1
|
Rathor R, Suryakumar G. Myokines: A central point in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Biofactors 2024; 50:885-909. [PMID: 38572958 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a crucial phenomenon that is obligatory for maintaining the healthy status of cells. However, the loss of redox homeostasis may lead to numerous diseases that ultimately result in a compromised quality of life. Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes hundreds of myokines. Myokines are peptides and cytokines produced and released by muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle secreted myokines act as a robust modulator for regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis which play a prime role in managing and improving metabolic function in multiple organs. Further, the secretory myokines maintain redox homeostasis not only in muscles but also in other organs of the body via stabilizing oxidants and antioxidant levels. Myokines are also engaged in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondria is a central point for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ergo, myokines also act as a central player in communicating signals to other organs, including the pancreas, gut, liver, bone, adipose tissue, brain, and skin via their autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle-secreted myokines in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Additionally, probable strategies will be discussed that provide a solution for a better quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Annunziata G, Paoli A, Manzi V, Camajani E, Laterza F, Verde L, Capó X, Padua E, Bianco A, Carraro A, Di Baldassarre A, Guidetti L, Marcora SM, Orrù S, Tessitore A, Di Mitri R, Auletta L, Piantadosi A, Bellisi M, Palmeri E, Savastano S, Colao A, Caprio M, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L. The Role of Physical Exercise as a Therapeutic Tool to Improve Lipedema: A Consensus Statement from the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS) and the Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana di Flebologia, SIF). Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00579-8. [PMID: 38958868 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This consensus statement from the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS) and the Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana di Flebologia, SIF) provides the official view on the role of exercise as a non-pharmacological approach in lipedema. In detail, this consensus statement SISMeS - SIF aims to provide a comprehensive overview of lipedema, focusing, in particular, on the role played by physical exercise (PE) in the management of its clinical features. RECENT FINDINGS Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal fat accumulation. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity, despite presenting distinct pathological mechanisms. Indeed, recent evidence has reported differences in adipose tissue histology, metabolomic profiles, and gene polymorphisms associated with this condition, adding new pieces to the complex puzzle of lipedema pathophysiology. Although by definition lipedema is a condition resistant to diet and PE, the latter emerges for its key role in the management of lipedema, contributing to multiple benefits, including improvements in mitochondrial function, lymphatic drainage, and reduction of inflammation. Various types of exercise, such as aquatic exercises and strength training, have been shown to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with lipedema. However, standardized guidelines for PE prescription and long-term management of patients with lipedema are lacking, highlighting the need for recommendations and further research in this area in order to optimise therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- Facoltà di Scienze Umane, Della Formazione e dello Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Manzi
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Laterza
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Xavier Capó
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma, Spain
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department Unicusano, University "Niccolò Cusano", 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Samuele Maria Marcora
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Quality of Life Sciences, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Mitri
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, San Rossore Clinic Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucia Auletta
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Piantadosi
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- Serapide Physiotherapy Center - Pozzuoli, (Naples), Italy
| | - Mario Bellisi
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Edmondo Palmeri
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shira KA, Thornton KJ, Murdoch BM, Becker GM, Chibisa GE, Murdoch GK. Expression and secretion of SPARC, FGF-21 and DCN in bovine muscle cells: Effects of age and differentiation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299975. [PMID: 38959242 PMCID: PMC11221754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle growth is an economically important trait in the cattle industry. Secreted muscle-derived proteins, referred to as myokines, have important roles in regulating the growth, metabolism, and health of skeletal muscle in human and biomedical research models. Accumulating evidence supports the importance of myokines in skeletal muscle and whole-body health, though little is known about the potential presence and functional significance of these proteins in cattle. This study evaluates and confirms that secreted proteins acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), myostatin (MSTN), and decorin (DCN) are expressed and SPARC, FGF-21, and DCN are secreted by primary bovine satellite cells from 3- (BSC3; n = 3) and 11- (BSC11; n = 3) month -old commercial angus steers. Cells were cultured and collected at zero, 12, 24, and 48 hours to characterize temporal expression and secretion from undifferentiated and differentiated cells. The expression of SPARC was higher in the undifferentiated (p = 0.04) and differentiated (p = 0.07) BSC11 than BSC3. The same was observed with protein secretion from undifferentiated (p <0.0001) BSC11 compared to BSC3. Protein secretion of FGF-21 was higher in undifferentiated BSC11 (p < 0.0001) vs. BSC3. DCN expression was higher in differentiated BSC11 (p = 0.006) vs. BSC3. Comparing undifferentiated vs. differentiated BSC, MSTN expression was higher in differentiated BSC3 (p ≤ 0.001) for 0, 12, and 24 hours and in BSC11 (p ≤ 0.03) for 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours. There is also a change over time for SPARC expression (p ≤ 0.03) in undifferentiated and differentiated BSC and protein secretion (p < 0.0001) in undifferentiated BSC, as well as FGF-21 expression (p = 0.007) in differentiated BSC. This study confirms SPARC, FGF-21, and DCN are secreted, and SPARC, FGF-21, MSTN, and DCN are expressed in primary bovine muscle cells with age and temporal differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. Shira
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Kara J. Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brenda M. Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle M. Becker
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Gwinyai E. Chibisa
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Gordon K. Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lv H, Liu Y. Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Lifestyle changes. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2829-2833. [PMID: 38947294 PMCID: PMC11212717 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i22.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we commented on a recently released manuscript by Zeng et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. We focused specifically on lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which ultimately leads to advanced hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma and affects more than 25% of the population globally. Existing therapeutic strategies against NAFLD such as pharmacologic therapies focus on liver protection, anti-inflammation, and regulating disease-related metabolic disorder symptoms. Although several drugs are in late-stage development, potent drugs against the diseases are lacking. Additionally, existing surgical approaches such as bariatric surgery are not routinely used to treat NAFLD. Intervening in patients' unhealthy lifestyles, such as weight loss through dietary changes and exercises to ameliorate patient-associated metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome, is the first-line treatment for patients with NAFLD. With sufficient intrinsic motivation and adherence, the management of unhealthy lifestyles can reduce the severity of the disease, improve the quality of life, and increase the survival expectancy of patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bernardes-Ribeiro M, Patrone LGA, Cristina-Silva C, Bícego KC, Gargaglioni LH. Exercise derived myokine irisin as mediator of cardiorespiratory, metabolic and thermal adjustments during central and peripheral chemoreflex activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12262. [PMID: 38806563 PMCID: PMC11133352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise elicits physiological adaptations, including hyperpnea. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced hyperpnea remain unresolved. Skeletal muscle acts as a secretory organ, releasing irisin (IR) during exercise. Irisin can cross the blood-brain barrier, influencing muscle and tissue metabolism, as well as signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). We evaluated the effect of intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal injection of IR in adult male rats on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic function during sleep-wake cycle under room air, hypercapnia and hypoxia. Central IR injection caused an inhibition on ventilation (VE) during wakefulness under normoxia, while peripheral IR reduced VE during sleep. Additionally, central IR exacerbates hypercapnic hyperventilation by increasing VE and reducing oxygen consumption. As to cardiovascular regulation, central IR caused an increase in heart rate (HR) across all conditions, while no change was observed following peripheral administration. Finally, central IR attenuated the hypoxia-induced regulated hypothermia and increase sleep episodes, while peripheral IR augmented CO2-induced hypothermia, during wakefulness. Overall, our results suggest that IR act mostly on CNS exerting an inhibitory effect on breathing under resting conditions, while stimulating the hypercapnic ventilatory response and increasing HR. Therefore, IR seems not to be responsible for the exercise-induced hyperpnea, but contributes to the increase in HR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bernardes-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo A Patrone
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristina-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14870-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Onaka GM, de Carvalho MR, Onaka PK, Barbosa CM, Martinez PF, de Oliveira-Junior SA. Exercise, mTOR Activation, and Potential Impacts on the Liver in Rodents. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:362. [PMID: 38927242 PMCID: PMC11201249 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The literature offers a consensus on the association between exercise training (ET) protocols based on the adequate parameters of intensity and frequency, and several adaptive alterations in the liver. Indeed, regular ET can reverse glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, especially from aerobic modalities, which can decrease intrahepatic fat formation. In terms of molecular mechanisms, the regulation of hepatic fat formation would be directly related to the modulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which would be stimulated by insulin signaling and Akt activation, from the following three different primary signaling pathways: (I) growth factor, (II) energy/ATP-sensitive, and (III) amino acid-sensitive signaling pathways, respectively. Hyperactivation of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway induces lipogenesis by regulating the action of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1). Exercise training interventions have been associated with multiple metabolic and tissue benefits. However, it is worth highlighting that the mTOR signaling in the liver in response to exercise interventions remains unclear. Hepatic adaptive alterations seem to be most outstanding when sustained by chronic interventions or high-intensity exercise protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Moreto Onaka
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Marianna Rabelo de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Patricia Kubalaki Onaka
- Graduate Program in Education and Health, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Maria Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Paula Felippe Martinez
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Junior
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (G.M.O.); (P.F.M.)
