1
|
Harvey BJ, McElvaney NG. Sex differences in airway disease: estrogen and airway surface liquid dynamics. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:56. [PMID: 39026347 PMCID: PMC11264786 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological sex differences exist for many airway diseases in which females have either worse or better health outcomes. Inflammatory airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma display a clear male advantage in post-puberty while a female benefit is observed in asthma during the pre-puberty years. The influence of menstrual cycle stage and pregnancy on the frequency and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in CF and asthma point to a role for sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogen, in underpinning biological sex differences in these diseases. There are many ways by which estrogen may aggravate asthma and CF involving disturbances in airway surface liquid (ASL) dynamics, inappropriate hyper-immune and allergenic responses, as well as exacerbation of pathogen virulence. The deleterious effect of estrogen on pulmonary function in CF and asthma contrasts with the female advantage observed in airway diseases characterised by pulmonary edema such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19. Airway surface liquid hypersecretion and alveolar flooding are hallmarks of ARDS and COVID-19, and contribute to the morbidity and mortality of severe forms of these diseases. ASL dynamics encompasses the intrinsic features of the thin lining of fluid covering the airway epithelium which regulate mucociliary clearance (ciliary beat, ASL height, volume, pH, viscosity, mucins, and channel activating proteases) in addition to innate defence mechanisms (pathogen virulence, cytokines, defensins, specialised pro-resolution lipid mediators, and metabolism). Estrogen regulation of ASL dynamics contributing to biological sex differences in CF, asthma and COVID-19 is a major focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 126 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Department of Medicine, RCSI ERC, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 126 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bezanovic MR, Obradovic ZB, Bujandric N, Kocic N, Milanovic MK, Majkic M, Obrovski B, Grujic J. Reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Serbian voluntary blood donors. Transfus Med 2024; 34:200-210. [PMID: 38561316 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has major implications on the entire blood supply system worldwide. Seroepidemiological studies are certainly necessary for better understanding the global burden that the COVID-19 pandemic represents. OBJECTIVES In this study, we analysed the association between demographic factors, COVID-19 severity, vaccination status and the reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Serbian blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective study, demographic data and data related to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 severity and vaccination status among whole blood donors were analysed, from February 10 to August 10, 2022, at the Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Serbia. The detection and determination of the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were performed using LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG immunoassay. RESULTS A total of 1190 blood donors were included, 24.5% were female and 75.5% were male while their average age was 41 years. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody values ranged from 2.40 to 3120 BAU/ml with a mean value of 1354.56 BAU/ml. Statistical analysis showed that COVID-19 severity and vaccination status are linked with reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, while gender and age of voluntary blood donors are not related to the values of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. CONCLUSION The values of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in voluntary blood donors in Serbia are kept relatively high, especially in blood donors who have overcome the severe COVID-19, as well as in donors who have been vaccinated against COVID-19. Further SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in our country are certainly still necessary so global strategies to fight against COVID-19 would be adequately evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milomir Radoslav Bezanovic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorana Budakov Obradovic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Transfusiology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nevenka Bujandric
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Transfusiology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Neda Kocic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Krga Milanovic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Majkic
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Boris Obrovski
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Grujic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Transfusiology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahroum N, Habra M, Alrifaai MA, Shoenfeld Y. Antiphospholipid syndrome in the era of COVID-19 - Two sides of a coin. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103543. [PMID: 38604461 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In addition to the respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, the disease has consistently been linked to many autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS in particular was of paramount significance due to its devastating clinical sequela. In fact, the hypercoagulable state seen in patients with acute COVID-19 and the critical role of anticoagulant treatment in affected individuals shed light on the possible relatedness between APS and COVID-19. Moreover, the role of autoimmunity in the assumed association is not less important especially with the accumulated data available regarding the autoimmunity-triggering effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is furtherly strengthened at the time patients with COVID-19 manifested antiphospholipid antibodies of different types following infection. Additionally, the severe form of the APS spectrum, catastrophic APS (CAPS), was shown to have overlapping characteristics with severe COVID-19 such as cytokine storm and multi-organ failure. Interestingly, COVID vaccine-induced autoimmune phenomena described in the medical literature have pointed to an association with APS. Whether the antiphospholipid antibodies were present or de novo, COVID vaccine-induced vascular thrombosis in certain individuals necessitates further investigations regarding the possible mechanisms involved. In our current paper, we aimed to focus on the associations mentioned, their implications, importance, and consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naim Mahroum
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mona Habra
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lapuente D, Winkler TH, Tenbusch M. B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:144-158. [PMID: 37945737 PMCID: PMC10805925 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen. B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are an important correlate of protection (COP) from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition to absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition, and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers. The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell (MBC) and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms, such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, in unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with the technological advances of recent years, this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings. In this review, we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection- and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity, which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lapuente
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sui Y, Andersen H, Li J, Hoang T, Minai M, Nagata BM, Bock KW, Alves DA, Lewis MG, Berzofsky JA. SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine protects against clinical disease with sex bias in efficacy. Vaccine 2024; 42:339-351. [PMID: 38071106 PMCID: PMC10843685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques that don't develop COVID-like disease. Protective efficacy against both viral load and weight loss correlated with serum antibody titers. A sex bias was detected in that immune responses and protection against viral load were greater in females than males. We also found that priming with S1 from the Wuhan strain elicited lower humoral immune responses against beta variant and led to less protection against beta viral challenge, suggesting the importance of matched antigens. The greater efficacy of mucosal vaccines in the upper respiratory tract and the need to consider sex differences in vaccine protection are important in the development of future improved COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | - Jianping Li
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Derron A Alves
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chatzikalil E, Kattamis A, Diamantopoulos P, Solomou EE. New-onset aplastic anemia after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Int J Hematol 2023; 118:667-681. [PMID: 37768509 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare autoimmune disease. Drugs, viruses, and radiation are among the most common etiologic factors, and most cases have immune pathophysiology. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been linked with rare side effects, including cases of acquired aplastic anemia. Here we review all the reported cases of new-onset AA after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and discuss their clinical characteristics and management. 18 patients in these case reports had a median age of 58 years. The time from vaccination to onset of aplastic anemia ranged from 1 day to 7 months, with a median of 2.5 weeks. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with severe or very severe aplastic anemia post-vaccination and all patients received standard treatments for acquired aplastic anemia. Seventeen patients achieved a complete or partial response and only 1 patient died. Aplastic anemia can be considered a very rare SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related adverse event, although a causative relationship has not been proven. Reporting cases of such uncommon post-vaccination events could help clinicians to consider aplastic anemia when pancytopenia is observed after vaccination. The benefits of SARS-Cov-2 vaccination are established, and reports of rare events serve only to increase awareness in daily clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chatzikalil
- Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena E Solomou
- Internal Medicine-Hematology, University of Patras Medical School, 26500, Rion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Massion SP, Howa AC, Zhu Y, Kim A, Halasa N, Chappell J, McGonigle T, Mellis AM, Deyoe JE, Reed C, Rolfes MA, Talbot HK, Grijalva CG. Sex differences in COVID-19 symptom severity and trajectories among ambulatory adults. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13235. [PMID: 38125808 PMCID: PMC10730332 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to hundreds of millions of infections worldwide. Although differences in COVID-19 hospitalization rates between males and females have been described, many infections in the general population have been mild, and the severity of symptoms during the course of COVID-19 in non-hospitalized males and females is not well understood. Methods We conducted a case-ascertained study to examine household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Nashville, Tennessee, between April 2020 and April 2021. Among enrolled ambulatory adult participants with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, we assessed the presence and severity of symptoms (total, systemic, and respiratory) daily using a symptoms severity questionnaire, from illness onset and throughout the 2-week follow-up period. We compared the mean daily symptom severity scores (0-3: none, mild, moderate, and severe) and change in symptoms between males and females using a multivariable linear mixed effects regression model. Results The analysis included 223 enrolled adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection (58% females, mostly white, non-Hispanic) from 146 households with 2917 total daily symptom reports. The overall mean severity of total symptoms reported over the illness period was 1.04 and 0.90 for females and males, respectively. Mean systemic and respiratory scores were higher for females than for males (p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, females reported more severe total and systemic symptoms during the illness period compared with males. However, no significant differences in reported respiratory symptoms were observed. Conclusions Our findings indicate that among ambulatory adults with SARS-CoV-2 infections, females reported slightly higher symptom severity during their illness compared with males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Massion
- Department of Health PolicyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- School of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Amanda C. Howa
- Department of Health PolicyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ahra Kim
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Natasha Halasa
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - James Chappell
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Trey McGonigle
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Alexandra M. Mellis
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jessica E. Deyoe
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Carrie Reed
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Melissa A. Rolfes
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - H. Keipp Talbot
- Department of Health PolicyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Carlos G. Grijalva
