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Zhang J, Zheng X, Luo W, Sun B. Cross-domain microbiomes: the interaction of gut, lung and environmental microbiota in asthma pathogenesis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346923. [PMID: 38978703 PMCID: PMC11229079 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental and epidemiological studies underscore the vital interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, an interplay known as the "gut-lung axis". The significance of this axis has been further illuminated following the identification of intestinal microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), as key mediators in setting the tone of the immune system. Through the gut-lung axis, the gut microbiota and its metabolites, or allergens, are directly or indirectly involved in the immunomodulation of pulmonary diseases, thereby increasing susceptibility to allergic airway diseases such as asthma. Asthma is a complex outcome of the interplay between environmental factors and genetic predispositions. The concept of the gut-lung axis may offer new targets for the prevention and treatment of asthma. This review outlines the relationships between asthma and the respiratory microbiome, gut microbiome, and environmental microbiome. It also discusses the current advancements and applications of microbiomics, offering novel perspectives and strategies for the clinical management of chronic respiratory diseases like asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Perez-Garcia J, Cardenas A, Lorenzo-Diaz F, Pino-Yanes M. Precision medicine for asthma treatment: Unlocking the potential of the epigenome and microbiome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00634-1. [PMID: 38906272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a leading worldwide biomedical concern. Patients can experience life-threatening worsening episodes (exacerbations) usually controlled by anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator drugs. However, substantial heterogeneity in treatment response exists, and a subset of patients with unresolved asthma carry the major burden of this disease. The study of the epigenome and microbiome might bridge the gap between human genetics and environmental exposure to partially explain the heterogeneity in drug response. This review aims to provide a critical examination of the existing literature on the microbiome and epigenetic studies examining associations with asthma treatments and drug response, highlight convergent pathways, address current challenges, and offer future perspectives. Current epigenetic and microbiome studies have shown the bilateral relationship between asthma pharmacologic interventions and the human epigenome and microbiome. These studies, focusing on corticosteroids and to a lesser extent on bronchodilators, azithromycin, immunotherapy, and mepolizumab, have improved the understanding of the molecular basis of treatment response and identified promising biomarkers for drug response prediction. Immune and inflammatory pathways (eg, IL-2, TNF-α, NF-κB, and C/EBPs) underlie microbiome-epigenetic associations with asthma treatment, representing potential therapeutic pathways to be targeted. A comprehensive evaluation of these omics biomarkers could significantly contribute to precision medicine and new therapeutic target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Perez-Garcia
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology, and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Fabian Lorenzo-Diaz
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology, and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology, and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Ioachimescu OC. State of the art: Alternative overlap syndrome-asthma and obstructive sleep apnea. J Investig Med 2024:10815589241249993. [PMID: 38715213 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241249993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In the general population, Bronchial Asthma (BA) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are among the most prevalent chronic respiratory disorders. Significant epidemiologic connections and complex pathogenetic pathways link these disorders via complex interactions at genetic, epigenetic, and environmental levels. The coexistence of BA and OSA in an individual likely represents a distinct syndrome, that is, a collection of clinical manifestations attributable to several mechanisms and pathobiological signatures. To avoid terminological confusion, this association has been named alternative overlap syndrome (vs overlap syndrome represented by the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-OSA association). This comprehensive review summarizes the complex, often bidirectional links between the constituents of the alternative overlap syndrome. Cross-sectional, population, or clinic-based studies are unlikely to elucidate causality or directionality in these relationships. Even longitudinal epidemiological evaluations in BA cohorts developing over time OSA, or OSA cohorts developing BA during follow-up cannot exclude time factors or causal influence of other known or unknown mediators. As such, a lot of pathophysiological interactions described here have suggestive evidence, biological plausibility, potential or actual directionality. By showcasing existing evidence and current knowledge gaps, the hope is that deliberate, focused, and collaborative efforts in the near-future will be geared toward opportunities to shine light on the unknowns and accelerate discovery in this field of health, clinical care, education, research, and scholarly endeavors.
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Paciência I, Sharma N, Hugg TT, Rantala AK, Heibati B, Al-Delaimy WK, Jaakkola MS, Jaakkola JJ. The Role of Biodiversity in the Development of Asthma and Allergic Sensitization: A State-of-the-Science Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:66001. [PMID: 38935403 PMCID: PMC11218706 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in land use and climate change have been reported to reduce biodiversity of both the environment and human microbiota. These reductions in biodiversity may lead to inadequate and unbalanced stimulation of immunoregulatory circuits and, ultimately, to clinical diseases, such as asthma and allergies. OBJECTIVE We summarized available empirical evidence on the role of inner (gut, skin, and airways) and outer (air, soil, natural waters, plants, and animals) layers of biodiversity in the development of asthma, wheezing, and allergic sensitization. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in SciVerse Scopus, PubMed MEDLINE, and Web of Science up to 5 March 2024 to identify relevant human studies assessing the relationships between inner and outer layers of biodiversity and the risk of asthma, wheezing, or allergic sensitization. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022381725). RESULTS A total of 2,419 studies were screened and, after exclusions and a full-text review of 447 studies, 82 studies were included in the comprehensive, final review. Twenty-nine studies reported a protective effect of outer layer biodiversity in the development of asthma, wheezing, or allergic sensitization. There were also 16 studies suggesting an effect of outer layer biodiversity on increasing asthma, wheezing, or allergic sensitization. However, there was no clear evidence on the role of inner layer biodiversity in the development of asthma, wheezing, and allergic sensitization (13 studies reported a protective effect and 15 reported evidence of an increased risk). CONCLUSIONS Based on the reviewed literature, a future systematic review could focus more specifically on outer layer biodiversity and asthma. It is unlikely that association with inner layer biodiversity would have enough evidence for systematic review. Based on this comprehensive review, there is a need for population-based longitudinal studies to identify critical periods of exposure in the life course into adulthood and to better understand mechanisms linking environmental exposures and changes in microbiome composition, diversity, and/or function to development of asthma and allergic sensitization. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Needhi Sharma
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Timo T. Hugg
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aino K. Rantala
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Behzad Heibati
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Maritta S. Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni J.K. Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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McCauley KE, Durack J, Lynch KV, Fadrosh DW, Fujimura KE, Vundla F, Özçam M, LeBeau P, Caltroni A, Burns P, Tran HT, Bacharier LB, Kattan M, O'Connor GT, Wood RA, Togias A, Boushey HA, Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lynch SV. Early-life nasal microbiota dynamics relate to longitudinal respiratory phenotypes in urban children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1563-1573. [PMID: 38423369 PMCID: PMC11162315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five distinct respiratory phenotypes based on latent classes of longitudinal patterns of wheezing, allergic sensitization. and pulmonary function measured in urban children from ages from 0 to 7 years have previously been described. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine whether distinct respiratory phenotypes are associated with early-life upper respiratory microbiota development and environmental microbial exposures. METHODS Microbiota profiling was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA-based sequencing of nasal samples collected at age 12 months (n = 120) or age 36 months (n = 142) and paired house dust samples collected at 3 months (12-month, n = 73; 36-month, n = 90) from all 4 centers in the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) cohort. RESULTS In these high-risk urban children, nasal microbiota increased in diversity between ages 12 and 36 months (ß = 2.04; P = .006). Age-related changes in microbiota evenness differed significantly by respiratory phenotypes (interaction P = .0007), increasing most in the transient wheeze group. At age 12 months, respiratory illness (R2 = 0.055; P = .0001) and dominant bacterial genus (R2 = 0.59; P = .0001) explained variance in nasal microbiota composition, and enrichment of Moraxella and Haemophilus members was associated with both transient and high-wheeze respiratory phenotypes. By age 36 months, nasal microbiota was significantly associated with respiratory phenotypes (R2 = 0.019; P = .0376), and Moraxella-dominated microbiota was associated specifically with atopy-associated phenotypes. Analysis of paired house dust and nasal samples indicated that 12 month olds with low wheeze and atopy incidence exhibited the largest number of shared bacterial taxa with their environment. CONCLUSION Nasal microbiota development over the course of early childhood and composition at age 3 years are associated with longitudinal respiratory phenotypes. These data provide evidence supporting an early-life window of airway microbiota development that is influenced by environmental microbial exposures in infancy and associates with wheeze- and atopy-associated respiratory phenotypes through age 7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McCauley
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Juliana Durack
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kole V Lynch
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Douglas W Fadrosh
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kei E Fujimura
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Faith Vundla
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Mustafa Özçam
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Mo
| | - Meyer Kattan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - George T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Robert A Wood
- Departments of Pediatrics and Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
| | - Homer A Boushey
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis.
