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Chockalingam M, Skinner K, Melvin G, Yap MBH. Modifiable Parent Factors Associated with Child and Adolescent School Refusal: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1459-1475. [PMID: 35397716 PMCID: PMC10435607 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
School refusal is a complex problem that refers to difficulty attending/remaining at school due to emotional distress about attendance. Despite its occurrence being associated with negative outcomes, many are unresponsive to the current treatment options. While parent factors have a key role to play in school refusal, they are not adequately addressed in existing treatments. Further research is needed to consolidate understanding and implement new treatments. Employing the PRISMA method, this review aims to identify modifiable parent factors associated with child and/or adolescent school refusal. Eight studies met inclusion criteria from which nine factors were identified. Factors found to be associated with school refusal included: parent psychopathology, family functioning and maternal overprotection (communication subdomain). Other factors such as maternal overprotection (affection, assistance and travel subdomains) and parental self-efficacy had weak or inconsistent results warranting further investigation. Overall, findings call for action in this field that has sparse and dated literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Chockalingam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kayan Skinner
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Glenn Melvin
- School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Marie B H Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Verdejo-Garcia A, Rezapour T, Giddens E, Khojasteh Zonoozi A, Rafei P, Berry J, Caracuel A, Copersino ML, Field M, Garland EL, Lorenzetti V, Malloy-Diniz L, Manning V, Marceau EM, Pennington DL, Strickland JC, Wiers R, Fairhead R, Anderson A, Bell M, Boendermaker WJ, Brooks S, Bruno R, Campanella S, Cousijn J, Cox WM, Dean AC, Ersche KD, Franken I, Froeliger B, Gamito P, Gladwin TE, Goncalves PD, Houben K, Jacobus J, Jones A, Kaag AM, Lindenmeyer J, McGrath E, Nardo T, Oliveira J, Pennington CR, Perrykkad K, Piercy H, Rupp CI, Schulte MHJ, Squeglia LM, Staiger P, Stein DJ, Stein J, Stein M, Stoops WW, Sweeney M, Witkiewitz K, Woods SP, Yi R, Zhao M, Ekhtiari H. Cognitive training and remediation interventions for substance use disorders: a Delphi consensus study. Addiction 2023; 118:935-951. [PMID: 36508168 PMCID: PMC10073279 DOI: 10.1111/add.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Substance use disorders (SUD) are associated with cognitive deficits that are not always addressed in current treatments, and this hampers recovery. Cognitive training and remediation interventions are well suited to fill the gap for managing cognitive deficits in SUD. We aimed to reach consensus on recommendations for developing and applying these interventions. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We used a Delphi approach with two sequential phases: survey development and iterative surveying of experts. This was an on-line study. During survey development, we engaged a group of 15 experts from a working group of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (Steering Committee). During the surveying process, we engaged a larger pool of experts (n = 54) identified via recommendations from the Steering Committee and a systematic review. MEASUREMENTS Survey with 67 items covering four key areas of intervention development: targets, intervention approaches, active ingredients and modes of delivery. FINDINGS Across two iterative rounds (98% retention rate), the experts reached a consensus on 50 items including: (i) implicit biases, positive affect, arousal, executive functions and social processing as key targets of interventions; (ii) cognitive bias modification, contingency management, emotion regulation training and cognitive remediation as preferred approaches; (iii) practice, feedback, difficulty-titration, bias modification, goal-setting, strategy learning and meta-awareness as active ingredients; and (iv) both addiction treatment work-force and specialized neuropsychologists facilitating delivery, together with novel digital-based delivery modalities. CONCLUSIONS Expert recommendations on cognitive training and remediation for substance use disorders highlight the relevance of targeting implicit biases, reward, emotion regulation and higher-order cognitive skills via well-validated intervention approaches qualified with mechanistic techniques and flexible delivery options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Rezapour
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emily Giddens
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Rafei
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamie Berry
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Alfonso Caracuel
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leandro Malloy-Diniz
- Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Victoria Manning
- Turning Point Drug and Alcohol Centre and Monash Addiction Research Centre (MARC), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ely M Marceau
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - David L Pennington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reinout Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rahia Fairhead
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Anderson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Morris Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wouter J Boendermaker
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samantha Brooks
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, TAS, Hobart, Australia
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Miles Cox
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Andrew C Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingmar Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Priscila D Goncalves
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrijn Houben
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Anne M Kaag
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Elly McGrath
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Talia Nardo
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Kelsey Perrykkad
- Cognition and Philosophy Laboratory, Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hugh Piercy
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia I Rupp
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Clinics of Psychiatry I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mieke H J Schulte
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Petra Staiger
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeff Stein
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginial Tech, VA, USA
| | - Maria Stein
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - William W Stoops
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mary Sweeney
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology and Center on Alcohol, Substance Use and Addictions, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Steven P Woods
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard Yi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Strategic Priorities for Implementation of Father-Inclusive Practice in Mental Health Services for Children and Families: A Delphi Expert Consensus Study. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2022:10.1007/s10488-022-01222-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s10488-022-01222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate expert consensus on barriers and facilitators to the organizational implementation of Father-Inclusive Practice (FIP) in child and family services to establish strategic priorities for implementation. An international panel of 56 experts in child and family service provision and father inclusion were surveyed using the Delphi technique. Three online questionnaires were used to gather opinions and measure experts’ levels of agreement in regard to factors that enable or hinder the organizational implementation of FIP. Survey design, analysis and interpretation was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Consensus was achieved for 46.4% (n = 13) statements. Eight barriers and five facilitators were identified as strategic priorities to organizational implementation of FIP. The key factors were related to the following CFIR themes: leadership engagement, access to information and knowledge, implementation climate, structural characteristics, networks and communication, client needs and resources, external policies and incentives, and reflecting and evaluating. The study findings suggest that issues related to central prioritization, top-down organizational processes and external policy context should represent priority areas for implementation. Our results prioritise methods for improving FIP by highlighting the key areas of organizational practice to be addressed by tailored implementation strategies.
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Protogerou C, Gladwell V, Martin C. Development of a self-report measure to assess sleep satisfaction: Protocol for the Suffolk Sleep Index (SuSI). Front Psychol 2022; 13:1016229. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Good sleep is essential for health but there is no consensus on how to define and measure people’s understanding of good sleep. To date, people’s perceptions of a good night’s sleep have been, almost exclusively, conceptualized under the lens of sleep quality, which refers to objective characteristics of good sleep, such as such as ease and time needed to fall asleep, hours of sleep, and physical symptoms during sleep and upon awakening. A related, yet different construct, sleep satisfaction, refers to perceived positive affect about one’s sleep experience and has, to date, received little attention. This research focuses on sleep satisfaction, rather than sleep quality, and aims to develop a self-report measure to assess sleep satisfaction in an English adult population. As the measure will be developed in Suffolk, England, and its primary intended users are Suffolk community members, it is labelled the Suffolk Sleep Index (SuSI). The SuSI will draw from principles of community-based participatory research, following a seven-phase developmental process comprising literature review, interviews with Suffolk community members, synthesis of literature review and interview findings, pre-testing, pilot-testing, scale evaluation, and refinement. The present research will also investigate indices related to sleep satisfaction, including the community’s general health status, lifestyle factors and socio-economic status. The research will add to the limited, yet emerging body of research on perceived sleep satisfaction and its measurement. To our knowledge, a valid and reliable sleep satisfaction self-report measure has not been developed in the United Kingdom previously.
