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Wang W, Wang Y, Shao K, Lei Z, Cheng L, Wang F, Wen X, Xiao P, Qin X, Yang L. Global, regional, and national burden of bullying related mental disorders of adolescent from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Psychiatry Res 2024; 341:116154. [PMID: 39217828 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the burden of mental disorders in adolescents related to bullying victimization at the global, regional, and national levels. We analyzed adolescent mental disorder disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to bullying in 204 countries, following the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 framework. The DALYs rate of adolescent for bullying-related mental disorders global increased from 110.45 (95 % uncertainty intervals (UI): 40.76, 218.62) per 100,000 in 1990 to 138.92 (95 % UI: 54.37, 268.19) per 100,000 in 2019. The largest increase in DALYs rates were obvious in low-SDI and high-SDI regions. In 2019, the DALYs rate of adolescents with bullying-related anxiety disorders was 1.4 times higher than those depressive disorders; the DALYs rate of adolescents with bullying-related mental disorder in females was 1.3 times higher than that of male, and older adolescent (15-19 years old) was 1.4 times higher than younger adolescent (10-14 years old). High-income North America had the fastest increase in DALYs rates of mental disorders related to bullying. In general, a positive correlation was observed between bullying DALY rate of adolescent and SDIs at the regional and national levels. Our study highlights significant disparities in adolescent mental health burden from bullying. Governments must implement adaptive policies to address diverse needs effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihe Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kaixu Shao
- Department of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Psychological counseling clinic, People' s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lianrong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Jinan Nanshan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaqing Qin
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Lejin Yang
- Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Jankowski MS, Legasse AJ, Marques V, Delcourt ML, Haigh EAP. The smallest things make me emotional! Emotion reactivity in non-suicidal self-injury: trait, state, and physiological differences. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1309187. [PMID: 39246311 PMCID: PMC11378346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1309187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study sought to clarify the role of emotion reactivity in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) by examining three forms of emotion reactivity (physiological and self-reported trait and state reactivity) among a sample of young adults with or without a history of NSSI. Materials and methods Seventy-six adults (M age = 20.97, 73.7% female) participated in a semi-structured clinical interview to determine NSSI history and completed a measure of trait emotion reactivity. Participants then provided state emotion reactivity ratings before and after a social rejection task, recovery period, and positive mood induction while physiological data was continuously recorded. Results Although individuals with a history of NSSI perceived themselves to be more emotionally reactive, these participants were not more physiologically reactive, nor were their state reactivity ratings significantly different from individuals without a history of NSSI. Discussion Results suggest increased emotionality in response to a stressor is within normal bounds and not unique to individuals with a history of NSSI, and provide implications for future research on the etiology and treatment of NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Jankowski
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- State Forensic Service, Augusta, ME, United States
| | - Aubrey J Legasse
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | | | - Meaghan L Delcourt
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Emily A P Haigh
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Tabares ASG, Restrepo JE, Zapata-Lesmes G. The effect of bullying and cyberbullying on predicting suicide risk in adolescent females: The mediating role of depression. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115968. [PMID: 38820653 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper analyzed the role of depression as a mediator in the association between bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide risk in adolescent females. A total of 751 Colombian adolescent females (M= 13.71, SD=1.897), who were administered the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and Cyberbullying. Bullying victimization and aggression and cyberbullying victimization were found to contribute statistically significant effects that explaining 22 % of the variance in depression. The variables of victimization in bullying and cyberbullying and depression explained 64 % of the variance in suicidal risk, and depression mediated the association between victim and aggressor roles in bullying and cyberbullying in predicting suicidal risk, whose total direct and indirect effects are statistically significant. The findings support the role of depression as a mediating variable between bullying and cyberbullying and suicidal risk in female adolescents and highlight the importance of focusing prevention and intervention efforts on risk factors for depression and suicidal behavior in cases of bullying and cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyerson Stiths Gómez Tabares
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health and Welfare. Psychology Program, Luis Amigó Catholic University, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Emiro Restrepo
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Tecnológico de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gastón Zapata-Lesmes
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health and Welfare. Psychology Program, Luis Amigó Catholic University, Manizales, Colombia
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Tsomokos DI, Slavich GM. Bullying fosters interpersonal distrust and degrades adolescent mental health as predicted by Social Safety Theory. NATURE MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 2:328-336. [PMID: 38682098 PMCID: PMC11052587 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Social Safety Theory predicts that socially threatening experiences such as bullying degrade mental health partly by fostering the belief that others cannot be trusted. Here we tested this prediction by examining how peer bullying in childhood impacted adolescent mental health, and whether this effect was mediated by interpersonal distrust and several other commonly studied mediators-namely diet, sleep and physical activity-in 10,000 youth drawn from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. Youth bullied in childhood developed more internalizing, externalizing and total mental health problems in late adolescence, and this effect was partially mediated by interpersonal distrust during middle adolescence. Indeed, adolescents who developed greater distrust were approximately 3.5 times more likely to subsequently experience clinically significant mental health problems than those who developed less distrust. Individual and school-based interventions aimed at reducing the negative impact of bullying on mental health may thus benefit from bolstering youths' sense of trust in others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Li T, Chen B, Li Q, Wu X, Li Y, Zhen R. Association between bullying victimization and post-traumatic stress disorders among Chinese adolescents: a multiple mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:758. [PMID: 37848816 PMCID: PMC10580599 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research that focused on the mechanisms underlying the relation between school bullying victimization and PTSD ignored the simultaneous effect of emotional and cognitive factors, which may limit our comprehensive understanding of their roles. Besides, most researchers included non-bullying victims in data analysis, and this may mask the true effect among bullying victims. The present study aimed to explore the relation between bullying victimization and PTSD, and the mediating roles of social anxiety, loneliness, and rumination, after filtering out non-bullying victims. MATERIALS AND METHODS In April 2019, we used convenience sampling to recruit 5013 students from Grade 10 and 11 in two high schools in Anhui Province, China. The mean age of these students was 16.77 (SD = 0.92) years. They completed five self-report questionnaires including the Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student Chinese Revision (DBVS-S), the modified PTSD Checklist, the Social Anxiety Scale, the Adolescent Loneliness Scale, and the Rumination Scale. Further, a total of 443 bullying victims were screened out for this study according to the critical score of the DBVS-S. RESULTS The results showed that bullying victimization had a direct and positive association with PTSD among adolescents (β = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.046-0.252). Bullying victimization was positively associated with PTSD through increasing adolescents' social anxiety (β = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.017-0.105), as well as through increasing their loneliness (β = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.109-0.215). In addition, bullying victimization was positively associated with PTSD through social anxiety via loneliness (β = 0.04, 95%CI: 0.013-0.067), as well as through loneliness via rumination (β = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.003-0.033). Bullying victimization was also positively associated with PTSD through a three-step path from social anxiety to rumination via loneliness (β = 0.004, 95%CI: 0.001-0.009). CONCLUSIONS Social anxiety, loneliness, and rumination have important mediating effects in the relation between bullying victimization and adolescents' PTSD, in which emotional factors (e.g., social anxiety, loneliness) are more crucial than cognitive factors (e.g., rumination). Intervention should pay more attention to timely alleviate victims' emotional problems to reduce the risk of developing PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Li
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qian Li
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318 Yuhangtang Street, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Hamal M, Kekkonen V, Kraav SL, Kivimäki P, Rissanen ML, Hintikka J, Tolmunen T. Depression and dissociation mediate the association between bullying victimization and self-cutting. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:676-685. [PMID: 37314765 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2222698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization is experienced by more than 10% of children and adolescents worldwide and has been associated with numerous negative mental health consequences, such as depression and dissociation. AIMS We investigated the association between bullying victimization and self-cutting in a Finnish adolescent population and whether depression and dissociation act as mediators in this association. METHODS We used cross-sectional questionnaire data from Finnish students (age 13-18; N = 3345; boys n = 1454; girls n = 1891). Logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS Bullying victimized adolescents were younger, more likely to be afraid to go to school, had fewer friends, felt lonelier, and had a poorer relationship with family members, as well as higher level of depressive and dissociative symptoms compared to non-bullied adolescents. According to logistic regression analysis, the association between bullying and self-cutting remained significant despite all other adjustments besides those for depressive symptoms. In serial mediation analysis, depressive and dissociative symptoms mediated the effect of bullying victimization on self-cutting, regardless of their order in the model. CONCLUSIONS Self-cutting is more common among bullying victimized adolescents than their peers. The association is mediated by depressive and dissociative symptoms. More studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms via which depressive and dissociative symptoms interact with the association between bullying and self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Hamal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Kekkonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Kivimäki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Rissanen
