not mature, proliferate, or increase their cytotoxicity. Given the well-established importance of NK cells in resistance to mousepox, these data suggest that the NK cell dysfunction caused by CL13 persistence may contribute to the susceptibility of CL13-infected mice to mousepox. Whether chronic infections similarly affect NK cells in humans should be explored.IMPORTANCE Infection of adult mice with the clone 13 (CL13) strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is extensively used as a model of chronic infection. In this paper, we show that mice chronically infected with CL13 succumb to challenge with ectromelia virus (ECTV; the agent of mousepox) and that natural killer (NK) cells in CL13-infected mice are reduced in numbers and have an immature and partially activated phenotype but do respond to ECTV. These data may provide additional clues why humans chronically infected with certain pathogens are less resistant to viral diseases.
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Wong EB, Montoya B, Ferez M, Stotesbury C, Sigal LJ. Resistance to ectromelia virus infection requires cGAS in bone marrow-derived cells which can be bypassed with cGAMP therapy. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008239. [PMID: 31877196 PMCID: PMC6974301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells sensing infection produce Type I interferons (IFN-I) to stimulate Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) that confer resistance to viruses. During lympho-hematogenous spread of the mouse pathogen ectromelia virus (ECTV), the adaptor STING and the transcription factor IRF7 are required for IFN-I and ISG induction and resistance to ECTV. However, it is unknown which cells sense ECTV and which pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) upstream of STING is required for IFN-I and ISG induction. We found that cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), a DNA-sensing PRR, is required in bone marrow-derived (BMD) but not in other cells for IFN-I and ISG induction and for resistance to lethal mousepox. Also, local administration of cGAMP, the product of cGAS that activates STING, rescues cGAS but not IRF7 or IFN-I receptor deficient mice from mousepox. Thus, sensing of infection by BMD cells via cGAS and IRF7 is critical for resistance to a lethal viral disease in a natural host. During primary acute systemic viral infections, cells sensing virus through Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRR) can produce Type I interferons (IFN-I) to induce an anti-viral state that curbs viral spread and protect from viral disease. The dissection of the specific cells, receptors and downstream pathways required for IFN-I production during viral infection in vivo is necessary to improve anti-viral therapies. In this study, we demonstrated that the cytosolic PRR cGAS in hematopoietic cells but not in parenchymal cells is required for protection against ectromelia virus, the archetype for viruses that spread through the lympho-hematogenous route. We also show that cGAS deficiency can be bypassed by local administration of cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) by inducing IFN-I only in the skin and in the presence of virus. Our study provides novel insights into the cGAS signaling pathway and highlights the potential of cGAMP as an efficient anti-viral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Wong
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian Montoya
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maria Ferez
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Colby Stotesbury
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Luis J. Sigal
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Wong E, Xu RH, Rubio D, Lev A, Stotesbury C, Fang M, Sigal LJ. Migratory Dendritic Cells, Group 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells, and Inflammatory Monocytes Collaborate to Recruit NK Cells to the Virus-Infected Lymph Node. Cell Rep 2019; 24:142-154. [PMID: 29972776 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating natural killer (NK) cells help protect the host from lympho-hematogenous acute viral diseases by rapidly entering draining lymph nodes (dLNs) to curb virus dissemination. Here, we identify a highly choreographed mechanism underlying this process. Using footpad infection with ectromelia virus, a pathogenic DNA virus of mice, we show that TLR9/MyD88 sensing induces NKG2D ligands in virus-infected, skin-derived migratory dendritic cells (mDCs) to induce production of IFN-γ by classical NK cells and other types of group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) already in dLNs, via NKG2D. Uninfected inflammatory monocytes, also recruited to dLNs by mDCs in a TLR9/MyD88-dependent manner, respond to IFN-γ by secreting CXCL9 for optimal CXCR3-dependent recruitment of circulating NK cells. This work unveils a TLR9/MyD88-dependent mechanism whereby in dLNs, three cell types-mDCs, group 1 ILCs (mostly NK cells), and inflammatory monocytes-coordinate the recruitment of protective circulating NK cells to dLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709, 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ren-Huan Xu
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Daniel Rubio
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Avital Lev