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Wei C, Jin Y, Zhang J, Zhong P, Zhang D, Huang X. Time-resolved map of serum metabolome profiling in D-galactose-induced aging rats with exercise intervention. iScience 2024; 27:108999. [PMID: 38362265 PMCID: PMC10867647 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise, an intervention with wide-ranging effects on the whole body, has been shown to delay aging. Due to aging and exercise as modulator of metabolism, a picture of how exercise delayed D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging in a time-resolved manner was presented in this paper. The mapping of molecular changes in response to exercise has become increasingly accessible with the development of omics techniques. To explore the dynamic changes during exercise, the serum of rats and D-gal-induced aging rats before, during, and after exercise was analyzed by untargeted metabolomics. The variation of metabolites was monitored to reveal the specific response to D-gal-induced senescence and exercise in multiple pathways, especially the basal amino acid metabolism, including glycine serine and threonine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. The homeostasis was disturbed by D-gal and maintained by exercise. The paper was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the study of anti-aging exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Changling Wei
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Pei Zhong
- iCarbonX Diagnostics (Zhuhai) Company Limited, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 518110, China
| | - Deman Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu Y, Song G. Molecular origin and biological effects of exercise mimetics. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:73-85. [PMID: 38187084 PMCID: PMC10770624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of sports science and molecular biology technology, academia refers to molecules or microorganisms that mimic or enhance the beneficial effects of exercise on the body, called "exercise mimetics." This review aims to clarify the concept and development history of exercise mimetics, and to define the concept of exercise mimetics by summarizing its characteristics and functions. Candidate molecules and drug targets for exercise mimetics are summarized, and the relationship between exercise mimetics and exercise is explained, as well as the targeting system and function of exercise mimetics. The main targeting systems for exercise mimetics are the exercise system, circulatory system, endocrine system, endocrine system, and nervous system, while the immune system is potential targeting systems. Finally, future research directions for exercise mimetics are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhu
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hasanah U, Rejeki PS, Wungu CDK, Pranoto A, Izzatunnisa N, Rahmanto I, Halim S. High-intensity combination exercise has the highest effect on increasing serum irisin and interleukin 6 levels in women with obesity. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 35:71-78. [PMID: 38482824 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lifestyle, overnutrition, socioeconomic status, environmental conditions, and genetics are factors that cause obesity. Lifestyle modification with a nonpharmacological approach based on physical exercise is the starting point in overcoming obesity. However, physical exercise with the appropriate and effective intensity for obese subjects is still debated. Therefore, this study aims to prove the effect of intensity differences with aerobic-resistance combination exercise on increasing irisin and IL-6 levels in obese women. METHODS A total of 32 obese women were selected as subjects and administered the interventions of low-intensity combination exercise (Q2), moderate-intensity combination exercise (Q3), and high-intensity combination exercise (Q4). ELISA was used to measure irisin and IL-6 levels in all samples. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and Turkey's-Honest Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test. RESULTS The mean Δ IL-6 levels in the control groups (Q1), Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.27 ± 2.54, 2.07 ± 2.55, 5.99 ± 6.25, and 7.98 ± 2.82 pg/mL with (p=0.015). The mean Δ irisin levels were 0.06 ± 0.81 ng/mL in Q1, 0.59 ± 0.67 ng/mL in Q2, 1.99 ± 1.65 ng/mL in Q3, 4.63 ± 3.57 ng/mL in Q4 with (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study proved that all three types of combined exercise intensity increased myokine levels, such as irisin and IL-6. However, high-intensity combination exercise provided the most optimal improvement in myokine levels in obese women. Future studies are needed to design long-term exercise programs specifically for obese adolescent women using the findings from this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uswatun Hasanah
- Sports Health Science, 194160 Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Kedokteran , Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Purwo Sri Rejeki
- Department of Physiology, 194160 Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Kedokteran , Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, 194160 Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Kedokteran , Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, 194160 Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Kedokteran , Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Adi Pranoto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, 194160 Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Kedokteran , Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Nabilah Izzatunnisa
- Medical Program, 194160 Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Kedokteran , Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Ilham Rahmanto
- Medical Program, 194160 Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Kedokteran , Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Shariff Halim
- Clinical Research Centre, 54703 Management and Science University , Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Monsalve FA, Delgado-López F, Fernández-Tapia B, González DR. Adipose Tissue, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Physical Exercise: An Imperfect Triangle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17168. [PMID: 38138997 PMCID: PMC10743187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of adipose tissue has received considerable attention due to its importance not just in maintaining body energy homeostasis but also in playing a role in a number of other physiological processes. Beyond storing energy, adipose tissue is important in endocrine, immunological, and neuromodulatory functions, secreting hormones that participate in the regulation of energy homeostasis. An imbalance of these functions will generate structural and functional changes in the adipose tissue, favoring the secretion of deleterious adipocytokines that induce a pro-inflammatory state, allowing the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and even some types of cancer. A common theme worldwide has been the development of professional guidelines for the control and treatment of obesity, with emphasis on hypocaloric diets and exercise. The aim of this review is to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity, considering the relationship among adipose tissue and two aspects that contribute positively or negatively to keeping a healthy body homeostasis, namely, exercise and noninfectious diseases. We conclude that the relationship of these aspects does not have homogeneous effects among individuals. Nevertheless, it is possible to establish some common mechanisms, like a decrease in pro-inflammatory markers in the case of exercise, and an increase in chronic inflammation in non-communicable diseases. An accurate diagnosis might consider the particular variables of a patient, namely their molecular profile and how it affects its metabolism, routines, and lifestyle; their underling health conditions; and probably even the constitution of their microbiome. We foresee that the development and accessibility of omics approaches and precision medicine will greatly improve the diagnosis, treatment, and successful outcomes for obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A. Monsalve
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile;
| | - Fernando Delgado-López
- Laboratories of Biomedical Research, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
| | | | - Daniel R. González
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rousseau E, Raman R, Tamir T, Bu A, Srinivasan S, Lynch N, Langer R, White FM, Cima MJ. Actuated tissue engineered muscle grafts restore functional mobility after volumetric muscle loss. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122317. [PMID: 37717406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Damage that affects large volumes of skeletal muscle tissue can severely impact health, mobility, and quality-of-life. Efforts to restore muscle function by implanting tissue engineered muscle grafts at the site of damage have demonstrated limited restoration of force production. Various forms of mechanical and biochemical stimulation have been shown to have a potentially beneficial impact on graft maturation, vascularization, and innervation. However, these approaches yield unpredictable and incomplete recovery of functional mobility. Here we show that targeted actuation of implanted grafts, via non-invasive transcutaneous light stimulation of optogenetic engineered muscle, restores motor function to levels similar to healthy mice 2 weeks post-injury. Furthermore, we conduct phosphoproteomic analysis of actuated engineered muscle in vivo and in vitro to show that repeated muscle contraction alters signaling pathways that play key roles in skeletal muscle contractility, adaptation to injury, neurite growth, neuromuscular synapse formation, angiogenesis, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Our study uncovers changes in phosphorylation of several proteins previously unreported in the context of muscle contraction, revealing promising mechanisms for leveraging actuated muscle grafts to restore mobility after volumetric muscle loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Rousseau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ritu Raman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Tigist Tamir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Angel Bu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shriya Srinivasan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Naomi Lynch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Forest M White
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Cima
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seok JW, Lee J, Kim M, Kim MJ, Shin HY, Kim SW. Plasma Myokine Profiles in Patients With AChR- and MuSK-Ab-Positive Myasthenia Gravis. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:469-477. [PMID: 37455510 PMCID: PMC10471556 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myokines include cytokines secreted by muscle fibers, which are the final targets of myasthenia gravis (MG). This pilot study investigated whether myokine plasma concentrations are altered in patients with MG and assessed the association between the concentration of each myokine and disease severity. METHODS We compared the plasma concentrations of 15 myokines in 63 patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody (Ab)-positive MG and 14 with muscle-specific tyrosine kinase Ab-positive MG (MuSK MG) with those in 15 healthy controls. Plasma myokine concentrations were measured using a Luminex multiplex assay kit with magnetic beads that contained Abs for 15 myokines. Correlations between myokine concentration and clinical scale results were analyzed. RESULTS The concentration of fractalkine in plasma was higher in MG (median [interquartile range]=419.6 [38.7-732.5] pg/mL) than in controls (158.5 [0.0-313.2] pg/mL, p=0.034). The leukemia inhibitory factor concentration was also found to be higher in MuSK MG (29.9 [8.7-40.1] pg/mL) than in healthy controls (7.6 [0.0-15.6] pg/mL, p=0.013). Fatty-acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) concentrations in plasma were positively associated with clinical parameters for MG severity, including scores on the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score (p=0.008), Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (p=0.003), and Myasthenia Gravis Composite (p=0.024) scales. FABP3 concentration in plasma tended to decrease after treatment in patients without additional relapse but increased in those with further relapse. CONCLUSIONS The plasma myokine profile was significantly altered in patients with MG. FABP3 concentration may be useful in assessing disease severity and predicting the treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Woon Seok