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, South-Eastern University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Hintikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Warne N, Heron J, Mars B, Solmi F, Biddle L, Gunnell D, Hammerton G, Moran P, Munafò M, Penton‐Voak I, Skinner A, Stewart A, Bould H. Emotional dysregulation in childhood and disordered eating and self-harm in adolescence: prospective associations and mediating pathways. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:797-806. [PMID: 36541428 PMCID: PMC10152493 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation may be a risk factor for disordered eating and self-harm in young people, but few prospective studies have assessed these associations long-term, or considered potential mediators. We examined prospective relationships between childhood emotional dysregulation and disordered eating and self-harm in adolescence; and social cognition, emotional recognition, and being bullied as mediators. METHODS We analysed Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children data on 3,453 males and 3,481 females. We examined associations between emotional dysregulation at 7 years and any disordered eating and any self-harm at 16 years with probit regression models. We also assessed whether social cognition (7 years), emotional recognition (8 years) and bullying victimisation (11 years) mediated these relationships. RESULTS Emotional dysregulation at age 7 years was associated with disordered eating [fully adjusted probit B (95% CI) = 0.082 (0.029, 0.134)] and self-harm [fully adjusted probit B (95% CI) = 0.093 (0.036, 0.150)] at age 16 years. There was no evidence of sex interactions or difference in effects between self-harm and disordered eating. Mediation models found social cognition was a key pathway to disordered eating (females 51.2%; males 27.0% of total effect) and self-harm (females 15.7%; males 10.8% of total effect). Bullying victimisation was an important pathway to disordered eating (females 17.1%; males 10.0% of total effect), but only to self-harm in females (15.7% of total effect). Indirect effects were stronger for disordered eating than self-harm. CONCLUSIONS In males and females, emotional dysregulation in early childhood is associated with disordered eating and self-harm in adolescence and may be a useful target for prevention and treatment. Mediating pathways appeared to differ by sex and outcome, but social cognition was a key mediating pathway for both disordered eating and self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Warne
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Becky Mars
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Lucy Biddle
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
| | - David Gunnell
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Paul Moran
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
| | - Marcus Munafò
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of BristolBristolUK
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Ian Penton‐Voak
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of BristolBristolUK
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Andy Skinner
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Integrative Cancer Epidemiology ProgrammeBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Anne Stewart
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Helen Bould
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation TrustGloucesterUK
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Bowman K, Cadman T, Goncalves Soares A, Robinson O, Hughes A, Heron J, Segal AB, Huerta MC, Howe LD. Mediators of the association between childhood body mass index and educational attainment: Analysis of a UK prospective cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13014. [PMID: 36823984 PMCID: PMC10909521 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood is associated with lower academic achievement. OBJECTIVE To explore potential pathways linking childhood BMI with educational attainment. METHODS Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children prospective cohort study (N = 6949), we assessed the association between BMI z-scores at 11.7 years and educational attainment at 16 (General Certificate of Secondary Education [GCSE] results). Depressive symptoms, externalizing behaviours, bullying and school enjoyment were considered as potential mediators. Mediators were examined individually and jointly using sequential causal mediation. RESULTS Higher BMI z-scores were associated with lower GCSE scores (females β = -3.47 95% CI -5.54, -1.41 males β = -4.33 95% CI -6.73, -1.94). Together, bullying, externalizing symptoms, depressive symptoms and school enjoyment mediated 41.9% of this association in females, and 23.3% in males. In males, evidence for mediation was weak (confidence intervals for all indirect effects spanned the null). In both females and males, most of the mediation was driven by externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental effect of higher BMI on educational attainment appears to be partly explained by externalizing behaviours, particularly in females. Interventions to support behavioural problems may help the academic achievement of children with a higher body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Bowman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Tim Cadman
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ana Goncalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amanda Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jon Heron
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alexa Blair Segal
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy InnovationImperial College Business SchoolLondonUK
| | - Maria Carmen Huerta
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy InnovationImperial College Business SchoolLondonUK
| | - Laura D. Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Does Being Ignored on WhatsApp Hurt? A Pilot Study on the Effect of a Newly Developed Ostracism Task for Adolescents. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052056. [PMID: 36902843 PMCID: PMC10004513 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Many studies have used a well-known social exclusion task, namely Cyberball, to assess the psychophysiological reactions to ostracism in laboratory settings. However, this task has been recently criticized for its lack of realism. Instant messaging communication platforms are currently central communication channels where adolescents conduct their social life. These should be considered when recreating the emotional experiences that fuel the development of negative emotions. To overcome this limitation, a new ostracism task, namely SOLO (Simulated On-Line Ostracism), recreating hostile interactions (i.e., exclusion and rejection) over WhatsApp was developed. The aim of this manuscript is to compare adolescents' self-reported negative and positive affect, as well as physiological reactivity (i.e., heat rate, HR; heart rate variability, HRV) exhibited during SOLO to Cyberball. (2) Method: A total of 35 participants (Mage = 15.16; SD = 1.48; 24 females) took part in the study. The first group (n = 23; transdiagnostic group), recruited at an inpatient and outpatient unit of a clinic for children and adolescent psychiatry, psychotherapy, and psychosomatic therapy in Baden-Württemberg (Germany), reported clinical diagnoses linked with emotional dysregulation (e.g., self-injury and depression). The second group (n = 12; control group), recruited in the district of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, had no pre-existing clinical diagnoses. (3) Results: The transdiagnostic group showed higher HR (b = 4.62, p < 0.05) and lower HRV (b = 10.20, p < 0.01) in SOLO than in Cyberball. They also reported increased negative affect (interaction b = -0.5, p < 0.01) after SOLO but not after Cyberball. In the control group, no differences in either HR (p = 0.34) or HRV (p = 0.08) between tasks were found. In addition, no difference in negative affect after either task (p = 0.83) was found. (4) Conclusion: SOLO could be an ecologically valid alternative to Cyberball when assessing reactions to ostracism in adolescents with emotional dysregulation.
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Bond N, McLafferty M, Lapsley C, Ennis E, Murray E, Heenan D, O’Neill S. Familial and Bullying Victimisation: The Impact of Early Adversity Within the Home and Peer Settings on Late Adolescence and Adult Psychopathology. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:43-53. [PMID: 36776629 PMCID: PMC9908779 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awareness of adverse childhood experiences and their impact on adult psychopathology primarily focuses on adversities within the home. There is limited insight into the impact of adversities across peer environments. OBJECTIVE This study investigates 19 items related to adverse experiences across the home, school and peer environments and their relationship to 12-month and lifetime psychopathology. DATA Secondary analysis of the Ulster University Student Well-being Study. The dataset included completed responses across all selected variables for 729 participants. METHOD AND RESULTS Latent profile analysis identified a low adversity profile, bullying adversity profile and higher prevalence adversity profile. Regression analysis of the three profiles and demographics variables indicated their impact on adult psychopathology lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates. CONCLUSION Schools and HE institutions should acknowledge the impact of childhood adversities. In doing so, it is important to consider the deeper impact of bullying due to its links with psychopathology across the lifespan. Educational institutions should take appropriate steps to mitigate continued exposure as students' progress through the education system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Bond
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - M. McLafferty
- Centre for Personalised Medicine, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - C. Lapsley
- Centre for Personalised Medicine, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - E. Ennis
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - E. Murray
- Centre for Personalised Medicine, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - D. Heenan
- School of Applied Social and Policy Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland
| | - S.M. O’Neill
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Saxena S, Liu L, Pollock N, McFaull SR. Self-harm emergency department visits in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a sentinel surveillance system. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10:1. [PMID: 36604736 PMCID: PMC9815059 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-022-00411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, though the prevalence tends to be highest among adolescents. As an indicator in suicide surveillance, the incidence of self-harm is useful because it is sensitive to social, environmental, and economic conditions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the epidemiology of self-harm has varied across contexts. This study aims to investigate the changes in self-harm emergency department visits in 2020 compared to a pre-pandemic period in 2018-2019. METHODS Self-harm emergency department visits were extracted from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program database from 2018 to 2020. We compared the data in 2020 with the pre-pandemic baseline in 2018-2019. We examined the changes in volume, the percentages of self-harm cases among all intentional injuries by sex, age group, and the proportions of self-harm cases by method of injury. We also quantified the time trends of the percentages of self-harm cases among all intentional injuries using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS The overall volume of emergency visits related to self-harm was higher in 2020 during weeks 24-51 compared to the average volumes for the same weeks of 2018-2019. Percentage of self-harm among all intentional injury emergency department visits was significantly higher by 6.1% among females (p < 0.05) and by 5.3% among males in 2020 than in 2018-2019 (p < 0.05). The 11-to-18-year age group showed an increase in the percentage of self-harm among all intentional injury emergency department visits by 7.4% in 2020 when compared to 2018-2019. Time trend analyses showed that the percentages of self-harm among all intentional injury emergency department visits were higher during weeks 4-52 in 2020 than in 2018-2019, for both males and females. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of emergency department visits related to self-harm among all intentional injury visits were higher during 2020 than in 2018-2019. These results underscore the importance of continued surveillance of self-harm in Canada to better understand the sociodemographic factors affecting self-harm and to inform the prevention strategies and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Saxena
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Li Liu
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Nathaniel Pollock
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822School of Arctic and Subarctic Studies, Labrador Campus, Memorial University, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL Canada
| | - Steven R. McFaull
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
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Wilson E, Crudgington H, Morgan C, Hirsch C, Prina M, Gayer‐Anderson C. The longitudinal course of childhood bullying victimization and associations with self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in children and young people: A systematic review of the literature. J Adolesc 2023; 95:5-33. [PMID: 36210652 PMCID: PMC10092090 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bullying victimization has consistently been highlighted as a risk factor for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in young people. This systematic review of prospective, community-based studies explored associations between bullying victimization (traditional/face-to-face and cyber) across the full spectrum of self-harm and suicidality, in children and young people aged up to (and including) 25 years. Importantly, associations by sex/gender were explored. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus were searched for articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Articles were screened by title, abstract and full text. Quality appraisal was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Data were synthesized narratively. The protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021261916) and followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. RESULTS A total of 35 papers were included, across 17 countries. Results were presented by bullying type: traditional/face-to-face (n = 25), cyber (n = 7) and/or an aggregate of both types (n = 7). Outcomes included suicidal ideation (n = 17), self-harm (n = 10), suicide attempt (n = 4), NSSI (n = 4), other (n = 7). Studies measured outcomes in under 18s (n = 24), 18-25-year-olds (n = 8) and both under 18s and 18-25-year-olds (n = 3). Studies exploring the role of sex/gender (20%) found some interesting nuances. CONCLUSIONS Some weak to strong associations between bullying and SITBs were found yet conclusions are tentative due to study heterogeneity (e.g., methods used, conceptualizations and operationalisations of exposures/outcomes). Future research should address methodological issues raised in this review, and further explore gender differences in bullying, including by bullying sub-types (e.g., overt or relational) and victim status (e.g., victim or bully-victim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilson