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Colby Stotesbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709, 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 709, 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Modulates CD94 + (KLRD1 +) NK Cells in Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00731-19. [PMID: 31167916 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00731-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we and others have shown that natural killer (NK) cells exhibit memory-like recall responses against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency/virus simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) infections. Although the mechanism(s) have not been fully delineated, several groups have shown that the activating receptor NKG2C is elevated on NK cells in the context of rhesus CMV (rhCMV) or human CMV (hCMV) infections. CD94, which heterodimerizes with NKG2C is also linked to adaptive NK cell responses. Because nonhuman primates (NHP) play a crucial role in modeling HIV (SIV) infections, it is crucial to be able to assess and characterize the NKG2 family in NHP. Unfortunately, it is not possible to detect CD94 using commercially available antibodies in NHP. Our work, a first for NHP, has focused on developing RNA flow cytometry using mRNA transcripts as proxies distinguishing NKG2C from NKG2A. We have expanded the application of this technology and here we show the first characterization of CD94+ (KLRD1+) NK cells in NHP using multiparametric RNA flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from naive and matched acutely (n = 4) or chronically (n = 12) SIV-infected rhesus macaques were analyzed by flow cytometry using commercially available antibodies, determining expression of transcripts for NKG2A, NKG2C, and CD94 (KLRC1, KLRC2, and KLRD1, respectively) on NK cells using RNA flow cytometry. Our data show that KLRC1+/- KLRC2+ KLRD1+ NK cells decrease following chronic, but not acute, infection with SIV. This approach will allow us to investigate the kinetics of infection and NK memory formation and will further improve our understanding of basic NK cell biology, especially in the context of SIV infection.IMPORTANCE Nonhuman primates play a crucial role in approximating human biology and many diseases that are difficult, if not impossible, to achieve in other animal models, notably HIV. Current advances in adaptive NK cell research positions us to address fundamental deficiencies in our fight against infection and disease at the earliest moments after infection or substantially earlier in disease progression. We show here that we can identify specific NK cell subpopulations that are modulated following chronic, but not acute, SIV infection. The ability to identify these subsets more precisely will inform therapeutic and vaccine strategies targeting an optimized NK cell response.
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32
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Evidence of functional Cd94 polymorphism in a free-living house mouse population. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:321-333. [PMID: 30535636 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-01100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD94 receptor, expressed on natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells, is known as a relatively non-polymorphic receptor with orthologues in humans, other primates, cattle, and rodents. In the house mouse (Mus musculus), a single allele is highly conserved among laboratory strains, and reports of allelic variation in lab- or wild-living mice are lacking, except for deficiency in one lab strain (DBA/2J). The non-classical MHC-I molecule Qa-1b is the ligand for mouse CD94/NKG2A, presenting alternative non-americ fragment of leader peptides (Qa-1 determinant modifier (Qdm)) from classical MHC-I molecules. Here, we report a novel allele identified in free-living house mice captured in Norway, living among individuals carrying the canonical Cd94 allele. The novel Cd94LocA allele encodes 12 amino acid substitutions in the extracellular lectin-like domain. Flow cytometric analysis of primary NK cells and transfected cells indicates that the substitutions prevent binding of CD94 mAb and Qa-1b/Qdm tetramers. Our data further indicate correlation of Cd94 polymorphism with the two major subspecies of house mice in Europe. Together, these findings suggest that the Cd94LocA/NKG2A heterodimeric receptor is widely expressed among M. musculus subspecies musculus, with ligand-binding properties different from mice of subspecies domesticus, such as the C57BL/6 strain.
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33
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Lymphocytes Negatively Regulate NK Cell Activity via Qa-1b following Viral Infection. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2528-2540. [PMID: 29186689 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells can reduce anti-viral T cell immunity during chronic viral infections, including infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). However, regulating factors that maintain the equilibrium between productive T cell and NK cell immunity are poorly understood. Here, we show that a large viral load resulted in inhibition of NK cell activation, which correlated with increased expression of Qa-1b, a ligand for inhibitory NK cell receptors. Qa-1b was predominantly upregulated on B cells following LCMV infection, and this upregulation was dependent on type I interferons. Absence of Qa-1b resulted in increased NK cell-mediated regulation of anti-viral T cells following viral infection. Consequently, anti-viral T cell immunity was reduced in Qa-1b- and NKG2A-deficient mice, resulting in increased viral replication and immunopathology. NK cell depletion restored anti-viral immunity and virus control in the absence of Qa-1b. Taken together, our findings indicate that lymphocytes limit NK cell activity during viral infection in order to promote anti-viral T cell immunity.