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Connor C, Mbh Y, Warwick J, Birchwood M, De Valliere N, Madan J, Melvin GA, Padfield E, Patterson P, Petrou S, Raynes K, Stewart-Brown S, Thompson A. An online parenting intervention to prevent affective disorders in high-risk adolescents: the PIPA trial protocol. Trials 2022; 23:655. [PMID: 35971178 PMCID: PMC9376903 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression can place a young person at high risk of recurrence and a range of psychosocial and vocational impairments in adult life, highlighting the importance of early recognition and prevention. Parents/carers are well placed to notice changes in their child's emotional wellbeing which may indicate risk, and there is increasing evidence that modifiable factors exist within the family system that may help reduce the risk of depression and anxiety in an adolescent. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the online personalised 'Partners in Parenting' programme developed in Australia, focused on improving parenting skills, knowledge and awareness, showed that it helped reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents who had elevated symptom levels at baseline. We have adapted this programme and will conduct an RCT in a UK setting. METHODS In total, 433 family dyads (parents/carers and children aged 11-15) will be recruited through schools, social media and parenting/family groups in the UK. Following completion of screening measures of their adolescent's depressive symptoms, parents/carers of those with elevated scores will be randomised to receive either the online personalised parenting programme or a series of online factsheets about adolescent development and wellbeing. The primary objective will be to test whether the personalised parenting intervention reduces depressive symptoms in adolescents deemed at high risk, using the parent-reported Short Mood & Feelings Questionnaire. Follow-up assessments will be undertaken at 6 and 15 months and a process evaluation will examine context, implementation and impact of the intervention. An economic evaluation will also be incorporated with cost-effectiveness of the parenting intervention expressed in terms of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. DISCUSSION Half of mental health problems emerge before mid-adolescence and approximately three-quarters by mid-20s, highlighting the need for effective preventative strategies. However, few early interventions are family focused and delivered online. We aim to conduct a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) funded RCT of the online personalised 'Partners in Parenting' programme, proven effective in Australia, targeting adolescents at risk of depression to evaluate its effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and usability in a UK setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION {2A}: ISRCTN63358736 . Registered 18 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Connor
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Yap Mbh
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Warwick
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - M Birchwood
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - N De Valliere
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - J Madan
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - E Padfield
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - P Patterson
- Birmingham Women's & Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Petrou
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - K Raynes
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - S Stewart-Brown
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - A Thompson
- University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Khor SPH, Fulgoni CM, Lewis D, Melvin GA, Jorm AF, Lawrence K, Bei B, Yap MBH. Short-term outcomes of the Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies intervention for parents of adolescents treated for anxiety and/or depression: A single-arm double-baseline trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:695-708. [PMID: 34231423 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether the Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies programme increased parenting behaviours known to be supportive of adolescents experiencing anxiety and/or depression. Secondary parenting outcomes of parental self-efficacy, parental accommodation, carer burden, parent-adolescent attachment, family functioning and parent distress were also examined, along with adolescent outcomes of anxiety and depression symptoms, suicidal ideation and sleep. METHOD Seventy-one parents (94.4% females) and their adolescents (73.2% females) aged 12-18 years (Mean = 15.02, SD = 1.56) being treated for depression and/or anxiety in Australia were recruited into a single-arm double-baseline open-label trial. Parents received Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies, which comprised up to nine web-based modules each supplemented with coaching sessions via videoconferencing. Outcomes were analysed using latent growth curve modelling to determine if changes to outcomes at post-intervention (4 month post-second baseline) exceeded changes between two baselines measured 1 month apart. RESULTS Sixty-five parents (91.6%) completed at least one module of the online parenting intervention and on average received nine coaching sessions (SD = 2). Parenting behaviours targeted by Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies improved at post-intervention (Cohen's d = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [0.78, 1.51]). Parent-reported parental self-efficacy and parent-adolescent attachment increased (Cohen's d = 1.44 [1.05, 1.82] and 0.39 [0.05, 0.74], respectively), while impairments to family functioning and parent distress decreased (Cohen's d = -0.51 [-0.86, -0.16] and -0.84 [-1.23, -0.44], respectively). Changes to adolescent anxiety, depression and sleep were not significant. CONCLUSION The Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies intervention improved self-reported parenting behaviours, parental self-efficacy, parent levels of distress, parent-adolescent attachment, and family functioning in parents with adolescents being treated for anxiety and/or depression. However, significant changes in adolescent mental health and sleep outcomes at post-intervention were not observed. The usefulness of a therapist-supported online parenting programme in addressing a service gap for parents seeking professional help is indicated. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number (ACTRN) 12618000290291, prospectively registered on 26 February 2018; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=368031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pheik Hoon Khor
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Margaret Fulgoni
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah Lewis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn A Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Lawrence
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie Bee Hui Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Bouchard L, Meunier S. Promoting remote workers' psychological health: Effective management practices during the COVID‐19 crisis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES / REVUE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES DE L'ADMINISTRATION 2022; 40:10.1002/cjas.1664. [PMCID: PMC9086948 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify specific management practices that promote the psychological health of remote workers in the context of the COVID‐19 crisis. A two‐round Delphi study was conducted among 28 teleworkers and 22 managers. A list of 60 specific management practices was presented and participants had to identify whether each one could be used in the current remote working context and, if so, how useful it was to promote psychological health at work. Results indicate that most specific management practices usually used in a face‐to‐face setting can also be used in a remote context (85%). Practices that show consideration, establishing work structure, and allowing flexibility were also identified as the most useful to promote remote workers' psychological health during the pandemic. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge about specific management practices, remote working, and crisis management. It also suggests specific practices that managers can adopt to promote the psychological health of their employees during a period of crisis, even while managing from a distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bouchard
- Department of PsychologyUniversité du Québec MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sophie Meunier
- Department of PsychologyUniversité du Québec MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
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8
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Castro‐Calvo J, King DL, Stein DJ, Brand M, Carmi L, Chamberlain SR, Demetrovics Z, Fineberg NA, Rumpf H, Yücel M, Achab S, Ambekar A, Bahar N, Blaszczynski A, Bowden‐Jones H, Carbonell X, Chan EML, Ko C, de Timary P, Dufour M, Grall‐Bronnec M, Lee HK, Higuchi S, Jimenez‐Murcia S, Király O, Kuss DJ, Long J, Müller A, Pallanti S, Potenza MN, Rahimi‐Movaghar A, Saunders JB, Schimmenti A, Lee S, Siste K, Spritzer DT, Starcevic V, Weinstein AM, Wölfling K, Billieux J. Expert appraisal of criteria for assessing gaming disorder: an international Delphi study. Addiction 2021; 116:2463-2475. [PMID: 33449441 PMCID: PMC8451754 DOI: 10.1111/add.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following the recognition of 'internet gaming disorder' (IGD) as a condition requiring further study by the DSM-5, 'gaming disorder' (GD) was officially included as a diagnostic entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, the proposed diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder remain the subject of debate, and there has been no systematic attempt to integrate the views of different groups of experts. To achieve a more systematic agreement on this new disorder, this study employed the Delphi expert consensus method to obtain expert agreement on the diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value of the DSM-5 criteria and ICD-11 clinical guidelines for GD. METHODS A total of 29 international experts with clinical and/or research experience in GD completed three iterative rounds of a Delphi survey. Experts rated proposed criteria in progressive rounds until a pre-determined level of agreement was achieved. RESULTS For DSM-5 IGD criteria, there was an agreement both that a subset had high diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value and that some (e.g. tolerance, deception) had low diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value. Crucially, some DSM-5 criteria (e.g. escapism/mood regulation, tolerance) were regarded as incapable of distinguishing between problematic and non-problematic gaming. In contrast, ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for GD (except for the criterion relating to diminished non-gaming interests) were judged as presenting high diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS This Delphi survey provides a foundation for identifying the most diagnostically valid and clinically useful criteria for GD. There was expert agreement that some DSM-5 criteria were not clinically relevant and may pathologize non-problematic patterns of gaming, whereas ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines are likely to diagnose GD adequately and avoid pathologizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castro‐Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological TreatmentsUniversity of ValenciaSpain
