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Elavsky S, Burda M, Cipryan L, Kutáč P, Bužga M, Jandackova V, Chow SM, Jandacka D. Physical activity and menopausal symptoms: evaluating the contribution of obesity, fitness, and ambient air pollution status. Menopause 2024; 31:310-319. [PMID: 38377450 PMCID: PMC10959689 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The menopausal transition is accompanied by transient symptoms that have been linked to subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD); CVD has also been linked to air pollution. Physical activity (PA) reduces CVD, improves body composition, and can reduce menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the links between PA and menopausal symptoms and whether obesity, fitness, and air pollution status play a role in this relationship. METHODS Women (40-60 y; N = 243; mean [SD] age, 47.8 [5.6] y) from areas with high versus low air pollution enrolled in the Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment Program 4 prospective cohort study completed psychological, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and menopausal status screening followed by a 14-day prospective assessment of menopausal symptoms (Menopause Rating Scale) using a mobile application. Daily PA was assessed objectively across 14 days via Fitbit Charge 3 monitor. General linear mixed models were conducted and controlled for age, menopausal status, day in the study, wear time, and neuroticism. RESULTS Peri/postmenopausal women ( β = 0.43, P < 0.001) and those residing in a high-air-pollution environment ( β = 0.45, P < 0.05) reported more somatovegetative symptoms. Hot flashes alone were associated with peri/postmenopausal status ( β = 0.45, P < 0.001), and for women residing in a high-air-pollution environment, lower reporting of hot flashes was observed on days when a woman was more physically active than usual ( β = -0.15, P < 0.001). No associations were found for cardiorespiratory fitness and visceral fat with any of the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS PA may enhance resilience to hot flashes, especially when residing in high-air-pollution environments where we also observed higher reporting of somatovegetative menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steriani Elavsky
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Burda
- Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic IT4Innovations
| | - Lukáš Cipryan
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kutáč
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Bužga
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Jandackova
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sy-Miin Chow
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, Penn State University, USA
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Park J, Kim M, El Mistiri M, Kha R, Banerjee S, Gotzian L, Chevance G, Rivera DE, Klasnja P, Hekler E. Advancing Understanding of Just-in-Time States for Supporting Physical Activity (Project JustWalk JITAI): Protocol for a System ID Study of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e52161. [PMID: 37751237 PMCID: PMC10565629 DOI: 10.2196/52161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) are designed to provide support when individuals are receptive and can respond beneficially to the prompt. The notion of a just-in-time (JIT) state is critical for JITAIs. To date, JIT states have been formulated either in a largely data-driven way or based on theory alone. There is a need for an approach that enables rigorous theory testing and optimization of the JIT state concept. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this system ID experiment was to investigate JIT states empirically and enable the empirical optimization of a JITAI intended to increase physical activity (steps/d). METHODS We recruited physically inactive English-speaking adults aged ≥25 years who owned smartphones. Participants wore a Fitbit Versa 3 and used the study app for 270 days. The JustWalk JITAI project uses system ID methods to study JIT states. Specifically, provision of support systematically varied across different theoretically plausible operationalizations of JIT states to enable a more rigorous and systematic study of the concept. We experimentally varied 2 intervention components: notifications delivered up to 4 times per day designed to increase a person's steps within the next 3 hours and suggested daily step goals. Notifications to walk were experimentally provided across varied operationalizations of JIT states accounting for need (ie, whether daily step goals were previously met or not), opportunity (ie, whether the next 3 h were a time window during which a person had previously walked), and receptivity (ie, a person previously walked after receiving notifications). Suggested daily step goals varied systematically within a range related to a person's baseline level of steps per day (eg, 4000) until they met clinically meaningful targets (eg, averaging 8000 steps/d as the lower threshold across a cycle). A series of system ID estimation approaches will be used to analyze the data and obtain control-oriented dynamical models to study JIT states. The estimated models from all approaches will be contrasted, with the ultimate goal of guiding rigorous, replicable, empirical formulation and study of JIT states to inform a future JITAI. RESULTS As is common in system ID, we conducted a series of simulation studies to formulate the experiment. The results of our simulation studies illustrated the plausibility of this approach for generating informative and unique data for studying JIT states. The study began enrolling participants in June 2022, with a final enrollment of 48 participants. Data collection concluded in April 2023. Upon completion of the analyses, the results of this study are expected to be submitted for publication in the fourth quarter of 2023. CONCLUSIONS This study will be the first empirical investigation of JIT states that uses system ID methods to inform the optimization of a scalable JITAI for physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05273437; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05273437. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/52161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Park
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Wireless & Population Health Systems, Calit2's Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- The Design Lab, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korean National Government, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Meelim Kim
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Wireless & Population Health Systems, Calit2's Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- The Design Lab, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed El Mistiri
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Rachael Kha
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sarasij Banerjee
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Lisa Gotzian
- Lufthansa Industry Solutions, Lufthansa, Norderstedt, Germany
| | | | - Daniel E Rivera
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Predrag Klasnja
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eric Hekler
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Wireless & Population Health Systems, Calit2's Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- The Design Lab, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Harraqui K, Oudghiri DE, Mrabti HN, Hannoun Z, Lee LH, Assaggaf H, Qasem A, Goh KW, Ming LC, Tan CS, Bouyahya A, Bour A. Association between Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Metabolic Disorders in Middle-Aged Women of Ksar el Kebir (Morocco). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1739. [PMID: 36767104 PMCID: PMC9914767 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA), body composition, and metabolic disorders in a population of Moroccan women classified by menopausal status. This cross-sectional study comprised 373 peri- and postmenopausal women aged 45-64 years old. PA levels were assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Body composition and metabolic disorders were assessed by measurements of anthropometric and biological parameters: weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), WC/HC ratio, percent body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and serum lipids (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, and LDL-C). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Pearson correlations were used to test for associations. The mean total PA score of perimenopausal women was 1683.51 ± 805.36 MET-min/week, and of postmenopausal women was 1450.81 ± 780.67 MET-min/week. In all participants, peri- and postmenopausal women, PA was significantly and inversely associated with BMI, weight, percent body fat, HC, WC, and number of MetS components (p < 0.01), and with fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, and LDL-C (p < 0.05). The frequencies of metabolic disorders, obesity, abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and MetS were significantly lower at moderate and intense levels of PA (p < 0.05), in also all participants. In middle-aged women, particularly those who are peri-menopausal, PA at moderate and intense levels is associated with more favorable body composition and less frequent metabolic disorders. However, in this particular study, PA does not appear to be associated with blood pressure and HDL-C concentrations. Future studies may be needed to further clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Harraqui
- Laboratory of Biology and Health (LBS), Nutrition, Food and Health Sciences Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - Dia Eddine Oudghiri
- Biology and Health UAE/U23FS Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Avenue de Sebta, Mhannech II, Tetouan 93002, Morocco
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Casablanca, Casablanca 20250, Morocco
| | - Zineb Hannoun
- Laboratory of Biology and Health (LBS), Nutrition, Food and Health Sciences Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Bour
- Laboratory of Biology and Health (LBS), Nutrition, Food and Health Sciences Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
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Assayag E, Wiener R, Gelman E, Abulafia A, Wasser LM, Hanhart J, Zadok D, Weill Y. The Physical Activity Level of Ophthalmologists at Work: A Pedometer-Based Study. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:6-12. [PMID: 35673758 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221099039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophthalmology practice entails many hours of physical inactivity, a potential long-term health hazard. This study aims to perform a pedometer-based evaluation of the physical activity (PA) levels of ophthalmologists at work. METHODS This is a prospective observational study. Ophthalmologists from a single tertiary medical center were monitored with electronic pedometers during six morning sessions in the ophthalmology clinics. Working hours and the number of patients seen per clinic session were retrieved. The age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were documented. Step number per working hour (SPH) was calculated for all participants. Comparisons between males and females, practicing ophthalmologists (attendings) and ophthalmology residents (residents), and sub-specialties were performed. Correlations between SPH and age, BMI, and patients seen per clinic session were computed. FINDINGS Pedometer readings for a total of 673 working hours were analyzed for 24 ophthalmologists, 17% female, 17 attendings, mean age 44.2 years (standard deviation (SD = 9.8). The average number of SPH for all participants was 359.7 (SD = 166.7). The mean PA level of residents was significantly higher than that of attendings (410.17 SPH vs. 338.95 SPH, respectively, p = .019). Oculoplastic surgeons demonstrated significantly higher step counts per hour than cornea specialists (439.90 SPH vs. 245.55 SPH, respectively, p = .002). A negative correlation was observed between SPH and the number of patients seen per clinic session (ρ = -0.274, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE Low number of SPH for ophthalmologists in this study indicates ophthalmology to be a highly sedentary medical occupation. PA levels of ophthalmologists in the workplace may indicate a personal health care challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elishai Assayag
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rony Wiener
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evgeny Gelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Abulafia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lauren M Wasser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Hanhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Zadok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yishay Weill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Ishii Y, Noguchi H, Sato J, Takahashi I, Ishii H, Ishii R, Ishii K, Ishii K, Toyabe SI. Positive effect of total knee arthroplasty on progression of arteriosclerosis evaluated by cardio-ankle vascular index. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022:10.1007/s00402-022-04672-2. [PMID: 36318274 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical function is expected to improve with an increase in physical activity owing to improvement in knee joint pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study was performed to evaluate the impact of TKA on arteriosclerosis by measuring the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) before and after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 206 consecutive patients undergoing unilateral TKA were investigated. The CAVI, an index of the overall stiffness of the artery from the origin of the aorta to the ankle, was used to evaluate the degree of arteriosclerosis. The CAVI of the TKA side and non-TKA side was compared before and 1 year after TKA. RESULTS There were no differences in the CAVI before and after TKA on the TKA side and non-TKA side, although these values should have worsened at 1 year compared with preoperative values. The CAVI, which did not differ between the two sides preoperatively, differed significantly between the two sides postoperatively (p = 0.013). A generalized linear model showed no interaction between each time point and the measured sides in terms of the CAVI. The relationship between the preoperative CAVI and the difference between the preoperative and postoperative CAVI were examined, showing that R = - 0.428 (p < 0.001) for the TKA side and R = - 0.416 (p < 0.001) for the non-TKA side (significant negative correlation). CONCLUSIONS The lack of significant age-related deterioration over time on both sides suggests that TKA may slow the progression of arteriosclerosis, especially on the operated side. The effect of TKA was found to be greater with a higher CAVI (i.e., more advanced arteriosclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Ishii
- Ishii Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan.