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinny Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - MinGi Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abbadessa G, Maniscalco E, Grasso L, Popara J, Di Scipio F, Franco F, Mancardi D, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Berta GN, Racca S. Metformin Protects Rat Skeletal Muscle from Physical Exercise-Induced Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2334. [PMID: 37760776 PMCID: PMC10525561 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (Met) is a drug commonly prescribed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its efficacy is due to the suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhancement of peripheral glucose uptake and lower glucose absorption by the intestine. Recent studies have reported Met efficacy in other clinical applications, such as age-related diseases. Despite the wide clinical use of Met, its mechanism of action on muscle and its effect on muscle performance are unclear. We investigated the effects of Met combined with training on physical performance (PP) in healthy rats receiving Met for 8 weeks while undergoing daily moderate exercise. We evaluated the following: PP through graded endurance exercise test performed before the beginning of the training protocol and 48 h before the end of the training period; blood ALT, AST, LDH and CK-MB levels in order to address muscle damage; and several blood and muscle myokines and the expression of factors believed to be involved in muscle adaptation to exercise. Our data demonstrate that Met does not improve the positive effects of exercise on performance, although it protects myocytes from exercise-induced damage. Moreover, given that Met positively affects exercise-induced muscle adaptation, our data support the idea of the therapeutic application of Met when muscle function and structure are compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Abbadessa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Eleonora Maniscalco
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Loredana Grasso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Jasmin Popara
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Federica Di Scipio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Francesco Franco
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Daniele Mancardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Giovanni Nicolao Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Silvia Racca
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han X, Ashraf M, Tipparaju SM, Xuan W. Muscle-Brain crosstalk in cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1221653. [PMID: 37577356 PMCID: PMC10413125 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1221653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related, involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly adults. To date, no effective cures for sarcopenia and AD are available. Physical and cognitive impairments are two major causes of disability in the elderly population, which severely decrease their quality of life and increase their economic burden. Clinically, sarcopenia is strongly associated with AD. However, the underlying factors for this association remain unknown. Mechanistic studies on muscle-brain crosstalk during cognitive impairment might shed light on new insights and novel therapeutic approaches for combating cognitive decline and AD. In this review, we summarize the latest studies emphasizing the association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. The underlying mechanisms involved in muscle-brain crosstalk and the potential implications of such crosstalk are discussed. Finally, future directions for drug development to improve age-related cognitive impairment and AD-related cognitive dysfunction are also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wanling Xuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arjunan A, Song J. Pharmacological and physiological roles of adipokines and myokines in metabolic-related dementia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114847. [PMID: 37150030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a detrimental neuropathologic condition with considerable physical, mental, social, and financial impact on patients and society. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a group of diseases that occur in tandem and increase the risk of neurologic diseases, have a higher risk of dementia. The ratio between muscle and adipose tissue is crucial in MetS, as these contain many hormones, including myokines and adipokines, which are involved in crosstalk and local paracrine/autocrine interactions. Evidence suggests that abnormal adipokine and myokine synthesis and release may be implicated in various MetS, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia, but their precise role is unclear. Here we review the literature on adipokine and myokine involvement in MetS-induced dementia via glucose and insulin homeostasis regulation, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, emotional changes, and cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Arjunan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van Meijel RLJ, Vliex LMM, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Al-Hasani H, Blaak EE, Goossens GH. The impact of mild hypoxia exposure on myokine secretion in human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:520-527. [PMID: 36997723 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Compelling evidence indicates that myokines act in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner to alter metabolic homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in myokine secretion remain to be elucidated. Since exercise acutely decreases oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in skeletal muscle (SM), the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that (1) hypoxia exposure impacts myokine secretion in primary human myotubes and (2) exposure to mild hypoxia in vivo alters fasting and postprandial plasma myokine concentrations in humans. METHODS Differentiated primary human myotubes were exposed to different physiological pO2 levels for 24 h, and cell culture medium was harvested to determine myokine secretion. Furthermore, we performed a randomized single-blind crossover trial to investigate the impact of mild intermittent hypoxia exposure (MIH: 7-day exposure to 15% O2, 3x2h/day vs. normoxia: 21% O2) on in vivo SM pO2 and plasma myokine concentrations in 12 individuals with overweight and obesity (body-mass index ≥ 28 kg/m2). RESULTS Hypoxia exposure (1% O2) increased secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC, p = 0.043) and follistatin like 1 (FSTL1, p = 0.021), and reduced leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) secretion (p = 0.009) compared to 3% O2 in primary human myotubes. In addition, 1% O2 exposure increased interleukin-6 (IL-6, p = 0.004) and SPARC secretion (p = 0.021), whilst reducing fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) secretion (p = 0.021) compared to 21% O2. MIH exposure in vivo markedly decreased SM pO2 (≈40%, p = 0.002) but did not alter plasma myokine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia exposure altered the secretion of several myokines in primary human myotubes, revealing hypoxia as a novel modulator of myokine secretion. However, both acute and 7-day MIH exposure did not induce alterations in plasma myokine concentrations in individuals with overweight and obesity. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER This study is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NL7120/NTR7325).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rens L J van Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars M M Vliex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Duesseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Duesseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Duesseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahmad IH, Mohamed Mostafa ER, Mohammed SA, Shipl W, Soliman AA, Said M. Correlations between serum testosterone and irisin levels in a sample of Egyptian men with metabolic syndrome; (case-control study). Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:180-185. [PMID: 32880474 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1808018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in men is a common problem. Several studies highlight that testosterone deficiency is associated with metabolic disorders that may be explained by "myokines". Irisin is an adipo-myokine that has beneficial metabolic effects. AIM To evaluate serum testosterone in a sample of Egyptian men with MetS diagnosed by NCEP ATP III, and correlate it with serum irisin level. METHODS A total of 90 men (60 with MetS and 30 healthy age-matched controls) participated in the study. Testosterone level is estimated by an automated system, Irisin level was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Circulating irisin was positively correlated with serum testosterone and was significantly lower in patients with MetS. CONCLUSION This study highlights the effect of serum testosterone on irisin formation from skeletal muscle. Recommendations; treatments of MetS may include testosterone supplementation. Further studies are needed to elucidate this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inass Hassan Ahmad
- Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Walaa Shipl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Ahmed Soliman
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Said
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fang P, She Y, Yu M, Min W, Shang W, Zhang Z. Adipose-Muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic disorders: The emerging roles of adipo-myokines. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101829. [PMID: 36563906 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes account for a considerable proportion of the global burden of age-related metabolic diseases. In age-related metabolic diseases, tissue crosstalk and metabolic regulation have been primarily linked to endocrine processes. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are endocrine organs that release myokines and adipokines into the bloodstream, respectively. These cytokines regulate metabolic responses in a variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic diseases are not fully understood. Recent exciting evidence suggests that myokines act to control adipose tissue functions, including lipolysis, browning, and inflammation, whereas adipokines mediate the beneficial actions of adipose tissue in the muscle, such as glucose uptake and metabolism. In this review, we assess the mechanisms of adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related disorders and propose that the adipokines adiponectin and spexin, as well as the myokines irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are crucial for maintaining the body's metabolic balance in age-related metabolic disorders. In addition, these changes of adipose-muscle crosstalk in response to exercise or dietary flavonoid consumption are part of the mechanisms of both functions in the remission of age-related metabolic disorders. A better understanding of the intricate relationships between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle could lead to more potent therapeutic approaches to prolong life and prevent age-related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Min