| | - Daniel L. King
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social WorkFlinders UniversityAustralia
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR)University Duisburg‐EssenGermany
| | - Lior Carmi
- The Data Science InstituteInter‐disciplinary CenterHerzliyaIsrael
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK,Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation TrustWelwyn Garden CityUK,University of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of LuebeckLuebeckGermany
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and Monash Biomedical Imaging FacilityMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sophia Achab
- Specialized Facility In Behavioral Addictions, ReConnecte, Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenervaSwitzerland,Faculty of MedicineGeneva UniversityGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Atul Ambekar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment CentreAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of HealthMalaysia
| | - Alexander Blaszczynski
- Faculty of Science, Brain and Mind Centre, School of PsychologyUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | - Xavier Carbonell
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences BlanquernaRamon Llull UniversityBarcelonaSpain
| | - Elda Mei Lo Chan
- St John's Cathedral Counselling Service, and Division on AddictionHong Kong
| | - Chih‐Hung Ko
- Department of PsychiatryKaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung CityTaiwan
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult PsychiatryInstitute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain and Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Marie Grall‐Bronnec
- CHU Nantes, Department of Addictology and PsychiatryNantesFrance,Universités de Nantes et Tours, UMR 1246NantesFrance
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital OrganizationKurihama Medical and Addiction CenterJapan
| | - Susana Jimenez‐Murcia
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology DepartmentNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainLouvainBelgium
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyHannover Medical SchoolHanoverGermany
| | | | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study CenterYale School of Medicine and Connecticut Mental Health CenterNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction StudiesTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - John B. Saunders
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse ResearchUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Seung‐Yup Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kristiana Siste
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia,Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalJakartaIndonesia
| | - Daniel T. Spritzer
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesFederal University of Rio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzGermany
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Health and Behaviour InstituteUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
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Müller A, Laskowski NM, Trotzke P, Ali K, Fassnacht DB, de Zwaan M, Brand M, Häder M, Kyrios M. Proposed diagnostic criteria for compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A Delphi expert consensus study. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:208-222. [PMID: 33852420 PMCID: PMC8996806 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consensus in acknowledging compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) as a distinct diagnosis has been lacking. Before research in this area can be advanced, it is necessary to establish diagnostic criteria in order to facilitate field trials. METHODS The study consisted of the following phases: (1) operationalization of a broad range of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD, (2) two iterative rounds of data collection using the Delphi method, where consensus of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD was reached by an international expert panel, and (3) interpretation of findings taking into account the degree of certainty amongst experts regarding their responses. RESULTS With respect to diagnostic criteria, there was clear expert consensus about inclusion of the persistent and recurrent experience of (a) intrusive and/or irresistible urges and/or impulses and/or cravings and/or preoccupations for buying/shopping; (b) diminished control over buying/shopping; (c) excessive purchasing of items without utilizing them for their intended purposes, (d) use of buying-shopping to regulate internal states; (e) negative consequences and impairment in important areas of functioning due to buying/shopping; (f) emotional and cognitive symptoms upon cessation of excessive buying/shopping; and (g) maintenance or escalation of dysfunctional buying/shopping behaviors despite negative consequences. Furthermore, support was found for a specifier related to the presence of excessive hoarding of purchased items. CONCLUSIONS The proposed diagnostic criteria can be used as the basis for the development of diagnostic interviews and measures of CBSD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Müller
- 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nora M Laskowski
- 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Patrick Trotzke
- 2General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- 3International University of Applied Sciences (IUBH), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathina Ali
- 4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 5Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- 4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 5Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- 2General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
- 7Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Häder
- 8Institute of Sociology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kyrios
- 4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 5Órama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- 6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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10
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Boardley ID, Chandler M, Backhouse SH, Petróczi A. Co-creating a social science research agenda for clean sport: An international Delphi study. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 92:103161. [PMID: 33589380 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doping in sport is a significant issue. To date, research informing doping prevention has lacked a framework guiding research priorities. To ensure research is coordinated, sustainable and focused on end-user priorities, this study co-created the first research agenda for doping prevention. METHODS The Delphi method was used to develop this agenda. Based upon two substantive reviews of the doping literature and 12 focus groups across five countries, a questionnaire was developed assessing the importance of 15 research topics and identifying research questions. Eighty-two anti-doping stakeholders with relevant expertise were invited to be panel members. In Round 1, an expert panel (n = 57; 70% response rate) completed this questionnaire. In Round 2, panel members (n = 33; 58% response rate) ranked for relative importance the eight topic areas rated highest in Round 1, before doing the same for research questions within each topic. Based on these rankings, a draft agenda was created. In Round 3, panel members (n = 26; 79% response rate) rated the degree to which they accepted this agenda, the feasibility of its delivery and identified possible barriers and facilitators to implementation. RESULTS The results of Round 1 and Round 2 were used to create a draft agenda consisting of 18 research questions stratified across eight topic areas. This agenda was either fully (n = 16) or mostly (n = 9) accepted by the panel in Round 3 (96.2%). Research topics included the effectiveness of interventions/education programmes, environmental influences, long-term development of protective and risk factors in athletes and their entourage, athletes' experiences of anti-doping procedures and athletes' place in the anti-doping system. CONCLUSIONS A rigorous exercise created an agenda for doping prevention research. Adoption and application of this agenda should lead to better coordination, more efficient use of funding, enhanced uptake of research findings and more effective doping prevention education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Boardley
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin Chandler
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Susan H Backhouse
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley, Leeds, LS16 5LF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Petróczi
- Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
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11
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Identifying risk factors and detection strategies for adolescent depression in diverse global settings: A Delphi consensus study. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:66-74. [PMID: 33039776 PMCID: PMC7758738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence represents a vulnerable period for the onset of depression. Globally, there is a need to better understand risk factors for adolescent depression to inform policies for effective prevention initiatives. METHODS A Delphi consensus study was conducted on risk factors, early signs, and detection strategies for adolescent depression in global settings. Over 3 survey rounds, global experts formulated and ranked these variables for (1) specificity for adolescent depression and (2) feasibility of measurement (round 1, n=21 participants; rounds 2 and 3, n=17). We calculated Smith's salience index as a measure of consensus. Interviews were conducted with 10 participants to elicit qualitative reflections on the ranking results, and on the influence of cultural and contextual factors on depression risks. RESULTS Thirty-one risk factors for adolescent depression were generated. Panelists ranked three as highly specific and highly feasible to measure: family history of depression, exposure to bullying, and a negative family environment. Six were ranked as modestly specific and highly feasible: physical illness or disability, female sex, bereavement, trauma exposure, substance abuse, and low self-esteem. An additional 5 items were modestly specific and modestly feasible: social difficulties, academic stress, poverty, loss of family, and cognitive distortions. Five symptoms were at least modestly specific and feasible to measure: mood changes, loss of interest, social isolation, suicidality, and sleep changes. Schools were considered the most feasible place for screening. LIMITATIONS The participants were not representative of all countries and cultural regions. CONCLUSIONS This study offers a profile of risk factors developed and prioritized by experts to inform a research agenda for risk, identification and prevention of adolescent depression across global settings.
