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Zhu H, Liu J, Zhou J, Jin Y, Zhao Q, Jiang X, Gao H. Notopterygium incisum roots extract (NRE) alleviates neuroinflammation pathology in Alzheimer's disease through TLR4-NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118651. [PMID: 39094757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang, also called 'Qianghuo', is a distinct umbelliferae plant in China. The rhizomes and roots of Notopterygium incisum have long been used to treat headaches, colds, analgesia and rheumatoid arthritis. It is a main traditional Chinese medicine in Qianghuo Yufeng Decoction, which was used to treat diseases such as liver and kidney insufficiency, mental paralysis and dementia. AIM OF THIS STUDY As the most common dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complicated pathogenesis. So far, there is no effective drug to prevent its pathological process. Previous research has shown that Notopterygium incisum root extract (NRE) may inhibit the release of Aβ and the activation of tau in mice with AD. However, the effect of NRE on the pathological process of neuroinflammation is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in BV2 cells exposed to LPS/Aβ42 after treated with NRE. APP/PS1 and LPS-induced C57BL/6 neuroinflammatory mice were given NRE for 8 weeks and 5 days respectively to detect the pathological changes of neuroinflammation. RESULTS The findings showed that NRE had a notable inhibitory effect on the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in BV2 cells induced by LPS/Aβ42. The results of in vivo experiments show that following NRE treatment, there was a notable decrease in the number of activated microglia in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice as indicated by immunofluorescence results. Sholl analysis showed that microglia branches increased in NRE group, indicating that M1 microglia activation was inhibited. In the mice model injected with LPS in the tail vein, PCR and Western Blot results confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of NRE, Nissl staining showed the protective effect of NRE on neurons, and immunofluorescence results also indicated that the activation of M1 microglia was inhibited. CONCLUSION These results suggest that long term oral administration of NRE may inhibit neuroinflammation in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110840, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances Research & Translational Medicine of Immune Diseases of Shenyang, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Chelucci E, Daniele S, Vergassola M, Ceccarelli L, Zucchi S, Boltri L, Martini C. Trazodone counteracts the response of microglial cells to inflammatory stimuli. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39187397 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are resident brain cells that regulate neuronal development and innate immunity. Microglia activation participates in the cellular response to neuroinflammation, thus representing a possible target for pharmacological strategies aimed to counteract the onset and progression of brain disorders, including depression. Antidepressant drugs have been reported to reduce neuroinflammation by acting also on glial cells. Herein, the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of trazodone (TRZ) on the microglial human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cell line were investigated. HMC3 cells were activated by a double inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], 24 h each), and the induction of inflammation was demonstrated by (i) the increased expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), and (ii) the increased release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). TRZ effects were evaluated by treating HMC3 cells for 24 h before (pre-treatment) and after (post-treatment) the double inflammatory stimulus. Notably, TRZ treatments significantly decreased the expression of NF-kB and IBA-1 and the release of the cytokines IL-6 and TGF-β. Moreover, TRZ prevented and reduced the release of quinolinic acid (QUIN), a known neurotoxic kynurenine metabolite. Finally, cellular supernatants collected from microglial cells pre-treated LPS-TNF-α with TRZ were able to improve neuronal-like cell viability, demonstrating a potential neuroprotective effect. Overall, this study suggests the anti-inflammatory effects of TRZ on human microglia and strives for its neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Vergassola
- Angelini Pharma S.p.A. Global External Innovation & Drug Discovery, Translational Research Department, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sara Zucchi
- Angelini Pharma S.p.A. Global R&D PLCM Preclinical Development, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Boltri
- Angelini Pharma S.p.A. Global R&D PLCM Preclinical Development, Ancona, Italy
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Dongol A, Xie Y, Zheng P, Chen X, Huang XF. Olanzapine attenuates amyloid-β-induced microglia-mediated progressive neurite lesions. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112469. [PMID: 38908083 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is the first pathological mechanism to initiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the precise role of Aβ in the disease progression remains unclear. Through decades of research, prolonged inflammation has emerged as an important core pathology in AD. Previously, a study has demonstrated the neurotoxic effect of Aβ-induced neuroinflammation in neuron-glia co-culture at 72 h. Here, we hypothesise that initial stage Aβ may trigger microglial inflammation, synergistically contributing to the progression of neurite lesions relevant to AD progression. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug possessing anti-inflammatory properties, can ameliorate Aβ-induced progressive neurite lesions. Our study reports that Aβ induces neurite lesions with or without inflammatory microglial cells in vitro. More intriguingly, the present study revealed that Aβ exacerbates neurite lesions in synergy with microglia. Moreover, the time course study revealed that Aβ promotes microglia-mediated neurite lesions by eliciting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, our study shows that olanzapine at lower doses prevents Aβ-induced microglia-mediated progressive neurite lesions. The increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by Aβ is attenuated by olanzapine administration, associated with a reduction in microglial inflammation. Finally, this study reports that microglial senescence induced by Aβ was rescued by olanzapine. Thus, our study provides the first evidence that 1 µM to 5 µM of olanzapine can effectively prevent Aβ-induced microglia-mediated progressive neurite lesions by modulating microglial inflammation. These observations reinforce the potential of targeting microglial remodelling to slow disease progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjila Dongol
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Yuanyi Xie
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Peng Zheng
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia.
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4
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Liu N, Haziyihan A, Zhao W, Chen Y, Chao H. Trajectory of brain-derived amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease: where is it coming from and where is it going? Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:42. [PMID: 39160618 PMCID: PMC11331646 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily impacts cognitive function. Currently there are no disease-modifying treatments to stop or slow its progression. Recent studies have found that several peripheral and systemic abnormalities are associated with AD, and our understanding of how these alterations contribute to AD is becoming more apparent. In this review, we focuse on amyloid‑beta (Aβ), a major hallmark of AD, summarizing recent findings on the source of brain-derived Aβ and discussing where and how the brain-derived Aβ is cleared in vivo. Based on these findings, we propose future strategies for AD prevention and treatment, from a novel perspective on Aβ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Liu
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | | | - Wei Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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5
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Leak RK, Clark RN, Abbas M, Xu F, Brodsky JL, Chen J, Hu X, Luk KC. Current insights and assumptions on α-synuclein in Lewy body disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 148:18. [PMID: 39141121 PMCID: PMC11324801 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Lewy body disorders are heterogeneous neurological conditions defined by intracellular inclusions composed of misshapen α-synuclein protein aggregates. Although α-synuclein aggregates are only one component of inclusions and not strictly coupled to neurodegeneration, evidence suggests they seed the propagation of Lewy pathology within and across cells. Genetic mutations, genomic multiplications, and sequence polymorphisms of the gene encoding α-synuclein are also causally linked to Lewy body disease. In nonfamilial cases of Lewy body disease, the disease trigger remains unidentified but may range from industrial/agricultural toxicants and natural sources of poisons to microbial pathogens. Perhaps due to these peripheral exposures, Lewy inclusions appear at early disease stages in brain regions connected with cranial nerves I and X, which interface with inhaled and ingested environmental elements in the nasal or gastrointestinal cavities. Irrespective of its identity, a stealthy disease trigger most likely shifts soluble α-synuclein (directly or indirectly) into insoluble, cross-β-sheet aggregates. Indeed, β-sheet-rich self-replicating α-synuclein multimers reside in patient plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and other tissues, and can be subjected to α-synuclein seed amplification assays. Thus, clinicians should be able to capitalize on α-synuclein seed amplification assays to stratify patients into potential responders versus non-responders in future clinical trials of α-synuclein targeted therapies. Here, we briefly review the current understanding of α-synuclein in Lewy body disease and speculate on pathophysiological processes underlying the potential transmission of α-synucleinopathy across the neuraxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 418C Mellon Hall, 913 Bluff Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Rachel N Clark
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 418C Mellon Hall, 913 Bluff Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Muslim Abbas