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Bongen E, Vallania F, Utz PJ, Khatri P. KLRD1-expressing natural killer cells predict influenza susceptibility. Genome Med 2018; 10:45. [PMID: 29898768 PMCID: PMC6001128 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza infects tens of millions of people every year in the USA. Other than notable risk groups, such as children and the elderly, it is difficult to predict what subpopulations are at higher risk of infection. Viral challenge studies, where healthy human volunteers are inoculated with live influenza virus, provide a unique opportunity to study infection susceptibility. Biomarkers predicting influenza susceptibility would be useful for identifying risk groups and designing vaccines. METHODS We applied cell mixture deconvolution to estimate immune cell proportions from whole blood transcriptome data in four independent influenza challenge studies. We compared immune cell proportions in the blood between symptomatic shedders and asymptomatic nonshedders across three discovery cohorts prior to influenza inoculation and tested results in a held-out validation challenge cohort. RESULTS Natural killer (NK) cells were significantly lower in symptomatic shedders at baseline in both discovery and validation cohorts. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were higher in symptomatic shedders at baseline in discovery cohorts. Although the HSPCs were higher in symptomatic shedders in the validation cohort, the increase was statistically nonsignificant. We observed that a gene associated with NK cells, KLRD1, which encodes CD94, was expressed at lower levels in symptomatic shedders at baseline in discovery and validation cohorts. KLRD1 expression in the blood at baseline negatively correlated with influenza infection symptom severity. KLRD1 expression 8 h post-infection in the nasal epithelium from a rhinovirus challenge study also negatively correlated with symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS We identified KLRD1-expressing NK cells as a potential biomarker for influenza susceptibility. Expression of KLRD1 was inversely correlated with symptom severity. Our results support a model where an early response by KLRD1-expressing NK cells may control influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bongen
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305 CA USA
| | - Francesco Vallania
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305 CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305 CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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35
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Remakus S, Ma X, Tang L, Xu RH, Knudson C, Melo-Silva CR, Rubio D, Kuo YM, Andrews A, Sigal LJ. Cutting Edge: Protection by Antiviral Memory CD8 T Cells Requires Rapidly Produced Antigen in Large Amounts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3347-3352. [PMID: 29643193 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous attempts to produce antiviral vaccines by harnessing memory CD8 T cells have failed. A barrier to progress is that we do not know what makes an Ag a viable target of protective CD8 T cell memory. We found that in mice susceptible to lethal mousepox (the mouse homolog of human smallpox), a dendritic cell vaccine that induced memory CD8 T cells fully protected mice when the infecting virus produced Ag in large quantities and with rapid kinetics. Protection did not occur when the Ag was produced in low amounts, even with rapid kinetics, and protection was only partial when the Ag was produced in large quantities but with slow kinetics. Hence, the amount and timing of Ag expression appear to be key determinants of memory CD8 T cell antiviral protective immunity. These findings may have important implications for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Remakus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and.,Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Xueying Ma
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Lingjuan Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Ren-Huan Xu
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Cory Knudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Carolina R Melo-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Daniel Rubio
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Andrew Andrews
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Luis J Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
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Cheng WY, Jia HJ, He XB, Chen GH, Feng Y, Wang CY, Wang XX, Jing ZZ. Comparison of Host Gene Expression Profiles in Spleen Tissues of Genetically Susceptible and Resistant Mice during ECTV Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6456180. [PMID: 29430463 PMCID: PMC5752998 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6456180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ectromelia virus (ECTV), the causative agent of mousepox, has emerged as a valuable model for investigating the host-Orthopoxvirus relationship as it relates to pathogenesis and the immune response. ECTV is a mouse-specific virus and causes high mortality in susceptible mice strains, including BALB/c and C3H, whereas C57BL/6 and 129 strains are resistant to the disease. To understand the host genetic factors in different mouse strains during the ECTV infection, we carried out a microarray analysis of spleen tissues derived from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, respectively, at 3 and 10 days after ECTV infection. Differential Expression of Genes (DEGs) analyses revealed distinct differences in the gene profiles of susceptible and resistant mice. The susceptible BALB/c mice generated more DEGs than the resistant C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis showed the DEGs of susceptible mice were involved in innate immunity, apoptosis, metabolism, and cancer-related pathways, while the DEGs of resistant mice were largely involved in MAPK signaling and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Furthermore, the BALB/c mice showed a strong induction of interferon-induced genes, which, however, were weaker in the C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, the differential transcriptome profiles of susceptible and resistant mouse strains with ECTV infection will be crucial for further uncovering the molecular mechanisms of the host-Orthopoxvirus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Huai-Jie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Xiao-Bing He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Guo-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
