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Castelin S, Jacquez F, Burlew AK, Cunningham SR. Dual Pandemics: Race-Related COVID Stress and Mental Health Outcomes in Black Individuals. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2141-2153. [PMID: 37378805 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Black individuals have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due in part to historically rooted stressors that lie at the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and racism. We used secondary data from The Association of Black Psychologists' multi-state needs assessment of 2480 Black adults to examine the link between race-related COVID stress (RRCS) and mental health outcomes. We also examined the moderating roles of everyday discrimination, cultural mistrust, Black activism, Black identity, and spirituality/religiosity in these associations. T-tests revealed that several demographic and cultural factors are associated with RRCS endorsement. A series of regression analyses showed that endorsement of RRCS is associated with higher psychological distress and lower well-being, above and beyond several sociodemographic characteristics. While traditional cultural protective factors did not buffer against the effects of RRCS on mental health, cultural mistrust strengthened the positive association between RRCS and psychological distress; nonetheless, the association of cultural mistrusts with psychological distress was only seen in those who endorsed RRCS. We provide recommendations for policymakers, clinicians, and researchers to consider the impact of RRCS when addressing Black mental health and well-being in the age of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Castelin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Farrah Jacquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Kathleen Burlew
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Rodríguez-Hidalgo AJ, Ruiz-Córdoba E, Ortega-Ruiz R, Armada-Crespo JM, Hurtado-Mellado A, Dios I. Burnout, Engagement, and Resilience During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Keys to a Model for Teachers' Self-Efficacy. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024. [PMID: 38960986 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation measures by the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted teaching work. In an "Emergency Remote Teaching" (ERT) context, it is relevant to investigate the factors that affect teachers' self-efficacy. METHODS A total of 289 teachers from schools in southern Spain have participated in this study. They have been asked about their levels of burnout, engagement, and resilience. Comparisons were made by groups in accordance with sex, type of center they belonged to, school social context, and educational level in which the teacher taught. Using a Structural Equations Model, the multivariate relationships between the variables related to burnout, engagement, and resilience were described. RESULTS During the ERT, teachers' self-efficacy was influenced by the 3 factors: burnout-exhaustion and cynicism-engagement, and resilience. During the ERT, the teachers in semi-private and private centers showed greater self-efficacy. In turn, the teachers in childhood and primary education showed a significantly higher level of work engagement than the teachers in compulsory and post-compulsory secondary education. CONCLUSIONS The results in relation to ERT are discussed in the context of the exceptionality and universal globality of the pandemic phenomenon and the complex self-perception of the social value of the teaching function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Dios
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Fong TCT, Chang K, Ho RTH, Chio FHN, Yip PSF, Wen M. Psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and situational impact: A network analysis in Hong Kong residents. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:152-160. [PMID: 38945403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had situational impacts and induced various psychological responses among residents. The present study aims to analyze the network structure of psychological responses to the pandemic and their relationships with situational impact, resilience, and well-being through a network approach. METHODS An online survey recruited 1122 residents (mean age = 32.5 years, 65.4 % female) in Hong Kong from October 2020 to October 2021. The participants completed the Mental Impact and Distress Scale: Psychological Response (MIDc-PR) and other validated measures. Gaussian graphical modeling was conducted in R to identify the central MIDc-PR symptoms and their bridge linkages with situational impact, resilience, and well-being. RESULTS In the MIDc-PR network, the central symptoms were 'Routine' and 'Images' for Anticipation and 'Tense' and 'Lonely' for Modulation, with 12 bridge edges between the two clusters. In the combined network, the MIDc-PR nodes showed 12 bridge edges with situational impact, particularly in the health domain. 'Concerned', 'Sleep', and 'Lonely' showed negative linkages with resilience; 'Unmotivated' and 'Trapped' showed negative linkages with well-being. The network models showed good levels of stability and did not differ significantly in network structure and global strength across gender and age groups. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study design only allowed undirected associations in the network and could not model the within-subject effects. CONCLUSIONS The study findings contributed to the literature by elucidating the network structure of psychological responses to the pandemic. The central and bridge symptoms have clinical implications as potential targets for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted C T Fong
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Kay Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macao, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Rainbow T H Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Social Work & Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Floria H N Chio
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul S F Yip
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
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Lenzo V, Sardella A, Musetti A, Quattropani MC, Franceschini C. Longitudinal Associations Between Resilience and Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2024; 21:189-194. [PMID: 38988681 PMCID: PMC11231725 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective Research on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has pointed out that lockdowns had small effects on the overall mental health, despite considerable heterogeneity among studies is present. Psychological resilience may be responsible for an amount of variance in individual reactions to the pandemic, despite the fact that its longitudinal associations with mental health symptoms remain unclear. This study sought to investigate changes in resilience and its relationships with depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A total of 814 participated in this longitudinal study via an online survey during the first lockdown consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic (T1) and during the third wave (T2). The Resilience Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - 21 were administered. Sociodemographic data and COVID-19 related information were also collected. Results Psychological resilience decreased during the third wave of the pandemic, whereas depression and stress increased. Moreover, psychological resilience had a direct effect only on depression during the third wave, while its effect on anxiety and stress is mediated by the mental health during the first lockdown. Conclusions The mental health symptoms worsened during the third wave, while protective factors such as resilience decreased. Individuals showing high resilience experienced lower depression, anxiety, and stress over time. Psychological intervention that enhances resilience should be embraced in the action of health care authorities to reduce the impact of pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; vittorio.lenzo@ unict.it (V.L.), (A.S.), (M.C.Q.)
| | - Alberto Sardella
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; vittorio.lenzo@ unict.it (V.L.), (A.S.), (M.C.Q.)
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy;
| | - Maria C Quattropani
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Italy; vittorio.lenzo@ unict.it (V.L.), (A.S.), (M.C.Q.)
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Zhong Q, Lei G, Wu H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xu F, Zhang Z, Xiao Q, Li X, Shi H. Practical and psychological challenges faced by Wuhan graduates after COVID-19 was controlled. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1127-1134. [PMID: 35622977 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2068958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This study seeks to understand the reality and psychological difficulties faced by university graduates in Wuhan after the COVID-19 epidemic was controlled. Methods: A total of 6,417 graduate students were surveyed through an online questionnaire from late May to early June 2020. The questionnaire asked questions on depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal behavior. In addition, self-administered epidemic-related questionnaires consisting of eight items were collected from university graduates. Results: Participants' positive detection rates for depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal behavior are 13.4%, 8.3%, 4.4%, and 12.1%, respectively. The three biggest challenges faced by graduates are future development, economic difficulties, and employment problems. Conclusion: The detectable rate of depression, anxiety, and insomnia is low, and the detectable rate of suicide symptoms should be given more attention. The biggest problem of this group is their future development, and what they want to solve the most is the economic difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao Zhong
- Center for Mental Health Education of College Students, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Guanghui Lei
- Center for Mental Health Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifen Wu
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Center for Mental Health Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Wuhan 12 Law • Shiye Art Studio, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lei LKS, Suen YN, Hui CLM, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Michael WTH, Chen EYH. Age-related differences in the impact of resilience on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6087. [PMID: 38613130 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated changes in mental health in Hong Kong over two years and examined the role of resilience and age in mitigating the negative effects of public health emergencies, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Complete data of interest from two telephone surveys conducted in 2020 (n = 1182) and 2021 (n = 1108) were analysed. Participants self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire 4-item version (PHQ), psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) using three items from the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief (PQB), and resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 2-item version (CD-RISC-2). RESULTS We observed an increase in the percentage of participants with high depressive and anxiety symptoms and PLEs from 1.6% to 6.5% between 2020 and 2021. The likelihood of having high depressive and anxiety symptoms or PLEs depended on resilience and age, with no significant between-year differences. Resilience and age interaction effects were significant when comparing the high PHQ-high PQB group to the low PHQ-low PQB group only in 2021 but not in 2020. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Hong Kong, emphasising the age-dependent nature of resilience in mitigating negative effects. Future research should explore the mechanisms by which resilience promotes mental health and well-being and identify ways to enhance resilience among older individuals during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ka Shun Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christy Lai Ming Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin Ho Ming Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wong Tak Hing Michael
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Shen C, Smith RB, Heller J, Spiers ADV, Thompson R, Ward H, Roiser JP, Nicholls D, Toledano MB. Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to the Use of Digital Technologies: Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e45114. [PMID: 38324379 PMCID: PMC10882466 DOI: 10.2196/45114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are susceptible to mental illness and have experienced substantial disruption owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. The digital environment is increasingly important in the context of a pandemic when in-person social connection is restricted. OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate whether depression and anxiety had worsened compared with the prepandemic period and examine potential associations with sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral factors, particularly digital behaviors. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a large, representative Greater London adolescent cohort study: the Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP). Participants completed surveys at T1 between November 2016 and July 2018 (N=4978; aged 13 to 15 years) and at T2 between July 2020 and June 2021 (N=1328; aged 16 to 18 years). Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. Information on the duration of total mobile phone use, social network site use, and video gaming was also collected using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of sociodemographic characteristics, digital technology use, and sleep duration with clinically significant depression and anxiety. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents who had clinical depression and anxiety significantly increased at T2 (depression: 140/421, 33.3%; anxiety: 125/425, 29.4%) compared with the proportion of adolescents at T1 (depression: 57/421, 13.5%; anxiety: 58/425, 13.6%; P for 2-proportion z test <.001 for both depression and anxiety). Depression and anxiety levels were similar between the summer holiday, school opening, and school closures. Female participants had higher odds of new incident depression (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.18) and anxiety (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.23-3.61) at T2. A high level of total mobile phone use at T1 was associated with developing depression at T2 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02-3.49). Social network site use was associated with depression and anxiety cross-sectionally at T1 and T2 but did not appear to be associated with developing depression or anxiety longitudinally. Insufficient sleep at T1 was associated with developing depression at T2 (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.31-3.91). CONCLUSIONS The mental health of this large sample of adolescents from London deteriorated during the pandemic without noticeable variations relating to public health measures. The deterioration was exacerbated in girls, those with preexisting high total mobile phone use, and those with preexisting disrupted sleep. Our findings suggest the necessity for allocating resources to address these modifiable factors and target high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel B Smith
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Heller
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D V Spiers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon Thompson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Ward
- Patient Experience Research Centre, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Katz C, Jacobson M, Priolo Filho SR, Goldfarb D, Liu J, Zibetti MR, Varela N, Attrash Najjar A, Bérubé A, Collin-Vézina D, Maguire-Jack K, Massarweh N, Munir A, Tiwari A, Wekerle C. Examining resilience among child protection professionals during COVID-19: A global comparison across 57 countries. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:106659. [PMID: 38326165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous challenges for child protection professionals (CPPs). However, limited research has investigated the interwoven concepts of coping, resilience, and mental distress among CPPs during COVID-19 on a global scale. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore CPPs' practice, resilience, and mental distress during COVID-19, the relationship between their resilience and mental distress, the global stability of the Multi-System Model of Resilience (MSMR), and how CPPs' resilience varied according to the Human Development Index (HDI). METHODS Data were collected from 420 CPPs in 57 countries across five continents between July and September 2021. Participants completed an online questionnaire on demographics, resilience, mental distress, coping, and perceptions of child protection during the pandemic in their native languages. The analyses compared the countries grouped according to HDI using means comparisons, correlations, and multiple linear regressions. A two-path analysis was also performed to identify variables associated with behavioral resilience engagement and mental distress. RESULTS The findings indicated that CPPs' perceptions of COVID-19's impact on child maltreatment varied in correlation with their country's HDI. There were also significant HDI-based differences regarding the perceived opportunity to engage in resilient behavior and its helpfulness. Years of professional experience, internal resilience, and external resilience were shown to be significant predictors of mental distress among CPPs during the pandemic, and resilience mediated how years of experience predicted mental distress. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasized the importance of experience and internal resilience for CPPs' psychological well-being. It also provides empirical evidence to support the MSMR theory on a global scale. Additionally, it demonstrates how the perceived changes in child maltreatment during COVID-19 may be associated with regional HDI. Lastly, the opportunities CPPs had to engage in resilient behavior and how much this helped them was associated with regional HDI, but not in the way originally predicted. Study results also hold implications for how practice and policy may be altered to help CPPs cope better during times of crisis and generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Katz
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Ma'ayan Jacobson
- Haruv Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Sidnei R Priolo Filho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Prevenção e Intervenção em Psicologia Forense, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | | | - Jenny Liu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.