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 418C Mellon Hall, 913 Bluff Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Chen SH, Damborsky JC, Wilson BC, Fannin RD, Ward JM, Gerrish KE, He B, Martin NP, Yakel JL. α7 nicotinic receptor activation mitigates herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in microglia cells. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105934. [PMID: 38880195 PMCID: PMC11250235 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic DNA virus, establishes latency in neural tissues, with reactivation causing severe consequences like encephalitis. Emerging evidence links HSV-1 infection to chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia, the central nervous system's (CNS) immune sentinels, express diverse receptors, including α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs), critical for immune regulation. Recent studies suggest α7 nAChR activation protects against viral infections. Here, we show that α7 nAChR agonists, choline and PNU-282987, significantly inhibit HSV-1 replication in microglial BV2 cells. Notably, this inhibition is independent of the traditional ionotropic nAChR signaling pathway. mRNA profiling revealed that choline stimulates the expression of antiviral factors, IL-1β and Nos2, and down-regulates the apoptosis genes and type A Lamins in BV2 cells. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which microglial α7 nAChRs restrict viral infections by regulating innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Heng Chen
- Viral Vector Core Facility, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Joanne C Damborsky
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Belinda C Wilson
- Viral Vector Core Facility, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rick D Fannin
- Molecular Genomics Core Facility, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James M Ward
- Bioinformatics Support Group, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core Facility, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bo He
- Viral Vector Core Facility, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Negin P Martin
- Viral Vector Core Facility, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jerrel L Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Khan ES, Däinghaus T. HSP47 in human diseases: Navigating pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1755. [PMID: 39135385 PMCID: PMC11319607 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a chaperone protein responsible for regulating collagen maturation and transport, directly impacting collagen synthesis levels. Aberrant HSP47 expression or malfunction has been associated with collagen-related disorders, most notably fibrosis. Recent reports have uncovered new functions of HSP47 in various cellular processes. Hsp47 dysregulation in these alternative roles has been linked to various diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders, thereby highlighting its potential as both a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological roles of HSP47 in human diseases, its potential as a diagnostic tool, clinical screening techniques and its role as a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essak. S. Khan
- Posttranscriptional Gene RegulationCancer Research and Experimental HemostasisUniversity Medical Center Mainz (UMCM)MainzGermany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH)UMCMMainzGermany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK)DKFZ Frankfurt‐MainzFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Tobias Däinghaus
- Posttranscriptional Gene RegulationCancer Research and Experimental HemostasisUniversity Medical Center Mainz (UMCM)MainzGermany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH)UMCMMainzGermany
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Soto-Retes L, Milagro J, Crespo-Lessmann A, Curto E, Medina ÉFM, Bailón R, Gil E, Laguna P, Plaza V. Parasympathetic nervous system: A key role in control and mood disorders in patients with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024:S1081-1206(24)00480-0. [PMID: 39074657 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe asthma often have uncontrolled disease and experience mood disorders, particularly anxiety and depression. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in asthma, mainly through the parasympathetic ANS system (PANS), which favors bronchoconstriction and mental health status. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of the activation of the PANS in uncontrolled asthma and related mood disorders. METHODS This was a proof-of-concept cross-sectional study that analyzed demographic and clinical variables reflecting asthma severity and control, lung function, inflammation (from induced sputum), evaluation of quality of life, and the risk for anxiety and depression according to validated questionnaires. The PANS analysis was conducted based on heart rate variability: SD of the difference between consecutive normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), percentage of consecutive NN intervals (pNN50), total power (TP), and respiratory-related power (Pr). RESULTS A total of 30 patients with asthma were grouped according to asthma control and the risk for anxiety and depression; 10 patients with uncontrolled asthma compared with the patients with controlled asthma showed significant differences (P < .05) in SDNN (26.5 [8.2] vs 42.7 [29.7]), RMSSD (14.1 [6.5] vs 24 [20]), pNN50 (0.6 [1.5] vs 6.2 [11.8]), TP (0.0005 [0.00046] vs 0.0014 [0.00085]), and Pr (0.0003 [0.00025] vs 0.0007 [0.00060]) respectively. A total of 13 patients at risk for anxiety and depression compared with the patients without showed reduced values (P < .05) for SDNN (26.5 [7.9] vs 45.6 [31.3]), pNN50 (0.75 [1.4] to 7.12 [12.6]), TP (0.0005 [0.00048] to 0.0012 [0.0008]), and Pr (0.0003 [0.00027] to 0.0008 [0.00062]). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PANS activity is depressed in patients with uncontrolled asthma and common mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, and the evaluation of heart rate variability may be a useful means for follow-up of asthma control and related mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Soto-Retes
- Pneumology and Allergy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Milagro
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Astrid Crespo-Lessmann
- Pneumology and Allergy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Curto
- Pneumology Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Éder F Mateus Medina
- Pneumology and Allergy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Bailón
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gil
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Laguna
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente Plaza
- Pneumology and Allergy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Cabrera-Pastor A. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Intercellular and Inter-Organ Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7041. [PMID: 39000150 PMCID: PMC11241119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, crucial in neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and hepatic encephalopathy, involves complex immune responses. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in intercellular and inter-organ communication, influencing disease progression. EVs serve as key mediators in the immune system, containing molecules capable of activating molecular pathways that exacerbate neuroinflammatory processes in neurological disorders. However, EVs from mesenchymal stem cells show promise in reducing neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. EVs can cross CNS barriers, and peripheral immune signals can influence brain function via EV-mediated communication, impacting barrier function and neuroinflammatory responses. Understanding EV interactions within the brain and other organs could unveil novel therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; or
- Fundación de Investigación del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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10
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Madhubala D, Patra A, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. Phytomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases: The road ahead. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2993-3019. [PMID: 38600725 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are among the most common causes of death across the globe. NDs are characterized by progressive damage to CNS neurons, leading to defects in specific brain functions such as memory, cognition, and movement. The most common NDs are Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite extensive research, no therapeutics or medications against NDs have been proven to be effective. The current treatment of NDs involving symptom-based targeting of the disease pathogenesis has certain limitations, such as drug resistance, adverse side effects, poor blood-brain barrier permeability, and poor bioavailability of drugs. Some studies have shown that plant-derived natural compounds hold tremendous promise for treating and preventing NDs. Therefore, the primary objective of this review article is to critically analyze the properties and potency of some of the most studied phytomedicines, such as quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), apigenin, and cannabinoids, and highlight their advantages and limitations for developing next-generation alternative treatments against NDs. Further extensive research on pre-clinical and clinical studies for developing plant-based drugs against NDs from bench to bedside is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Madhubala
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Sarb OF, Sarb AD, Iacobescu M, Vlad IM, Milaciu MV, Ciurmarnean L, Vacaras V, Tantau AI. From Gut to Brain: Uncovering Potential Serum Biomarkers Connecting Inflammatory Bowel Diseases to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5676. [PMID: 38891863 PMCID: PMC11171869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation due to abnormal immune responses to gut microflora. The gut-brain axis is disrupted in IBDs, leading to neurobiological imbalances and affective symptoms. Systemic inflammation in IBDs affects the brain's inflammatory response system, hormonal axis, and blood-brain barrier integrity, influencing the gut microbiota. This review aims to explore the association between dysregulations in the gut-brain axis, serum biomarkers, and the development of cognitive disorders. Studies suggest a potential association between IBDs and the development of neurodegeneration. The mechanisms include systemic inflammation, nutritional deficiency, GBA dysfunction, and the effect of genetics and comorbidities. The objective is to identify potential correlations and propose future research directions to understand the impact of altered microbiomes and intestinal barrier functions on neurodegeneration. Serum levels of vitamins, inflammatory and neuronal damage biomarkers, and neuronal growth factors have been investigated for their potential to predict the development of neurodegenerative diseases, but current results are inconclusive and require more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviu-Florentiu Sarb
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Adriana-Daniela Sarb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Iacobescu
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Irina-Maria Vlad
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
| | - Mircea-Vasile Milaciu
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Lorena Ciurmarnean
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Vitalie Vacaras
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
| | - Alina-Ioana Tantau
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
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12
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Avila A, Zhang SL. A circadian clock regulates the blood-brain barrier across phylogeny. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:241-287. [PMID: 39029975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