- Department of Health PolicyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- School of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hentschel V, Horsch C, Mayer B, Thies A, Qian W, Kroschel J, Seufferlein T, Perkhofer L, Müller M. A Systematic Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Anti-S-RBD-Ig Response in a Population of Health Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1467. [PMID: 37766143 PMCID: PMC10537165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the novel class of mRNA vaccines has been granted first-time approval for active immunization against SARS-CoV-2 alongside the already established viral vector-based vaccines. In this prospective single-center study, we set out to determine the vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a population of 1512 health care employees after the second and third vaccination, respectively. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid antigen antibody concentrations were assessed using commercially available immunoassays. We could show that, in particular, young study subjects aged below 30 years, as well as those with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, developed significantly higher antibody concentrations. Our data further suggest that being in physically close contact with formerly SARS-CoV-2-positive people positively affects the post-vaccination response. Surprisingly, study subjects with a BMI > 30 produced the highest anti-S-RBD Ig antibody levels if they had recently received their third vaccination. Also, heterologous dual vaccine regimens consisting of a BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19, a homologous triple combination of BNT162b2, and an application of mRNA-1273 as the third vaccine, were most efficient at eliciting a humoral immune response. Our study substantiates existing evidence, but beyond that, scrutinizes the impact of vaccine agents and their respective combinations, as well as different time intervals on humoral immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Hentschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Cornelia Horsch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (C.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (C.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Annsophie Thies
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Will Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Joris Kroschel
- Central Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (A.T.); (W.Q.); (T.S.); (L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hartsell JD, Leung DT, Zhang Y, Delgado JC, Alder SC, Samore MH. Sex difference in the discordance between Abbott Architect and EuroImmun serological assays. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15247. [PMID: 37483960 PMCID: PMC10358334 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the discordance between Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and EUROIMMUN SARS-COV-2 ELISA in a seroprevalence study. Methods From June 10 to August 15, 2020, 8,246 specimens were dually evaluated by the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Abbott) and the EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (EI) assays. Sex-stratified phi correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the concordance between Abbott and EI assay's quantitative results. Multivariable mixed-effect logistic models were implemented to evaluate the association between assay positivity and sex on a low prevalence sample while controlling for age, race, ethnicity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, immunosuppressive therapy, and autoimmune disease. Results EI positivity among males was 2.1-fold that of females; however, no significant differences in Abbott positivity were observed between sexes. At the manufacturer-recommended threshold, the phi correlation coefficient for the Abbott and EI qualitative results among females (Φ = 0.47) was 34% greater than males (Φ = 0.35). The unadjusted and fully adjusted models yielded a strong association between sex and positive EI result for the low prevalence subgroup (unadjusted OR: 2.24, CI: 1.63, 3.11, adjusted OR: 3.40, CI: 2.15, 5.39). A similar analysis of Abbott positivity in the low prevalence subgroup did not find an association with any of the covariates examined. Significant quantitative and qualitative discordance was observed between Abbott and EI throughout the seroprevalence study. Our results suggest the presence of sex-associated specificity limitations with the EI assay. As these findings may extend to other anti-S assays utilized for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence investigations, further investigation is needed to evaluate the generalizability of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Hartsell
- Department of Population Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Epi-Vant LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Alder
- Department of Entrepreneurship and Strategy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Samore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Veteran Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haack M, Engert LC, Besedovsky L, Goldstein MR, Devine JK, Dang R, Olia K, Molina V, Bertisch SM, Sethna N, Simpson N. Alterations of pain pathways by experimental sleep disturbances in humans: central pain-inhibitory, cyclooxygenase, and endocannabinoid pathways. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad061. [PMID: 36881901 PMCID: PMC10262178 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES There is strong evidence that sleep disturbances are an independent risk factor for the development of chronic pain conditions. The mechanisms underlying this association, however, are still not well understood. We examined the effect of experimental sleep disturbances (ESDs) on three pathways involved in pain initiation/resolution: (1) the central pain-inhibitory pathway, (2) the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, and (3) the endocannabinoid (eCB) pathway. METHODS Twenty-four healthy participants (50% females) underwent two 19-day long in-laboratory protocols in randomized order: (1) an ESD protocol consisting of repeated nights of short and disrupted sleep with intermittent recovery sleep; and (2) a sleep control protocol consisting of nights with an 8-hour sleep opportunity. Pain inhibition (conditioned pain modulation, habituation to repeated pain), COX-2 expression at monocyte level (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-stimulated and spontaneous), and eCBs (arachidonoylethanolamine, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, docosahexaenoylethanolamide [DHEA], eicosapentaenoylethanolamide, docosatetraenoylethanolamide) were measured every other day throughout the protocol. RESULTS The central pain-inhibitory pathway was compromised by sleep disturbances in females, but not in males (p < 0.05 condition × sex effect). The COX-2 pathway (LPS-stimulated) was activated by sleep disturbances (p < 0.05 condition effect), and this effect was exclusively driven by males (p < 0.05 condition × sex effect). With respect to the eCB pathway, DHEA was higher (p < 0.05 condition effect) in the sleep disturbance compared to the control condition, without sex-differential effects on any eCBs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that central pain-inhibitory and COX mechanisms through which sleep disturbances may contribute to chronic pain risk are sex specific, implicating the need for sex-differential therapeutic targets to effectively reduce chronic pain associated with sleep disturbances in both sexes. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02484742: Pain Sensitization and Habituation in a Model of Experimentally-induced Insomnia Symptoms. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02484742.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Haack
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Larissa C Engert
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luciana Besedovsky
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jaime K Devine
- Institutes for Behavior Resources, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rammy Dang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keeyon Olia
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Molina
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Bertisch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Navil Sethna
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norah Simpson
- Stanford Sleep Heath & Insomnia Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Galanis P, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Chrysagi V, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T, Gallos P, Kaitelidou D. Prevalence and risk factors of adverse effects after the first COVID-19 booster dose: evidence from Greece. VACUNAS 2023:S1576-9887(23)00038-9. [PMID: 37362837 PMCID: PMC10213299 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background In general, COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, but minor adverse effects are common. However, adverse effects have not been measured in several countries including Greece. Objective To estimate the prevalence of adverse effects after the first COVID-19 booster dose, and to identify possible risk factors. Material and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample in Greece during November 2022. We measured several adverse effects after the booster dose, such as fatigue, headaches, fever, chills, nausea, etc. We considered gender, age, chronic disease, self-assessment of health status, COVID-19 diagnóstico, and self-assessment of COVID-19 course as possible predictors of adverse effects. Results In our sample, 96% developed at least one adverse effect. Half of the participants (50.2%) developed one to five adverse effects, 35.9% developed six to ten adverse effects, and 9.5% developed 11 to 16 adverse effects. Mean number of adverse effects was 5.5. The most frequent adverse effects were pain at the injection site (84.3%), fatigue (70.8%), muscle pain (61%), swelling at the injection site (55.2%), headache (49.8%), fever (42.9%), and chills (41%). Females developed more adverse effects than males (p < 0.001). The prevalence of adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines was statistically significant and positively associated with the severity of COVID-19 among COVID-recovered individuals (p < 0.05). Moreover, younger age was associated with increased adverse effects (p < 0.001). Conclusions Almost all participants in our study developed minor adverse effects after the booster dose. Female gender, COVID-19 patients with worse clinical course, and younger individuals experienced more often adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petros Galanis
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aglaia Katsiroumpa
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Vraka
- Department of Radiology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vanessa Chrysagi
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Siskou
- Department of Tourism Studies, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Olympia Konstantakopoulou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Katsoulas
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Parisis Gallos
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daphne Kaitelidou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Olivieri F, Marchegiani F, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Ramini D, Fazioli F, Sabbatinelli J, Bonafè M. Sex/gender-related differences in inflammaging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111792. [PMID: 36806605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Geroscience puts mechanisms of aging as a driver of the most common age-related diseases and dysfunctions. Under this perspective, addressing the basic mechanisms of aging will produce a better understanding than addressing each disease pathophysiology individually. Worldwide, despite greater functional impairment, life expectancy is higher in women than in men. Gender differences in the prevalence of multimorbidity lead mandatory to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying gender-related differences in multimorbidity patterns and disability-free life expectancy. Extensive literature suggested that inflammaging is at the crossroad of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we highlight the main evidence on sex/gender differences in the mechanisms that foster inflammaging, i.e. the age-dependent triggering of innate immunity, modifications of adaptive immunity, and accrual of senescent cells, underpinning some biomarkers of inflammaging that show sex-related differences. In the framework of the "gender medicine perspective", we will also discuss how sex/gender differences in inflammaging can affect sex differences in COVID-19 severe outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Fazioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Laboratory Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Plocque A, Mitri C, Lefèvre C, Tabary O, Touqui L, Philippart F. Should We Interfere with the Interleukin-6 Receptor During COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far? Drugs 2023; 83:1-36. [PMID: 36508116 PMCID: PMC9743129 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe manifestations of COVID-19 consist of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to an initially local reaction leading to a systemic inflammatory response that results in hypoxia. Many therapeutic approaches have been attempted to reduce the clinical consequences of an excessive immune response to viral infection. To date, systemic corticosteroid therapy is still the most effective intervention. More recently, new hope has emerged with the use of interleukin (IL)-6 receptor inhibitors (tocilizumab and sarilumab). However, the great heterogeneity of the methodology and results of published studies obfuscate the true value of this treatment, leading to a confusing synthesis in recent meta-analyses, and the persistence of doubts in terms of patient groups and the appropriate time to treat. Moreover, their effects on the anti-infectious or pro-healing response are still poorly studied. This review aims to clarify the potential role of IL-6 receptor inhibitors in the treatment of severe forms of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Plocque
- Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Christie Mitri
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Charlène Lefèvre
- Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tabary
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- INSERM U938 Unit, St. Antoine Research Centre, Sorbona University, Paris, France
- Mucoviscidosis and Pulmonary Disease Units, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
- Cystic fibrosis and Bronchial diseases team-INSERM U938, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Francois Philippart
- Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France.