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Acetylcholine-producing NK cells attenuate CNS inflammation via modulation of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6202-E6211. [PMID: 28696300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705491114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonneural cholinergic system of immune cells is pivotal for the maintenance of immunological homeostasis. Here we demonstrate the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and cholinergic enzymes in murine natural killer (NK) cells. The capacity for acetylcholine synthesis by NK cells increased markedly under inflammatory conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in which ChAT expression escalated along with the maturation of NK cells. ChAT+ and ChAT- NK cells displayed distinctive features in terms of cytotoxicity and chemokine/cytokine production. Transfer of ChAT+ NK cells into the cerebral ventricles of CX3CR1-/- mice reduced brain and spinal cord damage after EAE induction, and decreased the numbers of CNS-infiltrating CCR2+Ly6Chi monocytes. ChAT+ NK cells killed CCR2+Ly6Chi monocytes directly via the disruption of tolerance and inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, ChAT+ NK cells and CCR2+Ly6Chi monocytes formed immune synapses; moreover, the impact of ChAT+ NK cells was mediated by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Finally, the NK cell cholinergic system up-regulated in response to autoimmune activation in multiple sclerosis, perhaps reflecting the severity of disease. Therefore, this study extends our understanding of the nonneural cholinergic system and the protective immune effect of acetylcholine-producing NK cells in autoimmune diseases.
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38
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Gaynor LM, Colucci F. Uterine Natural Killer Cells: Functional Distinctions and Influence on Pregnancy in Humans and Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:467. [PMID: 28484462 PMCID: PMC5402472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of development and function of natural killer (NK) cells has progressed significantly in recent years. However, exactly how uterine NK (uNK) cells develop and function is still unclear. To help investigators that are beginning to study tissue NK cells, we summarize in this review our current knowledge of the development and function of uNK cells, and what is yet to be elucidated. We compare and contrast the biology of human and mouse uNK cells in the broader context of the biology of innate lymphoid cells and with reference to peripheral NK cells. We also review how uNK cells may regulate trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral arterial remodeling in human and murine pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. Gaynor
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Yang T, Ahmari N, Schmidt JT, Redler T, Arocha R, Pacholec K, Magee KL, Malphurs W, Owen JL, Krane GA, Li E, Wang GP, Vickroy TW, Raizada MK, Martyniuk CJ, Zubcevic J. Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Composition Due to Depleted Bone Marrow Beta Adrenergic Signaling Are Associated with Suppressed Inflammatory Transcriptional Networks in the Mouse Colon. Front Physiol 2017; 8:220. [PMID: 28446880 PMCID: PMC5388758 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-gut axis plays a critical role in the regulation of different diseases, many of which are characterized by sympathetic dysregulation. However, a direct link between sympathetic dysregulation and gut dysbiosis remains to be illustrated. Bone marrow (BM)-derived immune cells continuously interact with the gut microbiota to maintain homeostasis in the host. Their function is largely dependent upon the sympathetic nervous system acting via adrenergic receptors present on the BM immune cells. In this study, we utilized a novel chimera mouse that lacks the expression of BM beta1/2 adrenergic receptors (b1/2-ARs) to investigate the role of the sympathetic drive to the BM in gut and microbiota homeostasis. Fecal analyses demonstrated a shift from a dominance of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phylum in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera, resulting in a reduction in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in Proteobacteria phylum was determined. No changes in the abundance of acetate-, butyrate-, and lactate-producing bacteria, and colon pathology were observed in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera. Transcriptomic profiling in colon identified Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D, Member 1 (Klrd1), Membrane-Spanning 4-Domains Subfamily A Member 4A (Ms4a4b), and Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Prime Polypeptide (Csnk2a2) as main transcripts associated with the microbiota shifts in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera. Suppression of leukocyte-related transcriptome networks (i.e., function, differentiation, migration), classical compliment pathway, and networks associated with intestinal function, barrier integrity, and excretion was also observed in the colon of the KO chimera. Moreover, reduced expression of transcriptional networks related to intestinal diseases (i.e., ileitis, enteritis, inflammatory lesions, and stress) was noted. The observed suppressed transcriptome networks were associated with a reduction in NK cells, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera colon. Thus, sympathetic regulation of BM-derived immune cells plays a significant role in modifying inflammatory networks in the colon and the gut microbiota composition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to suggest a key role of BM b1/2-ARs signaling in host-microbiota interactions, and reveals specific molecular mechanisms that may lead to generation of novel anti-inflammatory treatments for many immune and autonomic diseases as well as gut dysbiosis across the board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Niousha Ahmari