As the central regulatory system of an organism, the brain is responsible for overseeing a wide variety of physiological processes essential for an organism's survival. To maintain the environment necessary for neurons to function, the brain requires highly selective uptake and elimination of specific molecules through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As an organism's activities vary throughout the day, how does the BBB adapt to meet the changing needs of the brain? A mechanism is through temporal regulation of BBB permeability via its circadian clock, which will be the focal point of this chapter. To comprehend the circadian clock's role within the BBB, we will first examine the anatomy of the BBB and the transport mechanisms enabling it to fulfill its role as a restrictive barrier. Next, we will define the circadian clock, and the discussion will encompass an introduction to circadian rhythms, the Transcription-Translation Feedback Loop (TTFL) as the mechanistic basis of circadian timekeeping, and the organization of tissue clocks found in organisms. Then, we will cover the role of the circadian rhythms in regulating the cellular mechanisms and functions of the BBB. We discuss the implications of this regulation in influencing sleep behavior, the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and finally drug delivery for treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Avila
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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13
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Milczarek O, Jarocha D, Starowicz-Filip A, Kasprzycki M, Kijowski J, Mordel A, Kwiatkowski S, Majka M. Bone Marrow Nucleated Cells and Bone Marrow-Derived CD271+ Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Treatment of Encephalopathy and Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1015-1025. [PMID: 38483743 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The broad spectrum of brain injuries in preterm newborns and the plasticity of the central nervous system prompts us to seek solutions for neurodegeneration to prevent the consequences of prematurity and perinatal problems. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the implantation of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in different schemes in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and immunological encephalopathy. Fourteen patients received single implantation of bone marrow nucleated cells administered intrathecally and intravenously, followed by multiple rounds of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells implanted intrathecally, and five patients were treated only with repeated rounds of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Seizure outcomes improved in most cases, including fewer seizures and status epilepticus and reduced doses of antiepileptic drugs compared to the period before treatment. The neuropsychological improvement was more frequent in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy than in the immunological encephalopathy group. Changes in emotional functioning occurred with similar frequency in both groups of patients. In the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy group, motor improvement was observed in all patients and the majority in the immunological encephalopathy group. The treatment had manageable toxicity, mainly mild to moderate early-onset adverse events. The treatment was generally safe in the 4-year follow-up period, and the effects of the therapy were maintained after its termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Milczarek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Children's Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Danuta Jarocha
- Hematology Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Children's Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medicl College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Kasprzycki
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jacek Kijowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Mordel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Children's Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
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14
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Wang M, Tian F, Xin Q, Ma H, Liu L, Yang S, Sun S, Song N, Tan K, Li Z, Zhang L, Wang Q, Feng L, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang XD. In Vivo Toxicology of Metabolizable Atomically Precise Au 25 Clusters at Ultrahigh Doses. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:540-550. [PMID: 38557019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasmall Au25(MPA)18 clusters show great potential in biocatalysts and bioimaging due to their well-defined, tunable structure and properties. Hence, in vivo pharmacokinetics and toxicity of Au nanoclusters (Au NCs) are very important for clinical translation, especially at high dosages. Herein, the in vivo hematological, tissue, and neurological effects following exposure to Au NCs (300 and 500 mg kg-1) were investigated, in which the concentration is 10 times higher than in therapeutic use. The biochemical and hematological parameters of the injected Au NCs were within normal limits, even at the ultrahigh level of 500 mg kg-1. Meanwhile, no histopathological changes were observed in the Au NC group, and immunofluorescence staining showed no obvious lesions in the major organs. Furthermore, real-time near-infrared-II (NIR-II) imaging showed that most of the Au25(MPA)18 and Au24Zn1(MPA)18 can be metabolized via the kidney. The results demonstrated that Au NCs exhibit good biosafety by evaluating the manifestation of toxic effects on major organs at ultrahigh doses, providing reliable data for their application in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyu Wang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fangzhen Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huizhen Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - KeXin Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Liefeng Feng
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Shim KH, Kim D, Kang MJ, Pyun J, Park YH, Youn YC, Park KW, Suk K, Lee H, Gomes BF, Zetterberg H, An SSA, Kim S. Subsequent correlated changes in complement component 3 and amyloid beta oligomers in the blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2731-2741. [PMID: 38411315 PMCID: PMC11032549 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the complement cascade, with complement component 3 (C3) playing a key role. However, the relationship between C3 and amyloid beta (Aβ) in blood is limited. METHODS Plasma C3 and Aβ oligomerization tendency (AβOt) were measured in 35 AD patients and 62 healthy controls. Correlations with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, cognitive impairment, and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were analyzed. Differences between biomarkers were compared in groups classified by concordances of biomarkers. RESULTS Plasma C3 and AβOt were elevated in AD patients and in CSF or amyloid PET-positive groups. Weak positive correlation was found between C3 and AβOt, while both had strong negative correlations with CSF Aβ42 and cognitive performance. Abnormalities were observed for AβOt and CSF Aβ42 followed by C3 changes. DISCUSSION Increased plasma C3 in AD are associated with amyloid pathology, possibly reflecting a defense response for Aβ clearance. Further studies on Aβ-binding proteins will enhance understanding of Aβ mechanisms in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano TechnologyGachon UniversitySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Danyeong Kim
- Department of Bionano TechnologyGachon UniversitySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of NeurologyVeterans Medical Research InstituteVeterans Health Service Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Pyun
- Department of NeurologySoonchunhyang University Seoul HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University College of Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience CenterSeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of NeurologyChung‐Ang University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of NeurologyDong‐A University College of Medicine and Institute of Convergence Bio‐HealthBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of PharmacologyKyungpook National University School of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Ho‐Won Lee
- Department of NeurologyKyungpook National University School of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Bárbara Fernandes Gomes
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience & Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience & Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water BayHong KongChina
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano TechnologyGachon UniversitySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University College of Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience CenterSeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
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Aktar S, Ferdousi F, Kondo S, Kagawa T, Isoda H. Transcriptomics and biochemical evidence of trigonelline ameliorating learning and memory decline in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and elevating neurotransmitter release. GeroScience 2024; 46:1671-1691. [PMID: 37721682 PMCID: PMC10828270 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, exploring natural compounds with functional properties to ameliorate aging-associated cognitive decline has become a research priority to ensure healthy aging. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Trigonelline (TG), a plant alkaloid, on memory and spatial learning in 16-week-old senescence-accelerated mouse model SAMP8 using an integrated approach for cognitive and molecular biology aspects. After 30 days of oral administration of TG at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day, the mice were trained in Morris Water Maze task. TG-treated SAMP8 mice exhibited significant improvement in the parameters of escape latency, distance moved, and annulus crossing index. Next, we performed a whole-genome transcriptome profiling of the mouse hippocampus using microarrays. Gene ontology analyses showed that a wide range of biological processes, including nervous system development, mitochondrial function, ATP synthesis, and several signaling pathways related to inflammation, autophagy, and neurotransmitter release, were significantly enriched in TG-treated SAMP8 compared to nontreated. Further, a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), was applied to identify clusters of functions that revealed TG primarily regulated pathways related to inflammation, followed by those involved in neurotransmitter release. In addition, a protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that TG may exert its biological effects through negatively modulating Traf6-mediated NF-κB activation. Finally, ELISA test showed that TG treatment significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokines- TNFα and IL6 and increased neurotransmitters- dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin in mouse hippocampus. Altogether, our integrated bio-cognitive approach highlights the potential of TG in alleviating age-related memory and spatial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Aktar
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibarak, 305-8572, Japan.