- Endotoxins, Structures and Host Response, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR 9891 CNRS-CEA-Paris Saclay University, 98190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Assaid N, Arich S, Charoute H, Akarid K, Anouar Sadat M, Maaroufi A, Ezzikouri S, Sarih M. Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Antibodies 3 Months after COVID-19 Onset in Moroccan Patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:145-154. [PMID: 36509045 PMCID: PMC9833093 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses serious global public health problems. Characterization of the immune response, particularly antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, is important for establishing vaccine strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against spike protein (S1) for up to 3 months in a cohort of 169 COVID-19 patients. We enrolled COVID-19 patients at two regional hospitals in Casablanca, Morocco, between March and September 2021. Blood samples were collected and N-specific IgM and S-specific IgG levels were measured by a commercial Euroimmun ELISA. IgM antibodies were assessed 2-5 (D00), 9-12 (D07), 17-20 (D15), and 32-37 (D30) days after symptom onset; IgG antibodies were assessed at these time points plus 60 (D60) and 90 (D90) days after symptom onset. We found that at 3 months after symptom onset, 79% of patients had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, whereas their IgM seropositivity was 19% by 1 month after symptom onset. The IgM level decreased to 0.34 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.19-0.92) at 1 month after symptom onset, whereas the IgG level peaked at D30 (3.10; IQR 1.83-5.64) and remained almost stable at D90 (2.95; IQR 1.52-5.19). IgG levels were significantly higher in patients older than 50 years than in those younger than 50 at all follow-up time points (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in median anti-S1 antibody levels among infected patients based on gender or comorbidities. This study provides information on the longevity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa Assaid
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco;,Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Arich
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Akarid
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Anouar Sadat
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M’hammed Sarih
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco;,Address correspondence to M’hammed Sarih, Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca, Morocco. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Halushko OA, Protsiuk OV, Pogorila OI, Synytsyn MM. HYPOGLYCEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: A COINCIDENCE OR A TREND? WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1075-1082. [PMID: 37326092 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202305128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: The purpose of this work is to analyze the available scientific information on causes and risk factors of hypoglycemia during treatment of patients with COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: A search and analysis of full-text articles was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The search was conducted using the keywords: «hypoglycemia in COVID-19 patients», «treatment of COVID-19 and hypoglycemia» and «COVID-19 vaccination and hypoglycemia» from the beginning of the pandemic in December 2019 to July 1, 2022. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Hypoglycemia can be an incidental clinical finding. But it can also be a natural consequence of treatment if it is carried out without taking into account the possible hypoglycemic effects of drugs and without careful monitoring of the patient's condition. In the case of determining the program of treatment and vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with DM, the known and possible hypoglycemic effects of drugs and vaccines should be taken into account, the level of glycemia should be carefully controlled, and sudden changes in the type and dose of drugs, polypharmacy and the use of dangerous combinations of drugs should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga V Protsiuk
- SHUPYK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH CARE OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | | | - Maksym M Synytsyn
- "FEOFANIYA" CLINICAL HOSPITAL OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF AFFAIRS OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Yang D, Gao X, Ju M, Fang H, Yan Z, Qu H, Zhang Y, Xie L, Weng H, Bai C, Song Y, Sun Z, Geng W, Gao X. Ginger supplement significantly reduced length of hospital stay in individuals with COVID-19. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:84. [PMID: 36578045 PMCID: PMC9795954 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from previous studies has suggested that ginger extract exhibits the potential as an alternative treatment for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we want to investigate whether ginger supplement improves the clinical manifestation of hospitalized COVID-19 individuals. METHODS A total of 227 hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 were randomized to either the control (n = 132) or intervention group (n = 95). The intervention group took ginger supplement orally at the dosage of 1.5 g twice daily, until they were discharged from the hospital. Both groups received the same standard of general medical care during hospitalization, and the length of stay was recorded and compared between groups. RESULTS Among all participants, a significant reduction in hospitalization time (the difference between the treatment and control groups was 2.4 d, 95% CI 1.6-3.2) was detected in response to the ginger supplement. This effect was more pronounced in men, participants aged 60 years or older, and participants with pre-existing medical conditions, relative to their counterparts (P-interactions < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Ginger supplement significantly shortened the length of stay of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200059824).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwen Gao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Ju
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Fang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanru Qu
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Department of Rheumatology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linshan Xie
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- Shanghai Suvalue Healthcare Scientific Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenye Geng
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Silva MJA, Ribeiro LR, Lima KVB, Lima LNGC. Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001198. [PMID: 36300105 PMCID: PMC9589156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that the adaptive or acquired immune system is one of the crucial variables in differentiating the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This work aimed to analyze the immunopathological aspects of adaptive immunity that are involved in the progression of this disease. Methods This is a systematic review based on articles that included experimental evidence from in vitro assays, cohort studies, reviews, cross-sectional and case-control studies from PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE, and Lilacs databases in English, Portuguese, or Spanish between January 2020 and July 2022. Results Fifty-six articles were finalized for this review. CD4+ T cells were the most resolutive in the health-disease process compared with B cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The predominant subpopulations of T helper lymphocytes (Th) in critically ill patients are Th1, Th2, Th17 (without their main characteristics) and regulatory T cells (Treg), while in mild cases there is an influx of Th1, Th2, Th17 and follicular T helper cells (Tfh). These cells are responsible for the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin (IL) - 6, IL-4, IL-10, IL-7, IL-22, IL-21, IL-15, IL-1α, IL-23, IL-5, IL-13, IL-2, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), CXC motivating ligand (CXCL) 8, CXCL9 and tumor growth factor beta (TGF-β), with the abovementioned first 8 inflammatory mediators related to clinical benefits, while the others to a poor prognosis. Some CD8+ T lymphocyte markers are associated with the severity of the disease, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Among the antibodies produced by SARS-CoV-2, Immunoglobulin (Ig) A stood out due to its potent release associated with a more severe clinical form. Conclusions It is concluded that through this study it is possible to have a brief overview of the main immunological biomarkers and their function during SARS-CoV-2 infection in particular cell types. In critically ill individuals, adaptive immunity is varied, aberrantly compromised, and late. In particular, the T-cell response is also an essential and necessary component in immunological memory and therefore should be addressed in vaccine formulation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance (PPGEVS), Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva,
| | - Layana Rufino Ribeiro
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance (PPGEVS), Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
- Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lethal Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Suckling Mice. J Virol 2022; 96:e0006522. [PMID: 35993737 PMCID: PMC9472626 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00065-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a recently emerging bat-borne coronavirus responsible for high mortality rates in piglets. In vitro studies have indicated that SADS-CoV has a wide tissue tropism in different hosts, including humans. However, whether this virus potentially threatens other animals remains unclear. Here, we report the experimental infection of wild-type BALB/c and C57BL/6J suckling mice with SADS-CoV. We found that mice less than 7 days old are susceptible to the virus, which caused notable multitissue infections and damage. The mortality rate was the highest in 2-day-old mice and decreased in older mice. Moreover, a preliminary neuroinflammatory response was observed in 7-day-old SADS-CoV-infected mice. Thus, our results indicate that SADS-CoV has potential pathogenicity in young hosts. IMPORTANCE SADS-CoV, which likely has originated from bat coronaviruses, is highly pathogenic to piglets and poses a threat to the swine industry. Little is known about its potential to disseminate to other animals. No efficient treatment is available, and the quarantine strategy is the only preventive measure. In this study, we demonstrated that SADS-CoV can efficiently replicate in suckling mice younger than 7 days. In contrast to infected piglets, in which intestinal tropism is shown, SADS-CoV caused infection and damage in all murine tissues evaluated in this study. In addition, neuroinflammatory responses were detected in some of the infected mice. Our work provides a preliminary cost-effective model for the screening of antiviral drugs against SADS-CoV infection.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bruel T, Pinaud L, Tondeur L, Planas D, Staropoli I, Porrot F, Guivel-Benhassine F, Attia M, Pelleau S, Woudenberg T, Duru C, Koffi AD, Castelain S, Fernandes-Pellerin S, Jolly N, De Facci LP, Roux E, Ungeheuer MN, Van Der Werf S, White M, Schwartz O, Fontanet A. Neutralising antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 omicron among elderly nursing home residents following a booster dose of BNT162b2 vaccine: A community-based, prospective, longitudinal cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101576. [PMID: 35891947 PMCID: PMC9307278 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective immunity against omicron following a BNT162b2 Pfizer booster dose among elderly individuals (ie, those aged >65 years) is not well characterised. METHODS In a community-based, prospective, longitudinal cohort study taking place in France in which 75 residents from three nursing homes were enrolled, we selected 38 residents who had received a two-dose regimen of mRNA vaccine and a booster dose of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine. We excluded individuals that did not receive three vaccine doses or did not have available sera samples. We measured anti-S IgG antibodies and neutralisation capacity in sera taken 56 (28-68) and 55 (48-64) days (median (range)) after the 2nd and 3rd vaccine doses, respectively. Antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were measured with the S-Flow assay as binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/mL). Neutralising activities in sera were measured as effective dilution 50% (ED50) with the S-Fuse assay using authentic isolates of delta and omicron BA.1. FINDINGS Among the 38 elderly individuals recruited to the cohort study between November 23rd, 2020 and April 29th, 2021, with median age of 88 (range 72-101) years, 30 (78.95%) had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. After three vaccine doses, serum neutralising activity was lower against omicron BA.1 (median ED50 of 774.5, range 15.0-34660.0) than the delta variant (median ED50 of 4972.0, range 213.7-66340.0), and higher among previously infected (ie, convalescent; median ED50 against omicron: 1088.0, range 32.6-34660.0) compared with infection-naive residents (median ED50 against omicron: 188.4, range 15.0-8918.0). During the French omicron wave in December 2021-January 2022, 75% (6/8) of naive residents were infected, compared to 25% (7/30) of convalescent residents (P=0.0114). Anti-Spike antibody levels and neutralising activity against omicron BA.1 after a third BNT162b2 booster dose were lower in those with breakthrough BA.1 infection (n=13) compared with those without (n=25), with a median of 1429.9 (range 670.9-3818.3) BAU/mL vs 2528.3 (range 695.4-8832.0) BAU/mL (P=0.029) and a median ED50 of 281.1 (range 15.0-2136.0) vs 1376.0 (range 32.6-34660.0) (P=0.0013), respectively. INTERPRETATION This study shows that elderly individuals who received three vaccine doses elicit neutralising antibodies against the omicron BA.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Elderly individuals who had also been previously infected showed higher neutralising activity compared with naive individuals. Yet, breakthrough infections with omicron occurred. Individuals with breakthrough infections had significantly lower neutralising titers compared to individuals without breakthrough infection. Thus, a fourth dose of vaccine may be useful in the elderly population to increase the level of neutralising antibodies and compensate for waning immunity. FUNDING Institut Pasteur, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida et les hépatites virales - Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes (ANRS-MIE), Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Fondation de France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- Corresponding author at: Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Laurie Pinaud