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
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Perdijk O, Azzoni R, Marsland BJ. The microbiome: an integral player in immune homeostasis and inflammation in the respiratory tract. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:835-879. [PMID: 38059886 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade of microbiome research has highlighted its fundamental role in systemic immune and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome plays a prominent role during gestation and into early life, when maternal lifestyle factors shape immune development of the newborn. Breast milk further shapes gut colonization, supporting the development of tolerance to commensal bacteria and harmless antigens while preventing outgrowth of pathogens. Environmental microbial and lifestyle factors that disrupt this process can dysregulate immune homeostasis, predisposing infants to atopic disease and childhood asthma. In health, the low-biomass lung microbiome, together with inhaled environmental microbial constituents, establishes the immunological set point that is necessary to maintain pulmonary immune defense. However, in disease perturbations to immunological and physiological processes allow the upper respiratory tract to act as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which can colonize the diseased lung and cause severe inflammation. Studying these host-microbe interactions in respiratory diseases holds great promise to stratify patients for suitable treatment regimens and biomarker discovery to predict disease progression. Preclinical studies show that commensal gut microbes are in a constant flux of cell division and death, releasing microbial constituents, metabolic by-products, and vesicles that shape the immune system and can protect against respiratory diseases. The next major advances may come from testing and utilizing these microbial factors for clinical benefit and exploiting the predictive power of the microbiome by employing multiomics analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Perdijk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rossana Azzoni
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Morimoto C, Matsumoto H, Nomura N, Sunadome H, Nagasaki T, Sato S, Sato A, Oguma T, Ito I, Kogo M, Tomii K, Tajiri T, Ohashi K, Tsukahara T, Hirai T. Sputum microbiota and inflammatory subtypes in asthma, COPD, and its overlap. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100194. [PMID: 38155860 PMCID: PMC10753087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Airway microbiota in asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) remains unknown. Objective This study with ACO-enriched population aimed to clarify airway microbiota in ACO and in mixed granulocytic inflammation, often detected in ACO and chronic airway diseases. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study. Patients with asthma with airflow limitation, ACO, and COPD were enrolled. Blood tests, pulmonary function, exhaled nitric oxide, and sputum tests were conducted. Sputum microbiota was evaluated using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique. Results A total of 112 patients (13 asthma, 67 ACO, and 32 COPD) were examined. There were no significant differences in α-diversity among the 3 diseases. The relative abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes, class Bacteroidia, and genus Porphyromonas were associated with decreased eosinophilic inflammation, and were significantly lower in ACO than in COPD. In a comparison of sputum inflammatory subtypes, the proportion of Haemophilus was numerically highest in the mixed granulocytic subtype, followed by the neutrophilic subtype. Likewise, the proportion of Haemophilus was the highest in the intermediate-high (2%-8%) sputum eosinophil group and lowest in the severe (≥8%) eosinophil group. Clinically, Haemophilus proportion was associated with sputum symptoms. Finally, the proportion of Streptococcus was associated with higher blood eosinophil counts and most severe airflow limitation. Conclusions Bacteroidia and Porphyromonas abundances in sputum are associated with the eosinophil-low phenotype, and ACO may be characterized by a decrease in these taxa. A mild elevation in sputum eosinophil does not preclude the presence of Haemophilus, which should be noted in the management of obstructive airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Morimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nomura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sunadome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Nagasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuyasu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Oguma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Kogo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tajiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kai Ohashi
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, Inc, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Naughten S, Ecklu-Mensah G, Constantino G, Quaranta A, Schulkers Escalante K, Bai-Tong S, Gilbert J, Leibel S, Wheelock CE, Leibel S. The re-emerging role of linoleic acid in paediatric asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230063. [PMID: 37914192 PMCID: PMC10618909 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0063-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease within the paediatric population. Although it is multifactorial, its onset may be linked to early-life exposures with subsequent impact on immune system development. Microbial and dietary metabolic products have been implicated in the development and exacerbation of paediatric asthma. Linoleic acid is the most common omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet. In this review, we summarise the literature regarding the involvement of linoleic acid in the development of and its impact on existing paediatric asthma. First, we summarise the existing knowledge surrounding the relationship between human microbial metabolism and allergic diseases in children. Next, we examine cellular or animal model-based mechanistic studies that investigated the impact of dietary- and microbial-derived linoleic acid metabolites on asthma. Finally, we review the literature investigating the impact of linoleic acid metabolites on the development and exacerbation of childhood asthma. While there is conflicting evidence, there is growing support for a role of linoleic acid in the onset and pathophysiology of asthma. We recommend that additional cellular, animal, and longitudinal studies are performed that target linoleic acid and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Naughten
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Quaranta
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Shiyu Bai-Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jack Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sydney Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Galeana-Cadena D, Gómez-García IA, Lopez-Salinas KG, Irineo-Moreno V, Jiménez-Juárez F, Tapia-García AR, Boyzo-Cortes CA, Matías-Martínez MB, Jiménez-Alvarez L, Zúñiga J, Camarena A. Winds of change a tale of: asthma and microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1295215. [PMID: 38146448 PMCID: PMC10749662 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in asthma is highlighted, considering its influence on immune responses and its connection to alterations in asthmatic patients. In this context, we review the variables influencing asthma phenotypes from a microbiome perspective and provide insights into the microbiome's role in asthma pathogenesis. Previous cohort studies in patients with asthma have shown that the presence of genera such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides in the gut microbiome has been associated with protection against the disease. While, the presence of other genera such as Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Moraxella in the respiratory microbiome has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis, indicating a potential link between microbial dysbiosis and the development of asthma. Furthermore, respiratory infections have been demonstrated to impact the composition of the upper respiratory tract microbiota, increasing susceptibility to bacterial diseases and potentially triggering asthma exacerbations. By understanding the interplay between the microbiome and asthma, valuable insights into disease mechanisms can be gained, potentially leading to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Galeana-Cadena
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Alejandra Gómez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Gabriel Lopez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Irineo-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Jiménez-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alan Rodrigo Tapia-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Red de Medicina para la Educación, el Desarrollo y la Investigación Científica de Iztacala, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Boyzo-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melvin Barish Matías-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Jiménez-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
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Versi A, Ivan FX, Abdel-Aziz MI, Bates S, Riley J, Baribaud F, Kermani NZ, Montuschi P, Dahlen SE, Djukanovic R, Sterk P, Maitland-Van Der Zee AH, Chotirmall SH, Howarth P, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in sputum of severe asthma with inflammasome and neutrophil activation. Allergy 2023; 78:2906-2920. [PMID: 37287344 DOI: 10.1111/all.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of altered airway microbiome in asthma, we analysed the bacterial species in sputum of patients with severe asthma. METHODS Whole genome sequencing was performed on induced sputum from non-smoking (SAn) and current or ex-smoker (SAs/ex) severe asthma patients, mild/moderate asthma (MMA) and healthy controls (HC). Data were analysed by asthma severity, inflammatory status and transcriptome-associated clusters (TACs). RESULTS α-diversity at the species level was lower in SAn and SAs/ex, with an increase in Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei, respectively, compared to HC. In neutrophilic asthma, there was greater abundance of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis and in eosinophilic asthma, Tropheryma whipplei was increased. There was a reduction in α-diversity in TAC1 and TAC2 that expressed high levels of Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei, and Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, respectively, compared to HC. Sputum neutrophils correlated positively with Moraxella catarrhalis and negatively with Prevotella, Neisseria and Veillonella species and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Sputum eosinophils correlated positively with Tropheryma whipplei which correlated with pack-years of smoking. α- and β-diversities were stable at one year. CONCLUSIONS Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were more abundant in severe neutrophilic asthma and TAC2 linked to inflammasome and neutrophil activation, while Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei were highest in SAs/ex and in TAC1 associated with highest expression of IL-13 type 2 and ILC2 signatures with the abundance of Tropheryma whipplei correlating positively with sputum eosinophils. Whether these bacterial species drive the inflammatory response in asthma needs evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Versi
- National Heart & Lung Institute & Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - John Riley
- Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GSK, Brentford, UK
| | | | | | - Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlen
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter Sterk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-Van Der Zee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Peter Howarth
- Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart & Lung Institute & Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute & Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Ramos-Campo DJ, Beltran-Velasco AI, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro Jimenez E, Redondo-Flórez L, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Basis of preventive and non-pharmacological interventions in asthma. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1172391. [PMID: 37920579 PMCID: PMC10619920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1172391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common atopic disorders in all stages of life. Its etiology is likely due to a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Due to this, different non-pharmacological interventions can be implemented to reduce or alleviate the symptoms caused by this disease. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to analyze the preventive and non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, physiotherapy, nutritional, ergonutritional, and psychological strategies in asthma treatment. To reach these aims, an extensive narrative review was conducted. The databases used were MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. Asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by increased responsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. Different factors have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, however, the treatments used to reduce its incidence are more controversial. Physical activity is focused on the benefits that aerobic training can provide, while physiotherapy interventions recommend breathing exercises to improve the quality of life of patients. Nutritional interventions are targeted on implement diets that prioritize the consumption of fruits and vegetables and supplementation with antioxidants. Psychological interventions have been proposed as an essential non-pharmacological tool to reduce the emotional problems associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), Toledo, Spain
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12