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ragland TJ, Heiston EM, Ballantyne A, Stewart NR, La Salvia S, Musante L, Luse MA, Isakson BE, Erdbrügger U, Malin SK. Extracellular vesicles and insulin-mediated vascular function in metabolic syndrome. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15530. [PMID: 36597186 PMCID: PMC9810789 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) raises cardiovascular disease risk. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of insulin sensitivity, although few studies on vascular function exist in humans. We determined the effect of insulin on EVs in relation to vascular function. Adults with MetS (n = 51, n = 9 M, 54.8 ± 1.0 years, 36.4 ± 0.7 kg/m2 , ATPIII: 3.5 ± 0.1 a.u., VO2 max: 22.1 ± 0.6 ml/kg/min) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (M-value) was determined during a euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2 /min, 90 mg/dl), and blood was collected for EVs (CD105+, CD45+, CD41+, TX+, and CD31+; spectral flow cytometry), inflammation, insulin, and substrates. Central hemodynamics (applanation tonometry) was determined at 0 and 120 min via aortic waveforms. Pressure myography was used to assess insulin-induced arterial vasodilation from mouse 3rd order mesenteric arteries (100-200 μm in diameter) at 0.2, 2 and 20 nM of insulin with EVs from healthy and MetS adults. Adults with MetS had low peripheral insulin sensitivity (2.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg/min) and high HOMA-IR (4.7 ± 0.4 a.u.) plus Adipose-IR (13.0 ± 1.3 a.u.). Insulin decreased total/particle counts (p < 0.001), CD45+ EVs (p = 0.002), AIx75 (p = 0.005) and Pb (p = 0.04), FFA (p < 0.001), total adiponectin (p = 0.006), ICAM (p = 0.002), and VCAM (p = 0.03). Higher M-value related to lower fasted total EVs (r = -0.40, p = 0.004) while higher Adipose-IR associated with higher fasted EVs (r = 0.42, p = 0.004) independent of VAT. Fasting CD105+ and CD45+ derived total EVs correlated with fasting AIx75 (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and Pb (r = 0.30, p < 0.05). EVs from MetS participants blunted insulin-induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries compared with increases from healthy controls across insulin doses (all p < 0.005). These data highlight EVs as potentially novel mediators of vascular insulin sensitivity and disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J. Ragland
- Department of Kinesiology & HealthRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Emily M. Heiston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Anna Ballantyne
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Nathan R. Stewart
- Department of Kinesiology & HealthRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Luca Musante
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Melissa A. Luse
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology & HealthRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & NutritionDepartment of MedicineNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
- The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and HealthRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and ScienceRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Domin R, Pytka M, Niziński J, Żołyński M, Zybek-Kocik A, Wrotkowska E, Zieliński J, Guzik P, Ruchała M. ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1-A Novel Marker of Cellular Fitness and Exercise Capacity? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15303. [PMID: 36499630 PMCID: PMC9741029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ATPase inhibitory factor 1 is a myokine inhibiting the hydrolytic activity of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase and ecto-F1-ATPase on the surface of many cells. IF1 affects ATP metabolism in mitochondria and the extracellular space and upregulates glucose uptake in myocytes; these processes are essential in physical activity. It is unknown whether the IF1 serum concentration is associated with exercise capacity. This study explored the association between resting IF1 serum concentration and exercise capacity indices in healthy people. IF1 serum concentration was measured in samples collected at rest in 97 healthy amateur cyclists. Exercise capacity was assessed on a bike ergometer at the successive stages of the progressive cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). IF1 serum concentration was negatively and significantly correlated with oxygen consumption, oxygen pulse, and load at various CPET stages. A better exercise capacity was associated with lower circulating IF1. IF1 may reflect better cellular/mitochondrial energetic fitness, but there is uncertainty regarding how IF1 is released into the intravascular space. We speculate that lower IF1 concentration may reflect a better cellular/mitochondrial integrity, as this protein is bound more strongly with ATPases in mitochondria and cellular surfaces in people with higher exercise capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Domin
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Pytka
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Niziński
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Żołyński
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ariadna Zybek-Kocik
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- University Centre for Sport and Medical Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-802 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gries KJ, Hart CR, Kunz HE, Ryan Z, Zhang X, Parvizi M, Liu Y, Dasari S, Lanza I. Acute responsiveness to single leg cycling in adults with obesity. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15539. [PMID: 36541258 PMCID: PMC9768637 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with several skeletal muscle impairments which can be improved through an aerobic exercise prescription. The possibility that exercise responsiveness is diminished in people with obesity has been suggested but not well-studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate how obesity influences acute exercise responsiveness in skeletal muscle and circulating amino metabolites. Non-obese (NO; n = 19; 10F/9M; BMI = 25.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2 ) and Obese (O; n = 21; 14F/7M; BMI = 37.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2 ) adults performed 30 min of single-leg cycling at 70% of VO2 peak. 13 C6 -Phenylalanine was administered intravenously for muscle protein synthesis measurements. Serial muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were collected before exercise and 3.5- and 6.5-h post-exercise to measure protein synthesis and gene expression. Targeted plasma metabolomics was used to quantitate amino metabolites before and 30 and 90 min after exercise. The exercise-induced fold change in mixed muscle protein synthesis trended (p = 0.058) higher in NO (1.28 ± 0.54-fold) compared to O (0.95 ± 0.42-fold) and was inversely related to BMI (R2 = 0.140, p = 0.027). RNA sequencing revealed 331 and 280 genes that were differentially expressed after exercise in NO and O, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis showed O had six blunted pathways related to metabolism, cell to cell communication, and protein turnover after exercise. The circulating amine response further highlighted dysregulations related to protein synthesis and metabolism in adults with obesity at the basal state and in response to the exercise bout. Collectively, these data highlight several unique pathways in individuals with obesity that resulted in a modestly blunted exercise response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Gries
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health ProfessionsConcordia University of WisconsinMequonWisconsinUSA
| | - Corey R. Hart
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson Air Force BaseDaytonOhioUSA
| | - Hawley E. Kunz
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Zachary Ryan
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of GeriatricsShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Mojtaba Parvizi
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Al-thepyani M, Algarni S, Gashlan H, Elzubier M, Baz L. Evaluation of the Anti-Obesity Effect of Zeaxanthin and Exercise in HFD-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234944. [PMID: 36500974 PMCID: PMC9737220 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with many health problems. One of the new trends in health care is the emphasis on regular exercise and a healthy diet. Zeaxanthin (Zea) is a carotenoid with many beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of Zea and exercise had therapeutic effects on obesity induced by an HFD in rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of twelve: rats fed a standard diet; rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD); rats fed an HFD with Zea; rats fed an HFD with Exc; and rats fed an HFD with both Zea and Exc. To induce obesity, rats were fed an HFD for twelve weeks. Then, Zea and exercise were introduced with the HFD for five weeks. The results showed that the HFD significantly increased visceral adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers and reduced insulin, high-density lipoprotein, and antioxidant parameters. Treatments with Zea, Exc, and Zea plus Exc reduced body weight gain, triacylglycerol, glucose, total cholesterol, and nitric oxide levels and significantly increased catalase and insulin compared with the HFD group. This study demonstrated that Zea administration and Exc performance appeared to effectively alleviate the metabolic alterations induced by an HFD. Furthermore, Zea and Exc together had a better effect than either intervention alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Al-thepyani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha Algarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Gashlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Baz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aktitiz S, Atakan MM, Turnagöl HH, Koşar ŞN. Interleukin-6, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to single and repeated sessions of high-intensity interval exercise. Peptides 2022; 157:170864. [PMID: 36028073 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a single session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with 2 consecutive HIIEs, separated by 3 h of recovery, on plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) responses. METHODS Twenty male recreational endurance athletes completed two HIIE trials in a randomized crossover design: a single session of HIIE on the single exercise day (HIIE-S) and two sessions of HIIE 3 h apart on the double exercise day (HIIE-D). The HIIE protocol consisted of 10 × 1 min cycling at 100 % of peak oxygen uptake, with 75 s of low-intensity cycling at 60 W. Blood samples were collected to analyze IL-6, ucOC, and BDNF levels before and immediately after HIIE on the HIIE-S and before and immediately after the second HIIE on the HIIE-D. RESULTS Both HIIE interventions significantly increased (p < 0.001) plasma IL-6 (HIIE-S 33.90 % vs HIIE-D 31.04 %; p = 0.64), ucOC (HIIE-S 37.18 % vs HIIE-D 39.54 %; p = 0.85), and BDNF levels (HIIE-S 236.01 % vs HIIE-D 216.68 %; p = 0.69), with no group effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that performing two consecutive HIIEs on the same day with a 3-h rest results in similar changes in plasma levels of IL-6, BDNF, and ucOC compared with a single session of HIIE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selin Aktitiz
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin H Turnagöl