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Mikaël Attia
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tom Woudenberg
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Duru
- Hôpital de Crépy-en-Valois, Crépy-en-Valois, France
| | | | | | | | - Nathalie Jolly
- Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Louise Perrin De Facci
- Clinical Investigation and access to bioresources (ICAReB) platform, Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- Clinical Investigation and access to bioresources (ICAReB) platform, Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer
- Clinical Investigation and access to bioresources (ICAReB) platform, Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Van Der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michael White
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, PACRI Unit, Paris, France
- Corresponding author at: Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Quality of Life in Post-COVID-19 Patients after Hospitalization. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091666. [PMID: 36141278 PMCID: PMC9498792 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on people’s quality of life (QoL), which is affected by social and economic changes as well as by mental and physical health. The aim of this study was to determine QoL in post-COVID-19 patients who had required hospitalization, and to identify relevant sociodemographic data. We used questionnaires which considered demographic and socioeconomic data, health and vaccination status, the pandemic situation, and EQ-5D scoring. The interactions of all data and the scores of EQ-5D were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to the five dimensions of EQ-5D. In this single-hospital-cohort study, the average times elapsed since initial diagnosis and hospital admission were 2.5 (76.3 ± 18.1 days) and 5 months (155.4 ± 33.9 days), respectively. Post-COVID-19 females were 3–5 times more likely to be affected in terms of anxiety/depression, and in negative impact upon their usual activities, at 5 months after diagnosis. At the same time, reductions in mobility were 3–4 times more likely in elderly post-COVID-19 patients, whose levels of pain and discomfort increased. Single patients, those with low incomes, and those with severe clinical outcomes were 2–4 times more likely to experience a reduction in their usual activities, while the presence of co-morbidities and lower levels of education were associated with increased pain and discomfort. Aging-induced pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were significantly exacerbated in elderly patients with widespread vaccination. Our study revealed effects of demographic and socioeconomic factors upon lower QoL in post-COVID-19 patients in four dimensions of EQ-5D: mobility, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, 5 months after first diagnosis and hospitalization.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen S, Guan F, Candotti F, Benlagha K, Camara NOS, Herrada AA, James LK, Lei J, Miller H, Kubo M, Ning Q, Liu C. The role of B cells in COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988536. [PMID: 36110861 PMCID: PMC9468879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells secrete antibodies and mediate the humoral immune response, making them extremely important in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this review, we summarize the positive function and pathological response of B cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and re-infection. Then, we structure the immunity responses that B cells mediated in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, we discuss the role of B cells during vaccination including the effectiveness of antibodies and memory B cells, viral evolution mechanisms, and future vaccine development. This review might help medical workers and researchers to have a better understanding of the interaction between B cells and SARS-CoV-2 and broaden their vision for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andres A. Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Louisa K. James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Rikagaku Kenkyusho, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schafer JM, Xiao T, Kwon H, Collier K, Chang Y, Abdel-Hafiz H, Bolyard C, Chung D, Yang Y, Sundi D, Ma Q, Theodorescu D, Li X, Li Z. Sex-biased adaptive immune regulation in cancer development and therapy. iScience 2022; 25:104717. [PMID: 35880048 PMCID: PMC9307950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer research field is finally starting to unravel the mystery behind why males have a higher incidence and mortality rate than females for nearly all cancer types of the non-reproductive systems. Here, we explain how sex - specifically sex chromosomes and sex hormones - drives differential adaptive immunity across immune-related disease states including cancer, and why males are consequently more predisposed to tumor development. We highlight emerging data on the roles of cell-intrinsic androgen receptors in driving CD8+ T cell dysfunction or exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment and summarize ongoing clinical efforts to determine the impact of androgen blockade on cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we outline a framework for future research in cancer biology and immuno-oncology, underscoring the importance of a holistic research approach to understanding the mechanisms of sex dimorphisms in cancer, so sex will be considered as an imperative factor for guiding treatment decisions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Schafer
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kwon
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Katharine Collier
- Division of Medical Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hany Abdel-Hafiz
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuanquan Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Goda K, Kenzaka T, Yahata S, Okayama M, Nishisaki H. Association between Adverse Reactions to the First and Second Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081232. [PMID: 36016120 PMCID: PMC9416330 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the frequency of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in Japan and the impact of first-dose adverse reactions on second-dose adverse reactions. Individuals who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at our center in March or April 2021 were included. Data were collected using questionnaires. The main factors were age (<40, 40−59, and >60 years), sex, underlying disease, and first-dose adverse reaction. The primary outcomes were incidence of local and systemic adverse reactions (ARs) attributable to the vaccine. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among 671 participants, 90% experienced local or systemic ARs. An AR to the first dose was associated with a significantly increased risk of an AR to the second dose (OR: 49.63, 95% CI: 21.96−112.16). ARs were less common among men than among women (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17−0.76). Local ARs were less common among those aged 60 years or older (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18−0.66), whereas systemic ARs were more common among those aged under 40 years. Information on ARs to the first dose is important for healthcare providers and recipients when making vaccination decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Goda
- Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 2002-7 Iso, Hikami-cho, Tamba 669-3495, Japan; (K.G.); (H.N.)
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-5 Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe 652-0032, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Kenzaka
- Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 2002-7 Iso, Hikami-cho, Tamba 669-3495, Japan; (K.G.); (H.N.)
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-5 Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe 652-0032, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-382-6732
| | - Shinsuke Yahata
- Hyogo Prefectural Harima-Himeji General Medical Center, Department of General Internal Medicine, 3-264 Kamiya-cho, Himeji 670-8560, Japan;
| | - Masanobu Okayama
- Division of Community Medicine and Medical Education, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-5 Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe 652-0032, Japan;
| | - Hogara Nishisaki
- Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 2002-7 Iso, Hikami-cho, Tamba 669-3495, Japan; (K.G.); (H.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Aiello A, Candore G. An immunologist's guide to immunosenescence and its treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:961-981. [PMID: 35876758 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The ageing process causes several changes in the immune system, although immune ageing is strongly influenced by individual immunological history, as well as genetic and environmental factors leading to inter-individual variability. AREAS COVERED : Here, we focused on the biological and clinical meaning of immunosenescence. Data on SARS-CoV-2 and Yellow Fever vaccine have demonstrated the clinical relevance of immunosenescence, while inconsistent results, obtained from longitudinal studies aimed at looking for immune risk phenotypes, have revealed that the immunosenescence process is highly context-dependent. Large projects have allowed the delineation of the drivers of immune system variance, including genetic and environmental factors, sex, smoking, and co-habitation. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the interventions that can be envisaged to maintain or improve immune function in older people. That suggests that drug treatment of immunosenescence should require personalized intervention. Regarding this, we discussed the role of changes in lifestyle as a potential therapeutic approach. EXPERT OPINION : Our review points out that age is only part of the problem of immunosenescence. Everyone ages differently because he/she is unique in genetics and experience of life and this applies even more to the immune system (immunobiography). Finally, the present review shows how appreciable results in the modification of immunosenescence biomarkers can be achieved with lifestyle modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Caruso