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Oğuzülgen K, Öztürk AB, Bacceoğlu A, Aydın Ö, Köycü Buhari G, Damadoğlu E, Öner Erkekol F, Göksel Ö, Karakaya G, Kalyoncu AF, Kalpaklıoğlu F, Mungan D, Türktaş H, Pur Özyiğit L, Ergin Ç, Erdoğan M, Kalkancı A. Inhaler Steroid Use Changes Oral and Airway Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Profile in Asthma Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 185:10-19. [PMID: 37844548 DOI: 10.1159/000531866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The full spectrum of bacterial and fungal species in adult asthma and the effect of inhaled corticosteroid use is not well described. The aim was to collect mouthwash and induced sputum samples from newly diagnosed asthma patients in the pretreatment period and in chronic asthma patients while undergoing regular maintenance inhaled corticosteroid therapy, in order to demonstrate the bacterial and fungal microbiome profile. METHODS The study included 28 asthmatic patients on inhaler steroid therapy, 25 steroid-naive asthmatics, and 24 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from induced sputum and mouthwash samples. Analyses were performed using bacterial primers selected from the 16S rRNA region for the bacterial genome and "panfungal" primers selected from the 5.8S rRNA region for the fungal genome. RESULTS Dominant genera in mouthwash samples of steroid-naive asthmatics were Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Rothia. The oral microbiota of asthmatic patients on inhaler steroid treatment included Neisseria, Rothia, and Veillonella species. Abundant genera in induced sputum samples of steroid-naive asthma patients were Actinomyces, Granulicatella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Atopobium. Sputum microbiota of asthma patients taking inhaler steroids were dominated by Prevotella and Porphyromonas. Mucor plumbeus and Malassezia restricta species were abundant in the airways of steroid-naive asthma patients. Choanephora infundibulifera and Malassezia restricta became dominant in asthma patients taking inhaled steroids. CONCLUSION The oral and airway microbiota consist of different bacterial and fungal communities in healthy and asthmatic patients. Inhaler steroid use may influence the composition of the oral and airway microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıvılcım Oğuzülgen
- Department of Chest Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Bilge Öztürk
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Bacceoğlu
- Department of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, School of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkkale, Turkey
| | - Ömür Aydın
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Köycü Buhari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Atatürk Sanatoryum Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Damadoğlu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferda Öner Erkekol
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Göksel
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gül Karakaya
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Fuat Kalyoncu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Kalpaklıoğlu
- Department of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, School of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkkale, Turkey
| | - Dilşad Mungan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Türktaş
- Department of Chest Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Pur Özyiğit
- Adult Allergy Service, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Çağrı Ergin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Merve Erdoğan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Sanko University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kalkancı
- Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Scialò F, Vitale M, D'Agnano V, Mariniello DF, Perrotta F, Castaldo A, Campbell SFM, Pastore L, Cazzola M, Bianco A. Lung Microbiome as a Treatable Trait in Chronic Respiratory Disorders. Lung 2023; 201:455-466. [PMID: 37752217 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a sterile environment, it is now established that lungs are populated by various microorganisms that participate in maintaining lung function and play an important role in shaping lung immune surveillance. Although our comprehension of the molecular and metabolic interactions between microbes and lung cells is still in its infancy, any event causing a persistent qualitative or quantitative variation in the composition of lung microbiome, termed "dysbiosis", has been virtually associated with many respiratory diseases. A deep understanding of the composition and function of the "healthy" lung microbiota and how dysbiosis can cause or participate in disease progression will be pivotal in finding specific therapies aimed at preventing diseases and restoring lung function. Here, we review lung microbiome dysbiosis in different lung pathologies and the mechanisms by which these bacteria can cause or contribute to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, we describe how different respiratory disorders can be caused by the same pathogen, and that the real pathogenetic mechanism is not only dependent by the presence and amount of the main pathogen but can be shaped by the interaction it can build with other bacteria, fungi, and viruses present in the lung. Understanding the nature of this bacteria crosstalk could further our understanding of each respiratory disease leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scialò
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito D'Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan F M Campbell
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
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Losol P, Ji MH, Kim JH, Choi JP, Yun JE, Seo JH, Kim BK, Chang YS, Kim SH. Bronchial epithelial cells release inflammatory markers linked to airway inflammation and remodeling in response to TLR5 ligand flagellin. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100786. [PMID: 37332524 PMCID: PMC10276272 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Flagellin, which is abundant in gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas, is reported to influence on inflammatory responses in various lung diseases. However, its effect on airway epithelial cells in contribution to asthma pathogenesis is not elucidated yet. We aimed to investigate the effect of TLR5 ligand flagellin on the transcriptomic profile of primary human epithelial cells and to determine the markers of airway inflammation. Methods Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were grown and differentiated in air-liquid interface (ALI) culture for 14-16 days. The cells were treated with flagellin in vitro at 10 and 100 ng/ml for 3 and 24 h. The conditioned media and cells were harvested to validate inflammatory markers involved in airway inflammation using ELISA, Western blot, and quantitative PCR methods. RNA-sequencing was performed to investigate the transcriptional response to flagellin in ALI-NHBE cells. Results Altered transcriptional responses to flagellin in differentiated bronchial epithelial cells were determined, including genes encoding chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and antimicrobial biomolecules. Pathway analysis of the transcriptionally responsive genes revealed enrichment of signaling pathways. Flagellin induced the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and secretion of GM-CSF, CXCL5, CCL5 and CXCL10. Flagellin enhanced the protein expression of MMP-13 in TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 pretreated cell lysates and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions These findings suggest that flagellin could be a potent inducer of inflammatory markers that may contribute to airway inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purevsuren Losol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hong Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang-Ho Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Werner M, Weeger J, Hörner-Schmid L, Weber K, Palić J, Shih J, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R, Schulz B. Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1148849. [PMID: 37051512 PMCID: PMC10083293 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesWhile feline chronic bronchitis (CB) is known as neutrophilic bronchial inflammation (NI), feline asthma (FA) is defined as an eosinophilic airway inflammation (EI). Feline chronic bronchial disease refers to both syndromes, with similar clinical presentations and applied treatment strategies. Recent studies described alterations of the microbiota composition in cats with FA, but little is known about the comparison of the lung microbiota between different types of feline bronchial disease. The study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota of the lower respiratory tracts of cats with FA and CB and to identify potential differences.MethodsTwenty-two client-owned cats with FA (n = 15) or CB (n = 7) confirmed via bronchoalveolar-lavage (BALF)-cytology were included. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed on bacterial DNA derived from BALF samples. QIIME was used to compare microbial composition and diversity between groups.ResultsEvenness and alpha-diversity-indices did not significantly differ between cats with FA and CB (Shannon p = 0.084, Chao 1 p = 0.698, observed ASVs p = 0.944). Based on a PERMANOVA analysis, no significant differences were observed in microbial composition between animals of both groups (Bray-Curtis metric, R-value 0.086, p = 0.785; unweighted UniFrac metric, R-value −0.089, p = 0.799; weighted Unifrac metric, R-value −0.072, p = 0.823). Regarding taxonomic composition, significant differences were detected for Actinobacteria on the phylum level (p = 0.026), Mycoplasma spp. (p = 0.048), and Acinetobacteria (p = 0.049) on the genus level between cats with FA and CB, with generally strong interindividual differences seen. There was a significant difference in the duration of clinical signs before diagnosis in animals dominated by Bacteriodetes (median 12 months, range 2–58 months) compared to animals dominated by Proteobacteria (median 1 month, range 1 day to 18 months; p = 0.003).Conclusions and relevanceLung microbiota composition is very similar in cat populations with spontaneous FA and CB besides small differences in some bacterial groups. However, with disease progression, the lung microbiome of cats with both diseases appears to shift away from dominantly Proteobacteria to a pattern more dominated by Bacteriodetes. A substantial proportion of cats tested positive for Mycoplasma spp. via sequencing, while none of them tested positive using classical PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Werner
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Weeger
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Hörner-Schmid
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Weber
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jelena Palić
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan Shih
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Bianka Schulz
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bianka Schulz
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Alsayed AR, Abed A, Khader HA, Al-Shdifat LMH, Hasoun L, Al-Rshaidat MMD, Alkhatib M, Zihlif M. Molecular Accounting and Profiling of Human Respiratory Microbial Communities: Toward Precision Medicine by Targeting the Respiratory Microbiome for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4086. [PMID: 36835503 PMCID: PMC9966333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide diversity of microbiota at the genera and species levels across sites and individuals is related to various causes and the observed differences between individuals. Efforts are underway to further understand and characterize the human-associated microbiota and its microbiome. Using 16S rDNA as a genetic marker for bacterial identification improved the detection and profiling of qualitative and quantitative changes within a bacterial population. In this light, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic concepts and clinical applications of the respiratory microbiome, alongside an in-depth explanation of the molecular targets and the potential relationship between the respiratory microbiome and respiratory disease pathogenesis. The paucity of robust evidence supporting the correlation between the respiratory microbiome and disease pathogenesis is currently the main challenge for not considering the microbiome as a novel druggable target for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, further studies are needed, especially prospective studies, to identify other drivers of microbiome diversity and to better understand the changes in the lung microbiome along with the potential association with disease and medications. Thus, finding a therapeutic target and unfolding its clinical significance would be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Anas Abed
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Heba A. Khader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Laith M. H. Al-Shdifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Luai Hasoun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Mamoon M. D. Al-Rshaidat
- Laboratory for Molecular and Microbial Ecology (LaMME), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alkhatib
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032170. [PMID: 36768494 PMCID: PMC9916971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitations of culture techniques, the lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered to be a sterile organ. With the development of non-culture-dependent techniques, the presence of low-biomass microbiomes in the lungs has been identified. The species of the lung microbiome are similar to those of the oral microbiome, suggesting that the microbiome is derived passively within the lungs from the oral cavity via micro-aspiration. Elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities all contribute to the composition of the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is reportedly altered in many lung diseases that have not traditionally been considered infectious or microbial, and potential pathways of microbe-host crosstalk are emerging. Recent studies have shown that the lung microbiome also plays an important role in brain autoimmunity. There is a close relationship between the lungs and the brain, which can be called the lung-brain axis. However, the problem now is that it is not well understood how the lung microbiota plays a role in the disease-specifically, whether there is a causal connection between disease and the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. However, fungi and viruses have not been fully studied compared to bacteria in the lungs. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of the lung microbiome in chronic lung diseases and, in particular, we summarize the recent progress of the lung microbiome in multiple sclerosis, as well as the lung-brain axis.