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jordan T Schmidt
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ty Redler
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebeca Arocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Pacholec
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kacy L Magee
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wendi Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory A Krane
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle ParkDurham, NC, USA
| | - Eric Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary P Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas W Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF)Gainesville, FL, USA
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Infection with diverse immune-modulating poxviruses elicits different compositional shifts in the mouse gut microbiome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173697. [PMID: 28282449 PMCID: PMC5345840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is often not possible to demonstrate causality within the context of gut microbiota dysbiosis-linked diseases. Thus, we need a better understanding of the mechanisms whereby an altered host immunophysiology shapes its resident microbiota. In this regard, immune-modulating poxvirus strains and mutants could differentially alter gut mucosal immunity in the context of a natural immune response, providing a controlled natural in vivo setting to deepen our understanding of the immune determinants of microbiome composition. This study represents a proof-of-concept that the use of an existing collection of different immune-modulating poxviruses may represent an innovative tool in gut microbiome research. To this end, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and RNAseq transcriptome profiling were employed as proxies for microbiota composition and gut immunophysiological status in the analysis of caecal samples from control mice and mice infected with various poxvirus types. Our results show that different poxvirus species and mutants elicit different shifts in the mice mucosa-associated microbiota and, in some instances, significant concomitant shifts in gut transcriptome profiles, thus providing an initial validation to the proposed model.
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The Development and Diversity of ILCs, NK Cells and Their Relevance in Health and Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:225-244. [PMID: 28921473 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Next to T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells are the third largest lymphocyte population. They are recently re-categorized as innate lymphocytes (ILCs), which also include ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, and the lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Both NK cells and ILC1 cells are designated as group 1 ILCs because they secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). However, in contrast to ILC1 and all other ILCs, NK cells possess potent cytolytic functions that resemble cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In addition, NK cells express, in a stochastic manner, an array of germ line-encoded activating and inhibitory receptors that recognize the polymorphic regions of major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules and self-proteins. Recognition of self renders NK cell tolerance to self-healthy tissues, but fail to recognize self ('missing-self') leads to activation to neoplastic transformation and infections of certain viruses. In this chapter, we will summarize the development of NK cells in the context of ILCs, describe the diversity of phenotype and function in blood and tissues, and discuss their involvement in health and diseases in humans.
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Cheray M, Bessette B, Lacroix A, Mélin C, Jawhari S, Pinet S, Deluche E, Clavère P, Durand K, Sanchez-Prieto R, Jauberteau MO, Battu S, Lalloué F. KLRC3, a Natural Killer receptor gene, is a key factor involved in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and aggressiveness. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:244-253. [PMID: 27641066 PMCID: PMC5264145 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal brain tumour with a poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSC) were proposed to be the most aggressive cells allowing brain tumour recurrence and aggressiveness. Current challenge is to determine CSC signature to characterize these cells and to develop new therapeutics. In a previous work, we achieved a screening of glycosylation-related genes to characterize specific genes involved in CSC maintenance. Three genes named CHI3L1, KLRC3 and PRUNE2 were found overexpressed in glioblastoma undifferentiated cells (related to CSC) compared to the differentiated ones. The comparison of their roles suggest that KLRC3 gene coding for NKG2E, a protein initially identified in NK cells, is more important than both two other genes in glioblastomas aggressiveness. Indeed, KLRC3 silencing decreased self-renewal capacity, invasion, proliferation, radioresistance and tumourigenicity of U87-MG glioblastoma cell line. For the first time we report that KLRC3 gene expression is linked to glioblastoma aggressiveness and could be a new potential therapeutic target to attenuate glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cheray
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Barbara Bessette
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Lacroix
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Carole Mélin
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Soha Jawhari
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sandra Pinet
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Elise Deluche
- Oncology Department, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Clavère