| | | | | | - Afnan Attrash Najjar
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Annie Bérubé
- The Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada.
| | - Delphine Collin-Vézina
- The Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Suite 106, Wilson Hall, 3506 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Maguire-Jack
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | - Akhtar Munir
- Department of Social Work, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
| | - Ashwini Tiwari
- Augusta University, CJ2300 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912; USA.
| | - Christine Wekerle
- The Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. - MIP 201A, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Bhandari N, Gupta S. Trends in Mental Wellbeing of US Children, 2019-2022: Erosion of Mental Health Continued in 2022. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:132. [PMID: 38397623 PMCID: PMC10887976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
We provide fresh estimates of a change in the nationwide prevalence of mental health symptoms among US children during the COVID-19 pandemic using National Health Interview Survey data (2019-22) on children aged 2-17 years (n = 27,378; age subgroups 2-5, 6-11, and 12-17) to assess overall mental distress and 19 specific outcomes related to developmental, communicative, cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. Raw and adjusted (for socio-demographics) linear regressions estimated the change in prevalence for each outcome between 2019 (baseline year) and three succeeding years (2020-2022). Summary scores for mental distress rose between 2019 and 2020 (1.01 to 1.18 points, range of 0-15), declined slightly in 2021 (1.09), and climbed sharply again in 2022 (1.25). The declines primarily affected adolescents (1.11 at baseline, 1.24 in 2020, 1.30 in 2021, and 1.49 in 2022). Specific outcomes belonging to all domains of mental health showed similar increases in prevalence. US children suffered significant erosion of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic that continued into 2022. Expansion of mental health programs aimed at school-going children will likely be needed to respond effectively to the ongoing crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Bhandari
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Shivani Gupta
- Department of Health Administration, College of Business, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, USA;
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Onur Ç, Karaaziz M. Resilience of University Students During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Results of a Pilot Positive Psychotherapy Intervention Study. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2024; 25:30-39. [PMID: 38799490 PMCID: PMC11117071 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.231292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective University students were significantly affected by the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic, with significant impacts on their mental health, resilience skills, and life skills. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate these parameters by focusing on the experiences of 472 university students as well as examining correlations between mental states, resilience, and life skills. The secondary aim was to conduct a pilot study of a 10-week psychoeducation program that uses positive psychotherapy to improve resilience skills. Methods The first phase of this research project was designed as a quantitative and correlative study, while the second phase was designed as a quasi-experimental model. Data collection tools used in the first phase included the Sociodemographic Information Form, Life Skills Scale (LSS), Symptom Checklist (SCL90R), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) was used in the second phase. The sample group for the first phase was 472 university students from several university institutes in Cyprus, while the quasi-experimental group consisted of 33 psychology students from the University of Cyprus. Results The average mental symptoms score for students based on SCL90R was 1.10 ± 0.70, showing they have psychological symptoms and grievances. Significant negative correlations were found between the BRS general score and the LSS general and SCL90R scores (all P = .001). The model was found to be significant and could explain 18.5% of the effect according to the predictive status of LSS and SCL90R scores in BRS scores. Conclusion In conclusion, this study provides vital insights into the mental well-being of university students during the pandemic. The findings reveal a concerning prevalence of psychological symptoms and distress among students, indicating a significant impact of the COVID-19 crisis on their mental health. This research also demonstrated the effectiveness of targeted interventions. The positive changes in resilience skills and reduced mental health symptoms observed after the 10-week study period highlight the importance of proactive approaches. This study underscores the urgent need for accessible mental health resources and tailored support mechanisms for university students, especially during times of crisis. Addressing these issues is crucial for fostering a resilient and mentally healthy student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çise Onur
- Department of Psychology, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Meryem Karaaziz
- Department of Psychology, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Parpottas P, Vogazianos P, Pezirkianidis C. Attachment, Resilience and Life Satisfaction of University Students in Cyprus after the Fourth Wave of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:22. [PMID: 38248487 PMCID: PMC10815057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to a large-scale crisis that has also impacted the well-being and, more specifically, the life satisfaction of university students. Factors such as attachment dimensions and psychological resilience can provide us with a better understanding of students' life satisfaction levels during the recent pandemic. While previous literature has revealed a significant association between attachment dimensions, resilience, and life satisfaction, very few studies have attempted to address a more complex relationship among all three variables for university students, and even fewer have explored this topic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of attachment dimensions on university students' life satisfaction after the fourth wave of COVID-19 in Cyprus, with a focus on the mediating role of psychological resilience. The sample comprised 780 university students, consisting of 323 men and 457 women, aged between 18 and 61 years. Participants were recruited electronically, and after being directed to Google Forms, they completed the ECR-R for their attachment dimensions, the RES for psychological resilience, and the SWLS for life satisfaction. The results indicated significant correlations between attachment dimensions, psychological resilience, and life satisfaction. Notably, psychological resilience was found to partially mediate the relationship between attachment anxiety, as well as attachment avoidance, and life satisfaction. Specifically, attachment anxiety and avoidance negatively affected life satisfaction, partially due to lower levels of psychological resilience. These findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature, and implications for practice are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Parpottas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Humanities, Social and Education Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | - Paris Vogazianos
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Humanities, Social and Education Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | - Christos Pezirkianidis
- Laboratory of Positive Psychology, Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 17671 Athens, Greece;
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12
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Zhang X, Brown AM, Rhubart DC. Can Resilience Buffer the Effects of Loneliness on Mental Distress Among Working-Age Adults in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Latent Moderated Structural Modeling Analysis. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:790-800. [PMID: 36631701 PMCID: PMC9838440 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The profound health consequences of loneliness are well-established. However, less is known about the protective factors which may alleviate the effects of loneliness on mental health especially among working-age adults amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on the social ecology of resilience and examine whether resilience factors can buffer the effects of loneliness on mental distress. METHODS Data came from the National Well-being Survey-a national study of a demographically representative sample of U.S. working-age adults (N = 4014). We used (a) structural equation models with latent variables to examine the main effects of loneliness, psychological resilience, and perceived social support on mental distress, and (b) latent moderated structural equations to estimate the latent interaction effects. RESULTS Results revealed that (a) loneliness was positively associated with mental distress and psychological resilience was negatively related to mental distress, and (b) psychological resilience and perceived social support moderated the strength of the relationship between loneliness and mental distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of psychological resilience and perceived social support as two protective factors in the relationship between loneliness and mental distress. Given that loneliness significantly predicts worse mental and physical health and higher mortality, identifying protective factors that might disrupt these connections is vital. As such, public health efforts to strengthen and expand familial and community social support networks and foster psychological resilience are urgently needed to support mental health among working-age adults during additional waves of the pandemic or future similar stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA.