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17
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Alzghool OM, Aarnio R, Helin JS, Wahlroos S, Keller T, Matilainen M, Solis J, Danon JJ, Kassiou M, Snellman A, Solin O, Rinne JO, Haaparanta-Solin M. Glial reactivity in a mouse model of beta-amyloid deposition assessed by PET imaging of P2X7 receptor and TSPO using [ 11C]SMW139 and [ 18F]F-DPA. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:25. [PMID: 38446249 PMCID: PMC10917722 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P2X7 receptor has emerged as a potentially superior PET imaging marker to TSPO, the gold standard for imaging glial reactivity. [11C]SMW139 is the most recently developed radiotracer to image P2X7 receptor. The aim of this study was to image reactive glia in the APP/PS1-21 transgenic (TG) mouse model of Aβ deposition longitudinally using [11C]SMW139 targeting P2X7 receptor and to compare tracer uptake to that of [18F]F-DPA targeting TSPO at the final imaging time point. TG and wild type (WT) mice underwent longitudinal in vivo PET imaging using [11C]SMW139 at 5, 8, 11, and 14 months, followed by [18F]F-DPA PET scan only at 14 months. In vivo imaging results were verified by ex vivo brain autoradiography, immunohistochemical staining, and analysis of [11C]SMW139 unmetabolized fraction in TG and WT mice. RESULTS Longitudinal change in [11C]SMW139 standardized uptake values (SUVs) showed no statistically significant increase in the neocortex and hippocampus of TG or WT mice, which was consistent with findings from ex vivo brain autoradiography. Significantly higher [18F]F-DPA SUVs were observed in brain regions of TG compared to WT mice. Quantified P2X7-positive staining in the cortex and thalamus of TG mice showed a minor increase in receptor expression with ageing, while TSPO-positive staining in the same regions showed a more robust increase in expression in TG mice as they aged. [11C]SMW139 was rapidly metabolized in mice, with 33% of unmetabolized fraction in plasma and 29% in brain homogenates 30 min after injection. CONCLUSIONS [11C]SMW139, which has a lower affinity for the rodent P2X7 receptor than the human version of the receptor, was unable to image the low expression of P2X7 receptor in the APP/PS1-21 mouse model. Additionally, the rapid metabolism of [11C]SMW139 in mice and the presence of several brain-penetrating radiometabolites significantly impacted the analysis of in vivo PET signal of the tracer. Finally, [18F]F-DPA targeting TSPO was more suitable for imaging reactive glia and neuroinflammatory processes in the APP/PS1-21 mouse model, based on the findings presented in this study and previous studies with this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada M Alzghool
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku University Hospital, Turku PET Centre, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Richard Aarnio
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jatta S Helin
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Wahlroos
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Keller
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Matilainen
- Turku University Hospital, Turku PET Centre, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Junel Solis
- Turku BioImaging, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jonathan J Danon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anniina Snellman
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku University Hospital, Turku PET Centre, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- PET Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
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18
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Liu Z, Cheng L, Zhang L, Shen C, Wei S, Wang L, Qiu Y, Li C, Xiong Y, Zhang X. Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in vascular dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1329357. [PMID: 38389559 PMCID: PMC10881761 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1329357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a prevalent cognitive disorder among the elderly. Its pathological mechanism encompasses neuronal damage, synaptic dysfunction, vascular abnormalities, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, among others. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy. Current research indicates that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play a pivotal role in both the diagnosis and treatment of VD. Thus, this article delves into the recent advancements of MSC-EVs in VD, discussing the mechanisms by which EVs influence the pathophysiological processes of VD. These mechanisms form the theoretical foundation for their neuroprotective effect in VD treatment. Additionally, the article highlights the potential applications of EVs in VD diagnosis. In conclusion, MSC-EVs present a promising innovative treatment strategy for VD. With rigorous research and ongoing innovation, this concept can transition into practical clinical treatment, providing more effective options for VD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lushun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunxiao Shen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shufei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuemin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yinyi Xiong
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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19
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Szlufik S, Kopeć K, Szleszkowski S, Koziorowski D. Glymphatic System Pathology and Neuroinflammation as Two Risk Factors of Neurodegeneration. Cells 2024; 13:286. [PMID: 38334678 PMCID: PMC10855155 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The key to the effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is a thorough understanding of their pathomechanism. Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are mutually propelling brain processes. An impairment of glymphatic system function in neurodegeneration contributes to the progression of pathological processes. The question arises as to how neuroinflammation and the glymphatic system are related. This review highlights the direct and indirect influence of these two seemingly independent processes. Protein aggregates, a characteristic feature of neurodegeneration, are correlated with glymphatic clearance and neuroinflammation. Glial cells cannot be overlooked when considering the neuroinflammatory processes. Astrocytes are essential for the effective functioning of the glymphatic system and play a crucial role in the inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. It is imperative to acknowledge the significance of AQP4, a protein that exhibits a high degree of polarization in astrocytes and is crucial for the functioning of the glymphatic system. AQP4 influences inflammatory processes that have not yet been clearly delineated. Another interesting issue is the gut-brain axis and microbiome, which potentially impact the discussed processes. A discussion of the correlation between the functioning of the glymphatic system and neuroinflammation may contribute to exploring the pathomechanism of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (K.K.)
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Tang Y, Xiao L, Deng C, Zhu H, Gao X, Li J, Yang Z, Liu D, Feng L, Hu S. [ 18F]FDG PET metabolic patterns in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with different pathological types. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:887-898. [PMID: 37581655 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate [18F]FDG PET patterns of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients with distinct pathologic types and provide possible guidance for predicting long-term prognoses of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. METHODS This was a retrospective review of MTLE patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy between 2016 and 2021. Patients were classified as having chronic inflammation and gliosis (gliosis, n = 44), hippocampal sclerosis (HS, n = 43), or focal cortical dysplasia plus HS (FCD-HS, n = 13) based on the postoperative pathological diagnosis. Metabolic patterns and the severity of metabolic abnormalities were investigated among MTLE patients and healthy controls (HCs). The standardized uptake value (SUV), SUV ratio (SUVr), and asymmetry index (AI) of regions of interest were applied to evaluate the severity of metabolic abnormalities. Imaging processing was performed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM12). RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 2.8 years, the seizure freedom (Engel class IA) rates of gliosis, HS, and FCD-HS were 54.55%, 62.79%, and 69.23%, respectively. The patients in the gliosis group presented a metabolic pattern with a larger involvement of extratemporal areas, including the ipsilateral insula. SUV, SUVr, and AI in ROIs were decreased for patients in all three MTLE groups compared with those of HCs, but the differences among all three MTLE groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS MTLE patients with isolated gliosis had the worst prognosis and hypometabolism in the insula, but the degree of metabolic decrease did not differ from the other two groups. Hypometabolic regions should be prioritized for [18F]FDG PET presurgical evaluation rather than [18F]FDG uptake values. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This study proposes guidance for optimizing the operation scheme in patients with refractory MTLE and emphasizes the potential of molecular neuroimaging with PET using selected tracers to predict the postsurgical histology of patients with refractory MTLE epilepsy. KEY POINTS • MTLE patients with gliosis had poor surgical outcomes and showed a distinct pattern of decreased metabolism in the ipsilateral insula. • In the preoperative assessment of MTLE, it is recommended to prioritize the evaluation of glucose hypometabolism areas over [18F]FDG uptake values. • The degree of glucose hypometabolism in the epileptogenic focus was not associated with the surgical outcomes of MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chijun Deng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dingyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (Jiangxi Branch), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological, Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Ramakrishnan P, Joshi A, Fazil M, Yadav P. A comprehensive review on therapeutic potentials of photobiomodulation for neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2024; 336:122334. [PMID: 38061535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of experimental trials over the past two centuries has put forth Photobiomodulation (PBM) as a treatment modality that utilizes colored lights for various conditions. While in its cradle, PBM was used for treating simple conditions such as burns and wounds, advancements in recent years have extended the use of PBM for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). PBM has exhibited the potential to curb several symptoms and signs associated with NDDs. While several of the currently used therapeutics cause adverse side effects alongside being highly invasive, PBM on the contrary, seems to be broad-acting, less toxic, and non-invasive. Despite being projected as an ideal therapeutic for NDDs, PBM still isn't considered a mainstream treatment modality due to some of the challenges and knowledge gaps associated with it. Here, we review the advantages of PBM summarized above with an emphasis on the common mechanisms that underlie major NDDs and how PBM helps tackle them. We also discuss important questions such as whether PBM should be considered a mainstay treatment modality for these conditions and if PBM's properties can be harnessed to develop prophylactic therapies for high-risk individuals and also highlight important animal studies that underscore the importance of PBM and the challenges associated with it. Overall, this review is intended to bring the major advances made in the field to the spotlight alongside addressing the practicalities and caveats to develop PBM as a major therapeutic for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ramakrishnan
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aradhana Joshi
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohamed Fazil
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Goyal A, Agrawal A, Dubey N, Verma A. High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein: A Plausible Therapeutic Molecular Target in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:937-943. [PMID: 37670710 DOI: 10.2174/1389201025666230905092218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder that exerts a broad variety of detrimental effects on people's health. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, α-synuclein aggregation and autophagy dysfunction may all play a role in the development of PD. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these pathophysiological processes remain unknown. Currently, research in PD has focussed on high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and different laboratory approaches have shown promising outcomes to some level for blocking HMGB1. Given that HMGB1 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction, participates in neuroinflammation, and modulates autophagy and apoptosis, it is hypothesised that HMGB1 has significance in the onset of PD. In the current review, research targeting multiple roles of HMGB1 in PD pathology was integrated, and the issues that need future attention for targeted therapeutic approaches are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Wang M, Ma X, Zong S, Su Y, Su R, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Li Y. The prescription design and key properties of nasal gel for CNS drug delivery: A review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106623. [PMID: 37890640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the major health problems. However, blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes traditional oral and intravenous delivery of CNS drugs inefficient. The unique direct connection between the nose and the brain makes nasal administration a great potential advantage in CNS drugs delivery. However, nasal mucociliary clearance (NMCC) limits the development of drug delivery systems. Appropriate nasal gel viscosity alleviates NMCC to a certain extent, gels based on gellan gum, chitosan, carbomer, cellulose and poloxamer have been widely reported. However, nasal gel formulation design and key properties for alleviating NMCC have not been clearly discussed. This article summarizes gel formulations of different polymers in existing nasal gel systems, and attempts to provide a basis for researchers to conduct in-depth research on the key characteristics of gel matrix against NMCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Shiyu Zong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China
| | - Yaqiong Su
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Rui Su
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China
| | - Chunliu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Drug Delivery, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710001, China.