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Oncology Department, University Hospital, Limoges, France.,Immunology Lab., University Hospital, Limoges, France.,Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Karine Durand
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Oncology Department, University Hospital, Limoges, France.,Immunology Lab., University Hospital, Limoges, France.,Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital, Limoges, France.,Pathology and Anatomy, CBRS, Limoges, France
| | - Ricardo Sanchez-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/PCyTA/Unidad de Biomédicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Immunology Lab., University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Serge Battu
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine of Limoges, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
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Yashin AI, Arbeev KG, Wu D, Arbeeva L, Kulminski A, Kulminskaya I, Akushevich I, Ukraintseva SV. How Genes Modulate Patterns of Aging-Related Changes on the Way to 100: Biodemographic Models and Methods in Genetic Analyses of Longitudinal Data. NORTH AMERICAN ACTUARIAL JOURNAL : NAAJ 2016; 20:201-232. [PMID: 27773987 PMCID: PMC5070546 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2016.1178588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To clarify mechanisms of genetic regulation of human aging and longevity traits, a number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these traits have been performed. However, the results of these analyses did not meet expectations of the researchers. Most detected genetic associations have not reached a genome-wide level of statistical significance, and suffered from the lack of replication in the studies of independent populations. The reasons for slow progress in this research area include low efficiency of statistical methods used in data analyses, genetic heterogeneity of aging and longevity related traits, possibility of pleiotropic (e.g., age dependent) effects of genetic variants on such traits, underestimation of the effects of (i) mortality selection in genetically heterogeneous cohorts, (ii) external factors and differences in genetic backgrounds of individuals in the populations under study, the weakness of conceptual biological framework that does not fully account for above mentioned factors. One more limitation of conducted studies is that they did not fully realize the potential of longitudinal data that allow for evaluating how genetic influences on life span are mediated by physiological variables and other biomarkers during the life course. The objective of this paper is to address these issues. DATA AND METHODS We performed GWAS of human life span using different subsets of data from the original Framingham Heart Study cohort corresponding to different quality control (QC) procedures and used one subset of selected genetic variants for further analyses. We used simulation study to show that approach to combining data improves the quality of GWAS. We used FHS longitudinal data to compare average age trajectories of physiological variables in carriers and non-carriers of selected genetic variants. We used stochastic process model of human mortality and aging to investigate genetic influence on hidden biomarkers of aging and on dynamic interaction between aging and longevity. We investigated properties of genes related to selected variants and their roles in signaling and metabolic pathways. RESULTS We showed that the use of different QC procedures results in different sets of genetic variants associated with life span. We selected 24 genetic variants negatively associated with life span. We showed that the joint analyses of genetic data at the time of bio-specimen collection and follow up data substantially improved significance of associations of selected 24 SNPs with life span. We also showed that aging related changes in physiological variables and in hidden biomarkers of aging differ for the groups of carriers and non-carriers of selected variants. CONCLUSIONS . The results of these analyses demonstrated benefits of using biodemographic models and methods in genetic association studies of these traits. Our findings showed that the absence of a large number of genetic variants with deleterious effects may make substantial contribution to exceptional longevity. These effects are dynamically mediated by a number of physiological variables and hidden biomarkers of aging. The results of these research demonstrated benefits of using integrative statistical models of mortality risks in genetic studies of human aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Professor, Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A102E, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Tel.: (+1) 919-668-2713; Fax: (+1) 919-684-3861
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Sr. Research Scientist, Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A102F, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Tel.: (+1) 919-668-2707; Fax: (+1) 919-684-3861
| | - Deqing Wu
- Sr. Research Scientist, Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A104, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Tel.: (+1) 919-684-6126; Fax: (+1) 919-684-3861
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Statistician, Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A102G, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Tel.: (+1) 919-613-0715; Fax: (+1) 919-684-3861
| | - Alexander Kulminski
- Sr. Research Scientist, Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A106, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Tel.: (+1) 919-684-4962; Fax: (+1) 919-684-3861
| | - Irina Kulminskaya
- Research Scientist, Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A102D, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Tel.: (+1) 919-681-8232; Fax: (+1) 919-684-3861
| | - Igor Akushevich
- Sr. Research Scientist, Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A107, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Tel.: (+1) 919-668-2715; Fax: (+1) 919-684-3861
| | - Svetlana V. Ukraintseva
- Sr. Research Scientist, Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A105, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Tel.: (+1) 919-668-2712; Fax: (+1) 919-684-3861