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13
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Khor SPH, McClure A, Aldridge G, Bei B, Yap MBH. Modifiable parental factors in adolescent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 56:101408. [PMID: 33326915 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are prevalent during adolescence, but parents may be able to support adolescents to sleep better. A systematic search of records from six databases from inception up to November 2019, identified 103 peer-reviewed publications that examined behaviourally and cognitively modifiable parental factors associated with sleep in adolescents aged 12-18 years. Although included studies were largely cross-sectional and heterogeneous, with heavy reliance on self-reported measures, associations with sound, convergent levels of evidence were found for: 1) parental rule-setting for bedtimes and parent sleep behaviours with longer sleep duration in adolescents; 2) healthy parent sleep and family functioning with better adolescent sleep quality; and 3) parental warmth with better adolescent daytime functioning. Effect sizes were in the small to moderate range. The identified parental factors are recommended targets for inclusion in parenting programs to support adolescent sleep, however, would require validation in intervention studies. Opportunities for research are outlined for the identified parental factors, sleep domains with limited evidence, and better understanding the mechanisms or possible moderators in the associations between parental factors and sleep outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P H Khor
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Anne McClure
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Grace Aldridge
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Marie B H Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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14
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Parenting × Brain Development interactions as predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms and well-being: Differential susceptibility or diathesis-stress? Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:139-150. [PMID: 30712517 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear how individual differences in parenting and brain development interact to influence adolescent mental health outcomes. This study examined interactions between structural brain development and observed maternal parenting behavior in the prediction of adolescent depressive symptoms and psychological well-being. Whether findings supported diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility frameworks was tested. Participants completed observed interactions with their mothers during early adolescence (age 13), and the frequency of positive and aggressive maternal behavior were coded. Adolescents also completed structural magnetic resonance imaging scans at three time points: mean ages 13, 17, and 19. Regression models analyzed interactions between maternal behavior and longitudinal brain development in the prediction of late adolescent (age 19) outcomes. Indices designed to distinguish between diathesis-stress and differential susceptibility effects were employed. Results supported differential susceptibility: less thinning of frontal regions was associated with higher well-being in the context of low levels of aggressive maternal behavior, and lower well-being in the context of high levels of aggressive maternal behavior. Findings suggest that reduced frontal cortical thinning during adolescence may underlie increased sensitivity to maternal aggressive behavior for better and worse and highlight the importance of investigating biological vulnerability versus susceptibility.
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15
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Wahid SS, Pedersen GA, Ottman K, Burgess A, Gautam K, Martini T, Viduani A, Momodu O, Lam C, Fisher HL, Kieling C, Adewuya AO, Mondelli V, Kohrt BA. Detection of risk for depression among adolescents in diverse global settings: protocol for the IDEA qualitative study in Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria and the UK. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034335. [PMID: 32723734 PMCID: PMC7389769 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, depression is a leading cause of disability among adolescents, and suicide rates are increasing among youth. Treatment alone is insufficient to address the issue. Early identification and prevention efforts are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. The Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence (IDEA) consortium is developing risk detection strategies that incorporate biological, psychological and social factors that can be evaluated in diverse global populations. In addition to epidemiological and neuroscience research, the IDEA consortium is conducting a qualitative study to explore three domains of inquiry: (1) cultural heterogeneity of biopsychosocial risk factors and lived experience of adolescent depression in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC); (2) the feasibility, acceptability and ethics of a risk calculator tool for adolescent depression that can be used in LMIC and high-income countries and (3) capacity for biological research into biomarkers for depression risk among adolescents in LMIC. This is a multisite qualitative study being conducted in Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria and the UK. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic set of qualitative methods will be used in this study. The Delphi method, Theory of Change (ToC) workshops, key-informant interviews and focus group discussions will be used to elicit perspectives on the study topics from a broad range of stakeholders (adolescents, parents, policy-makers, teachers, health service providers, social workers and experts). Delphi panellists will participate in three survey rounds to generate consensus through facilitated feedback. Stakeholders will create ToC models via facilitated workshops in the LMIC sites. The framework approach will be used to analyse data from the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approvals were received from the Ethics Review Board of George Washington University and from site-specific institutions in Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria and the UK. The findings generated from this study will be reported in highly accessed, peer-reviewed, scientific and health policy journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shabab Wahid
- Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gloria A Pedersen
- Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Katherine Ottman
- Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Abigail Burgess
- SGDP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Gautam
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Thais Martini
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anna Viduani
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Olufisayo Momodu
- Department of Psychiatry, Lagos Island General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Crystal Lam
- Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Helen L Fisher
- SGDP Centre, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Abiodun O Adewuya
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Wu AMS, Lai MHC, Lau JTF, Walden DL. Incidence of Probable Depression and Its Predictors Among Chinese Secondary School Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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18
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Rasing SPA, Braam MWG, Brunwasser SM, Janssens JMAM, Creemers DHM, Scholte RHJ. Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Female Adolescents: Relations with Parental Psychopathology and Parenting Behavior. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:298-313. [PMID: 31355507 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Parental psychopathology and parenting behavior are known to be related to adolescents depression and anxiety, but unique roles of mothers and fathers are not clear. Our aim was to examine the relation of maternal and paternal psychopathology, emotional support, and respect for autonomy, and their interaction to depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. In total, 142 female adolescents participated, together with 138 mothers and 113 fathers. Data were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling. Paternal emotional support was negatively related to adolescent baseline level of depression and anxiety symptoms. Further, we found that there was a positive association between respect for autonomy and depression symptoms in adolescents for higher levels of paternal symptoms of psychological problems.
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Nicolas CC, Jorm AF, Cardamone-Breen MC, Lawrence KA, Yap MBH. Parental Self-Efficacy for Reducing the Risk of Adolescent Depression and Anxiety: Scale Development and Validation. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:249-265. [PMID: 31246378 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Burgeoning research suggests that parents can reduce the risk of anxiety and depression in their adolescents and that parental self-efficacy (PSE) may be related to parental risk and protective factors for these disorders. As there are currently no measures available to assess PSE in relation to parenting behaviors that may reduce adolescent risk for depression and anxiety, we developed and validated a measure of PSE, the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale (PSES). Using a sample of 359 parents and 332 adolescents (aged 12-15), the PSES was found to have high reliability, confirmatory factor analysis supported its validity, and most of the hypothesized relationships between the PSES and other measures of parenting practices and adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms were supported.