| | - Hideo Noguchi
- Ishii Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Junko Sato
- Ishii Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Ishii Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Hana Ishii
- Kanazawa Medical University, School of Plastic Surgery, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0253, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishii
- Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kei Ishii
- Iwate Prefectural Ninohe Hospital, 38 Horino, Ninohe, Iwate, 028-6193, Japan
| | - Kai Ishii
- Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0253, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Toyabe
- Niigata University Crisis Management Office, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1 Asahimachi Dori Niigata, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
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Associations between Objectively Determined Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in Adult Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060925. [PMID: 35741446 PMCID: PMC9220764 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively synthesize and quantitatively assess the evidence of the relationship between objectively determined volumes of physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic health in women. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane library) were searched and, finally, 24 eligible studies were included, with a total of 2105 women from eight countries. A correlational meta-analysis shows that moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was favorably associated with high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.25; p = 0.002); however, there was limited evidence for the effects of most of the other cardiometabolic biomarkers recorded from steps, total physical activity, light- and moderate-intensity physical activity and MVPA. It is most compelling and consistent that being more physically active is beneficial to the metabolic syndrome. Overall, PA levels are low in adult women, suggesting that increasing the total volume of PA is more important than emphasizing the intensity and duration of PA. The findings also indicate that, according to the confounding effects of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, meeting the minimal level of 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity recommended is not enough to obtain a significant improvement in cardiometabolic indicators. Nonetheless, the high heterogeneity between studies inhibits robust conclusions.
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Effects of CrossFit training on lipid profiles, body composition and physical fitness in overweight men. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Tran NTT, Blizzard CL, Luong KN, Truong NLVN, Tran BQ, Otahal P, Nelson MR, Magnussen CG, Van Bui T, Srikanth V, Au TB, Ha ST, Phung HN, Tran MH, Callisaya M, Gall S. Sex differences in total cholesterol of Vietnamese adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256589. [PMID: 34415963 PMCID: PMC8378708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mid-life emergence of higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) for women than for men has been observed in different Western and Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is evidence of this in Vietnam and, if so, whether it can be explained by ageing, by body size and fatness, or by socio-demographic characteristics and behavioural factors. METHODS Participants (n = 14706, 50.9% females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Linear regression was used to assess the independent contributions of potential explanatory factors to mean levels of TC. Data were analysed using complex survey methods. RESULTS Men and women had similar mean levels of body mass index (BMI), and men had modestly higher mean levels of waist circumference (WC), in each 5-year age category. The mean TC of women increased more or less continuously across the age range but with a step-up at age 50 years to reach higher concentrations on average than those of their male counterparts. The estimated step-up was not eliminated by adjustment for anthropometric indices including BMI or WC, or by adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors. The estimated step-up was least for women with the greatest weight. CONCLUSION There is a marked step-up in TC at age 50 years for Vietnamese women that cannot be explained by their age, or by their body fatness or its distribution, or by their socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors, and which results in greater mean levels of TC for middle-aged women than for their male counterparts in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Thi Thu Tran
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Khue Ngoc Luong
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Le Van Ngoc Truong
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bao Quoc Tran
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mark R. Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tan Van Bui
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thuy Bich Au
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Son Thai Ha
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hai Ngoc Phung
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mai Hoang Tran
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michele Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Ko YJ, Kim JS. Effect of exercise immersion experience on health promotion and lifelong physical education of high school students in sports club activities. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:169-174. [PMID: 34285894 PMCID: PMC8257431 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142284.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of high school students’ athletic commitment, health promotion education, and lifelong sports activities. To this end, the researcher searched for research subjects of 397 high school students residing in Seoul in 2019. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the effect of exercise commitment on sports health promotion education was investigated. Looking at the activities of high school students, their commitment to behavior has had a profound impact on their health responsibilities and relationships. Second, the study also investigated the impact of athletic commitment to lifelong sports of sports activities in high school students and found that cognitive and behavioral commitment had a significant impact on lifelong sports. Finally, as a result of investigating the impact of health promotion education on lifelong sports of high school student sports activities, it was found that health responsibility and relationships have a great influence on lifelong sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Ko
- Major in Sport Service Practice, College of Welfare Convergence, Kangnam University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jun-Su Kim
- Department of Sports and Outdoors, College of Bio Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
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Wang F, Xue H, Ma T, Wen T, Yang T, Xue L, Tu Y. Short-term effectiveness of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in young patients aged less than or equal to 60 years. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 28:2309499020945118. [PMID: 33034241 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020945118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment for young patients with advanced knee arthritis by Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (Oxford-UKA) is still controversial. A relative few studies were published about Asian patients. We evaluated midterm results of Oxford-UKA in young patients aged less than or equal to 60 years. METHODS Between December 2009 and December 2018, 95 patients (109 knees) (mean age 57.48 years; range: 33-60 years) were included. The mean follow-up period was 3.0 years (range: 1.0-9.5 years). The functional outcomes and pain score of the knee before and after surgery were examined. RESULTS To the last follow-up, no patient died, six patients (nine knees) were lost and one patient underwent total knee revision in case of unexplained postoperative pain. The patients demonstrated significant improvement in range of knee motion (103.65 vs. 115.96, p < 0.05), Oxford Knee Score (40.0 vs. 14.4, p < 0.05), Hospital for Special Surgery Score (56.0 vs. 85.7, p < 0.05), and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) (5.23 vs. 1.08, p < 0.05) before and after surgery. CONCLUSION Our midterm results showed that the Oxford-UKA was a reliable and effective treatment option for young patients aged less than or equal to 60 years with anterior medial osteoarthritis. The knee pain can be effectively relieved and excellent functional activities of the knee joint can be obtained after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxing Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, 74683Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaming Xue
- Department of Joint Surgery, 74683Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Ma
- Department of Joint Surgery, 74683Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, 74683Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, 74683Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Xue
- Department of Joint Surgery, 74683Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Tu
- Department of Joint Surgery, 74683Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Tamura A, Shimura K, Inoue Y. A survey of health awareness and physical activity among Japanese undergraduate rehabilitation students. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:106-111. [PMID: 33642683 PMCID: PMC7897530 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We aimed to investigate students' awareness of their general physical activity and current physical activity habits. [Participants and Methods] One hundred and eighteen undergraduate students in rehabilitation courses volunteered to participate in this survey. The participants were required to answer a questionnaire related to their health awareness and physical activity habits. A χ2 test was used to demonstrate the relationships between each category of the selected items. [Results] Undergraduate rehabilitation students felt very or moderately healthy when asked to subjectively describe the current condition of their health. Most of them liked and had more interest in exercise or sports activities. However, more than 60% of them felt that their participation in physical activities had decreased since they entered college. [Conclusion] Undergraduate students in rehabilitation courses lacked motivation to exercise and participate in physical activities in college. Students who did not have a habit of exercising or participating in sports activities may have lacked motivation because they were busy with school; however, they had a high level of positivity towards exercise or sports activities. Therefore, it is important for them to actively participate in exercise and/or physical activity with a specific purpose in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare: 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Keita Shimura
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare: 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Yuri Inoue
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare: 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
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Ozaslan B, Patek SD, Breton MD. Impact of Daily Physical Activity as Measured by Commonly Available Wearables on Mealtime Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2020; 22:742-748. [PMID: 32105515 PMCID: PMC7591370 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2019.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In contrast with exercise, or structured physical activity (PA), glycemic disturbances due to daily unstructured PA in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is largely underresearched, with limited information on treatment recommendations. We present results from retrospective analysis of data collected under patients' free-living conditions that illuminate the association between PA, as measured by an off-the-shelf activity tracker, and postprandial blood glucose control. Research Design and Methods: Data from 37 patients with T1D during two clinical studies with identical data collection protocols were analyzed retrospectively: 4 weeks of continuous glucose monitoring, carbohydrate intake, insulin injections, and PA (assessed through wearable activity tracker) were collected in free-living conditions. Five-hour glucose area under curves (GAUCs) following the last-bolused meal of every day were computed to assess postprandial glucose excursions, and their relation with corresponding antecedent PA was analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression models, accounting for meal, insulin, and current glycemic state. Results: Datasets yielded 845 days of data from 37 subjects (22.8 ± 11.6 days/subject); postmeal GAUC was negatively associated with total daily PA measured by step count (P = 0.025), and total time spent performing higher than light-intensity PA (P = 0.042). Patients with higher median total daily PA exhibited lower average postprandial GAUC (P < 0.01). Additional analyses indicated that daily PA likely presents an immediate and delayed impact on glucose control. Conclusion: Daily PA assessed by commonly available sensors is significantly associated with glycemic exposure after an evening meal, indicating that quantitative assessment of PA may be useful in mealtime treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Ozaslan
- Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Marc D. Breton
- Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Address correspondence to: Marc D. Breton, PhD, Center for Diabetes Technology Research, Department of Psychiatric & Neurobehavioral Sciences, P.O. Box 400888, Charlottesville, VA 22908-4888
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Soroka A, Godlewska A, Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk E, Kozioł P. Identification of motives and barriers to physical activity of polish young mothers. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:197. [PMID: 32917211 PMCID: PMC7488306 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to determine the level of physical activity of young mothers living in rural and urban areas and their free time budget. The article also aims to indicate motivating factors and barriers encountered during physical activity. METHODS A diagnostic survey method, including two survey IPAQ questionnaires - the long version and author's questionnaire, has been applied in the study. A representative sample consisted of 1064 young mothers who gave birth in 2017. Student T test and discriminate function analysis have been used in statistical analysis. RESULTS No significant difference appeared between young mothers from rural areas and urban areas in the level of physical activity. At the same time, the authors of the study identified several smaller differences when analyzing particular aspects of physical activity. Young mothers from rural areas more often declared their participation in physical activity to improve their physical condition and reduce pain complaints. On the other hand, young mothers from urban areas emphasized that physical activity helps them to strengthen self-confidence and improve their position in the family. In case of the main barriers to physical activity, both group of respondents pointed to the lack of money and interest in occasional events. CONCLUSIONS The main conclusion is that more efforts are needed is to strengthen family support and material status of young families. It is also important to eliminate infrastructure barriers, mostly in rural areas and raise awareness on the importance of health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Soroka
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Godlewska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Paulina Kozioł
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
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Albright C, Jerome GJ. The Accuracy of Talking Pedometers when used during Free-Living: A Comparison of Four Devices. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x1110500507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Albright
- Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, Immaculata University, 1145 King Road, Immaculata, PA 19345
| | - Gerald J. Jerome
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252
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Hasan H, Attlee A, Jan Bin Jan Mohamed H, Aris N, Bin Wan Muda WAM. Counting Footsteps with a Pedometer to Improve HMW Adiponectin and Metabolic Syndrome among Young Female Adults in the United Arab Emirates. J Obes 2018; 2018:1597840. [PMID: 30631594 PMCID: PMC6304855 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1597840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity (PA) may improve cardiometabolic fitness and increase high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-Adip). The pedometer is an effective, user-friendly device to monitor PA with the aim of improving health. This study examined how counting footsteps, using a pedometer, might affect HMW-Adip and MetS components among young females. Methods Fifty-two females (21.43 ± 4.8 years) were divided into "normal" (BMI = 18-24.9 kg/m2) and "high" (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) BMI groups. Participants wore pedometers throughout the day for nine weeks. Pre-post intervention tests performed on anthropometric, biochemical, and nutrient intake variables were tested at p ≤ 0.05. Results Participants walked 7056 ± 1570 footsteps/day without a significant difference between normal (7488.49 ± 1098) and high (6739.18 ± 1793) BMI groups. After week 9, the normal BMI group improved significantly in BMI, body fat mass (BFM), and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Additionally, percent body fat, waist circumference (WC), and visceral fat area also reduced significantly in the high BMI group. A significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) (71.62 ± 29.22 vs. 62.50 ± 29.16 mg/dl, p=0.003) and insulin (21.7 ± 8.33 µU/l vs. 18.64 ± 8.25 µU/l, p=0.046) and increase in HMW-Adip (3.77 ± 0.46 vs. 3.80 ± 0.44 μg/ml, p=0.034) were recorded in the high BMI group. All participants exhibited significant inverse correlations between daily footsteps and BMI (r=-0.33, p=0.017), BFM (r=-0.29, p=0.037), WHR (r=-0.401, p=0.003), and MetS score (r=-0.49, p < 0.001) and positive correlation with HMW-Adip (r=0.331, p=0.017). A positive correlation with systolic (r=0.46, p=0.011) and diastolic (r=0.39, p=0.031) blood pressures and inverse correlation with the MetS score (r=-0.5, p=0.005) were evident in the high BMI group. Conclusion Counting footsteps using a pedometer is effective in improving MetS components (obesity, TG) and increasing HMW-Adip levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Amita Attlee
- Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Nutrition and Health Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | | | - Norliyana Aris
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Ahmed D, Roy D, Cassol E. Examining Relationships between Metabolism and Persistent Inflammation in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6238978. [PMID: 30363715 PMCID: PMC6181007 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6238978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals are now living longer and healthier lives. However, ART does not completely restore health and treated individuals are experiencing increased rates of noncommunicable diseases such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. While it is well known that persistent immune activation and inflammation contribute to the development of these comorbid diseases, the mechanisms underlying this chronic activation remain incompletely understood. In this review, we will discuss emerging evidence that suggests that alterations in cellular metabolism may play a central role in driving this immune dysfunction in HIV patients on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Roy
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hekler EB, Rivera DE, Martin CA, Phatak SS, Freigoun MT, Korinek E, Klasnja P, Adams MA, Buman MP. Tutorial for Using Control Systems Engineering to Optimize Adaptive Mobile Health Interventions. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e214. [PMID: 29954725 PMCID: PMC6043734 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive behavioral interventions are individualized interventions that vary support based on a person's evolving needs. Digital technologies enable these adaptive interventions to function at scale. Adaptive interventions show great promise for producing better results compared with static interventions related to health outcomes. Our central thesis is that adaptive interventions are more likely to succeed at helping individuals meet and maintain behavioral targets if its elements can be iteratively improved via data-driven testing (ie, optimization). Control systems engineering is a discipline focused on decision making in systems that change over time and has a wealth of methods that could be useful for optimizing adaptive interventions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to provide an introductory tutorial on when and what to do when using control systems engineering for designing and optimizing adaptive mobile health (mHealth) behavioral interventions. OVERVIEW We start with a review of the need for optimization, building on the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST). We then provide an overview of control systems engineering, followed by attributes of problems that are well matched to control engineering. Key steps in the development and optimization of an adaptive intervention from a control engineering perspective are then summarized, with a focus on why, what, and when to do subtasks in each step. IMPLICATIONS Control engineering offers exciting opportunities for optimizing individualization and adaptation elements of adaptive interventions. Arguably, the time is now for control systems engineers and behavioral and health scientists to partner to advance interventions that can be individualized, adaptive, and scalable. This tutorial should aid in creating the bridge between these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Hekler
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- School of Nutrition & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Daniel E Rivera
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Cesar A Martin
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Facultad de Ingenieria en Electricidad y Computacion, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL Polytechnic University), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Sayali S Phatak
- School of Nutrition & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Mohammad T Freigoun
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Elizabeth Korinek
- School of Nutrition & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Predrag Klasnja
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marc A Adams
- School of Nutrition & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew P Buman
- School of Nutrition & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Effect of the menopausal transition and physical activity energy expenditure on inflammatory markers: a MONET group study. Menopause 2018; 23:1330-1338. [PMID: 27529462 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopausal transition is usually associated with changes in body composition and a decrease in physical activity energy expenditure. Adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, is an important source of inflammatory markers, which contributes to the development of a proinflammatory state. Conversely, high levels of physical activity and exercise have an anti-inflammatory effect. This study aimed to investigate the impact of menopausal transition and physical activity on inflammatory makers. METHODS One hundred two healthy premenopausal women participated in a 5-year longitudinal study. The present secondary analyses were performed on 58 participants with a full set of data (age: 49.6 ± 1.7 y; body mass index: 23.3 ± 2.4 kg/m). Measures included body composition, waist circumference, fasting glucose and insulin levels, insulin sensitivity, plasma lipid levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity energy expenditure, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS Repeated measure analyses revealed, after the 5-year follow-up, significant increases in ferritin, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) (P < 0.001), and a significant decrease in serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between change (year 5 to baseline) in waist circumference and changes in high-sensitive C-reactive protein, orosomucoid (ORM), haptoglobin, and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels (0.26 ≤ r ≤ 0.34; P < 0.05), and between change in peripheral fat and changes in ORM, ApoB, sTNFR2 (0.28 ≤ r ≤ 0.39; P < 0.05). On the contrary, negative correlations were found between change in physical activity energy expenditure and changes in ORM as well as ApoB (r = -0.35 and r = -0.36, respectively; P < 0.05). No significant correlations were found between change in cardiorespiratory fitness, glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity and changes in inflammatory markers. Multiple regression analyses showed that changes in physical activity energy expenditure and waist circumference together explained 23% of the individual variance of change in ORM (P < 0.05). Also, change in physical activity energy expenditure explained 15% (P < 0.05) of the variance of change in ApoB. Fat mass change explained 15% (P < 0.05) of the variance of change in IL-8, and finally change in peripheral fat explained 15% of variance of change in sTNFR2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that the menopausal transition is accompanied by an increase in inflammatory markers, namely ferritin, IL-8, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2. The increase in IL-8 and sTNFR2 with menopause could be explained, in part, by changes in fat mass and peripheral fat, respectively.