- Department of Health Service & Population ResearchInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Holly Crudgington
- Department of Health Service & Population ResearchInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Service & Population ResearchInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Colette Hirsch
- Department of PsychologyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal HospitalKentUK
| | - Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service & Population ResearchInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Charlotte Gayer‐Anderson
- Department of Health Service & Population ResearchInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College LondonLondonUK
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13
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John A, Lee SC, Puchades A, Del Pozo-Baños M, Morgan K, Page N, Moore G, Murphy S. Self-harm, in-person bullying and cyberbullying in secondary school-aged children: A data linkage study in Wales. J Adolesc 2023; 95:97-114. [PMID: 36210647 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the evidence base on bullying victimization and self-harm in young people has been growing, most studies were cross-sectional, relied on self-reported non-validated measures of self-harm, and did not separate effects of in-person and cyberbullying. This study aimed to assess associations of self-harm following in-person bullying at school and cyberbullying victimization controlling for covariates. METHODS School survey data from 11 to 16 years pupils collected in 2017 from 39 Welsh secondary schools were linked to routinely collected data. Inverse probability weighting was performed to circumvent selection bias. Survival analyses for recurrent events were conducted to evaluate relative risks (adjusted hazard ratios [AHR]) of self-harm among bullying groups within 2 years following survey completion. RESULTS A total of 35.0% (weighted N = 6813) of pupils reported being bullied, with 18.1%, 6.4% and 10.5% being victims of in-person bullying at school only, cyberbullying only and both in-person bullying at school and cyberbullying respectively. Adjusting for covariates, effect sizes for self-harm were significant after being in-person bullied at school only (AHR = 2.2 [1.1-4.3]) and being both in-person bullied at school and cyberbullied (AHR = 2.2 [1.0-4.7]) but not being cyberbullied only (AHR = 1.2 [0.4-3.3]). Feeling lonely during recent summer holidays was also a robust predictor (AHR = 2.2 [1.2-4.0]). CONCLUSIONS We reaffirm the role of in-person bullying victimization on self-harm. Pupils were twice as likely to self-harm following in-person bullying as their nonvictimised peers. Interventions for young people that minimize the potential impacts of bullying on self-harm should also include strategies to prevent loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann John
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Cardiff, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sze Chim Lee
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Alice Puchades
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcos Del Pozo-Baños
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly Morgan
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas Page
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Seiffert N, Cavelti M, Josi J, Reichl C, Koenig J, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Kaess M. Zusammenhang zwischen unterschiedlichen Mobbingerfahrungen und der Ausprägung von Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungsmerkmalen bei Jugendlichen in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2023. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Theroretischer Hintergrund: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Mobbing(–Arten) und der Ausprägung der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) bei Jugendlichen. Methode: 513 konsekutiv rekrutierte, jugendliche Patient_innen nahmen an einer umfassenden Diagnostik teil. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Häufigkeit von Mobbingerfahrungen und der Anzahl der BPS-Kriterien wurde mit Hilfe von ordinalen logistischen Regressionen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Jugendliche Patient_innen, die in den vergangenen drei Monaten mehrmals pro Woche gemobbt wurden, wiesen eine stärkere BPS-Symptomatik auf als Jugendliche ohne Mobbingerfahrung (OR = 3.47, CI = 2.32 – 5.18, p < 0.001). Soziales Mobbing und Bedrohen erwiesen sich als wichtigste Prädiktoren für den Schweregrad der BPS-Symptomatik. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Häufigere Mobbingerfahrungen, insbesondere sozialer und bedrohender Art, waren mit mehr Symptomen der BPS assoziiert. Programme zur Prävention von Mobbing an Schulen sollten gefördert sowie in der Behandlung von Patienten thematisiert werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Seiffert
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
| | - Marialuisa Cavelti
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
| | - Johannes Josi
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
| | - Corinna Reichl
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
| | - Julian Koenig
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Köln, und Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
| | - Michael Kaess
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Zentrum für psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutschland
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15
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Lin LY, Chien YN, Chen YH, Wu CY, Chiou HY. Bullying Experiences, Depression, and the Moderating Role of Resilience Among Adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:872100. [PMID: 35692326 PMCID: PMC9174695 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resilience refers to the ability to adapt to difficult situation or adversity. Resilience is what gives people the psychological strength to cope with stress and hardship. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between resilience and bullying victimization and mental health problems. But whether the moderating effect of resilience against depression varies among victims of different types of bullying victimization remains unknown. Methods The study used data from the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study (TAALS), which was a school based, nationwide, longitudinal study conducted among adolescents in Taiwan. Between 2015 and 2019, the survey was repeated three times to capture changes in health behaviors. Meanwhile, our study is a cross-sectional study focusing on the 2nd follow-up survey of the TAALS, where we recruited 4,771 Grade 7 (12-13 years) and Grade 10 (15-16 years) students who had experienced bullying at school. Results This study confirms the protective effect of resilience on depression among adolescents who have experienced bullying. The mode resilience score was used as a reference group. Compared to the reference group, victims of verbal bullying from the lowest resilience group were at the greatest risk of depression (OR = 5.91, CI = 4.38-7.99). Compared to the reference group, victims of cyber bullying from the highest resilience group had the lowest risk of depression (OR = 0.72, CI = 0.57-0.90). Conclusion Regardless of the type of bullying victimization, resilience has been shown to offer protection against depression. Specifically, higher resilience levels offer the greatest protection against depression for victims of cyber bullying compared to other three types of bullying victimization. Early interventions to reduce negative effects of bullying victimization may start with increasing an individual's resilience during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Lin
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Chien
- Master Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Tapei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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16
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Al-Bitar ZB, Sonbol HN, Al-Omari IK, Badran SA, Naini FB, AL-Omiri MK, Hamdan AM. Self-harm, dentofacial features, and bullying. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Al-Bitar ZB, Hamdan AM, Al-Omari IK, Naini FB, Gill DS, Al-Omiri MK. Is self-harm among orthodontic patients related to dislike of dentofacial features and oral health-related quality of life? Angle Orthod 2022; 92:240-246. [PMID: 34878532 PMCID: PMC8887399 DOI: 10.2319/060421-448.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between self-reported self-harm and dislike of dentofacial features and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anonymous, self-reporting questionnaires were completed by 699 school children (aged 13-14 years), representing over 1% of the age group in Amman, Jordan. Participants were invited from 23 randomly selected schools in 10 educational directorates. OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14). Self-harm was assessed using a constructed self-reporting questionnaire. The relationship between OHRQoL and self-harm was assessed and significant findings were identified at probability of α = 0.05. RESULTS Over one-quarter of schoolchildren (26.9%, n = 88) admitted self-harming behavior. Self-harm was reported to be due to dislike of dentofacial appearance among 12.9% of participants (n = 90). Higher CPQ 11-14 total scores and individual dimension scores were associated with the presence of self-harm (P < .001). High self-harm incidence was reported among participants who had dentofacial features that affected appearance (P < .001). Among subjects admitting self-harm, the frequency of self-harming behavior ranged from once to over 10 times per year. CONCLUSIONS Significant relationships were found between self-harm and dislike of dentofacial features and OHRQoL.
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18
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Healy KL, Thomas HJ, Sanders MR, Scott JG. Empirical and theoretical foundations of family interventions to reduce the incidence and mental health impacts of school bullying victimization. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:140-153. [PMID: 35699098 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2045260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bullying victimisation is a serious risk factor for mental health problems in children and adolescents. School bullying prevention programs have consistently produced small to moderate reductions in victimisation and perpetration. However, these programs do not necessarily help all students affected by bullying. Paradoxically whole-school programs lead to higher levels of depression and poorer self-esteem for students who continue to be victimised after program implementation. This may be because some elements of whole-school programs make victims more visible to their peers, thus further eroding their peer social status. Three main identified risk factors for children and adolescents who continue to be victimised following school bullying prevention programs are peer rejection, internalising problems, and lower quality parent-child relationships. All are potentially modifiable through family interventions. A large body of research demonstrates the influence of families on children's social skills, peer relationships and emotional regulation. This paper describes the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence for reducing the incidence and mental health outcomes of school bullying victimisation through family interventions. Family interventions should be available to complement school efforts to reduce bullying and improve the mental health of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Healy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Hannah J Thomas
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Matthew R Sanders
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Qld, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia.,Metro North Mental Health Service, Herston, Qld, Australia
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19
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Borderline Personality Disorder: Risk Factors and Early Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112142. [PMID: 34829488 PMCID: PMC8620075 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders (PDs) exert a great toll on health resources, and this is especially true for borderline personality disorder (BPD). As all PDs, BPD arises during adolescence or young adulthood. It is therefore important to detect the presence of this PD in its earlier stages in order to initiate appropriate treatment, thus ameliorating the prognosis of this condition. This review aims to highlight the issues associated with BPD diagnosis in order to promote its early detection and treatment. To do so, we conducted a search on PubMed database of current evidence regarding BPD early diagnosis, focusing on risk factors, which represent important conditions to assess during young patient evaluation, and on diagnostic tools that can help the clinician in the assessment process. Our findings show how several risk factors, both environmental and genetic/neurobiological, can contribute to the onset of BPD and help identify at-risk patients who need careful monitoring. They also highlight the importance of a careful clinical evaluation aided by psychometric tests. Overall, the evidence gathered confirms the complexity of BDP early detection and its crucial importance for the outcome of this condition.