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, first notified in China, has spread around the world causing high morbidity and mortality, which is due to factors such as the subversion of the immune response. The aims of the study are to summarise and present the immunopathological relationship of COVID-19 with innate immunity. This is a systematic review conducted by the National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health, USA (PUBMED), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) databases with clinical trials, in vitro assays, case-controls, cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses between February 2020 and July 2021. The version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs (RoB 2), Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal (for the review articles) and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools were used to evaluate the quality and the risk of bias of the studies included in this review. The innate immune response through the generation of interferons, alternative pathways and complement system lectins and the joint action of innate immune cells and cytokines and chemokines lead to different clinical outcomes, taking into account the exacerbated inflammatory response and pathogenesis. Then, in addition to interacting as a bridge for adaptive immunity, the innate immune response plays an essential role in primary defense and is one of the starting points for immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sex bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: a molecular insight. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM (SURREY, ENGLAND)) 2022; 4:e00004. [PMID: 35966636 PMCID: PMC9358995 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acknowledging sex differences in immune response is particularly important when we consider the differences between men and women in the incidence of disease. For example, over 80% of autoimmune disease occurs in women, whereas men have a higher incidence of solid tumors compared to women. In general women have stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than men, explaining their ability to clear viral and bacterial infections faster, but also contributing to their increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease. The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the archetypical sexually dimorphic disease, with 90% of patients being women. Various mechanisms have been suggested to account for the female prevalence of SLE, including sex hormones, X-linked genes, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here, we will discuss how these mechanisms contribute to pathobiology of SLE and how type I interferons work with them to augment sex specific disease pathogenesis in SLE.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mofaz M, Yechezkel M, Guan G, Brandeau ML, Patalon T, Gazit S, Yamin D, Shmueli E. Self-Reported and Physiologic Reactions to Third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Booster) Vaccine Dose. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1375-1383. [PMID: 35654410 PMCID: PMC9239876 DOI: 10.3201/eid2807.212330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive technological advances in recent years, objective and continuous assessment of physiologic measures after vaccination is rarely performed. We conducted a prospective observational study to evaluate short-term self-reported and physiologic reactions to the booster BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech, https://www.pfizer.com) vaccine dose. A total of 1,609 participants were equipped with smartwatches and completed daily questionnaires through a dedicated mobile application. The extent of systemic reactions reported after the booster dose was similar to that of the second dose and considerably greater than that of the first dose. Analyses of objective heart rate and heart rate variability measures recorded by smartwatches further supported this finding. Subjective and objective reactions after the booster dose were more apparent in younger participants and in participants who did not have underlying medical conditions. Our findings further support the safety of the booster dose from subjective and objective perspectives and underscore the need for integrating wearables in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
28
|
Schultheiß C, Willscher E, Paschold L, Gottschick C, Klee B, Henkes SS, Bosurgi L, Dutzmann J, Sedding D, Frese T, Girndt M, Höll JI, Gekle M, Mikolajczyk R, Binder M. The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF cytokine triad is associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100663. [PMID: 35732153 PMCID: PMC9214726 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is emerging as global problem with unknown molecular drivers. Using a digital epidemiology approach, we recruited 8,077 individuals to the cohort study for digital health research in Germany (DigiHero) to respond to a basic questionnaire followed by a PASC-focused survey and blood sampling. We report the first 318 participants, the majority thereof after mild infections. Of those, 67.8% report PASC, predominantly consisting of fatigue, dyspnea, and concentration deficit, which persists in 60% over the mean 8-month follow-up period and resolves independently of post-infection vaccination. PASC is not associated with autoantibodies, but with elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF plasma levels, which we confirm in a validation cohort with 333 additional participants and a longer time from infection of 10 months. Blood profiling and single-cell data from early infection suggest the induction of these cytokines in COVID-19 lung pro-inflammatory macrophages creating a self-sustaining feedback loop. We report a post-COVID-19 digital epidemiology study with biomarker analysis (n = 651) PASC persists in 60% of participants up to 24 months after mild COVID-19 PASC is associated with high IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF levels but not autoantibodies Overactivated monocytes/macrophages are likely the source of cytokine production
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Svenja-Sibylla Henkes
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Dutzmann
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Sedding
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jessica I Höll
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang C, Jin J, Yang Y, Sun H, Wu L, Shen M, Hong X, Li W, Lu L, Cao D, Wang X, Sun J, Ye Y, Su B, Deng L. Androgen receptor-mediated CD8 + T cell stemness programs drive sex differences in antitumor immunity. Immunity 2022; 55:1268-1283.e9. [PMID: 35700739 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of many non-reproductive human cancers are generally higher in males than in females. However, the immunological mechanism underlying sexual differences in cancers remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that sex-related differences in tumor burden depended on adaptive immunity. Male CD8+ T cells exhibited impaired effector and stem cell-like properties compared with female CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, androgen receptor inhibited the activity and stemness of male tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells by regulating epigenetic and transcriptional differentiation programs. Castration combined with anti-PD-L1 treatment synergistically restricted tumor growth in male mice. In humans, fewer male CD8+ T cells maintained a stem cell-like memory state compared with female counterparts. Moreover, AR expression correlated with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell exhaustion in cancer patients. Our findings reveal sex-biased CD8+ T cell stemness programs in cancer progression and in the responses to cancer immunotherapy, providing insights into the development of sex-based immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingsi Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuanqin Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingyi Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaochuan Hong
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongqing Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liufu Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yeap BB, Marriott RJ, Manning L, Dwivedi G, Hankey GJ, Wu FCW, Nicholson JK, Murray K. Higher premorbid serum testosterone predicts COVID-19-related mortality risk in men. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:159-170. [PMID: 35536887 PMCID: PMC9175556 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Men are at greater risk from COVID-19 than women. Older, overweight men, and those with type 2 diabetes, have lower testosterone concentrations and poorer COVID-19-related outcomes. We analysed the associations of premorbid serum testosterone concentrations, not confounded by the effects of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with COVID-19-related mortality risk in men. Design This study is a United Kingdom Biobank prospective cohort study of community-dwelling men aged 40-69 years. Methods Serum total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at baseline (2006-2010). Free testosterone values were calculated (cFT). the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths related to COVID-19 were ascertained from 16 March 2020 to 31 January 2021 and modelled using time-stratified Cox regression. Results In 159 964 men, there were 5558 SARS-CoV-2 infections and 438 COVID-19 deaths. Younger age, higher BMI, non-White ethnicity, lower educational attainment, and socioeconomic deprivation were associated with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections but total testosterone, SHBG, and cFT were not. Adjusting for potential confounders, higher total testosterone was associated with COVID-19-related mortality risk (overall trend P = 0.008; hazard ratios (95% CIs) quintile 1, Q1 vs Q5 (reference), 0.84 (0.65-1.12) Q2:Q5, 0.82 (0.63-1.10); Q3:Q5, 0.80 (0.66-1.00); Q4:Q5, 0.82 (0.75-0.93)). Higher SHBG was also associated with COVID-19 mortality risk (P = 0.008), but cFT was not (P = 0.248). Conclusions Middle-aged to older men with the highest premorbid serum total testosterone and SHBG concentrations are at greater risk of COVID-19-related mortality. Men could be advised that having relatively high serum testosterone concentrations does not protect against future COVID-19-related mortality. Further investigation of causality and potential underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Ross J Marriott
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Laurens Manning
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Matsumoto S, Noda S, Torii S, Ikari Y, Kuroda S, Kitai T, Yonetsu T, Kohsaka S, Node K, Ikeda T, Matsue Y. Sex Differences in Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease ― Insights From the CLAVIS-COVID Registry ―. Circ Rep 2022; 4:315-321. [PMID: 35860350 PMCID: PMC9257456 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-22-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Male sex is associated with a worse clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19, particularly in older patients. However, studies on COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease and/or risk factors (CVDRF), which are representative risk factors of COVID-19, are limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of sex on the outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with CVDRF. Methods and Results: We analyzed 693 COVID-19 patients with CVDRF. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on sex, and baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. The mean age of the 693 patients was 68 years; 64.8% were men and 96.1% were Japanese. In a univariate analysis model, sex was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–2.02; P=0.43). However, men had higher in-hospital mortality than women, especially among older (age ≥80 years) patients (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.11–4.41; P=0.024). After adjusting for age and pivotal risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic lung disease, and chronic kidney disease), multivariate analysis suggested that male sex was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.23–3.92; P=0.008). Conclusions: In this post hoc analysis of a nationwide registry focusing on patients with COVID-19 and CVDRF, men had higher in-hospital mortality than women, especially among older patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Noda
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Sho Torii
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Yuji Ikari
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Shunsuke Kuroda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Kitai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Taishi Yonetsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
di Mauro G, Mascolo A, Longo M, Maiorino MI, Scappaticcio L, Bellastella G, Esposito K, Capuano A. European Safety Analysis of mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines on Glucose Metabolism Events. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060677. [PMID: 35745596 PMCID: PMC9229409 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Few data have been published on the effects of impaired glucose metabolism induced by COVID-19 vaccines. We decided to perform a study to describe Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) of impaired glucose metabolism events reported in the European database (Eudravigilance, EV). ICSRs were retrieved from the online website of Eudravigilance. The reporting odds ratios (ROR) were computed to assess the reporting frequency for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines compared to COVID-19 viral vector-based vaccines. A total of 3917 ICSRs with a COVID-19 vaccine suspected were retrieved, with a total of 4275 impaired glucose metabolism events. Overall, the most reported events were related to “high glucose levels” (2012; 47.06%). The mRNA vaccines were associated with an increased reporting frequency of “type 1 diabetes mellitus” (ROR 1.86; 95% CI 1.33–2.60), “type 2 diabetes mellitus” (ROR 1.58; 95% CI 1.03–2.42), “high glucose levels” (ROR 1.16; 95% CI 1.06–1.27), “diabetes mellitus inadequate control” (ROR 1.63; 95% CI 1.25–2.11), and “hypoglycemia” (ROR 1.62; 95% CI 1.41–1.86) compared to viral vector-based vaccines. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were associated with an increased reporting frequency of alterations of glucose homeostasis compared to viral-vector COVID-19 vaccines. Clinicians should be aware of these events to better manage glycemic perturbations. Larger nationwide studies are warranted to verify these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella di Mauro
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.d.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mascolo
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.d.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815-667-652
| | - Miriam Longo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (M.I.M.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (K.E.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (M.I.M.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (K.E.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scappaticcio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (M.I.M.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (K.E.)