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Leeners B, Geary N, Tobler PN, Asarian L. Ovarian hormones and obesity. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:300-321. [PMID: 28333235 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake, i.e. eating and energy expenditure (EE). Severe obesity is more prevalent in women than men worldwide, and obesity pathophysiology and the resultant obesity-related disease risks differ in women and men. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Pre-clinical and clinical research indicate that ovarian hormones may play a major role. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We systematically reviewed the clinical and pre-clinical literature on the effects of ovarian hormones on the physiology of adipose tissue (AT) and the regulation of AT mass by energy intake and EE. SEARCH METHODS Articles in English indexed in PubMed through January 2016 were searched using keywords related to: (i) reproductive hormones, (ii) weight regulation and (iii) central nervous system. We sought to identify emerging research foci with clinical translational potential rather than to provide a comprehensive review. OUTCOMES We find that estrogens play a leading role in the causes and consequences of female obesity. With respect to adiposity, estrogens synergize with AT genes to increase gluteofemoral subcutaneous AT mass and decrease central AT mass in reproductive-age women, which leads to protective cardiometabolic effects. Loss of estrogens after menopause, independent of aging, increases total AT mass and decreases lean body mass, so that there is little net effect on body weight. Menopause also partially reverses women's protective AT distribution. These effects can be counteracted by estrogen treatment. With respect to eating, increasing estrogen levels progressively decrease eating during the follicular and peri-ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Progestin levels are associated with eating during the luteal phase, but there does not appear to be a causal relationship. Progestins may increase binge eating and eating stimulated by negative emotional states during the luteal phase. Pre-clinical research indicates that one mechanism for the pre-ovulatory decrease in eating is a central action of estrogens to increase the satiating potency of the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin. Another mechanism involves a decrease in the preference for sweet foods during the follicular phase. Genetic defects in brain α-melanocycte-stimulating hormone-melanocortin receptor (melanocortin 4 receptor, MC4R) signaling lead to a syndrome of overeating and obesity that is particularly pronounced in women and in female animals. The syndrome appears around puberty in mice with genetic deletions of MC4R, suggesting a role of ovarian hormones. Emerging functional brain-imaging data indicates that fluctuations in ovarian hormones affect eating by influencing striatal dopaminergic processing of flavor hedonics and lateral prefrontal cortex processing of cognitive inhibitory controls of eating. There is a dearth of research on the neuroendocrine control of eating after menopause. There is also comparatively little research on the effects of ovarian hormones on EE, although changes in ovarian hormone levels during the menstrual cycle do affect resting EE. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The markedly greater obesity burden in women makes understanding the diverse effects of ovarian hormones on eating, EE and body adiposity urgent research challenges. A variety of research modalities can be used to investigate these effects in women, and most of the mechanisms reviewed are accessible in animal models. Therefore, human and translational research on the roles of ovarian hormones in women's obesity and its causes should be intensified to gain further mechanistic insights that may ultimately be translated into novel anti-obesity therapies and thereby improve women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Leeners
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstr. 10, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nori Geary
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lori Asarian
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Influence of the level of physical activity on physical fitness, lipid profile and health outcomes in overweight/obese adults with similar nutritional status. Sci Sports 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zucatti ATN, de Paula TP, Viana LV, DallAgnol R, Cureau FV, Azevedo MJ, Gross JL, Schaan BD, Leitao CB. Low Levels of Usual Physical Activity Are Associated with Higher 24 h Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:6232674. [PMID: 29018827 PMCID: PMC5606041 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6232674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between usual physical activity and 24 h blood pressure (BP) profile in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a cross-sectional study of 151 participants with type 2 DM. Usual physical activity was assessed by step counting and self-reported questionnaire. BP was measured in office and by 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM; 24 h, daytime and nighttime). Mean participant age was 61.1 ± 8.4 years, 64% was women, and mean duration of diabetes was 14.3 ± 8.5 years. Ninety-two percent of participants had hypertension, and office BP was 138 ± 18/78 ± 10 mmHg. Inverse correlations were observed between step count and 24 h BP (systolic, r = -0.186; p = 0.022), daytime BP (systolic, r = -0.198; p = 0.015), and nighttime BP (pulse pressure, r = -0.190; p = 0.019). People were categorized into tertiles of daily step count, and the 1st tertile had higher 24 h systolic BP, daytime systolic BP, daytime mean BP, and daytime systolic BP load than those in the other tertiles, even after adjusting for age and HbA1c. Participants with type 2 DM and low levels of physical activity exhibit higher 24 h and daytime systolic ambulatory BP values as compared with those who performed more steps per day, even after adjustments for confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Pedroso de Paula
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Verçoza Viana
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael DallAgnol
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vogt Cureau
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirela Jobim Azevedo
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Gross
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D. Schaan
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitao
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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An Evaluation of the Significance of Work-Related Influence Factors on Fitness and the Development of Medical and Orthopaedic Conditions in Military Executives. ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:3929104. [PMID: 27774505 PMCID: PMC5059610 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3929104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational health promotion is an effective tool to improve the state of health of employees. As part of occupational health promotion in the German Bundeswehr, top-ranking military executives are offered a medical examination and training programme. Health-related data is collected as a basis for training and lifestyle counselling. This data was subjected to a retrospective evaluation in order to identify occupational risk factors and their correlation with cardiovascular resilience, trunk strength, and the development of orthopaedic and internal disorders. A total of 122 military executives (all male, age 54.6 ± 4.2 years) answered a questionnaire aimed at evaluating private and occupational stress factors. The medical history was followed by a medical and orthopaedic examination involving a lactate performance test (treadmill or bicycle ergometry) and an isometric trunk strength measurement. The data obtained was then statistically evaluated. For military executives, work-related travelling and commuting involve a high risk of medical and orthopaedic conditions. Regular exercise leads to improved fitness levels. In order to prevent medical problems, military executives working long hours should regularly take part in fitness and weight training under professional instructions.
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Fulton JE, Carlson SA, Ainsworth BE, Berrigan D, Carlson C, Dorn JM, Heath GW, Kohl HW, Lee IM, Lee SM, Másse LC, Morrow JR, Gabriel KP, Pivarnik JM, Pronk NP, Rodgers AB, Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Troiano RP, Tudor-Locke C, Wendel A. Strategic Priorities for Physical Activity Surveillance in the United States. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:2057-69. [PMID: 27187094 PMCID: PMC10986675 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Develop strategic priorities to guide future physical activity surveillance in the United States. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine convened a scientific roundtable of physical activity and measurement experts. Participants summarized the current state of aerobic physical activity surveillance for adults, focusing on practice and research needs in three areas: 1) behavior, 2) human movement, and 3) community supports. Needs and challenges for each area were identified. At the conclusion of the meeting, experts identified one overarching strategy and five strategic priorities to guide future surveillance. RESULTS The identified overarching strategy was to develop a national plan for physical activity surveillance similar to the U.S. National Physical Activity Plan for promotion. The purpose of the plan would be to enhance coordination and collaboration within and between sectors, such as transportation and public health, and to address specific strategic priorities identified at the roundtable. These strategic priorities were used 1) to identify and prioritize physical activity constructs; 2) to assess the psychometric properties of instruments for physical activity surveillance; 3) to provide training and technical assistance for those collecting, analyzing, or interpreting surveillance data; 4) to explore accessing data from alternative sources; and 5) to improve communication, translation, and dissemination about estimates of physical activity from surveillance systems. CONCLUSION This roundtable provided strategic priorities for physical activity surveillance in the United States. A first step is to develop a national plan for physical activity surveillance that would provide an operating framework from which to execute these priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Fulton
- 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; 2Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ; 3National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; 4Merrimack College, N. Andover, MA England College, Henniker, NH; 5University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN; 6University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX; 7University of Texas, Austin, TX; 8Harvard University, Boston, MA; 9University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CANADA; 10Child and Family Research Institute at the British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, CANADA; 11University of North Texas, Denton, TX; 12Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; 13HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN; 14Harvard University, Boston, MA; 15Consultant for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Falls Church, VA; 16University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA; 17University of California of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; 18University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; and 19Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA
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Prince SA, Reed JL, Martinello N, Adamo KB, Fodor JG, Hiremath S, Kristjansson EA, Mullen KA, Nerenberg KA, Tulloch HE, Reid RD. Why are adult women physically active? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies to identify intrapersonal, social environmental and physical environmental determinants. Obes Rev 2016; 17:919-44. [PMID: 27465602 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically review available evidence from prospective cohort studies to identify intrapersonal, social environmental and physical environmental determinants of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) among working-age women. METHODS Six databases were searched to identify all prospective cohort studies that reported on intrapersonal (e.g. self-efficacy and socioeconomic status [SES]), social (e.g. crime, area SES and social support) and/or physical (e.g. weather, work and recreation) environmental determinants of MVPA in working-age (mean 18-65 years) women. A qualitative synthesis including harvest plots was completed. PROSPERO CRD42014009750 RESULTS: Searching identified 17,387 potential articles; 97 were used in the analysis. The majority (n = 87 studies) reported on ≥1 intrapersonal determinant. Very few (n = 34) examined factors in the social or physical environments, and none looked at social policy. Positive and consistent influencers included higher self-efficacy (n = 18/23), self-rated health (n = 8/13) and intentions (n = 10/11) and perceived behavioural control (n = 5/7) to be physically active. Having children in the household was negatively related to MVPA (n = 9/15). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity intervention studies should consider a woman's level of self-efficacy and perceived behavioural control to be physically active. Additional studies are needed on the impact of children in the household, having a spouse/partner and using group goal setting. More evidence is needed to evaluate the impact of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Prince
- Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - J L Reed
- Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N Martinello
- Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Population Health PhD Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J G Fodor
- Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Hiremath
- Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Riverside Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - K A Mullen
- Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K A Nerenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H E Tulloch
- Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R D Reid
- Division of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Iwasa T, Amiya E, Ando J, Watanabe M, Murasawa T, Komuro I. Different Contributions of Physical Activity on Arterial Stiffness between Diabetics and Non-Diabetics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160632. [PMID: 27508936 PMCID: PMC4980026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the contribution of physical activity to the change in arterial stiffness between patients with and without diabetes in ischemic heart disease. METHODS We studied 96 (diabetes) and 109 (without diabetes) patients with ischemic heart disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) at the first diagnosis of significant coronary ischemia and 6 months after PCI and optimal medical therapy. Physical activity was evaluated using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS CAVI values increased more for diabetic patients than for non-diabetic. The IPAQ scores did not differ between the two groups. During follow-up, CAVI values did not significantly change in either group. In diabetic patients, the CAVI score for 48 patients did not change (NC-group) and 48 patients improved (Improved-group). Physical activity scores were 937.9 ± 923.2 and 1524.6 ± 1166.2 in the NC- and Improved-groups, respectively. IPAQ scores and uric acid levels significantly affect CAVI improvement after adjusting for age, sex, baseline CAVI, total cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION Determining factors influencing CAVI improvement during follow-up were significantly different between patients with and without diabetes. IPAQ scores and uric acid levels were significantly correlated with CAVI changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Oncologic Emergencies, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Amiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Ando
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Murasawa
- Department of Medical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tuominen PPA, Husu P, Raitanen J, Luoto RM. Differences in sedentary time and physical activity among mothers and children using a movement-to-music video program in the home environment: a pilot study. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:93. [PMID: 26848433 PMCID: PMC4729752 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Measured objectively, less than a quarter of adults and under half of preschool children in Finland meet the physical activity recommendations. Moreover, higher sedentary time among parents (such as watching television) is associated with higher sedentary time of their children. The study introduces an intervention based on reducing sedentary behavior among mothers and their children. It utilizes a combination of music and exercise via a motivation-targeting movement-to-music video program in the home environment. Data were collected in summer 2014 from Finland’s Pirkanmaa region. Each mother–child pair (n = 24, child age: 4–7 years) was assigned to the intervention and control group. Both groups used an accelerometer and completed physical activity diaries for two consecutive weeks (14 days) during waking hours. In addition, the intervention group was instructed to use the movement-to-music video program during the second week. Differences between groups were expected in analysis of sedentary time and physical activity between weeks 1 and 2. The parameters assessed were sedentary time (i.e., lying down or sitting), standing still, and time spent in physical activity. Less sedentary time was revealed in week 2 than in week 1 among both intervention group mothers (56.6 vs. 53.3 %) and for intervention group children (49.5 vs. 46.0 %). The opposite was true of control group mothers (52.1 vs. 52.4 %) and children (46.7 vs. 49.8 %). Within-group differences in mothers’ sedentary time correlated moderately with the children’s sedentary time (Spearman’s r = 0.56). All groups exhibited slightly more standing in the second week than in week 1. Both sets of intervention participants also engaged in more light physical activity in week 2, with the opposite evident for the two control sets. In all groups, except the control children, the proportion of moderate to vigorous physical activity was higher in the second week than the first. The use of music and video content together may yield added benefits in efforts to reduce sedentary behavior and increase physical activity among mothers and their children in the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipsa P A Tuominen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, PL 30, 33501 Tampere, Finland ; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, PL 30, 33501 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, PL 30, 33501 Tampere, Finland ; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta M Luoto
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, PL 30, 33501 Tampere, Finland
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Keogh JW, Senior H, Beller EM, Henwood T. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Low Habitual Walking Speed in Nursing Home Residents: An Observational Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Shukla C, Koch LG, Britton SL, Cai M, Hruby VJ, Bednarek M, Novak CM. Contribution of regional brain melanocortin receptor subtypes to elevated activity energy expenditure in lean, active rats. Neuroscience 2015; 310:252-67. [PMID: 26404873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) are crucial factors accounting for individual differences in body weight, interacting with genetic predisposition. In the brain, a number of neuroendocrine intermediates regulate food intake and energy expenditure (EE); this includes the brain melanocortin (MC) system, consisting of MC peptides as well as their receptors (MCR). MC3R and MC4R have emerged as critical modulators of EE and food intake. To determine how variance in MC signaling may underlie individual differences in physical activity levels, we examined behavioral response to MC receptor agonists and antagonists in rats that show high and low levels of physical activity and NEAT, that is, high- and low-capacity runners (HCR, LCR), developed by artificial selection for differential intrinsic aerobic running capacity. Focusing on the hypothalamus, we identified brain region-specific elevations in expression of MCR 3, 4, and also MC5R, in the highly active, lean HCR relative to the less active and obesity-prone LCR. Further, the differences in activity and associated EE as a result of MCR activation or suppression using specific agonists and antagonists were similarly region-specific and directly corresponded to the differential MCR expression patterns. The agonists and antagonists investigated here did not significantly impact food intake at the doses used, suggesting that the differential pattern of receptor expression may by more meaningful to physical activity than to other aspects of energy balance regulation. Thus, MCR-mediated physical activity may be a key neural mechanism in distinguishing the lean phenotype and a target for enhancing physical activity and NEAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States; Harvard Medical School - VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - L G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - S L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - M Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - V J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - M Bednarek
- MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C M Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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Yu LL, Zhang JL, Yan JY, Zhao JS, Wang LS, Zhang BY, Song J. Physical activity level is associated with fasting plasma glucose among women aged 35-55 without diabetes in Shandong, China. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:889-890. [PMID: 26100616 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Long Yu
- Institution of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jun-Li Zhang
- Institution of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Yi Yan
- Institution of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Shan Zhao
- Institution of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Lian-Sen Wang
- Institution of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing-Yin Zhang
- Rencheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'ning, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Song
- Institution of Food and Nutrition, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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30
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Zeba AN, Delisle HF, Renier G. Dietary patterns and physical inactivity, two contributing factors to the double burden of malnutrition among adults in Burkina Faso, West Africa. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e50. [PMID: 26101618 PMCID: PMC4473138 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the northern neighbourhoods of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), to examine the relationship of nutritional deficiencies and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) with lifestyle in adults. We randomly selected 330 households stratified by income tertile. In each income stratum, 110 individuals aged 25-60 years and having lived in Ouagadougou for at least 6 months were randomly selected. We performed anthropometric, dietary intake and physical activity measurements, and blood sample collection. Cluster analysis of dietary intake identified two dietary patterns: 'urban' (29 % of subjects) and 'traditional' (71 %). The 'urban' cluster exhibited a higher intake of fat and sugar, whereas a higher intake of plant protein, complex carbohydrate and fibre was observed in the 'traditional' pattern. Female sex, low income and lack of education were associated with the 'traditional' cluster, as well as Fe and vitamin A deficiency. CMRF prevalence (abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia) was similar in both clusters. Subjects in the 'traditional' cluster spent more time in physical activity and had less sedentary time than those in the 'urban' cluster. 'Traditional' dietary pattern, low income, female sex and sedentary time were significant contributing factors to the double burden of malnutrition. The rapid nutrition transition is reflected in this co-occurrence of CMRF and nutritional deficiencies. This stresses the need for prevention strategies addressing both ends of the nutrition spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin N. Zeba
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3C 3J7
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (IRSS/DRO), 01 BP 545 Bobo Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Hélène F. Delisle
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3C 3J7
| | - Genevieve Renier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC, CanadaH2L 4M1
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Yang SY, Weng PH, Chen JH, Chiou JM, Lew-Ting CY, Chen TF, Sun Y, Wen LL, Yip PK, Chu YM, Chen YC. Leisure activities, apolipoprotein E e4 status, and the risk of dementia. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 114:1216-24. [PMID: 25457293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Leisure activities have been associated with a decreased risk of dementia. However, to date, no study has explored how apolipoprotein E (ApoE) e4 status or vascular risk factors modified the association between leisure activities and dementia risks. METHODS This case-control study recruited patients (age ≥ 60 years) with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 292) and vascular dementia (VaD; n = 144) and healthy controls (n = 506) from three teaching hospitals in Taiwan between 2007 and 2010. Information on patient's leisure activities were obtained through a questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association of leisure activities and ApoE e4 status with the risk of dementia. RESULTS High-frequency physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of AD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.45], and the results become more evident among ApoE e4 carriers with AD (AOR = 0.30) and VaD (AOR = 0.26). Similar findings were observed for cognitive (AOR = 0.42) and social activities (AOR = 0.55) for AD. High-frequency physical, cognitive, and social activities were associated with a decreased risk of VaD (AOR = 0.29-0.60). Physical and social activities significantly interacted with each other on the risk of VaD (pinteraction = 0.04). CONCLUSION Physical activity consistently protects against AD and VaD. Significant interactions were identified across different types of leisure activities in lowering dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ying Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Weng