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Şükran N Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Prado GHJD, Sardeli AV, Lord JM, Cavaglieri CR. The effects of ageing, BMI and physical activity on blood IL-15 levels: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111933. [PMID: 36007720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to test the effect of ageing, BMI, physical activity and chronic exercise on IL-15 blood concentration by meta-analyses of the literature. METHODS The search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase and Cochrane databases. First meta-analysis compared blood IL-15 of healthy adults across three age groups (<35 years, 35-65 years, and >65 years), considering BMI as confounding factor; the second compared IL-15 levels between physically active and non-physically active individuals (cross-sectional studies); and the third tested the effect of chronic exercise interventions on blood IL-15 levels on participants of any age, sex, and health condition. RESULTS From 2582 studies retrieved, 67 were selected for the three meta-analyses (age effect: 59; physical activity cross-sectional effect: 5; chronic exercise effect: 14). Older adults had lower blood IL-15 than young and middle-aged adults (5.30 pg/ml [4.76; 5.83]; 7.11 pg/ml [6.33; 7.88]; 7.10 pg/ml [5.55; 8.65], respectively). However, the subgroup of overweight older adults had higher IL-15 than young and middle aged overweight adults; Habitual physical activity did not affect blood IL-15 (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.61 [-0.65; 1.88], p = 0.34); Chronic exercise reduced blood IL-15 in short-term interventions (<16 weeks) (SMD -0.14 [-0.27; -0.01], p = 0.04), but not studies of >16 weeks of intervention (SMD 0.44 [-0.26; 1.15], p = 0.22). CONCLUSION The present meta-analyses highlight the complex interaction of age, BMI and physical activity on blood IL-15 and emphasize the need to take these factors into account when considering the role of this myokine in health throughout life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Veiga Sardeli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Janet Mary Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lim G, Lee H, Lim Y. Potential Effects of Resistant Exercise on Cognitive and Muscle Functions Mediated by Myokines in Sarcopenic Obese Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102529. [PMID: 36289794 PMCID: PMC9599854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been demonstrated that in sarcopenic obesity (SO), physical activity could improve cognitive functions. Moreover, previous studies suggested that muscle contraction could influence cognitive function via myokines. This study investigated the potential effects of resistant exercise on cognitive and muscle functions in SO. SO was induced by a high-fat diet treatment for 8 weeks in 8-month-old male C57BL/6J mice. Then, resistant exercise (ladder climbing) for 8 weeks was performed. Muscle and cognitive function tests and morphological analysis were conducted. The protein levels of myokines were investigated in muscle, plasma, and the hippocampus in sarcopenic obese mice. Muscle and cognitive functions were significantly elevated in the obesity-exercise group (EX) compared to the obesity-control group (OB). Interestingly, muscle function was positively correlated with cognitive function. Abnormal morphological changes in the hippocampus were ameliorated in EX compared to OB, but not in the muscle. Protein levels of cognitive function-related myokines and energy metabolism-related markers in EX were significantly elevated in both muscle and hippocampus compared to those in OB. Interestingly, the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in EX was simultaneously increased in all tissues including muscle, plasma, and hippocampus compared to that in OB. In conclusion, modulation of muscle-derived cognitive function-related myokines in various pathological conditions via a resistant exercise could be a possible way of relieving muscle and cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ghosh AC, Hu Y, Tattikota SG, Liu Y, Comjean A, Perrimon N. Modeling exercise using optogenetically contractible Drosophila larvae. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:623. [PMID: 36042416 PMCID: PMC9425970 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological effects of a number of metabolic and age-related disorders can be prevented to some extent by exercise and increased physical activity. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of muscle activity remain poorly explored. Availability of a fast, inexpensive, and genetically tractable model system for muscle activity and exercise will allow the rapid identification and characterization of molecular mechanisms that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Here, we report the development and characterization of an optogenetically-inducible muscle contraction (OMC) model in Drosophila larvae that we used to study acute exercise-like physiological responses. To characterize muscle-specific transcriptional responses to acute exercise, we performed bulk mRNA-sequencing, revealing striking similarities between acute exercise-induced genes in flies and those previously identified in humans. Our larval muscle contraction model opens a path for rapid identification and characterization of exercise-induced factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan C Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Reddy I, Yadav Y, Dey CS. Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Exercise—A Neuronal Perspective. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1551-1571. [PMID: 35986789 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise on the proper functioning of the body have been firmly established. Multi-systemic metabolic regulation of exercise is the consequence of multitudinous changes that occur at the cellular level. The exercise responsome comprises all molecular entities including exerkines, miRNA species, growth factors, signaling proteins that are elevated and activated by physical exercise. Exerkines are secretory molecules released by organs such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and gut as a function of acute/chronic exercise. Exerkines such as FNDC5/irisin, Cathepsin B, Adiponectin, and IL-6 circulate through the bloodstream, cross the blood-brain barrier, and modulate the expression of important signaling molecules such as AMPK, SIRT1, PGC1α, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF which further contribute to improved energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and overall well-being of the body and brain. These molecules are also responsible for neuroprotective adaptations that exercise confers on the brain and potentially ameliorate neurodegeneration. This review aims to detail important cellular and molecular species that directly or indirectly mediate exercise-induced benefits in the body, with an emphasis on the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishitha Reddy
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Yamini Yadav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ning K, Wang Z, Zhang XA. Exercise-induced modulation of myokine irisin in bone and cartilage tissue—Positive effects on osteoarthritis: A narrative review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:934406. [PMID: 36062149 PMCID: PMC9439853 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disease characterized by pathological changes in joint structures along with the incidence of which increases with age. Exercise is recommended for all clinical treatment guidelines of osteoarthritis, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Irisin is a newly discovered myokine released mainly by skeletal muscle in recent years—a biologically active protein capable of being released into the bloodstream as an endocrine factor, the synthesis and secretion of which is specifically induced by exercise-induced muscle contraction. Although the discovery of irisin is relatively recent, its role in affecting bone density and cartilage homeostasis has been reported. Here, we review the production and structural characteristics of irisin and discuss the effects of the different types of exercise involved in the current study on irisin and the role of irisin in anti-aging. In addition, the role of irisin in the regulation of bone mineral density, bone metabolism, and its role in chondrocyte homeostasis and metabolism is reviewed. A series of studies on irisin have provided new insights into the mechanisms of exercise training in improving bone density, resisting cartilage degeneration, and maintaining the overall environmental homeostasis of the joint. These studies further contribute to the understanding of the role of exercise in the fight against osteoarthritis and will provide an important reference and aid in the development of the field of osteoarthritis prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Conkright WR, Beckner ME, Sahu A, Mi Q, Clemens ZJ, Lovalekar M, Flanagan SD, Martin BJ, Ferrarelli F, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. Men and women display distinct extracellular vesicle biomarker signatures in response to military operational stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1125-1136. [PMID: 35297690 PMCID: PMC9054257 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00664.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of physiological changes that occur during physical exertion. This study examined the effects of physical exertion with and without sleep and caloric restriction on EV size, concentration, and surface proteins in men and women. Twenty participants (10 men) completed a 5-day simulated military operational stress protocol with daily physical exertion. Blood was drawn before and immediately after exertion at baseline (D1) and following 48-h of sleep and caloric restriction (D3). EV size and concentration were assessed using nanoparticle tracking analysis. EVs were identified with markers associated with exosomes (CD63), microvesicles (VAMP3), apoptotic bodies (THSD1), and skeletal muscle-derived EVs (SGCA) and quantified using imaging flow cytometry. Interactive and main effects of sex, day, and time on EVs were assessed using three-way ANOVAs. EV concentration declined pre to postexertion in women on D1 and D3 but was stable in men. EV size increased from pre to postexertion and from D1 to D3 in men and women. Physical exertion following sleep and caloric restriction increased CD63+ EV concentration, proportion of total EVs, and CD63 surface protein expression regardless of sex. The proportion of SGCA+ EVs increased in men and women following exertion and from D1 to D3 but was higher in women than in men. No differences were observed in VAMP3+ and THSD1+ EVs. This study identified sexually dimorphic EV profiles in response to various stressors. Further investigations are necessary to determine if dimorphic EV responses affect health and performance outcomes during stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex is understudied in EV research, and most studies limit EV analysis to single stress conditions such as exercise. Multistress conditions consisting of physical exertion and sleep and caloric restriction are common in real-world settings. We demonstrate that physical exertion results in sex-specific EV signatures and that EV profiles vary according to single versus multistress conditions. Our data highlight important biological and ecological characteristics that should be considered in EV research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amrita Sahu
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qi Mi
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary J Clemens
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mita Lovalekar
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Role of Obesity, Physical Exercise, Adipose Tissue-Skeletal Muscle Crosstalk and Molecular Advances in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073942. [PMID: 35409299 PMCID: PMC8999972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) rates have increased sharply in the United States and Western Europe in recent years. EAC is a classic example of obesity-related cancer where the risk of EAC increases with increasing body mass index. Pathologically altered visceral fat in obesity appears to play a key role in this process. Visceral obesity may promote EAC by directly affecting gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus (BE), as well as a less reflux-dependent effect, including the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines and insulin resistance. Deregulation of adipokine production, such as the shift to an increased amount of leptin relative to “protective” adiponectin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC. This review discusses not only the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity in BE and EAC, but also molecular alterations at the level of mRNA and proteins associated with these esophageal pathologies and the potential role of adipokines and myokines in these disorders. Particular attention is given to discussing the possible crosstalk of adipokines and myokines during exercise. It is concluded that lifestyle interventions to increase regular physical activity could be helpful as a promising strategy for preventing the development of BE and EAC.