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Zhou K, Wang J, Li A, Zhao W, Wang D, Zhang W, Yan J, Gao GF, Liu W, Fang M. Swift and Strong NK Cell Responses Protect 129 Mice against High-Dose Influenza Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1842-54. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Evidence for Persistence of Ectromelia Virus in Inbred Mice, Recrudescence Following Immunosuppression and Transmission to Naïve Mice. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005342. [PMID: 26700306 PMCID: PMC4689526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopoxviruses (OPV), including variola, vaccinia, monkeypox, cowpox and ectromelia viruses cause acute infections in their hosts. With the exception of variola virus (VARV), the etiological agent of smallpox, other OPV have been reported to persist in a variety of animal species following natural or experimental infection. Despite the implications and significance for the ecology and epidemiology of diseases these viruses cause, those reports have never been thoroughly investigated. We used the mouse pathogen ectromelia virus (ECTV), the agent of mousepox and a close relative of VARV to investigate virus persistence in inbred mice. We provide evidence that ECTV causes a persistent infection in some susceptible strains of mice in which low levels of virus genomes were detected in various tissues late in infection. The bone marrow (BM) and blood appeared to be key sites of persistence. Contemporaneous with virus persistence, antiviral CD8 T cell responses were demonstrable over the entire 25-week study period, with a change in the immunodominance hierarchy evident during the first 3 weeks. Some virus-encoded host response modifiers were found to modulate virus persistence whereas host genes encoded by the NKC and MHC class I reduced the potential for persistence. When susceptible strains of mice that had apparently recovered from infection were subjected to sustained immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (CTX), animals succumbed to mousepox with high titers of infectious virus in various organs. CTX treated index mice transmitted virus to, and caused disease in, co-housed naïve mice. The most surprising but significant finding was that immunosuppression of disease-resistant C57BL/6 mice several weeks after recovery from primary infection generated high titers of virus in multiple tissues. Resistant mice showed no evidence of a persistent infection. This is the strongest evidence that ECTV can persist in inbred mice, regardless of their resistance status.
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The Inhibitory Receptor NKG2A Sustains Virus-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells in Response to a Lethal Poxvirus Infection. Immunity 2015; 43:1112-24. [PMID: 26680205 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells and NK cells protect from viral infections by killing virally infected cells and secreting interferon-γ. Several inhibitory receptors limit the magnitude and duration of these anti-viral responses. NKG2A, which is encoded by Klrc1, is a lectin-like inhibitory receptor that is expressed as a heterodimer with CD94 on NK cells and activated CD8(+) T cells. Previous studies on the impact of CD94/NKG2A heterodimers on anti-viral responses have yielded contrasting results and the in vivo function of NKG2A remains unclear. Here, we generated Klrc1(-/-) mice and found that NKG2A is selectively required for resistance to ectromelia virus (ECTV). NKG2A functions intrinsically within ECTV-specific CD8(+) T cells to limit excessive activation, prevent apoptosis, and preserve the specific CD8(+) T cell response. Thus, although inhibitory receptors often cause T cell exhaustion and viral spreading during chronic viral infections, NKG2A optimizes CD8(+) T cell responses during an acute poxvirus infection.
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Abstract
Ectromelia virus is a mouse-specific orthopoxvirus that, following footpad infection or natural transmission, causes mousepox in most strains of mice, while a few strains, such as C57BL/6, are resistant to the disease but not to the infection. Mousepox is an acute, systemic, highly lethal disease of remarkable semblance to smallpox, caused by the human-specific variola virus. Starting in 1929 with its discovery by Marchal, work with ECTV has provided essential information for our current understanding on how viruses spread lympho-hematogenously, the genetic control of antiviral resistance, the role of different components of the innate and adaptive immune system in the control of primary and secondary infections with acute viruses, and how the mechanisms of immune evasion deployed by the virus affect virulence in vivo. Here, I review the literature on the pathogenesis and immunobiology of ECTV infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Sigal
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are immune cells that play a crucial role against viral infections and tumors. To be tolerant against healthy tissue and simultaneously attack infected cells, the activity of NK cells is tightly regulated by a sophisticated array of germline-encoded activating and inhibiting receptors. The best characterized mechanism of NK cell activation is “missing self” detection, i.e., the recognition of virally infected or transformed cells that reduce their MHC expression to evade cytotoxic T cells. To monitor the expression of MHC-I on target cells, NK cells have monomorphic inhibitory receptors which interact with conserved MHC molecules. However, there are other NK cell receptors (NKRs) encoded by gene families showing a remarkable genetic diversity. Thus, NKR haplotypes contain several genes encoding for receptors with activating and inhibiting signaling, and that vary in gene content and allelic polymorphism. But if missing-self detection can be achieved by a monomorphic NKR system why have these polygenic and polymorphic receptors evolved? Here, we review the expansion of NKR receptor families in different mammal species, and we discuss several hypotheses that possibly underlie the diversification of the NK cell receptor complex, including the evolution of viral decoys, peptide sensitivity, and selective MHC-downregulation.