| | - Giuseppe Bellastella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (M.I.M.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (K.E.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (M.I.M.); (L.S.); (G.B.); (K.E.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.d.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Am I Paid Well Enough to Be Diagnosed with COVID-19? Determinants of Gender Differences in Infection Detection Rate among Polish Working Age Population. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050793. [PMID: 35629215 PMCID: PMC9147074 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison to Western European countries, Poland had a relatively lower percentage of its population diagnosed with COVID-19. Moreover, even the detected cases were not showing any pattern consistent with the expected chance of infection and were at best only remotely related to the severity of the illness that is known to increase with age. Instead, the crucial factor in detecting illness was whether the individual was likely to receive adequate compensation for being confined to their home, with employed women being the most likely to be diagnosed. In every Polish sub-region (powiat), in the 25–54 age group, the share of men diagnosed with COVID-19 was lower than that of women, with the missing share ranging from 8% to 36%. Based on the regression model (adjusted R² = 43.9%), there were relevant non-economic factors such as education, vaccination rate and increasing median age that were reducing this gap. However, the key factors, such as the share of population entitled to sick leave derived from employment rate, or the share of the self-employed population who were unlikely to receive adequate compensation, were related to economic incentives. It would seem that gender differences, in reaction to economic stimuli, widened the discrepancies, as the same factors were affecting women as well. While the testing rates in Poland, the lowest of all the EU countries, clearly played a role in creating the environment in which testing was perceived by the general population as somewhat optional, Polish citizens themselves through their actions aggravated the problem further, creating the impression of people receiving inadequate or no compensation for their time of self-isolation. In spite of well-intentioned government efforts to extend compensation to at least some groups, a significant share of the population clearly behaved as if they feared self-isolation more than the actual virus. Therefore, for both compliance and fairness purposes, both the severity of restrictions and the availability of compensation should be reconsidered.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wilkins D, Aksyuk AA, Ruzin A, Tuffy KM, Green T, Greway R, Fikes B, Bonhomme CJ, Esser MT, Kelly EJ. Validation and performance of a multiplex serology assay to quantify antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1385. [PMID: 35495877 PMCID: PMC9040421 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Robust, quantitative serology assays are required to accurately measure antibody levels following vaccination and natural infection. We present validation of a quantitative, multiplex, SARS‐CoV‐2, electrochemiluminescent (ECL) serology assay; show correlation with two established SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassays; and present calibration results for two SARS‐CoV‐2 reference standards. Methods Precision, dilutional linearity, ruggedness, analytical sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Clinical sensitivity and specificity were assessed using serum from prepandemic and SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive patient samples. Assay concordance to the established Roche Elecsys® Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassay and a live‐virus microneutralisation (MN) assay was evaluated. Results Standard curves demonstrated the assay can quantify SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels over a broad range. Assay precision (10.2−15.1% variability), dilutional linearity (≤ 1.16‐fold bias per 10‐fold increase in dilution), ruggedness (0.89−1.18 overall fold difference), relative accuracy (107−118%) and robust selectivity (102−104%) were demonstrated. Analytical sensitivity was 7, 13 and 7 arbitrary units mL−1 for SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S), receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens, respectively. For all antigens, analytical specificity was > 90% and clinical specificity was 99.0%. Clinical sensitivities for S, RBD and N antigens were 100%, 98.8% and 84.9%, respectively. Comparison with the Elecsys® immunoassay showed ≥ 87.7% agreement and linear correlation (Pearson r of 0.85, P < 0.0001) relative to the MN assay. Conversion factors for the WHO International Standard and Meso Scale Discovery® Reference Standard are presented. Conclusions The multiplex SARS‐CoV‐2 ECL serology assay is suitable for efficient, reproducible measurement of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens in human sera, supporting its use in clinical trials and sero‐epidemiology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deidre Wilkins
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Anastasia A Aksyuk
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Alexey Ruzin
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Kevin M Tuffy
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Tina Green
- PPD® Laboratories Vaccine Sciences Lab Richmond VA USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark T Esser
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kelly
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wei J, Pouwels KB, Stoesser N, Matthews PC, Diamond I, Studley R, Rourke E, Cook D, Bell JI, Newton JN, Farrar J, Howarth A, Marsden BD, Hoosdally S, Jones EY, Stuart DI, Crook DW, Peto TEA, Walker AS, Eyre DW. Antibody responses and correlates of protection in the general population after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines. Nat Med 2022; 28:1072-1082. [PMID: 35165453 PMCID: PMC9117148 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody responses are an important part of immunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, antibody trajectories and the associated duration of protection after a second vaccine dose remain unclear. In this study, we investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses and correlates of protection after second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United Kingdom general population. In 222,493 individuals, we found significant boosting of anti-spike IgG by the second doses of both vaccines in all ages and using different dosing intervals, including the 3-week interval for BNT162b2. After second vaccination, BNT162b2 generated higher peak levels than ChAdOX1. Older individuals and males had lower peak levels with BNT162b2 but not ChAdOx1, whereas declines were similar across ages and sexes with ChAdOX1 or BNT162b2. Prior infection significantly increased antibody peak level and half-life with both vaccines. Anti-spike IgG levels were associated with protection from infection after vaccination and, to an even greater degree, after prior infection. At least 67% protection against infection was estimated to last for 2-3 months after two ChAdOx1 doses, for 5-8 months after two BNT162b2 doses in those without prior infection and for 1-2 years for those unvaccinated after natural infection. A third booster dose might be needed, prioritized to ChAdOx1 recipients and those more clinically vulnerable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Koen B Pouwels
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - John I Bell
- Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John N Newton
- Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Alison Howarth
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Hoosdally
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick W Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim E A Peto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - David W Eyre
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wilcox T, Smilowitz NR, Seda B, Xia Y, Hochman J, Berger JS. Sex Differences in Thrombosis and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19. Am J Cardiol 2022; 170:112-117. [PMID: 35282877 PMCID: PMC8908016 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gender-specific differences in thrombosis have been reported in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We sought to investigate the influence of age on the relation between gender and incident thrombosis or death in COVID-19. We identified consecutive adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 1, 2020, to April 17, 2020, at a large New York health system. In-hospital thrombosis and all-cause mortality were evaluated by gender and stratified by age group. Logistic regression models were generated to estimate the odds of thrombosis or death after multivariable adjustment. In 3,334 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 61% were men. Death or thrombosis occurred in 34% of hospitalizations and was more common in men (36% vs 29% in women, p <0.001; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36 to 1.91). When stratified by age, men had a higher incidence of death or thrombosis in younger patients (aged 18 to 54 years: 21% vs 9%, aOR 3.17, 95% CI 2.06 to 5.01; aged 55 to 74 years: 39% vs 28%, aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.10), but not older patients (aged ≥75 years: 55% vs 48%; aOR 1.20, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.59) (interaction p value: 0.01). For the individual end points, men were at higher risk of thrombosis (19% vs 12%; aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.05) and mortality (26% vs 23%; aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.69) than women, and gender-specific differences were attenuated with older age. Associations between thrombosis and mortality were most striking in younger patients (aged 18 to 54 years, aOR 8.25; aged 55 to 74 years, aOR 2.38; aged >75 years, aOR 1.88; p for interaction <0.001) but did not differ by gender. In conclusion, the risk of thrombosis or death in COVID-19 is higher in men compared with women and is most apparent in younger age groups.
Collapse
|
37
|
de Medeiros SF, Yamamoto MMW, de Medeiros MAS, Yamamoto AKLW, Barbosa BB. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risks for COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive review : PCOS and COVID-19 relationship. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:251-264. [PMID: 35218458 PMCID: PMC8881900 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review aimed to evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection (the cause of coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19) and the metabolic and endocrine characteristics frequently found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the general population, COVID-19 is more severe in subjects with dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. Because these conditions are comorbidities commonly associated with PCOS, it was hypothesized that women with PCOS would be at higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 and developing more severe clinical presentations. This hypothesis was confirmed in several epidemiological studies. The present review shows that women with PCOS are at 28%-50% higher risk of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus at all ages and that, in these women, COVID-19 is associated with increased rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. We summarize the mechanisms of the higher risk of COVID-19 infection in women with PCOS, particularly in those with carbohydrate and lipid abnormal metabolism, hyperandrogenism, and central obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rebelatto CLK, Senegaglia AC, Franck CL, Daga DR, Shigunov P, Stimamiglio MA, Marsaro DB, Schaidt B, Micosky A, de Azambuja AP, Leitão CA, Petterle RR, Jamur VR, Vaz IM, Mallmann AP, Carraro Junior H, Ditzel E, Brofman PRS, Correa A. Safety and long-term improvement of mesenchymal stromal cell infusion in critically COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:122. [PMID: 35313959 PMCID: PMC8935270 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a multisystem disease that presents acute and persistent symptoms, the postacute sequelae (PASC). Long-term symptoms may be due to consequences from organ or tissue injury caused by SARS-CoV-2, associated clotting or inflammatory processes during acute COVID-19. Various strategies are being chosen by clinicians to prevent severe cases of COVID-19; however, a single treatment would not be efficient in treating such a complex disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known for their immunomodulatory properties and regeneration ability; therefore, they are a promising tool for treating disorders involving immune dysregulation and extensive tissue damage, as is the case with COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the safety and explore the long-term efficacy of three intravenous doses of UC-MSCs (umbilical cord MSCs) as an adjunctive therapy in the recovery and postacute sequelae reduction caused by COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is one of the few reports that presents the longest follow-up after MSC treatment in COVID-19 patients. METHODS This was a phase I/II, prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Seventeen patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who require intensive care surveillance and invasive mechanical ventilation-critically ill patients-were included. The patient infusion was three doses of 5 × 105 cells/kg UC-MSCs, with a dosing interval of 48 h (n = 11) or placebo (n = 6). The evaluations consisted of a clinical assessment, viral load, laboratory testing, including blood count, serologic, biochemical, cell subpopulation, cytokines and CT scan. RESULTS The results revealed that in the UC-MSC group, there was a reduction in the levels of ferritin, IL-6 and MCP1-CCL2 on the fourteen day. In the second month, a decrease in the levels of reactive C-protein, D-dimer and neutrophils and an increase in the numbers of TCD3, TCD4 and NK lymphocytes were observed. A decrease in extension of lung damage was observed at the fourth month. The improvement in all these parameters was maintained until the end of patient follow-up. CONCLUSIONS UC-MSCs infusion is safe and can play an important role as an adjunctive therapy, both in the early stages, preventing severe complications and in the chronic phase with postacute sequelae reduction in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), UTN code-U1111-1254-9819. Registered 31 October 2020-Retrospectively registered, https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3fz9yr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lúcia Kuniyoshi Rebelatto
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil.