| | - Austin McNeill Brown
- Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Danielle C Rhubart
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
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13
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Blázquez M, Sánchez-Mangas R. General and COVID19-specific emotional stress: Religious practice as a potential coping strategy. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 51:101284. [PMID: 37531911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Using Spanish microdata from the Survey on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic conducted in February 2021 by the Centre for Sociological Research (CIS), this paper aims at identifying individual factors associated with an increased risk of mental or emotional distress arising from two different sources: a general pattern of depression or anxiety and distress specifically associated with the pandemic as measured by fears and worries about one's own or others' lives and job and income insecurity due to the COVID-19 health crisis. We explore gender differences in both types of mental distress as well as the role of individual religiosity, measured as religious beliefs and behaviours, as a potential coping strategy. In both general and COVID-specific mental distress, our results provide evidence of gender differences in the risk of suffering these conditions, with a higher incidence among women. We also find that religious beliefs and practice seem to have served as a coping strategy that has allowed females to narrow the gender gap, particularly for practising Catholics. The evidence is stronger for mental distress associated with anxiety or depression. However, it is still present, albeit to a lesser extent, for suffering caused by pandemic-related mental stressors. Our results suggest that religious practices and beliefs might play a key role in alleviating additional distress symptoms caused by emergency situations such as those suffered during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Blázquez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Teoría Económica e Historia Económica, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Campus de Cantoblanco, Ctra. de Colmenar, km.15, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Sánchez-Mangas
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Economía Cuantitativa, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Campus de Cantoblanco, Ctra. de Colmenar, km.15, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Alessi J, Jaeger EH, de Oliveira GB, Erthal IN, Teixeira JB, Scherer GDLG, de Carvalho TR, Schaan BD, Telo GH. Adjusting to the "new normal": How were mental health and self-care affected in patients with diabetes mellitus 1 year into the COVID-19 crisis? A longitudinal study. J Health Psychol 2023; 28:1293-1306. [PMID: 37086022 PMCID: PMC10125895 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231164496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the long-term effect of the pandemic on mental health and self-care parameters in patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. After 18 months of pandemic, 118 participants remained in the study (mean age of 56.6 ± 13.4 years, 66.7% were women). We observed no change in the scores for mental health disorders screening. Regarding self-care, patients with type 1 diabetes showed an improvement in the adherence score compared to those found at the beginning of the pandemic (variation + 3.5 (-6.0 to +15.8) points, p = 0.02), and also compared to those with type 2 diabetes. Although the pandemic have negatively affected many people's mental health, especially in those with chronic diseases, our results show that patients with diabetes may have developed good coping and adaptive strategies to maintain diabetes control and symptom pattern of mental health disorders over the course of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Alessi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,
Brazil
| | - Gabriela H Telo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Yao K, Chen P, Zhou H, Ruan J, Chen D, Yang X, Zhou Y. The effect of childhood trauma on suicide risk: the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:865. [PMID: 37990217 PMCID: PMC10664623 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years. A large number of studies have found that mental disorder in adulthood is closely related to childhood trauma, and the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk is influenced by resilience and mental distress. This study aimed to explore the effects of childhood trauma on suicide risk among young people and the potential roles of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma on suicide risk. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 742 young adults who were in graduate school stage from multiple provinces and cities in China. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-Short Form), Connor-Davison Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were used to measure young adults' childhood trauma, resilience and suicide risk, respectively. 9-items Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 7-items self-report Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used together to measure mental distress. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the initial relationships among the main variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk. RESULTS The structural equation modeling produced goodness of fit indices (χ2 /df = 3.668, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.060, NFI = 0.959, CFI = 0.969, GFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.955). Childhood trauma significantly predicted suicide risk (β = 0.232, p < 0.001) and mental distress (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), which had negative effect on resilience (β = -0.233, p < 0.001). Resilience negatively affected mental distress (β = -0.483, p < 0.001) and suicide risk (β = -0.142, p = 0.001), while mental distress positively associated with suicide risk (β = 0.219, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The current study revealed that resilience and mental distress played chain-mediating roles in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk. This suggests that we should view the suicide risk of graduate students from a comprehensive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Yao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyi Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Ruan
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Student Affairs Office, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - You Zhou
- Student Affairs Office, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Guardino CM, Whittaker F, Williams EA, Franchini M. Resilience resources, coping, and health outcomes in college students during the Covid-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37988057 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2269446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Resilience resources are predispositions that promote individuals' abilities to cope with stress. Objective: The current cross-sectional study used path analysis with parallel multiple mediators to test whether coping behaviors mediated associations between resilience resources and somatic, depression, and anxiety symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Undergraduates at a small Northeastern college (n = 193) completed online surveys assessing resilience resources, coping, and symptoms. Results: Results support significant indirect effects from resilience resources to somatic symptoms through positive reinterpretation and growth, mental disengagement, and substance use. Total indirect effects for depressive symptoms were driven by mental disengagement and substance use, with a direct effect of resilience resources. The effect of resilience resources on anxiety symptoms was mediated by mental disengagement, and there was a direct effect of resilience resources. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that some coping strategies link resilience resources to better outcomes, potentially informing interventions for adaptive coping during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freya Whittaker
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eleanor A Williams
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meredith Franchini
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Quattropani MC, Barbosa MLL, Lenzo V, Hope K, Toffle ME, Gafforelli LG, Sardella A, Islam-Zwart K. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of resilience: cross cultural differences between Brazil, Italy, and the United States. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2278. [PMID: 37978480 PMCID: PMC10657012 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restrictive measures consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant psychological impact on everyday life in the general population, even though differences between countries remain poorly investigated. The present study sought to examine the different psychological impacts and resilience of the pandemic among three of the most heavily hit countries: Brazil, Italy, and the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study separately involved three national community populations, namely the Brazilian, the Italian, and the American population. Participants aged 18 years or older were recruited through a shared online survey. Participants self-completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D); post-traumatic stress was additionally assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Three separate Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA) were performed in order to investigate differences in the levels of resilience, post-traumatic stress, and depression among the three populations. RESULTS The study included in total 734 participants (mean age = 27.60 ± 11.69 years; 77% of females). Results of ANCOVA comparisons showed significant differences between the three groups in the variable measuring resilience, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and depression. As for resilience, results of post-hoc tests showed significant differences between the groups from Brazil and Italy and between the groups from Brazil and USA. As for the post-traumatic stress symptoms, results showed significant differences between the USA and Brazil groups and between the USA and Italy groups. As for the depression symptoms, results showed significant differences between the USA and Brazil groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings may help to increase understanding of the psychological impact of COVID-19 in Brazil, Italy, and the USA. Interventions to prevent mental disorders among general populations should take into account these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Quattropani
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Via Biblioteca 4, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Via Biblioteca 4, 95124, Catania, Italy.
| | - Keely Hope
- School of Psychology, Professor, Eastern Washington University, 135 Martin Hall, Cheney, WA, 99004, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Toffle
- Department of Political and Juridical Sciences, University of Messina, Piazza XX Settembre, 4, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Consolare Valeria St, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Kayleen Islam-Zwart
- School of Psychology, Professor, Eastern Washington University, 135 Martin Hall, Cheney, WA, 99004, USA
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18
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Phillips AZ, Carnethon MR, Bonham M, Lovett RM, Wolf MS. Hazardous drinking by older adults with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a Chicago-based cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:3508-3519. [PMID: 37403969 PMCID: PMC10766865 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how older adults with chronic conditions, who have greater risk of alcohol-related adverse outcomes, used alcohol throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We assess changes in hazardous drinking prevalence May 2020-December 2021 and factors associated with hazardous drinking. METHODS Data are from structured phone interviews of older adults (age 60+) with chronic conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary disease, heart disease) in a Chicago-based longitudinal cohort (Chicago COVID-19 Comorbidities survey, Waves 3-7, n = 247). We tested differences in the prevalence of hazardous drinking (defined as AUDIT-C score of 3+ for women and 4+ for men) across waves for the full sample, by demographic group (sex, race, and ethnicity), and by chronic condition burden (<3 conditions, 3+ conditions). Generalized estimating equations investigated associations of hazardous drinking with sociodemographic and pandemic coping-related factors (stress, loneliness, outside contacts, depression, anxiety). RESULTS Participants were 66.8% female; 27.9% non-Hispanic Black, 14.2% Hispanic, 4.9% other race. Hazardous drinking was reported by 44.9% of participants in May 2020, but declined to 23.1% by July-August 2020 and continued to slowly decline to 19.4% by September-December 2021. Differences from May 2020 were significant at the 0.05 level. Subgroups followed similar trajectories. Hazardous drinking prevalence was initially higher but declined more among men than women, consistently higher among non-Hispanic White respondents than among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black respondents, and declined more rapidly among adults with 3+ chronic conditions. In adjusted models, race and ethnicity were associated with lower prevalence of hazardous drinking (non-Hispanic Black: adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33, 0.74; other race: aPR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.81, compared with non-Hispanic White). No coping-related factors were significantly associated with hazardous drinking. CONCLUSION Among a cohort of older adults with chronic conditions, almost half engaged in hazardous drinking in early summer of the COVID-19 pandemic. While prevalence fell, these rates reinforce the need for alcohol screening and intervention in clinical settings among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryn Z. Phillips