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20
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Donati MA, Beccari C, Bacherini A, Capitanucci D, Primi C. Psychometric properties of the short UPPS-P scale in adolescents: Gender, age invariance, and validity among italian youth. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106987. [PMID: 34034003 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct associated with poor planning skills, difficulty in maintaining attention, and behavioral disinhibition-especially in conditions of highly activated affective states. Impulsivity plays a prominent role in adolescents, in whom high levels of impulsivity expose them to a greater risk of exhibiting risky behaviors or developing pathological conditions. Currently, one of the most popular frameworks to explain and assess impulsivity is the UPPS-P, which distinguishes between five impulsivity components, and from which the UPPS-P Scale and its short form are derived. In light of the relatively low number of psychometric analyses of the scale in adolescents, this study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the Short UPPS-P Scale among Italian adolescents. The participants were 647 adolescents (68% males, mean age = 16.9, SD = 1.1 years). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor model of the scale, which was found to be invariant across gender and age and to have had good internal consistency values. Gender and age differences were also investigated. Evidence for validity was provided by supporting relationships between specific UPPS dimensions, gambling frequency, problem gambling, and problematic use of social networks. Overall, the findings showed that the Short UPPS-P Scale is a promising instrument to assess the multidimensional construct of impulsivity in adolescents in both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Donati
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Carola Beccari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Bacherini
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Primi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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21
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Zhao S, Hu J, Li D, Wan Y, Zhao L, Fang J, Zhang S. Associations of being bullied and non-suicidal self-injury with suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Seong E, Noh G, Lee KH, Lee JS, Kim S, Seo DG, Yoo JH, Hwang H, Choi CH, Han DH, Hong SB, Kim JW. Relationship of Social and Behavioral Characteristics to Suicidality in Community Adolescents With Self-Harm: Considering Contagion and Connection on Social Media. Front Psychol 2021; 12:691438. [PMID: 34326799 PMCID: PMC8315269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A close link has been established between self-harm and suicide risk in adolescents, and increasing attention is given to social media as possibly involved in this relationship. It is important to identify indicators of suicidality (i.e., suicide ideation or attempt) including aspects related to contagion in online and offline social networks and explore the role of social media in the relationship between social circumstances and suicidality in young adolescents with self-harm. This study explored characteristics of Korean adolescents with a recent history of self-harm and identified how behavioral and social features explain lifetime suicidality with emphasis on the impact of social media. Data came from a nationwide online survey among sixth- to ninth-graders with self-harm during the past 12 months (n = 906). We used χ2 tests of independence to explore potential concomitants of lifetime suicidality and employed a multivariate logistic regression model to examine the relationship between the explanatory variables and suicidality. Sensitivity analyses were performed with lifetime suicide attempt in place of lifetime suicidality. 33.9% (n = 306) and 71.2% (n = 642) reported to have started self-harm by the time they were fourth- and six-graders, respectively; 44.3% (n = 400) reported that they have friends who self-harm. Having endorsed moderate/severe forms and multiple forms of self-harm (OR 5.36, p < 0.001; OR 3.13, p < 0.001), having engaged in self-harm for two years or more (OR 2.42, p = 0.001), having friends who self-harm (OR 1.92, p = 0.013), and having been bullied at school were associated with an increased odds of lifetime suicidality (OR 2.08, p = 0.004). Notably, having posted content about one's self-harm on social media during the past 12 months was associated with an increased odds of lifetime suicidality (OR 3.15, p < 0.001), whereas having seen related content in the same period was not. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results with lifetime suicide attempt, supporting our findings from the logistic regression. The current study suggests that self-harm may be prevalent from early adolescence in South Korea with assortative gathering. The relationship of vulnerable adolescents' social circumstances to suicide risk may be compounded by the role of social media. As the role of social media can be linked to both risk (i.e., contagion) and benefit (i.e., social connection and support), pre-existing vulnerabilities alongside SH and what online communication centers on should be a focus of clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Seong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gahye Noh
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Sojung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Gi Seo
- Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunchan Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Beom Hong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Fontenelle LF, Destrée L, Brierley ME, Thompson EM, Yücel M, Albertella L. Are different stressful or traumatic life events related to types of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders? An online study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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24
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Thorisdottir AS, Asmundson G. Internet-delivered cognitive processing therapy for individuals with a history of bullying victimization: a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2021; 51:143-169. [PMID: 34184620 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1938663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test an internet-delivered version of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for the psychological distress associated with bullying victimization. The sample comprised 52 adults (i.e. 69.20% women; mean age = 43.37 (SD = 12.47); 3.85% ethnic minority) who self-identified as having a lifetime history of bullying victimization. Participants were randomized into three groups, which received 12 sessions of internet-delivered, therapist-guided, and content-modified version of CPT, 12 sessions of internet-delivered and therapist-guided stress management (SM), or a waitlist. Treatment outcomes included maladaptive trauma appraisals, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, general anxiety and stress, social anxiety, and anger. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyse the data. Findings indicated that CPT was effective in reducing the strength of maladaptive appraisals related to bullying victimization and symptoms of PTSD compared to the waitlist and SM. SM outperformed CPT and the waitlist in reducing symptoms of depression, general anxiety, and stress. In conclusion, the results of this trial suggest that internet-delivered CPT is effective for the psychological distress and maladaptive appraisals associated with bullying victimization but that adaptions might be needed to target more effectively symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Jones A, Plumb AM, Sandage MJ. Social Media as a Platform for Cyberbullying of Individuals With Craniofacial Anomalies: A Preliminary Survey. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2021; 52:840-855. [PMID: 34029122 DOI: 10.1044/2021_lshss-20-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The primary aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which individuals with facial and/or speech differences secondary to a craniofacial anomaly experienced bullying through social media platforms during late school age and adolescence. Method Using an online survey platform, a questionnaire was distributed via several public and private social media groups designated for individuals with craniofacial anomaly and their caregivers. Results The majority of participants (n = 38; 88.4%) indicated they had been bullied during late school-age and adolescence and that they believed this was due to their facial difference and/or speech disorder (n = 27; 71.1%). Almost one third indicated they had been victims of cyberbullying during this time (n = 12; 31.6%) with the most common venues being texting and Facebook. Despite the large percentage of participants who reported being bullied through social media, half (n = 6) indicated they did not often report these instances of cyberbullying. Conclusions As social media use continues to increase, it appears inevitable that cyberbullying will occur. Particularly vulnerable to both traditional and cyberbullying are individuals with craniofacial anomalies. Because of the specialized training of speech-language pathologists, school-based speech-language pathologists are in a unique position to play a key role in school-wide antibullying efforts and to educate school personnel on ways in which to support the needs of children with craniofacial anomalies both inside and outside of the classroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Jones
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Allison M Plumb
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Mary J Sandage
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
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26
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Longitudinal associations between justice sensitivity, nonsuicidal self-injury, substance use, and victimization by peers. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1560-1572. [PMID: 33910661 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Justice sensitivity (JS), the tendency to perceive and negatively respond to alleged injustice, has been associated with a range of internalizing and externalizing problems and peer victimization; however, it remains unclear if it has an association with self-victimization. Participants (N = 769) reported on their JS longitudinally at 9-19 (T1), 11-21 (T2), and 14-22 years of age (T3). They further reported on nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and illegal substance use as indicators of self-victimization as well as victimization by peers at T2 and T3. A cross-lagged latent model revealed that victim JS at T1 was positively associated with NSSI, substance use, and peer victimization at T2, and victim JS at T2 was positively associated with substance use at T3. Higher observer JS at T2 predicted higher illegal substance use at T3 and higher illegal substance use at T2 predicted higher observer JS at T3. Finally, higher peer victimization at T2 predicted less perpetrator JS at T3 in the total group. Multigroup models further revealed sex-specific effects. Our findings highlight that being sensitive to injustice, particularly the tendency to feel unfairly treated or being taken advantage of, contributes to individuals' vulnerability to both engaging in behaviors reflecting self-victimization and being a target of peer victimization, which in turn have influences on JS.