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Cabral LM, Oliveira LM, Miranda NC, Kawamoto EM, K P Costa S, Moreira TS, Takakura AC. TNFR1-mediated neuroinflammation is necessary for respiratory deficits observed in 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinsońs Disease. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148586. [PMID: 37757967 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by classic motor symptoms related to movement, but PD patients can experience symptoms associated with impaired autonomic function, such as respiratory disturbances. Functional respiratory deficits are known to be associated with brainstem neurodegeneration in the mice model of PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Understanding the causes of neuronal death is essential for identifying specific targets to prevent degeneration. Many mechanisms can explain why neurons die in PD, and neuroinflammation is one of them. To test the influence of inflammation, mediated by microglia and astrocytes cells, in the respiratory disturbances associated with brainstem neurons death, we submitted wild-type (WT) and TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) knockout male mice to the 6-OHDA model of PD. Also, male C57BL/6 animals were induced using the same PD model and treated with minocycline (45 mg/kg), a tetracycline antibiotic with anti-inflammatory properties. We show that degeneration of brainstem areas such as the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) and the pre-Botzinger Complex (preBotC) were prevented in both protocols. Notably, respiratory disturbances were no longer observed in the animals where inflammation was suppressed. Thus, the data demonstrate that inflammation is responsible for the breathing impairment in the 6-OHDA-induced PD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís M Cabral
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz M Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nicole C Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elisa M Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Soraia K P Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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25
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Alotaibi M, Lessard-Beaudoin M, Busch K, Loudghi A, Gaudreau P, Graham RK. Olfactory Dysfunction Associated with Cognitive Decline in an Elderly Population. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:1-16. [PMID: 36545820 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2160597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer disease, early olfactory dysfunction is observed. OBJECTIVE In order to determine if deficits in olfactory memory are present in the elderly and if olfactory dysfunction correlates with cognitive impairment in the aging population, olfactory testing has been done on seniors from the NuAge cohort accepting to participate in the Olfactory Response Cognition and Aging (ORCA) secondary sub-study. The t-Mini Mental Statement Examination and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status tests were done to assess cognition levels. RESULTS Overall, 94% of the ORCA cohort displayed olfactory dysfunction. Deficits in olfactory memory were also present. A correlation was observed between olfactory function and cognitive test scores. Moreover, in women who smoked, there was an association between olfactory memory and cognitive scores. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that olfactory dysfunction may predict impending cognitive decline and highlights the need for olfactory training in seniors to improve olfaction and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alotaibi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, KSAU-HS, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffiled, UK
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melissa Lessard-Beaudoin
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Kate Busch
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amal Loudghi
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rona K Graham
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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26
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Bansal K, Singh V, Singh S, Mishra S. Neuroprotective Potential of Hesperidin as Therapeutic Agent in the Treatment of Brain Disorders: Preclinical Evidence-based Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:316-326. [PMID: 36959141 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320144722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are progressive morbidities that represent a serious health issue in the aging world population. There is a contemporary upsurge in worldwide interest in the area of traditional remedies and phytomedicines are widely accepted by researchers due to their health-promoted effects and fewer side effects. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside present in the peels of citrus fruits, possesses various biological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. In various preclinical studies, hesperidin has provided significant protective actions in a variety of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, neuropathic pain, etc. as well as their underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin are mediated by modulating antioxidant defence activities and neural growth factors, diminishing apoptotic and neuro-inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on the potential role of hesperidin in managing and treating diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Bansal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanshita Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samiksha Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sharma H, Sharma N, An SSA. Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus ( Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents. Nutrients 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201932 PMCID: PMC10780653 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps, also known as "zombie fungus", is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a "zombie". These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Yao XY, Guan LN, Chen Q, Ren C. LRRK2 G2019S and Parkinson's disease: insight from Neuroinflammation. Postgrad Med J 2023; 100:4-11. [PMID: 37777187 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The multiple hypothesis holds that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) requires many factors such as heredity, environment and ageing. Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are recognized the risk factors of PD, and closely related to sporadic and familial PD and can regulate a variety of cellular pathways and processes. An Increasing number of studies has shown that glial hyperactivation-mediated neuroinflammation participates in dopaminergic neuron degeneration and pathogenesis of PD. LRRK2 is essential to the regulaton of chronic inflammation, especially for the central nervous system. The review spotlights on the novel development of LRRK2 on microglia and astrocytes, and explore their potential therapeutic targets, in order to provide a new insights in PD. Key messages: What is already known on this topic The G2019S mutation of LRRK2 is now recognised as a pathogenic mutation in PD. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between neurons and LRRK2 G2019S. What this study adds Neuroinflammation mediated by LRRK2 G2019S of glial cells affects the progress and development of PD and attention must be paid to the role of LRRK2 G2019S in glial cells in PD. How this study might affect research, practice or policy Developing anti-inflammatory drugs from the perspective of LRRK2 G2019S of glial cells is a new direction for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Li-Na Guan
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
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Castro F, Impedovo D, Pirlo G. A Hybrid Protection Scheme for the Gait Analysis in Early Dementia Recognition. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:24. [PMID: 38202886 PMCID: PMC10780691 DOI: 10.3390/s24010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Human activity recognition (HAR) through gait analysis is a very promising research area for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases because gait abnormalities are typical symptoms of some neurodegenerative diseases, such as early dementia. While working with such biometric data, the performance parameters must be considered along with privacy and security issues. In other words, such biometric data should be processed under specific security and privacy requirements. This work proposes an innovative hybrid protection scheme combining a partially homomorphic encryption scheme and a cancelable biometric technique based on random projection to protect gait features, ensuring patient privacy according to ISO/IEC 24745. The proposed hybrid protection scheme has been implemented along a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to realize a secure early dementia diagnosis system. The proposed protection scheme is scalable and implementable with any type of neural network because it is independent of the network's architecture. The conducted experiments demonstrate that the proposed protection scheme enables a high trade-off between safety and performance. The accuracy degradation is at most 1.20% compared with the early dementia recognition system without the protection scheme. Moreover, security and computational analyses of the proposed scheme have been conducted and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Castro
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.I.); (G.P.)
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30
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Radak M, Fallahi H. Zbp1 gene: a modulator of multiple aging hallmarks as potential therapeutic target for age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2023; 24:831-844. [PMID: 37199888 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Zbp1 gene has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for age-related diseases. Multiple studies have reported that Zbp1 plays a key role in regulating several aging hallmarks, including cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, DNA damage response, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Regarding cellular senescence, Zbp1 appears to regulate the onset and progression of senescence by controlling the expression of key markers such as p16INK4a and p21CIP1/WAF1. Similarly, evidence suggests that Zbp1 plays a role in regulating inflammation by promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-1β, through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, Zbp1 seems to be involved in the DNA damage response, coordinating the cellular response to DNA damage by regulating the expression of genes such as p53 and ATM. Additionally, Zbp1 appears to regulate mitochondrial function, which is crucial for energy production and cellular homeostasis. Given the involvement of Zbp1 in multiple aging hallmarks, targeting this gene represents a potential strategy to prevent or treat age-related diseases. For example, inhibiting Zbp1 activity could be a promising approach to reduce cellular senescence and chronic inflammation, two critical hallmarks of aging associated with various age-related diseases. Similarly, modulating Zbp1 expression or activity could also improve DNA damage response and mitochondrial function, thus delaying or preventing the development of age-related diseases. Overall, the Zbp1 gene appears to be a promising therapeutic target for age-related diseases. In the current review, we have discussed the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of Zbp1 in aging hallmarks and proposed to develop effective strategies to target this gene for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Radak