Collapse
|
31
|
de Sousa Neto IV, da Cunha Nascimento D, Prestes J, da Fonseca EF, Celes RS, Rolnick N, de Sousa Barbalho YG, Silva ADO, Stival MM, de Lima LR, Funghetto SS. Initial Muscle Quality Affects Individual Responsiveness of Interleukin-6 and Creatine Kinase following Acute Eccentric Exercise in Sedentary Obese Older Women. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040537. [PMID: 35453736 PMCID: PMC9026080 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the time course and responsiveness of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and creatine kinase (CK) levels following acute eccentric resistance exercise in sedentary obese older women with a different muscle quality index (MQI). Eighty-eight participants (69.4 ± 6.06 years) completed an acute eccentric resistance exercise (7 sets of 10 repetitions at 110% of 10-repetition maximum with 3 min rest interval). Participants were divided into two groups: high or low MQI according to 50th percentile cut-off. The responsiveness was based on minimal clinical important difference. There were no differences between groups and time on IL-6 and CK levels (p > 0.05). However, the high MQI group displayed a lower proportion of low responders (1 for laboratory and 2 for field-based vs. 5 and 4) and a higher proportion of high responders for IL-6 (7 for laboratory and 6 for field-based vs. 4 and 5) compared to low MQI group. In addition, the high MQI group showed a higher proportion of high responders for CK (11 for laboratory and 9 for field-based vs. 6 and 6) compared to low MQI. A prior MQI screening can provide feedback to understand the magnitude response. Individual responsiveness should be taken into consideration for maximizing eccentric exercise prescription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (Y.G.d.S.B.); (M.M.S.); (S.S.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.d.C.N.); (J.P.); (E.F.d.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.d.C.N.); (J.P.); (E.F.d.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Eduardo Fernandes da Fonseca
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.d.C.N.); (J.P.); (E.F.d.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Souza Celes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (D.d.C.N.); (J.P.); (E.F.d.F.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Nicholas Rolnick
- The Human Performance Mechanic, Lehman College, New York, NY 10468, USA;
| | - Yuri Gustavo de Sousa Barbalho
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (Y.G.d.S.B.); (M.M.S.); (S.S.F.)
| | | | - Marina Morato Stival
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (Y.G.d.S.B.); (M.M.S.); (S.S.F.)
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Luciano Ramos de Lima
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Silvana Schwerz Funghetto
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (Y.G.d.S.B.); (M.M.S.); (S.S.F.)
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Myokines and Resistance Training: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073501. [PMID: 35408868 PMCID: PMC8998961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the muscular system has gained attention due to the discovery of the muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines, described as myokines, released by the working muscle, are involved in anti-inflammatory, metabolic and immunological processes. These are able to influence human health in a positive way and are a target of research in metabolic diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, and other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, different types of exercise training were investigated in the last few years to find associations between exercise, myokines and their effects on human health. Particularly, resistance training turned out to be a powerful stimulus to enhance myokine release. As there are different types of resistance training, different myokines are stimulated, depending on the mode of training. This narrative review gives an overview about resistance training and how it can be utilized to stimulate myokine production in order to gain a certain health effect. Finally, the question of why resistance training is an important key regulator in human health will be discussed.
Collapse
|
33
|
Domaszewska K, Boraczyński M, Tang YY, Gronek J, Wochna K, Boraczyński T, Wieliński D, Gronek P. Protective Effects of Exercise Become Especially Important for the Aging Immune System in The Covid-19 Era. Aging Dis 2022; 13:129-143. [PMID: 35111366 PMCID: PMC8782560 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex, multietiological process and a major risk factor for most non-genetic, chronic diseases including geriatric syndromes that negatively affect healthspan and longevity. In the scenario of "healthy or good aging", especially during the COVID-19 era, the proper implementation of exercise as "adjuvant" or "polypill" to improve disease-related symptoms and comorbidities in the general population is a top priority. However, there is still a gap concerning studies analyzing influence of exercise training to immune system in older people. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a brief summary of well-established findings in exercise immunology and immunogerontology, but with a focus on the main exercise-induced mechanisms associated with aging of the immune system (immunosenescence). The scientific data strongly supports the notion that regular exercise as a low-cost and non-pharmacological treatment approach, when adjusted on an individual basis in elderly, induce multiple rejuvenating mechanisms: (1) affects the telomere-length dynamics (a "telo-protective" effect), (2) promote short- and long-term anti-inflammatory effects (via e.g., triggering the anti-inflammatory phenotype), 3) stimulates the adaptive immune system (e.g., helps to offset diminished adaptive responses) and in parallel inhibits the accelerated immunosenescence process, (4) increases post-vaccination immune responses, and (5) possibly extends both healthspan and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Domaszewska
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Michał Boraczyński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, USA.
| | - Joanna Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Dance and Gymnastics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Krystian Wochna
- Laboratory of Swimming and Water Lifesaving, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Wieliński
- Department of Anthropology and Biometry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Dance and Gymnastics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rong L, Zou J, Ran W, Qi X, Chen Y, Cui H, Guo J. Advancements in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1087260. [PMID: 36726464 PMCID: PMC9884828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1087260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a series of diseases, involving excessive lipid deposition in the liver and is often accompanied by obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, abnormal blood pressure, and other metabolic disorders. In order to more accurately reflect its pathogenesis, an international consensus renamed NAFLD in 2020 as metabolic (dysfunction) associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The changes in diet and lifestyle are recognized the non-drug treatment strategies; however, due to the complex pathogenesis of NAFLD, the current drug therapies are mainly focused on its pathogenic factors, key links of pathogenesis, and related metabolic disorders as targets. There is still a lack of specific drugs. In clinical studies, the common NAFLD treatments include the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism to protect the liver and anti-inflammation. The NAFLD treatments based on the enterohepatic axis, targeting gut microbiota, are gradually emerging, and various new metabolism-regulating drugs are also under clinical development. Therefore, this review article has comprehensively discussed the research advancements in NAFLD treatment in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyan Zou
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Public Health Hospital Affiliated to Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ran
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Public Health Hospital Affiliated to Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Qi
- Department of General surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Public Health Hospital Affiliated to Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjun Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Physical exercise can be effective in preventing or ameliorating various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, not everyone may be able to participate in exercise due to illnesses, age-related frailty, or difficulty in long-term behavior change. An alternative option is to utilize pharmacological interventions that mimic the positive effects of exercise training. Recent studies have identified signaling pathways associated with the benefits of physical activity and discovered exercise mimetics that can partially simulate the systemic impact of exercise. This review describes the molecular targets for exercise mimetics and their effect on skeletal muscle and other tissues. We will also discuss the potential advantages of using natural products as a multi-targeting agent for mimicking the health-promoting effects of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jee YS. Exercise-induced myokines for cancer patients: 7th in a series of scientific evidence. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:293-294. [PMID: 34805016 PMCID: PMC8566103 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142560.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Haemimyeon, Seosan 31962, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Doolittle ML, Monroe DG, Farr JN, Khosla S. The role of senolytics in osteoporosis and other skeletal pathologies. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111565. [PMID: 34499959 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal system undergoes irreversible structural deterioration with aging, leading to increased fracture risk and detrimental changes in mobility, posture, and gait. This state of low bone mass and microarchitectural changes, diagnosed as osteoporosis, affects millions of individuals worldwide and has high clinical and economic burdens. Recently, pre-clinical studies have linked the onset of age-related bone loss with an accumulation of senescent cells in the bone microenvironment. These senescent cells appear to be causal to age-related bone loss, as targeted clearance of these cells leads to improved bone mass and microarchitecture in old mice. Additionally, other pathologies leading to bone loss that result from DNA damage, such as cancer treatments, have shown improvements after clearance of senescent cells. The development of new therapies that clear senescent cells, termed "senolytics", is currently underway and may allow for the modulation of bone loss that results from states of high senescent cell burden, such as aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Doolittle
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - David G Monroe
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
So HK, Kim S, Kang JS, Lee SJ. Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases and Inflammation in Muscle Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712389. [PMID: 34489731 PMCID: PMC8416770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a post-translational modification of both histone and non-histone substrates related to diverse biological processes. PRMTs appear to be critical regulators in skeletal muscle physiology, including regeneration, metabolic homeostasis, and plasticity. Chronic inflammation is commonly associated with the decline of skeletal muscle mass and strength related to aging or chronic diseases, defined as sarcopenia. In turn, declined skeletal muscle mass and strength can exacerbate chronic inflammation. Thus, understanding the molecular regulatory pathway underlying the crosstalk between skeletal muscle function and inflammation might be essential for the intervention of muscle pathophysiology. In this review, we will address the current knowledge on the role of PRMTs in skeletal muscle physiology and pathophysiology with a specific emphasis on its relationship with inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung So
- Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Aging-Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sunghee Kim
- Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Aging-Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Role of Irisin in Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082103. [PMID: 34440871 PMCID: PMC8392379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine derived from the cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5. Irisin regulates mitochondrial energy, glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and fat browning. Skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes produce irisin and affect various cardiovascular functions. In the early phase of acute myocardial infarction, an increasing irisin level can reduce endothelial damage by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. By contrast, higher levels of irisin in the later phase of myocardial infarction are associated with more cardiovascular events. During different stages of heart failure, irisin has various influences on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, metabolic imbalance, energy expenditure, and heart failure prognosis. Irisin affects blood pressure and controls hypertension through modulating vasodilatation. Moreover, irisin can enhance vasoconstriction via the hypothalamus. Because of these dual effects of irisin on cardiovascular physiology, irisin can be a critical therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the complex functions of irisin in myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