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Myklestad I, Straiton M. The relationship between self-harm and bullying behaviour: results from a population based study of adolescents. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:524. [PMID: 33785014 PMCID: PMC8011108 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to better understand the association between bullying behaviour (the bullied, the bullies and the bully-victims) and self-harm, and which protective factors moderate this association. Methods A total of 16,182 adolescents, aged 12 to 19 years, were invited to participate in the cross-sectional Ung-data survey. This survey covered various aspects of young people’s lives. The response rate was 87%. To assess the relationship between self-harm and bulling behaviour, and psychological- and environmental covariates, we conducted logistic regression analyses. In addition, we tested for potential interaction effects between protective factors and the three bullying groups on self-harm. Results Fifteen percent of participating adolescents reported engaging in self-harm during the last year. The risk of self-harm was six times higher for the “bully-victims”, five times higher for the bullied, and three times higher for the bullies, compared to the “neither-bullied nor bullies”. The risk of self-harm in the face of being bullied was significantly greater for girls than boys. Depression, anxiety and parental conflict accounted for some of the association between being bullied and self-harm, and between bully-victims and self-harm. School behavioural problems accounted for some of the association between the bullies and self-harm and the bully-victims and self-harm. The relationship between the bullied and self-harm was significantly moderated by parental support and school well-being, while the relationship between “bully-victims” and self-harm was moderated by school well-being. Conclusion There is a strong link between bullying and self-harm. Interventions to address bullying may reduce self-harm. Our findings also suggest that high levels of parental support and school well-being may buffer the harmful relationship between bullying behaviour and self-harm. Addressing these factors may be important in reducing the risk of self-harm among those experiencing bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingri Myklestad
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Melanie Straiton
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway
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Lyons-Ruth K, Brumariu LE. Emerging child competencies and personality pathology: toward a Developmental Cascade model of BPD. Curr Opin Psychol 2021. [PMID: 32818836 DOI: 10.1016/j.co-psyc.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The guiding principle of this synthesis is to organize research on predictors of BPD features within a developmentally specific framework (e.g. infancy, preschool, middle childhood, adolescence). In addition, studies are prioritized that have longitudinal and observational components. On the basis of current literature, a Developmental Cascade Model of BPD is offered in which specific difficulties during one developmental period contribute to specific difficulties in a succeeding period, resulting in increasingly broad areas of dysregulation over time. Furthermore, to address specificity, we contrast trajectories toward BPD with trajectories toward antisocial behavior, noting shared and divergent predictors. The review highlights the importance of locating research findings in relation to the competencies and challenges of particular developmental periods when modelling developmental trajectories toward BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlen Lyons-Ruth
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Hospital, 1493 Cambridge St., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Laura E Brumariu
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, 158 Cambridge Ave., Garden City, NY 11530, United States
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29
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Ran H, Cai L, He X, Jiang L, Wang T, Yang R, Xu X, Lu J, Xiao Y. Resilience mediates the association between school bullying victimization and self-harm in Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:115-120. [PMID: 32810666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between school bullying and self-harm (SH) in adolescents has been extensively discussed. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of this relationship, particularly the role of resilience. Our research aimed to explore and evaluate the potential moderation and mediation of resilience in the association between school bullying victimization and SH in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. METHOD We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey of 3146 adolescents in southwest China. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate Logistic regression which incorporated the product term of bullying victimization and resilience was used to estimate the moderation of resilience. Mediation of resilience in bullying victimization and SH were evaluated by path model. RESULTS The prevalence of bullying involvement and SH were 13.13% (95% CI:9.31%-18.00%) and 47.0% (95% CI: 36.3%-58.0%), respectively. School bullying victimization was positively associated with SH. Resilience was a prominent mediator which accounted for 27.7% of the total association. Among all five dimensions of resilience, emotion regulation (30.90%), interpersonal assistance (24.78%), and family support (22.16%) showed the strongest mediation. Nevertheless, the moderation of resilience in this association was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that resilience strengthening measures, particularly those aimed at improving emotion regulation ability and building social support could be effective in reducing school bullying victimization related SH behaviors among Chinese teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Ran
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Le Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xingting He
- Lincang Psychiatry Hospital, Lincang, Yunnan, China
| | - Linling Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Tianlan Wang
- Lincang Psychiatry Hospital, Lincang, Yunnan, China
| | - Runxu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Bellino S. Trauma and psychopathology associated with early onset BPD: an empirical contribution. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 131:54-59. [PMID: 32927365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prodromal symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) often arise in young age, especially in early adolescence. Several factors for early BPD onset have been identified to consent a precocious detection of high-risk population. The present study is aimed: (1) to identify what psychopathological, traumatic, and functional factors are significantly associated to early onset in a sample of BPD patients and (2) to evaluate what factors are associated to the time interval between symptoms onset and first psychiatric visit (Δ age). Participants were enrolled from BPD outpatients attending the Center for Personality Disorder of the University of Turin, Italy. Patients were tested with assessment instruments for specific BPD symptoms, exposure to traumatic experiences, global functioning, and perception of quality of life. All variables that were found significant at a bivariate analysis were included in two multiple regressions (stepwise backward), with the age of onset and the Δ age as dependent variables. Significance level was P ≤ 0.05. Seventy patients were included in the study (68 completers). Factors that were found related to age of onset were: CTQ-SF emotional abuse (P = 0.001); ACE-IQ bully victimization (P = 0.005), alcohol/drug abuser in the household (P = 0.001), and physical neglect (P = 0.006); BIS non-planning impulsivity (P = 0.005); and SOFAS score (P = 0.033). Factors that were found related to Δ age were: ACE-IQ total score (P = 0.001) and BIS total score (P = 0.001). Earlier onset of BPD is mainly associated to traumatic events, including abuse, neglect, dysfunction in household environment, and bullying. Earlier onset is also related to a worse social functioning. Among BPD symptoms only non-planning impulsivity was found associated to early onset. A higher number of traumatic events and worse impulsive dyscontrol induce a significant reduction of the time interval between onset and first psychiatric observation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Italy
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31
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Kranhold AL, Voigt B, Wolke D, Krause K, Friedrich S, Margraf J, Schneider S. [Bullying experiences in outpatients of a child and adolescent psychotherapy centre - A particularly vulnerable group?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2020; 49:101-114. [PMID: 33170081 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bullying experiences in outpatients of a child and adolescent psychotherapy centre - A particularly vulnerable group? Abstract. Objective: Bullying has both short- and long-term effects on physical and mental health. Thus, more victimized children might tend to be found in clinical samples. This is the first study to examine the prevalence of bullying roles and modes in children/adolescents in a psychotherapeutic outpatient setting in Germany. Method: 298 outpatients being treated in a child/adolescent psychotherapy centre (6-20 years, 50.7 % female) completed a questionnaire concerning their bullying experiences over the last 6 months. Results: 24.5 % of the patients reported from a victim's perspective, independent of being perpetrators of bullying. 19.1 % reported solely as victims, 5.4 % as victims who also bullied (bully-victims), and 2.0 % as bullies. More than one-third of those with victim or bully-victim experiences had been polyvictimized, 86.2 % were victims solely of traditional bullying, and 1.4 % solely of cyberbullying. The exploratory comparison to general-population school samples seems to show significantly more patients with victim experiences and significantly less patients who bullied others. There seem to be no significant effects for bully-victims. Compared to an inpatient sample, significantly fewer adolescent patients seem to state being victims or bully-victims. Conclusions: Bullying is a topic of particular importance in the context of psychotherapy. These findings have implications for the psychotherapeutic practice as well as training settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Luisa Kranhold
- Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland.,Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Babett Voigt
- Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Karen Krause
- Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland
| | - Sören Friedrich
- Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Klinische Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland
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Brumariu LE, Owen MT, Dyer N, Lyons-Ruth K. Developmental Pathways to BPD-Related Features in Adolescence: Infancy to Age 15. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:104-129. [PMID: 32539619 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The self-damaging behaviors central to borderline personality disorder (BPD) become prominent in adolescence. Current developmental theories cite both early family processes and childhood dysregulation as contributors to BPD, but longitudinal data from infancy are rare. Using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development database (SECCYD; N = 1,364), we examined path models to evaluate parent and child contributors from infancy/preschool, middle childhood, and adolescence to adolescent BPD-related features. In addition, person-centered latent class analyses (LCA) investigated whether adolescent BPD-related features were more strongly predicted by particular patterns of maladaptive parenting. Path modeling identified unique influences of maternal insensitivity and maternal depression on BPD-related features, first, through social-emotional dysregulation in middle childhood, and second, through continuity from infancy in maternal insensitivity and depression. LCA results indicated that early withdrawn parenting was particularly predictive of BPD-related features in adolescence. Results suggest multiple points of intervention to alter pathways toward adolescent borderline psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Brumariu
- Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York
| | | | - Nazly Dyer
- Institutional Data Analytics, University of Houston-Downtown
| | - Karlen Lyons-Ruth
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Emerging child competencies and personality pathology: toward a Developmental Cascade model of BPD. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 37:32-38. [PMID: 32818836 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The guiding principle of this synthesis is to organize research on predictors of BPD features within a developmentally specific framework (e.g. infancy, preschool, middle childhood, adolescence). In addition, studies are prioritized that have longitudinal and observational components. On the basis of current literature, a Developmental Cascade Model of BPD is offered in which specific difficulties during one developmental period contribute to specific difficulties in a succeeding period, resulting in increasingly broad areas of dysregulation over time. Furthermore, to address specificity, we contrast trajectories toward BPD with trajectories toward antisocial behavior, noting shared and divergent predictors. The review highlights the importance of locating research findings in relation to the competencies and challenges of particular developmental periods when modelling developmental trajectories toward BPD.