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Baq-e-Abrisham, Kermanshah, 6714967346, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Baq-e-Abrisham, Kermanshah, 6714967346, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Vellingiri B, Balasubramani K, Iyer M, Raj N, Elangovan A, Song K, Yeo HC, Jayakumar N, Kinoshita M, Thangarasu R, Narayanasamy A, Dayem AA, Prajapati VK, Gopalakrishnan AV, Cho SG. Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Parkinson's Disease-A New Theranostics? Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300097. [PMID: 37590305 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex condition that is significantly influenced by oxidative stress and inflammation. It is also suggested that telomere shortening (TS) is regulated by oxidative stress which leads to various diseases including age-related neurodegenerative diseases like PD. Thus, it is anticipated that PD would result in TS of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Telomeres protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes preserving them against fusion and destruction. The TS is a normal process because DNA polymerase is unable to replicate the linear ends of the DNA due to end replication complications and telomerase activity in various cell types counteracts this process. PD is usually observed in the aged population and progresses over time therefore, disparities among telomere length in PBMCs of PD patients are recorded and it is still a question whether it has any useful role. Here, the likelihood of telomere attrition in PD and its implications concerning microglia activation, ageing, oxidative stress, and the significance of telomerase activators are addressed. Also, the possibility of telomeres and telomerase as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in PD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Kiruthika Balasubramani
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Neethu Raj
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Ajay Elangovan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Kwonwoo Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Namitha Jayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641006, India
| | - Masako Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital, Ondoyama-Cho, Narutaki, Ukyo-Ku, Kyoto, 616-8255, Japan
| | - Ravimanickam Thangarasu
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Tamil Nadu Open University, Saidapet, Chennai, 600015, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M. Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7588. [PMID: 38005310 PMCID: PMC10673433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological ailments, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), and other related diseases, have affected around 1 billion people globally to date. PD stands second among the common neurodegenerative diseases caused as a result of dopaminergic neuron loss in the midbrain's substantia nigra regions. It affects cognitive and motor activities, resulting in tremors during rest, slow movement, and muscle stiffness. There are various traditional approaches for the management of PD, but they provide only symptomatic relief. Thus, a survey for finding new biomolecules or substances exhibiting the therapeutic potential to patients with PD is the main focus of present-day research. Medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and natural bioactive molecules have been gaining much more attention in recent years as synthetic molecules orchestrate a number of undesired effects. Several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies in the recent past have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant-based bioactives. Among the plant-based bioactives, polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids are of particular interest due to their potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and brain-health-promoting properties. Further, there are no concise, elaborated articles comprising updated mechanism-of-action-based reviews of the published literature on potent, recently investigated (2019-2023) medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant based-bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids, as a method for the management of PD. Therefore, we designed the current review to provide an illustration of the efficacious role of various medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and bioactives (polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids) that can become potential therapeutics against PD with greater specificity, target approachability, bioavailability, and safety to the host. This information can be further utilized in the future to develop several value-added formulations and nutraceutical products to achieve the desired safety and efficacy for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | | | - Neeraj K. Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Manmohan Singhal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
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Prateeksha P, Naidu P, Das M, Barthels D, Das H. KLF2 Regulates Neural Differentiation of Dental Pulp-derived Stem Cells by Modulating Autophagy and Mitophagy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2886-2900. [PMID: 37642902 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of stem cells for treating neurodegenerative disorders is a promising future therapeutic approach. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the neuronal differentiation of dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSC) remains inadequately explored. The current study aims to define the regulatory role of KLF2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) during the neural differentiation (ND) of DPSC. METHODS We first investigated the transcriptional and translational expression of KLF2, autophagy, and mitophagy-associated markers during the ND of DPSC by using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot methods. After that, we applied the chemical-mediated loss- and gain-of-function approaches using KLF2 inhibitor, GGPP (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate), and KLF2 activator, GGTI-298 (geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor-298) to delineate the role of KLF2 during ND of DPSC. The western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunocytochemistry were performed to determine the molecular changes during ND after KLF2 deficiency and KLF2 sufficiency. We also analyzed the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) using the Seahorse XFe24 analyzer. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that the expression level of KLF2, autophagy, and mitophagy-associated markers were significantly elevated during the ND of DPSC. Next, we found that the KLF2 inhibitor, GGPP significantly reduced the ND of DPSC. Inversely, KLF2 overexpression accelerated the molecular phenomenon of DPSC's commitment towards ND, indicating the crucial role of KLF2 in neurogenesis. Moreover, we found that the KLF2 positively regulated autophagy, mitophagy, and the Wnt5a signaling pathway during neurogenesis. Seahorse XFe24 analysis revealed that the ECAR and OCR parameters were significantly increased during ND, and inhibition of KLF2 marginally reversed them towards DPSC's cellular bioenergetics. However, KLF2 overexpression shifted the cellular energy metabolism toward the quiescent stage. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that the KLF2 critically regulates the neurogenesis of DPSC by inducing autophagy and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateeksha Prateeksha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, ARB Suite 2116, 1406 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Prathyusha Naidu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, ARB Suite 2116, 1406 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Manjusri Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, ARB Suite 2116, 1406 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Derek Barthels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, ARB Suite 2116, 1406 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, ARB Suite 2116, 1406 South Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Yu S, Liao J, Lin X, Luo Y, Lu G. Crucial role of autophagy in propofol-treated neurological diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1274727. [PMID: 37946715 PMCID: PMC10631783 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1274727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and death globally. Currently, there is a significant concern about the therapeutic strategies that can offer reliable and cost-effective treatment for neurological diseases. Propofol is a widely used general intravenous anesthetic in the clinic. Emerging studies demonstrate that propofol exerts neuroprotective effects on neurological diseases and disorders, while its underlying pathogenic mechanism is not well understood. Autophagy, an important process of cell turnover in eukaryotes, has been suggested to involve in the neuroprotective properties developed by propofol. In this narrative review, we summarized the current evidence on the roles of autophagy in propofol-associated neurological diseases. This study highlighted the effect of propofol on the nervous system and the crucial roles of autophagy. According to the 21 included studies, we found that propofol was a double-edged sword for neurological disorders. Several eligible studies reported that propofol caused neuronal cell damage by regulating autophagy, leading to cognitive dysfunction and other neurological diseases, especially high concentration and dose of propofol. However, some of them have shown that in the model of existing nervous system diseases (e.g., cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, electroconvulsive therapy injury, cobalt chloride-induced injury, TNF-α-induced injury, and sleep deprivation-induced injury), propofol might play a neuroprotective role by regulating autophagy, thus improving the degree of nerve damage. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the neurological system by regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, calcium release, and other mechanisms, which may be associated with the interaction of a variety of related proteins and signal cascades. With extensive in-depth research in the future, the autophagic mechanism mediated by propofol will be fully understood, which may facilitate the feasibility of propofol in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xuezheng Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Guangtao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Gao Y, Yu S, Chen M, Wang X, Pan L, Wei B, Meng G. cFLIP S regulates alternative NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human monocytes. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1203-1215. [PMID: 37591930 PMCID: PMC10541859 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune responses, including inflammasome activation, are paramount for host defense against pathogen infection. In contrast to canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation, in this study, heat-killed gram-negative bacteria (HK bacteria) were identified as single-step stimulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes, and they caused a moderate amount of IL-1β to be released from cells. Time course experiments showed that this alternative inflammasome response was finished within a few hours. Further analysis showed that the intrinsically limited NLRP3 inflammasome activation response was due to the negative regulation of caspase-8 by the short isoform of cFLIP (cFLIPs), which was activated by NF-κB. In contrast, overexpressed cFLIPS, but not overexpressed cFLIPL, inhibited the activation of caspase-8 and the release of IL-1β in response to HK bacteria infection in human monocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TAK1 activity mediated the expression of cFLIPs and was upstream and essential for the caspase-8 cleavage induced by HK bacteria in human monocytes. The functional specificity of cFLIPs and TAK1 revealed unique responses of human monocytes to a noninvasive pathogen, providing novel insights into an alternative regulatory pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shi Yu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengdan Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
- Nanjing Advanced Academy of Life and Health, Nanjing, 211135, Jiangsu, China.