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hau Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Min Chiou
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yin Lew-Ting
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Keung Yip
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Neurological Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Genes, Environment, and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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de Moura BP, Marins JCB, Franceschini SDCC, Reis JS, Amorim PRDS. Aerobic exercise did not have compensatory effects on physical activity levels in type 2 diabetes patients. J Sports Sci 2014; 33:545-51. [PMID: 25259751 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.951875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although exercise promotes beneficial effects in diabetic patients, some studies have questioned the degree of their importance in terms of the increase in total energy expenditure. In these studies, the decrease of physical activity levels (PAL) was referred as "compensatory effect of exercise". However, our aim was to investigate whether aerobic exercise has compensatory effects on PAL in type 2 diabetes patients. Eight volunteers (51.1 ± 8.2 years) were enrolled in a supervised exercise programme for 8 weeks (3 d · wk(-1), 50-60% of VO2 peak for 30-60 min). PAL was measured using tri-axial accelerometers in the 1st, 8th and 12th weeks. Biochemical tests, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometric assessment and body composition were measured in the 2nd and 11th weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Friedman and Wilcoxon, P < 0.05). We found no significant differences in PAL between intervention periods, and participants spent the majority of their awake time in sedentary activities. However, the exercise programme generated a significant 14.8% increase in VO2 peak and a 15% reduction in fructosamine. The exercise programme had no compensatory effects on PAL in type 2 diabetes patients, but improved their cardiorespiratory fitness and glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pereira de Moura
- a Department of Physical Education, Human Performance Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Brazil
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Kuehnbaum NL, Gillen JB, Gibala MJ, Britz-McKibbin P. Personalized metabolomics for predicting glucose tolerance changes in sedentary women after high-intensity interval training. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6166. [PMID: 25164777 PMCID: PMC4147371 DOI: 10.1038/srep06166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) offers a practical approach for enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness, however its role in improving glucose regulation among sedentary yet normoglycemic women remains unclear. Herein, multi-segment injection capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry is used as a high-throughput platform in metabolomics to assess dynamic responses of overweight/obese women (BMI > 25, n = 11) to standardized oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed before and after a 6-week HIIT intervention. Various statistical methods were used to classify plasma metabolic signatures associated with post-prandial glucose and/or training status when using a repeated measures/cross-over study design. Branched-chain/aromatic amino acids and other intermediates of urea cycle and carnitine metabolism decreased over time in plasma after oral glucose loading. Adaptive exercise-induced changes to plasma thiol redox and orthinine status were measured for trained subjects while at rest in a fasting state. A multi-linear regression model was developed to predict changes in glucose tolerance based on a panel of plasma metabolites measured for naïve subjects in their untrained state. Since treatment outcomes to physical activity are variable between-subjects, prognostic markers offer a novel approach to screen for potential negative responders while designing lifestyle modifications that maximize the salutary benefits of exercise for diabetes prevention on an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Kuehnbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Najafian J, Mohammadifard N, Naeini FF, Nouri F. Relation between usual daily walking time and metabolic syndrome. Niger Med J 2014; 55:29-33. [PMID: 24970966 PMCID: PMC4071659 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.128156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several studies about the positive relation between physical inactivity or low cardio respiratory fitness with development of metabolic syndrome (MS). In contrast, physical activity had favourable effects on all components of MS but the quantity and the frequency of physical activity necessary to produce this beneficial effect has not been defined as yet. The aim of this survey was to study the association of regular physical activity, measured by patient's estimation of walking time per day, with MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). Persons who had no component of MS were considered as reference group. Demographic data were collected by questionnaire. Relation between walking time and MS was evaluated by using logistic regression adjusted by age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), life style and food item. RESULTS The study populations consisted of 4151 persons. Lower physical activity was associated with higher prevalence of MS (P < 0.001). There was a negative relation between the usual daily walking time and MS. Adjusted odds ratio for age groups, sex, SES, life style and food items (fat and oil, sweet and sweet drink, rice and bread, fried food) revealed that MS decreases with increasing walking time (P < 0.05) [OR = 0.70 (0.52-0.94)]. CONCLUSION Total daily walking time is negatively associated with MS and increasing daily walking time is an effective way for preventing MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Najafian
- Assistant Professor of Cardiology, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- MSc Nutrition, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Fatemi Naeini
- Associated Professor of Dermatology Hypertension Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- BS Statistics, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Johari SM, Shahar S. Metabolic syndrome: The association of obesity and unhealthy lifestyle among Malaysian elderly people. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:360-6. [PMID: 24882592 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its predictors among Malaysian elderly. A total of 343 elderly aged ≥ 60 years residing low cost flats in an urban area in the central of Malaysia were invited to participate in health screening in community centers. Subjects were interviewed to obtain socio demography, health status and behavior data. Anthropometric measurements were also measured. A total of 30 ml fasting blood was taken to determine fasting serum lipid, glucose level and oxidative stress. MetS was classified according to The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The prevalence of MetS was 43.4%. More women (48.1%) were affected than men (36.3%) (p<0.05). Being obese or overweight was the strongest predictor for MetS in men and women (p<0.05, both gender). High carbohydrate intake increased risk of MetS in men by 2.8 folds. In women, higher fat free mass index, physical inactivity and good appetite increased risk of MetS by 3.9, 2.1 and 2.3 folds respectively. MetS affected almost half of Malaysian elderly being investigated, especially women, and is associated with obesity and unhealthy lifestyle. It is essential to develop preventive and intervention strategies to curb undesirable consequences associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ida Munira Johari
- Dietetic Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetic Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Newton RL, Han H, Johnson WD, Hickson DA, Church TS, Taylor HA, Tudor-Locke C, Dubbert PM. Steps/day and metabolic syndrome in African American adults: the Jackson Heart Study. Prev Med 2013; 57:855-9. [PMID: 24096141 PMCID: PMC4001862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between pedometer-measured step count data and the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in African American adults. METHOD 379 African American adults (mean age 60.1 years; 60% female) enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (Jackson, MS) from 2000 to 2004 provided sufficient pedometer data for inclusion in this analysis. MetS was classified according to the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention. RESULTS Using steps/day categorized as tertiles (<3717 (referent), 3717-6238, >6238), participants taking 3717-6238 (Odds Ratio (OR)(95% Confidence Interval (CI))=0.34 (0.19, 0.61)) and >6238 steps/day (OR(95% CI)=0.43 (0.23, 0.78)) had lower odds of having MetS compared to participants in the lowest tertile. Using previously suggested steps/day cut-points (<2500 (referent), 2500-4999, 5000-7499, ≥7500), the odds of having MetS were lower for participants taking 2500-4999 (OR(95% CI)=0.32 (0.14, 0.72)), 5000-7499 (OR(95% CI)=0.22 (0.09, 0.53)), and >7500 (OR(95% CI)=0.26 (0.11, 0.65)) steps/day compared to those taking <2500 steps/day. CONCLUSION Compared to lower levels, higher levels of steps/day are associated with a lower prevalence of MetS in this older African American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Newton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Hongmei Han
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - William D. Johnson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - DeMarc A. Hickson
- Jackson State University, 1400 John R. Lynch St., Jackson, MS 39217, USA
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Timothy S. Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Herman A. Taylor
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Patricia M. Dubbert
- South Central VA Mental Illness Research Education & Clinical Center, 2200 Fort Roots Dr., Little Rock, AR 72114, USA
- Little Rock Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Little Rock GRECC (182/LR), Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, #554, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Lwow F, Jedrzejuk D, Dunajska K, Milewicz A, Szmigiero L. Cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with low level of physical activity in postmenopausal Polish women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:683-6. [PMID: 23772779 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.797400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether physical activity level could have an effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Polish postmenopausal women. METHODS We studied the associations of physical activity (PA) level with obesity indices, unfavorable lipid profile parameters and the insulin resistance index HOMA in 343 postmenopausal Polish women selected from an urban population, aged 50-60. RESULTS In the tested sample, a low level of PA significantly increased odds ratios for CVD risk factors such as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), total body fat (TBF) > 75 th percentile, gynoid fat deposit (GFD) > 75 th percentile, total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5 mM, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > 3 mM and HOMA ≥ 1.95. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and some metabolic CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women are directly associated with low PA level. Postmenopausal urban women should be persuaded to be physically active, as even moderate activity level seems to be sufficient to reduce the CVD risk in this group of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lwow
- Department of Health Promotion, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Burn and earn: a randomized controlled trial incentivizing exercise during fall semester for college first-year students. Prev Med 2013; 56:197-201. [PMID: 23295170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the viability of monetary incentives to increase fitness-center use and maintain/improve the Body Mass Indexes (BMIs) of first-year students over the fall semester. METHOD Randomized-controlled trial with no-treatment and incentive conditions involving 117 first-year students. For 12 weeks, students in the incentive condition received monetary payments ranging from $10 to $38.75 for meeting researcher-set fitness-center use goals that were identical across conditions. Fitness-center use was monitored through electronic ID-card check-in and check-out records at the campus fitness center. RESULTS 63% of incentive-condition participants met the weekly fitness-center use goals on average compared to only 13% of control-condition participants, a significant difference, p<0.001. Goal achievement significantly decreased over time, p<0.01 and at roughly the same rate in the control and incentive conditions, p=0.23. Average BMI increases over the fall semester in the control (24.2 (0.6) to 24.6 (0.6)kg/m(2)) versus incentive condition (23.1 (0.4) to 23.5 (0.4)kg/m(2)) were not significantly different (p=0.70). CONCLUSION Weekly monetary incentives resulted in significantly more first-year students meeting weekly fitness-center use goals. However, the increased fitness-center use by the incentive condition did not prevent an increase in BMI during fall semester.