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20
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Fulgoni CM, Melvin GA, Jorm AF, Lawrence KA, Yap MB. The Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies (TOPS) program for parents of adolescents with clinical anxiety or depression: Development and feasibility pilot. Internet Interv 2019; 18:100285. [PMID: 31890632 PMCID: PMC6926173 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a Therapist-assisted Online Parenting Strategies (TOPS) program that is acceptable to parents whose adolescents have anxiety and/or depressive disorders, using a consumer consultation approach. METHODS The TOPS intervention was developed via three linked studies. Study 1 involved content analysis of feedback from participants (N = 56) who received a web-based preventive parenting intervention called Partners in Parenting (PiP), as part of a randomised controlled trial. Study 2 involved stakeholder consultations with: (i) parents of adolescents aged 12-17 years (N = 6), and (ii) mental health professionals (N = 28), to identify adaptations to PiP that are required to make it appropriate for parents of adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Study 3 was a pilot of the resulting TOPS program with professionals (N = 10) and a small sample of parents (N = 3) to assess the acceptability of the program content and format that involved online modules and videoconferencing coaching. RESULTS Study 1 indicated a need for an enhanced program for parents whose adolescents are experiencing anxiety and depressive disorders, while findings from Study 2 informed the content of the new TOPS program. In Study 3, mental health professionals endorsed the structure and content, while parents affirmed the acceptability of the TOPS program. Feedback from Studies 2 and 3 indicated that the therapist-coach was a valuable resource to (i) provide parents with strategies that are associated with the alleviation of adolescent anxiety and depression, (ii) discuss difficulties in implementing these strategies, (iii) assist parents with overcoming these difficulties; and (iv) support the development of a relapse prevention plan. Professionals felt that the TOPS program would broaden parental knowledge about how to recognise and respond to symptoms of clinical anxiety and depression in their adolescent. CONCLUSIONS This study provided preliminary support for the feasibility, acceptability and perceived usefulness of the TOPS program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M.F. Fulgoni
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Glenn A. Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia,Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anthony F. Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine A. Lawrence
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Marie B.H. Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,Corresponding author at: Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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21
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Yap MBH, Cardamone-Breen MC, Rapee RM, Lawrence KA, Mackinnon AJ, Mahtani S, Jorm AF. Medium-Term Effects of a Tailored Web-Based Parenting Intervention to Reduce Adolescent Risk of Depression and Anxiety: 12-Month Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e13628. [PMID: 31418422 PMCID: PMC6830751 DOI: 10.2196/13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prevention of depression and anxiety disorders early in life is a global health priority. Evidence on risk and protective factors for youth internalizing disorders indicates that the family represents a strategic setting to target preventive efforts. Despite this evidence base, there is a lack of accessible, cost-effective preventive programs for parents of adolescents. To address this gap, we recently developed the Partners in Parenting (PiP) program—an individually tailored Web-based parenting program targeting evidence-based parenting risk and protective factors for adolescent depression and anxiety disorders. We previously reported the postintervention outcomes of a single-blinded parallel-group superiority randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which PiP was found to significantly improve self-reported parenting compared with an active-control condition (educational factsheets). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the PiP program on parenting risk and protective factors and symptoms of adolescent depression and anxiety using data from the final assessment time point (12-month follow-up) of this RCT. Methods Parents (n=359) and adolescents (n=332) were recruited primarily from secondary schools and completed Web-based assessments of parenting and adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms at baseline, postintervention (3 months later), and 12-month follow-up (317 parents, 287 adolescents). Parents in the PiP intervention condition received personalized feedback about their parenting and were recommended a series of up to 9 interactive modules. Control group parents received access to 5 educational factsheets about adolescent development and mental health. Both groups received a weekly 5-min phone call to encourage progress through their program. Results Intervention group parents completed an average of 73.7% of their intended program. For the primary outcome of parent-reported parenting, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement from baseline to 12-month follow-up compared with controls, with a medium effect size (Cohen d=0.51; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.72). When transformed data were used, greater reduction in parent-reported adolescent depressive symptoms was observed in the intervention group (Cohen d=−0.21; 95% CI −0.42 to −0.01). Mediation analyses revealed that these effects were mediated by improvements in parenting (indirect effect b=−0.08; 95% CI −0.16 to −0.01). No other significant intervention effects were found for adolescent-reported parenting or adolescent depression or anxiety symptoms. Both groups showed significant reductions in anxiety (both reporters) and depressive (parent reported) symptoms. Conclusions PiP improved self-reported parenting for up to 9 months postintervention, but its effects on adolescent symptoms were less conclusive, and parent-reported changes were not perceived by adolescents. Nonetheless, given its scalability, PiP may be a useful low-cost, sustainable program to empower parents of adolescents. Trial Registration Australian Clinical Trials Registration Number (ACTRN): 12615000328572; http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12615000328572.aspx (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6qgsZ3Aqj).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bee Hui Yap
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mairead C Cardamone-Breen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine A Lawrence
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Shireen Mahtani
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Xu F, Cui W, Xing T, Parkinson M. Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms in a Chinese Low- and Middle- Income Sample: The Indirect Effects of Maternal Care and Adolescent Sense of Coherence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31031681 PMCID: PMC6470245 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated whether socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with adolescent depressive symptoms through maternal parenting and adolescent sense of coherence (SOC). Using a sample of 1220 Chinese adolescents, it was found that SES, maternal care, and adolescent SOC were positively related to each other and negatively related to adolescent depressive symptoms, respectively. Maternal control was positively related to adolescent depressive symptoms and negatively related to their SOC, but not significantly to SES. By analysis of structural equation modeling, we found that SES was associated with adolescent depressive symptoms indirectly through maternal care separately, as well as through maternal care and adolescent SOC sequentially. This study extended our understanding by showing possible indirect pathways by which family contextual factors and individual internal resources for adolescent depressive symptoms may operate separately and sequentially. The overall results highlighted the need to study adolescent depressive symptoms to find external and internal positive factors for maintaining adolescent emotional health, especially in families with relatively lower income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhen Xu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xing
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Monika Parkinson
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Yap MBH, Martin PD, Jorm AF. Online parenting guidelines to prevent adolescent depression and anxiety: Evaluating user characteristics and usefulness. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:951-958. [PMID: 29076246 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to evaluate user characteristics and the perceived usefulness of a set of online parenting guidelines to prevent adolescent depression and anxiety. METHODS Upon downloading the online guidelines, users were invited to complete a brief demographic survey assessing user characteristics (Survey 1). Consenting respondents were emailed an evaluation survey 1 month later, which assessed perceived usefulness of the guidelines (Survey 2). RESULTS Over 22 months, 2631 users completed Survey 1 and 233 completed Survey 2. Most users endorsed the usefulness of the guidelines, and most parent users reported at least a little improvement on their parenting. Users were favourable towards a web-based parenting program as one way to improve the guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the online guidelines may be a useful and sustainable universal prevention strategy for parents of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B H Yap
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D Martin
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Musil CM, Rice HM, Singer M, Givens SE, Warner CB, Zauszniewski JA, Burant CJ, Toly VB, Jeanblanc AB. Grandchildren's Depressive Symptoms and Perceptions of Family Functioning: Protective and Influencing Factors. West J Nurs Res 2018; 40:1319-1338. [PMID: 28738731 PMCID: PMC6151252 DOI: 10.1177/0193945917721017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A recent increase in children living with grandparents places more children at increased risk for emotional, psychological, or behavioral problems. This study used the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation to examine how children's living situation, parental monitoring, child's resourcefulness, and perceived support affect depressive symptoms and perceived family functioning. Of participants, 36% ( n = 56) lived with their parents only, 44% ( n = 69) lived with a grandmother as their primary caregiver, and 20% ( n = 31) lived in a multigenerational household. Results indicate parental monitoring and support affected perceptions of family functioning. Subjective support and resourcefulness affected depressive symptoms. No effects were found from living situation and demographic factors. Resourcefulness had the strongest effect on depressive symptoms, with a 3-point decrease in symptoms for each incremental increase in resourcefulness. This study provides insight into factors influencing children's depressive symptoms and perceived family functioning, and provides direction for the development of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Musil
- 1 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mark Singer
- 1 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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25
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The results of a targeted open trial of the Fun FRIENDS combined with a concurrent parent-based intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Cardamone-Breen MC, Jorm AF, Lawrence KA, Rapee RM, Mackinnon AJ, Yap MBH. A Single-Session, Web-Based Parenting Intervention to Prevent Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e148. [PMID: 29699964 PMCID: PMC5945988 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.9499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety disorders are significant contributors to burden of disease in young people, highlighting the need to focus preventive efforts early in life. Despite substantial evidence for the role of parents in the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders, there remains a need for translation of this evidence into preventive parenting interventions. To address this gap, we developed a single-session, Web-based, tailored psychoeducation intervention that aims to improve parenting practices known to influence the development of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of the intervention on parenting risk and protective factors and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescent participants. METHODS We conducted a single-blind, parallel group, superiority randomized controlled trial comparing the intervention with a 3-month waitlist control. The intervention is fully automated and consists of two components: (1) completion of an online self-assessment of current parenting practices against evidence-based parenting recommendations for the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders and (2) an individually tailored feedback report highlighting each parent’s strengths and areas for improvement based on responses to the self-assessment. A community sample of 349 parents, together with 327 adolescents (aged 12-15 years), were randomized to either the intervention or waitlist control condition. Parents and adolescents completed online self-reported assessments of parenting and adolescent symptoms of depression and anxiety at baseline, 1-month (parent-report of parenting only), and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Compared with controls, intervention group parents showed significantly greater improvement in parenting risk and protective factors from baseline to 1-month and 3-month follow-up (F2,331.22=16.36, P<.001), with a small to medium effect size at 3-month follow-up (d=0.33). There were no significant effects of the intervention on adolescent-report of parenting or symptoms of depression or anxiety in the adolescents (all P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that a single-session, individually tailored, Web-based parenting intervention can improve parenting factors that are known to influence the development of depression and anxiety in adolescents. However, our results do not support the effectiveness of the intervention in improving adolescent depression or anxiety symptoms in the short-term. Long-term studies are required to adequately assess the relationship between improving parenting factors and adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes. Nonetheless, this is a promising avenue for the translation of research into a low-cost, sustainable, universal prevention approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615000247572; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12615000247572 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6v1ha19XG)