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD
| | - Mercedes R. Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Morgan Bonham
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Rebecca M. Lovett
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael S. Wolf
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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19
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Bögemann SA, Puhlmann LMC, Wackerhagen C, Zerban M, Riepenhausen A, Köber G, Yuen KSL, Pooseh S, Marciniak MA, Reppmann Z, Uściƚko A, Weermeijer J, Lenferink DB, Mituniewicz J, Robak N, Donner NC, Mestdagh M, Verdonck S, van Dick R, Kleim B, Lieb K, van Leeuwen JMC, Kobylińska D, Myin-Germeys I, Walter H, Tüscher O, Hermans EJ, Veer IM, Kalisch R. Psychological Resilience Factors and Their Association With Weekly Stressor Reactivity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Europe: Prospective Longitudinal Study. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e46518. [PMID: 37847551 PMCID: PMC10618882 DOI: 10.2196/46518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional relationships between psychosocial resilience factors (RFs) and resilience, operationalized as the outcome of low mental health reactivity to stressor exposure (low "stressor reactivity" [SR]), were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. OBJECTIVE Extending these findings, we here examined prospective relationships and weekly dynamics between the same RFs and SR in a longitudinal sample during the aftermath of the first wave in several European countries. METHODS Over 5 weeks of app-based assessments, participants reported weekly stressor exposure, mental health problems, RFs, and demographic data in 1 of 6 different languages. As (partly) preregistered, hypotheses were tested cross-sectionally at baseline (N=558), and longitudinally (n=200), using mixed effects models and mediation analyses. RESULTS RFs at baseline, including positive appraisal style (PAS), optimism (OPT), general self-efficacy (GSE), perceived good stress recovery (REC), and perceived social support (PSS), were negatively associated with SR scores, not only cross-sectionally (baseline SR scores; all P<.001) but also prospectively (average SR scores across subsequent weeks; positive appraisal (PA), P=.008; OPT, P<.001; GSE, P=.01; REC, P<.001; and PSS, P=.002). In both associations, PAS mediated the effects of PSS on SR (cross-sectionally: 95% CI -0.064 to -0.013; prospectively: 95% CI -0.074 to -0.0008). In the analyses of weekly RF-SR dynamics, the RFs PA of stressors generally and specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and GSE were negatively associated with SR in a contemporaneous fashion (PA, P<.001; PAC,P=.03; and GSE, P<.001), but not in a lagged fashion (PA, P=.36; PAC, P=.52; and GSE, P=.06). CONCLUSIONS We identified psychological RFs that prospectively predict resilience and cofluctuate with weekly SR within individuals. These prospective results endorse that the previously reported RF-SR associations do not exclusively reflect mood congruency or other temporal bias effects. We further confirm the important role of PA in resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Bögemann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lara M C Puhlmann
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolin Wackerhagen
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Zerban
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antje Riepenhausen
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Faculty of Philosophy, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Göran Köber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kenneth S L Yuen
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shakoor Pooseh
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta A Marciniak
- Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zala Reppmann
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jeroen Weermeijer
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dionne B Lenferink
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Natalia Robak
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nina C Donner
- Concentris Research Management GmbH, Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Merijn Mestdagh
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verdonck
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rolf van Dick
- Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Judith M C van Leeuwen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henrik Walter
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Faculty of Philosophy, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Erno J Hermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Fernández-Abascal EG, Martín-Díaz MD. One Year of COVID-19 in Spain, Longitudinal Study on Mental and Physical Health. Behav Med 2023; 49:331-343. [PMID: 35435137 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2064415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this longitudinal study carried out with the same participants, with two repeated measurements, the first taken in March 2020 (M1) and the second measurement in March 2021 (M2), is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout one year on the levels of Affect, Psychological Well-being, Depression and Mental and Physical Health, as well as to learn about the evolution of those levels from M1 to M2. Comparison of the mean scores of the variables analyzed between the two measurements (M1 and M2) show significant differences in the following scales: Positive Affect (PANAS), with lower scores at M2; Total Depression (BDI-II) and the two Cognitive-Affective and Somatic-Motivational factors, with higher scores at M2; the physical and mental health scales (SF-36) of Physical Functioning, Role Physical, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional, and Mental Health, and the two Physical and Mental Health components, with lower scores at M2 in all of them; and the Purpose in Life (PWB) scale, with a lower score at M2. We can conclude that the one-year pandemic situation has affected all the variables analyzed in this work, showing a decrease in positive affect, an increase in the score of the depression inventory, worse physical and mental health, and less psychological well-being. Throughout the pandemic year, the results show that age has a moderation effect on the Somatic-Motivational factor and on the Total Depression, Physical Functioning, Vitality, and Role Emotional scales. Gender shows no moderation effect on any of the four variables analyzed.
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Amiel Castro RT, Schaal NK, Meyerhoff H, Preis H, Mahaffey B, Lobel M, La Marca-Ghaemmaghami P. Investigating Factors Influencing Prenatal Stress, Anxiety, and Fear of Childbirth During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany and Switzerland: An Online Survey. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:1864-1875. [PMID: 37470899 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pregnant women are likely to experience high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the factors that might influence the extent of experienced emotional distress are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate potential correlates of prenatal emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In total, N = 1437 pregnant women from Germany and Switzerland participated in an online study during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May-August 2020). The survey assessed prenatal distress, pandemic-related pregnancy stress, general anxiety, fear of childbirth, and several socio-demographic, pregnancy- and COVID-19-related factors. Linear multivariate regression models were the main analytical strategy. RESULTS The results highlight that several factors such as full-time employment, nulliparity, high-risk pregnancy, emotional problems, cancelled prenatal appointments, and stating that COVID-19 affected the choice of birth mode were significantly associated with elevated prenatal distress, anxiety, pandemic-related pregnancy stress, and fear of childbirth. Conversely, access to an outdoor space was a protective factor for pandemic-related pregnancy stress and prenatal distress. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Overall, the study highlights significant correlates influencing the levels of emotional distress pregnant women experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings may contribute to the improvement of maternal prenatal medical and psychological care during a public health crisis of international concern, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita T Amiel Castro
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora K Schaal
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Meyerhoff
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Preis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Brittain Mahaffey
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Marci Lobel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pearl La Marca-Ghaemmaghami
- Psychology Counselling and Research Institute for Sexuality, Marriage and the Family, International Academy for Human Sciences and Culture, Staadweg 3, P.O. Box 57, 8880, Walenstadt, Switzerland.
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Paleari FG, Ertan I, Cavagnis L, Donato S. Family Resilience and Dyadic Coping during the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Their Protective Role in Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6719. [PMID: 37754580 PMCID: PMC10530876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has dramatically worsened people's psychological well-being. Our aim was to examine for the first time the concurrent and longitudinal relations of family resilience with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, and the moderating role of socio-demographics. For people having a romantic partner, we also explored whether family resilience and dyadic coping were uniquely related to well-being. One cross-sectional study (N = 325) and one 10-week follow-up study (N = 112) were carried out during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020) in Northern Italy. Adult participants completed an online questionnaire in both studies. Correlation, multivariate regression, and moderation analyses were carried out with IBM SPSS version 28 and its PROCESS macro. Significance of differences in correlation and regression coefficients was tested through Steiger's procedure, Wald test, and SUEST method. Family resilience was found to relate more strongly to eudaimonic (versus hedonic) well-being concurrently and to hedonic (versus eudaimonic) well-being longitudinally. The concurrent or longitudinal relations with hedonic well-being were generally stronger for females, part-time workers, and people undergoing multiple stressors. For people having a romantic partner, family resilience was concurrently associated with well-being independently of dyadic coping, whereas dyadic coping was longitudinally related to well-being independently of family resilience. Family resilience was found to protect, in the short term, the psychological well-being of people facing the pandemic outbreak. Its protective role mainly concerned hedonic well-being and was more pronounced for more vulnerable people. For persons having a romantic partner, however, dyadic coping seemed to have equal, if not greater, positive short-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giorgia Paleari
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (I.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Irem Ertan
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (I.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucrezia Cavagnis
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (I.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Silvia Donato
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
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Atkins K, Cooney EE, Park S, Closser S, Surkan PJ, Marker HC, Schneider-Firestone S, Kalb LG, Thrul J, Veenema TG. Day to Day and Environmental Risk Factors for Psychological Distress Among Healthcare Workers: A Mixed Methods Analysis. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e593-e603. [PMID: 37367694 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite a growing literature on mental health among clinical staff during COVID-19, factors shaping distress for nonclinical staff are understudied and may be driven by inequalities at work. We aimed to discuss the role of workplace factors in shaping psychological distress for a diverse group of clinical, nonclinical, and other health and hospital workers (HHWs). METHODS This convergent parallel mixed-methods study with HHWs in a US hospital system included an online survey ( n = 1127) and interviews ( n = 73) collected from August 2020 to January 2021. We thematically analyzed interviews; findings informed log binomial regression estimating risk factors for severe psychological distress (Patient Health Questionnaire - 4 item version [PHQ-4] scores of 9 or greater). RESULTS Qualitatively, day-to-day stressors fostered fear and anxiety, and concerns about work environments manifest as betrayal and frustration with leadership. Distress was associated with burnout, financial concerns, and feeling betrayed or unsupported by the institution and leadership. Staff in service versus clinical roles had higher risk for severe distress (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-2.66); HHWs receiving workplace mental health support had lower risk (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.92. CONCLUSIONS Our mixed-methods study underscores how the pandemic brought inequalities to the surface to increase distress for vulnerable HHWs. Workplace mental health activities can support HHWs now and during future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Atkins
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (K.A.); Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (K.A., E.E.C., S.P., S.C., P.J.S., H.C.M.); Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland (S.S.-F.); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (L.G.K., J.T.); Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland (L.G.K.); Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (T.G.V.); and Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (T.G.V.)