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36
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Lee HS, Choi CI. Black Goji Berry ( Lycium ruthenicum Murray): A Review of Its Pharmacological Activity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4181. [PMID: 37836464 PMCID: PMC10574788 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LRM; commonly known as black goji berry or black wolfberry), a plant in the Solanaceae family, grows in the deserts of China's Qinghai-Tibet plateau. LRM is widely consumed in traditional Chinese medicine, and its fruits are frequently used as herbal remedies to treat heart disease, fatigue, inflammation, and other conditions. Many studies have reported that LRM is rich in functional phytochemicals, such as anthocyanins and polysaccharides, and has various pharmacological actions. This article reviews research on the biological and pharmacological effects of the constituents of LRM fruits. LRM has various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-radiation, immune-enhancing, anti-tumor, and protective effects. LRM has much promise as a dietary supplement for preventing many types of chronic metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
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Eugenín J, Eugenín-von Bernhardi L, von Bernhardi R. Age-dependent changes on fractalkine forms and their contribution to neurodegenerative diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1249320. [PMID: 37818457 PMCID: PMC10561274 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1249320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1), a member of the CX3C subfamily, contributes to neuron-glia interaction and the regulation of microglial cell activation. Fractalkine is expressed by neurons as a membrane-bound protein (mCX3CL1) that can be cleaved by extracellular proteases generating several sCX3CL1 forms. sCX3CL1, containing the chemokine domain, and mCX3CL1 have high affinity by their unique receptor (CX3CR1) which, physiologically, is only found in microglia, a resident immune cell of the CNS. The activation of CX3CR1contributes to survival and maturation of the neural network during development, glutamatergic synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, cognition, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory regulation in the adult brain. Indeed, the various CX3CL1 forms appear in some cases to serve an anti-inflammatory role of microglia, whereas in others, they have a pro-inflammatory role, aggravating neurological disorders. In the last decade, evidence points to the fact that sCX3CL1 and mCX3CL1 exhibit selective and differential effects on their targets. Thus, the balance in their level and activity will impact on neuron-microglia interaction. This review is focused on the description of factors determining the emergence of distinct fractalkine forms, their age-dependent changes, and how they contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Changes in the balance among various fractalkine forms may be one of the mechanisms on which converge aging, chronic CNS inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Eugenín
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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Anghel L, Ciubară A, Nechita A, Nechita L, Manole C, Baroiu L, Ciubară AB, Mușat CL. Sleep Disorders Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2898. [PMID: 37761265 PMCID: PMC10527657 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common in various neurological pathologies, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple system atrophy (MSA), hereditary ataxias, Huntington's disease (HD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This article reviews the prevalence and characteristics of sleep disorders in these conditions, highlighting their impact on patients' quality of life and disease progression. Sleep-related breathing disorders, insomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movement syndrome (PLMS), and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are among the common sleep disturbances reported. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions play crucial roles in managing sleep disturbances and enhancing overall patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucreția Anghel
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.N.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Ciubară
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.N.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Ioan’ Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Luiza Nechita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.N.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania;
| | - Corina Manole
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.N.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania;
| | - Liliana Baroiu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (L.N.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Cuv. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Alexandru Bogdan Ciubară
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania;
| | - Carmina Liana Mușat
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania;
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania;
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Pozojevic J, Spielmann M. Single-Cell Sequencing in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:553-561. [PMID: 37552451 PMCID: PMC10435411 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are typically characterized by late onset progressive damage to specific (sub)populations of cells of the nervous system that are essential for mobility, coordination, strength, sensation, and cognition. Addressing this selective cellular vulnerability has become feasible with the emergence of single-cell-omics technologies, which now represent the state-of-the-art approach to profile heterogeneity of complex tissues including human post-mortem brain at unprecedented resolution. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the experimental workflow of single-cell RNA sequencing and summarize the recent knowledge acquired with it in the most common neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. We also discuss the possibility of applying single-cell approaches in the diagnostics and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the limitations. While we are currently at the point of deeply exploring the transcriptomic changes in the affected cells, further technological developments hold a promise of manipulating the affected pathways once we understand them better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pozojevic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- Human Molecular Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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40
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Liu X, Yang L, Zhang G, Ling J. Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic Antioxidant Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in Brain Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4909-4923. [PMID: 37191855 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Human life and health are gravely threatened by brain diseases. The onset and progression of the illnesses are influenced by a variety of factors, including pathogenic causes, environmental factors, mental issues, etc. According to scientific studies, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the development and incidence of brain diseases by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative tissue damage to induce inflammation and apoptosis. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and oxidative stress-related changes are inseparable factors in the etiology of several brain diseases. Numerous neurodegenerative diseases have undergone substantial research into the therapeutic alternatives that target oxidative stress, the function of oxidative stress, and the possible therapeutic use of antioxidants. Formerly, tBHQ is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant, which has been widely used as a food additive. According to recent researches, tBHQ can suppress the processes that lead to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which offers a fresh approach to treating brain diseases. In order to achieve the goal of decreasing inflammation and apoptosis, tBHQ is a specialized nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activator that decreases oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant status by upregulating the Nrf2 gene and reducing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activity. This article reviews the effects of tBHQ on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in recent years and looks into how tBHQ inhibits neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through human, animal, and cell experiments to play a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, depression, and Parkinson's disease (PD). It is anticipated that this article will be useful as a reference for upcoming research and the creation of drugs to treat brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Jianya Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Aghamohamadi N, Shahba F, Zarezadeh Mehrabadi A, Khorramdelazad H, Karimi M, Falak R, Emameh RZ. Age-dependent immune responses in COVID-19-mediated liver injury: focus on cytokines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139692. [PMID: 37654571 PMCID: PMC10465349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is potentially pathogenic and causes severe symptoms; in addition to respiratory syndromes, patients might experience other severe conditions such as digestive complications and liver complications injury. The abnormality in the liver is manifested by hepatobiliary dysfunction and enzymatic elevation, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The direct cytopathic effect, immune dysfunction, cytokine storm, and adverse effects of therapeutic regimens have a crucial role in the severity of liver injury. According to aging and immune system alterations, cytokine patterns may also change in the elderly. Moreover, hyperproduction of cytokines in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 can lead to multi-organ dysfunction. The mortality rate in elderly patients, particularly those with other comorbidities, is also higher than in adults. Although the pathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver has been widely studied, the impact of age and immune-mediated responses at different ages remain unclear. This review discusses the association between immune system responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients of different ages and liver injury, focusing on cytokine alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Aghamohamadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shahba
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarezadeh Mehrabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Milad Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Pukoli D, Vécsei L. Smouldering Lesion in MS: Microglia, Lymphocytes and Pathobiochemical Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12631. [PMID: 37628811 PMCID: PMC10454160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Immune cell infiltration can lead to permanent activation of macrophages and microglia in the parenchyma, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. Thus, neurodegeneration that begins with acute lymphocytic inflammation may progress to chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to underlie the development of so-called smouldering lesions. These lesions evolve from acute inflammatory lesions and are associated with continuous low-grade demyelination and neurodegeneration over many years. Their presence is associated with poor disease prognosis and promotes the transition to progressive MS, which may later manifest clinically as progressive MS when neurodegeneration exceeds the upper limit of functional compensation. In smouldering lesions, in the presence of only moderate inflammatory activity, a toxic environment is clearly identifiable and contributes to the progressive degeneration of neurons, axons, and oligodendrocytes and, thus, to clinical disease progression. In addition to the cells of the immune system, the development of oxidative stress in MS lesions, mitochondrial damage, and hypoxia caused by the resulting energy deficit and iron accumulation are thought to play a role in this process. In addition to classical immune mediators, this chronic toxic environment contains high concentrations of oxidants and iron ions, as well as the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. In this review, we will discuss how these pathobiochemical markers and mechanisms, alone or in combination, lead to neuronal, axonal, and glial cell death and ultimately to the process of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and then discuss the concepts and conclusions that emerge from these findings. Understanding the role of these pathobiochemical markers would be important to gain a better insight into the relationship between the clinical classification and the pathomechanism of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Pukoli
- Department of Neurology, Esztergomi Vaszary Kolos Hospital, 2500 Esztergom, Hungary;
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged (ELKH-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Chandy T. Intervention of next-generation sequencing in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: challenges and future prospects. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20220025. [PMID: 37577182 PMCID: PMC10417152 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of several neurodegenerative disorders based on clinical phenotype is challenging due to its heterogeneous nature and overlapping disease manifestations. Therefore, the identification of underlying genetic mechanisms is of paramount importance for better diagnosis and therapeutic regimens. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing, it becomes easier to identify all gene variants in the genome simultaneously, with a system-wide and unbiased approach. Presently various bioinformatics databases are maintained on discovered gene variants and phenotypic indications are available online. Since individuals are unique in their genome, evaluation based on their genetic makeup helps evolve the diagnosis, counselling, and treatment process at the personal level. This article aims to briefly summarize the utilization of next-generation sequencing in deciphering the genetic causes of Alzheimer's disease and address the limitations of whole genome and exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijimol Chandy
- MedGenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore-560100, Karnataka, India
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Nowell J, Blunt E, Gupta D, Edison P. Antidiabetic agents as a novel treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101979. [PMID: 37328112 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders have commonly targeted individual aspects of the disease pathogenesis to little success. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by several pathological features. In AD and PD, there is an abnormal accumulation of toxic proteins, increased inflammation, decreased synaptic function, neuronal loss, increased astrocyte activation, and perhaps a state of insulin resistance. Epidemiological evidence has revealed a link between AD/PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus, with these disorders sharing some pathological commonalities. Such a link has opened up a promising avenue for repurposing antidiabetic agents in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. A successful therapeutic strategy for AD/PD would likely require a single or several agents which target the separate pathological processes in the disease. Targeting cerebral insulin signalling produces numerous neuroprotective effects in preclinical AD/PD brain models. Clinical trials have shown the promise of approved diabetic compounds in improving motor symptoms of PD and preventing neurodegenerative decline, with numerous further phase II trials and phase III trials underway in AD and PD populations. Alongside insulin signalling, targeting incretin receptors in the brain represents one of the most promising strategies for repurposing currently available agents for the treatment of AD/PD. Most notably, glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have displayed impressive clinical potential in preclinical and early clinical studies. In AD the GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, has been demonstrated to improve cerebral glucose metabolism and functional connectivity in small-scale pilot trials. Whilst in PD, the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide is effective in restoring motor function and cognition. Targeting brain incretin receptors reduces inflammation, inhibits apoptosis, prevents toxic protein aggregation, enhances long-term potentiation and autophagy as well as restores dysfunctional insulin signalling. Support is also increasing for the use of additional approved diabetic treatments, including intranasal insulin, metformin hydrochloride, peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor γ agonists, amylin analogs, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors which are in the investigation for deployment in PD and AD treatment. As such, we provide a comprehensive review of several promising anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nowell
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Blunt
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dhruv Gupta
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK; School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Bakirtzis C, Lima M, De Lorenzo SS, Artemiadis A, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Konstantinidou N, Sintila SA, Boziki MK, Parissis D, Ioannidis P, Karapanayiotides T, Hadjigeorgiou G, Grigoriadis N. Secondary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders in the Elderly: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2126. [PMID: 37570367 PMCID: PMC10418902 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary demyelinating diseases comprise a wide spectrum group of pathological conditions and may either be attributed to a disorder primarily affecting the neurons or axons, followed by demyelination, or to an underlying condition leading to secondary damage of the myelin sheath. In the elderly, primary demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis, are relatively uncommon. However, secondary causes of CNS demyelination may often occur and in this case, extensive diagnostic workup is usually needed. Infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccinal demyelination may be observed, attributed to age-related alterations of the immune system in this population. Osmotic disturbances and nutritional deficiencies, more commonly observed in the elderly, may lead to conditions such as pontine/extrapontine myelinolysis, Wernicke encephalopathy, and demyelination of the posterior columns of the spinal cord. The prevalence of malignancies is higher in the elderly, sometimes leading to radiation-induced, immunotherapy-related, or paraneoplastic CNS demyelination. This review intends to aid clinical neurologists in broadening their diagnostic approach to secondary CNS demyelinating diseases in the elderly. Common clinical conditions leading to secondary demyelination and their clinical manifestations are summarized here, while the current knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is additionally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Bakirtzis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Lima
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Sotiria Stavropoulou De Lorenzo
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Artemios Artemiadis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia CY-2029, Cyprus; (A.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Natalia Konstantinidou
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Styliani-Aggeliki Sintila
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Marina-Kleopatra Boziki
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Parissis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Theodoros Karapanayiotides
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
| | | | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (S.S.D.L.); (P.T.); (E.K.); (N.K.); (S.-A.S.); (M.-K.B.); (D.P.); (P.I.); (T.K.); (N.G.)