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34
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Burgess Dowdell E, Noel J. Risk Behaviors of High School Students Who Report Knowing Someone Who Self-Harms. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:415-420. [PMID: 31944136 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1663568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-harm involves the direct and deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent and is identified as a maladaptive attempt to cope with stressful emotions. This descriptive, correlational study used a secondary analysis of 5,411 high school students where 72% (n = 3,895) reported knowing someone who had cut or tried to harm themselves in some other way. Students who reported knowing someone who self-harms were more likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, and use drugs. These students also reported higher rates of bullying, cyberbullying, in addition to Internet risk taking with sexting, and receiving sexts. Nurses, practitioners, and other professionals are in key roles to assess risk taking behaviors in adolescents. Focused health interventions and educational programs that emphasize screening, prevention, risk reduction and safety in addition to long-term impact are imperative to detect vulnerable and at-risk adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Noel
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Pediatric ICU, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nguyen HTL, Nakamura K, Seino K, Vo VT. Relationships among cyberbullying, parental attitudes, self-harm and suicidal behavior among adolescents: results from a school-based survey in Vietnam. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:476. [PMID: 32276608 PMCID: PMC7146902 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid and widespread development of social networking sites has created a venue for an increase in cyberbullying among adolescents. Protective mechanisms and actions must be considered, such as how proximal family factors can prevent self-harm and suicidal behaviors among adolescents exposed to cyberbullying. The present study examined the associations among cyberbullying, parental attitudes, self-harm, and suicidal behaviors after adjusting for confounding factors. Methods Data were obtained from a school-based survey of randomly selected grade 6 students (11 years old) performed in Hue City, Vietnam, in 2018. A total of 648 students were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire based on the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Univariate, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed at 95% confidence level. Results After adjusting for gender, perceived academic pressure, unhealthy behaviors, use of Internet devices, school bullying, and family living situation, a significantly higher risk of self-harm was detected among those who had experienced cyberbullying (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 2.97; 95% CI, 1.32–6.71). Parental acceptance retained a significant association with self-harm and suicidal behavior (P < 0.05) while parental concentration did not exhibit a significant association in a multivariable logistic regression model. In addition, suicidal ideation and suicidal planning were associated with an interaction effect between cyberbullying and parental concentration (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.94 and AOR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06–0.87, respectively). Conclusion Cyberbullying has become an important phenomenon associated with self-harm among young adolescents in developing countries, and parental acceptance in proxy of parental attitude was positively related with severe mental health issues among adolescents. Thus, sufficient attention in efforts to promote adolescent health should be focused on family factors in the digital era of developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thuy Linh Nguyen
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.,Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Keiko Nakamura
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Kaoruko Seino
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Van Thang Vo
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.,Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
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Winsper C, Bilgin A, Wolke D. Associations between infant and toddler regulatory problems, childhood co-developing internalising and externalising trajectories, and adolescent depression, psychotic and borderline personality disorder symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:182-194. [PMID: 31469175 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early regulatory problems (RPs) are associated with childhood internalising and externalising symptoms. Internalising and externalising symptoms, in turn, are associated with adolescent psychopathology (e.g. personality disorders, depression). We examined whether RPs are directly associated with adolescent psychopathology, or whether associations are indirect via childhood internalising and externalising symptoms. METHODS We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Mothers reported on their child's RPs at 6, 15-18 and 24-30 months, and internalising and externalising symptoms at 4, 7, 8 and 9.5 years. Adolescent psychotic, depression and BPD symptoms were assessed at 11-12 years. Children were grouped by their patterns of co-developing internalising and externalising symptoms using parallel process latent class growth analysis (PP-LCGA). Path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect associations from RPs to the three adolescent outcomes. RESULTS There were four groups of children with distinct patterns of co-developing internalising and externalising (INT/EXT) symptoms. Most children (53%) demonstrated low-moderate and stable levels of INT/EXT symptoms. A small proportion (7.7%) evidenced moderate and increasing INT and high stable EXT symptoms: this pattern was strongly predictive of adolescent psychopathology (e.g. depression at 11 years: unadjusted odds ratio = 5.62; 95% confidence intervals = 3.82, 8.27). The other two groups were differentially associated with adolescent outcomes (i.e. moderate-high increasing INT/moderate decreasing EXT predicted mother-reported depression at 12, while low stable INT/moderate-high stable EXT predicted child-reported depression at 11). In path analysis, RPs at each time-point were significantly indirectly associated with symptoms of BPD and child- and mother-reported depression symptoms via the most severe class of INT/EXT symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with a cascade model of development, RPs are predictive of higher levels of co-developing INT/EXT symptoms, which in turn increase risk of adolescent psychopathology. Clinicians should be aware of, and treat, early RPs to prevent chronic psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Winsper
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,R & I Department, Caludon Centre, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Ayten Bilgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Berlin Psychological University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Cheng AW, Chou YC, Lin FG. Psychological Distress in Bullied Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adolescents. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2019; 24:366-377. [PMID: 31089728 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bullying victimization at school is an important concern in terms of mental health, in particular, for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) adolescents who may be more vulnerable than hearing peers. This study determined the prevalence of bullying victimization among DHH adolescents in Taiwan and ascertained the relation of bullying victimization experiences and family and school variables with their psychological well-being. Data were collected from the 2011 Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study database. Multivariate regression analysis was performed on variables comprising seven items measuring psychological distress; four types of bullying victimizations; and family-, school-, and peer-related factors. Approximately 65% of DHH adolescents experienced at least one type of bullying victimization. Factors such as exclusion bullying, female gender, delayed bedtime, conflicts with parents, unfavorable relationship with parents, inability to get along with friends, dislike for school, and bullying victimization experiences increased psychological distress in the DHH adolescents. Bullying victimization of DHH adolescents is a risk factor for poor mental health. However, a good relationship of these adolescents with their parents and peers could be protective for their psychological well-being. Therefore, parents and teachers should understand the needs of DHH adolescents and establish antibullying strategies to diminish their mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Fu-Gong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center
- University of Kang Ning
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Koyanagi A, Oh H, Carvalho AF, Smith L, Haro JM, Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, DeVylder JE. Bullying Victimization and Suicide Attempt Among Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years From 48 Countries. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:907-918.e4. [PMID: 30926574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent suicide is a global public health problem. Bullying is a risk factor for suicidality in adolescence; however, global data on its association with suicide attempts are lacking, and data from low- and middle-income countries and non-Western settings are scarce. Thus, this study assessed the association between bullying victimization and suicide attempts using data from 48 countries (predominantly low- and middle-income countries) across multiple continents. METHOD Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Data on past 12-month suicide attempts and past 30-day bullying victimization were collected. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis with random effects were conducted to assess the associations. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 134,229 adolescents 12 to 15 years of age. The overall prevalences of suicide attempts and bullying victimization were 10.7% and 30.4%, respectively. After adjustment for sex, age, and socioeconomic status, bullying victimization was significantly associated with higher odds for a suicide attempt in 47 of the 48 countries studied, with the pooled odds ratio being 3.06 (95% CI 2.73-3.43). A larger number of days bullied in the past month was dose-dependently associated with higher odds for suicide attempts. The past-year prevalence of suicide attempts ranged from 5.9% for the "no bullying" group up to 32.7% for the "being bullied for 20 to 30 days/month" group (odds ratio 5.51, 95% CI 4.56-6.65). CONCLUSION Bullying victimization could be an important risk factor of suicide attempts among adolescents globally. Thus, there is an urgent need to implement effective and evidence-based interventions to address bullying to prevent suicides and suicide attempts among adolescents worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; ICREA Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Los Angeles
| | | | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; ICREA Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven University Psychiatric Center, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
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Jiang Y, Li X, Zhao J, Zhao G. Subtypes of peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and self-harm behaviors among children affected by parental HIV. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:2522-2530. [PMID: 31607774 PMCID: PMC6788860 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-019-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peer victimization is a salient stressor contributing to self-harm behaviors in children. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying this process are not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the role of depressive symptoms in the relationships between subtypes of peer victimization and self-harm behaviors among children affected by parental HIV using a prospective design. METHODS Participants in this study consisted of a subsample (N = 521, 6-12 years of age at baseline) of a larger research project on the psychological adjustment of children affected by parental HIV. Children self-reported subtypes of peer victimization including physical, verbal, and relational forms, depressive symptoms, and self-harm behaviors. RESULTS Structural equation models showed that verbal victimization, but not physical or relational victimization, was associated with increases in self-harm behaviors over a 24-month period (β = 0.18, p = .029). Moreover, the association between verbal victimization and self-harm behaviors was mediated by increases in depressive symptoms (indirect effect = 0.04, 95%CI [0.01, 0.08]), controlling for baseline self-harm behaviors, depressive symptoms, gender, AIDS orphan status, and age. In addition, such a mediation pathway was consistent across gender. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms might be a psychological mechanism linking verbal victimization to self-harm behaviors among children affected by parental HIV. The findings highlight the importance of detection of depressive symptoms as a potential way to prevent self-harm behaviors among victimized children or those at high risk of experiencing peer victimization such as children affected by parental HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- International Research Center for Psychological Health of Vulnerable Populations, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Heerde JA, Hemphill SA. Are Bullying Perpetration and Victimization Associated with Adolescent Deliberate Self-Harm? A Meta-Analysis. Arch Suicide Res 2019; 23:353-381. [PMID: 29791272 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1472690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to appraise internationally published literature investigating bullying in its association with deliberate self-harm (DSH). A systematic review and series of meta-analyses using random effects models were conducted. A total of 68 effect sizes, analyzing data from 156,284 adolescents aged 11-19 years were examined. Results showed significant associations between both traditional bullying perpetration (OR 1.81, 95% CI [1.33, 2.47], p < .0001) and victimization (OR 2.34, 95% CI [1.89, 2.89], p < .0001) and DSH. Cyber-bullying victimization (OR 3.55, 95% CI [2.71, 4.65], p < .0001) and the co-occurrence of traditional and cyber-bullying victimization (OR 3.39, 95% CI [1.56, 7.37], p = .002) were also associated with DSH. Moderator analyses showed variation in results based on methodological- and sample-level variables. Findings suggested that exposure to bullying, either as perpetrators or victims, poses risks for DSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- a Department of Paediatrics , The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- b The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Deakin University , Parkville , VIC , Australia
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Clarkson S, Charles JM, Saville CWN, Bjornstad GJ, Hutchings J. Introducing KiVa school-based antibullying programme to the UK: A preliminary examination of effectiveness and programme cost. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034319841099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bullying is an internationally recognized problem and school-based bullying is particularly pervasive. KiVa is a robustly evidenced school-based antibullying programme developed and evaluated at Turku University, Finland, and subsequently disseminated across Finland. Following a positive UK trial of Unit 2 (for 10- to 12-year-olds), further UK dissemination has taken place. This study presents (a) pupil self-reported levels of victimization and bullying prior to, and after, one year of KiVa implementation (Units 1 and 2) with 7- to 11-year-olds from 41 schools, and (b) programme training and delivery costs. Data from 41 primary schools were analysed using a linear mixed model effects analysis. Results revealed statistically significant reductions in victimization and bullying after one year of programme implementation. Ongoing costs were small, at £2.84 per Key Stage 2 pupil per annum. These promising results highlight the need for further more rigorous evaluation of KiVa in the UK, including the exploration of factors associated with effective implementation, and the importance for educators and policy makers of evaluating both impact and costs when implementing programmes to prevent and reduce bullying.