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Valverde-Molina J, García-Marcos L. Microbiome and Asthma: Microbial Dysbiosis and the Origins, Phenotypes, Persistence, and Severity of Asthma. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030486. [PMID: 36771193 PMCID: PMC9921812 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome, and of the gut-lung axis in the origin and persistence of asthma, is an ongoing field of investigation. The process of microbial colonisation in the first three years of life is fundamental for health, with the first hundred days of life being critical. Different factors are associated with early microbial dysbiosis, such as caesarean delivery, artificial lactation and antibiotic therapy, among others. Longitudinal cohort studies on gut and airway microbiome in children have found an association between microbial dysbiosis and asthma at later ages of life. A low α-diversity and relative abundance of certain commensal gut bacterial genera in the first year of life are associated with the development of asthma. Gut microbial dysbiosis, with a lower abundance of Phylum Firmicutes, could be related with increased risk of asthma. Upper airway microbial dysbiosis, especially early colonisation by Moraxella spp., is associated with recurrent viral infections and the development of asthma. Moreover, the bacteria in the respiratory system produce metabolites that may modify the inception of asthma and is progression. The role of the lung microbiome in asthma development has yet to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, the most consistent finding in studies on lung microbiome is the increased bacterial load and the predominance of proteobacteria, especially Haemophilus spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis. In this review we shall update the knowledge on the association between microbial dysbiosis and the origins of asthma, as well as its persistence, phenotypes, and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Valverde-Molina
- Department of Paediatrics, Santa Lucía General University Hospital, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children’s Hospital, University of Murcia and IMIB Biomedical Research Institute, 20120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Upper respiratory tract microbiota is associated with small airway function and asthma severity. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:13. [PMID: 36639753 PMCID: PMC9837891 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of airway microbiota might influence asthma status or asthma phenotype. Identifying the airway microbiome can help to investigate its role in the development of asthma phenotypes or small airway function. METHODS Bacterial microbiota profiles were analyzed in induced sputum from 31 asthma patients and 12 healthy individuals from Beijing, China. Associations between small airway function and airway microbiomes were examined. RESULTS Composition of sputum microbiota significantly changed with small airway function in asthma patients. Two microbiome-driven clusters were identified and characterized by small airway function and taxa that had linear relationship with small airway functions were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that airway microbiota was associated with small airway function in asthma patients.
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Abstract
Metabolomics is an expanding field of systems biology that is gaining significant attention in respiratory research. As a unique approach to understanding and diagnosing diseases, metabolomics provides a snapshot of all metabolites present in biological samples such as exhaled breath condensate, bronchoalveolar lavage, plasma, serum, urine, and other specimens that may be obtained from patients with respiratory diseases. In this article, we review the rapidly expanding field of metabolomics in its application to respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and acute lung injury, along with its more severe form, adult respiratory disease syndrome. We also discuss the potential applications of metabolomics for monitoring exposure to aerosolized occupational and environmental materials. With the latest advances in our understanding of the microbiome, we discuss microbiome-derived metabolites that arise from the gut and lung in asthma and COPD that have mechanistic implications for these diseases. Recent literature has suggested that metabolomics analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) approaches may provide clinicians with the opportunity to identify new biomarkers that may predict progression to more severe diseases which may be fatal for many patients each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Moitra
- Department of Medicine, Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arghya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paige Lacy
- Department of Medicine, Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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21
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Marathe SJ, Snider MA, Flores-Torres AS, Dubin PJ, Samarasinghe AE. Human matters in asthma: Considering the microbiome in pulmonary health. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020133. [PMID: 36532717 PMCID: PMC9755222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities form an important symbiotic ecosystem within humans and have direct effects on health and well-being. Numerous exogenous factors including airborne triggers, diet, and drugs impact these established, but fragile communities across the human lifespan. Crosstalk between the mucosal microbiota and the immune system as well as the gut-lung axis have direct correlations to immune bias that may promote chronic diseases like asthma. Asthma initiation and pathogenesis are multifaceted and complex with input from genetic, epigenetic, and environmental components. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of the airway microbiome in asthma, and how the environment, diet and therapeutics impact this low biomass community of microorganisms. We also focus this review on the pediatric and Black populations as high-risk groups requiring special attention, emphasizing that the whole patient must be considered during treatment. Although new culture-independent techniques have been developed and are more accessible to researchers, the exact contribution the airway microbiome makes in asthma pathogenesis is not well understood. Understanding how the airway microbiome, as a living entity in the respiratory tract, participates in lung immunity during the development and progression of asthma may lead to critical new treatments for asthma, including population-targeted interventions, or even more effective administration of currently available therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh J. Marathe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mark A. Snider
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Armando S. Flores-Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Patricia J. Dubin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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22
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Zhu T, Jin J, Chen M, Chen Y. The impact of infection with COVID-19 on the respiratory microbiome: A narrative review. Virulence 2022; 13:1076-1087. [PMID: 35763685 PMCID: PMC9794016 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2090071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has affected millions of individuals with various implications. Consistent with the crucial role of the microbiome in determining health and disease in humans, various studies have investigated the gut and respiratory microbiome effect on the COVID-19. Microbiota dysbiosis might support the entry, replication, and establishment of SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating various mechanisms. One of the main mechanisms that the modulation of respiratory microbiota composition during the COVID-19 infection affects the magnitude of the disease is changes in innate and acquired immune responses, including inflammatory markers and cytokines and B- and T-cells. The diversity of respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 patients is controversial; some studies reported low microbial diversity, while others found high diversity, suggesting the role of respiratory microbiota in this disease. Modulating microbiota diversity and profile by supplementations and nutrients can be applied prophylactic and therapeutic in combating COVID-19. Here, we discussed the lung microbiome dysbiosis during various lung diseases and its interaction with immune cells, focusing on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiping Zhu
- Internal Medicine Department, Chun’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhua Chen
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,CONTACT Minhua Chen
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Ling X, Jie W, Qin X, Zhang S, Shi K, Li T, Guo J. Gut microbiome sheds light on the development and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1063683. [PMID: 36505348 PMCID: PMC9732037 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1063683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an inflammatory vascular disease with high disability and mortality. Its susceptible risk factors include old age, being male, smoking, hypertension, and aortic atherosclerosis. With the improvement of screening techniques, AAA incidence and number of deaths caused by aneurysm rupture increase annually, attracting much clinical attention. Due to the lack of non-invasive treatment, early detection and development of novel treatment of AAA is an urgent clinical concern. The pathophysiology and progression of AAA are characterized by inflammatory destruction. The gut microbiota is an "invisible organ" that directly or indirectly affects the vascular wall inflammatory cell infiltration manifested with enhanced arterial wall gut microbiota and metabolites, which plays an important role in the formation and progression of AAA. As such, the gut microbiome may become an important risk factor for AAA. This review summarizes the direct and indirect effects of the gut microbiome on the pathogenesis of AAA and highlights the gut microbiome-mediated inflammatory responses and discoveries of relevant therapeutic targets that may help manage the development and rupture of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Jie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kaijia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,*Correspondence: Junli Guo
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24
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Airway Bacterial Biodiversity in Exhaled Breath Condensates of Asthmatic Children-Does It Differ from the Healthy Ones? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226774. [PMID: 36431251 PMCID: PMC9698396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma etiopathology is still not fully determined. One of its possible causes can be found in airway microbiome dysbiosis. The study's purpose was to determine whether there are any significant differences in the bacterial microbiome diversity of lower airways microbiota of asthmatic children, since knowledge of this topic is very scarce. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first research using exhaled breath condensates in children's lower airways for bacterial assessment. Exhaled breath condensates (EBC) and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained from pediatric asthmatic patients and a healthy group (n = 38, 19 vs. 19). The microbial assessment was conducted through genetic material PCR amplification, followed by bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Collected data were analyzed, in terms of taxonomy and alpha and beta diversity between assessed groups. Swab samples are characterized by higher species richness compared to exhaled breath condensates (Shannon diversity index (mean 4.11 vs. 2.867, p = 9.108 × 10-8), observed features (mean 77.4 vs. 17.3, p = 5.572 × 10-11), and Faith's phylogenetic diversity (mean 7.686 vs. 3.280 p = 1.296 × 10-10)). Asthmatic children had a higher abundance of bacterial species (Shannon diversity index, mean 3.029 vs. 2.642, p = 0.026) but more even distribution (Pielou's evenness, mean 0.742 vs. 0.648, p = 0.002) in EBC than healthy ones; the same results were observed within pediatric patients born naturally within EBC samples. In children with a positive family history of allergic diseases, alpha diversity of lower airway material was increased (Shannon's diversity index p = 0.026, Faith's phylogenetic diversity p = 0.011, observed features p = 0.003). Class Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli were less abundant among asthmatics in the exhaled breath samples. The most dominant bacteria on a phylum level in both sample types were Firmicutes, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota. The obtained outcome of higher bacterial diversity of lower airways among asthmatic patients indicates a further need for future studies of microbiota connection with disease pathogenesis.