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Mutti V, Carini G, Filippini A, Castrezzati S, Giugno L, Gennarelli M, Russo I. LRRK2 Kinase Inhibition Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Cytotoxicity in Animal Models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease-Related Neuroinflammation. Cells 2023; 12:1799. [PMID: 37443833 PMCID: PMC10340668 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intriguingly, in the last decade, leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2), a gene mutated in familial and sporadic PD, was revealed as a key mediator of neuroinflammation. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory properties of LRRK2 inhibitors have started to be considered as a disease-modifying treatment for PD; however, to date, there is little evidence on the beneficial effects of targeting LRRK2-related neuroinflammation in preclinical models. In this study, we further validated LRRK2 kinase modulation as a pharmacological intervention in preclinical models of AD- and PD-related neuroinflammation. Specifically, we reported that LRRK2 kinase inhibition with MLi2 and PF-06447475 (PF) molecules attenuated neuroinflammation, gliosis and cytotoxicity in mice with intracerebral injection of Aβ1-42 fibrils or α-syn preformed fibrils (pffs). Moreover, for the first time in vivo, we showed that LRRK2 kinase activity participates in AD-related neuroinflammation and therefore might contribute to AD pathogenesis. Overall, our findings added evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects of LRRK2 kinase inhibition in preclinical models and indicate that targeting LRRK2 activity could be a disease-modifying treatment for NDDs with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mutti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.)
| | - Giulia Carini
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.)
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Filippini
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.)
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Castrezzati
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorena Giugno
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.)
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (V.M.)
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Zohar K, Lezmi E, Reichert F, Eliyahu T, Rotshenker S, Weinstock M, Linial M. Coordinated Transcriptional Waves Define the Inflammatory Response of Primary Microglial Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10928. [PMID: 37446105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary role of microglia is to maintain homeostasis by effectively responding to various disturbances. Activation of transcriptional programs determines the microglia's response to external stimuli. In this study, we stimulated murine neonatal microglial cells with benzoyl ATP (bzATP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and monitored their ability to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. When cells are exposed to bzATP, a purinergic receptor agonist, a short-lived wave of transcriptional changes, occurs. However, only combining bzATP and LPS led to a sustainable and robust response. The transcriptional profile is dominated by induced cytokines (e.g., IL-1α and IL-1β), chemokines, and their membrane receptors. Several abundant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are induced by bzATP/LPS, including Ptgs2os2, Bc1, and Morrbid, that function in inflammation and cytokine production. Analyzing the observed changes through TNF (Tumor necrosis factor) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells) pathways confirmed that neonatal glial cells exhibit a distinctive expression program in which inflammatory-related genes are upregulated by orders of magnitude. The observed capacity of the microglial culture to activate a robust inflammatory response is useful for studying neurons under stress, brain injury, and aging. We propose the use of a primary neonatal microglia culture as a responsive in vitro model for testing drugs that may interact with inflammatory signaling and the lncRNA regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Zohar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elyad Lezmi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Fanny Reichert
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Tsiona Eliyahu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shlomo Rotshenker
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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48
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Li Y, Ying W. Methylene blue reduces the serum levels of interleukin-6 and inhibits STAT3 activation in the brain and the skin of lipopolysaccharide-administered mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181932. [PMID: 37325623 PMCID: PMC10266349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is valuable to search for novel and economical agents for inhibiting STAT3 activation and blocking increases in IL-6 levels, due to the important roles of STAT3 and IL-6 in inflammation. Since Methylene Blue (MB) has shown therapeutical potential for multiple diseases, it has become increasingly important to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of MB on inflammation. Using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of MB on inflammation, obtaining the following findings: First, MB administration attenuated the LPS-induced increases in the serum levels of IL-6; second, MB administration attenuated LPS-induced STAT3 activation of the brain; and third, MB administration attenuated LPS-induced STAT3 activation of the skin. Collectively, our study has suggested that MB administration can decrease the levels of IL-6 and STAT3 activation - two important factors in inflammation. Since MB is a clinically used and relatively economical drug, our findings have suggested therapeutic potential of MB for multiple inflammation-associated diseases due to its effects on STAT3 activation and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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49
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Guo JZ, Xiao Q, Wu L, Chen F, Yin JL, Qin X, Gong TT, Wu QJ. Ovarian Cancer and Parkinson's Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082961. [PMID: 37109305 PMCID: PMC10146810 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) and Parkinson's disease (PD) represent a huge public health burden. The relationship of these two diseases is suggested in the literature while not fully understood. To better understand this relationship, we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian ran-domization analysis using genetic markers as a proxy. (2) Methods: Utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with PD risk, we assessed the association between genetically predicted PD and OC risk, overall and by histotypes, using summary statistics from previously conducted genome-wide association studies of OC within the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Similarly, we assessed the association between genetically predicted OC and PD risk. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the main method to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of interest. (3) Results: There was no significant association between genetically predicted PD and OC risk: OR = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.88-1.03), or between genetically predicted OC and PD risk: OR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.61-1.06). On the other hand, when examined by histotypes, a suggestive inverse association was observed between genetically predicted high grade serous OC and PD risk: OR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84-0.99). (4) Conclusions: Overall, our study did not observe a strong genetic association between PD and OC, but the observed potential association between high grade serous OC and reduced PD risk warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zeng Guo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Fa Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jia-Li Yin
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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Ceylan MF, Tural Hesapcioglu S, Kanoğlu Yüksekkaya S, Erçin G, Yavas CP, Neşelіoğlu S, Erel O. Changes in neurofilament light chain protein (NEFL) in children and adolescents with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Early period neurodegeneration. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:342-347. [PMID: 37003244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Neurofilament light chain protein (NEFL), is defined as a structural protein which exists particularly in axones of neurons and is released to the cerum in consequence of neuroaxonal damage. The aim of this study is to investigate the peripheral cerumNEFLlevels of children and adolescents with early onset schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. METHOD In this study, we evaluated serum levels of NEFL in children and adolescents (13-17 years) with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy control group. The study is conducted with 35 schizophrenia, 38 bipolar disorder manic episode patients and 40 healthy controls. RESULTS The median age of the patient and control groups was 16 (IQR- Interquartile Range: 2). There was no statistical difference in median age (p = 0.52) and gender distribution(p = 0.53) between groups. NEFL levels of the patients with schizophrenia were significantly higher than the controls. NEFL levels of the patients with bipolar disorder were significantly higher than the controls. Serum levels of NEFL of the schizophrenia were higher than the bipolar disorder; however, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, serum NEFL level, as a confidential marker of neural damage, is increased in the children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This result may indicatea degenerative period in neurons of children and adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and may play a role in the pathophisiology of these disorders. This result shows that there is neuronal damage in both diseases, but neuronal damage may be more in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Ceylan
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Selma Tural Hesapcioglu
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Kanoğlu Yüksekkaya
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Görkem Erçin
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Pınar Yavas
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelіoğlu
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey
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