|
40
|
M Onorato A, Fiore E, Bayo J, Casali C, Fernandez-Tomé M, Rodríguez M, Domínguez L, Argemi J, Hidalgo F, Favre C, García M, Atorrasagasti C, Mazzolini GD. SPARC inhibition accelerates NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma development by dysregulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Liver Int 2021; 41:1677-1693. [PMID: 33641248 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and its more serious form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lipid metabolic alterations and its role in HCC development remain unclear. SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is involved in lipid metabolism, NAFLD and diabetes, but the effects on hepatic lipid metabolism and HCC development is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of SPARC in HCC development in the context of NAFLD. METHODS Primary hepatocyte cultures from knockout (SPARC-/- ) or wild-type (SPARC+/+ ) mice, and HepG2 cells were used to assess the effects of free fatty acids on lipid accumulation, expression of lipogenic genes and de novo triglyceride (TG) synthesis. A NAFLD-HCC model was stabilized on SPARC-/- or SPARC+/+ mice. Correlations among SPARC, lipid metabolism-related gene expression patterns and clinical prognosis were studied using HCC gene expression dataset. RESULTS SPARC-/- mice increases hepatic lipid deposits over time. Hepatocytes from SPARC-/- mice or inhibition of SPARC by an antisense adenovirus in HepG2 cells resulted in increased TG deposit, expression of lipid-related genes and nuclear translocation of SREBP1c. Human HCC database analysis revealed that SPARC negatively correlated with genes involved in lipid metabolism, and with poor survival. In NAFLD-HCC murine model, the absence of SPARC accelerates HCC development. RNA-seq study revealed that pathways related to lipid metabolism, cellular detoxification and proliferation were upregulated in SPARC-/- tumour-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS The absence of SPARC is associated with an altered hepatic lipid metabolism, and an accelerated NAFLD-related HCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostina M Onorato
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Fiore
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Casali
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernandez-Tomé
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodríguez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Domínguez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josepmaría Argemi
- Josepmaria Argemi, CIMA and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Florencia Hidalgo
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, CONICET, School of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cristian Favre
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, CONICET, School of Biochemical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana García
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Atorrasagasti
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo D Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kargaran A, Abedinpour A, Saadatmehr Z, Yaali R, Amani-Shalamzari S, Gahreman D. Effects of dual-task training with blood flow restriction on cognitive functions, muscle quality, and circulatory biomarkers in elderly women. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113500. [PMID: 34174326 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an eight-week dual-task training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle quality (MQ) biomarkers, physical and cognitive functions in older women. Twenty-four healthy volunteers (62.9 ± 3.1years) were randomly assigned into either dual-task (DT), DT with blood flow restriction (DTBFR), or control (C) group. The experimental groups performed cognitive tasks while walked on a treadmill at 45% of heart rate reserve (HRR), 20 min per session, three sessions per week for eight weeks. The cuff pressure for the DTBFR group was 50% of the calculated arterial blood occlusion and was increased by 10% every 2 weeks. Pre and post-training intervention, biomarkers of MQ and cognitive functions, body composition, maximal strength, and psychological status were measured. There was a significant interaction effect on BDNF, CAF, P3NP, body mass, BMI, fat percentage, visceral fat mass, and total fat mass (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant interaction effect on knee extension, 30-s stand-up test, 6-min walk test, timed up&go test, and QOL was observed. There was a significant effect of time on MMSE, sleep quality, and mood score. These findings suggested that including BFR to DT training result in greater physiological and psychological responses and should be considered a training method to combat undesired changes associated with increasing age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kargaran
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Abedinpour
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Saadatmehr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yaali
- Department of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Daniel Gahreman
- Charles Darwin University, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Territory, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Effects of Padel Competition on Brain Health-Related Myokines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116042. [PMID: 34199730 PMCID: PMC8200019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Padel is becoming one of the most widespread racket sports that may have potential health benefits. Considering that several myokines mediate the cross-talk between skeletal muscles and the brain, exerting positive effects on brain health status, this study was designed to evaluate the responses of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and irisin (IR) to padel competition in trained players and to determine whether these responses were sex-dependent. Twenty-four trained padel players (14 women and 10 men with a mean age of 27.8 ± 6.3 years) participated voluntarily in this study. Circulating levels of BDNF, LIF, and IR were assessed before and after simulated padel competition (real playing time, 27.8 ± 8.49 min; relative intensity, 75.2 ± 7.9% maximum heart rate). Except for BDNF responses observed in female players (increasing from 1531.12 ± 269.09 to 1768.56 ± 410.75 ng/mL), no significant changes in LIF and IR concentrations were reported after padel competition. In addition, no sex-related differences were found. Moreover, significant associations between IR and BDNF were established at both pre- and post-competition. Our results suggest that while competitive padel practice stimulates BDNF response in female players, padel competition failed to boost the release of LIF and IR. Future studies are needed to further explore the role of these exercise-induced myokines in the regulation of brain functions and to identify the field sports that can contribute to myokine-mediated muscle–brain crosstalk.
Collapse
|
43
|
Tsiani E, Tsakiridis N, Kouvelioti R, Jaglanian A, Klentrou P. Current Evidence of the Role of the Myokine Irisin in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112628. [PMID: 34071869 PMCID: PMC8199282 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regular exercise/physical activity is beneficial for the health of an individual and lowers the risk of getting different diseases, including cancer. How exactly exercise results in these health benefits is not known. Recent studies suggest that the molecule irisin released by muscles into the blood stream after exercise may be responsible for these effects. This review summarizes all the available in vitro/cell culture, animal and human studies that have investigated the relationship between cancer and irisin with the aim to shed light and understand the possible role of irisin in cancer. The majority of the in vitro studies indicate anticancer properties of irisin, but more animal and human studies are required to better understand the exact role of irisin in cancer. Abstract Cancer is a disease associated with extreme human suffering, a huge economic cost to health systems, and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Regular physical activity is associated with many health benefits, including reduced cancer risk. In the past two decades, exercising/contracting skeletal muscles have been found to secrete a wide range of biologically active proteins, named myokines. Myokines are delivered, via the circulation, to different cells/tissues, bind to their specific receptors and initiate signaling cascades mediating the health benefits of exercise. The present review summarizes the existing evidence of the role of the myokine irisin in cancer. In vitro studies have shown that the treatment of various cancer cells with irisin resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation, survival, migration/ invasion and induced apoptosis by affecting key proliferative and antiapoptotic signaling pathways. However, the effects of irisin in humans remains unclear. Although the majority of the existing studies have found reduced serum irisin levels in cancer patients, a few studies have shown the opposite. Similarly, the majority of studies have found increased levels of irisin in cancer tissues, with a few studies showing the opposite trend. Clearly, further investigations are required to determine the exact role of irisin in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.T.); (R.K.); (A.J.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicole Tsakiridis
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.T.); (R.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Rozalia Kouvelioti
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.T.); (R.K.); (A.J.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Alina Jaglanian
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.T.); (R.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tokunbo O, Abayomi T, Adekomi D, Oyeyipo I. COVID-19: sitting is the new smoking; the role of exercise in augmenting the immune system among the elderly. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:189-193. [PMID: 34394297 PMCID: PMC8356589 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Like smoking, sedentary lifestyle is an issue of great concern because of its deleterious health challenges and implications. Given the global spread of the new coronavirus (COVID-19), social isolation regulations and laws have been implemented in many countries to contain the spread of the virus and this has caused a drastic shift from the usual physically demanding life to a sedentary lifestyle characterized by significantly reduced physical activities and prolong sitting. Methods/Data Source Human and nonhuman primate literature was examined to compare experimental and clinical modulation of inflammatory cytokines by exercised-induced myokines. Data synthesis Experimental and clinical evidence was used to examine whether exercised-induced myokines can prime the immune system of the elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The immune system changes with advancement in age which increases the likelihood of infectious disease morbidity and mortality in older adults. Several epidemiological studies have also shown that physical inactivity among geriatric population impacts negatively on the immune system. Evidences on the importance of exercise in priming the immune system of elderly individuals could be an effective therapeutic strategy in combating the virus as it may well be a case of “let those with the best immune system win”.
Collapse
|
45
|
A multidimensional functional fitness score has a stronger association with type 2 diabetes than obesity parameters in cross sectional data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245093. [PMID: 33544739 PMCID: PMC7864668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We examine here the association of multidimensional functional fitness with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as compared to anthropometric indices of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in a sample of Indian population. Research design and method We analysed retrospective data of 663 volunteer participants (285 males and 378 females between age 28 and 84), from an exercise clinic in which every participant was required to undergo a health related physical fitness (HRPF) assessment consisting of 15 different tasks examining 8 different aspects of functional fitness. Results The odds of being diabetic in the highest quartile of BMI were not significantly higher than that in the lowest quartile in either of the sexes. The odds of being a diabetic in the highest WHR quartile were significantly greater than the lowest quartile in females (OR = 4.54 (1.95, 10.61) as well as in males (OR = 3.81 (1.75, 8.3). In both sexes the odds of being a diabetic were significantly greater in the lowest quartile of HRPF score than the highest (males OR = 10.52 (4.21, 26.13); females OR = 10.50 (3.53, 31.35)). After removing confounding, the predictive power of HRPF was significantly greater than that of WHR. HRPF was negatively correlated with WHR, however for individuals that had contradicting HRPF and WHR based predictions, HRPF was the stronger predictor of T2DM. Conclusion The association of multidimensional functional fitness score with type 2 diabetes was significantly stronger than obesity parameters in a cross sectional self-selected sample from an Indian city.