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Gray J, Santos-Lozada AR, Hard G, Apsley H, O’Sullivan D, Jones AA. Serious Psychological Distress, Substance Use Disorders, and Social Issues Among Men and Women in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:933-939. [PMID: 37401052 PMCID: PMC10333561 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231188187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assesses the association between SUD, economic hardship, gender, and related risk and protective factors on serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Quantitative cross-sectional design. SETTING National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). SAMPLE Data were from the NSDUH (2020) N = 25,746, representing 238,677,123 US adults, who identified as 18 or older and either male or female. MEASURES SPD measured as scoring a 13 or more on the Kessler (K6) distress scale. SUDs were determined using DSM5 criteria. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables included in analyses. ANALYSIS Logistic regressions evaluated the association between gender, protective, and risk factors on SPD. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic and related factors of SPD, having a SUD was the strongest correlate of SPD. Other significant correlates of SPD included female gender and an income level at or below the federal poverty threshold. Gender stratified regressions illustrated that religiosity, self-identifying as Black, and high levels of education were protective against SPD for women but not men. Poverty level was more associated with SPD for women than men. CONCLUSION In the United States, individuals with SUDs were nearly four times more likely to report SPD than those without SUDs, controlling for economic hardship and markers of social support during 2020. Effective social interventions to reduce SPD among individuals with SUDs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Gray
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education College of Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexis R. Santos-Lozada
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Greg Hard
- Simches Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Apsley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Deirdre O’Sullivan
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education College of Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Consortium on Substance Use and Addiction, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Abenaa A. Jones
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Consortium on Substance Use and Addiction, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Spiller TR, Na PJ, Merians AN, Duek O, Ben-Zion Z, Tsai J, von Känel R, Harpaz-Rotem I, Pietrzak RH. Changes in mental health among U.S. military veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:352-359. [PMID: 37595331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Increases of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression have been observed among individuals exposed to potentially traumatic events in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, associations among different aspects of mental health, such as symptoms of PTSD and suicidal ideation, have also been documented. However, studies including an assessment prior to the onset and during the height of the pandemic are lacking. We investigated changes in symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and posttraumatic growth in a population-based sample of 1232 U.S. military veterans who experienced a potentially traumatic event during the first year of the pandemic. Symptoms were assessed prior to (fall/winter 2019) and one year into the pandemic (fall/winter 2020). We compared changes in symptom interrelations using network analysis, and assessed their associations with pandemic-related PTSD and posttraumatic growth symptoms. A subtle increase in psychopathological symptoms and a decrease in posttraumatic growth was observed one year into the pandemic. The peripandemic network was more densely connected, and pandemic-related PTSD symptoms were positively associated with age, anxiety, worst-event PTSD symptoms, and pandemic-related posttraumatic growth. Our findings highlight the resilience of veterans exposed to a potentially traumatic event during the first year of a pandemic. Similarly, the networks did not fundamentally change from prepandemic to one year into the pandemic. Despite this relative stability on a group level, individual reactions to potentially traumatic events could have varied substantially. Clinicians should individualize their assessments but be aware of the general resilience of most veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R Spiller
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter J Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Addie N Merians
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Or Duek
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ziv Ben-Zion
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jack Tsai
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Tampa, FL, USA; School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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26
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Eren N, Zararsız Y, Medetalibeyoğlu A, Polat I. Relationship between Psychological Resilience, Perceived Stress, Death Anxiety and Progression of Disease in Individuals with COVID-19. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2023; 60:245-251. [PMID: 37645087 PMCID: PMC10461767 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the association between perceived stress, death anxiety, psychological resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods 304 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis, who were admitted to İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine Hospital "COVID-19 Patients Monitoring Center" were recruited. No sample selection was made, all the patients who were followed up and treated in the center were included. Data was collected by the researchers through face-to-face interviews using the Sociodemographic Information and Disease Progression Form, Psychological Hardiness Scale (PHS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS). Results Women scored higher in PSS and TDAS. Participants with chronic diseases reported higher death anxiety whereas perceived stress was higher in individuals with psychiatric disorders and ones without a history of intensive care unit stay. Participants without psychiatric disorders, who had longer hospitalization and who fully recovered scored higher in PHS-Control. Patients' report of negative attitudes from their relatives/friends was associated with lower scores in PHS. Perceived stress was correlated with death anxiety and psychological resilience. Conclusion Being female, comorbid physical and mental illnesses, continuation of disease symptoms and low psychological resilience were found to be risk factors in terms of stress and death anxiety in COVID-19 patients. These vulnerable groups need to be closely evaluated with a bio-psychosocial approach and provided psychological support during the course of the disease. Health institutions are recommended to conduct medical treatment in cooperation with psychological care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Eren
- Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Zararsız
- Department of Internal Diseases, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, İstanbul Health and Social Sciences Vocational School, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu
- Department of Internal Diseases, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Irmak Polat
- Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Li Y, Xie P, He L, Fu X, Ding X, Jobe MC, Ahmed MZ. The effect of perceived stress for work engagement in volunteers during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of psychological resilience and age differences. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15704. [PMID: 37483959 PMCID: PMC10358337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Volunteers played an important role throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the characteristics of perceived stress, psychological resilience and work engagement among 910 Chinese volunteers of different ages in the first month of pandemic in Gansu province, China. The present study tested the correlations between perceived stress and work engagement, the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship and the differences among age groups. The results of this study showed that work engagement and psychological resilience increased with the age of the volunteers. Work engagement and resilience levels were higher in middle adulthood than in early adulthood. As predicted, perceived stress negatively predicted work engagement. A mediation analysis showed that psychological resilience partially explained the correlations between perceived stress and work engagement. Specifically, the mediating effect of psychological resilience in early adulthood was significant, but not in middle adulthood. Overall, this study demonstrates that work engagement increased with age and was negatively predicted by perceived stress, showing these factors were important for volunteers' work during COVID-19. Further, for those in early adulthood, psychological resilience mediated this relationship-highlighting another age difference among volunteers during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Li
- School of Psychology, The Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
- Longnan Teachers College, Chengxian, China
| | - Pei Xie
- School of Psychology, The Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang He
- School of Psychology, The Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- School of Psychology, The Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Ding
- School of Psychology, The Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mary C. Jobe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Md Zahir Ahmed
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Janitra FE, Jen HJ, Chu H, Chen R, Pien LC, Liu D, Lai YJ, Banda KJ, Lee TY, Lin HC, Chang CY, Chou KR. Global prevalence of low resilience among the general population and health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:29-46. [PMID: 37004902 PMCID: PMC10063525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective To estimate the global prevalence of low resilience among the general population and health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Embase, Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, WHO COVID-19 databases, and grey literature were searched for studies from January 1, 2020, to August 22, 2022. Hoy's assessment tool was used to assess for risk of bias. Meta-analysis and moderator analysis was performed using the Generalized Linear Mixed Model with a corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) adopting the random-effect model in R software. Between-study heterogeneity was measured using I2 and τ2 statistics. Results Overall, 44 studies involving 51,119 participants were identified. The pooled prevalence of low resilience was 27.0 % (95 % CI: 21.0 %–33.0 %) with prevalence among the general population being 35.0 % (95 % CI: 28.0 %–42.0 %) followed by 23.0 % (95 % CI: 16.0 %–30.9 %) for health professionals. The 3-month trend analysis of the prevalence of low resilience beginning January 2020 to June 2021 revealed upward then downward patterns among overall populations. The prevalence of low resilience was higher in females, studied during the delta variant dominant period, frontline health professionals, and undergraduate degree education. Limitations Study outcomes showed high heterogeneity; however, sub-group and meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify potential moderating factors. Conclusions Globally, 1 out of 4 people among the general population and health professionals experienced low resilience due to COVID-19 adversity. The prevalence of low resilience was twice as much among the general population compared to health professionals. These findings provide information for policymakers and clinicians in the development and implementation of resilience-enhancing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitria Endah Janitra
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Hsiu-Ju Jen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Pien
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Doresses Liu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Jung Lai
- Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kondwani Joseph Banda
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Endoscopy Unit, Surgery Department, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Tso-Ying Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nursing Research Center, Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Zhu K, Wang S, Yue Y, Smith BA, Zhang ZF, Freudenheim JL, Niu Z, Zhang J, Smith E, Ye J, Cao Y, Zhang J, Hennessy DA, Lei L, Mu L. Disparities in insecurity, social support, and family relationships in association with poor mental health among US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9731. [PMID: 37322075 PMCID: PMC10272217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health. Identifying risk factors and susceptible subgroups will guide efforts to address mental health concerns during the pandemic and long-term management and monitoring after the pandemic. We aimed to examine associations of insecurity (concerns about food, health insurance, and/or money), social support, and change in family relationships with poor mental health and to explore disparities in these associations. An online survey was collected from 3952 US adults between May and August 2020. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma-related disorders were assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Perceived Stress Scale-4, and the Primary Care Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Screen, respectively. Social support was measured by the Oslo Social Support Scale. Logistic regression was used and stratified analyses by age, race/ethnicity, and sex were performed. We found a higher prevalence of poor mental health among those who were younger, female, with lower socioeconomic status, and racial/ethnic minorities. Participants who were worried about money, health insurance, or food had higher odds of symptoms of anxiety (OR = 3.74, 95% CI: 3.06-4.56), depression (OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 2.67-3.84), stress (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 2.67-3.57), and trauma-related disorders (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.42-3.55) compared to those who were not. Compared to poor social support, moderate and strong social support was associated with lower odds of all four symptoms. Participants who had changes in relationships with parents, children, or significant others had worse mental health. Our findings identified groups at higher risk for poor mental health, which offers insights for implementing targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Psychology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