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead C Cardamone-Breen
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine A Lawrence
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Marie Bee Hui Yap
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Predictors of remission from probable depression among Hong Kong adolescents - A large-scale longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:491-497. [PMID: 29334644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the incidence of remission from probable depression among adolescents in Hong Kong. Remissions were defined as having Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) scores changed from ≥16 at baseline to <16 over the 12-month follow-up period. The study tested the predictors of remissions, including perceived changes in family support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, positive affect, negative events, social anxiety, and loneliness. METHODS The study surveyed 9666 secondary school students and identified 5487 (57%) students with probable depression in Hong Kong. A questionnaire assessing the levels of the aforementioned variables was completed at baseline and at the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Among participants with probable depression at baseline, 23.2% remitted from depression at follow-up. Remissions were more common among males than females. Univariate logistic regression showed that perceived changes in all the aforementioned variables significantly predicted remission for both males and females. The same is true for most of these variables when they were entered together into multiple logistic regression models (with and without controlling for baseline CESD scores), except for family support in the female model and self-efficacy in both male and female models. LIMITATIONS Limitations include potential self-report bias and only one follow-up observation over time. The design treats cases of probable mild to severe depression as a single group (CESD≥16). CONCLUSIONS The findings are potentially useful for designing and guiding related intervention programs. Results highlight the importance of long-term follow-up of those screened as probable depression to understand the course of changes in levels of depression.
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28
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Yap MB, Lawrence KA, Rapee RM, Cardamone-Breen MC, Green J, Jorm AF. Partners in Parenting: A Multi-Level Web-Based Approach to Support Parents in Prevention and Early Intervention for Adolescent Depression and Anxiety. JMIR Ment Health 2017; 4:e59. [PMID: 29258974 PMCID: PMC5750418 DOI: 10.2196/mental.8492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders in young people are a global health concern. Various risk and protective factors for these disorders are potentially modifiable by parents, underscoring the important role parents play in reducing the risk and impact of these disorders in their adolescent children. However, cost-effective, evidence-based interventions for parents that can be widely disseminated are lacking. In this paper, we propose a multi-level public health approach involving a Web-based parenting intervention, Partners in Parenting (PIP). We describe the components of the Web-based intervention and how each component was developed. Development of the intervention was guided by principles of the persuasive systems design model to maximize parental engagement and adherence. A consumer-engagement approach was used, including consultation with parents and adolescents about the content and presentation of the intervention. The PIP intervention can be used at varying levels of intensity to tailor to the different needs of parents across the population. Challenges and opportunities for the use of the intervention are discussed. The PIP Web-based intervention was developed to address the dearth of evidence-based resources to support parents in their important role in their adolescents' mental health. The proposed public health approach utilizes this intervention at varying levels of intensity based on parents' needs. Evaluation of each separate level of the model is ongoing. Further evaluation of the whole approach is required to assess the utility of the intervention as a public health approach, as well as its broader effects on adolescent functioning and socioeconomic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bh Yap
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine A Lawrence
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mairead C Cardamone-Breen
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Green
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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29
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Cardamone-Breen MC, Jorm AF, Lawrence KA, Mackinnon AJ, Yap MBH. The Parenting to Reduce Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Scale: Assessing parental concordance with parenting guidelines for the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3825. [PMID: 28951815 PMCID: PMC5609518 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite substantial evidence demonstrating numerous parental risk and protective factors for the development of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders, there is currently no single measure that assesses these parenting factors. To address this gap, we developed the Parenting to Reduce Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Scale (PRADAS) as a criterion-referenced measure of parental concordance with a set of evidence-based parenting guidelines for the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders. In this paper, we used a sample of Australian parents of adolescents to: (1) validate the PRADAS as a criterion-referenced measure; (2) examine parental concordance with the guidelines in the sample; and (3) examine correlates of parental concordance with the guidelines. Methods Seven hundred eleven parents completed the PRADAS, as well as two established parenting measures, and parent-report measures of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. Six hundred sixty adolescent participants (aged 12–15) also completed the symptom measures. Concordance with the guidelines was assessed via nine subscale scores and a total score. Reliability of the scores was assessed with an estimate of the agreement coefficient, as well as 1-month test-retest reliability. Convergent validity was examined via correlations between the scale and two established parenting measures. Results One proposed subscale was removed from the final version of the scale, resulting in a total of eight subscales. Reliability was high for the total score, and acceptable to high for seven of the eight subscales. One-month test-retest reliability was acceptable to high for the total score. Convergent validity was supported by moderate to high correlations with two established measures of parenting. Overall, rates of parental concordance with the guidelines were low in our sample. Higher scores were associated with being female and higher levels of parental education. Greater parental concordance with the guidelines was associated with fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescent participants. Discussion This initial validation study provides preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the PRADAS. The scale has potential for use in both clinical and research settings. It may be used to identify parents’ strengths and potential targets for intervention, and as an outcome measure in studies of preventive parenting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead C Cardamone-Breen
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine A Lawrence
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mackinnon
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie B H Yap
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Yap MBH, Cheong TWK, Zaravinos-Tsakos F, Lubman DI, Jorm AF. Modifiable parenting factors associated with adolescent alcohol misuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Addiction 2017; 112:1142-1162. [PMID: 28178373 DOI: 10.1111/add.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adolescent alcohol misuse is a growing global health concern. Substantial research suggests that parents have an important role in reducing young people's risk for early initiation of alcohol and alcohol-related harms. To facilitate research translation, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of longitudinal studies examining the range of modifiable parenting factors that are associated with adolescent alcohol initiation and levels of later use/misuse. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase. Studies were included if they (i) used a longitudinal design; (ii) were published in English; (iii) measured any modifiable parenting factors in adolescence as predictors; (iv) assessed any alcohol-related outcome variables in adolescence and/or alcohol-related problems in adulthood; and (v) had a follow-up interval of at least 1 year. Parental behaviours were categorized into 12 parenting factors. Stouffer's P analyses were used to determine whether the associations between variables were reliable; when there were sufficient studies available, meta-analyses were also conducted to estimate mean effect sizes. RESULTS Based on 131 studies, three risk factors (parental provision of alcohol, favourable parental attitudes towards alcohol use and parental drinking) and four protective factors (parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, parental support and parental involvement) were identified as longitudinal predictors of both alcohol initiation and levels of later alcohol use/misuse, based on their significant results in both Stouffer's P analyses and meta-analyses. The mean effect sizes were mainly small (rs = -0.224 to 0.263). CONCLUSIONS Risk of adolescent alcohol misuse is positively associated with parental provision of alcohol, favourable parental attitudes towards alcohol use and parental drinking. It is negatively associated with parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, parental support and parental involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B H Yap
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria,, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Tony W K Cheong
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Foivos Zaravinos-Tsakos
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
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["Nicht von schlechten Eltern - NischE": A Family Orientated Collaborative Care Approach to Support Children in Families with Mentally Ill Parents]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2016; 65:668-687. [PMID: 27819619 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2016.65.9.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
"Nicht von schlechten Eltern - NischE": A Family Orientated Collaborative Care Approach to Support Children in Families with Mentally Ill Parents The present work describes the setting- and multi-professional offer "NischE" in Gütersloh, a systemic approach for the care of children and their mentally ill parents. Children of mentally ill parents are a special risk group for developing their own mental illness. The aim of the collaborative care model between child and adolescent psychiatry, youth services and adult psychiatry is to enable affected families in terms of family-focused practice a low threshold access to different services. For this purpose, two positions have been created to advise the affected families and support access to the help system in the sense of a systemic case management in a project. The article describes the background and the need for the development of the offer, the current scientific knowledge base on the subject and illustrates the procedure using a case study from practice.