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25
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Al-Ramahi N, Al-Najjar MAA, Jabaley A, Al-Qudah R, Basheti I. Variations in the respiratory microbiota amongst asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects in Jordan. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103406. [PMID: 36052302 PMCID: PMC9424575 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, variation in microbiota in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) among asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects is identified. All participants (27 asthmatic patients and 27 non-asthmatic subjects) were asked to expectorate a sputum sample in special sterile tubes after rinsing the mouth with a sterilizing solution. The expectorated sputum specimen was immediately homogenized and stored in the deep freezer for DNA extraction for microbial gene sequencing and sequence analyses. For sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, followed by an analysis of alpha and beta diversity. It was found that asthmatic patients had greater bacterial diversity than non-asthmatic subjects. Bacteria associated to the phyla (Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes) accounted for 90 % of all sequences. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the asthmatic patients was higher than that of non-asthmatic (30 % vs 17 %; P-value = 0.044), along with a high abundance of the pathogen Haemophilus influenza. In contrast, Firmicutes (41 %) and Bacteroidetes (31 %) showed higher relative abundances in the non-asthmatic subjects. No significant link was found between the type of asthma drug or the method of drug usage (orally or via inhalation) and the respiratory microbiota. Therefore, the variations in LRS microbiota are not caused by the drugs taken by the asthmatic patients, rather they might be connected to the etiology of asthma. Since the asthmatic patients had higher proportions of Haemophilus influenzae, these organisms could be a causative factor in the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al-Ramahi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program. Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science, Private University, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A A Al-Najjar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Applied Science, Private University, Jordan
| | - Abdalluh Jabaley
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program. Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science, Private University, Jordan
| | - Rajaa Al-Qudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science, Private University, Jordan
| | - Iman Basheti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science, Private University, Jordan
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26
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Sesé L, Mahay G, Barnig C, Guibert N, Leroy S, Guilleminault L. [Markers of severity and predictors of response to treatment in severe asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:740-757. [PMID: 36115752 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial disease with complex pathophysiology. Knowledge of its immunopathology and inflammatory mechanisms is progressing and has led to the development over recent years of increasingly targeted therapeutic strategies. The objective of this review is to pinpoint the different predictive markers of asthma severity and therapeutic response. Obesity, nasal polyposis, gastroesophageal reflux disease and intolerance to aspirin have all been considered as clinical markers associated with asthma severity, as have functional markers such as bronchial obstruction, low FEV1, small daily variations in FEV1, and high FeNO. While sinonasal polyposis and allergic comorbidities are associated with better response to omalizumab, nasal polyposis or long-term systemic steroid use are associated with better response to antibodies targeting the IL5 pathway. Elevated total IgE concentrations and eosinophil counts are classic biological markers regularly found in severe asthma. Blood eosinophils are predictive biomarkers of response to anti-IgE, anti-IL5, anti-IL5R and anti-IL4R biotherapies. Dupilumab is particularly effective in a subgroup of patients with marked type 2 inflammation (long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy, eosinophilia≥150/μl or FENO>20 ppb). Chest imaging may help to identify severe patients by seeking out bronchial wall thickening and bronchial dilation. Study of the patient's environment is crucial insofar as exposure to tobacco, dust mites and molds, as well as outdoor and indoor air pollutants (cleaning products), can trigger asthma exacerbation. Wider and more systematic use of markers of severity or response to treatment could foster increasingly targeted and tailored approaches to severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sesé
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - G Mahay
- Service de pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et soins intensifs respiratoires, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Barnig
- INSERM, EFS BFC, LabEx LipSTIC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Service de pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et allergologie respiratoire, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - N Guibert
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - S Leroy
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, CNRS UMR 7275-FHU OncoAge, service de pneumologie oncologie thoracique et soins intensifs respiratoires, CHU de Nice, hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - L Guilleminault
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France; Institut Toulousain des maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires (Infinity) inserm UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051-université Toulouse III, CRISALIS F-CRIN, Toulouse, France.
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27
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Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, McAdams ZL, Rindt H, Reinero CR. Respiratory dysbiosis in cats with spontaneous allergic asthma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:930385. [PMID: 36157187 PMCID: PMC9492960 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deviations from a core airway microbiota have been associated with the development and progression of asthma as well as disease severity. Pet cats represent a large animal model for allergic asthma, as they spontaneously develop a disease similar to atopic childhood asthma. This study aimed to describe the lower airway microbiota of asthmatic pet cats and compare it to healthy cats to document respiratory dysbiosis occurring with airway inflammation. We hypothesized that asthmatic cats would have lower airway dysbiosis characterized by a decrease in richness, diversity, and alterations in microbial community composition including identification of possible pathobionts. In the current study, a significant difference in airway microbiota composition was documented between spontaneously asthmatic pet cats and healthy research cats mirroring the finding of dysbiosis in asthmatic humans. Filobacterium and Acinetobacter spp. were identified as predominant taxa in asthmatic cats without documented infection based on standard culture and could represent pathobionts in the lower airways of cats. Mycoplasma felis, a known lower airway pathogen of cats, was identified in 35% of asthmatic but not healthy cats. This article has been published alongside "Temporal changes of the respiratory microbiota as cats transition from health to experimental acute and chronic allergic asthma" (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida I. Vientós-Plotts
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zachary L. McAdams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hansjorg Rindt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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28
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Huang YJ, Porsche C, Kozik AJ, Lynch SV. Microbiome-Immune Interactions in Allergy and Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2244-2251. [PMID: 35724951 PMCID: PMC10566566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota has been established as a key regulator of host health, in large part owing to its constant interaction with and impact on host immunity. A range of environmental exposures spanning from the prenatal period through adulthood are known to affect the composition and molecular productivity of microbiomes across mucosal and dermal tissues with short- and long-term consequences for host immune function. Here we review recent findings in the field that provide insights into how microbial-immune interactions promote and sustain immune dysfunction associated with allergy and asthma. We consider both early life microbiome perturbation and the molecular underpinnings of immune dysfunction associated with subsequent allergy and asthma development in childhood, as well as microbiome features that relate to phenotypic attributes of allergy and asthma in older patients with established disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Cara Porsche
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Ariangela J Kozik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
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29
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Yi X, Gao J, Wang Z. The human lung microbiome-A hidden link between microbes and human health and diseases. IMETA 2022; 1:e33. [PMID: 38868714 PMCID: PMC10989958 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Once thought to be sterile, the human lung is now well recognized to harbor a consortium of microorganisms collectively known as the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is altered in an array of lung diseases, including chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchiectasis, acute lung diseases caused by pneumonia, sepsis, and COVID-19, and other lung complications such as those related to lung transplantation, lung cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus. The effects of lung microbiome in modulating host immunity and inflammation in the lung and distal organs are being elucidated. However, the precise mechanism by which members of microbiota produce structural ligands that interact with host genes and pathways remains largely uncharacterized. Multiple unique challenges, both technically and biologically, exist in the field of lung microbiome, necessitating the development of tailored experimental and analytical approaches to overcome the bottlenecks. In this review, we first provide an overview of the principles and methodologies in studying the lung microbiome. We next review current knowledge of the roles of lung microbiome in human diseases, highlighting mechanistic insights. We finally discuss critical challenges in the field and share our thoughts on broad topics for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Yi
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jingyuan Gao
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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30
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Avalos-Fernandez M, Alin T, Métayer C, Thiébaut R, Enaud R, Delhaes L. The respiratory microbiota alpha-diversity in chronic lung diseases: first systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res 2022; 23:214. [PMID: 35999634 PMCID: PMC9396807 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While there seems to be a consensus that a decrease in gut microbiome diversity is related to a decline in health status, the associations between respiratory microbiome diversity and chronic lung disease remain a matter of debate. We provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining lung microbiota alpha-diversity in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) or bronchiectasis (NCFB), in which a control group based on disease status or healthy subjects is provided for comparison. Results We reviewed 351 articles on title and abstract, of which 27 met our inclusion criteria for systematic review. Data from 24 of these studies were used in the meta-analysis. We observed a trend that CF patients have a less diverse respiratory microbiota than healthy individuals. However, substantial heterogeneity was present and detailed using random-effects models, which limits the comparison between studies. Conclusions Knowledge on respiratory microbiota is under construction, and for the moment, it seems that alpha-diversity measurements are not enough documented to fully understand the link between microbiota and health, excepted in CF context which represents the most studied chronic respiratory disease with consistent published data to link alpha-diversity and lung function. Whether differences in respiratory microbiota profiles have an impact on chronic respiratory disease symptoms and/or evolution deserves further exploration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02132-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Avalos-Fernandez
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France. .,SISTM team Inria BSO, F-33405, Talence, France.
| | - Thibaud Alin
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,SISTM team Inria BSO, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Clémence Métayer
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,SISTM team Inria BSO, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,SISTM team Inria BSO, F-33405, Talence, France.,Pole of Public Health, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaël Enaud
- Cystic fibrosis centre (CRCM), Paediatrics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Cystic fibrosis centre (CRCM), Paediatrics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cardio-Thoracic Research Center, U1045, INSERM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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Association of the gut microbiome and metabolome with wheeze frequency in childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:325-336. [PMID: 35196534 PMCID: PMC9359927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the microbiome has an established role in asthma development, less is known about its contribution to morbidity in children with asthma. OBJECTIVE In this ancillary study of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), we analyzed the gut microbiome and metabolome of wheeze frequency in children with asthma. METHODS Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA microbiome and untargeted metabolomic profiling were performed on fecal samples collected from 3-year-old children with parent-reported physician-diagnosed asthma. We analyzed wheeze frequency by calculating the proportion of quarterly questionnaires administered between ages 3 and 5 years in which parents reported the child had wheezed (wheeze proportion). Taxa and metabolites associated with wheeze were analyzed by identifying log fold changes with respect to wheeze frequency and correlation/linear regression analyses, respectively. Microbe-metabolite and microbe-microbe correlation networks were compared between subjects with high and low wheeze proportion. RESULTS Specific taxa, including the genus Veillonella and histidine pathway metabolites, were enriched in subjects with high wheeze proportion. Among wheeze-associated taxa, Veillonella and Oscillospiraceae UCG-005, which was inversely associated with wheeze, were correlated with the greatest number of fecal metabolites. Microbial networks were similar between subjects with low versus high wheeze frequency. CONCLUSION Gut microbiome features are associated with wheeze frequency in children with asthma, suggesting an impact of the gut microbiome on morbidity in childhood asthma.