| | - Yihua Yue
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Beth A Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Ye
- The Quarry Lane School, Dublin, CA, USA
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dwight A Hennessy
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lijian Lei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Letcher P, Greenwood CJ, Macdonald JA, McIntosh J, Spry EA, Hutchinson D, O'Connor M, Biden EJ, Painter F, Olsson CM, Cleary J, Thomson KC, Olsson CA. Life course psychosocial precursors of parent mental health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A three-decade prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2023:S0165-0327(23)00675-4. [PMID: 37207948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been widespread interest in the implications of COVID-19 containment measures on the mental health of parents. Most of this research has focused on risk. Much less is known about resilience; yet such studies are key to protecting populations during major crises. Here we map precursors of resilience using life course data spanning three decades. METHODS The Australian Temperament Project commenced in 1983 and now follows three generations. Parents (N = 574, 59 % mothers) raising young children completed a COVID-19 specific module in the early (May-September 2020) and/or later (October-December, 2021) phases of the pandemic. Decades prior, parents had been assessed across a broad range of individual, relational and contextual risk and promotive factors during childhood (7-8 years to 11-12 years), adolescence (13-14 years to 17-18 years) and young adulthood (19-20 years to 27-28 years). Regressions examined the extent to which these factors predicted mental health resilience, operationalised as lower than expected anxiety and depressive symptoms during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic symptoms. RESULTS Parent mental health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently predicted by several factors assessed decades before the pandemic. These included lower ratings of internalising difficulties, less difficult temperament/personality traits and stressful life events, and higher ratings of relational health. LIMITATIONS The study included 37-39-year-old Australian parents with children age between 1 and 10 years. DISCUSSION Results identified psychosocial indicators across the early life course that, if replicated, could constitute targets for long-term investment to maximise mental health resilience during future pandemics and crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primrose Letcher
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Greenwood
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer McIntosh
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; La Trobe University, Department of Psychology, The Bouverie Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Spry
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of New South Wales, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebony J Biden
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felicity Painter
- La Trobe University, Department of Psychology, The Bouverie Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joyce Cleary
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly C Thomson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University of British Columbia, Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Children's Hospital Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Çıvgın U, Yorulmaz E, Yazar K. Mediator role of resilience in the relationship between neuroticism and psychological symptoms: COVID-19 Pandemic and supermarket employees. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1-13. [PMID: 37359609 PMCID: PMC10163286 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The current research aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits, resilience, and psychological symptom levels of front-line supermarket employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three-hundred and ten (310) supermarket employees participated in the research between March and May 2021. Participants filled out the questionnaire sets online The Demographic Information Form, Symptom Checklist, Five Factor Inventory and Resilience Scale for Adults were presented as questionnaire sets. Pearson Correlation Analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between variables, Multiple Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to discover the predictors of symptom level. It was found that personality traits, resilience and psychological symptom levels are related to each other. Conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and resilience are significant predictors of psychological symptom level. In addition, resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and psychological symptom levels. The findings were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature and COVID-19 research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Çıvgın
- Asst. Prof, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Elçin Yorulmaz
- Ph.D, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
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Wu K, Doe E, Roude G, Wallace J, Francois S, Richardson L, Theall K. In it Together: Sense of Community and Psychologic Distress During COVID-19. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2838471. [PMID: 37205410 PMCID: PMC10187417 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2838471/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the relationship between differences in indicators of social capital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their association with self-reported measures of psychological distress. The data was analyzed from an existing cluster randomized control trial (the Healthy Neighborhoods Project ) with 244 participants from New Orleans, Louisiana. Differences in self-reported scores between baseline (January 2019-March 2020) and participant's second survey (March 20, 2020, and onwards) were calculated. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association between social capital indicators and measures of psychological distress adjusting for key covariates and controlling for residential clustering effects. Participants who reported higher than average scores for social capital indicators were significantly less likely to report increases in psychosocial distress between pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those who reported higher-than-average sense of community were approximately 1.2 times less likely than those who reported lower than average sense of community scores to experience increases in psychological distress before and during the global pandemic (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.70,0.88, p ≤ 0.001), even after controlling for key covariates. Findings highlight the potentially important role that community social capital and related factors may play in the health of underrepresented populations during times of major stress. Specifically, the results suggest an important role of cognitive social capital and perceptions of community membership, belonging, and influence in buffering changes of mental health distress experienced during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic among a population that is majority Black and female.
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Rahman R, Azhar S, Wernick LJ, Huang D, Maschi T, Rosenblatt C, Patel R. COVID-19 stigma and depression across race, ethnicity and residence. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2023; 62:121-142. [PMID: 36934345 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2023.2193263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our cross-sectional study seeks to understand how COVID-19 stigma, race/ethnicity [Asian, Black, Hispanic/Latinx, white] and residency [New York City (NYC) resident vs. non-NYC resident] associated with depression. Our sample includes 568 participants: 260 (45.77%) were NYC residents and 308 (54.3%) were non-NYC residents. A series of multiple linear regression were run to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity, COVID-19 stigma, and depressive symptoms. Irrespective of residency, older age and ever being diagnosed with COVID-19 were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Stigma and thinking less of oneself significantly associates with depressive symptoms across residency. Our study expects to benefit mental health care providers and public health professionals in designing best practices to mitigate stigma in ongoing or future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahbel Rahman
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sameena Azhar
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Laura J Wernick
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Debbie Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tina Maschi
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Cassidy Rosenblatt
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rupal Patel
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, New York, United States
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34
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Mayorga NA, Nizio P, Garey L, Viana AG, Kauffman BY, Matoska CT, Zvolensky MJ. Evaluating resilience in terms of COVID-19 related behavioral health among Latinx adults during the coronavirus pandemic. Cogn Behav Ther 2023; 52:75-90. [PMID: 36196955 PMCID: PMC9839500 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2022.2114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mental and behavioral health burden resulting from COVID-19 has disproportionately affected the Latinx population. Yet, no work has investigated the influence of resilience as a protective factor against COVID-19 related consequences. The aim of the current study was to evaluate resilience in relation to COVID-19 related fear, anxiety symptoms, COVID-19 anxiety-related sleep disturbances, and depression among Latinx persons (178 Latinx persons [31.5% female, Mage = 34.1 years, SD = 8.2]). It was hypothesized that greater levels of resilience would be associated with lower levels of all COVID-19 related behavioral health outcomes above and beyond the variance accounted for by years living in the United States (U.S.), degree of COVID-19 exposure, sex, age, education, and COVID-19 related work and financial troubles and home-life distress. Results indicated that greater levels of resilience were associated with lower levels of COVID-19 related fear (ΔR2 = .06, p < .001), anxiety symptoms (ΔR2 = .03, p = .005), COVID-19 anxiety-related sleep disturbances (ΔR2 = .06, p < .001), and depression (ΔR2 = .04, p = .001). Overall, the present study is the first to document the potential importance of resilience in relation to common and clinically significant COVID-19 behavioral health problems among Latinx persons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
| | | | | | | | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston
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35
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Józefacka NM, Podstawski R, Potoczny W, Pomianowski A, Kołek MF, Wrona S, Guzowski K. The Importance of Resilience and Level of Anxiety in the Process of Making a Decision about SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:999. [PMID: 36673755 PMCID: PMC9859589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
People's opinions on immunization are diverse. Despite the constant improvement of vaccine formulas, the number of people reluctant to immunize is not decreasing. The purpose of our study is to assess the psychological determinants of immunization reluctance in depth. We measured levels of anxiety (death-related and general), fear of COVID-19, self-esteem and resilience among 342 adults. We found that the level of COVID-19 related fear is higher among the vaccinated population, despite general anxiety levels being lower. Surprisingly we didn't find significant differences in resilience and self-esteem levels. Findings are concurrent with previous research-COVID-19 related fear level is higher among vaccinated people. Resilience and self-esteem are defined as stable, trait-like constructs, and thus may not manifest higher levels in very specific pandemic situations, although they may lower the levels of general anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Maja Józefacka
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Podstawski
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiktor Potoczny
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pomianowski
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Wrona
- Faculty of Arts and Educational Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Konrad Guzowski
- Students Scientific Club ControlUP, Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
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36
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Kohls E, Guenthner L, Baldofski S, Brock T, Schuhr J, Rummel-Kluge C. Two years COVID-19 pandemic: Development of university students' mental health 2020-2022. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1122256. [PMID: 37091715 PMCID: PMC10117945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The literature indicates a negative impact on the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It remains unclear if this negative impact persists even after lockdown measures are lifted. The current study therefore investigates the mental health status of students by drawing on two previous studies the present study seeks to investigate differences in the mental health status across three time points. Methods A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey among students of six universities was conducted between April and May 2022 (N = 5,510). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use and eating disorders as well as social and emotional variables were assessed utilizing standardized instruments. Risk- and protective factors for severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were investigated using multiple regression models. Differences in e.g., symptoms of depression across three time points were assessed with one-way analysis of variance. Results More than one third of students exhibited clinically relevant symptoms of depression (35.5%), hazardous alcohol use (33.0-35.5% depending on gender) or anxiety disorder (31.1%). Taken together, almost two out of three (61.4%) students reported clinically relevant symptoms in at least one of the aforementioned symptom patterns, while almost one fifth of students reported suicidal ideation or thoughts of self-harm (19.6%). Higher perceived stress and loneliness significantly predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms, while resilience and social support were identified as protective factors. Compared to 2020 and 2021, levels of depressive symptoms were significantly reduced in 2022, levels of hazardous alcohol consumption showed a small but significant increase from 2021 to 2022. Worryingly, prevalence of suicidal ideation was the highest yet, being significantly higher than in 2020 (14.5%) and 2021 (16.5%). Conclusion These results confirm previous results that the pandemic had and still has a negative impact on the mental health of university students. The present study broadens this view by the fact that some areas seem to recover quicker, while others seem to increase worryingly. Especially the persistent rise in suicidal ideation from 2020 to 2021 and to 2022, a constant reduction in reported social support and associated perceived loneliness is concerning. The claim for low-threshold and accessible mental health support for university students remains the same as in the beginning of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Guenthner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Brock