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Spence SH, Rapee RM. The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model. Behav Res Ther 2016; 86:50-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Freitas CJ, Williams-Reade J, Distelberg B, Fox CA, Lister Z. Paternal depression during pregnancy and postpartum: An international Delphi study. J Affect Disord 2016; 202:128-36. [PMID: 27262634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fathers are at risk for depression during a mother's gestation and postpartum. Assessment, detection, and treatment are hampered by the lack of consensus on this issue. The purpose of this study was to reach expert consensus through the Delphi method on the defining factors of depression in peripartum fathers. METHODS Purposive sampling resulted in the surveying of 14 international expert panelists. The study used a modified Delphi approach in which experts participated in two rounds of open-ended and scale questionnaires, followed by two rounds of opportunities to adjust their responses and/or comment on evolving data until consensus was achieved. RESULTS Experts responded to 10 questions on terminology, diagnostics, symptomology, risk/protective factors, biological factors, assessment tools/protocol, cost implications, and key stakeholders. Of these 10 questions presented for discussion, the analysis resulted in 197 coded themes. Consensus was met for 119 of the 197 coded responses (60.41%). LIMITATIONS Diversity of opinion within this Delphi Study was excluded for the sake of consensus. Regression to the mean may have occurred after continuous surveying and when evolving results were shared with panelists. Critics of Delphi methodologies have pointed to the issue of small expert samples typically used and the subjectivity of "expert." CONCLUSION Consensus identified diagnostic criteria and symptomology that differentiates the paternal experience of peripartum depression. Experts indicated the importance of a father's social context, biological risk factors, limitations of current assessment tools, key stakeholders, and potential financial costs. Stakeholders on this issue would benefit from translating consensus into assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy J Freitas
- School of Leadership and Education Sciences, Department of Counseling and Marital and Family Therapy, University of San Diego, 4540 Kearny Villa Road Suite 210, San Diego, CA 92123, United States.
| | - Jacqueline Williams-Reade
- School of Behavioral Health, Department of Counseling and Family Sciences, Loma Linda University, United States
| | - Brian Distelberg
- School of Behavioral Health, Department of Counseling and Family Sciences, Loma Linda University, United States
| | - Curtis A Fox
- School of Behavioral Health, Department of Counseling and Family Sciences, Loma Linda University, United States
| | - Zephon Lister
- Collaborative Care Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States
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Van Assche E, Moons T, Van Leeuwen K, Colpin H, Verschueren K, Van Den Noortgate W, Goossens L, Claes S. Depressive symptoms in adolescence: The role of perceived parental support, psychological control, and proactive control in interaction with 5-HTTLPR. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 35:55-63. [PMID: 27077378 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting dimensions are associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents. We investigated the role of perceived parenting dimensions and gene-environment interactions between these perceived parenting dimensions and five well-known variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs): 5-HTTLPR, STin2, DAT1, DRD4, and MAO-A, in depressive symptoms. METHODS From a non-clinical sample of 1111 Belgian adolescents (mean age: 13.79 years, SD=.94; 51% boys), 1103 adolescents consented for genetic research. Five VNTRs were analyzed using DNA from saliva samples. Perceived parenting dimensions (i.e., support, proactive control, psychological control, punishment, and harsh punishment) were examined using self-report scales completed by adolescents and their parents. Depressive symptoms were investigated using the CES-D self-report scale. Statistical analyses were performed in R using linear regression. RESULTS Parental support, as perceived by the adolescent, was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (CES-D) and psychological control was positively associated with these symptoms. The only interaction effect withstanding correction for multiple testing was observed for 5-HTTLPR and the difference in proactive control as perceived by adolescents in comparison to parents. Short-allele carriers showed more depressive symptoms when there was a higher discrepancy in proactive control as perceived by adolescents versus parents. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that perceived parenting dimensions are associated with depressive symptoms, as measured by the CES-D. We only found modest evidence for 5-HTTLPR as a moderator in the association between the difference in perception of proactive control (adolescents vs. parents) and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Van Assche
- GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - T Moons
- GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; OPZ Geel, Dr. Sanodreef 4, Geel, Belgium
| | - K Van Leeuwen
- Department of Parenting and Special Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Colpin
- Department of School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Verschueren
- Department of School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Van Den Noortgate
- Department of Methodology of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Goossens
- Department of School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Claes
- GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The article gives an introductory overview of the use of the Delphi expert consensus method in mental health research. It explains the rationale for using the method, examines the range of uses to which it has been put in mental health research, and describes the stages of carrying out a Delphi study using examples from the literature. METHOD To ascertain the range of uses, a systematic search was carried out in PubMed. The article also examines the implications of 'wisdom of crowds' research for how to conduct Delphi studies. RESULTS The Delphi method is a systematic way of determining expert consensus that is useful for answering questions that are not amenable to experimental and epidemiological methods. The validity of the approach is supported by 'wisdom of crowds' research showing that groups can make good judgements under certain conditions. In mental health research, the Delphi method has been used for making estimations where there is incomplete evidence (e.g. What is the global prevalence of dementia?), making predictions (e.g. What types of interactions with a person who is suicidal will reduce their chance of suicide?), determining collective values (e.g. What areas of research should be given greatest priority?) and defining foundational concepts (e.g. How should we define 'relapse'?). A range of experts have been used in Delphi research, including clinicians, researchers, consumers and caregivers. CONCLUSION The Delphi method has a wide range of potential uses in mental health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Yap MBH, Fowler M, Reavley N, Jorm AF. Parenting strategies for reducing the risk of childhood depression and anxiety disorders: A Delphi consensus study. J Affect Disord 2015; 183:330-8. [PMID: 26047961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence that some modifiable parental factors are associated with childhood depression and anxiety indicates that parents can play a crucial role in the prevention of these disorders in their children. However, more effective translation of research evidence is required. METHODS This study employed the Delphi methodology to establish expert consensus on parenting strategies that are important for preventing depression or anxiety disorders in children aged 5-11 years. A literature search identified 289 recommendations for parents. These were presented to a panel of 44 international experts over three survey rounds, who rated their preventive importance. RESULTS 171 strategies were endorsed as important or essential for preventing childhood depression or anxiety disorders by ≥90% of the panel. These were written into a parenting guidelines document, with 11 subheadings: Establish and maintain a good relationship with your child, Be involved and support increasing autonomy, Encourage supportive relationships, Establish family rules and consequences, Encourage good health habits, Minimise conflict in the home, Help your child to manage emotions, Help your child to set goals and solve problems, Support your child when something is bothering them, Help your child to manage anxiety, and Encourage professional help seeking when needed. LIMITATIONS This study relied on experts from Western countries; hence the strategies identified may not be relevant for all ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS This study produced new parenting guidelines that are supported by research evidence and/or international experts, which can now be promoted in Western English-speaking communities to help parents protect their children from depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bee Hui Yap
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Bld 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michelle Fowler