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Toraldo DM, Rizzo E, Conte L. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on lung microbiota and local immune response in long-term treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): utility of titration and therapeutic index. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:849-858. [PMID: 35435466 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Administration of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is one of the most controversial issues in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Associations between these drugs and increased incidence of severe pneumonia and other respiratory infections have already been reported in literature, as well as effects on the immune system and on the lung microbiota. ICS vary in their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, despite being widely considered therapeutically similar. The use of ICS requires, therefore, a deep knowledge of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to obtain the maximum benefit and the least side effects. Defining new phenotypes-endotypes of COPD may lead to novel pharmacological and therapeutic scenarios while define the correct indications for prescription of ICS. Titration is certainly an important means by which these objectives can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maurizio Toraldo
- Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Rehabilitation, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Rizzo
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority of Lecce (ASL Lecce), Lecce, Italy
| | - Luana Conte
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research Applied to Medicine (DReAM), University of Salento and Local Health Authority of Lecce (ASL Lecce), "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Biomedical Physics and Environment, Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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33
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Huang C, Ni Y, Du W, Shi G. Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on microbiome and microbial correlations in asthma over a nine-month period. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1723-1736. [PMID: 35514165 PMCID: PMC9283747 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on airway microbiome requires longitudinal research to be corroborated. Asthma patients, not undergoing ICS treatment (baseline), were enrolled and prescribed with ICS; all of these patients were followed up with regular visits at 3 months (visit 1) and 9 months (visit 2). Induced sputum was collected, fungal microbiota (mycobiome) and bacterial microbiota (bacteriome) were estimated using 16S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Bacterial α diversity indices were not significantly different among the baseline, visit 1 and visit 2. Visit 1 showed lower fungal evenness than the baseline, visit 2 showed lower fungal diversity and evenness than the baseline. Fungal, but not bacterial, community compositions differed significantly among the baseline, visit 1 and visit 2. The most abundant bacterial phyla and genera did not differ significantly among the baseline, visit 1 and visit 2. Compared with the baseline, visit 1 showed significantly increased frequency of fungal phylum Ascomycota and lower frequency of Basidiomycota. We found sharply decreased fungal genera Wallemia, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Alternaria in visit 1 and visit 2 compared with the baseline, although the differences were not statistically significant. We also found the proportion of Basidiomycota was positively correlated with percentages of sputum eosinophils and neutrophils. The proportions of Saccharomyces, Wallemia, and Aplosporella were positively correlated with percentage of sputum eosinophils. Moreover, we identified distinct inter- and intra-kingdom interactions in baseline, visit 1 and visit 2. Therefore, ICS use altered the airway microbial diversity, evenness, community composition and microbial connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmeng Ni
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Flores-Torres AS, Samarasinghe AE. Impact of Therapeutics on Unified Immunity During Allergic Asthma and Respiratory Infections. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:852067. [PMID: 35386652 PMCID: PMC8974821 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.852067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Patients with allergic asthma, the most prevalent asthma endotype, are widely considered to possess a defective immune response against some respiratory infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, respiratory pathogens are associated with asthma development and exacerbations. However, growing data suggest that the immune milieu in allergic asthma may be beneficial during certain respiratory infections. Immunomodulatory asthma treatments, although beneficial, should then be carefully prescribed to avoid misuse and overuse as they can also alter the host microbiome. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent evidence of the correlations between allergic asthma and the most significant respiratory infectious agents that have a role in asthma pathogenesis. We also discuss the implications of current asthma therapeutics beyond symptom prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando S. Flores-Torres
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Amali E. Samarasinghe
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35
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The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060744. [PMID: 35327141 PMCID: PMC8944511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental aeroallergens. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Although several studies aimed at evaluating the genetic and immune pathways associated with the disease, the results reported are inconsistent. Furthermore, the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease bears great similarity to what is described for human asthma. Currently available studies identified two chromosome regions (ECA13 and ECA15) and several genes associated with the disease. The inflammatory response appears to be mediated by T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17) and neutrophilic inflammation significantly contributes to the persistence of airway inflammatory status. This review evaluates the reported findings pertaining to the genetical and immunological background of severe equine asthma and reflects on their implications in the pathophysiology of the disease whilst discussing further areas of research interest aiming at advancing treatment and prognosis of affected individuals.
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36
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Rastogi S, Mohanty S, Sharma S, Tripathi P. Possible role of gut microbes and host's immune response in gut-lung homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954339. [PMID: 36275735 PMCID: PMC9581402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast diversity of microbial communities reside in various locations of the human body, and they are collectively named as the 'Human Microbiota.' The majority of those microbes are found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tracts are called the gut microbiota and the airway microbiota, respectively. These microbial communities are known to affect both the metabolic functions and the immune responses of the host. Among multiple factors determining the composition of gut microbiota, diet has played a pivotal role. The gut microbes possess enzymatic machinery for assimilating dietary fibers and releasing different metabolites, primarily short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The SCFAs modulate the immune responses of not only the gut but other distal mucosal sites as well, such as the lungs. Dysbiosis in normal gut flora is one of the factors involved in the development of asthma and other respiratory disorders. Of note, several human and murine studies have indicated significant cross-talk between gut microbiota and lung immunity, known as the gut-lung axis. Here, in this review, we summarize the recent state of the field concerning the effect of dietary metabolites, particularly SCFAs, on the "gut-lung axis" as well as discuss its impact on lung health. Moreover, we have highlighted the role of the "gut-lung axis" in SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammation. Also, to analyze the global research progress on the gut-lung axis and to identify the knowledge gap in this field, we have also utilized the bibliographic tools Dimension database and VOS viewer analysis software. Through network mapping and visualization analysis, we can predict the present research trend and the possibility to explore new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonakshi Rastogi
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Mohanty
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Prabhanshu Tripathi, ; Sapna Sharma,
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Prabhanshu Tripathi, ; Sapna Sharma,
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37
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Nomura N, Matsumoto H, Yokoyama A, Nishimura Y, Asano K, Niimi A, Tohda Y, Harada N, Nagase H, Nagata M, Inoue H, Kondo M, Horiguchi T, Miyahara N, Hizawa N, Hojo M, Hattori N, Hashimoto N, Yamasaki A, Kadowaki T, Kimura T, Miki M, Taniguchi H, Toyoshima M, Kawamura T, Matsuno O, Sato Y, Sunadome H, Nagasaki T, Oguma T, Hirai T. Nationwide survey of refractory asthma with bronchiectasis by inflammatory subtypes. Respir Res 2022; 23:365. [PMID: 36539765 PMCID: PMC9763800 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis are differential diagnoses of asthma; moreover, they are factors associated with worse asthma control. OBJECTIVE We determined clinical courses of bronchiectasis/bronchiolitis-complicated asthma by inflammatory subtypes as well as factors affecting them. METHODS We conducted a survey of refractory asthma with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis/bronchiolitis in Japan. Cases were classified into three groups, based on the latest fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) level (32 ppb for the threshold) and blood eosinophil counts (320/µL for the threshold): high (type 2-high) or low (type 2-low) FeNO and eosinophil and high FeNO or eosinophil (type 2-intermediate). Clinical courses in groups and factors affecting them were analysed. RESULTS In total, 216 cases from 81 facilities were reported, and 142 were stratified: 34, 40 and 68 into the type 2-high, -intermediate and -low groups, respectively. The frequency of bronchopneumonia and exacerbations requiring antibiotics and gram-negative bacteria detection rates were highest in the type 2-low group. Eighty-seven cases had paired latest and oldest available data of FeNO and eosinophil counts; they were analysed for inflammatory transition patterns. Among former type 2-high and -intermediate groups, 32% had recently transitioned to the -low group, to which relatively low FeNO in the past and oral corticosteroid use contributed. Lastly, in cases treated with moderate to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, the frequencies of exacerbations requiring antibiotics were found to be higher in cases with more severe airway lesions and lower FeNO. CONCLUSIONS Bronchiectasis/bronchiolitis-complicated refractory asthma is heterogeneous. In patients with sputum symptoms and low FeNO, airway colonisation of pathogenic bacteria and infectious episodes are common; thus, corticosteroids should be carefully used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Nomura
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.258622.90000 0004 1936 9967Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka Japan
| | - Akihito Yokoyama
- grid.278276.e0000 0001 0659 9825Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- grid.265061.60000 0001 1516 6626Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Tohda
- grid.258622.90000 0004 1936 9967Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagase
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kondo
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toyota Regional Medical Center, Toyota, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hojo
- grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toru Kadowaki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Organization Matsue Medical Center, Matsue, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- grid.417192.80000 0004 1772 6756Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mari Miki
- grid.416803.80000 0004 0377 7966Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- grid.417235.60000 0001 0498 6004Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Toyoshima
- grid.413556.00000 0004 1773 8511Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kawamura
- grid.414101.10000 0004 0569 3280Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Himeji Medical Center, Himeji, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuno
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatoid disease, Osaka Habikino Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yuuai Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sunadome
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Nagasaki
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Oguma
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Logotheti M, Agioutantis P, Katsaounou P, Loutrari H. Microbiome Research and Multi-Omics Integration for Personalized Medicine in Asthma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121299. [PMID: 34945771 PMCID: PMC8707330 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial inflammatory disorder of the respiratory system characterized by high diversity in clinical manifestations, underlying pathological mechanisms and response to treatment. It is generally established that human microbiota plays an essential role in shaping a healthy immune response, while its perturbation can cause chronic inflammation related to a wide range of diseases, including asthma. Systems biology approaches encompassing microbiome analysis can offer valuable platforms towards a global understanding of asthma complexity and improving patients' classification, status monitoring and therapeutic choices. In the present review, we summarize recent studies exploring the contribution of microbiota dysbiosis to asthma pathogenesis and heterogeneity in the context of asthma phenotypes-endotypes and administered medication. We subsequently focus on emerging efforts to gain deeper insights into microbiota-host interactions driving asthma complexity by integrating microbiome and host multi-omics data. One of the most prominent achievements of these research efforts is the association of refractory neutrophilic asthma with certain microbial signatures, including predominant pathogenic bacterial taxa (such as Proteobacteria phyla, Gammaproteobacteria class, especially species from Haemophilus and Moraxella genera). Overall, despite existing challenges, large-scale multi-omics endeavors may provide promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for future development of novel microbe-based personalized strategies for diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of uncontrollable asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Logotheti
- G.P. Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3 Ploutarchou Str., 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.L.); (P.A.)