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de Cates AN, Catone G, Bebbington P, Broome MR. Attempting to disentangle the relationship between impulsivity and longitudinal self-harm: Epidemiological analysis of UK household survey data. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:114-122. [PMID: 30776948 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019827986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity may be an important risk factor in terms of future self-harm. However, the extent of this, whether it may relate to self-harm that is new in onset and/or repetition of self-harm, and the detail of any interaction with mood instability (MI) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) requires detailed examination. AIMS We used the 2000 Adult Psychiatry Morbidity Survey and an 18-month follow-up data to test hypotheses relating to the role of impulsivity, CSA and MI in the inception and persistence of self-harm. METHODS We assessed associations of impulsivity with (1) suicidal self-harm (SSH) and (2) non-SSH (NSSH) at baseline and follow-up, controlling for confounders including MI. Finally, we tested whether impulsivity mediated the relationship between CSA and self-harm. RESULTS A total of 8,580 respondents were assessed at baseline and 2,406 at follow-up as planned. Impulsivity significantly predicted emergence of new NSSH at 18-month follow-up even after adjustment for MI and other confounders. Impulsivity did not significantly predict repetition of NSSH, or repetition or new inception of SSH, even before inclusion of MI in the model. However, the absolute numbers involved were small. Cross-sectionally, impulsivity was a stronger mediator of the link between CSA and SSH (13.1%) than that between CSA and NSSH (4.8%). CONCLUSION Impulsivity may increase the risk of future development of NSSH independently of MI, which is clinically important for risk assessment. The involvement of impulsivity in the repetition of self-harm generally appears less certain. However, impulsivity may have a role in SSH in the context of previous CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad N de Cates
- 1 Unit of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,2 Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gennaro Catone
- 3 Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.,4 Faculty of Educational Sciences, Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paul Bebbington
- 5 Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Broome
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,7 Institute for Mental Health and School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Stead VE, Boylan K, Schmidt LA. Longitudinal associations between non-suicidal self-injury and borderline personality disorder in adolescents: a literature review. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2019; 6:3. [PMID: 30783532 PMCID: PMC6375156 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-019-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescent samples is similar to BPD in adults concerning clinical characteristics. A notable difference is that adolescents with BPD - and adolescents in general - are more likely than adults to present with acute symptoms such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviours. BPD is the only disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual- 5th Edition that includes a criterion of NSSI. Additionally, NSSI is purported to be a developmental precursor of BPD under the biosocial developmental model. Though much cross-sectional data have illustrated the robust association of adolescent NSSI and BPD, no review to date has summarized the longitudinal associations between these phenomena. The aim of this literature review was to summarize what is known about the longitudinal associations between adolescent NSSI and BPD symptoms. Information on the developmental course of NSSI in relation to BPD would be helpful to clinicians, as the rate of NSSI is high in adolescent populations, and research indicates early, possibly BPD-specific interventions are imperative. METHODS A literature search was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases and cited reference searches. Criteria included studies of adolescents (age ≤ 18 at baseline) from either epidemiological or clinical samples, incorporating a longitudinal design, with predictors and outcomes of interest, including both NSSI and BPD diagnosis/symptoms/traits. RESULTS Six independent samples were identified that matched our search criteria.The articles were grouped and reported on separately by population type (epidemiological vs. clinical), and directionality of relations. We identified two epidemiological and four clinical samples. Five samples examined the longitudinal associations of NSSI preceding BPD, three samples measured BPD in adolescence (baseline age ≤ 18), and two of those samples measured BPD at baseline. Both epidemiological studies revealed significant longitudinal associations between NSSI and later BPD/BPD symptoms; however, they differed notably in their methodologies hindering data synthesis across studies. In the clinical studies, findings of the association or predictive relations were not consistent. This is potentially due to differing methodologies, or differences in treatment effectiveness and responsiveness across the samples. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the paucity of data that are available examining the longitudinal association between NSSI and BPD within adolescent samples. Thus, it is not possible to reliably comment on how NSSI and BPD are related over time. Future studies will benefit from the measurement of BPD symptoms in very early adolescence, and concurrent measurement of NSSI as well as other forms of suicidal behaviours across adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Stead
- 1Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 King St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Khrista Boylan
- 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th, Administration - B3, Hamilton, L8N 3K7 ON Canada.,3McMaster Children's Hospital, 1200 Main St. West Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L9N 3Z5 Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- 1Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 King St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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Bozzatello P, Bellino S, Bosia M, Rocca P. Early Detection and Outcome in Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:710. [PMID: 31649564 PMCID: PMC6794381 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe and heterogeneous mental disorder that is known to have the onset in young age, often in adolescence. For this reason, it is of fundamental importance to identify clinical conditions of childhood and adolescence that present a high risk to evolve in BPD. Investigations indicate that early borderline pathology (before 19 years) predict long-term deficits in functioning, and a higher percentage of these patients continue to present some BPD symptoms up to 20 years. There is a general accordance among investigators that good competence in both childhood and early adulthood is the main predictive factor of excellent recovery in BPD patients. Some authors suggest that specific childhood personality traits can to be considered precursors of adult BPD, as well as some clinical conditions: disruptive behaviours, disturbance in attention and emotional regulation, conduct disorders, substance use disorders, and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Unfortunately, diagnosis and treatment of BPD is usually delayed, also because some clinicians are reluctant to diagnose BPD in younger individuals. Instead, the early identification of BPD symptoms have important clinical implications in terms of precocious intervention programs, and guarantees that young people with personality disorders obtain appropriate treatments. This review is aimed to collect the current evidences on early risk and protective factors in young people that may predict BPD onset, course, and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvio Bellino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Bosia
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Violent interpersonal trauma predicts aggressive thoughts and behaviors towards self and others: findings from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:1361-1370. [PMID: 30255381 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the current study is to examine the relation between adolescent traumatic event exposure and aggression directed towards the self and others. Theoretical perspectives underscore the particularly pernicious effects of violent traumas intentionally perpetrated by others in terms of negative posttraumatic outcomes. However, a careful comparison of trauma type in relation to aggression has not been done with youth. The current project, therefore, examined differences between youth with a history of violent interpersonal trauma (VIT) compared to those with a non-violent trauma type history in terms of aggressive behavior directed towards others as well as aggressive self-directed thoughts (suicidal ideation). METHOD The sample was drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication and consisted of 1928 adolescents (M = 15.4; SD = 1.47 years), each assigned to one of four age- and gender-matched trauma history groups. RESULTS Consistent with hypotheses, among trauma-exposed youth, those who had experienced or witnessed a VIT (compared to those reporting a non-VIT only) evidenced elevated aggression, even after controlling for a number of theoretically relevant covariates (e.g., gender, age, household income, demographic factors). CONCLUSION Results indicate that youth with a history of VIT may be at unique risk for experiencing aggression directed towards others and the self compared to those without this specific trauma history. This is important because trauma type is an easily assessed indicator of potentially elevated risk for these types of deleterious outcomes. Findings are situated in a research agenda aimed at continuing to refine our understanding of the link between interpersonal trauma and aggression.