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Francis Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Identifying prevention strategies for adolescents to reduce their risk of depression: A Delphi consensus study. J Affect Disord 2015; 183:229-38. [PMID: 26025369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of depression, but little is known about what adolescents can do to reduce their own level of risk. METHOD This study employed the Delphi methodology to establish expert consensus on self-help prevention strategies for adolescent depression. A literature search identified 194 recommendations for adolescents. These were presented over three questionnaire rounds to panels of 32 international research and practice experts and 49 consumer advocates, who rated the preventive importance of each recommendation and the feasibility of their implementation by adolescents. RESULTS 145 strategies were endorsed as likely to be helpful in reducing adolescents׳ risk of developing depression by ≥80% of both panels. Endorsed strategies included messages on mental fitness, personal identity, life skills, healthy relationships, healthy lifestyles, and recreation and leisure. 127 strategies were endorsed as likely to be helpful in reducing risks for depression for both junior and senior adolescents. One strategy was rated as likely to be helpful during the period of junior adolescence only, and 17 strategies were endorsed for the senior adolescent period only. Ratings of the ease of implementing the strategies during the adolescent period accorded by panellists were typically moderate. LIMITATIONS This study used experts from developed, English-speaking countries; hence the strategies identified may not be for relevant or minority cultures within these countries or for other countries. CONCLUSIONS This study produced a set of self-help preventive strategies for depression that are supported by research evidence and/or international experts, which can now be promoted in developed English-speaking communities to help adolescents reduce their risk of depression.
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Yap MBH, Jorm AF. Parental factors associated with childhood anxiety, depression, and internalizing problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2015; 175:424-40. [PMID: 25679197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a burgeoning and varied literature examining the associations between parental factors and depression or anxiety disorders in children. However, there is hitherto no systematic review of this complex literature with a focus on the 5-11 years age range, when there is a steep increase in onset of these disorders. Furthermore, to facilitate the application of the evidence in prevention, a focus on modifiable factors is required. METHODS Employing the PRISMA method, we conducted a systematic review of parental factors associated with anxiety, depression, and internalizing problems in children which parents can potentially modify. RESULTS We identified 141 articles altogether, with 53 examining anxiety, 50 examining depression, and 70 examining internalizing outcomes. Stouffer׳s method of combining p-values was used to determine whether associations between variables were reliable, and meta-analyses were conducted with a subset of eligible studies to estimate the mean effect sizes of associations between each parental factor and outcome. LIMITATIONS Limitations include sacrificing micro-level detail for a macro-level synthesis of the literature, the lack of generalizability across cultures, and the inability to conduct a meta-analysis on all included studies. CONCLUSIONS Parental factors with a sound evidence base indicating increased risk for both depression and internalizing problems include more inter-parental conflict and aversiveness; and for internalizing outcomes additionally, they include less warmth and more abusive parenting and over-involvement. No sound evidence linking any parental factor with anxiety outcomes was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bee Hui Yap
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anthony Francis Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Yap MBH, Jorm AF, Lubman DI. What are parents doing to reduce adolescent alcohol misuse? Evaluating concordance with parenting guidelines for adolescent alcohol use. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:114. [PMID: 25880926 PMCID: PMC4331448 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Parenting Guidelines for Adolescent Alcohol Use were developed to support parents in reducing adolescent alcohol misuse. The aims of this paper were to: (1) validate an online parent self-assessment survey as a criterion-referenced measure of parental factors that are important for predicting adolescent alcohol misuse; (2) examine parent web-users’ concordance with the Parenting Guidelines (extent to which their knowledge and behaviours align with Guidelines recommendations), and (3) examine the associations of parent and child characteristics with parental Guidelines concordance. Methods Participants were 489 parents who completed the online survey. The survey assessed parent and child characteristics and parental concordance with the Guidelines in nine parenting areas. Reliability of the survey measure was assessed via an estimate of the agreement coefficient for each of the nine areas. Concurrent validity was examined by exploring the correlates of parental Guidelines concordance. Results Reliability of the measure was acceptable to high in eight of the nine parenting areas. Greater parental Guidelines concordance was associated with being female, beliefs about healthy levels of drinking that align with the Australian national alcohol use guidelines, drinking within guidelines-recommended levels, the reduced likelihood of another adult in the household with a drinking problem, an older age of adolescent alcohol initiation, and greater confidence in the reported age of adolescent initiation. Conclusions This validated self-assessment parenting measure can be useful for identifying targets for parenting interventions designed to prevent or reduce adolescent alcohol misuse, and as a pre- and post-intervention assessment to assess the effects of such interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1452-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B H Yap
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hart LM, Damiano SR, Chittleborough P, Paxton SJ, Jorm AF. Parenting to prevent body dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating patterns in preschool children: a Delphi consensus study. Body Image 2014; 11:418-25. [PMID: 25084034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interventions to prevent body dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating patterns are needed in early childhood. Identifying effective parenting strategies would be useful for parents and prevention researchers. To develop expert consensus, an online Delphi study was conducted with experts (N=28, Mage=44.34) who rated statements describing potential parenting strategies gleaned from a systematic literature search. If 90-100% rated a statement as either Essential or Important, it was endorsed as a guideline. From a total of 335 statements 153 were endorsed. Despite some areas of disagreement, including whether parents should weigh their child or discourage weighing, experts were able to reach consensus on a wide range of issues, such as how to discuss healthy eating with children. The developed guidelines provide a novel and required resource for parents, and a framework for researchers developing interventions to prevent the onset of body dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating patterns in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hart
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Stephanie R Damiano
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Chittleborough
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan J Paxton
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mental disorders take a major toll, economically, socially, and psychologically, on individuals, families, and societies. Prevention provides an important and realistic opportunity to overcome this major health problem. This review outlines a conceptual framework for mental health prevention and effective strategies and programs for the prevention of mental disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Risk and protective factors for mental illness provide leverage points for prevention interventions. A life course perspective, looking at disease from conception, pregnancy, parenting, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood to aging, emphasizes the importance of targeting prevention efforts as early as possible in life. Currently available effective and realistic preventions targeting major phases of life including both universal (community) and selective high-risk approaches are noted. The Internet and its associated technologies are seen to have great potential for prevention. SUMMARY Common mental disorders are preventable, and prevention is cost-effective. Although the evidence base for the prevention of mental disorders needs to be expanded with rigorous large-scale pragmatic trials of promising effective programs, we have at our disposal strong evidence and effective tools on which to base prevention efforts. These facts need to be fully communicated to providers, policy makers, and the population at large, and acted upon.
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