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Agioutantis
- G.P. Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3 Ploutarchou Str., 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.L.); (P.A.)
| | - Paraskevi Katsaounou
- Pulmonary Dept First ICU, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ipsilantou 45-7, 10675 Athens, Greece;
| | - Heleni Loutrari
- G.P. Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3 Ploutarchou Str., 10675 Athens, Greece; (M.L.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Ackland J, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA, Staples KJ. Interrupting the Conversation: Implications for Crosstalk Between Viral and Bacterial Infections in the Asthmatic Airway. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:738987. [PMID: 35386999 PMCID: PMC8974750 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.738987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory disease affecting 300 million people and is thought to be driven by different inflammatory endotypes influenced by a myriad of genetic and environmental factors. The complexity of asthma has rendered it challenging to develop preventative and disease modifying therapies and it remains an unmet clinical need. Whilst many factors have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis and exacerbations, evidence indicates a prominent role for respiratory viruses. However, advances in culture-independent detection methods and extensive microbial profiling of the lung, have also demonstrated a role for respiratory bacteria in asthma. In particular, airway colonization by the Proteobacteria species Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) is associated with increased risk of developing recurrent wheeze and asthma in early life, poor clinical outcomes in established adult asthma and the development of more severe inflammatory phenotypes. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that bacterial-viral interactions may influence exacerbation risk and disease severity, highlighting the need to consider the impact chronic airway colonization by respiratory bacteria has on influencing host responses to viral infection. In this review, we first outline the currently understood role of viral and bacterial infections in precipitating asthma exacerbations and discuss the underappreciated potential impact of bacteria-virus crosstalk in modulating host responses. We discuss the mechanisms by which early life infection may predispose to asthma development. Finally, we consider how infection and persistent airway colonization may drive different asthma phenotypes, with a view to identifying pathophysiological mechanisms that may prove tractable to new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Ackland
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J. Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Karl J. Staples
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40
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Metabolomics, Microbiota, and In Vivo and In Vitro Biomarkers in Type 2 Severe Asthma: A Perspective Review. Metabolites 2021. [PMID: 34677362 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100647.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine refers to the tailoring of therapeutic strategies to the individual characteristics of each patient; thus, it could be a new approach for the management of severe asthma that considers individual variability in genes, environmental exposure, and lifestyle. Precision medicine would also assist physicians in choosing the right treatment, the best timing of administration, consequently trying to maximize drug efficacy, and, possibly, reducing adverse events. Metabolomics is the systematic study of low molecular weight (bio)chemicals in a given biological system and offers a powerful approach to biomarker discovery and elucidating disease mechanisms. In this point of view, metabolomics could play a key role in targeting precision medicine.
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41
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Caruso C, Colantuono S, Nicoletti A, Arasi S, Firinu D, Gasbarrini A, Coppola A, Di Michele L. Metabolomics, Microbiota, and In Vivo and In Vitro Biomarkers in Type 2 Severe Asthma: A Perspective Review. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100647. [PMID: 34677362 PMCID: PMC8541451 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine refers to the tailoring of therapeutic strategies to the individual characteristics of each patient; thus, it could be a new approach for the management of severe asthma that considers individual variability in genes, environmental exposure, and lifestyle. Precision medicine would also assist physicians in choosing the right treatment, the best timing of administration, consequently trying to maximize drug efficacy, and, possibly, reducing adverse events. Metabolomics is the systematic study of low molecular weight (bio)chemicals in a given biological system and offers a powerful approach to biomarker discovery and elucidating disease mechanisms. In this point of view, metabolomics could play a key role in targeting precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Caruso
- Allergy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- Allergy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Area of Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angelo Coppola
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Ospedale San Filippo Neri-ASL Roma 1, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International, University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Loreta Di Michele
- Pulmonary Interstitial Diseases Unit, UOSD Interstiziopatie Polmonari Az Osp. S. Camillo-Forlanini, 00100 Rome, Italy;
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Wang Z, Lai Z, Zhang X, Huang P, Xie J, Jiang Q, Zhang Q, Chung KF. Altered gut microbiome compositions are associated with the severity of asthma. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4322-4338. [PMID: 34422359 PMCID: PMC8339736 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite substantial evidence on the contribution of the diversity of the gut microbiome to the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic diseases, little is known about their relationship with asthma severity and/or clinical phenotypes. We analyzed the difference in composition of the gut microbiome between subjects with asthma and healthy subjects and explored its role in the development of asthma. Methods Fecal samples from 15 subjects with severe asthma (SA), 14 with non-severe asthma (NSA), and 15 healthy subjects were assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing methods to identify the gut bacterial composition. Results Compared with those in the NSA group, patients in the SA group had a higher dose of inhaled corticosteroids, and there were more atopic subjects (60% vs. 35.7%, respectively). No significant differences were found at the phylum level either in operational taxonomic unit numbers or in diversity scores among the SA, NSA, and healthy groups. However, at the family level, the relative abundance of Acidaminococcaceae in the SA group was remarkedly lower than that in the group with healthy subjects (P<0.05). Furthermore, Veillonellaceae and Prevotellaceae were significantly more common in samples from the SA group than in those from the NSA group (P<0.05). In the SA group, positive correlations were observed between the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae and mid-expiratory flow 25% (MEF25%) predicted (r=0.538, P=0.047), as well as between the relative abundance of Acidaminococcaceae and body mass index (r=0642, P=0.010). Principal component analysis suggested that the relative abundances of Acidaminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae were associated with severe asthma. Moreover, we found that class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales, and family Alcaligenaceae were significantly different among the groups defined by serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Conclusions Our findings suggest that altered gut microbiome compositions are involved in the severity of asthma and that there are specific bacteria related to different asthma phenotypes in terms of serum IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Insitute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Hexian Memorial Hospital of PanYu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengdao Lai
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Insitute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dongguan Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Afliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medicial University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Insitute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peikai Huang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Insitute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiration Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Xie
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Insitute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Insitute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Insitute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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Abstract
The healthy lung was long thought of as sterile, but recent advances using molecular sequencing approaches have detected bacteria at low levels. Healthy lung bacteria largely reflect communities present in the upper respiratory tract that enter the lung via microaspiration, which is balanced by mechanical and immune clearance and likely involves limited local replication. The nature and dynamics of the lung microbiome, therefore, differ from those of ecological niches with robust self-sustaining microbial communities. Aberrant populations (dysbiosis) have been demonstrated in many pulmonary diseases not traditionally considered microbial in origin, and potential pathways of microbe-host crosstalk are emerging. The question now is whether and how dysbiotic microbiota contribute to initiation or perpetuation of injury. The fungal microbiome and virome are less well studied. This Review highlights features of the lung microbiome, unique considerations in studying it, examples of dysbiosis in selected disease, emerging concepts in lung microbiome-host interactions, and critical areas for investigation.