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49
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Picardi A, Mengarelli A, Marino M, Gallo E, Benevolo M, Pescarmona E, Cocco R, Fraioli R, Tremante E, Petti MC, De Fabritiis P, Giacomini P. Up-regulation of activating and inhibitory NKG2 receptors in allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell grafts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:98. [PMID: 26361968 PMCID: PMC4567793 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is known to induce the inhibitory immune receptor NKG2A on NK cells of donor origin. This occurs in allogeneic recipients, in both the haploidentical and HLA-matched settings. Methods To gain further insight, not only NKG2A, but also the activating receptors NKG2C and NKG2D were assessed by flow cytometry. Immunophenotyping was carried out not only on CD56+ but also on CD8+ lymphocytes from leukemia and lymphoma patients, receiving both HLA-matched (n = 7) and autologous (n = 5) HSCT grafts. Moreover, cognate NKG2 ligands (HLA-E, MICA, ULBP-1, ULBP-2 and ULBP-3) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in diagnostic biopsies from three autotransplanted patients, and at relapse in one case. Results All the NKG2 receptors were simultaneously up-regulated in all the allotransplanted patients on CD8+ and/or CD56+ cells between 30 and 90 days post-transplant, coinciding with, or following, allogeneic engraftment. Up-regulation was of lesser entity and restricted to CD8+ cells in the autotransplantation setting. The phenotypic expression ratio between activating and inhibitory NKG2 receptors was remarkably similar in all the patients, except two outliers (a long survivor and a short survivor) who surprisingly displayed a similar NKG2 activation immunophenotype. Tumor expression of 2 to 3 out of the 5 tested NKG2 ligands was observed in 3/3 diagnostic biopsies, and 3 ligands were up-regulated post-transplant in a patient. Conclusions Altogether, these results are consistent with a dual (activation-inhibition) NK cell re-education mode, an innate-like T cell re-tuning, and a ligand:receptor interplay between the tumor and the immune system following HSCT including, most interestingly, the up-regulation of several activating NKG2 ligands. Turning the immune receptor balance toward activation on both T and NK cells of donor origin may complement ex vivo NK cell expansion/activation strategies in unmanipulated patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0213-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Picardi
- Hematology, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mengarelli
- Hematology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mirella Marino
- Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Cocco
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy. .,Present address: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, ASL Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Via Anello 66016, Guardiagrele, CH, Italy.
| | - Rocco Fraioli
- Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Tremante
- Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Concetta Petti
- Hematology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo De Fabritiis
- Hematology, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Giacomini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Reeves RK, Li H, Jost S, Blass E, Li H, Schafer JL, Varner V, Manickam C, Eslamizar L, Altfeld M, von Andrian UH, Barouch DH. Antigen-specific NK cell memory in rhesus macaques. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:927-32. [PMID: 26193080 PMCID: PMC4545390 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been considered nonspecific components of innate immunity, but recent studies have shown features of antigen-specific memory in mouse NK cells. However, it has remained unclear whether this phenomenon also exists in primates. We found that splenic and hepatic NK cells from SHIV(SF162P3)-infected and SIV(mac251)-infected macaques specifically lysed Gag- and Env-pulsed dendritic cells in an NKG2-dependent fashion, in contrast to NK cells from uninfected macaques. Moreover, splenic and hepatic NK cells from Ad26-vaccinated macaques efficiently lysed antigen-matched but not antigen-mismatched targets 5 years after vaccination. These data demonstrate that robust, durable, antigen-specific NK cell memory can be induced in primates after both infection and vaccination, and this finding could be important for the development of vaccines against HIV-1 and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Haiying Li
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Eryn Blass
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hualin Li
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jamie L. Schafer
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Valerie Varner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Leila Eslamizar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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