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Women's higher health risks in the obesogenic environment: a gender nutrition approach to metabolic dimorphism with predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine. EPMA J 2013; 4:1. [PMID: 23311512 PMCID: PMC3560240 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Women's evolution for nurturing and fat accumulation, which historically yielded health and longevity advantages against scarcity, may now be counteracted by increasing risks in the obesogenic environment, recently shown by narrowing gender health gap. Women's differential metabolism/disease risks, i.e. in fat accumulation/distribution, exemplified during puberty/adolescence, suggest gender dimorphism with obesity outcomes. Women's higher body fat percentage than men, even with equal body mass index, may be a better risk predictor. Differential metabolic responses to weight-reduction diets, with women's lower abdominal fat loss, better response to high-protein vs. high-carbohydrate diets, higher risks with sedentariness vs. exercise benefits, and tendency toward delayed manifestation of central obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers until menopause-but accelerated thereafter-suggest a need for differing metabolic and chronological perspectives for prevention/intervention. These perspectives, including women's differential responses to lifestyle changes, strongly support further research with a gender nutrition emphasis within predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.
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Individual, social and environmental factors influencing physical activity levels and behaviours of multiethnic socio-economically disadvantaged urban mothers in Canada: a mixed methods approach. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:42. [PMID: 22500882 PMCID: PMC3462678 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing data provide little insight into the physical activity context of multiethnic socio-economically disadvantaged mothers in Canada. Our primary objectives were: (1) to use focus group methodology to develop tools to identify the individual, social, and environmental factors influencing utilitarian and leisure time physical activities (LTPA) of multiethnic SED mothers; and (2) to use a women specific physical activity survey tool to assess psychosocial barriers and supports and to quantify individual physical activity (PA) levels of multi-ethnic SED mothers in Canada. Methods Qualitative focus group sessions were conducted in West, Central and Eastern Canada with multiethnic SED mothers (n = 6 focus groups; n = 42 SED mothers) and with health and recreation professionals (HRPs) (n = 5 focus groups; n = 25 HRPs) involved in community PA programming for multiethnic SED mothers. Administration of the women specific Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) tool was completed by consenting SED mothers (n = 59). Results More than half of SED mothers were employed and had higher total PA scores with occupation included than unemployed mothers. However, nearly 60% of both groups were overweight or obese. Barriers to LTPA included the lack of available, affordable and accessible LTPA programs that responded to cultural and social needs. Concerns for safety, nonsupportive cultural and social norms and the winter climate were identified as key barriers to both utilitarian and LTPA. Conclusions Findings show that multiethnic SED mothers experience many barriers to utilitarian and LTPA opportunities within their communities. The varying LTPA levels among these multi-ethnic SED mothers and the occurrence of overweight and obesity suggests that current LTPA programs are likely insufficient to maintain healthy body weights.
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Ambulatory activity associations with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in smokers. J Phys Act Health 2012; 8:994-1003. [PMID: 21885891 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.8.7.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between ambulatory activity and biological markers of health in smokers. METHODS Baseline data from 985 subjects enrolled in a pharmacologic smoking cessation trial were examined. Body size, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total and small LDL particles, LDL size, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were assessed in relation to pedometer-assessed ambulatory activity, as was the odds of metabolic syndrome and CRP > 3 mg/L. Effect modification by gender was examined. RESULTS Only waist circumference was lower with greater steps/day in the men and women combined (P(trend) < 0.001). No other significant relationships were noted in men, while women with ≥ 7500 steps/day had lower weight, BMI, CRP, TG, total, and small LDL particles compared with those with < 7500 steps/day. These women also had 62% and 43% lower odds of metabolic syndrome and elevated CRP, respectively, compared with the less active women. Adjustment for BMI attenuated all the associations seen in women. CONCLUSIONS Greater ambulatory activity is associated with lower levels of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in female smokers which may, in part, be mediated by a reduction in BMI.
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Hedayati KK, Dittmar M. Body circumferences are predictors of weight adjusted resting energy expenditure in older people. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:803-8. [PMID: 22159765 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate predictors of resting energy expenditure (REE) in older people which are more comfortable for them than indirect calorimetry and which are suitable for field studies. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Department of Human Biology, Kiel University. PARTICIPANTS 100 (51 males, 49 females) healthy independently-living normal-weight (BMI, males 26.0±2.67 kg/m², females 25.0±3.29 kg/m²) Germans, aged 60-83 years. MEASUREMENTS REE, body composition, anthropometry, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and physical activity level were determined using indirect calorimetry, bioimpedance analysis, anthropometrics, peak-flow-meter, and standardized questionnaire, respectively. Stepwise linear multiple regression analysis was performed with REE or weight adjusted REE as dependent variables. Independent variables were body height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, abdomen circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lean body mass (LBM), PEF, and physical activity level. RESULTS The only significant predictor of REE was LBM in males and BMI in females. Trunk circumferences emerged as strong predictors of weight adjusted REE. Abdomen circumference and hip circumference explained in males and females 69% and 70% of variation in adjusted REE, respectively. Weaker predictors were LBM in males (R² increased from 0.69 to 0.80) as well as body height and BMI in females (R² increased from 0.70 to 0.91). Waist circumference, WHR, physical activity level, and PEF were no significant determinants of adjusted REE. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that trunk circumferences, but not WHR, are very strong predictors of weight adjusted REE in non-geriatric older people. This implies that the sex-specific use of abdomen or hip circumference in combination with LBM or body height and BMI seems to be well sufficient to predict weight adjusted REE in the aged. These measures might also be of clinical relevance, because they are more comfortable for older sick people than indirect calorimetry. Further studies are needed to test the applicability of the prediction equations to frail older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khalaj Hedayati
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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Lee RE, Mama SK, Medina AV, Reese-Smith JY, Banda JA, Layne CS, Baxter M, O'Connor DP, McNeill L, Estabrooks PA. Multiple measures of physical activity, dietary habits and weight status in African American and Hispanic or Latina women. J Community Health 2011; 36:1011-23. [PMID: 21519867 PMCID: PMC4535354 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-011-9403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared measures of physical activity and dietary habits used in the Health Is Power (HIP) study, and described the associations of physical activity and dietary habits among African American and Hispanic or Latino women, adjusted for weight status. Cross-sectional baseline data were compared for community dwelling, healthy African American (N = 262) and Hispanic or Latina women (N = 148) who participated in HIP. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long form, the Check And Line Questionnaire (CALQ) log and accelerometry. Dietary habits were measured using NCI 24-h recall screeners, vegetable and fruit (VF) logs and the NCI Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ). Differences in physical activity and dietary habits were assessed using simultaneous 2 (ethnicity) × 3 (weight status) ANCOVAs adjusted for age and socioeconomic status. Women (M age = 44.4 ± 10.9 years) were obese (M = 34.0 ± 9.7 kg/m(2)), did not meet physical activity guidelines as measured by accelerometry (M = 19.4 ± 19.1 min MVPA/day) and ate few VF (M = 2.8 ± 2.7 servings/day). DHQ variables differed by weight status. IPAQ was associated with CALQ, and CALQ with accelerometry (P < .05). IPAQ was not associated with accelerometry. Regardless of ethnicity, normal weight women did more physical activity, reported more VF consumption, and consumed more fat calories than overweight and obese women (Ps < .05). African American women did more MVPA than Hispanic or Latino women (P < .001). Relationships between behaviors and weight status suggest accelerometry and DHQ are preferable, regardless of ethnicity; and studies may capture different domains of physical activity and dietary habits depending on measure used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Lee
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas Obesity Research Center, University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Garrison Rm 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
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Wong N, Fam BC, Cempako GR, Steinberg GR, Walder K, Kay TW, Proietto J, Andrikopoulos S. Deficiency in interferon-gamma results in reduced body weight and better glucose tolerance in mice. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3690-9. [PMID: 21791564 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease caused by increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. Studies using animal models with deletion of inflammatory cytokines have produced conflicting results with some showing increased weight gain and others showing no effect or even reduced body weights. Clearly, more work is necessary to understand the role of cytokines on body weight control. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of interferon-γ deletion (IFNγ(-/-)) on body weight regulation and glucose metabolism. Male IFNγ(-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat chow diet, and body weight, food intake, and energy expenditure were monitored over 20 wk. At the end of the study, ip glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, basal glucose turnover, and hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamps were performed. Expression levels of arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide, and proopiomelanocortin mRNA as well as circulating leptin levels were also determined. IFNγ(-/-) mice had improved glucose tolerance with reduced rate of glucose appearance and increased insulin sensitivity due to greater suppression of endogenous glucose output, which was associated with decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, we also observed reduced body weight associated with decreased food intake and increased physical activity. Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide mRNA expression was reduced, whereas proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression was increased, as were plasma leptin levels. Global deletion of IFNγ in mice resulted in reduced body weight associated with negative energy balance, improved glucose tolerance, and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that IFNγ plays a critical role in the regulation of body weight and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wong
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health and Northern Health), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria 3081, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Specific characteristics of physical activity limitations associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) remain unclear. Our purpose was to examine the impact of MS disability on physical activity behaviors involving ambulation. We also explored relationships among ambulatory activity parameters and clinical measures of gait, balance, and fatigue. METHODS Twenty-one adults with MS participated: 11 without ambulatory limitation (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score ≤ 4.5) and 10 with ambulatory limitation (EDSS score > 4.5). Participants wore a step activity monitor for up to 7 days. Daily values were calculated for parameters indicative of (1) overall activity, (2) upper limits of activity output, and (3) activity work-rest cycles. Clinical measures included Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale, Timed 25-Foot Walk, Timed Up and Go test, 6-Minute Walk, Dynamic Gait Index, Berg Balance Scale, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Participants without limitation were more active, demonstrated higher upper limits of activity output, and had longer activity bouts than participants with limitation (P < 0.05). Only 1 participant averaged more than 100 steps per minute over a 30-minute period. Of the ambulatory activity parameters, daily step count was most strongly related to gait and balance measures. Of the clinical measures, EDSS and Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale scores were most strongly related to daily step count. CONCLUSION Individuals with MS are not necessarily sedentary, but few may achieve recommended daily physical activity levels. Ambulatory activity characteristics revealed new insights into physical activity limitations in MS. The study findings suggest that disability status should direct physical activity interventions.