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Losol P, Choi JP, Kim SH, Chang YS. The Role of Upper Airway Microbiome in the Development of Adult Asthma. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e19. [PMID: 34277109 PMCID: PMC8263217 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and molecular phenotypes of asthma are complex. The main phenotypes of adult asthma are characterized by eosinophil and/or neutrophil cell dominant airway inflammation that represent distinct clinical features. Upper and lower airways constitute a unique system and their interaction shows functional complementarity. Although human upper airway contains various indigenous commensals and opportunistic pathogenic microbiome, imbalance of this interactions lead to pathogen overgrowth and increased inflammation and airway remodeling. Competition for epithelial cell attachment, different susceptibilities to host defense molecules and antimicrobial peptides, and the production of proinflammatory cytokine and pattern recognition receptors possibly determine the pattern of this inflammation. Exposure to environmental factors, including infection, air pollution, smoking is commonly associated with asthma comorbidity, severity, exacerbation and resistance to anti-microbial and steroid treatment, and these effects may also be modulated by host and microbial genetics. Administration of probiotic, antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment for asthma may modify the composition of resident microbiota and clinical features. This review summarizes the effect of some environmental factors on the upper respiratory microbiome, the interaction between host-microbiome, and potential impact of asthma treatment on the composition of the upper airway microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purevsuren Losol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Korea
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Iwasaki K, Matsuzawa Y, Wakabayashi H, Shioya M, Hayakawa S, Tatsuno I. Lower airway microbiota in patients with clinically suspected Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07283. [PMID: 34179537 PMCID: PMC8214089 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the lower airway microbiota in humans and respiratory illness has gained attention recently. However, the relationship between nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) and the lower airway microbiota is not fully understood yet. We conducted a study to characterize the lower airway microbiota in Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD), a representative subclass of the NTM-LD. The subject sample included 25 patients clinically suspected of having mild MAC disease whose condition could not be diagnosed using sputum culture. Upon testing MAC antibodies (anti-glycopeptidolipid (GPL)-core IgA antibodies), mycobacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and performing BALF 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we divided the subjects into two groups of patients: those in whom MAC was detected in BALF mycobacterial culture (MAC-LD group) and in whom MAC was not detected in BALF mycobacterial culture (non-MAC-LD group), which was then comparatively examined. BALF mycobacterial culture showed that 9 out of 25 patients were positive for NTM; the detected Mycobacterium was MAC in all. No patients were positive for acid-fast bacteria other than MAC. Eighteen patients were positive for MAC antibodies (anti-glycopeptidolipid (GPL)-core IgA antibodies), including nine patients positive for mycobacterial culture. On BALF 16S rRNA gene sequencing, six patients were positive for the genus Mycobacterium and were culture-positive. Among the 16 patients in the non-MAC-LD group, the genus Pseudomonas was detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 7 patients, 4 among whom were positive for MAC antibodies (anti-GPL-core IgA antibodies). Conversely, the genus Pseudomonas was not detected among the nine patients in the MAC-LD group. Other than the genus Pseudomonas, there was no clear difference in the composition of and no significant difference in the diversity of the bacterial flora between the MAC-LD and non-MAC-LD groups. However, we found that the genus Pseudomonas and MAC tended to exist exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Japan.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsuzawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroki Wakabayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Japan
| | - Moe Shioya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Japan
| | - Sho Hayakawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tatsuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Japan
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Ye Q, Zhang Q, Yao H, Xu A, Liu Y, Qi J, Zhang H, Zhang J. Active-Ingredient Screening and Synergistic Action Mechanism of Shegan Mixture for Anti-Asthma Effects Based on Network Pharmacology in a Mouse Model of Asthma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1765-1777. [PMID: 33953545 PMCID: PMC8092947 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s288829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Shegan Mixture (SGM) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects on asthma. However, its active ingredients and combined action mechanism have not been fully elucidated so far. The purpose of this study was to screen the effective ingredients and targets and elucidate the synergistic action mechanism of SGM in asthma mice using the network pharmacological approach. Methods A mouse model of asthma model was used in this study. Mice were orally administered SGM at three doses for 4 weeks and the effect of SGM on asthma was evaluated. The active ingredients and their targets of SGM were identified by searching databases, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). The main active ingredients were selected with parameters OB and DL. The synergistic action mechanisms of SGM in asthma were studied through key active ingredient-target interaction network and verified using surface plasmon resonance assay (SPR). Results SGM exerts anti-asthmatic effects by reducing lung tissue damage and inflammatory factors (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in asthmatic mice. Twenty ingredients and 45 related proteins were selected as potential nodes using enrichment analysis and network analysis. Inflammation and smooth muscle regulation-related pathways were considered to be the main pharmacological mechanisms of SGM in the treatment of asthma. Especially, 5 molecule-target pairs (including 3 ingredients and 4 proteins) were well docked with each other and the SPR assay revealed that glabridin-PTGS2 had good binding with 44.5 μM Kd value. Conclusion SGM exerts the synergistic anti-asthma effects by virtue of reducing lung-tissue damage and inflammatory factors in asthmatic mice, which explains the theoretical basis for the traditional Chinese medicine, SGM, to treat asthma. Our study thus sheds light on a variety of options including Chinese medicine that could potentially be used in the clinical treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ajing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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Chiu CJ, Huang MT. Asthma in the Precision Medicine Era: Biologics and Probiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4528. [PMID: 33926084 PMCID: PMC8123613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a major global health issue. Over 300 million people worldwide suffer from this chronic inflammatory airway disease. Typical clinical symptoms of asthma are characterized by a recurrent wheezy cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. The main goals of asthma management are to alleviate asthma symptoms, reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations, and minimize long-term medicinal adverse effects. However, currently available type 2 T helper cells (Th2)-directed treatments are often ineffective due to the heterogeneity of the asthma subgroups, which manifests clinically with variable and poor treatment responses. Personalized precision therapy of asthma according to individualized clinical characteristics (phenotype) and laboratory biomarkers (endotype) is the future prospect. This mini review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma pathogenesis, including the hot sought-after topic of microbiota, add-on therapies and the potential application of probiotics in the management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Miao-Tzu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Kim YJ, Womble JT, Gunsch CK, Ingram JL. The Gut/Lung Microbiome Axis in Obesity, Asthma, and Bariatric Surgery: A Literature Review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:636-644. [PMID: 33759390 PMCID: PMC7995617 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that obesity, parameters of metabolic syndrome, and asthma are significantly associated. Interestingly, these conditions are also associated with microbiome dysbiosis, notably in the airway microbiome for patients with asthma and in the gut microbiome for patients with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome. Considering that improvements in asthma control, lung function, and airway hyperresponsiveness are often reported after bariatric surgery, this review investigated the potential role of bacterial gut and airway microbiome changes after bariatric surgery in ameliorating asthma symptoms. Rapid and persistent gut microbiota alterations were reported following surgery, some of which can be sustained for years. The gut microbiome is thought to modulate airway cellular responses via short-chain fatty acids and inflammatory mediators, such that increased propionate and butyrate levels following surgery may aid in reducing asthma symptoms. In addition, increased prevalence of Akkermansia muciniphila after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy may confer protection against airway hyperreactivity and inflammation. Metabolic syndrome parameters also improved following bariatric surgery, and whether weight-loss-independent metabolic changes affect airway processes and asthma pathobiology merits further research. Fulfilling knowledge gaps outlined in this review could facilitate the development of new therapeutic options for patients with obesity and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ji Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jack T. Womble
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Claudia K. Gunsch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer L. Ingram
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Hartmann JE, Albrich WC, Dmitrijeva M, Kahlert CR. The Effects of Corticosteroids on the Respiratory Microbiome: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:588584. [PMID: 33777968 PMCID: PMC7988087 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.588584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since its discovery, the respiratory microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple pulmonary diseases. Even though corticosteroid treatments are widely prescribed for pulmonary diseases, their effects on the respiratory microbiome are still poorly understood. This systematic review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of corticosteroids on the microbiome of the airways. Research Question: How does treatment with corticosteroids impact the respiratory microbiome? Study Design and Methods: According to the PRISMA guidelines, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were systematically searched for all observational or randomized-controlled studies comparing the microbiome parameters of patients receiving corticosteroids to those of controls. The primary outcomes of interest were changes in the diversity, composition and total burden of the respiratory microbiome as assessed by culture-independent molecular methods. Results: Out of 1,943 identified reports, five studies could be included: two on patients with asthma, two on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and one on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The studies were highly heterogeneous with regards to the methods used and the populations investigated. Microbiome diversity increased with corticosteroids at least transiently in three studies and decreased in one study. The effects of corticosteroids on the composition of the respiratory microbiome were significant but without a clear shared direction. A significant increase in microbial burden after corticosteroids was seen in one study. Interpretation: Data on the effect of corticosteroids on the respiratory microbiome are still limited, with considerable heterogeneity between studies. However, available data suggest that corticosteroid treatment may have significant effects on the composition and possibly the diversity of the respiratory microbiome. Further research is needed to better understand the influence of corticosteroids on the respiratory microbiome and thus better target its widespread therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Hartmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Werner C. Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marija Dmitrijeva
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R. Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases/Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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50
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Magryś A. Microbiota: A Missing Link in The Pathogenesis of Chronic Lung Inflammatory Diseases. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:25-32. [PMID: 33815524 PMCID: PMC8008760 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases account for high morbidity and mortality, with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) being the most prevalent globally. Even though the diseases increase in prevalence, the exact underlying mechanisms have still not been fully understood. Despite their differences in nature, pathophysiologies, and clinical phenotypes, a growing body of evidence indicates that the presence of lung microbiota can shape the pathogenic processes underlying chronic inflammation, typically observed in the course of the diseases. Therefore, the characterization of the lung microbiota may shed new light on the pathogenesis of these diseases. Specifically, in chronic respiratory tract diseases, the human microbiota may contribute to the disease’s development and severity. The present review explores the role of the microbiota in the area of chronic pulmonary diseases, especially COPD, asthma, and CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Magryś
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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