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Karanikola MNK, Lyberg A, Holm AL, Severinsson E. The Association between Deliberate Self-Harm and School Bullying Victimization and the Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms and Self-Stigma: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4745791. [PMID: 30519578 PMCID: PMC6241337 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4745791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying deliberate self-harm in the young and its relationship with bullying victimization is an important public health issue. METHODS A systematic review was performed to explore evidence of the association between deliberate self-harm and school bullying victimization in young people, as well as the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and self-stigma on this association. An advanced search in the following electronic databases was conducted in January 2018: PubMed/Medline; CINAHL; PsycINFO; PsycARTICLES; Science Direct; Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were further assessed for their methodological integrity. The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for Health Services tool was applied for cross-sectional studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme instrument for the cohort studies. Only empirical quantitative studies published in the English language in peer reviewed journals during the last decade (2007-2018) aimed at exploring the association between deliberate self-harm and school bullying victimization in community-based schoolchildren with a mean age of under 20 years were included. RESULTS The reviewed cross-sectional and cohort studies (22) revealed a positive association between school bullying victimization and deliberate self-harm, including nonsuicidal self-injury, which remained statistically significant when controlled for the main confounders. The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between deliberate self-harm and school bullying victimization was confirmed. A dose-response effect was shown in the association between nonsuicidal self-injury and school bullying victimization, whilst the mediating effect of depressive symptoms needs to be further explored. No studies were found directly exploring the mediating effect of self-stigma in the association between deliberate self-harm and bullying victimization. CONCLUSION Targeted interventions aimed at eliminating victimization behaviours within the school context are therefore proposed, as well as interventions to promote healthy parenting styles for the parents of schoolchildren. Moreover, school healthcare professionals should screen students involved in bullying for self-injury, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N K Karanikola
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15, Vragadinou Street, 3041-Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Anne Lyberg
- Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, P.O. Box 235, N-3606 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Holm
- Department of Health Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bjørnsonsgt, 45, 5528 Haugesund, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Severinsson
- Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, P.O. Box 235, N-3603 Kongsberg, Norway
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Katapally TR, Thorisdottir AS, Laxer R, Leatherdale ST. The association of school connectedness and bullying involvement with multiple screen-time behaviours among youth in two Canadian provinces: a COMPASS study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2018; 38:368-379. [PMID: 30303657 PMCID: PMC6197613 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screen time, a proxy for sedentary behaviours, has emerged as a critical health determinant among youth in contemporary societies, where most aspects of youth life involve access to screen-time devices. An understudied approach to reducing screen time among youth is bullying reduction. This study aims to understand the association between bullying perpetration, victimization, youth perception of the school environment and multiple screen-time behaviours. METHODS A total of 44,861 youth aged between 13 and 18 years in two Canadian provinces completed a validated questionnaire that collected student data on health behaviours and outcomes, including multiple screen-time behaviours, bullying perpetration and victimization, and school connectedness. The outcome variables were total screen time, time spent watching television, playing video games, internet surfing, and communication- based screen-time behaviours. Using a random intercept, the final models were built using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. These models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, weekly disposable income, daylight hours, and weather variables. RESULTS Compared to youth who reported non-involvement in bullying, youth who were bullies, victims, or both bullies and victims spent on average more minutes per day in front of screens across all screen time categories. Youth who felt happy and safe at school, and who perceived their teachers as being fair, reported lower levels of multiple screen-time behaviours. CONCLUSION With non-involvement in bullying showing a strong negative association with multiple screen-time behaviours, school policies to address bullying and screen time through school connectedness could offer a novel approach in minimizing these harmful behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun R Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Laxer
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Hamada S, Kaneko H, Ogura M, Yamawaki A, Maezono J, Sillanmäki L, Sourander A, Honjo S. Association between bullying behavior, perceived school safety, and self-cutting: a Japanese population-based school survey. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2018; 23:141-147. [PMID: 32677287 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous population-based studies have examined associations between self-cutting, perceived school safety, and bullying behavior among East Asian adolescents. METHOD We examined whether bullying, victimization, and perceived school safety were associated with self-cutting by getting 1865 students with a mean age of 13.9 years (standard deviation 0.2 years) to complete questions on these variables. Psychiatric problems were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS About 5.6% of males and 11.9% females had practiced self-cutting and when we controlled these results for psychiatric symptoms, self-cutting was associated with being both a bully and a victim among males and females. In addition, self-cutting was independently associated with perceived school safety among females. Those who felt unsafe at school and were victimized were much more likely to engage in self-cutting. CONCLUSIONS Self-cutting among Japanese adolescents was linked with bullying behavior and feeling unsafe at school. Secure school environments and school-based antibullying programs could help to prevent adolescent self-injurious behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hamada
- Department of Psycho-Social Studies, School of Arts and Letters, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kaneko
- Psychological Support and Research Center for Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ogura
- Graduate School of Education, Naruto University of Education, Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Yamawaki
- Psychological Support and Research Center for Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Maezono
- Department of East-Asian Studies and Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Sillanmäki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Shuji Honjo
- Sasagawa-dori Shinshin Clinic, Yokkaichi, Japan
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Fridh M, Lindström M, Rosvall M. Associations between self-injury and involvement in cyberbullying among mentally distressed adolescents in Scania, Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:190-198. [PMID: 29857787 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818779321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate associations between self-injury and involvement in cyberbullying as a bully, victim or bully-victim among mentally distressed adolescents. METHODS Data from the public health survey of children and adolescents in Scania, Sweden 2016 were used. A questionnaire was answered anonymously in school by 9143 students in 9th grade compulsory school (response rate 77%) and 7949 students in 2nd grade of upper secondary school (response rate 73%). Students with past year (broadly defined) mental distress at least 2 weeks in a row (33% of boys and 63% of girls) were asked if they had performed self-injury (i.e. cut, superficially cut or otherwise injured themselves) past year, and those with data on self-injury and cyberbullying were included in the present study ( n=6841). Associations between self-injury and cyberbullying were investigated by multiadjusted logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among mentally distressed students, self-injury was reported by 11.7% of boys and 25.9% of girls. Age-adjusted analysis showed increasingly higher odds of self-injury among cyberbullies, cybervictims and cyberbully-victims, using non-involved as reference group (OR boys: 1.8, 2.3, 3.0; girls: 2.1, 3.2, 4.8). Associations weakened after adjustment for several potential confounders but remained significant for all cyberbullying groups except male cyberbullies, among whom significance was lost after adjustment for smoking, alcohol and narcotics. CONCLUSIONS Peer victimization in cyber space is associated with self-injury, especially among victims and bully-victims. Decreasing peer victimization is a priority, and school and health professionals need to be aware of the associations between cyberbullying and self-injury among mentally distressed adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fridh
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Social Medicine and Health Policy, Lund University, CRC, Sweden
| | - Martin Lindström
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Social Medicine and Health Policy, Lund University, CRC, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosvall
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Social Medicine and Health Policy, Lund University, CRC, Sweden.,2 Department of Public Health and CommunityMedicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lee KS, Vaillancourt T. Longitudinal Associations Among Bullying by Peers, Disordered Eating Behavior, and Symptoms of Depression During Adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:605-612. [PMID: 29641816 PMCID: PMC6137525 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Bullying by peers has been associated with disordered eating behavior and symptoms of depression among adolescents as both an antecedent and an outcome. Identification of the temporal pattern of associations among bullying by peers, disordered eating behavior, and depression in adolescence is needed for the optimal targeting of intervention and prevention. Objective To assess the concurrent and longitudinal associations among bullying by peers, disordered eating behavior, and symptoms of depression using a cascade model that controlled for within-time and across-time (ie, stability paths) associations while examining cross-lag effects. Design, Setting, and Participants In this 5-year longitudinal cohort study, 612 participants of the McMaster Teen Study were included. This ongoing Canadian study examines the associations among bullying, mental health, and educational outcomes. Data collection began in 2008 when students were in grade 5 (10 years of age) and have since been collected annually. Data analysis was performed between August 20 and October 18, 2017. Exposures Bullying by peers was assessed in grades 7 to 11 using a composite measure of 5 items. Main Outcomes and Measures Disordered eating behavior was assessed in grades 7 to 11 using the Short Screen for Eating Disorders, and depressive symptoms were assessed in grades 7 to 11 using the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Second Edition. Results The 612 students included in the analytic sample had a mean age (SD) of 13.03 (0.38) years in grade 7; 331 (54.1%) were girls and 392 (71.1%) were white. Bullying by peers was concurrently associated with disordered eating behavior and depressive symptoms at every time point during the 5-year period (r range [SE], 0.15-0.48 [0.04-0.08]; P < .01). Disordered eating behavior was associated longitudinally with depressive symptoms at every time point (β range [SE], 0.14-0.19 [0.06-0.08]; P < .02) and bullying by peers at 2 time points (β range [SE], 0.12-0.22 [0.06-0.07]; P < .04) in girls and boys. Conclusions and Relevance Bullying by peers was proximally associated with multiple psychopathologic symptoms, whereas symptoms of disordered eating behavior were a key risk factor for future depressive symptoms and bullying by peers. Interventions aimed at reducing problematic eating behavior in adolescents may attenuate the risk of future depressive symptoms and relational problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty S. Lee
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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