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Cristina Senegaglia
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
- Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Regina Daga
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Shigunov
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Boscaro Marsaro
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Schaidt
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Andressa Micosky
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valderez Ravaglio Jamur
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Isadora May Vaz
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Roberto Slud Brofman
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, INCT-REGENERA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ordonez AA, Bullen CK, Villabona-Rueda AF, Thompson EA, Turner ML, Merino VF, Yan Y, Kim J, Davis SL, Komm O, Powell JD, D'Alessio FR, Yolken RH, Jain SK, Jones-Brando L. Sulforaphane exhibits antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses in vitro and in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:242. [PMID: 35304580 PMCID: PMC8933402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has incited a global health crisis. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We evaluated the antiviral activity of sulforaphane (SFN), the principal biologically active phytochemical derived from glucoraphanin, the naturally occurring precursor present in high concentrations in cruciferous vegetables. SFN inhibited in vitro replication of six strains of SARS-CoV-2, including Delta and Omicron, as well as that of the seasonal coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Further, SFN and remdesivir interacted synergistically to inhibit coronavirus infection in vitro. Prophylactic administration of SFN to K18-hACE2 mice prior to intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly decreased the viral load in the lungs and upper respiratory tract and reduced lung injury and pulmonary pathology compared to untreated infected mice. SFN treatment diminished immune cell activation in the lungs, including significantly lower recruitment of myeloid cells and a reduction in T cell activation and cytokine production. Our results suggest that SFN should be explored as a potential agent for the prevention or treatment of coronavirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Ordonez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - C Korin Bullen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andres F Villabona-Rueda
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell L Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa F Merino
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Yan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Kim
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie L Davis
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Komm
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Franco R D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorraine Jones-Brando
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gepner Y, Mofaz M, Oved S, Yechezkel M, Constantini K, Goldstein N, Eisenkraft A, Shmueli E, Yamin D. Utilizing wearable sensors for continuous and highly-sensitive monitoring of reactions to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:27. [PMID: 35603274 PMCID: PMC9053261 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trial guidelines for assessing the safety of vaccines, are primarily based on self-reported questionnaires. Despite the tremendous technological advances in recent years, objective, continuous assessment of physiological measures post-vaccination is rarely performed. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study during the mass vaccination campaign in Israel. 160 participants >18 years who were not previously found to be COVID-19 positive and who received the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine were equipped with an FDA-approved chest-patch sensor and a dedicated mobile application. The chest-patch sensor continuously monitored 13 different cardiovascular, and hemodynamic vitals: heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate variability, stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance and skin temperature. The mobile application collected daily self-reported questionnaires on local and systemic reactions. Results We identify continuous and significant changes following vaccine administration in nearly all vitals. Markedly, these changes are observed even in presumably asymptomatic participants who did not report any local or systemic reaction. Changes in vitals are more apparent at night, in younger participants, and in participants following the second vaccine dose. Conclusion the considerably higher sensitivity of wearable sensors can revolutionize clinical trials by enabling earlier identification of abnormal reactions with fewer subjects. The safety of vaccines in clinical trials is primarily determined by participants completing self-reported questionnaires. We monitored various indicators of participant’s health using a chest-patch sensor in 160 participants before and after receiving the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine. Participants were also asked to self-report their health via a mobile phone app. We observed significant changes in health indicators following vaccine administration. Changes were seen by chest patch sensor in both participants who did and did not report changes via the mobile phone app. Three days following vaccination, participant health indicators returned to the levels observed the day before vaccination in both groups. Using wearable sensors could potentially improve clinical trials by enabling earlier identification of abnormal reactions. Gepner et al. undertake a prospective observational study using a chest-patch sensor to monitor cardiovascular and hemodynamic vital signs following the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine. Continuous and significant changes occurred in the vital signs, including in participants who did not report any reactions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Silverstein NJ, Wang Y, Manickas-Hill Z, Carbone C, Dauphin A, Boribong BP, Loiselle M, Davis J, Leonard MM, Kuri-Cervantes L, Meyer NJ, Betts MR, Li JZ, Walker BD, Yu XG, Yonker LM, Luban J. Innate lymphoid cells and COVID-19 severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. eLife 2022; 11:e74681. [PMID: 35275061 PMCID: PMC9038195 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk of severe COVID-19 increases with age, is greater in males, and is associated with lymphopenia, but not with higher burden of SARS-CoV-2. It is unknown whether effects of age and sex on abundance of specific lymphoid subsets explain these correlations. Methods Multiple regression was used to determine the relationship between abundance of specific blood lymphoid cell types, age, sex, requirement for hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, and elevation of blood markers of systemic inflammation, in adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 (n = 40), treated for COVID-19 as outpatients (n = 51), and in uninfected controls (n = 86), as well as in children with COVID-19 (n = 19), recovering from COVID-19 (n = 14), MIS-C (n = 11), recovering from MIS-C (n = 7), and pediatric controls (n = 17). Results This observational study found that the abundance of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) decreases more than 7-fold over the human lifespan - T cell subsets decrease less than 2-fold - and is lower in males than in females. After accounting for effects of age and sex, ILCs, but not T cells, were lower in adults hospitalized with COVID-19, independent of lymphopenia. Among SARS-CoV-2-infected adults, the abundance of ILCs, but not of T cells, correlated inversely with odds and duration of hospitalization, and with severity of inflammation. ILCs were also uniquely decreased in pediatric COVID-19 and the numbers of these cells did not recover during follow-up. In contrast, children with MIS-C had depletion of both ILCs and T cells, and both cell types increased during follow-up. In both pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C, ILC abundance correlated inversely with inflammation. Blood ILC mRNA and phenotype tracked closely with ILCs from lung. Importantly, blood ILCs produced amphiregulin, a protein implicated in disease tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Among controls, the percentage of ILCs that produced amphiregulin was higher in females than in males, and people hospitalized with COVID-19 had a lower percentage of ILCs that produced amphiregulin than did controls. Conclusions These results suggest that, by promoting disease tolerance, homeostatic ILCs decrease morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that lower ILC abundance contributes to increased COVID-19 severity with age and in males. Funding This work was supported in part by the Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness and NIH grants R37AI147868, R01AI148784, F30HD100110, 5K08HL143183.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Silverstein
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen ReadinessBostonUnited States
| | - Yetao Wang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen ReadinessBostonUnited States
| | - Zachary Manickas-Hill
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen ReadinessBostonUnited States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Ann Dauphin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Brittany P Boribong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research CenterBostonUnited States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of PediatricsBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Maggie Loiselle
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Jameson Davis
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Maureen M Leonard
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research CenterBostonUnited States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of PediatricsBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen ReadinessBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen ReadinessBostonUnited States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
- Department of Biology and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Xu G Yu
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen ReadinessBostonUnited States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Lael M Yonker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research CenterBostonUnited States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of PediatricsBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen ReadinessBostonUnited States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Immunochromatographic and microscopic detection of Plasmodium falciparum in recipients of P. falciparum-infected donor blood. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1455-1465. [PMID: 35230548 PMCID: PMC8885390 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusion practice is an essential medical intervention; however, it poses problems of transmissibility of infectious diseases including malaria. This study was designed to determine the potential of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) by detecting malaria antigens and parasites in recipients of infected donor blood. After successful blood transfusion, remnants of transfused blood were screened for Plasmodium falciparum HRP2 antigen and parasitemia using CareStart malaria RDT and 10% Giemsa stain microscopy respectively according to established protocols. Recipients of microscopy detectable P. falciparum in infected blood who tested negative for malaria by both microscopy and mRDT prior to receiving infected donor blood were followed up weekly for 35 days. Donor P. falciparum antigenemia and parasitemia were 12.1% and 8.4%, respectively, while the prevalence of blood recipient parasitemia was 3.2%. Blood stored for 2–5 days recorded mean parasitemia higher than those stored for a day and after 5 days. Additionally, parasitemia was observed in all follow-up days with marginally high frequencies in days 7, 14, and 35. There was no association between the attributes (storage days, blood group, and parasite count range) of the infected donor blood units and the characteristics of blood recipients with post-transfusion parasitemia. This study provides baseline data on TTM in Ghana. However, further studies should establish the genetic relatedness of the implicated parasites since new infections and/or recrudescence of previous infections could account for this observation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Acer Ö, Bahçe YG, Özüdoğru O. Association of viral load with age, gender, disease severity and death in SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3063-3069. [PMID: 35212012 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the relationship between viral load, demographic characteristics, and disease information in 1007(48.5%) patients with Delta variant (B.1.617.2), and 1070 (51.5%) patients with Alpha variant (B1.1.7) mutations was investigated. We found that there was a significant difference in viral load between patients who died from the Alpha variant and those who were discharged (p<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in patients with Delta variant. The viral load in patients who died from the Alpha variant was significantly higher than those who were discharged (p<0.05). The viral load was found to be higher in females in patients with Delta variant, whereas it was very close in males and females in patients with Alpha variant (p>0.05). No significant difference was detected between the cycle threshold values (Ct) and disease severity. In terms of the mean Ct values, statistical differences were observed in patients with Delta and Alpha variant. The Alpha variant was found to have a higher viral load than the Delta variant. Furthermore, Delta variant was found to be higher in the 40-year-old and under-age group than in the Alpha variant, whereas the Alpha variant was higher in the 40-year-old and older group. While the rate of moderate and severe patients in Alpha variant was found to be higher, the rate of mild survivors was found to be higher in Delta variant. In conclusion, The increase in vaccination prior to the appearance of the Delta variant in our region may have influenced the viral load and clinical status of the patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Acer
- Siirt University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Genç Bahçe
- Siirt Training and Research Hospital, Microbiology Laboratory, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Osman Özüdoğru
- Siirt University, Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li X, Zhang Y, He L, Si J, Qiu S, He Y, Wei J, Wang Z, Xie L, Li Y, Teng T. Immune response and potential therapeutic strategies for the SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1865-1877. [PMID: 35342348 PMCID: PMC8935217 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following onset of the first recorded case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, more than 269 million cases and over 5.3 million deaths have been confirmed worldwide. COVID-19 is a highly infectious pneumonia, caused by a novel virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, it poses a severe threat to human health across the globe, a trend that is likely to persist in the foreseeable future. This paper reviews SARS-CoV-2 immunity, the latest development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs as well as exploring in detail, immune escape induced by SARS-CoV-2. We expect that the findings will provide a basis for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yabo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Libing He
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jiangzhe Si
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yuhua He
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jiacun Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Longxiang Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: ; Tel.: +86-0371-22892865
| | - Yanzhang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: ; Tel.: +86-0371-22892865
| | - Tieshan Teng
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: ; Tel.: +86-0371-22892865