- Centre for Research, Further Education and Consulting, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Schuhr
- Centre for Research, Further Education and Consulting, University of Applied Sciences for Social Work, Education and Nursing Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christine Rummel-Kluge
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Matovic S, Grenier S, Jauvin F, Gravel C, Vasiliadis HM, Vasil N, Belleville S, Rainville P, Dang-Vu TT, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Knäuper B, Dialahy IZ, Gouin JP. Trajectories of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults in Quebec: A longitudinal study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5879. [PMID: 36703303 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated public health measures may increase the risk for psychological distress among vulnerable older adults. This longitudinal study aimed to identify predictors of psychological distress trajectories among community-dwelling older adults in Quebec, Canada. METHODS The study spanned four time points across 13 months and three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 645 community-dwelling older adults ages 60 years and older in Quebec. Participants completed telephone-based interviews that included the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6) to assess psychological distress at each time point as well as information on socioeconomic, medical, psychological and COVID-19 related factors. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify distinct trajectories of psychological distress across time. RESULTS Three group-based trajectories of psychological distress were identified: the resilient (50.5%), reactive (34.9%), and elevated distress groups (14.6%). Individuals with mobility issues, insomnia symptoms, COVID-19 related acute stress, general health anxiety, increased loneliness symptoms, and those unable to use technology to see others were more likely to be in the reactive and elevated groups than the resilient group. Those with past mental health problems had uniquely increased odds of being in the reactive group compared to the resilient group. Individuals living in poverty and those who reported taking psychotropic medication had increased odds of being in the elevated distress group compared to the resilient group. CONCLUSION These findings characterized distinct trajectories of psychological distress in older adults and identified risk factors for elevated distress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Matovic
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Grenier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Jauvin
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Gravel
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Helen-Maria Vasiliadis
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Vasil
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isaora Zefania Dialahy
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gouin
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Li H, Zhao J, Chen R, Liu H, Xu X, Xu J, Jiang X, Pang M, Wang J, Li S, Hou J, Kong F. The relationships of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-wave longitudinal study in Shandong Province, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1078744. [PMID: 37026148 PMCID: PMC10070798 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1078744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies have shown that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to long-term health problems; therefore, more attention should be paid to the mental health of university students. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal effects of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience on the mental health of Chinese college students during COVID-19. Methods We recruited 2,948 university students from five universities in Shandong Province. We used a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model to estimate the impact of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience on mental health. Results In the follow-up survey, the prevalence of anxiety (44.8% at T1 vs 41.2% at T2) and stress (23.0% at T1 vs 19.6% at T2) decreased over time, whereas the prevalence of depression (35.2% at T1 vs 36.9% at T2) increased significantly (P < 0.001). Senior students were more likely to report depression (OR = 1.710, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.815, P = 0.019), and stress (OR = 1.385, P = 0.011). Among all majors, medical students were most likely to report depression (OR = 1.373, P = 0.021), anxiety (OR = 1.310, P = 0.040), and stress (OR = 1.775, P < 0.001). Students who wore a mask outside were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.761, P = 0.027) and anxiety (OR = 0.686, P = 0.002) compared to those who did not wear masks. Students who complied with the standard hand-washing technique were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.628, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.701, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.638, P < 0.001). Students who maintained a distance of one meter in queues were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.668, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.634, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.638, P < 0.001). Psychological resilience was a protective factor against depression (OR = 0.973, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.980, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.976, P < 0.001). Discussion The prevalence of depression among university students increased at follow-up, while the prevalence of anxiety and stress decreased. Senior students and medical students are vulnerable groups. University students should continue to follow relevant preventive behaviors to protect their mental health. Improving psychological resilience may help maintain and promote university students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexian Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Marxism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xixing Xu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Jiang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingli Pang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shixue Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Hou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxiang Hou
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Fanlei Kong
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Wister A, Li L, Best JR, Cosco TD, Kim B. Multimorbidity, COVID-19 and Mental Health: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Longitudinal Analyses. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:729-744. [PMID: 35797007 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2094742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper examines the longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults (65+) with multimorbidity on levels of depression, anxiety, and perceived global impact on their lives. METHODS Baseline (2011-2015) and Follow-up 1 (2015-2018) data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), and the Baseline and Exit waves of the CLSA COVID-19 study (April-December, 2020) (n = 18,099). Multimorbidity was measured using: a) an additive scale of chronic conditions; and b) six chronic disease clusters. Linear Mixed Models were employed to test hypotheses. RESULTS Number of chronic conditions pre-pandemic was associated with pandemic levels of depression (estimate = 0.40, 95% CI: [0.37,0.44]); anxiety (estimate = 0.20, 95% CI: [0.18, 0.23]); and perceived negative impact of the pandemic (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: [1.02, 1.06]). The associations between multimorbidity and anxiety decreased during the period of the COVID-19 surveys (estimate = -0.02, 95% CI: [-0.05, -0.01]); whereas the multimorbidity association with perceived impact increased (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: [1.01, 1.05]). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that pre-pandemic multimorbidity conditions are associated with worsening mental health. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians treating mental health of older adults need to consider the joint effects of multimorbidity conditions and pandemic experiences to tailor counseling and other treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wister
- Gerontology Research Centre & Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lun Li
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John R Best
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Theodore D Cosco
- Gerontology Research Centre & Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Boah Kim
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Rice KG, Aiello M, Durán B, Ashby JS, Kira I. Sociodemographic factors as moderators of COVID-19 stress on depression. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:110-123. [PMID: 35549609 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2076084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many aspects of daily life, but relatively little is known about COVID-19-related stress for subgroups in the population. We examined differences in COVID-stress and depression as a function of gender, race, ethnicity, and subjective social status. We tested these factors as moderators of the association between COVID-stress and depression. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional design to test associations between sociodemographic factors, COVID-stress, and depression. Analyses were based on confirmatory factor analytic and structural equations models. METHODS A convenience sample of 1,058 U.S. MTurk workers and college students (54.5% cisgender women; 55.1% racial/ethnic minoritized individuals) was recruited. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-stress and depression. RESULTS COVID-stress was positively associated with depression. Overall, neither gender nor racial minoritized status moderated COVID-stress effects on depression. However, intersectional analyses revealed COVID-stress was a significant risk factor for depression among Black women compared to other participants. COVID-stress was more strongly linked to depression for Hispanic individuals and participants with higher social status. CONCLUSIONS Future studies may benefit from the COVID-stress scale evaluated in this study and by considering the differential effects of sociodemographic factors on psychological functioning during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Rice
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michelle Aiello
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Barbara Durán
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey S Ashby
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ibrahim Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, Georgia
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Tran S, Wormley AS, Louie P, Sheehan C. Increasing psychological distress among Californians from 2013 to 2020: Race/ethnic differences. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 2:100101. [PMID: 36590986 PMCID: PMC9792130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is of mounting concern to population-health researchers. While early reports indicated increases in mental health problems, noticeably absent from these studies is how mental health has changed in 2020 compared to previous years (2013-2019) and whether such trends vary by race/ethnicity. The present study used repeated cross-sectional data from the California Health Interview Survey (n = 168,216) to systematically document trends in psychological distress scores (Kessler-6 scale; K6) and severe psychological distress scores (K6; 13+) from 2013 to 2020 and by race/ethnicity over the same period. Among all Californians we find that the reported average psychological distress scores increased by 22% between 2013 and 2020. Reported severe psychological distress scores increased 61% from 2013 to 2020. These increases were largely concentrated in the years 2017-2020. Increases in psychological distress were also especially pronounced among non-Latino/a White Californians (29% increase in K6 from 2013 to 2020), Latino/a Californians (14% increase in K6 from 2013 to 2020), and Asian Californians (35% increase in K6 from 2013 to 2020). Multiple and logistic regression models that accounted for sociodemographic and behavioral health covariates echoed these findings. Future research should continue to investigate secular trends in mental health that coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic and carefully situate the shifts into broader temporal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Tran
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA
| | | | | | - Connor Sheehan
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, USA,Corresponding author. P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA
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Trajectories of resilience and mental distress to global major disruptions. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:1171-1189. [PMID: 36302711 PMCID: PMC9595401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a major societal disruption, raising the question of how people can maintain or quickly regain their mental health (i.e., be resilient) during such times. Researchers have used the pandemic as a use case for studying resilience in response to a global, synchronously starting, and chronic set of stressors on the individual and societal level. Our review of this recent literature reveals that mental distress trajectories during the pandemic largely resemble mental distress responses to individual-level macro-stressors, except for a lower prevalence of recovery trajectories. Results suggest more resilient responses in older adults, but trajectories are less consistent for younger and older ages compared with middle-aged adults. We call for more research integrating state-of-the-art operationalizations of resilience and using these to study resilience over the lifespan.