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Association of the metabolic syndrome with physical activity performance in patients with schizophrenia. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2011; 37:318-23. [PMID: 21393044 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) limits physical activity (PA) in patients with schizophrenia. A secondary aim was to investigate cross-sectional associations of leisure-time PA, sports participation and PA performance with MetS parameters. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia who had MetS (n=37) were compared with those without MetS (n=69). Patients were assessed for PA performance using a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and PA participation using the Baecke PA questionnaire, as well as for antipsychotic medication dose (expressed in chlorpromazine equivalents), negative symptoms and smoking behaviour. RESULTS The two patient groups were similar in age, gender, mean antipsychotic medication dose, negative symptomatology and smoking behaviour. Distance achieved on the 6MWT was 13.7% shorter (P<0.001) in patients with versus patients without MetS (527.6±108.9 m vs 610.0±93.7 m, respectively). Patients with MetS were also significantly less involved in sports activities (P=0.001) and less physically active during leisure time (P=0.002). Also, the distance of the 6MWT was moderately correlated with body mass index (r=-0.44, P<0.001), waist circumference (r=-0.43, P<0.001), sports participation (r=0.60, P<0.001) and leisure-time PA (r=0.42, P<0.001). CONCLUSION MetS is associated with poorer PA performance in patients with schizophrenia. The additional burden of MetS places patients with schizophrenia at even greater risk for physical and functional limitations in daily life.
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Novak CM, Escande C, Burghardt PR, Zhang M, Barbosa MT, Chini EN, Britton SL, Koch LG, Akil H, Levine JA. Spontaneous activity, economy of activity, and resistance to diet-induced obesity in rats bred for high intrinsic aerobic capacity. Horm Behav 2010; 58:355-67. [PMID: 20350549 PMCID: PMC2923555 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Though obesity is common, some people remain resistant to weight gain even in an obesogenic environment. The propensity to remain lean may be partly associated with high endurance capacity along with high spontaneous physical activity and the energy expenditure of activity, called non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). Previous studies have shown that high-capacity running rats (HCR) are lean compared to low-capacity runners (LCR), which are susceptible to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Here, we examine the effect of diet on spontaneous activity and NEAT, as well as potential mechanisms underlying these traits, in rats selectively bred for high or low intrinsic aerobic endurance capacity. Compared to LCR, HCR were resistant to the sizeable increases in body mass and fat mass induced by a high-fat diet; HCR also had lower levels of circulating leptin. HCR were consistently more active than LCR, and had lower fuel economy of activity, regardless of diet. Nonetheless, both HCR and LCR showed a similar decrease in daily activity levels after high-fat feeding, as well as decreases in hypothalamic orexin-A content. The HCR were more sensitive to the NEAT-activating effects of intra-paraventricular orexin-A compared to LCR, especially after high-fat feeding. Lastly, levels of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) in the skeletal muscle of HCR were consistently higher than LCR, and the high-fat diet decreased skeletal muscle PEPCK-C in both groups of rats. Differences in muscle PEPCK were not secondary to the differing amount of activity. This suggests the possibility that intrinsic differences in physical activity levels may originate at the level of the skeletal muscle, which could alter brain responsiveness to neuropeptides and other factors that regulate spontaneous daily activity and NEAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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Sisson SB, Camhi SM, Church TS, Tudor-Locke C, Johnson WD, Katzmarzyk PT. Accelerometer-determined steps/day and metabolic syndrome. Am J Prev Med 2010; 38:575-82. [PMID: 20494233 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of knowledge about the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and the odds of having metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate associations between accelerometer-determined steps/day and the odds of having MetS and its individual CVD risk factors in the U.S. population. METHODS Adults in 2005-2006 NHANES with accelerometer-determined steps/day and measurements necessary to determine MetS by AHA/NHLBI were included (n=1446, 48.2% men, 33.5% with MetS, mean age=47.5 years, mean BMI=28.7 kg/m(2)). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of having MetS or abnormal CVD risk factors from incrementally higher levels of steps/day. RESULTS MetS prevalence decreased as steps/day increased (p<0.0001), with 55.7% of participants in the lowest categoric level of steps/day and 13.3% in the highest level having MetS. The odds of having MetS were 10% lower for each additional 1000 steps/day (OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.86, 0.93). The likelihood of having MetS was OR=0.28 (95% CI=0.18, 0.44) for active to highly active and 0.60 (0.43, 0.82) for low to somewhat-active compared to sedentary adults (p<0.0001). Adults who took more steps/day tended to have lower waist circumference, higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, and lower levels of triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Adults who maintain an active lifestyle by accumulating more steps are likely to have a lower prevalence of MetS and its individual CVD risk factors. Although other concomitant lifestyle behaviors may influence this lower prevalence, the evidence presented here on steps/day and metabolic syndrome, and elsewhere on physical activity and other health and disease states, suggest that it is a fundamental component of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Sisson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
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Association between physical activity energy expenditure and inflammatory markers in sedentary overweight and obese women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34:1387-95. [PMID: 20368709 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic subclinical inflammation and regular physical activity have opposing relationships to obesity-related metabolic diseases. Yet, the association between chronic inflammation and physical activity has rarely been examined in obese subjects. We examined the association between physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), total (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO(2)peak) with inflammatory markers in overweight/obese women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The study included 152 overweight/obese postmenopausal women who were sedentary and free of chronic/inflammatory diseases (mean age: 57.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.7-58.3) years, body mass index (BMI): 32.5 (95% CI 31.8-33.2) kg m(-2)). The following parameters were measured: TEE (doubly labeled water), REE (indirect calorimetry), PAEE (as (TEE x 0.90)-REE), VO(2)peak (ergocycle) and serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), haptoglobin, soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 (sTNFR1), interleukin-6, orosomucoid and white blood cells. RESULTS Sedentary women with the highest tertile of PAEE (1276 (1233-1319) kcal day(-1)) had lower concentrations of hsCRP and haptoglobin than those in the lowest tertile (587 (553-621) kcal day(-1)) after adjustment for fat mass (P<0.05). Soluble TNFR1 was positively correlated with VO(2)peak, TEE and REE (P<0.05), and hsCRP and orosomucoid were positively associated with REE (P<0.01), whereas haptoglobin was negatively associated with PAEE (P<0.05). In stepwise regression analyses that examined the concomitant associations of components of energy expenditure with inflammatory markers, PAEE remained the only predictor of hsCRP and haptoglobin (P<0.05), explaining 14 and 5%, respectively, of their variation,whereas REE was the only predictor of orosomucoid (r (2) = 0.05, P = 0.02) after adjustment for fat mass. Adding leptin to the regression models results in similar relationships between inflammatory markers and components of energy expenditure. CONCLUSION PAEE is an independent predictor of hsCRP and haptoglobin in sedentary overweight/obese postmenopausal women free of chronic disease. Our data support the role of physical activity in reducing subclinical inflammation and risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Studnek JR, Bentley M, Crawford JM, Fernandez AR. An assessment of key health indicators among emergency medical services professionals. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2010; 14:14-20. [PMID: 19947862 DOI: 10.3109/10903120903144957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ensuring the health and productivity of emergency medical services (EMS) professionals is important. However, there has been no known national baseline assessment of the health and wellness of EMS professionals in the United States. According to Healthy People 2010, top indicators of personal health include physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and smoking prevalence. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study included quantifying existing health conditions and describing key health indicators among EMS professionals. It was hypothesized that work-life characteristics were associated with existing health conditions and key health indicators. METHODS Data utilized for this analysis were obtained from a 2007 questionnaire included in biennial national recertification packets. This questionnaire utilized validated items from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the Longitudinal EMT Attributes and Demographics Study (LEADS). Along with common demographic characteristics, items inquired about existing health conditions (diabetes, asthma, hypertension, myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, and/or high blood cholesterol level), general health, physical activity, and smoking status. Descriptive analyses were performed utilizing chi-square tests, and logistic regression was utilized to describe associations between existing health conditions and the key health indicators. RESULTS There were 58,435 individuals who became recertified in 2007, with 30,560 (52%) returning questionnaires. Individuals with missing data were removed, leaving 19,960 individual records. There were 4,681 (23.5%) individuals who reported at least one existing health condition. The mean BMI for the study participants was 27.69 kg/m(2). There were 5,742 (28.8%) individuals classified as having normal weight and 5,146 (25.8%) who were obese. The overwhelming majority of individuals did not meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for physical activity (15,022, 75.3%). There were 3,394 (17.0%) individuals classified as current smokers. Finally, logistic regression analysis indicated that when controlling for work-life characteristics and age, BMI and level of physical fitness were associated with preexisting health conditions. CONCLUSION This study was the first known baseline assessment of EMS professionals regarding the key health indicators identified by Healthy People 2010. Investigations regarding the impact of health and wellness in relation to workforce stability should be undertaken. Further research should also be conducted to identify strategies to improve the health of the EMS workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Studnek
- Carolinas Medical Center, The Center for Prehospital Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, USA.
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