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Mota F, Ordonez AA, Foss CA, Singh AK, Praharaj M, Mahmud FJ, Ghayoor A, Flavahan K, De Jesus P, Bahr M, Dhakal S, Zhou R, Solis CV, Mulka KR, Bishai WR, Pekosz A, Mankowski JL, Villano J, Klein SL, Jain SK. 124I-Iodo-DPA-713 Positron Emission Tomography in a Hamster Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:135-143. [PMID: 34424479 PMCID: PMC8381721 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular imaging has provided unparalleled opportunities to monitor disease processes, although tools for evaluating infection remain limited. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mediated by lung injury that we sought to model. Activated macrophages/phagocytes have an important role in lung injury, which is responsible for subsequent respiratory failure and death. We performed pulmonary PET/CT with 124I-iodo-DPA-713, a low-molecular-weight pyrazolopyrimidine ligand selectively trapped by activated macrophages cells, to evaluate the local immune response in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PROCEDURES Pulmonary 124I-iodo-DPA-713 PET/CT was performed in SARS-CoV-2-infected golden Syrian hamsters. CT images were quantified using a custom-built lung segmentation tool. Studies with DPA-713-IRDye680LT and a fluorescent analog of DPA-713 as well as histopathology and flow cytometry were performed on post-mortem tissues. RESULTS Infected hamsters were imaged at the peak of inflammatory lung disease (7 days post-infection). Quantitative CT analysis was successful for all scans and demonstrated worse pulmonary disease in male versus female animals (P < 0.01). Increased 124I-iodo-DPA-713 PET activity co-localized with the pneumonic lesions. Additionally, higher pulmonary 124I-iodo-DPA-713 PET activity was noted in male versus female hamsters (P = 0.02). DPA-713-IRDye680LT also localized to the pneumonic lesions. Flow cytometry demonstrated a higher percentage of myeloid and CD11b + cells (macrophages, phagocytes) in male versus female lung tissues (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION 124I-Iodo-DPA-713 accumulates within pneumonic lesions in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a novel molecular imaging tool, 124I-Iodo-DPA-713 PET could serve as a noninvasive, clinically translatable approach to monitor SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary inflammation and expedite the development of novel therapeutics for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A Ruiz-Bedoya
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Filipa Mota
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catherine A Foss
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alok K Singh
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monali Praharaj
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farina J Mahmud
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kelly Flavahan
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia De Jesus
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Bahr
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruifeng Zhou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clarisse V Solis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen R Mulka
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Villano
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-II Room 109, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Long Y, Sun J, Song TZ, Liu T, Tang F, Zhang X, Ding L, Miao Y, Zhu W, Pan X, An Q, Qin M, Tong X, Peng X, Yu P, Zhu P, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu D, Chen B, Chen H, Zhang L, Xiao G, Zuo J, Tang W, Zhou J, Li H, Xu Z, Zheng HY, Long XY, Qin Q, Gan Y, Ren J, Huang W, Zheng YT, Jin G, Gong L. CoVac501, a self-adjuvanting peptide vaccine conjugated with TLR7 agonists, against SARS-CoV-2 induces protective immunity. Cell Discov 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35102138 PMCID: PMC8803929 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe, effective, and economical vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are needed to achieve adequate herd immunity and end the pandemic. We constructed a novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, CoVac501, which is a self-adjuvanting peptide vaccine conjugated with Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists. The vaccine contains immunodominant peptides screened from the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and is fully chemically synthesized. It has been formulated in an optimized nanoemulsion formulation and is stable at 40 °C for 1 month. In non-human primates (NHPs), CoVac501 elicited high and persistent titers of protective neutralizing antibodies against multiple RBD mutations, SARS-CoV-2 original strain, and variants (B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2). Specific peptides booster immunization against the B.1.351 variant has also been shown to be effective in improving protection against B.1.351. Meanwhile, CoVac501 elicited the increase of memory T cells, antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, and Th1-biased CD4+ T-cell immune responses in NHPs. Notably, at an extremely high SARS-CoV-2 challenge dose of 1 × 107 TCID50, CoVac501 provided near-complete protection for the upper and lower respiratory tracts of cynomolgus macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Ding
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqiu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi An
- Shanghai King-Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Qin
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiankun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xionghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yachun Zhang
- Shanghai King-Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Datao Liu
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin-Yan Long
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiuping Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Guangyi Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. .,International Cancer Center, Nation-Regional Engineering Lab for Synthetic Biology of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Smati S, Tramunt B, Wargny M, Gourdy P, Hadjadj S, Cariou B. COVID-19 and Diabetes Outcomes: Rationale for and Updates from the CORONADO Study. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:53-63. [PMID: 35171448 PMCID: PMC8853410 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In France, in order to describe the phenotypic characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalized for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to identify the prognostic factors in this specific population, the CORONADO (CORONAvirus and Diabetes Outcomes) study was launched. This review will summarize the key findings from the CORONADO study and put them in perspectives with others studies published on the subject. RECENT FINDINGS For almost 2 years, the new SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2), which causes COVID-19, has spread all around the world leading to a pandemic. From the first epidemiological reports, diabetes mellitus has rapidly emerged as a major risk factor associated with severe forms of COVID-19 but few data were available about diabetes characteristics in hospitalized people with COVID-19. Between March 10 and April 10, 2020, 2951 patients were included in 68 centers throughout the national territory, including overseas territories. In the CORONADO study, the primary outcome was a composite endpoint combining invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and/or death within day 7 (D7). Secondary outcomes included death, IMV, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital discharge, all considered within D7 and day 28 (D28). The primary outcome occurred in 29.0% participants within D7 following hospital admission. Within D28, the end of the follow-up period, the mortality rate was 20.6%, while 50.2% of patients were discharged. In multivariable analysis, advanced age, microvascular complications, treatment with insulin or statin prior to admission, dyspnea on admission, as well as biological markers reflecting the severity of the infection (high levels of transaminases, leukocytes and CRP, and low platelet levels) were associated with an increased risk of death. Several exploratory analyses were performed to clarify the influence of some parameters such as weight status, sex, type of diabetes, and some routine drugs, including metformin or statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Smati
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Blandine Tramunt
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases & Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Institute of Metabolic & Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 INSERM/UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Wargny
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CIC-EC 1413, Data Clinic, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases & Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Institute of Metabolic & Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 INSERM/UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang L, Li M, Wang Z, Sun P, Wei S, Zhang C, Wu H, Bai H. Cardiovascular Risk After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Mediated by IL18/IL18R1/HIF-1 Signaling Pathway Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:780804. [PMID: 35069552 PMCID: PMC8766743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Currently, cardiovascular risk associated with COVID-19 has been brought to people's attention, but the mechanism is not clear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms based on multiple omics data. Methodology Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify key pathways. Combination analysis with aneurysm and atherosclerosis related pathways, hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling were identified as key pathways of the increased cardiovascular risk associated with COVID-19. ScMLnet algorithm based on scRNA-seq was used to explore the regulation of HIF-1 pathway by intercellular communication. Proteomic analysis was used to detect the regulatory mechanisms between IL18 and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Pseudo time locus analysis was used to study the regulation of HIF1 signaling pathway in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotypic transformation. The Virtual Inference of protein-activity by Enriched Regulon (VIPER) analysis was used to study the activity of regulatory proteins. Epigenetic analysis based on methylation revealed epigenetic changes in PBMC after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Potential therapeutic compounds were explored by using Cmap algorithm. Results HIF-1 signaling pathway is a common key pathway for aneurysms, atherosclerosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intercellular communication analysis showed that macrophage-derived interleukin-18 (IL-18) activates the HIF-1 signaling pathway through IL18R1. Proteomic analysis showed that IL18/IL18R1 promote NF-κB entry into the nucleus, and activated the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Macrophage-derived IL18 promoted the M1 polarization of macrophages and the syntactic phenotype transformation of VSMCs. MAP2K1 mediates the functional regulation of HIF-1 signaling pathway in various cell types. Epigenetic changes in PBMC after COVID-19 infection are characterized by activation of the type I interferon pathway. MEK inhibitors are the promising compounds for the treatment of HIF-1 overactivation. Conclusions The IL18/IL18R1/HIF1A axis is expected to be an therapeutic target for cardiovascular protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection. MEK inhibitors may be an choice for cardiovascular protection after SARS-COV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunbo Wei
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoliang Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hualong Bai
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Danielsen AC, Lee KM, Boulicault M, Rushovich T, Gompers A, Tarrant A, Reiches M, Shattuck-Heidorn H, Miratrix LW, Richardson SS. Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: Quantifying and contextualizing variation. Soc Sci Med 2022; 294:114716. [PMID: 35042136 PMCID: PMC8743486 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the first longitudinal study of sex disparities in COVID-19 cases and mortalities across U.S. states, derived from the unique 13-month dataset of the U.S. Gender/Sex COVID-19 Data Tracker. To analyze sex disparities, weekly case and mortality rates by sex and mortality rate ratios were computed for each U.S. state, and a multilevel crossed-effects conditional logistic binomial regression model was fitted to estimate the variation of the sex disparity in mortality over time and across states. Results demonstrate considerable variation in the sex disparity in COVID-19 cases and mortalities over time and between states. These data suggest that the sex disparity, when present, is modest, and likely varies in relation to context-sensitive variables, which may include health behaviors, preexisting health status, occupation, race/ethnicity, and other markers of social experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine Mn Lee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marion Boulicault
- Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, 259 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara Rushovich
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amelia Tarrant
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Meredith Reiches
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Heather Shattuck-Heidorn
- Women and Gender Studies, University of Southern Maine, 94 Bedford Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA
| | - Luke W Miratrix
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, 13 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sarah S Richardson
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, 1 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Boylston Hall, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
White AA, Lin A, Bickendorf X, Cavve BS, Moore JK, Siafarikas A, Strickland DH, Leffler J. Potential immunological effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender people - an unexplored area of research. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221139612. [PMID: 36533187 PMCID: PMC9747891 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221139612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well-described sex-based differences in how the immune system operates. In particular, cisgender (cis) females have a more easily activated immune system; associated with an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases and adverse events following vaccinations. Conversely, cis males have a higher threshold for immune activation, and are more prone to certain infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Oestrogen and testosterone have immune-modulatory properties, and it is likely that these contribute to the sexual dimorphism of the immune system. There are also important immune-related genes located on the X chromosome, such as toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8; and the mosaic bi-allelic expression of such genes may contribute to the state of immune hyperactivation in cis females. The scientific literature strongly suggests that sex-based differences in the functioning of the immune system are related to both X-linked genes and immune modulation by sex hormones. However, it is currently not clear how this impacts transgender (trans) people receiving gender-affirming hormonal therapy. Moreover, it is estimated that in Australia, at least 2.3% of adolescents identify as trans and/or gender diverse, and referrals to specialist gender-affirming care are increasing each year. Despite the improving social awareness of trans people, they remain chronically underrepresented in the scientific literature. In addition, a small number of case studies describe new onset autoimmune disorders in adult trans females following oestrogen use. However, there is currently minimal long-term research with an immunological focus on trans people. Therefore, to ensure the positive health outcomes of trans people, it is crucial that the role of sex hormones in immune modulation is investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice A. White
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Xander Bickendorf
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
- Gender Diversity Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Blake S. Cavve
- Gender Diversity Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Julia K. Moore
- Gender Diversity Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Gender Diversity Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|