Collapse
|
46
|
Uda'a B, Tinduh D, Masduchi HR, Laswati L, Wibisono S, Soenatalina S, Theodora S. Comparison of Irisin Serum Healthy Untrained Males on Treadmill Exercises by Increasing Gradually Speed Vs Inclination. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i1.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in young people. Irises released into the bloodstream function to execute regulation of energy metabolism, triggering browning white adipose, which is useful in mitochondrial biogenesis. The American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) recommends moderate intensity cardiorespiratory fitness training with a frequency of 3-5 times a week, duration of 20-60 minutes, using a treadmill. Study subjects (n = 20) were divided randomly into 2 groups, namely the moderate intensity Treadmill training group with gradual speed improvement and gradual inclination increase. Serum slices are measured on the first and last day of exercise. There was an increasing of irisin serum in the moderate intensity Treadmill training group by increasing gradually speed after 2 weeks of exercise, both 30 minutes pre-exercise (p = 0.02) and 1 hour post exercise (p = 0.01). Medium intensity Treadmill training with 2 weeks gradual speed increase with frequency 3 times a week can increase serum slice in men, healthy untrained young men.
Collapse
|
47
|
Farrash WF, Phillips BE, Britton SL, Qi N, Koch LG, Wilkinson DJ, Smith K, Atherton PJ. Myokine Responses to Exercise in a Rat Model of Low/High Adaptive Potential. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:645881. [PMID: 34177798 PMCID: PMC8220071 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.645881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assuming myokines underlie some of the health benefits of exercise, we hypothesised that 'high responder trainer' (HRT) rats would exhibit distinct myokine profiles to 'low responder trainers' (LRT), reflecting distinct health and adaptive traits. METHODS Blood was collected from LRT and HRT (N=8) rats at baseline (BL), immediately (0h), 1h, and 3h after running; repeated after 3-wks training. Myokines were analysed by ELISA (i.e. BDNF/Fractalkine/SPARC/Irisin/FGF21/Musclin/IL-6). RESULTS At baseline, Musclin (LRT: 84 ± 24 vs HRT: 26 ± 3 pg/ml, P=0.05) and FGF21 (LRT: 133 ± 34 vs HRT: 63.5 ± 13 pg/ml, P=0.08) were higher in LRT than HRT. Training increased Musclin in HRT (26 ± 3 to 54 ± 9 pg/ml, P<0.05) and decreased FGF21 in LRT (133 ± 34 to 60 ± 28 pg/ml, P<0.05). Training increased SPARC (LRT: 0.8 ± 0.1 to 2.1 ± 0.6 ng/ml, P<0.05; HRT: 0.7 ± 0.06 to 1.8 ± 0.3 ng/ml, P=0.06) and Irisin (LRT 0.62 ± 0.1 to 2.6 ± 0.4 ng/ml, P<0.01; HRT 0.53 ± 0.1 to 2.8 ± 0.7 ng/ml, P<0.01) while decreasing BDNF (LRT: 2747 ± 293 to 1081 ± 330 pg/ml, P<0.01; HRT: 1976 ± 328 to 797 ± 160 pg/ml, P<0.05). Acute exercise response of Musclin (AUC) was higher in LRT vs HRT (306 ± 74 vs. 88 ± 12 pg/ml×3h-1, P<0.01) and elevated in HRT after training (221 ± 31 pg/ml×3h-1, P<0.01). Training elevated SPARC (LRT: 2.4 ± 0.1 to 7.7 ± 1.3 ng/ml×3h-1, P<0.05; HRT: 2.5 ± 0.13 to 11.2 ± 2.2 ng/ml×3h-1, P<0.001) and Irisin (LRT: 1.34 ± 0.3 to 9.6 ± 1.7 ng/ml×3h-1, P<0.001; HRT: 1.5 ± 0.5 to 12.1 ± 1.9 ng/ml×3h-1, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Exercise training alters how myokines are secreted in response to acute exercise. Myokine responses were not robustly linked to adaptive potential in aerobic capacity, making them an unlikely regulator of adaptive traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesam F. Farrash
- Medical Research Council (MRC)-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- Medical Research Council (MRC)-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- National Institution for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nathan Qi
- Department of Molecular and integrative physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Daniel J. Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council (MRC)-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- National Institution for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC)-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- National Institution for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Medical Research Council (MRC)-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- National Institution for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Philip J. Atherton,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Barbe MF, Loomis R, Lepkowsky AM, Forman S, Zhao H, Gordon J. A longitudinal characterization of sex-specific somatosensory and spatial memory deficits in HIV Tg26 heterozygous mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244725. [PMID: 33382797 PMCID: PMC7775086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus associated neurological disorders is still not well understood, yet is known to result in neurological declines despite combination anti-retroviral therapy. HIV-1 transgenic (Tg26) mice contain integrated non-infectious HIV-1 proviral DNA. We sought to assess the integrity of neurocognitive function and sensory systems in HIV-1 Tg26 mice using a longitudinal design, in both sexes, to examine both age- and sex-related disease progression. General neurological reflexive testing showed only acclimation to repeated testing by all groups. Yet, at 2.5 months of age, female Tg26 +/- mice showed hyposensitivity to noxious hot temperatures, compared to wild types (both sexes) and male Tg26 +/- mice, that worsened by 10 months of age. Female Tg26 +/- mice had short-term spatial memory losses in novel object location memory testing at 2.5 and 7 months, compared to female wild types; changes not observed in male counterparts. Female Tg26 +/- mice showed mild learning deficits and short- and long-term spatial memory deficits in olfactory and visually cued Barnes Maze testing at 3 months of age, yet greater learning and memory deficits by 8 months. In contrast, male Tg26 +/- mice displayed no learning deficits and fewer spatial memory deficits (mainly heading errors in nontarget holes). Thus, greater sex-specific temperature hyposensitivity and spatial memory declines were observed in female HIV Tg26 +/- mice, than in male Tg26 +/- mice, or their wild type littermates, that increased with aging. Additionally, tibial bones were examined using ex vivo micro-CT after tissue collection at 11 months. Sex-dependent increases in bone volume and trabecular number were seen in males, matching their greater weights at this age. These results indicate that HIV-1 Tg26 mice is a promising model in which to study neuropathic mechanisms underlying peripheral pathology as well as cognitive deficits seen with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary F. Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Regina Loomis
- Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Lepkowsky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Steven Forman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Assyov Y, Gateva A, Karamfilova V, Gatev T, Nedeva I, Velikova T, Kamenov ZA. Impact of testosterone treatment on circulating irisin in men with late-onset hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome. Aging Male 2020; 23:1381-1387. [PMID: 32456511 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1770721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The beneficial effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) on the body composition and metabolic outcomes are well-established. A potential explanation might lie in the hormones, secreted from skeletal muscles, named "myokines". The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TRT on the levels of serum irisin in subjects with LOH. STUDY DESIGN A total 40 men with metabolic syndrome (MS) and LOH (measured serum testosterone concentration < 12 nmol/l). TRT with Testosterone Undecanoate (Nebido™) was performed at baseline and at week 6. Irisin serum concentration was determined at baseline and at week 18 by means of ELISA. RESULTS Circulating irisin was positively associated with serum testosterone (r = 0.283, p < 0.05). TRT has led to a statistically significant rise in circulating serum irisin levels (7.12 ± 0.76 mcg/ml versus 7.76 ± 0.75 mcg/ml; paired-samples t-test p < 0.001). ROC-analyses determined irisin to be predictive of treatment response (AUC = 0.741, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Irisin is positively associated with serum testosterone in a population of men with MS and LOH. TRT in these subjects has led to a significant improvement in associated clinical symptoms as well as to a significant rise in serum irisin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yavor Assyov
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antoaneta Gateva
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Karamfilova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetan Gatev
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iveta Nedeva
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Lozenetz University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Orlandella FM, De Stefano AE, Iervolino PLC, Buono P, Soricelli A, Salvatore G. Dissecting the molecular pathways involved in the effects of physical activity on breast cancers cells: A narrative review. Life Sci 2020; 265:118790. [PMID: 33220294 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence suggests that obesity and sedentary are modifiable factors strongly associated with breast cancer risk worldwide. Since breast cancer represents the most frequent malignant neoplasm and the second cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, an insight into the molecular mechanisms clarifying the effects of physical activity in breast cancer cells could have important implication for changing this cancer burden. In this narrative Review article, we summarize the current knowledge, regarding the effects of adapted physical activity program, focusing on the cellular signaling pathways activated and on the molecular markers involved in breast cancer. Regular exercise training in breast cancer patients has been shown to positively affect tumor-growth and survival rate. Indeed, emerging work demonstrates that regular exercise is able to affect multiple cancer hallmarks influencing the development and progression of cancer. In conclusion, changes in the circulating insulin, adipokines and estrogen levels, inflammation and oxidative stress could represent some of the possible biological mechanisms through which exercise may influence breast cancer development and recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Elisa De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Chiara Iervolino
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Salvatore
- IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|