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Luo Y, Li Q, Jeong H, Cheatham L. The association between social determinants of health and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a secondary analysis among four racial/ethnic groups. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2193. [PMID: 36443734 PMCID: PMC9702892 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities in psychological distress associated with COVID-19 remain unclear in the U.S. This study aims to investigate the associations between social determinants of health and COVID-19-related psychological distress across different racial/ethnic groups in the US (i.e., non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asians, and non-Hispanic African Americans). METHODS This study used cross-sectional data from the 2020 California Health Interview Survey Adult Data Files (N = 21,280). Adjusting for covariates-including age, gender, COVID-19 pandemic challenges, and risk of severe illness from COVID-19-four sets of weighted binary logistic regressions were conducted. RESULTS The rates of moderate/severe psychological distress significantly varied across four racial/ethnic groups (p < 0.001), with the highest rate found in the Hispanic group. Across the five domains of social determinants of health, we found that unemployment, food insecurity, housing instability, high educational attainment, usual source of health care, delayed medical care, and low neighborhood social cohesion and safety were associated with high levels of psychological distress in at least one racial/ethnic group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that Hispanic adults face more adverse social determinants of health and are disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. Public health practice and policy should highlight social determinants of heath that are associated with different racial/ethnic groups and develop tailored programs to reduce psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA ,grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, HI Honolulu, USA
| | - Qingyi Li
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
| | - Haelim Jeong
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA
| | - Leah Cheatham
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA
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Roche AI, Adamowicz JL, Stegall MS, Toovey CR, Sirotiak Z, Thomas EBK. College Student Resilience During COVID-19: Examining the Roles of Mindfulness, Compassion, and Prosocial Behavior. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:309-320. [PMID: 36415323 PMCID: PMC9669537 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined factors associated with resilience in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were undergraduates at a large Midwestern university in the USA (N = 848). Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined self-reported pandemic-related adversity, community COVID-19 case rates, mindfulness, compassion, and prosocialness to determine the strongest associates of resilience. Findings demonstrated that mindfulness was the only psychological process of interest significantly associated with resilience, so specific facets were further explored in a regression analysis. Specifically, higher levels of the following mindfulness skills were associated with greater resilience: ability to describe internal experiences, to remain aware while engaging in action, and to take a nonreactive stance toward internal experiences. Mindfulness-based interventions may be appropriate for promoting resilience in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I. Roche
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jenna L. Adamowicz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Manny S. Stegall
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Cole R. Toovey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Zoe Sirotiak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Emily B. K. Thomas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
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Wister A, Li L, Levasseur M, Kadowaki L, Pickering J. The Effects of Loneliness on Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults During COVID-19: Longitudinal Analyses of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. J Aging Health 2022; 35:439-452. [PMID: 36383045 PMCID: PMC9672981 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221129686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This paper examines the longitudinal effects of changes in the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms during the pandemic among older adults (65+). Methods Baseline (2011–2015) and Follow-up 1 (2015–2018) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), and the Baseline and Exit waves of the CLSA COVID-19 study (April–December, 2020) ( n = 12,469) were used. Loneliness was measured using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale and depression using the CES_D- 9. Results Loneliness is associated with depressive symptoms pre-pandemic; and changes in level of loneliness between FUP1 and the COVID Exit survey, adjusting for covariates. No interaction between loneliness and caregiving, and with multimorbidity, on depressive symptoms were observed, and several covariates exhibited associations with depressive symptoms. Discussion Strong support is found for an association between loneliness on depressive symptoms among older adults during the pandemic. Public health approaches addressing loneliness could reduce the burden of depression on older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wister
- Department of Gerontology, Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lun Li
- School of Social Work, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l’Estrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Kadowaki
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Pickering
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Aghaei A, Aggarwal A, Zhang R, Li X, Qiao S. Resilience resources and coping strategies of COVID-19 female long haulers: A qualitative study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:970378. [PMID: 36407988 PMCID: PMC9672809 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.970378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female long haulers deal with persistent post-acute COVID-19 symptoms that have serious health implications. This study aimed to identify resilience resources at multiple socio-ecological levels for female long haulers and describe how resilience resources affect their responses to long COVID. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit participants through social media from April to June 2021 followed by 15 semi-structured interviews. An inductive analytical approach was adopted to categorize themes by open and axial coding that were verified by peer review. Results Female long haulers relied on resources at various socio-ecological levels to foster their resilience in response to long COVID. At the individual level, they utilized cognitive and emotional resources to increase knowledge, learn new skills, set goals, and manage emotions; behavioral resources (e.g., internal motivation and executive functioning) to perform physical, creative, and recreational activities, and adopt healthier eating habits; and spiritual resources to perform spiritual rituals and connect with God. At the social level, the support from existing relationships and/or online social support groups enhanced their social identity and provided material and informational resources. At the health systems level, the guidance from counselors and physicians and availability of clinics, medicines, and health equipment assisted them in symptom management and medication adherence. Conclusion The resilience of female long haulers can be enhanced through (1) offering financial and health-related resources, (2) developing online social-support groups, (3) counseling and care service training for healthcare professionals, and (4) implementing more psychosocial interventions by labor organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Aghaei
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
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Hagen D, Lai AY, Goldmann E. State-level unemployment and negative emotions throughout the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States. Prev Med 2022; 164:107239. [PMID: 36058381 PMCID: PMC9434949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although prior research has assessed public mental health in the U.S. throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear how area-level unemployment impacted psychological well-being; moreover, studies that examine potential effect heterogeneity of the impact of area-level unemployment on well-being by employment status are lacking. To address these shortcomings, this study utilized data from Gallup's repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative COVID-19 web survey collected between April 2020 and July 2021 (n = 132,971). Survey modified Poisson regression models were estimated to determine the association between current unemployment rate in respondents' state of residence and experience of each of the following negative emotions during a lot of the prior day: sadness, worry, stress, anger, loneliness, depression, and anxiety. These models were stratified by employment status and sequentially adjusted for individual-level covariates, state fixed effects, and current state-level COVID-19 mortality. State-level unemployment was most strongly associated with sadness, followed by worry, anger, loneliness, stress, and anxiety; no associations were observed for depression. For sadness, worry, and stress, associations were strongest among full-time employed and retired individuals, and weakest among unemployed respondents and homemakers. Moreover, there was some evidence that state-level unemployment was negatively associated with the experience of anger in the early stages of the pandemic, and positively in its later stages. In sum, these findings suggest that Americans' emotional experience during the COVID-19 pandemic was considerably impacted by the state of the economy, highlighting the need for risk-buffering social policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hagen
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, NY, New York, USA
| | - Alden Yuanhong Lai
- Department of Public Health Policy and Management, New York University School of Global Public Health, NY, New York, USA
| | - Emily Goldmann
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, NY, New York, USA.
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Žmavc M, Šorgo A, Gabrovec B, Crnkovič N, Cesar K, Selak Š. The Protective Role of Resilience in the Development of Social Media Addiction in Tertiary Students and Psychometric Properties of the Slovenian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13178. [PMID: 36293756 PMCID: PMC9602671 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, social media became one of the most utilized sources of information relating to the disease. With the increased reliance on social media, the risk of excessive use and the development of social media addiction emerges. The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and to explore how psychological resilience affects social media addiction symptoms directly and indirectly through symptoms of depression, anxiety and mental distress. A large online cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2021 among Slovenian tertiary students (N = 4868). The results showed the high reliability, unidimensionality and criterion validity of the Slovenian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. The proposed structural model fit the data well and showed a significant direct positive effect of depression and stress on social media addiction. Moreover, the majority of the negative effects of psychological resilience on social media addiction (87.2%) were indirect, through depression and stress symptoms, whereas resilience had a significantly smaller impact on social media addiction by reducing anxiety symptoms. The overall prevalence of social media addiction symptoms was 4.6%, with females exhibiting higher proportions than men. Additionally, female social media users reported a complete absence of social media addiction symptoms less often compared to males. Future research should further explore the mechanisms behind social media addiction, in order to gain a better understanding of the apparently different risk levels for both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Žmavc
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Šorgo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Branko Gabrovec
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nuša Crnkovič
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Cesar
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Selak
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Yilmaz R, Karaoglan Yilmaz FG. Problematic Internet use in Adults: The Role of Happiness, Psychological Resilience, Dispositional Hope, and Self-control and Self-management. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2022; 41:1-19. [PMID: 36247047 PMCID: PMC9548420 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing literature examining the use of problematic internet in the context of psychological factors. Most of these studies are focused on the young population. On the other hand, the prolongation of human life and the increasing rate of adult individuals in society's population cannot be ignored. It is seen that the number of research examining the use of problematic internet in the context of psychological factors is quite limited. In this current study, the problematic internet usage of primary and secondary school students' parents was examined in happiness, psychological resilience, dispositional hope, self-control and self-management. The research was conducted on 1123 parents. Path analysis was performed to discover the relations between the structures. As a result of the path analysis, it was determined that there is a significant negative relationship between problematic internet use and happiness, problematic internet use and psychological resilience, problematic internet use, and dispositional hope. According to these findings, adults' high happiness levels, psychological resilience, and hope levels will reduce their problematic internet use. It has been determined that there is a significant indirect relationship between self-control and self-management and problematic internet use. Happiness, psychological resilience, and dispositional hope mediating role in this relationship. Increasing parents' happiness levels, developing psychological resilience, increasing dispositional hope levels, and developing self-control and self-management skills will reduce problematic internet use. In line with the findings, what can be done to reduce the use of problematic internet has been discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10942-022-00482-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Computer Technology & Information Systems, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
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Miragall M, Escrivá-Martínez T, Wrzesien M, Vara MD, Herrero R, Desdentado L, Baños RM. Too many lemons to make lemonade? Disentangling mental health during the third wave of COVID-19 infections in Spain. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36213570 PMCID: PMC9533265 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the longitudinal change in mental health during the third wave of COVID-19 infections in Spain. Negative (e.g., emotional distress) and positive (e.g., positive functioning variables) outcomes were analyzed. Protective factors (e.g., resilience) as predictors of psychological adjustment (i.e., positive mental health, openness to the future, and low burden due to COVID-19) after ten months of the pandemic were also examined. The sample consisted of 164 participants, and self-reported questionnaires were administered at the beginning of the lockdown (March 2020), at the end of the lockdown (June 2020), and during the third wave (January 2021). Linear mixed models showed that individuals' emotional distress increased, and positive functioning variables (i.e., meaning in life, gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction) decreased over time, but an increase was observed in some dimensions of posttraumatic growth. Regression analyses showed that resilience scores at all three data collection time points were significant predictors of positive mental health, openness to the future, and burden during the third wave. Mediation analyses showed that positive mental health and openness to the future were mediators of the effect of resilience on burden. The prolonged situation of the COVID-19 crisis had an important impact on positive and negative mental health. However, resilience may help to build up resources that can act as a buffer against adverse psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maja Wrzesien
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Vara
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Lorena Desdentado
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
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